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ProteinsinvolvedinmovingionsarecalledionophoresWhetherbyuniport,symportorantiport,eachsolutewillindependentlycrossamembranedownits concentrationgradient,movingfromhigherconcentrationtowhereitisatalowerconcentration.Uniport.Despiteextensiveinvestigations,molecularunderstanding ofantiportersislessadvancedthanothertransportersduetothecomplexcouplingbetweentwosubstratesandthelackofdistinctstructuresBiologi Molekuleruniport,symport,antiportFreedownloadasPDFFilepdf),TextFileManytransportproteinsofbacteriaandeukaryotesarethoughttopossessa commonstructuralmotifoftransmembrane-spanningα-helicalsegmentsIntroductionTherearethreetypesoffacilitateddiffusionTransportofsubstancesthat takesplacewiththehelpofintegralproteinsiscalledfacilitateddiffusion•Inuniport,thesinglesolutetransportisdowntheconcentrationgradientDespite extensiveinvestigations,themolecularunderstandingofantiportersislessadvancedthanthatofothertransportersduetothecomplexcouplingbetweentwo substratesandthelackofdistinctstructuresMajorfacilitatorsuperfamily(MFS)proteinsoperateviathreedifferentmechanisms:uniport,symport,andantiport. UniportSymptAliriportmsTRANSPORTMOLECULES:UniporttransportsSymporttransportsonesoluteatathesoluteandaAntiporttransportsthesolute in(orout)andSolutionWhenthemovementofasinglemoleculetakesplace,throughthecarrierprotein,withoutcouplingwithanothermoleculeMechanismof transportforsymport(top)andantiport(bottom)carrierproteinsQuestionsMajorfacilitatorsuperfamily(MFS)proteinsoperateviathreedifferentmechanisms: uniport,symport,andantiportInsymport,dissimilarsolutesaretransportedtothesamesideofthemembrane,withonesoluteTheuniporter/symporter/antiporter superfamilyisanevolutionarilyrelatedgroupofsolutetransportersIftwomoleculesaremovedinoppositedirectionsacrossthebilayer,theproteiniscalledan antiport*SymportUniport:whenaparticulartypeofmoleculemovesacrossamembrane,throughcarrierprotein,independentofothermolecule,thediffusionis calleduniport.Thefiveclustersinclude:(1)drug-resistanceproteins,(2)sugar, WhileH+-drivenantiportresultsintoxineffluxandaresistancephenotypein vivo,proton-coupledsymportortoxinuniportwouldresultinactiveuptakeofthetoxicmoleculeintobacteria9, SymportAntiportCoupledtransportEnergy ActivetransportActiveTransportExteriorCytoplasmGlucosebindingsitcHydrophobicHydrophilicaminoacidsRecallthatdiffusionalongagradientreleases freeenergythatdependsonrelativeconcentrationsofthesolutesActivetransportdescribestheuseofenergytomovemoleculesacrossacellmembrane,usually againsttheirconcentrationgradientsFortheentiresuperfamily,wehaveusedanewpredictiveprogramtoSolutionConcentrationgradientsforsolutemolecules areshownbycorrespondingcoloredtrianglesinwhichanProteinsthatmovetwomoleculesinthesamedirectionacrossthemembranearecalledsymports(also calledsynporters,synports,orsymporters)SymportMissing:pdfBiologiMolekulerUniport,Symport,AntiportPDFMacromoleculesProteins*AntiportInthis reportweusestatisticalmethodstoestablishthatfivefamiliesorclustersofthesefacilitatorscompriseasinglesuperfamily.Membraneproteinsinvolvedinactive transportincludesymporters,antiporters,andthesodium-potassiumpump*Uniport