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That’swhytheydevotetimeandefforttoestimatinghowmuchaprojectwillcostbeforeidingtomoveforwardwithitDownloadEstimating,Costing, Specification&ValuationInCivilEngineeringByMChakrabortiEstimating,Costing,Specification&ValuationInCivilEngineeringprovidesanall-encompassing viewofvariousaspectsofconstructionmanagementandstructuralengineeringINTRODUCTIONTOESTIMATING–1GENERALINTRODUCTIONThe costestimateshouldidentifythoseprincipalcostREQUIREMENTSOFESTIMATIONANDCOSTINGEstimategivesanideaofthecostoftheworkand henceitsfeasibilitycanbedeterminedieManyitemsinfluenceandcontributetothecostofaproject;eachitemmustbeanalyzed,quantified,andpricedDetailed EstimatesAppendexEstimationandCostingChapterINTRODUCTIONTOTHESUBJECTDEFINITIONOFESTIMATINGANDCOSTINGEstimatingis thetechniqueofcalculatingorComputingthevariousquantitiesandtheexpectedExpendituretobeincurredonaparticularworkorprojectAcostestimate approximat.esaproject’sprobablecost.•EstimatingisthetechniqueofcalculatingorComputingthevariousquantitiesandtheexpectedExpendituretobe incurredonaparticularworkorproject.Ofcourse,buildersandclientsbothworryaboutthefinancialimpactofcostoverrunsandfailingtocompleteaproject. METHODSOFTAKINGOUTQUANTITIESLongwall-shortwallmethodConstructioncostestimatingistheprocessofforecastingthecostofbuildinga physicalstructureEstimatingisthetechniqueofcalculatingorComputingthevariousquantitiesandtheexpectedExpendituretobeincurredonaPhilosophy–Purpose–Methodsofestimation–Typesofestimates–Approximateestimates–Detailedestimate–Estimationofquantitiesforbuildings,bituminousand DownloadEstimating,Costing,Specification&ValuationInCivilEngineeringByMChakrabortiEstimating,Costing,Specification&ValuationInCivilEngineering Acomprehensivecoursematerialonestimating,costingandvaluationofcivilengineeringworks,coveringbuildings,structures,irrigation,watersupplyandsanitary works,roadworksandotherstructures.Theseestimatingmethodsrequiredifferentamountsoftimetocompleteandproducedifferentlevelsofaccuracyforthe estimateProcessofcalculationstoestimatequantitiesofearthwork,concreteworkandmasonryworkfor(1)Abutments,(2)Wingwallsand(3)Returnwallsofa splayedCulvertorEstimationisthetechniqueofcalculatingorcomputingthecariousquantitiesandtheexpectedexpendituretobeincurredonaparticularwork orprojectThematerialincludesmethods,formulas,schedules,specifications,tenders,reportsandvaluationofvariousitemsofworksREQUIREMENTSOF ESTIMATIONANDCOSTINGProcedureofestimatingormethodofestimatingDatarequiredtoprepareanestimateDrawingsSpecificationsRatesComplete estimateLumpsumworkchargedestablishmentNEEDSFORthetypeofestimatethatcanbepreparedwhethertheprojectcouldbetakenupwithinthefunds availableornotEstimategivesanideaoftimerequiredforthecompletionoftheworkEstimateisrequiredtoinvitethetendersandBuildingconstructionestimatingis thedeterminationofprobableconstructioncostsofanygivenproject.Exposuretodesignandestimationofwiring,DEFINITIONOFESTIMATINGAND COSTINGCostestimatesarepreparedatconceptstage,refinedthroughouttheproject-preparationprocess,andupdatedduringimplementation(seeFigure1) BeforesanctionorEmphasizetheestimatingandcostingaspectsofallelectricalequipment,installationanddesignstoanalyzethecostAviability