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Bondorder=Bondsbetweentwononmetalsaregenerallycovalent;bondingbetweenametalandanonmetalisoftenionicbondangleof5AdvancedTheoriesof Bonding.Introduction;ValenceBondTheory;HybridAnswerKey.Chapter1;Chapter2;Chapter3;Chapter4;Chapter5;Chapter6;theenergyrequiredto breakthebondbetweentwocovalentlybondedatoms;thisvalueisusuallyexpressedinkJpermolofsubstanceresonancestructureoneofthetwoorbonding orbital,lowerWhentwoatomicorbitalscombinetoformamolecularorbitalthatissymmetricalaroundtheaxisconnectingtwoatomicnuclei,a bond isformedSomecompoundscontainbothcovalentandionicbondsInorganicChemistry/ChemicalBonding/MODiagramStructureofBenzene,OrbitalPicture, ResonanceinBenzene,AromaticCharacters,Huckel’SBondingTheories>MolecularOrbitalsBondingTheories>Inordertoexplainthethree-dimensionalshape ofmolecules,scientistsusevalenceshellelectronpairThehybridorbitalsoverlaptoformσbonds,whiletheporbitalsoneachcarbonatomoverlaptoformaπ bond.Whenatomicorbitalsoverlapsidebyside,theyproduce bondsAdvancedTheoriesofCovalentBondingMultipleBondsThebondenergyofa C–CsinglebondaverageskJmol–1;thatofaCC{triplebondaverageskJmol–Explainwhythetriplebondisnotthreetimesasstrongasasinglebond.tetrahedal angleTheelectronconfigurationfordiheliumis(1s)2(*1s)Molecularorbitaldiagramsprovideamethodfordeterminingthebondorderbetweentwoatomsina moleculeSolutionAtriplebondconsistsofoneσbondandtwoπbondsFigureIntheethenemolecule,C2H4,thereare(a)fiveσthebondingelectronsaremost likelytobefoundinsausage-shapedregionsaboveandbelowthebondaxisofthebondedatomsTheBondingTheories>(lower,molecularorbitals,bonding orbital,sigma)Sigma