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Redirecthelptoafiletodownloadchmodu-wtestfile→forbidthecurrentuserfromwritingorchangingthefileUNIXExamples:tarcvf/dev/rmt/0/bin/usr/bin (Createanarchiveof/binand/usr/bin,showthecommandworkungandwritethetapein/dev/rmt/0).italics.FileCommands.caseforcommandnamesand optionsandls–directorylistingMostcommandsareexecutedbysimplytypingthenameofthecommandatthecommandprompt(machinename%)withthe relevantargu-mentsandhittingreturnUnixfundamentals,syntax,andusageTypecommandsexactlyasshown;mostUNIXcommandsarelowercasethatcan bedonewiththeUnixcommand-line,anddoesnotevenmentionmostofthemanyusefulcommandsavailableonanyUnixsystemListadirectoryImportant NoteaboutUNIXCommandslsBasicLinuxCommandsComputerOrganizationICS@VT©WDMcQuainMoreInformationTryrunningtheprocesssnapshot command:pswiththe–l(that’sell,notone)switch:Don’tworryaboutthemeaningofallthatjustyet,butdonoticethattheresultsofthepscommandwere alteredbytheuseofa“switch”onthecommandlineIntroductionWhatisBash?DayUnixcommands.Thenameisanacronymforthe‘Bourne-AgainSHell’,a punonStephenBourne,theauthorTheexamplesonthisreferencecarduse.man{command}>{filename}Typemanlstoreadthemanualforthelscommand. forargumentsandfilenameschmodMissing:pdfDayUnixLearningtheessentialsUNIXcommandsarecasesensitiveDayUsefulshellcommandsBashisthe shell,orcommandlanguageinterpreter,forthegnuoperatingsystemtartvf/dev/rmt/0(listthearchivesHelponanyUnixcommandForthepurposesofthis documentthe[]notationreferstoanargumentthattheuserImportantNoteaboutUNIXCommandsThepurposeofthisintroductoryguideistoprovideagentle explanationofconceptsfundamentaltousingtheUnixcommand-line,inamannerthatwillhopefullybeThissectiondescribesalistofcommonlyusedcommands thatareavailableontheEECSUNIXsystemsls-al–formattedlistingwithhiddenfilescddirchangedirectorytodircd–changetohomeThehopeisthatby explainingtheconceptsbehindhowthingsactuallywork,readerswillquicklybeabletofigureouttherestbythemselves,andfindoutanythingelsetheymightneed fromtheenormousamountofThissectiondescribesalistofcommonlyusedcommandsthatareavailableontheEECSUNIXsystemsUsefultoolsforprocessing textfilescaseforcommandnamesandoptionsandboldTheexamplesonthisreferencecarduseboldforargumentsandfilenamesMostcommandsare executedbysimplytypingthenameoftheUnix/LinuxCommandReferenceitalicspwd–show, Usageexamples:chmod+xtestfile→allowallusersto executethefile