Русское прошлое. Вып.1. - Л.,1991.

lssN 0869.il77

RUSSI(OE PROSHLOET-'I

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rpyaoaofi KorrreKTHB Qunua.na <CsereH>

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PEAAKUhOHHbI[I COBET: B. f. EOPTHEBCKHn QnaauoLri pedaKrop) A. B. CMO.TII4H B. IO. LIEPHqEB H. B. KAPACEB (oraercraennoni cercperapo)

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Adpec pedarc4uu: 194156, Jlenunepad, ga. Cepdo|oaocrcan, d. 1, CII <Ceenex>. TeneQon

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(812)-242-27-J I, reneQarcc

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PeAaxqns HaAeercr Ha nnoAorBopnoe corpyAHnqecrBo c qnrarercnru u 6yAer 6aaro4apHa sa KpnrnqecKl{e saMeqanufl, coBerH H IIoX(eJlaH,,c v 3a np[cnaHHHe MarepHaJIbI g,an ny6rnxaquu.

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Flerporporqo o EBPAJT bCKAt PEBOJI lOIlI,It TJIA3AMPI FPAAO HAqAJI b H H KA A. TI. BAJIKA

Vsnxarruoct Aaunofi ny6rnxaqun B ToM, qro s Hefi BnepBbre cqacTJlllBo coeAuHHJIHcb paHee Hen3BecTHbIe H xpaHc[Inecc no paSHhre cropoHbr cBera AoKyMeHrbI nocJIeAHero qapcKoro rpaAoHaqaJrbnr,txa A. II. 6anxa o QespalrHa[HcaHHbIe HM B 1929 r. B eMHcxofi peso.nrbqnn. 3ro rpaqill,t, n Eerrpa4e, -BocnoMuHaHr.rs n Qoprvre AHeBHITKa <Ilocae4nue nqrb AHefi rlapcxoro llerporpaAa>, Koropble o6napyxu.rr n Apxnne fyneponcxoro nHcrnryra nofinu, peBoJrroqru lr Mr.rpa (CreuSop4, CIIIA) Bnnrop Eoprnencrnfi, a raKxe nepBble co6crnennopyqHble noKa3aHl{s A. [I. Ba.tra CteAcrrenHofi KoMr.rccllr focyAapcrnennofi AyMbt, AaHHbIe HM n 1917 r. rto ropflqnM cJreAaM noA apecro*r r MnHncrepcKoM naB[JrboHe Tanpnuecxoro ABopqa, r.r Apyrlre qoKyMeHrH, BHflBreHHue BlaAnunpom 9epnseBbrM s lleHrpaJIbHoM rocyAapcrBeHHoM r.rcropnqecxoM apxnBe JlennnrpaAa.

HccreAosaHns HcroplrKoB He coAepx(ar cBeAeHufi o npoHcxoxrAeHHH r,r )Kn3HeHHoM nyr[ A. Il. Eanxa. On npI{Ha,tI,-

ne)r(aJr K crapr.rHrroMy ABopcHcKoMy po4y llerep6yprcxofi

ry6epHnn. [Io oAnnu cBeAeHHflM, eror poA npo[cxoAnJl or nefireHaHra ruseAcxofi cuyx<6u, qeft cun Kopnnrnyc B pycrKoM [reHy flplrHqr npaBocraB]re c uMeHeM Mnxann l. IIo poAoHaqaJrbHl,rK po4a Qon Ea.nxen flepece,'Ixflcc (pynnM r.rs BecrQarnn r JInnonHK), a ero cbIH, Hnxorafi llgaHonnq

I lly6,rnxaqr.rn B. f. EoprxeBcKoro r B. K). tlepnnena. Bcrynu-

rerbHac crarbs H rouuenrapnfi B, lO. tlepxnera.

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coAepxc{r xpaHcqeecc s III'HAJI n Son4e l(anqelrpun nerporpaAcKoro rpaAoHaqaJlbnnKa 4elo <O cayx6e llerporpaAcKoro rpaAonaqanbHxKa reHepaJl-Mafiopa 6alxa>. a OHo sxrloqaer ero noclyxnofi cnficoK H pa3Hble AoKyMeHrbI. A.irexcan4p ilan.nonnq Ea.nr po4n.ilcn 7 Qeopalc 1866 r.' npaBocJraBHufi. Oronqua 1-ft Ka.u,ercxnfi Kopnyc H l-e [IasJroBcKoe yqunnu{e. BoeHnyn c.nyxr6y HaqaJI n yuuanue 3l aBrycra 1884 r. ruHKepoM ps,qoBoro sBaHrc. B 1886 r. oH npor{3BeAeH B nopyqnKn I{ HarpaBJleu s 16-fi JlaAoxcrnfi nexoruufi no.nx.

C 1887 r. A. tl. 6aax - s refi6-reapAnn BoauHcKoM noJrKy, rAe sa 16 urer noAHflJIcr no c,nyxe6Hofi .rlectuuqe Ju,lrrrb Ao KanuraHa, KoMaHArpa poru. IIpu groM eMy npnxoAnnocb 3aBeAoBarb coJIAarcKLtM 6y$erom, 6uru op,Rtl' HaprreM Ha caMoKare (rax Ha3blBarcq reaocune4) npu Kor MaHAyroqeM soficxaMn Ha 6o;truu.tx MaHeBpax aBrycre 1895 r., 6u6.rnorexapeM roJlKoBofi o{Nqepcxofi 6n6.nsorexu AeJronpoH3BoAnreneM noJlKoBoro cyAa H qJIeHoM cy4a o6 ulecrBa oSuqepon. fsapAeficraq Kapbepa A. [I. Ea;lra 3aBepunJtacr l2 uapt ra 1903 r., KorAa sblcoqafiulM npI{Ka3oM no ,BoeHHoMy Be] AoMcrBy oH 6ul HasHaqeH noMoII{HHKoM rapuarcxord o6ep-norrqueficrepa, c 3aqltcJleHneM no apueftcxofi nexorl I{ noBbr[reH]IeM B gBanlle nolKoBHI,IKa. 13 ler on orctyxll.li Ha sroM nocry, HepeAKo caM BblnoJrHss o6cgaHnocrn o6epJ nolnqrueficrepa. llpoesxrafl B oxrn6pe 1909 r. uepes Bapi rrraBy, rlMreparop Hnxo.nafi II co6crnenHopyqHo noxarosa.i eMy 3a ycepAile 3oJIorHe qacu. K orI{M roAaM orHocnTcfi ny6.nnryeuas HaMr Sotorpa$uq A. II. Ea.rra ns focyAap: crBetrHoro apxnBa rnHoQoro4oKyMeHroB JleHnnrpa4a, 6o. flee nos4uefr Hafirn He yAaJlocb. 6 aexa6ps l9l2 ri A. II. Eanxa npor3BeJllr B teHepaJl-uafiopu.

Ha nropofi ro4 nepnofi mnponofi,nofinu, 23 urotrs (5 an, rycra H. cr.) 1915 r. nepMaHcKxe soficxa Bacfltt Bapuar!

Ilo o6croqreJrbcrBaM BoeHHoro BpeMeHI{ B IrIoJIe l9l5 i A. II. Ea.rrr sce n rofi )Ke AoJrx(Hocrr{ rroMoIIlHuKa BapIIIaB' cKoro o6ep-noruqueficrepa 6ur nepeneAeH B Mocrry. I noxoAax n 6ocx flpor]rB Henpnsrerg eMy raK H He AoBenoct 8

A. ll. ba;rx. 1907.

yqacrBoBarb, Ho rpyAb ero yKparxanlr opAeHa CB. Bla4u_ mupa 3-fi crerreHr{, Cn. Cranucilaea 2 n B crenenefi, cepe6pcHHas MeAaJrb Ha JreHre opAeHa Cs. ArexcaH4pa Hercrono B naMsrb rlapcrBoBannc AnercanApa III n cserao-6pon3oBble MeAaJrn B naMflrb 300-Jrernq qapcrByprqero AoMa PonaaHoeHx H Ba rpyAhr no orMeHHonny nunotnennp sceo6uqeft rrlo6n.nr{3auru 1914 r.

__Bapuraea ocraBaJracb n r.uy6oxonr ru.ny repMaHcKr.rx noficx, ee cKopoe ocno6ox4eH[e He npeABr{Aenocb H npe6unauue ee Bbicullx nolnqeficxnx quHon n Mocxse Tepf,Jro

cMbrcJr. Tlceronay nocJreAoBaJru r{GBbre HasnaqeHr,rc. Bapruan-

cxafi o6ei;-uo.xnqueficrep, reHepaJr-nrafiop n. If. Mefiep lb aBrycra lll6 r. cran rpa.u,onaqaJrbHr.rKoru pocroaa-Ha:Aony. I uon6ps 1916 r. n ll,apcrofi Crasxe Huxolari II nsAan unnennofi yxas: <[IoMorrlHHKy Bapruancxoro o6ep-no;ruq_ ueficrepa, reHepqn-Maiiopy 6auxy Bceuu,lrocrnsefiue nose-

reBaeM 6urr Iletporpa4crnu rpaAoHaqaflbnuxolr>>. s pi A.nercangp llanuonuu, co cBoen Bropoo cynpyrofi Bepofi llnroanronnofi (xoropas 6wta cecrpon Hiqa-aunura ieHepaJrbHoro urra6a, reHepan-Mafiopa M. lf. Banxennua), c,brHoM or nepBoro 6para Enrenueu n Aoqepbro or Broporo 6pat<a Eflnraserofi nepe6paucn r croluqy. g non6pn on Bcryn[Jr B cBoro nocJreAnlorc AoJlxHocrb, o rreM coo6ural ero neqarnufi np[Ka3 no [IerponpaAcKoMy rpaAoHaqanbcrBv rr crolnqnofi norrr,rqun .l\lb 246 or l0 Hoq6pn tStO r.

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AenaoHcrpanrhr KpnqanH, lrupr, 4olrofi npaBureJrb^.Aonit qacou'yipa sun*'lono*"n nolNlll'trc!> B ll :Iu} ryn9ft rJ. rr. AaoaroBv. qro 6eg soficr noJrHrIHH He cnpaBnTbcfl.

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Corir

corrnaJrrfcrrrqecKafl sracri. K Horur rurrlnr_ HllKoB caMoAepxannn 6lornpoBaJrrr B [paBrfrenbcrBeHHom t4

qenrpe. [Io rele{toHy A. [I. Ealx rcnpauuBan y A. A. flporononoBa pa3pemeHl{e nolrblTarbcc Bo rJIaBe 9rPc'44 r(oHHbIx crpaxHlrKon npo6ntcn n l{apcxoe Ce,no. IlporononoB BoBMyrHJIcfl: <Kax )Ke BbI' FpaAoHaqarbHl{Kr AyM4zo [Io ere yfitu ns-flerporpaAa? rlrc xe ero raKoe 6yAer?>' cloiaoa llpotononoBa 3ro 6uuo 26-ro' Ho MorJIo 6urr 'nurut K Horru 27-ro. Vxe soccraa 1-fi sanacuofi nylemersufi no'nx (6o.nee 19 ruc. colAar Boopyx(eHnux 1'5 rblcflqaMll nyJleMeroB H HecKoJIbKI'IMH rblcflqaMl'l Bl'lHronox). C ApyrlIMI'l

qacrflMu OpaHnen6ayMa Hoqblo IIoJIK BblcrynllJl-.8 croJluqy npucoeAl,IHsc no nyrl,l soficxa llerepro$a u 2'ir nyJleMernufi no,nx n CrpellHe: Bcero He MeHee 60 ruc' qeJIoBeKr c 6o.nee rbtccrtu nyJteMeroB, Sponennxaun, rRxre.nofi aprl'Inqro ox-onqare.nruo peIuHJIo cyal6y penolrcqr'Iu' 2r uepuefi

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- nyJreMeToB no AerrtoHcTpaHTaM }t BOCCTaBIIII{M. 6e r{3 B. JI. Eypiqee, onpocuBrultfi Eanra eqe B Taopnuecxolt qro <<Ea'nn ABOpqe noA apecroMt KATeropHqHo

yrBep)I(AaJIt

qefloBeKoM' eBrgercc a4ecr 1o6pocoBecrHblM cBI{AereJIeMt SaBeAbIBaHnq or xoroDufi 6st.n ycrpaneH B nocJleAHlre AHI'I o6ur6fi nolnquefi, n qro oH' Bo BcsKoM cflyqae, o nyJIeMe-

Tax Hnqero He 3HaJI>. z2 Ho rax ,nn ero?

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pa cro.lnqu, MexAy Hesorc il O6noAHHM KaHaJIoMr Aflq

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seHHofi aymu ui l-ro nyl-euerHoro noJIKa AocraBHJItr nyneueron I{ Hoqbn 11- rfenpa.rrn nonnqeftcxtle p$epBHHe qacrlr paccraBllJll{ }Ix Ha Kpblruax u qeplaKax no sapaHee IITO B AHH BOCCTaHHC cocTaBJIeHHoMy nnaHyr Ho HeyMeJIOr BO3MOXHOe qlIcJIo yMeHbIIlHJlo H SarpyAHcno crpe,nr6y 26 $enpa'rn y-13-1-Y^:lli: CoseqaHue "&epom Bo3rJIaBnBuIero BoHnpeAceAareJlbcrBoM noA .u,oiaqaarcrBe o6cyxllasreHxosa noJIKoBHnKa cronuqy cKoByp oxpaHy

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po[naHoB. B nOqr na 27-e l-fi nyneruernufi noax npncJraJl 18-rc_or4eabHyn pory c 24 ny.nerrieraMr. Ee nplrcoeir""nu r noficxau n noJr[rurfi, saul[ulaBrunu pafion Sriuneri'anop_ g1 1 Aaunpaareficrna, nocJleAHrolo qapcKyb rl[raAenb B rreTporpaAe. zJ gnH3OAHqeCKaq crpe.nr6a us-nyteueroB cTaJra MaccoBofi 28-ro. Iloanqns ne 6una efi o6yveHa, crpe_ nqrn conAaru. Ha Aonpoce 8 ruapra r rrcprue-Tpy6bux6ro oacruona ll-ero_onanaoscrofi xpenocru C. 'C. Xa6ffi;; ;t;_ sHa.ncc A. O_.- KepeHcxouy: *Ec,nn y MeHs orxy4a-nn6y4r noqBnnrcb [6n] ,nnrunne nyueueru, ro c 6d'"* oriun BOI{CKaM, a He ABOpH[KaM t{ ropoAoBblM>. 2a OAnaxo n o6IIIECTBCHHOM MHEHI{H BHHY 3A 9TO CBATNJIII NOJIHOCTbT HA norfiqllrc, apecroBaHHbrx Ha Kpbrrlax coJrAaT OrnvcKaJrH. a nornqericrnx qacro y6nnaru Ha mecre. Ilonousai cayiri

flepeoAerbrx B coJrAarcKr{e urnHeJrrr ropoAoBbtx.

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Kaprepa A. n. Ealxa H Apyrnx r{apcx}rx 3arq[rHnKoB pyxnyna BMecre c qapcKrrM npecronoM. IIo4 apecrou a MuHncrepc,rom nasnrrbne TanpnuecKoro ABopqa Harrnca_ Hbr HM nyGrnxyeubre HaMH rroKaaaHnq. ,ero _ ncrr 6ori_ rrrr{x JrHcroB, I{cnncanHblx qepHunaM[ c o6enx cropoH. Ha nepBoM rtncroM Jtr.rcre (n 4e,le oH noArrrr{r rueciuru). n npaBoM BepxHeM y_r-Jry r{M x(e HaAn}rcano: <o6rscHeHnc i.en.

Maflop. Ealxa>. Kpoue_rorapurqa npoxypopa llerporpalcKoro oKpyxHoro cy4a llerpa fpnroprenuqa Kocreiro. ero Jrr{qHo AonparrrHBaJr Bo ABoprIe A. O. KepeHcxnfi. 3irenr Earxa nepeBeJrr.t n flerporilaAcKyrc oAnHoqHyrc rnpbMy <Kpecru>, a 24 anpetn- na fayrirBaxry npll ynpaBJreHn]r KoMeH.u,aHra Tanpuuecxoro ABopqa, r,qe peknm bua sHa_ qltreJlbHo,'rerqe. 25 Panee,rau, Ha rDypupa4rcxofi ynnqe,40, roMeqarxcr urra6 Oco6oro Kopnyca x(aHAapMo; ( r'nem 6u.n cocpe4ororreH rroJrnrrqecxfn cucr) *i"pr"ri, unx q[HoB urra6a. Vrpo*r 28 eenpaan BoccraB[rue " "uro DasrDo_ MrrJu{ AoM, a sareM raM pasMecrnJrr{cb l{enrpatrno-e Or6po npoQcorosoa llerporpaAa, npaBJrennn npoei,orro"-; p; AaKqru nx x(ypHanon, I{eHrpaanruf, coBer ea6sanrombr, a raKxe ura6-rnaprfipa naprnu MenbrrreBnKo'n. no l""p* nou Q;lurele coxpaHflJrocb apecrHoe noMeuleHne _ gra ca_ Maf, raynrBaxra, rAe cnAenll raKr(e nepeBeAeHHHe trs lfer_ pronlBngTKofi x,penocru C. C. Xa6aaoi, noennufi MrrHrcrp m. A. Ee,nRen, Spefi.nnua A. A. BnpydoBa n 4p. zo 3l uas Bepa HnnoJrnroBHa Ba.iri< o6parro""" s qCK DpeMeHHoro npaBnreJrbcrBa c flpotlreHneM ocno6oAnru uv_

x(a H3-noA crpaxu, npeAceAarelr {CK H. K. Mvoanrei AaJr corJracue n 2 npns A. II. Ea;rra ocso6oArralr n-on non_ nHcKy:

t6

<fl, uuscenodnucaawuilcn, 1an nacronqAtu nodnucrcg Ilporcypopg Ilerpoepadcrcoil Cgdeinofr lTanaru B rol't' ttro niu fiiiaoil,nepeneue cooeeo adpeca o1asgrcco coo6t4ara rarcoeofi IIporcgpopg.

Ilerpoepad. 2 unnn 1917 eod.

f eruepatt Martop Eanrc.

Adpec. Cgoopoecrcufi npocnercr, don 65, rce.41>27.

Corracno srofi noAnucxe A. Il. Eanx no3AHee coo6uta,n npoKypopy:

<floaocrg do caedenun Kavqennpuu, ttro n nepeelcan ug Mocrcaot. Ha flcurenbcrao a Hoeo,lepgaccK, Bocnurateaona* Arrurld, don. 20. A. C*tupnoea. f enepatt Mafiop e orcraarce Eanrc 11 aeegcra 1917 eoda>28.

fpax4,ancxas. sofina sa6pocn,la A. II. balra s IOno-

cJraBlllo. fAe HM HanHcaHbI ny6luxyeuble HaMH BocrIoMHHaHlrfl.'Apxnnnan pyKonllcb npeAcraBJlflet co6oro MaIIIIIHonncnuft reKcr c uepnu.rlrnofi arropcxofi npanrofi. Ha nepnofi crpannqe, HaA sar,nanneu, A. Il. Ea;rx HarlncaJl: <Bce-

ro npoHyMepoBaHo 23 ctpannqbl' lI3 Koropblx ABe HenoJInue. I8/VII-29 r. 6a;lx>>. [l uytr HI'Ixe ero )Ke pyKorc <Konns>. Crpannqu cKpennenH HlrrcMll n cepryqHoft neqarbrc. Ha nogteAneft noA TeKcroM MaIuHHo[IrcH noAnr,rcb: <A. Ea,ilx 17lVll-29 6elrpaA>. Jlucru 6olruoro $opnara, MalllllHonncnufi rexcr Haneqaran qepe3 HHTepear. B aMI{rpaIrHH A. n. Ealx npoml{Jl Aorro H yMep B BecbMa [peKnoHHoM Bo3pacre' s 1957 r.

OcrasrseM HaIIILTM q[TarelcM npurrnnfi n [HTepecnufi rpy4 caMHM cpaBHurb noKa3aHus 1917 r. H BocnoMlrnaHuc-4. [|. Ea,nra o nocJIeAHI{x AHqx qapcKoro llerporpaAa. Bce ny6.nnxyemHe HaMll AoKyMeHrbI BocnponsBeAeHbl 6es xynnp H I{3MeHeHHfi n rexcre, xax 6u He pe3anu noporc nJras Hexoropble BblcKasblBanns 6a.nra. Be4r gTlr AoKyMeHTH qeHHbI TeM, IITO roBopqr He ro_JIbKo o rparnqecKHx

c66Hrlrcx Qenpa.rIr 1917 ro4a, no u o6 aBrope noxagannft r{ BocnoMr.tHaHnfi, teprax xapaKTepa qenoBeKar llrpaBulero Becbua 3aMerHyrc ponb HaKaHyHe H B AHH Oenpa.nrcxofi peBoJrrcqnI{.

Ilyd.nnxaquc ocyqecrBJlena B coorBercrBllll c HopMaM[ apxeorparfnn. Pexoncrpynpyeuufi reKcr Bscr B KBaAparBHqepKHyinn - B yrnoBHe. Ilocxolrxy A. n. "ile "xb6*n, l7

6anx ne BcerAa roqeH B HaII[caHLtn Qarvrn.rruft, I.tHttqI{aJIoB H AoJr)Knocrefi, x ny6uuxauu[ npuJrox(eH pasnepuyrufi nnressofi yKa3areJrb ynoMcHyrux HM JTHII, xoropuft cocraBJreH no apxr.rBHbrM AoKyMeHTaM u cflpaBorIHfiKaM. lloetouy, B npnMerraH!.rqx 9rr.r ourn6xn A. II. Earra He oroBaprzBaroTcg.

I Hoeuri sHquKro[eAHqecxaii cnoeapr @. A. Eporfay3n ot 14. A. E$pota, r. 4. Cn6., 6. r. C. 863.

, Pyccxuir 6r.rorpaQrrecxnii c,ronapr, r. 2. CfI6., 1900. c. 446.

3 Tav rie. C. 449-450; Boensar euqlrxnonegug, r. 4.

cftd., 1911. c. 366-367.

4 U.f.riA,il. O. 569. On.27, 4.58.

; Tau xe. ,II. 19.

0 iloxasasns A. /,. llporonono:a, 3l aBrycra 1917 r. uapcKofo pelKrrMa, r. 4. J1., 1926. C. 91. ll llaneuue 7 Talr rxe.

8 floxasaHuq C. lI. bereqxoro. 24 utour 1917 r u,apcKoro pe)KriMa, r. 4. C. 305. // llaaeriue s.[,onpoc A. H. Xeoctora, 18 uapra l9l7 r. ll tlaAer{He qapcKoro pexr.{Ma, r. l. ,rI., 1924. C. 13. r0 3a xy,'rncaMrr uapr.r3Ma. Apxne ru6ercKoro Bpaqa EaAnaena. Il., 192i,. C. 44. tt {fl,IAJI. O. 569. On. 27. A. 58. II. 2l-22, 32, 36-38. r2 floxagaHrlq A. !,. flporononoea, 3l arrycra 1917r.

C. 45, 91; ,Il,onpoc A. !,. flporonouosa, 2l ltapra 1917r. // llaaenue uapcKoro pexuMa, r. I. C. 155; lloxaeauua A. ,(. llporononosa, 28 r4ronrfl u 3l arrycra l9l7 r. ll lIaAeuxe qapcKoro pexnMa, t. 4. C.46, 95.

13 A r a e rrr o s H. (D. Aronur crapofo pe)KHMa: no npr,rcraBcKnM AoHeceHHrM u floKa3arrflrrt cglrAeterefi // I4croonqecxuft BecrHuK. 1917. Anoe.rr. C. IV. te Pa6oqee ABlrx(eHlie n llerporpage s 1912-1917rr. !,orylrenru H Mareprarrr'r. JI., 1958. C. 535.

6ypAxaJIoB 3. H. Bropat pyccxat peBonrct\nfl.'' Boccrasse n flerporpa,qe. M., 1967. C. 107-108; Kpnsnc caMoAep)KaBHs s Poccuri. 1895-1917. JI., 1984. c. 634.

16,lionpoc ren. C. C. Xa6a,rosa,22 uapra l9l7 r. ll lla,(euue qapcKofo pexuMa, r. I. C. 184; Oxtr6prcroe BoopyxeHuoe BoccraHue. CerrtnaAqaruft roa r flerporpaae, xn. L JI., 1967. C. 49. tt EypAxanoB 3. H. Bropan pyccrar peBonlouug... C. I18. r8 T a u x e. C. 127-134; Jlefi6epoa H. fI. Ha rrrrypM caMoAepxaBur. flerporpa4cxr.rft npo,neraptar B roAH nepeoft uuponofi eofiHbr l.t @enpa;rrcxofi peBonlo[r.Iu. M., 1979.

C.132,137; lloxaaauuq A. A. flporononona, ll cenra6pa 1917 r. ll lTal.enue qapcKoro pexl.rMa, r. 4. C. 98-99; Araeruos H. tD. Aronur craporo pexr.rMa. C. XXII. re tleoHqes

B. IO. Boccrauue flagroscroro rroJrro3HuKH H noJrlrrr.rqecrr{e nponrBu}rrn g l9l7 roay. C6. sayqnbrx rpyAoB. .[., 1989. C. 152-177. xa 26 Seaia.rrs l9l7 r. ll Pa6osufi x.nacc Poccuu, ero co-

18

20 ,[,onpoc A. .[. Ilporononoea, 14 anpenr l9l7 r. ll lla,[eHne rrapcKoro pexHMa, r. 2. JI., 1925. C. 149-150; floxagaHuq A. ,(. flporonorroBa, ll cesra6ps. C. l0l.

2r r{ep u r en

B. IO. Opannen6ayr,rcxoe soccraHue

$eapare l9l7 r. // Llcropuuecxue ganilcxs. 1986, r. tl4" c. 260-275.

22 floxasauun B. JI. Eypueaa, I anpulr lglT r. Jl flaAeHrle uapcKoro pexHMa, i. t. C. ZSS. 'B. g_

r{

e p-n s e s IO.- Opannen6aylrcKoe BoccraHr.ie..^ 262-263.

-13c. zr tdfAOP CCCP. O. 1467. On. L n. 471..rr. 155. 's II|HA/I. O. 1695. On. I. A. 47. il.7-8: E.521,II. 18. r0 r{epngee B. IO. flsrr 4nefi a Heftno.rre /i Ee-

,'Ible HoqH: orrepKH, Sapr.tcoBKrr, BocnoMr.rHaHlrr, AoryMeH-

ru. .IL, 1985. C. 49-51. zz [|HA,II. O. 1695. On. I. [. 47. 11. 10.

28 Tau xe.,rl. 11.

I. NOKA3AHHfl TEHEPAJI.MAAOPA A. N. 6AJIKA TOBAPI,IIIIY NPOKYPOPA n ETPOTPAACKOTO O KPyXHOTO CyAA n. f. KOCTEHKO I AnPEJIfl lg17 r.

Bc,reAcreHe [olyug1111oao MHoFo npeA,,ro)*.'eHrifl or roBa-

pfiIIIa [poKypopa KocreHro orBerHrb Ha rrpeAJlox(eHHbre BorrpocbrI o6tqcHqr,o: l) A.irexcaHAp llaenosnq 6anx2) Or poAy riMero 5l roa. 3) feHepa.rr-Mariop. 4) Eurur [zr1]

nerporpaAcKr.rfi rpaAoHaqarbHr.rK (c 9 Ho;i5pn 1916 r.) 5) Vna_saHu Bo II ToMe cB [oAa] 3ai<os [on] poc [cuficxoii] HM[ep [uu] a AeJrax roJrlrrnrrecKrex QyHi<qtilr fpaAoHarr lafib. rriiKa] cal,{ocrcrreirbHbrMH He 6brr}r. flo yxaoairnrc Aenapr [aue-nra] flo.nnq [nu] n cBeAeHusM Oxpair [Horo] OrAer [eHHs] AeficrB[q rpaAoHaqa,rbHuKa cBoAr.rJrncb K ttpuHrrrHro Mep [o IIoAAep)KaHr.rIo [opfAKa B ropoAe Bo BpeMff AeMoHcrparlrBubrx Bbrcry[,reHnft ronnu. Kporr,re roro, rpaAoHaqaJrbHr.rK, no

AoKJraAy Hau [a"rrrnura] oxpaH [Horo] orA [ereHllr] , npeActagJtqr KoMaHA [yrcuremy] BoftcK IaMn flerporpa4cKoro BoeHHoro oKpyfa] n Miauracrpy BHyrp[eHHux] Ae,'l [epeflrrcKr{ o BocnpeqeH[u )KHTeJrbcrBa B croJifiqe. 6) B 1l ,racos ws 27 c [ero] Seepa,ra, HaxoArrcb c BbICTIII{Mr.I qI.IHaMr.r nOJr[rIHI{ B sAaHUH A4rrAUpa.UreIiCTBa, 6n.n onporuen BoopyxeHHorl ToJrfiofi r.r Boer{HbrMH qlrHaMH: <rAe renepar Xa6anos?>> <<6u.n 3Aecb, Ho yrxeJr, - Orserr.r.n: [pelpoBoAnrb MeHr r.r Morix f rpa4onaqaJibHlrK. llpouy cocrryxr.rBqeB e locy4apcroeu [uyro] Ayrury>.- flo4 xou-

BOEM BOI{HCKHX III.IHOB BCC MbI 6U,TN AOCTABJICHbI HA ABYX

aeroMo6unsx o focyAapcrBeH[uyn] [yrr,ry. 7) AxruBHoro

yqacTHfl B noAaBJreHHI{ peBoJltourlu He npI{HuMaJI.

24 tDeepaln

B ou4y HeHopMaJrbHoro ABr{}KeHux 23 Qenparfr n crpeMJIeHHfl cocpeAoror{r.rrbcfl Ha Hencrou, Muor,o HaKaHyHe 6uJrH orAaHbr npuKa3aHnfl nornqueiicrepaM Ha o6ueu co6pauuu rrpr.IHrrb ruepu Ha6rroAeFi]Ir{ LI BbIcJIarb I(oHHbIe HapqAhr xaHAapMoB, rroJrLIuI{H LI KaSaKoB npeHMyIIIecTBeH-

Ho B orAaJreHHbre r{acru ropoAa. Bce naon pacnopfx(eHutl 6H.[r{ saHeceHbr B )KypHaJr, roropuft s fi nepeAa,'r VnpanJrsrour [errry] *roert KaHqerqpnu. CaeAeHrfi or OxpaH [Horo] Or4 [e;reHun] Ha 3Tor AeHb HHKaKLIx Ko MHe He nocryna.rro.

C yrpa fiorrrn nce Qa6pnxu sa6acrosailv2. Hescx[fi cran HanoJrHrrrbca rycroli ro,rnoft. flo uoerr,ry AoKJraAy rto reJreQoHy o I I qac. 4nn l(onrauAyronr [erray] soficxaun [o*pyra], uro Ha HeecxoM xoAqr roJrnbr LI HaqaJrl{cb MI,ITLIHTI{, reHep [a.n] il:i6a.rroe cKa3aJr: <<CaM erixy ne cnoeft rnaprupbr, xax c Bu6oprc [rofi] cropoHbr HapoA coo6oguo nepexoAur no ,rr4y 3. Ae;rarc paclopflxeHue o HeMeAJreHHoM Bbr3oBe eoficK>>.- Mex4y ll-12 qac. AHrr B rpaAoHaqa.rrbcrBo Ko MHe B xa6nHer npu6u,r llpeo6paxeucr [oro] no,rKa noJrKoBHltx flaereHro c aAbloraHToM I.r sac.gvrlt MHe, qro eMy npr.IKa3aHo KoruaH4yloul Isv1 soficxa],rN [oxpyra] Bcry[r,rrb B pac[opflx(eHle soficxaMH w no.ruqueft AJIfl Bo.u,BopeHus nopflAKa B ropoAe. C eroro MoMeHra s yxe Hr.rKaKvx p acfi oprAl.IreJrbHbrx np uras a ntrr? H r{ qIrH a M [oJIHr{r{ 14, Hr.r reM 6o.ree eor?'cxar\a He orAaBaJr H 3aHHMaJIcfl ToJrbKo TeKyIIIHMfi KaHIIeJrflpCKI.IMH AeJraMV, <Lr> np[eMOM npoc]Irelefi rt cBoHX cJryxaul]Ix c oqepeAHbrMu AoKJ'raAaMr4 Lr nepenncroli. Bcxope craJrn B rpaAoHar{aJlbcrBo npu6unart

c AOKJIaAaMI,I HaqaJIbHIrKH BoHHcKHx tIacreft, Kollx BbIcJ'IyrrruBaJr norx [oeuux] flan.renro, a 3areM r.r npu6unruift

reHep [a.n] Xa6aJros a. Beuepou 6u.no HaguaqeHo saceAaHLre B IIIra6e Oxpyra B npacyrcrBr{r{ HarraJrbnlrKoB or-

[ux] oottucxltx qacrefi. f iz nonxueftueftcrepbr rox(e 6urn npnr.na[reHbr. flo.nxognr.rx flasreuxo [peAceAareJrb-

AeJrbH

crBoBaJr H noBTopHJr, uto6rt noruqeriueficrepsr ,{&Ba;'rH BC€ cBeAeHHff o 6ec'nopn4Kax HeMeA,'reHHo Har{arrn [uxau] co-

orBercrBeHHbIx roeH Inux] pafiouon,- rpaAoHaqaJrbHr.rKy xe AoHocHTb pafiopraMrr no oKoHqaHr.rn gux. 3areiu oce uu 6u.tu or[yqeHbr, a BoeHHbIe npoAonxanu Bace4aru 5.

20

25-ro Qenparn

Cn.rrno us6ur roJruoto nolnuefiueftcrep Bu6oprcxofi cropoHbr [oJrKoBHr{K llla.rrSeen H JrerKo paHeHbr KaMeHbqMH ABa Kon[uux] ropoAotsbrx. V6nr uex1y 4-5 qac. AHfl Ha 3Harueucr [ofi] nlou Ialnl

rrpucraB porMucrp Kpunon.

I(aprnHa, KaK rr B rrpeAbrAyuuft 4eHr, [-] crrxnfisoe

r

crpeMJreHHe Heecxor\,ry, Mr.rruHrI{, KpacHbre Q.rrarn, ocraHoBKa rpaMBaeB r{ B orAaJreH [nux] qacrtx lr H3Bo3lIHKoB. Hacro.irlxo rroMntro, crpe.nr6u H cefoAHfl se 6ulo.- HeolKHAaHHo e I qac. Hoqr.r q 6Hr esrgsaH rrpeAceAar [e,rrerra]

I

Coeer [a] MuuucrpoB K HeMy Ha KBaprr{py. Ha xaaprnpe

lt 3acraJr Becb coBer Mr.rHr.rcrpoB. Mue 6ulo npeAJroxeHo

KHrr3eM fonuqusnu AoJroxHTb o IronoxeHnn. He ycrreJr s Haqarb roBopr.rrb, xar npu6uJr reHep [a,r] Xa6a.loB, Koropnrfi z Aonox(HJr rlcreKrrrue co6Hrtlq. flo.noxeuue Ael 6u.no

iipr{3HaHo rpo3HbIM H reHepaJr Xa6a,ros gaflBrrJr, qro r{M pelrreHo c 3aBTparxHero AHs nprrcrynr.rrb x 4eftcrnuro opyx(HeM. 3areu s, 6sn orflyueH, a 3aceAaHlre flpoAoJlxaJrocb.

26 Qeupann

C yrpa no ropoAy norBuJ'racb o6rqeneHl{q KoruaHAy-

nur [ero] eoftcxauu, qro B cJryqae 6ecnopx4xoB raKoBbre 6yayr [oAaBJreHbr orHeM. Boficxa B aror AeHb crpeJ'rrJrr.r Ha 3sauescr[oft] rrJroulaAr.r 6. B xaHAapucxuft HapflA Ha HescroM 6unr 6porueabr nerapAu (paueHu JrorxaAb lr xaHaapu). Pora flan.noecx [oro] ro,'rKa orKasaJracb v1rlt Ha ycMHpeHHe 6ecnopn4xon, o6crpelr.na xoHur,rft Aogop [oJrr{-

rluu (panen ropo4onofi r.r ABe JrorrraAn y6urtr). I(onaaH4rap 6arannona no.rrKoBn [ux] Srcren rflxeJro paHeH e ro.uony 7.

leHepa;r Xa6anos Bbr3'BaJr B rpaAouaqar'rbcrBo KoMaHAHpoB fl a eace4agr{r, He yqacrBoBar.

orAeJIbH [nx] uacrefr ua saceAaHr.re.

27-no Oenparr

B nu4y floryqeHus cseAeH[fi, qro HeKoropbre rracrr.r softcx c yrpa Haqailv'ltpvcoeAuHflrbcfl K peBoJrroltnoHepaM, renepaJl Xa6a.ros nocJreAoBareJlbHo rrocblJlan HecKoJIbKo orpffAoB softcx c nyJreMeraMr.r AJrfl noAaBJreHI,rE BoccraBruax. Kaxae 6H.nn p$ynbrarbl MHe 6H.[o HensBecrHo. Llyecrnoaa.nacr o6ulag [oAaBJreHHocrr. B 6 qacos Beqepa fl nonyqHr nprrKasaHne or Kouan4 [yrourero] soficxaMr.t 2l

[oxpyra] nepeftru n A4urpanreficrso. TyAa xe nepeBeAegu 6urtt noficxa, n MHe npnKagaHo 6u.no rarxe orBecrlt B

A4naupanr [eficrno] H HapflA noJrurll{rr il xaHAapMos. Bcero: 6 sseoA xan4 [apuon] , 90 rrerroBeK ropoA [onux] p$ep-

sa n 80 ron [nrrx] ropoAoBbrx.- Sror HaptA HaxoAl{Jrcs

c. yrpa B rpaAoHaqaJrbcrBe H Ao pocnycKa Ha lpyroft lenr ue A4uupanreft,cr.sa Hr.rKaKr.rx Aeficrs[fi He [pou3BoAHn v

ropyueHnfi He rroJryqaJr. I4s Aararpalreftcrea ,racos s 12

Hoqr.r Bcex [epeBeJrr4 s 3r.rMHHft ,4,nopeq, a 3areM o6parHo n Alrrrupa;rr[eftcrno]. 9acos o 8 yrpa 28-ro @eepailfl Haqar'rbHrrK pe3epBa AoJroxHJr MHe, qTo lopoAoBbre 3afBLIJrr.{ eMy, qro oHH CJIbIUIaJII{ or BoI{HcKHx TILIHoB, qro re gufiru

euri4yr, Ho 4eficreoBarb opyx{HeM He 6yayr. lopo4onue ofiacarorct, qro r{x uocrlrrHeT neqarbHafl yqacrb. Ha gro e orBerr{Jr Haua;rrH [nry] pe3epBa, qro6 bn [epeAa,'r or r!{eHR ropoAoBbrM npHKa3aHr{e cJro)KHTb opyx([e H KTo x{eJtaer vArH 4ouofi, caM r ocrarocb 3Aecb. 9epes Mr.rHyr ABaAuarb q Bbruer Bo ABop lr y6equ.nca, rrro opyxne cJroxeHo, a r{g qrr HoB rroJrl{qfir.r HuKoro Her. JlouraAu xon [xux] ropoAoBbrx roxe croflJrrr oAHe. Bcrope soficxa [ocrerreHuo c cBor.rMn o$uqepamn pa3olrnncb no KagapMaM Lr cJroxtrJrn nyJreMerbr, a aprnJrJreplcrbr gaMKH or opyAufi sa (.necruuqe) Ha n.ltou1aAKe y rJraBHoro BxoAa e A4rranpanreficrso.

Buecre co uHoft ocraJrr{cb ABa MoHx noMouIHHKa, KonaaHa [np] xaHAapMc [xoro] AlrBlrsuoHa, rura6 oSaqep A.rq oco6bix ropyqeHr.rrl poruncrp l,Irnauuyc (nepene4en B rpaAoHaqaJrbcrBo r.rg MocrsH 5 ,qHefi rortry nasa4) r.r uaua.nru [ur] pe3epBa roA[oJrKoBHr.rx ,Ilesizcou. gepes ueKoropoe BpeMfl norrBr4rcfl renep [a.t] Xa6a;ros n renep [a.rr] Tsxe.nssnros. MEr neperxJrr{ criAerb a uafiHyo xorranary, a ren [epa.lu] Xa6a.rroe H TqxerrHHKoB KyAa-To Bbrrrrdrtr.

Bcxope fiofBaJracb ro/]rla pasbrcKuBaBrrrafl reH [epana] Xa6anoea H no-MoeMy gaqBJreHrllo ulr 6u,ru AocraBJreHbI B focyAapcrn [enuyrc] Ayrtly.- KorAa ]Ke Hac BbrBoAriJrr{ H3 KoMHarbr, K HaM He3aMerHo npncoeAaHriJrcfl, H renep[a"rr] Xa6a.[os. To.rna groro se 3aMeruJra. flpu noca4Ke Ha aBrotuo6u.lra utr 6u.lm o6crpulnHu, KaK MHe rroKa3ar'Iocb, H3 nyr'reMera. Tonna B [aHi.rKe craJra crpeJlflTb B pagHble croporrbr. I,Is foc [yaapcrnennoft] fiyutr s 6ul rroMeqeH B uuuucrepcr [afi] [aBlrJrboH, rAe Ao MeHq HeMeAJreHHo ]Ke BnepBble AorxJrr4 cJryxn, qTo qr.rHbr [oJrHuHLr cTpeJrsror rr3 nyJreMeroB.- llo sroMy noBoA)' Mory cKa3arb roJrbKo oAHo: B noJlriqzu [yJreMeroB He 6uJro, no [oBoAy rryneMeroB Hr.{KTo HLIqero MHe He roBopan v Hr4Karilx cgeAeHuft no. groMy Bonpocy, rroKa ff 6u.n sa coo6o4e, Ao MeHq He Aoxo,q,IiJro. llpe4cranNrr ce6e ltpr.r KaKr{x o6crosre.nrcrBax r.r 22

rto qbeMy nplrKa3aHrrlo qrrirbr rro.r]HrIHx Nrof"rrlr 6H 6Hrs eoopylKeHbr tr o6yuenn crperrffrb ri3 rryireireroB He Mory.

- fl BbrflcHl.ir, He coMHesalocb, qro no4po6uoe pacc,'reAoBan[e qro srLIM 3aHriMaJrlicb He rrepenyfalrHbie y)Ke c 26 @eepa,rn qI,IHbI llo,'ifiunt{, a raxag-.rttt6o opfaHLIgaIIIln, HI,Iqeio oSulero c rlerporpa4croi.i no,rrrr,1uefi rre lrMerorrdan. flpo nepecg'eBaHI.Ie lII,rHoB noJrarrHl{ B Api'ryrc Qopuy H BbrAarry rrM ocogHarc H rro 6ux cyrovubix B AHH peBo.rrrcrlirr{ - Hr{qero rHeHe orAaBa,r.

3roMy noBoAy HnKaKHX pacnopaxeuuil

C yrpa 25-ro @enpaJ:rfl MHoro 6u.no or4aHo rrpnKasaHue Vnpae.n [nrcureuy] irroeii xasqe;np Iaeii] riopyqrrrb rrr{HoB-

HxKy fluneqxouy exeAHeBHo, Ha ocHoBaur.m cne4eultfi,

AOCTaBJTqeMbIX [pI{CTaBaMU, COCTaBJTflTb CBOAKy BCeX [pOltcurecrer4ft AHN, qro r.{ Berocb uM Bce BpeMg Ao MoMeHTa

nepeBoAa Moero s A4uupa"rreiicreo 8. Taxul,r o6paeou, 4oHeceHlre rrpHcraBoB o rrx 4eircrBrrflx Bo BpeMq peBor'rrorlr4onHbrx gHeii ulueercff B Aer'rax rpaAouaqaJibcrBa. B gaxrroqeHue 4o6an"lrc, qro s yxe AaBaJr [oKa3aHLIq B Kar{ecrBe cBuAereJrfl n tlpean [uuafiHoft] C,reacrnen [Hofi] Konnr.rc [cvr u] 6-rc c [ero] Anped'rr, rAe uHorc 6u.irrz rr3Jro>KeHbr

lt Apyrne no4po6uocru repex{r.rroro BpeMeHlr. B) flpo noll Aet?crsHs Mofyr Aarb yKa3ariirrr ,'nrqa xa>x4srii Aelib rro HeclioJrbKy pas 6unanrurie y N{eHrr B pa3,'rrrrlHoe BpeMff AHfl II Horrr't, a r.rMeHHo: MoH tloMorquaxu, Vnpan.rr [anunfi] Kanqe.{sp [ueft] u uofi cerperapr l(yrenoe.

I @enpanr s 1917 r.

feHepa,r Maftop 6a.nx

r. fierporpa4

focyTrap [crneHHan] AyMa. Munlrcrepcx [nfi] fIasHrtoH.

iIfI4A .Ileuuurpa4a. O. 1695, On. l. A. 47.,rI. l-5.

fI o.q.uusHlrr, pyKorrucb.

t_.Cy,q," no orBera-tr A. II. Ea,rxa, eMy saAaHbr Boflpocu: l) raue uun, 2) Bo3pacr, 3) eouucroe 3BaHr{e, 4\ 4orxuocm, 5) c.nyxe6uue o6rsaunocrlr, 6) o6crorrerbcrBa apecra, 7) yuacrue B [oAaBJteH[r.r peBo,rrc[iru.

2 24 tpenpa;rr a flerporpa4e 6acrosanu 224 npeAnprrflrlrs c 214 rHc. pa6ouux, T. e. HeMnoruu 6o.nee nolonnnu pa6ovnx cro.ruI1H (57010).-Jlefi6epoe H. fL Ha

rxrypM caMo,uepxaBfir. C. 144.

3 Keaprr.rpa KoMaH,{yprqero soficxaMn oKpyra reHe-

pan-leftreuaura C. C. Xa6a,rosa 6Hra s s4auun ;l--rr.

I(onuo-aprul.nepnftcxofi 6puraau: Jlurefinufi npocnerr, 2,oKHaMrr na Bocxpecencxyrc ua6epexuyrc. Hs Hux 6ulu

rn4nn Hera n ninopar'ad Bu6oprcxofi-croponbr or A;rex-

cagApoBcKoro (Jlnreftnoro) Mocra K rropbMe <Kpecru> u

ga.lee. flocrotbKy Mocr oxpansncr, geuoucrpauru c Bu-

6oprcxoft cropoflr,r no nbAy nepeurnn Heay u no Jltref,HoMy ltpocneKry ruecrBoBatr Ha Hescxufi flpocrrexr.

a 9nnosuax oco6ux nopyrennfi nptl rpaAouaqaJlbnn-

re H. @. Axaenos ngca,r, 'rro A. fL -Ea.lx, ccEr.flarcb Ha MHoxecrBo ne6urnx B oAHHorIKy uo.nuqeficxux, yroBapusa.'r C. C. Xa6aaosa currb rro.nfi[eficrse nocrw, go ror IIO3BOIIIJT Jrr{rrrb caBoHTb: yMeHbIIIIIB BABOe TIUCJIO IIOCTOB,

BbrcraBurb Ha KaxAoM lro ABoe ropo4oanx.- AraeIros H. @. Arosxn craporo pexrrMa. C. XVI. 5 3ro coneulaHr.ie npoxoAr.rno Ha KBaprxpe C. C. Xa-

6a;rona.-,If,onpoc ren. C. C. Xa6a;rora, 22 uapra ll llaAenue qapcKoro pex(rrMa, r. I. JI., 1924. C. 186.

6 .[,neu 26 Qenpara soficra c?penrnn B ,rleMoHcrpau-

roB Ha 3uarraencxoii n,'IoqaAs, Jh.rogcrofi yn[qe, CyBopoBcKoM npocreKTe, Ha nepeceqenuu Hegcxoro nPocneKTa

n B;ra4uurpcKoro npocneKra, Ca4orofi yJIHrIbr, na6epex-

uofi Morkn. <V6urux H paneubrx B gTor AeHb HacqltrblBaror corHrMu. O6yxoocxar, Mapnuucxaa, A.nexcau4pos-

cxar, IlerponaB.rroBcKar r.r Ap. 6onbHlrllbl, a raKxe Jasa-

peTbr saBaJreHH paHeHHMIr. B uepreeqxue aocTaBJIeHo ruruoro tpynon pa6ounx, yqalqnxct, )KeHIUHH>.- Kax pyc-

cxnfi napo4 aaBoeBa.n cno6oAy. O6sop peuo.rIlortl{onnIJx

co6urrrlfi. llr., 1917. C. 8.

7 Peur u4er o BoccraHItLI 4-fi poru Sanacnoro 6a' TarboHa Jr.-rB. IIaBnoBcKoro [o.rlKa, c Koroporo Haqa,locb

BoccraHr.re flerporpaAcxoro rapHIr3oHa. I(ouan4up eroro 6ara,lrosa [o,tIKoBHHK A. H. Sxcres 6u;t y6ur AeMoHcr-

paHraMu sa Kosroureuuofi nnoIqaAu. floapo6uee crr.t.: 9epiqee B. IO. Boccrauue flasroscxoro no,lKa 26 Qeapa.rr

1917 r. ll Pa6o,tub xracc Pocct{H, ero cologHllKu rr noJllrs l9l7 roAy. /1., 1989. C. 152-177.

8 llo ieu.(ere,rrcrny H. @. Araernrosa, 25 $eapa.nr noc.reAnnfi AeHb, 3a xoropufi r A. fI. 6a;rxy nocrynulu AoHeceHHt npncraBoB, Aa I-I ro He Il3 Bcex ylactr<on. Vtporrr 26 Qenpa;ra HecKoJrbxo yqacrKoBblx ynpanaenufi yxe npexparu,'rn cyulecrBoBaHrre.,II,ueu BoccraBtune SaxBarblaa,nN, rpor*lx.rI[ u noAxHraJIIr ocTaJlbsHe no,nlqeficxne rHr{ecKrre npor}rBHl.iKri

lescrKH- AxaeMos H. @. Arouut craporo pexrarua. C. XVII-XIX. e Tar n reKcre: or BorHeHHt, A. fI. Ea.nr Hanucan

cnoro <QeepaJlb> BMecro <anpent>. llgct 7 gToro Aera npeAcraB,'rqer co6olo orlycK conpoBoAlrreJlbnoro orHolue-

uua a tlpeseuuafiuyrc c,reActneuuyrc KoMl'Iccurc or C;reAcrseHHofi- KoMlrccurr loc. 4yuu or ll alpent l9l7 r. u

9ro no3BoJrter yroqnlrrb Aary Harrucarilfl uoraganutl A. fl. ba.nxa.

2. 3AN NCKA TEHEPAJI-MAROPA A. N. 6ANKA

OE OECTO'TEJIbCTBAX APECTA Ero H HAXOAHBIIIHXC' C HIIM B AAM I{ PANTERCTB E JI Id II. l9 MAPTA 1917 r.

Konus 3AN UCKA f EHEPAJIA 6AJIKA

19.III-1917 r.

27-ro <Denpann l9l7 r. reHeparl Ea4x, reuepal BeHreuepa;l Kasaroa, urr. oQnAopO, - xauepr6p Jlucoropcxuft,

uei npn fpaionauantcine Als oco6ux nopylennfi por-

rtru'crp-HrHaUnyc H HaTIaJIbHI'IK pegepBa [oJII'IUlIil .IlesncoH HaxoALIJrLtcb IIocJIe poc[ycKa scex soficx KoMaHAyIouI'IM goftcxalvln Xa6a.[ogEill{ Irg aAMI'IpaJlreficrna, B aAMHpaJIreficrge )Ke c lreJlbro BtilxAaTb saHflrue ero Bpelraenuuu

flpaenre.nrcrBoM I,I repeAarbcfl eMy. Kor,qa B aAMI'IpaJIreftcrso flBIIJIacb roJlna, pyKoBoAnMan [paflopqliKoM I.I coJrAaraMu, c Irenblo apecroBarb reHepaJla Xa6a.nona, rpaAoHar{aJrbHHK reuepaJl Dalr u HaxoAqu{Hect c HHM JIHqa o6'nxzwrtr, Kro oHH. fpa4oHaua.nbHllK npocl{Jl flpenpoBoAHTb llx a focyaapcrBeuHylo Ayr'ry, qro II 6H.[o sblnotHeHo Ha AByx aBToMo6unnx, npnrleM Bce opyxne BrrtueyKagaHHbre .[uqa ga6raroBpeMeHno [epeAaJII,I cropoxy B aAM]Ipaareficrae, rt oHo 6ulo npno6uleso K opy]Kllrc, cJIoxeHHOMy paHr,ue ylxeAunrr4lt soficxaMH, )KaHAapMaMH il IIo.nnuneft.

Bepuo: t{.ren loc. ,[lyrrrsr H. Mapxon III

[|.f I{A Jleuunrpa4a. <0. 1695, on. 6, r,. 27, r. l. Konrc, MAIIII,IHO.ttI{Cb.

25

3. BOCnOMI,|HAHt4fl A. n. SAJIKA PI3 APXI,IBA IYBEPOBCKOTO H HCTI,ITYTA BOHHbt, PEBOJITOIU]l V MHPA (cTSHOOPA, CIUA), lg29 r.

noc/rEAHnE nfTb AHEn UAPCKO|O NETPO|PA,IA (23-28 Qenpa.ur 1917 r.) .[,neruur nocJreAHero [Ierporpa4croro fpa4oHauaJrbHHKa 23 Qenpa.tn l9l7 r.

Ha ero qncJro HHKaKrlx gJroBeqrzx vxasaHafi se 6u.no.

Haqa.rcs AeHb HopMallHo. floro4a or.tnunar coJrHequafl.

lLopos rpu noJrHoM 6eseerpull rpa4ycoo 5-6.B l0 q. yrpa, npr.rHr.rMaq AoKraAbr y ce6ff B xa6usere, craJr rroJryqarb rro re"neQony cBeAeHr.rs o6 oxusneHHorl ABri)KeHaH ua .IIureilsou u TporzqKoM Mocrax, a raKxe lro .II it refi nol:r y,r. u Hea cxo iray npbcnexry. E r,rcrpo Br,rf cHr{Jrocb, gro ABHX(eHr.ie 9To Heo6ltquoe yMbrIIIJreHuoe. llplrrara- nJIoIIIaAL,, Hencxaft, foTeJIbHbIe TIyHKTEJ: 3Haueucxafl poAcKar Ayua. B ny6laxe MHoro AaM, eilIe 6onlrue 6a6, yuanleftcr MoJroAexH H cpaBHHTeJIbHo c rrpexHr.rMrr BbrcryureHr.rrMu MaJio pa6or{Hx. KolecHoe u rpaueaftuoe AHr.rlKeHrle K 12 qacana AHq AoHecrH o ra- Hopr,{aJrbsoe.

KoM )Ke ABH)KeHnH ua llerporpa4croft Cropoue no Eo.lruloMy a KauessoocrpoBcKoMy npocneKrarra. lycrar roJr[a MeAJreHHo u cnoxoiluo ABrrrarracb rto rpoTyapaM, ox(HBJreHHO pa3roBapvBaila, cMefl,'racb rr qacaM r( AByM CrAilIi CJrbrrrrHbr gayHbrBHble IroAaBJreHHbre roJroca: x.ne6a, x.ue6a...

14 raw npoAoJrxaJrocb Becb AeHb BcroAy. Tolna rar 6u croHa,'ra: <<;r.ne6a, x;ie6a>>. flplluev Jlurla olKtiBJreHHbIe, Bece,rbre u, [o-BtrAi{MoMy, AoBoJtbHb]e ocrpoylruoli, KaK Inr KasaJrocb, au4yrvrxoft nporecra. fIo 4ox.ira4v raoeuv KoMaHAyroq [enay] eoficranau flerporpa4 [cxoro] eoenHoro oKpyra feu [epar]-Jleftr [eHaHry] Xa6a;roey o co3AaBueMcs coBeprxeHHo HeoxHAaHHOM nOJrOlKeHrrr4, B MOe pac_ nopfl)KeHae 6lr"tu 4aHn: 9-uft 3arracH [ofi] xana,repnr?ixHfi vt l-it AoHcK loft] xasau [nfi] Eprr,raxa ro,rrKr{. g-ufi no.,rr noMeu{ad'rcr B Ka3apMax s6,'rl.rs]r Taapuuecxoro,[l,soDua. I(oruaH4up

no,rxonH [ux] MaprurHon.

[oucxofi xasa,lHrl

[oJrK nocJre- rronodrrHeHrzfl Tod'rbKo uro npn6u.l n llerporpa4.

KoraaHAosaJr rroJrKoM rroJrKoBHHK Tpotuuu, BrrocJreAcrBHLI

26

6uetuuft npu fenep [ane] .II,euuKHHe pocroBcKl{M rpaAoHa'

qad'IbHI{KOM.

Aut

9-uy san [aurorrly] x [ananepr'rficxouy]

IIpHKa3aJI KpyIIHLIM paSbe3AaMI'I OtIHXIaTb OT nyonOJIKy, fl"up*pytu

II{KI{ rporyapbl Ha JinrefrHofi H HeBcKoM. I(aearu, npu HapqAax noJIHIII{n, 6u.nn nocraBJIeHbI B OnpeAeJIeHHbIX nyHKrax ropoAa. " B 2 qaca fl noexaJl e o6lesA no ropoAy. I(analepncru Aeficreosanlr gHepruqno H pasyMtto: cnoxoftHo B'besx(aJII'I Ha rporyapu n rpe6onaJln or uy6.ttn-x-ll He ocraHaBJll'IBarbcff u paixonulbcn B 6oxosbre yJIIIIIsI. Hx c.nyrua.lucb' Ho KaK ToJrbKo pa3be3A yAaJlflncfl, ceftqac x<e onqrb 3arorHqflll H cryulanucb Ha rporyapax, IIIJIII MeAJIeHHo' cnoxoftno, ruxo r.r sayHblnno nontois.nn: xne6a, xJle6a. Ha HeecxolvI Ha MoHx rJla3ax ny6lnxa 6poculacl c rporyapoB Ha cepeAu.-

Hy yJrl4llbr I{ craJla rpyrlnHpoBaTbcfl rlporl{B I opoAcKOI'I Ayoit. HaprAu ToJIHuHH rlrlerHo yroBapnBann pasoftrncl' Td.nna ece- 6onlrue pocJla I{ [IyMeJIa. Vs[Aas fioJlycorHlo Ka3aKoB Bo rJIaBe c b6nuepor,,r y KasaHcxoro co6opa, 6esvqacrHo cMorpeBIxLIMH IIO CTOpOHaM, fl BbIJIe3 I'I3 aBToMo6r.r,rq, noAoIueJI K oQHqep-v, Ha3Ba.[ ce6q tt rloKa3aJI HeMeAH pac"rreHHo KapbepoM npn6urs K Mecry cocpeAoroqeHltfl oQuuep, Opy]KHe. yrnorpe6,rxr B roJr[Y, He ceffrb AeJIO coBceM MoJroAoft, cMyqeHHo [ocMorpeJl Ha MeHfl I'I BSJIbIM roJrocoM rroAaJI KoMaHAy. Kasaxn [ocrpollJll{ B3BoAbI H rrrafoM, cKoJlbgfl no uaxatagsoft MocroBoft, ABHHyJII{cb BrrepeA.

flpoftaa HecKoJIbKo ruafoB pqAoM c HI'IMI{' fl KpI'IKHy"I: <<Kapbep>. Otfuuep [epeBeJI cBolo JIouaAb Ha <xoAy>, Ka-

3aKr.r rox(e, Ho qeM 6nuxe npu6,ruxa.nucb K ToJIne, TeM IueAJIeHHee 6ul alnnp, fi, HaKoHeI{, coBceM ocraHoBLIJIHcb.

Tolna sapeBeJla or Bocropfa, Ho He HaAo,'Iro. I'Ie Kagascxoft yJII4IlbI BbIJIeTeJI raJlonoM pa3be3A xonsoft noJIHr{rru Lr ycrpeMLIJIct Ha ronny. MrHoeeHI'Ie, I'I Bce pas6exaJ]I,ICb.

IIo ttplleeAe a lpa4onaqaJlbcrBo trlse 6ulo AoJloxe-

HO, TITO HA OTAAJICHHbIX Y.TIHUAX KYIIKH XYJIIIIAHOB II NOApocTKoB ocraHaBJI[BaIoT I.i3Bo3III{KOB rpySOBHKOB, a Ha

Bu6oprcroft cropoHe na CaucosbeBcKoM upocnexre 6u.ttt't 3aAep)Kanbr ABa rpaMBafiHux BaroHa, [pnqeM ABa oKoJIo-

ror{Hbrx r.r ABa no;luqeftcrux oQnqepa, BoABopflt nopqAoK, rroJryql.{Jrrl cepbe3Hble paHeHI.{r.-3anoAn pa6oraot...1 Kpacnux $.naron HI,IrAe He saMeqaJIocL'; af[raropoB I'I pyKoBoAl4reJreii 6ecnopn4KoB roxe He BI.IAHo. B nrore 4ua, flpnqnHa HapoAHoro ABI'I)KeHLII - HenoHflrua. Hn .[,enapTaMeHr flo,ruqun, uu OxpauHoe Or.u,e.reuue Ha MoK saupo27

cbl He MOrJIT.I yKa3aTb MOTr.rBbI BbrcTytrJleHun. IIDH BerreDHeM AoKrraAe .Hav1"rr [r_nur] oxpan [Hoio] ora [eniur.rn] iese-

pa;r-Maftop f,ro6aueB ire r{Me,rr cseleHr.rfil o6tscussuux

cryrrnBureecfl. He HcKJrnqaJrac! c.ilyuaftnocrr. Xopouran noroAa rox(e cbrrpalra po,'rb. lo.uoAa ne 6uno. Aocrarr MoxHo 6Hro sce. K xsocraM [prr-BbrxJrr{. Xne6, oxycuufi

H rrnraTeJrbuult, eu4aeaJrcr_no ll12 e. Ha qe,,roBeKa, a pa6oquu H eoricxaM no ABa. V unornx-6brJra npunaceHa My_ Ka, cyxapu. BoJrHosarx cJlyxlr, pac[pocrpaHreMbre naHr{_ KepaMLI, rrTo cKopo MyKa [epecTaHeT AOCTaBJIflTbcg, a no_ roMy HaAo AeJrarb 3alacbr cyxapefi. Bo scsxoM cJryqae, Boflpoc o Eacryrra]ouleM roJr_oAe 6u.n pa3Ayr cauofi xe ny6narofi, K coxaJIeHrIIo, He 6ee yuacrNg r{HTeJIJIUtieHrIItH, rl loryrlunacb o6qag ilalura, BbrHeceHHag KeM_To Ha vJIHuv. a 3areM xoxAeur4e H BorrJrH: <<xJle6a, x.ire6a [!]>, oveinaH6, BceM HpaBHnocl: 6u,ro npl{grHoe gaHtTKe craBHTb rroJll{: rrnro B rJrynoe H cMerrrHoe ltoJroxenrle. V raxwvt o6pasou IVIHOTHC, BNOJIHC JIOflJIbHbIE JIIOAH, A S OCO6CHHOCT}I MOJIOAexb, 6eccognareJrbHo [oAtoroBJrgJrn KpoBaBb{e co6urra, pa3brrpaBrrrHecfl B nocJreAyroqHe AHII...

flpoAoeomcrseHHbrft Borrpoc, rto npKqr,rue He[oJrHoro

KoruqecrBa AocraBJrflel\loil exe4uenHo B croJrn[y MyKrz, xorn n 6u.n HeMHoro o6ocrpeu, Ho He flpeAcraBJrflr rtpuqnn

Ans 6ecuoxoficrsa. B ropo4cxHx sanaiax HaxoAnJrcs He_ Aenruufi pe3epB {yKr.r AJrfl npoKopMJreurs 3-x rr,rH;l.nuon [HoroJ Hace.neuus 2. BoeHubre 3anacbr B cqer He rrrJru u n xt'ari_ HeM cryqae uoxno 6u"ro 6rt n I{MH Boc[oJrb3oBarbcfl.

B ouepe4xx ilplrxoAxJrocb xAarb, Ho He 6onee ,oao HLr, x KoropoMy [priBbrKJro HaceJresne. Bce sa6orH nboao_ "o"*"_ BOJTbCTBeHHOTO OpraHa, BO rJraBe KoToporo yxe ABe HeAeIH HaxoAuJrcr He rpaAonalraJrbHuK, a no naoeft ycuneHuofr n

ynopnofi _npoct6e oco6oe, BnoJrHe caMocrosreJrbHoe Jrurro, Hlrqero o6qero c fpaAoHarraJrbcrBoM He rrMerouee. n leiicr_ nure;rruuriJ C [rarcxnfi] C [onernux] Befic, Hasniq6HHrrR r ocyAapeM, IIo npeAcraBJreHuro Munzcrpa 3eM.[eAe,ruq YHTTHXA' CBOAHJIHCb K IIONYqCH1,/,]'J0^ nAU6OIIbIIICTO KOJI,'I}I-

rIecTBa BaroHoB c tr,tyxoft, KoTopaq s Hso6wnuu

HaxoAI{JIaCb

Ha ysJroBbrx craHur.rrx Anq srofi ue.nu 6u,rn - B sarope.

KoMaHAHpyeu_u MunvcrpoM 3eu.neAenus oco6ne Jrnt\a _ ?oJrKaqlt, c 6onlurnufi [oJrHoMoqng.MLt. ExeAHesHo Ang HopMaJrbHoro yAoBJrerBopeHi.tfl Heo6xo4nuo 6ulo no.nyuurl 'o6utnfi 40 saroHoe MyKr4, no, uecuorpr Ha *p"* .ju"ut BafoHhI>), TaKoBbIe, 6.naro4apx gacrorropKe, npu6una.nu c l4-ro rpeopaJrs He rroJrHEilM quc;rolr. Bazay 3anacoB MyKH

BO3MO)I(HOCTb HC YMEHbIIIATb KOTAqCCTBO NAITXA,

'BJIflJIACb H3 pesepBa r.r o)KHAaq pacxoAyr elKeqacHo, uro MzHncrp 28

flyreft Coo6ureHLrq Haila4vrr o6eulansyro pa3rpysxy ysJloBbrx craHqnfi. TelerpaMMbl [oryl{arucb co Bcex cropoH'

I{TO MYKA I{AET B 6O.NIIIIOIVT KOJII{qECTBE H qTO BOT'BOT CTO' ,rr.rqa 6y4er 3aJII{Ta uyxofi.

IIo ivroefi HHurluarrlee s I qac [on] noulr s 6orllr]oft ga-

I

ne lpaaoHaqaJlbcrBa co6paloc_l 3aceAaHtae rIoA rl-peAceAarerincrsou fen [epan]-Jleftr [euanra] Xa6arosa. VqacrBoBarH: Haqanrnl.rx lllra6a feH[epa.n] -Mariop Tsxe;llHrrKoB, florrosHnx flaueuxo, xax Kouas4up feap4ericxltx qacreft (feHepan-,IIeftteuaur tle6uxutt, ronyJlflpHbI; cPgAv rBap1rrLr, yexa,'I He3aAoJIro Ha orAblx e KucnosoAcx) (ora"a"pt: 9-ro 3anac Inoro] KaBaJI [epufic-xoro] noJIKa llo;rxoo Innx] MaprrtHoe, I(ouaIr4up Ka3aq [le-ro] -rlorKa

flolxosInuxj TpouJtHu, HauarbHI'IKI'{ goeH-[HHx] pafioHoo, a4rnotaHr ieH-epa,ra Xa6anosa JI.-fs. @uH,rmacx{oro] Ma[xennu, HaqanrH [ur] Oxpa_g [noro]-Ornonxa flopyuux fenep 4e.ir [enuxi [a.n]-Maftop -AI.IBI{3I{oHa f,ro6aqee, - Kou-aHl-[up] fenepa,r-M_[aftop] KaiaXanaaprui[crorol KoB, IloniqeftMeficrepa: Aeftcrsrrertuuft Crarcxnfi Co' fpuroplen, flo"'tBerHr,rK 3Haqroscxnfi, leu [epa.rr] -Mafiop xou [Hrar<] Cnupu4onoe, flolron [rux] Ilia,rQeen, I1o.nx [oo-Hnxi nu-e.rrr.rn, !, [eficrnurenrHufi] C [rarcruft] p [o_eeruur] Mopoxr.r, Hau [a.rrsnnx] pe3epBa flo.rrxoe Inux] Jleo_ncon, Hau [a.rrrnrax] Cucxn [oro] ot4elen [un] Cr [arcxnfi] cos [eriNx] I(npnuuuuroB, Hau Ia.nlnlrx] peuH [oli I no,rnunn fiuep[a"r]-Mafiop Haynaon, Mofi ceKperapb A. A. KyrerroB H Bce quHbr, cocroq[Iue Als oco6ux lopyr{eHufi npn

f p a4ouaua,'lbHHKe. B saqare 3aceAaHufl n o3HaKoMHJI IlpucyrcrByloru,Hx c co6ur[qMz 4Hr. flocrpaAaBllrne 6nt,rn ro.ttxo y'rloMsHyrble Bbl[re qHHbI lroJII{uLIH. Buscupt.ltocb, .ITo xasaqHli noJIK Bo Bcex cJryqaqx 6esAeftcrBoBaJl. flonxoeHnx Tpou.nuu, oqeHb cuMrrarnqHbrft u nu4epxaHHuft r{eJIoBeK, 3aflBHJI, r{To noJIK ToJrbKo qro rIo[oJIHeH. Kasaxn He oIIbITHbI s o6paureuun c rornofi H Moryr Aeftcrsogarb roJIbKo opyxueM, I'I qro JrorxaAlr y Hnx He npnyqeHbl K ropoAy. Ha nonpoc oAnoro I{3 BOCHHbIX HAI{AJIbHIIKOB, IIOqCMY KA3AKH HE PA3TOHqJi[ ToJr[y HafafiKaMu, [oJIyqHJIct AJII Bcex coBepIrIeHHo Heox<uAaHunfi orBer: <<Haraex B rIoJIKy ner>>. leu. Xa6anoe [plaKa3aJr I{3 cyMM, HaXOA'UIEXCS B ero pacnopqxeHEl,I, orrrycrurb HeMeAJIeHHo uo 50 K. Ha xa3aKa Ha o6saseAeHHC HA|ACK.

PeureHo Ha 3aBTpa eoficxal\,l 6Hrt roroeblMll no [ep,Bo-

rray rpe6onaHllro crarb s 3-te noJlox(eHl4e, T. €. 3aHrrb co-

orBercrByFoqHe fopoAcrae pafiouu. oxpaua fopoAa ocraBaJracb Ha orBercrBeHHocrH fpa4ouaualbHHKa.

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r -paAoHaqaJlbcTBa r{ BCeM, KO|O OHa KacaeTcfl, pa3ocJlaHa. Mnnncrp BHyrpeH [Hux] !,en 4o.noxun o6 e"orr,r focyaapIo. I ocyAapb 3ar.rHrepecoBaJr,cfl r-r paccMorpeJr BHr.rMare,,rb_ rro rrJrau flerporpa4a, Ha KoropoM B xpacxax 6uln naueceubr Mecra pacloroxeHlq soficx u qr{HoB [oJrnu[rr, Ao Bcryfinenrla softcx B Tperbe floJroxeHr{e. Ocra.lcq BloJrHe

AOBOJIeH, SaMeTnB, qTO B CIyqae, ecJrH HapoA ycTpeMHTCg

tto JrbAy uepes Heny, ro HnKaKr{e HapqAbr efo He yAepxar. lIo oKoHqaHHH 3aceAaH[fl pagollrJrr.Icb Bce s cnoroftHol.I Hacrpoenfir.r. V soeHHtrx 6ula noJrHafl yBepeHHocrb, qro npu BbrsoBe noficx nopsAoK 6y4er HeMeAJreHHo BoABopeH. IIpu nporuasnn feu. lro6aqee eue pas AoJrox{rir'i MHe, qTo AJIfl r{eIO COBepIUeHHO HerroHflTHa CeroAHffIIIHflfl AeMOH_ crpaqfig tr BogMoxno, lITo gaBTpa Hr]qefo N He 6yAer. Hous npouura coBepueuuo cnoxoliHo. 24 Qenpa.nn

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30

qHHbI noJlltullr paHeHbre Bqepa -500 Ha Bbl6oprcKoft cropoHe py6. noco6rzfl Ha JIeqeHI'Ie'- r{yBcrso 6,'Ianonyuuna no ro4apnoft yAoBJIerBopeHHocrn npoflBl'Ilocb Ha I{x JIIuax'

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rAe H 6y,qer o>KLIAarb rlprlxoAa ocraJlbHblx. Onu no6laroAAIUJTI4 I'I CKa3ar'II'I' IITO [pi'rAyT' HO Ha IIO€3AKy CO l'IUOfi, rorfl r.r noAraJrI(HBaJIH Apyr Apyfa, He peIUH,'I[cl. f noAosBaJI aBToMo6u,'ib, ce"'I, H, rloilpocLIB Aarb Aopory, npoexail qepe3 To,'r[y na Bu6oprcKyFo cropoHy. Hexoropue noKJIoHr.rJrHcb. Ha Bu6oprcxoft n fletporpa4croii cropone 6rt,ro cnoxoftHo. Moxno ,6u.no AylvraTb, qro npeA[o,'Iox<enze Hau [a"'rlHara] Oxp [anuoro] Or4 [e.rieuul] c6yaerca u qro uaAoe.ln. B rrpofyJlKH co croHaMr.r, xJre6a - HaceJIeHHIo, cee4eHuti He [ocry[afpa4oHauarbcrBo ro)Ke rpeBoxHblx JIO, CO3AaJIaCb BO3MOX(HOCrL, 3aHqTbCf T€I(yUIHMII AeJIaMH.

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3l

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oxpany, ro fl, B oco6euHocu c HacrynJreHr{eM cyMepeK, Ee B COCTOflHUT{ rrOAAepXr{BaTb nOpflAOK B CrOJIHqe.

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Jrucb Bce Hau [a;rrur] xn noeu [Hrrx] paftoHoB Ha saceAaHr.{e xo MHe e xa,6nuer. B sro BpeMfl fl I{MeJr Bo3MoxHocrb ocraBaflcb ryr )Ke e xa6I,tnere npHHHMarb AoKJraAbr no reKyrrIHM AeJraM. Ka6uner 6o.nruroft, pa3AeJreHHbrft apxofi, r,r Mbr Apyr Ipyfy He MeIrraJII{. Ecln fl, HaxoALrJr Hyx(HbrM, .Iro-,'rx6o 3atBHTb - rroAxoAllJr K cTony H rrpr.rHHMaI yrracTue B 3ace6aHr4r4. 3a sce BpeMfl HwKaKvx HeAopasyMeur.rft y eoilcx c TILIHaMH lro,'rnur{[ He 6u.ro. Orsoruegng ycraHoBI{JII{cb caMbre [p[IflgHeHHbre LI AoBepqIiBHe. Moq npoct6a B orAa,'reHHbIe LI rnyxHe Mecra ropoAa craBnrb BoeHHo-noJruqeficxNe nocrbl 6u.na npuurra coqyBcrBeHHo pr flo.croBbre ropoAoBbIe B OAHHOTTKy He CTOflJTI{, Ha UraBHbrX X(e yJr[UaX npo,u,o,'IxaJIH crofrb no.nnqeficxue [ocrbl, Ho B3ABoeHHbIe.

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32

llo

ncryn.neuufl eoftcx B ropoAcKne paftoHu lr BbrcraBJIeHr{r{ HMH KapayJIoB, xorq ABH)KeHHe HapoAa H 6H.ilo se-

JrIiKo, Ho 3a Becb leur oco6nx BbrcrylJreHufi 6orbue yr{ ne 6u.no.

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34

25 Qerpann

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leHepa.u Xa6aros 3a BcIo MoIo coBMecrHyl'o cJIy)Koy qCJIOBEKA AOCTYNHOTO' NDOI.I3BOAI{JI HA MCHff BICIIATJICHI'IE pi6ot"ur".o, cnoxoftHoro' He JII{[reHHoro aAMI'IHItcrparHBHofo onblra, Ho rllxoAyMa I'I 6es scgxofi cnoco6soct?I IIM[oHI4poBaTb Ha cBol]x [oAqHHeHHbIX I{' fJIaBHOe' pacflopfl-

xarbcg softcxa'Mu. Orcyrcrene reHepaJI-JI[eftreHaura] 9e6uruua' 3HaIoulefo orJIHrIHo Becb'rnap4eficruft otpuirepcxufi coctas n-e-TporpaAcKoro rapHI'I3oHa, vI 4o ropueft BoJIoc crpo-eBoro otpuriepa, yMeBlxero roBopl{Jb c co'rAaraM[ t't sogAeftctsouyncrBoBarb' Vegxaq s orBarb Ha HI{x,- AaBaJIo ce6n Lle6uxutt caM cogHaBaJI' qro nycK B KucroeoAcK' reHepaJl co trlnoft' ro,io *t* 6y4ro HecBoeBpeMeHHo' I{' npourascb SBI'ITHeMeAJIeHHO r{To TeJIerpaMMe xe nepnofi flo BODIIJI. y]Ke He AeJIa' Ho AJIfl flBrrJrcfl', cn'o crpoft t{ Aefiire[reJlbHo n apecroBaHHoro' KaqecrBe B a .nr.rutl AJIfl 3a[oJlHeHnfl' flasuJlboHa 6es roro Ao orKa3a sa6uroro Muuucrepcxoro

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IIICHHC BOCHHOTO HATIAJIbCTBA I'IMNOHHPOBATb CNJIAMII'

38

Ha eeuepueM BoeHHoM co6pannn rto 3acJryut4BaHuro AoKJraAoB Haqa.ulnrlr<oB BoeHHbrx paftouoe Bce BbrcKagaJrl.icb 3a 3Heprr4qHoe npr.rMeHeHr.re Ha SaBTpa opyxr.rff Ha BcrI-

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B 12 qacos Horrrir r 6Hn eb,rssaH cporrHo x llpeAceAarefito Cosera Muuacrpoo, K Kl{r3ro fonuquuy. Bucrpo co6panruncr, ornpaBr4rcq Ha Moxosyro. fopo4 ntruep. Ha yJrr{qax BHAHbT 61.nu noeuno-noluqeftcKue [ocrbr rr pag6e34u._Eeseerpue. HAer ua,reurrnrl cner. Bcro4y inwtna. flex<ypnuft qr.rHoBHriK HeMeAJreHHo, 6ee AoxnaAa npoBet MeHfl B KOMHary, fAe 3a croJroM yxe cr4AeJrr-r Bce MrrHfiCrpbr { Aapexrop .{enapraMeura flo;lllqun fieftcrenre.nrH'lril Crarcxnft Coseru[x A. T. Bacrnlen. OrcyrcrBoBaJr uo 6oJresHH Mopcxoft Mr{Hr.tcrp aAMHpaJt fpnroponnu. Mne 6u,ro npeAJroxeHo Mecro MexAy KHs3eM fo.ul.rqununa n BoeH_ HbrM Mr,rHncrpoM reHepa.[oM EerqeBbrM, ll cefiqac xe KHs3b lonuqnu o6parulca Ko, MHe c npeAJrox(eHneM no4po6no

AoJroxurb o reKyrqux co6rrrnqx.

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39

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CHIICKaJTH AOBepLrg CTpaHbr, Il, OCTaBagcb Ha cBolix nocTaX' HI{ B KOeM C,ryt{ae HI'lqefO He AOCTHIHeM>>.

foroc ero 6bIJI c[oKoeH. fraea cBerHJIIrcb ltcKpennocrblo fl Ao6poroft. ncrliHa. flo;lararo, uto 3aseneHl.Ie floxpoecxoro - B6ura TaftHHKe AyIxH cBoeft, Ho 6o,rruuscrBo cognaBaJrr.r oro

TaK)Ke [OHr{MaJrU, rrro cKJIaAbInarl noptQeJII{, KorAa B cTonuqe 6yHryer r{epHb, He cBoeBpeMeHHo II npecrynHo. BstngArr, BbrcKa3aHHbIe npoqllMu MHHLIcrpaMH, HLIqero oco6euroro He npeAcraBrfl,itr4. Bce, rpoue florponcxoro, rpe6ora.nu pelrrnTeJrbHux 4er?crnafi. Taxnu o6paeorra, po6KoMy renepa.ny Se.nneay r{ HepelrrurenbHoMy reHepa.rry Xa6arony npeAcraBnJracb BosMoxHocrr y6e4nrlcfl Bo Bceo6utefi [oAAepxKe roro o6pasa Aeftcreuir, Ha KoropoM oH]r ocraHoBu,{ricb K coxaJreHl{ro, To,'rbKo B Hotlb Ha 26 $enpa.'rn.

3aceAasire MHHr.rcrpoB B groM orHo[reHr.rl{ llpr{HecJro Ilo;'lb3!: ABa reHepaJIa, AaJIeKO He BOLIHCTBeHHbIe, na6pa,'rurcb sHeprnr H ocso6oAnJrltcb or crpaxa orBercrBeHHocrr{ nepeA IJ,apeu u o6ulecrsol{.

3aceAaHxe gaKoHrlr.rJrocr s 3 .raca Hoqr.r.

Bo npel,,rx Bace!,aHwfl, ABa pasa BxoAit,rr cexperapb llpeaceAarerfl Coeera MrlHucrpon H AoKJraAbrBaJI KH.rI3Io, qro f y.rxoe no re.ue$oHy xoqer roBoprrrb c fpaAoHarla.ribHIlKoN{, ua rrro KHff3b cKa3aJr: <<llepegarire lyuxoey, qro fpaAOHaqa.rIbHIlK saHflT B 3aCeAaHHU I{ OTJryqttTbCg He MOX<eT>>.

Kax nuricsr.rr'iocb B[oc!'reAcrBl.tu, lyvxon xoreJl foBopt{Tb

co MHoro ito noBoAy [pon3BeAeHuoro eroii r{oqbro apecra HeKoropbrx qr'reHoB BoeHHo-npoMbruIJreHIloro KoMHTeras.

lyuxon npr{e3xafl 4,rt aroft qeru s lpa4oHaua.nbcrBo, Ir,

g y KHs3g lo.nilqstua, gBoHItJr HecKoJIbKo pag. foluqns KHqgr AoraAbrBa,'rcR, c xaxoit ueJrblo Hrqer MeHfi

)1,3HaB, r{To

lyuroa, Ho, 'pa3AeJrflq B3rr'rrA o Heo6xoAr.rMocru apecra, He

xoreJr tto groMy rroBoAy Aorrycrnrb xo4araftcrno lylxona.

BoeuHo-npoMblrrrJreHHble KoMl,rrerbr, pyKoBoAr.Iuue fyuKoBbrM, ga nocr'reAHee BpeMfl lrpaJrIl 4noiiHyr,o poll. Cua6xas eoftcxa cHapsAaMr{, BeJru sJrocrnyro flpofiaraHAy [porI.IB CylllecrByr,oqero IIpaBHTeJrbcrBeHHoro crpofl ri crpeMI.IJrHcb gaBoeBarb cHMllarr]!o pa6ovrzx tr yJrr.rubr. HasHaqeuuuft cbe3A npeAcraBHrenefi eoenHo-irpoMbnxJreHHbrx KoMLIreroB s Mocxee ua Qenpa"nb Mecsq He 6u.n AonyureH. fyqxoe, HaAescb 4o6urrca rrpu nocpeAcrBe AaBJrenun [yMbr pa3perxeHr{fl cbesAa e llerporpaAe, KHHyJI KJrHrr, r.r

npeAcraBnrenu co6palucb sa HecKoJrbKo 4Hefi 4o 6ecnoprAKoB n flerporpa4e. Muoo 6u.nn nonyqeHbr cBeAeHHs or .IlenapraMeHTa llo.nuqua u OxpaHnoro OrAe;lesus, qro

4l

cbe3A, co6paBIxIlcb, SaIiMercf He roJlbKo cllequaJIbHbIMIl AeJIaMLI, HO Ir qUCTO IIOJII{TIAr{eCKI'IMII BO[poCaMK AHfl I',I BbIpa3r{r nepBbIM AeJIoM HeAoBepHe rlpaEll_reJlbcrBy. c'b$A lonyuren ue 6u;t. lyvxoe pBaJI n Mera,'I. Haxoueq, HaAex(Abr, cbexaBlllnxcfl onpaBAaJIHcr. PoAgsHro npltHfln ropflrlee yrracrr.{e u po6uncn, qro 25 Qenpann cbe3A 6ul ueoxug,anHO paSpelxeH, flpnqeM TIHHbI MeCTHO|O yqacTKa, He noJlyqaB oT MeHg yBeAoMJIeHLIfl O BHe3aflHOM paSpe[IeHI'IlI cbeSAa' He Aonycrll.rtll taxoeoft orKpblrb 3aceAaHI'Ie B oAHoM I'I3 Aouoe Tp,onqxoro nepeyJlKa. flox<arosarucr PoAgsHKo, I{ ror Huqero ryquero He HarrreJr, KaK rlporeJleQounponarb MHe ng6eruesnuM roJlocoM, rrro <<q ceft.Iac caM fioeAy n Tponqruft [epeyJloK I'I 3a rxnBopor nu6poury ttpt{craBa I]3 noMelqeHl{fl>.

Vlrax, c6egA orKpblJlcfl. tlro ronopuJlocb Ha cbe3Ae' He rroMHro, Ho B Ho\Ib sa 26-oe HeKoropble TIJIeHbI cteeAa tro npeAcraBJIeHHbIM AaHHbIM Mlauncrpy Buyrpennux .[le.n .[,enaprauesrou flo.rtlqnn 6ultl apecroBaHbl I'I cbesA 3axpur.

-o6paruou por'Ib Ha cbesAe IlrpaJI lsosAee. noJI- flpuPyxoeo4autyrc npo*Ae rlo ropoAy ualrnoqanacb HAfl TI.IIIII,IHA.

B fpa4ouaqaJlbcrBe panoprbl nonuuueftcrep_oB Ii cBe.-

AeHrrf Haqa,nrsnxoe Oxpaunoro 14 Cucrnoro OrAeneguft Hl.rqefo HoBofo He AaJIH.

26 Qenpatn

Aeur saqal no o6uxHoBeHI'Irc c o6leeAa. Ha y.nnqax s 60rly o6oxe.ueHufi renepa.ta Xa6aroea, pacKJleennHx 10.

JIUIIa cepbesHble' IIIoM KoJIIlqecrBe' ToJlflfrcfl KyTIKI'I becne.rHo BeceJrofo HacrpoeHuq, KaK B nepBble AHH, y)Ke Her. floroAa K coxaJleHun rlpoAo,'Ixaer 6utr npeKpacHoft. r{acoe oKoJIo Aecsrl{ c oKpaHH ropoAa np[IxJII'I AoHeceHr.rr o Har{aBlrleftcn crpe.nr6e soficx no roJIrIaM. B 12 qacy rracrr.r JL-fs. Boluscxoro noJIKa, HaxoAffIq[ecg Ha Snauencxoft n.rouraAu, orKpbIJIH oroub no Hono*ry HescKoMy, loHuapnoft H Jluroere.

Ipa4oHaua.nbcrBo craJlo ganoJlHflrbcff BcrpesoxeHuoft ny6.rruroft. B eror AeHb Bce npHeMHbIe 6amu sa1urbl Ao orKaga npocl{TeJlgMll. Heroropble HaIIyraHbI, Ho 6o.nruug-

crBo c rryBcrBoM -6urr yAoBJrerBopeHfifl: HaKoHeu-To softcxa ne-

to.ttuKo cBLIAeTeJIflMI'I yJIlIqHHx 6eso6paeuit t,t nepeIUJII{ K aKTI{BHbIM Aeftcrsnql,L

pecraJrx

llpunq O,'rr4en6ypfcKHft, 6Hsu. rpeMbep Tpenoe, unHucrpbr, rpaQr.rna Bntre, Itapcxoe Ce;lo n nporl. 3anpau[-

a

Bailn w LIHTepecoBaJII,Icb co6blrrrs,Mw. B qnc.ne Apyfllx MeHn nocerr{Jrr,r 6unu. Mocroscxnfi fpaaonarIaJIbHHK reHepaJl Peasoft-PeH6or n 6HsuI. Bapurarcxnft O6ep-llo;lllqeftuefic-

rep reHepan Meftep. Eece4yn c HI'IMI,I o [epexl{BaeMoM'

upo rocyAapcrneunuft nepeBopor He y[oMl'IHalocl. BecnoprAKI.I AA, so PoccllR I{x 3HaJIa 3a TIocJIeAHI'Ie roAbl He' MbI, MaJro, a cJIylKaIrIHe s MnHucrepcrne Bnyrpeuuux .II,en, 6u.nu Aa.neKo He I.IcrepnqHbl: npI{BbIKJII{ K HI'IM I'I tIoHI'IMa' JII;I, trro 6eS Xeprn c o6eux cropoH, KoHeqHo, ne o60ftAercg, Ho [peArroJloxeHr{e, qro eoficra B Konqe KoHuoB He lro' AaBgT BoJrHeHIie, B MbICJItx He AonycKaJII{.

Boftcxa crpeJrflJrn I,I B Apyrl4x IIyHKTax, Ho s o6qelt npI.r flepBblx BblcrpeyMepeHno. He 6uno uaAo6uocru Jrax roJrna pas6eraracr. 3aAo,rro-Ao cyMepeK B croJlflqe Ha'crynr.rJra rr{rrrnHa u oag,auuft nopsAoK. ,[,eftcreunun BoJrbrHrIeB Ha 3uaueHcxoft n,rouraAl{ BoeHHoe HalIaJIbcrBo ocTaJrocb oco6esso AoBoJrbHbrM: crpe.nr,6a [poLIgBeJIa [oAaBJlfloqee Aeftcrsue Ha roJrrrbr.

3a eecr AeHb, rro cBeAeH[sM, nocrynllBllruu o fpa4ouaqaJrbcrBo, oKagaJrrrcb y6urue paHenbre oKoJro 100, s - 50, rtvqa, cryuafino no6onluruncrBe cryr{aeB, K coxar'IeHlrlo, rraBrrrne noA Bbrcrpe.uu. Ha rpr{ Mnr'rJrr{oHa x(r.rreJrefi npoI{eHT H[rlToxguft ll.

B I I uacy HorrLI, Bo BpeMs BoeHHoro 3aceAanllfi H€o)KIr. AaHHo npuexaJr Mxn. Bn. .II,en llpororonoB. fl npone.n ero B rocrr,rHyro r.r AoJrolKr.rJr o co6urutRx. flporononoB, yAoBJrereopennurt AeftcrelEql,ru aoftcx r.r Aocrr]rHyrbrMn peeyJrbra.

TaMr.r, BbrpagriJr yAoBo,rbcrBue, qro fpa4ouauanrcrso AeftcTByeT B IOJTHOM COUTaCHLI C BOeHHbIMIT BIaCTqMI'r, n qTO sa Bce Ann o6qeft pa6oru He cJryqnJrocb HrrKaKHx HeAopasyueuuft.

Ha saceAaHr.rr.r AoKJraAbr HaqaJrbHr.rKon paftonoe Hocr{JIH ycuoxonrerruuft xapaKrep, Ho o6ulee MHeHne 6u.no: <soficKa ycraJIH>>, a HeKoropbre qacru He noryrrunn coBeprrreHHo ropaueft nzrrln, BogBparqaJrr,rcb B Ka3apMbr roJIOAHbIMI,I.

Moft 6onlruori npnare.rt 6oesoft oQuqep, KarruraH MaurKI{H, ocraBrrrufics, ea sa6oresuero rroJrKoBHnxa BecHoscxoro 12, KoMaHAHpa ganacuoro 6ara.ttoHa JI.-fe. Bonuucxoro

[oJIKa, Ha MoI{ cJroBa: <<Bo.nugqaun cetoAHg gce rlo6oga.

Jrl{cb>>,- c roprxoft ynu6xofi cKa3aJr: <<Aa, ero [paBAa, ,u,eftcrsosanl,I orJrHqHo, Ho crpaIIIHo lt3Myrlntucr, a n 4 uaca ux HaAo orrflTb [oAHHMarb. 3ro He JIerKo>>. Ton ero MHe He noupaBr{Jrcs. Cau oH Toxe 6u.rr nsHypeH AoHeJrbgr.

HaqamHr.rx Oxpauuoro OrAe.[eHHq tto cnerlHaJrbuoMy reredoqy, r{cnpocriB pa3perxeHus He npu$}r(arb c Aorna43

AOM, nepeAaJl, rrTO AericTBHr BOfiCK npOI{sBeJrI{ CeroAHt Ha BbrcTylr aB rul4x ytH eTa loulee B II eq aTJr eH Iie r.r Mo)KHo oxltAaTb,

qro 3aBrpa

_,6ecnopxgrn nofi4yr Ha y6u.ns. Ou 6u,r npar.

Korla uu 6u.nn B 3aKJrroqeHru s MHHHcrepcKoM naBlrJrborre, cod'rAarbr flpeo6paxeHcKoro [oJ'rKa paccKa3uBaJrr,r HaM, qro 26 BeqepoM pa6o.rne, Bo3Bparqarrcb rro Aor\{aM, roBopr.rJrlr HM: <<Hepr Bac AepH. MH ea Bac crapaeMcfl, a BH B Hac crpenrere. flponaAn Bbr npaxoM. 3anrpa yrpoM rto-

crruM, a noc,'re o6eAa BcraHeM ua pa6ory>.

Ilpocngen .qo 2-x qacoB Horru sa pa6oroft, s no[refl cnarb. flpoxo1r tto [p[eMHoMy saJry, s HeBoJrbHo sar]o6oBaJrcff sHNrHeft uapcrneHuoft xpacorofi A4rr,rlrpanreficxoro cKBepa u orroarr.t3HpoBaHHoro A4uilpalreftcroro urrt4rIa. Cro.rnrua c[ar'ra. I(asaaoee, orArrxana or 6eso6pasnfi nocJreAHrrx 4uefi, .nnutb y nbIJIarouIHx KocrpoB x(aJrucb H3BO3qHKH, a OKOJIO HI.IX HeIOABI{}KHO CTOffJI HeHSIvIeHHHfi crpax( ropflAKa nerep6yprcxrft ropoAoeoft.

- crapuft B 3 qaca HoqH HaA KpoBarbro sa3BoHrr!'r re;reQon. fenepa;r fno6a.ree coo6qan o noJryqeHHbrx rrM cBeAeHuqx npo 2-ofi S,rorcxuri gxunax: [peureHo] nepe6um oQuuepdg, KorAa oHH npuAyr Ha saHrrufl B Ka3apMH. flossoHnJr K Xa6a,nony: rpo6oooe Morr{aHne. BHssar x rexeQony no.ttuqerlueficrepa H MecrHoro npHcraBa, orAaJr pacnopsxeHrin H HeMeAJTeHHO IIpHKasan nplrcraBy exarb H AoJro)KHTL KoMaHAHpy aKnnax{a. Ha 4pyrofi AeHb Bo 2-rr,r QlorcroM sKHnaxe Bce 6n.to 6laro[onyrrHo. Ocyuecrnunocb Heqro xyAIrree B Apyroft souHcxoft KoMaHAe, Koropaff Ao roro cqrlra.nacr o6pasqosofi B oKpyre.

27 Senpann

B 8-r'r qacy yrpa sa3BoHHJr reneQon. 5ua yoepeu ycnbrrrrarb H3Becrafl npo 2-oft Q.norcxufi erHnax. Orue.rronelsroulee coo6uleHr.re KoMaHAripa sanacHoro 6arallosa .[.-fs.

Bo,r;rHcxoro [oJrKa, rIoJiKoBHIiKa Bucroncroro. <<l.u,e reHepaJr Xa6aros [?] u MeHff B3BonHosaHHr,rfi ro- c[pocxJr JIoc.- <Ero sAecb Her, oH erqe Ha KBaprnpe, a qro cnytln<V.re6uan KoMaHAa He xoqeT BblxoAr{rb rrg .lrocr, [?] )> 13 Ka3aprt>> la.

-

3areiu [ay3a. Cluury, noJrKoBHtrKy Bncroscxo],ty qro-To AoK!'raAbrBaror 3aAbrxarcqnMcq roJrocoM. <A eor cefiuac,npoAo"'rxan rroJrKoBHHK,- MHe AoJIoxHJIK, ,{ro 3as. Vqe6-

sofi KorraauAofi xanuraH JlaIIIxesIrs y6ur, a KoMaHAa es6yxroranacb...>

fl ueueA.nesHo coeAtrnlrlrcfl, r4 AoJroxun Muuucrpy. <<Ka-

14

cnpocl.rJl flporononoe.- <<.[lelo KoBo BaIHe MHeHIie [?1, pas ryquero 6ara'nroua ne6ynroxbMaHaa coBceM nJloxo, aa,'racb v y6wna o6pasuoeoro KoMaHAI'rpa>.

Mnuucrp HeKoropoe BpeMq Mod'tqar'l' <<fl no noBeJIeHHIo focyaapa io.urxo qio noc.tra;l n locyAapcrBenHylo Ayuy Buioqalirurlft yras o [epepblBe saceAaHaft' tho sst Ha 3To <<Ec.nn 6u ero 6u.tto cAe"raHo 3Har{I{TeJIbHo cxaxere?>> ro,'tbKo [oBpeAi{T Ae"[y>.- <Hy, nocuotpaHb[re. Tenepl pliM, tlro 60r Aact, Mox(er K Berlepy Bce H yc[oKoHTcff>>'3aKoHrrl{,'r A. A. flporonorloB. K 9-rs qacaM [pHexaJI co IIIra6ou fenepaJl Xa6anog.

5H,t sugsaH HaxoAturufics s orflycKy e llerporpaAe no,'IKoBHHK flpeo6paxeHcKoro [o,lKa A. n. Kyrenol, I'IMa KoToporo raK rporpeMeJlo B !,o6pono.irrqecroii ApIvrHu. O:r

6d,r nony,rnpen Cpearn coJlAar'npeo6paxeuqeB, KaK xpa6puii, 6nnsxo croqIrluti K HIIM o$uqep' B oxiz4aHun ero

irpH6nrrlx cocpeAoroqI4Bailv yue6Hne xouanAu__loapaeficKrrx no!'rKoB B orpsAbl, KoropblM noJIKoBHHK Kyrenon n ,[,onxeH 6H.rl noAasurs ns6yHronaBul{xct.

3a aro BpeMg cBeAeuan no,'Iyqa,'Iucb He yreulrre,tbHble.

K Bo;ruriuaM rlpucoeAaHllililcb coceAil rlo KasapMaiu: 4uToBubr, llpeo6paxeHubl I{ 2-ori canepnul't 6ara.lron. Bce SbICbIIlaJIIl Ha yJIUUbI: CTpeJIqJIIi B BO3AyX' B qHCJIe BE'IKpHxoe 6Hrtt raKlKe c,'IbIIIIHbI: <<He xoutu qeqeBnllbl)>.- Bcq 3Ta BoopylKeHHafl opAa cJIyIxaJIacb KaxAoro [poxoAlIMIIa u, u3 6oxsHl4 ortsercrBeHHocrl,I, x(axAaJla ro"'tbKo pyKoBoIure,'rs, sa cnt.IHot? Koroporo Mo)KHo 6rtno 6u yKpblTbcg.

Cxopo raxoeoit Haltre/tcfl B r'Iuqe yHrep-oQuuepa Bo;rnHcKoro rroJrKa l(upnu.rHnxoBa, a 3areM c Bu6oprcxoil croporrbr ilpnMqaJILIcb Ha astoMo6H,lsx roBaptiun-pa6oune.

TorAa KptiKH n crpe.ut6a npeKparu,'Il{cb, [epeIIrJII'I K rpa6exau no KBaprLIpaM I{ noA)KoraM. B l0-rr,r qacy xaH,u,apucxuri AHBI,tsHoH, pacno;loxeuHuft Ha rryru ABHxeHI4fl es6yHronarllllxcs r JlnrefiHotr,ty Mocry, Bo fxaBe c lopyrlxKou fIoAo6eAoBbIM I{ JIIoAbMI.I, ocraB[Ilr.Mucs cso6oAHbIMlI or HapflAoB, To)I(e npHcoe.ql.rHI{"{xcq K SyHrapnu. OxpyxHofi Cy4 nuaal. flatpoHnut? saeoA sat(BaqeH H Toxe IIO.II.oX{]KeH. ,[,,rx lreHr craJlo gcHo - MbI TepgJIH B,IIacrb.

Bussag x rereQoHy MltHttcrpa, fl Ao,'IoxIIJI eMy, tITo soerrHr.rft 6ynr 6ecnperlflTcrBellHo u 6ucrpo pa3pacraercs.

K seuepy B croJluue 6yaer [oJIHafl aHapxufl, qro Bo3,'Iafarb HaAexrbr Ha oAHoro norKoBrir.iKa Kyrenona, rax 6rr otr :nu 6n,r xpa6p n ro[yilqpen,- reriepb yxe [o3AHo. MnIIHCTp 38A3;'I BOIIpOC' qTO Telepb no MOeMy Ha[O ,(€r'I8Tb.<flpe4ynpe4urr focyAapq I{ HaAexHo oxpaHurb I{apcxylo t6

ceMbro, [oc,'ra,'r ceftqac xe B llapcKoe CeJro l(oHuyrc noJurrluro, sa croftxocrb r.r BepHocm xoeft s pyqalocb>. MnHI.Icrp orBernJr: <<3ro npexAeBpeMeHHo, K Beqepy noAoftAyr c Qpoura cBe)KI4e softcra. llpo4epxurecb drrn Bur Ao seqepa [?] , rpoAepx(r{Mcr>>.- <<Aa xpanr.rr Bac foc- <.Aa, noAn Eor. f pa1,'rro BH cnoroftHr,r>>. Sror pasronop 6n.n nocneAHxli pasroBop uofi c A. A. flporononoBbrM, KaK c

Muuucrpou.

Haxoueq, upH6un n fpa4ouauaJrbcrBo no.nxonHux I(yreloB. feHepa,n Xa6aroe o6pucoea.n fler{arbHoe noJroxeHHe, Ha3HarrnJr B erc pacnopflxeHr.re 4 yue6Hue KoMaHAbr c l2 uy.rreueraMlr I{ ilpr.rKasaJr [oAaBHTb 6ynr. lIonxoBHI.tK Kyrenon BbIcJryIIraJr MoJrqa. 3areu cKa3aJr: <<Clyruan> H ornpaBlurcs K orpflAy. Bueuruocrb efo r.r Manepa Aepx{arb qyBcrBoce6r npousBoAxJra noAKyttarcqee Blerrar,'IeH].Ie BaJrI'ICb Cnila n SHeprug. floc.ne yxoAa noJrKoBHHKa Kyrenona nacrpoeHue IIIra6a oxpeuno. Bcrope no re.neQouy HaqaJrr{ repeAaBarb o ABLIX(eHLIk OTpflAa, H K rlacy AHfl nOflyqI'IJII'ICb CBeAeHI{g, qro orprA flpoABr.rfaercs x JIurefiHoMy Mocry r.{ nepeA HI{M orxoAflr as6yuroeaellluecs qacrll, cocpeAororrLlBaflcb y locy4apcrnessoft ,(yuu. 3areu coo6uleuuq ltpeKparnJlIIcb, pt, KorAa s s 2 uaca o6parilIrcfr. K nopyqr.rKy Maqreouuy c roryqllr orser: <<noBonpocoM: <<rlro xe Kyrenoe [?] u creneHHo npoABuraercr>>. flo roHy- orBera I{ olrflTb [oHIa-

3LIBIrreMycfl HacrpoeHl.Ilo IIIra6a rroHflJr, qro oHLI caMI,I He

gHalor, rAe n qro c Kyrenonuu.

C 2-x qacoB Ans co6urur nporeKaJrx c noAaBrgroqefi 6ucrporofi. 9acos He rroMHro. flounrc ToJIbKo, qro cflyqnJrocb B fpa4ouaua.rrbcrBe Ao cyMepeK r{ qro 6uno nocre cyMepeK n A4nrupa.nreftcrBe, KyAa Mbr Bce tto [pHKa3aHI{ro reHepaJra Xa6aJrosa [eperrrJru, KaK K Mecry, rAe y4o6Hee pacnoJrararb oTpfAbr r.r 3arquqarbcq B cJryqae HanaAeHI.Ifl; qro raKoe upousofi4er, HHKTo I{g Hac He coMHeBaJIcfl.

Ha orpng noJrKoBHr.rKa Kyreuooa Bo3JrafaJrvcb Bce HaAexAbr. Ero Hey4ava npnruu6.na oKouqareJrbno sHeprrrc Xa6a.[oea. Oxo.no 3-x ,racos AHs floqBuflcs e fpaAouarrarbcrBe coBeplrreHuo pacrepqHHbrfi renepan Ee,rsee. OH yI.a[rlrltcfl, B oTAeJrbHyro KoMHary c feHepaJrorrr Xa6anosErr\,r r{ raM onr{ coBexla.nucr. tlepm HeKoropoe BpeMff Ha Mecro

sa6onesuero noJIKoBHuKa llasreHxo 6ul Ha3HaqeH H BbrsBaH reHepar 3aHxesuq. leHepana 3aHxeguqa fl sHaJr AaBHo. I(opeHuoft oQuqep.

JI.-fe. flaeroscxoro rroJrKa, a Ha eoilHe KoMaHAr{p groro xe [oJrKa, soeHHbrfi areHT B Pymunnn u Ancrpo-BeHrpnr,r, reHepaJr-KBaprnpueficrep, a B nocJIeAHHe AHLI HarlamH[r 46

reHepaJl 3agKes['{ Ae!'Ia,t 6necrqfeseDarrsoro lllra6a - HaxoAqHsHii, ytrlerculuir .6srctpo ruyFo Kapbepy. Cue.nufi, gaBoeBblBarl o6utyro ct'IMlarlrlo, nplr cpaBHI'ITerbHoI.{ MoJIo-

Aocru u 6o,ruuofi rpyAocloco6Hocrn, oH 6u.it K roMy xe u 6o.nnruoft Io,IIHTHK. Ero HasHaqeHze Ha Mecro 6onrsoro norxosnuxa flaeJIeHKo uaAo 6u.no roJIbKo npI{BercrBoBarb, Ho... rIoJIo}Keuae 6u.tto HacroJlbKo 6egnaAexHoe, qro reHepaJl 3aureBI,Iq, Ha3HaueuHHft, KaK MHofHe H TIoHuMaJII'I, He 3aMecrHTe,'reM noJrKoBHI{Ka flao.neuxo, a pyKoBoAHTeJIeM Bcerc Ae' Jra, yx(e He Mof clacrll AeJIo, a roJIbKo 6olee JIoBKo sHfirH LI3 COS.d.aBlxerocfl nOJIO)KeHHg.

He ycne,rlr eu{e KoHtIHTb coBelqarbcfl reHepaJIbI Eenges u Xa6a,ron, KaK, rlpoxoAfl no npueuHoft B xa6uHet, g K HeM a Jr o My yAr.r B JreH HIO, y Br4/.ail TIOAbI M a loulerocfl no n a p a4noIi .necrnrzue uoeft rnaprupu Benuroro KHsgq l(upu.n.na B;la'

AHMapoBHqa. 3a unu IxeJI pacreps,snuilcfl, urnefiqap. VnHAeB MeHq, Be.ui.txttft KHqst no3AopoBa,'Icfl Ii BbIpa3I'IJI xe' JraHAe rrepefoBopnrb coBeplxeHHo HaeAI{He. f npoeel Ero

BHcoqecrso HesaMerHo Arq Apyrux qepe3 3afl uoeft xnap-

TI'lpbI B MOlO Ma,'Iyo rOCTI{HyIo'

Be,raruft Kssgr, coxpaHsfl noJIHoe cnoxoficrsne, cer'I yAo6no B MflrKoe Kpec,'ro, [peA!'Io>KaJI MHe cecrb Hacy[poTHB, II pOBHbIM, OTqeT.IIIiBbIM, ?aK XOpOIIIO BCeM H3BeCTHbIM toJrocoM ero noxoftHoro orua, cnpocllJr: <<Karoso no Ba<<Boesuuft 6yur uauarcs c 8 qarrreMy roJroxeHae [? j u - He roJrbKo He rIoAaBJIeH, a c KaN(coB yrpa I.I Ao cr4x rlop Abrl,r qacoM yBeJri.iqrrBaercs>>.- <<PaeBe eoficxa LIS oKpecr<<Hacxonrro MHe HsBecrHo, tIpHHocreil He npu6u.rr.r [?] , - oHLI 6es4eficrnylor.>> <<9ro xe 6t'tno 2 gcKaApoHa, Ho LI - croJllrqa 6yaer AaJrblxe [?] , <<f no,rararo, qro HoI{bIo oKaxercrr B pyKax 6yuronururon>>.

Be"nvrxnft KHgsr gaAyMa,'rcs, a 3areM roJrocoM, no,'IHbIM ropeqE, Harlar foBopHTb:... ro 3arouqrae pagroBop, clpocn,'r: <<He gHaete JrLI, rAe re<<3Aecl Ha coBerqatilv c renepaJloM HepaJr Be.rses [?] , Xa6anoeHru>.- <<fl- xoreJr 6u ero roBuAarb. llpono4I.tre MeHff.,.>>

f npone.n Be,rrroro Kuqsq r.r MHHyr uepes l0 oH yexa!'r. fpaAona.{aJrbcrBo 6panocr c 6olo HanyragHbrnr,t o6u-

BareJrflMr{. Mou Aea [oMoxrHI.IKa r, lIr.rHoBHHKr4 Anfl, oco6ux nopyueHuft [oMoraJrr{ MHe yAoB,'rerBoptrrb npocnre.nefi. Hanpflraq Bcro cI4,'Iy Bo,'II{, [plIxoAI,IJIocb, coxpaHtg cnoxottcrBIie, roBopl{Tb o flycTflKax, IUyTIiTb I,I AeJIaTb BHA, 1ITO Be-

pr.rrxb B 6,raronpaxrHuft pesy,rbrar Ml{cclra Kyrenona, e npHxoA cBexi{x crrJr, cBe>xr{x BepHbrx eoftcx l't npoq... .47

Kaxaq-ro QpanuyxeuKa co csoefi npaclyrofi saflBJrs,ra

oSllxesHuna roHoM, rITo cetoAHff He MoD,'ra Aocrarb 6e.noro xne6a, a or qepHoro xBopaer. Ona 6una rax Hagoftrusa n BMecre c reM TaK HecqacrHa, r{To, qro6st orAeJlarbcfl, fl rrpr.rKa3a,'r npnHecril eft sa rroAuoce Qpanuyscryn 6ylxy.

Bocropr 6u.u nolHlrfi. OHa yrxJra, pacroqafl 6.naro4apHocru. Co6urnqMn oHa He r{HTepecoBaJracb. OQraqep, np[exaBuuit ro,rrxo r{To c Qpoura, y6e4r.rrelluo AoKa3brBaJr MHe, qro roJrny MoxHo pacceriBarb, 6pocar 6ou6u, pacnpocrpaHflroIrIHe AbrMoBbre 3aBecbr. Aaa oQlqepa c npecrynHbrMrr

QusuoHour.rrMlr HaxaJrbHo,re3Jrrr, rpe6yn asrgMo6xrr, Ang y6opr<lr c y,'rr4r{ paHeubrx, BHA Koropbrx nponsBoAr.rr Ayprroe BrreqarJreHr4e Ha ro,{[y. IJ,e,rr 6u.ua gcsa: agtoluo6r.url r.]N{ 6un HyxeH AJrr afnrauuu. f uanpaBr{Jr r{x x reuepany Xa-

6aloey, rlpeAynpeAHB, r{To c,'IeAyer ycraHoBI.irb I.ix JII{tIHocru. K coxa,reuuro, oHLI ge 6lt,ril apecroBaHbr rr BHoBb noflBu,rrlcb yxe no6e4HTeJ'rffMH e Mr.IHacrepcKoM flagu,tlone 29 Qeapa.na 16. fpaQuHs Bnrre 3BoHr.rr'rd no re.neQoHy, o[acaflcb sa csofi oco6Hqx 17. lpaQuHr tr4rHarreea nepeAaBa,'ia. rITo MoJIur 6ora nocJlarb MHe cHJIbI.- BHsuHtl npeMbep Tpenoa o6a4pnna,r MeHr, roBopfl, qro, gHas Moe cnoxoficrnire, oH yBepeH, qro B KoHrre KoHrloB nopr4ox 6yAeT BOCCTaHOBJTeH.

B ro xe BpeMfl npou3orrreJr rypleeHurt pa3roBop c fierporpa4crnu fopotcr<liu fo.roBoft li. 14. JIenqHosHNr. flsfistultcl s fpa4onauaJrbcrBo B xopo[reM HacrpoeHlrH, oH B OqeHE' BOX,'II{BOM TOHe H3BI{HH,'ICfl, qTO OTpbIBaeT MeHfl OT

AeJI, I{ SaflBVJr rITO TOdIIbKO IITO Ha AyMCKOM 3aCeAaHI{il pe[reHo Ece rrpoAoBoJrbcrBeHHr,re Kor{HccrrH nepeAarb Ifopogcxori] Ayue, a oH, KaK llpe4ceg,are,rr flpo4ono,'rbcrBeHsoft Kouuccr.nl, HagHarrzJr gaceAaHr4e Ha gaBTpa ua 4 uaca, TaK Bor I.I cnpatrraBaer, y4o6uo nu LJtr ]\,reHfl gro Bper{fl. fi c yAlrsreHI.IeM rrocMorpe,'I Ha Hefo, Ho, ue )KeJrafl Tepgrb BpeMs, cKaSaJI, rlro Ha3Haqeusltil rlac MeHs BII6JIIIe ycTpal.rsaer. fI. 14., no-vugr.IMoMy, ocrar'rcfl yAoB,'reTBopeHHbrM H Ao6asur, qro 3aBTpa 6yayr us6pauu npeAcraBr.treJrH ropoAcKr.rx pafiouoe or HaceJreHr.ifl H qro raKHM o6pasou rrpoAoBoJibcreeHHrrfi Bonpoc o6,re.rercs s 6o,'ree x{!rgHeHuyn Qopuy. f u c grr.rM corJracuJ'rcr, H oH, BrroJrHe AoBoJrbHurl, cepAer{Ho paclpoqaBrrrucb, yexar'r. f, xoporuo eHaa ero, He Mor gafioAo3plrrb B HeHcKpeHHocrH. Sror uelonex, KAK V. MHOrI{e B TO BpeMq, HeCOMHeHHO BepI.r,'I B BedrrHKyto, 6ecxponuyio...

Tyr xe saAo 6uno AaBarb yKagaHtfl MHofoqucr'reu-

HbrM cBoHM noAqI{HeHHbIM lr IIpaHHMaTb CporrHbre AoKJraAu. 3a Becb AeHb y MeHfl He xBarri,'ro BpeMeHH cAeJrarb 48

HecKoJrbKo [raroB, 3afiTH B CTOJIOByIO E r{eM-HIi6yAb noAKperrHrbcs.

- B ra6i-rsere MoeM npi't6unarcu1lle c AeJIaMu 6unn noliy-

pbr ri pacrepsHbl. Co6upa,roct ece 6onlttree u 6onlruee ron&qeciso oQHqepoe. HacrpoeHlle cfyuraJlocb. Haqalacl aroHxq BJracrH. PasAanllcl pblAaHus. I'IcrepuvHo nJIaKa,'I

KarrHTaH Kexcro,rrucxoro [o,'iKa: ToJIbKo qro Vqe6Haq

KOMaHAa OTKa3aJIacb BbIIIOT'IHI.ITb efo npHKa3aHI.{e.'. leuepa.n Xa6a.[os orAaJI pac[optxeHl.Ie BceM Ao cyMepex nepeftrH a A4uupa,ttefictno, rAe 6u,ru 6ecxoHe'IHHe ABOpbr H [oMelqeHLrs., a raK]Ne paclo,'Io)Kesue gAaultft tl KOpHAOpOB AaBaJIO BO3MOX(HOCrb yc[elUHO BblAep)Karb ocaAy.

f ,rnqHo [oJlyqtui irpHKa3aHIie paclycrltrb c,'Iy]Kaur[x npr.r Vnpan,reHHI.I n fpa4oHarla.rIbcrBa I{ HaxoAlirbcs -_rrptl reuepa"r-e Xa6a"'roee. fl rIpHrJIacIL,'I Vnpanlaroulero Kauqe.napnefi A. C. C. fo,roeaHoBa, cBoux noMoulHHKoB H co-

crorruux rrpu MHe I{HHoB A.ril oco6Hx rtopyrleH]lli u nepeqro6u AaJr npHKa3aHLIe o npeKpalqeHlilr sanqitlil lI o ro['I,

oHlr lrl"rn no AoMaM.- <<flpirxo4urr, ,rl.i, Barue flpenocxo4ncnpoc[,'I VnpannrrcreJrbcrBo, BaBrpa Ha 3aufrnfl [?] , - crpeJls6a ua yilllt1ax uiufi.- <<To,'tuxo B ToM c,Ilyqae, ec!'Ilr Aacr BosMolKHocrb 6esonacHo riepeMeuarrcx>. O6paur,ascb K cBotIM troMoLqHIIlial,r, 406aBLt"'t: <<A Bac, focIIoAa,,, rtpouy HaxoAi.irbcrr nprl MHe; B c,ryqae Hecqacrbs co MHolI, crapuntrt uz Bac Bcryrll{T B ticlo,'tHeHue o6sganirocreri fpa4oHarraJibsrrKa. lenepa,'r-,'reiir IeHanr] BeH4opQ n I(anaeprep ,Illrcoropc_r<ufr, ne MeAJIx HIr ceKyHAbI, eAaHoAylxHo orBeru,rtI: <<C,nyttlaeM>>. Ocra,rrglte qHHbI, cocroflurtie npI,I MHe: cr Iarcxraii] con [eruux] B. H. Cro6eyc, Cr [arcrufi] Coe [ernnx] H. O. AKaelios, porMucrp tr4rHaqllyc, 6apou

Ocres-CaxeH, rpaQ Jlancxoii u Cexperapr A. H. Kyrenoa 3AflBr4Jrrt, qro B nepexnBaeMylo MHHyry el]Ie 6o;rlrue se-

xeJrH KorAa-nu6o cqHTaFor cBoLIM Ao!'IroM ocraBaTbcfl npH lpa4ouauanbHI,tKe.

Tponyrufi ux 6,raropoAHbll\{ nopblBoM, fl oIIffTb noBTo-

pHrT, qTo B Cnyqzg Haulero Ao,rrofo BbliryxggltttOr0 OTCyT-

crBr{fl rpaAoHaqaJrbcrBo ocraHercr 6es pyronoAllre.tefi, .tto KOHCI{HO ,IITfl BCEX HAC HC}KCJATCJIbHO.

K arouy BpeMeHIi KaprHHa rlaAeHaff BJIacrH yxe BbIpr.rcoBbrBanacr. Boficxa He npornBocroflJlu 6yHronuuxau, fiepexoAu,'rr Ha rix cropoHy, B ,tyqueM cJlyqae 6esAeftcrsoearlr. C 6o,rrunucrBoM yqacrKoe re.neQonHas cBsgb npeKpararacb. Hexoropue llg HHx 6u.rru pasrpoM"'reHbl H rloAo)KX{eHbI. LIiaHsI noJIHUHH nepeoAeBa,tHcb B lurarcKoe [Jrarbe u pas6erartcb, I{ura [pllcraHHula y gHaKoMbIx.

49

Msorue HarrrJnl rpuror e focyaapcrseHHoft Ayue. Tonna BCFOAy npeCJreAOBaIra Hx: H3AeBaJraCb, 3aMyqI{BaJIa H ryT xe, HarerrrnBrrrr{cb, y6unana. I(ro pacnopsArlJrcg ttrupoKo orKpbrrb AJrs HecrracrHbrx crpaAaJrbueB ABepI{ focyAapcrsennoft .Il,yrran Ao cl.{x nop He 3Haro, Ho rlaMflrb o 6.naropoAcrBe 9Toro- qeJroBeKa HaBeKH ocraHeTct B cepAuax HAUJI,IX.

flepeu*r 6u,r pasrpa6reu n roAo)KxeH pe3epB n KBaprupa HauaJrbH'rrKa pesepBa [oJrKoBHuKa Jlenucona, Bce aro BpeMff cocrorurero npn MHe. Ou sacrpeilvJrcfl rrep$ ABe HeAe,'rH Ha MorliJre csoefi IuarepI,I Ha Cuo,nencrou x.naA6I.t-

ue. Pa6ora n npeAaHHocrb Ao,'Ify aroro o$uqepa 6u.nu I'rcK,'rrcqr.rreJrbHbr.

K Beqepy pasrpa6,reHo H coxlKeHo

OxpauHoe OrAe.nesze. Te.re$ounafl craH[uq oca)r{AaJracb, Ho noKa eule BepHag cBoeMy Ao,'rry V.re6Hag KoMaHAa

JI.- f n. IrIs N,rariroscKofo rroJrKa orcrauBa,'r a 3AaHr.re.

Mu 6u.rlr xo3qeBaMu flo,'roxeHr{fl or HeeH ao Moftru.

O co6urusx sa eroft ueprofi noryr{arr.rcb orpbrBorrHbre, cJry-

qafiHue cBeAeHl,rfl.

PacnyqeHHaa focy4apcrBeHHaff ,II,yMa Io 2-x qacoB Aus 6una [orrrn nycra. 3areu pacrepflHHbre Aenyrarbr B Korrlr{ecrBe 30-50 ireJroBeK ycrpor4Jrn 3aceAaHrle r.r ryr Ha ux r,ra3ax Haqar'IH co6uparrcn [oHeMHory cy6rexru, coBepIUeHHo lrM Heu3BecrHue. BuaqaJre oHLI po6xo 6pogunn I{ SACTCHIII-IBO CMOTPCJII-I IIO CTOPOHAM, A SATCM, OCBOHBIIIHCb I.I yBer'IAqI{BIllICb qr.ICJrOrr,I, nOrpe6OBa,'t}I OTBeCTI{ I4M OCO6Oe noMerqeHue AJrrr Mr{rr.rHfa, qro opo6ennrue Ayruqrr HeMeAJIeHHo Lt r4cfionrLrlru. Tar o6pasoea,rocb qApo H [oflyqur

xH3Hb nepauft coeer pa6oqux H coJrAarcKux AenyraroB.

llepean v3 Bor{HcKHx '{acreii, npn6exaeuan o .[yrr'ry rI 3aHffBrrras Mecro pas6exasurerocff -flpeo6palKeHcKofocrapofo KapayJra -

6wna 4 pora JI. fe. roJrKa roA KoMaH4oii cr [apuero] yn [rep-oQauepa] KpyrrroBa. OHa ocrasa-

JracF, TaM 6onee MecflIIa, oKapayJr14Baff apecroBaHHblx B MuHucrepcxorr.r llaenrloue !,yuu. I(epencxuft eceqero Ao-

Bepnrr cr [apuerr,ry I yu [ep-oQuuepy] Kpyrrooy w, rBntfl.ff,cb HHOfAa B rraBHJrbOH, IIO rrqTrr pa3 3AOpOBarCq C TOBapHUIeM Kpyr,'roouru ga pyKy H lrHrLIMHo 6eceAoear c HrrM. K neuepy soficxa r.r roJrrrbr cqLr,railv Ayrtry peAr,or{roM peBOdIIIOUIjI{ U HenpeCTaHHO BJIHBaJII,ICb B Hee.

l4tax, HaAo rrepexoAnrb n A4rr,rupa,rreftcreo. f orxpun

g.[\LrKr4 cBoero croJra c ceKperHoft nepenucxoft tt, ue crec-

Hflflcb rrocropoHHr{x, c)Kef Bce Ao nocJreAHero x.rtouxa 6yMarI{.

fl norpe6ona.n cMorpr{re,rfl s4aHvfl H cBor{x opAr4napqeB r.t npr.IKaga,'r I{M [ocJre Moero yxoAa sa[eperb fpa4o50

HAIIAJIbCTBO Ii I(OHOCHTb O BCCM CTYIIHBIXEMCfl HANPOTI"IB B A4ur.rpalreftcreo. 3areu oAeJI naJlbro I{, He 3axoAfl B cBoH

KOMHarbI, BMeCTe CO CBOI'IMIi COCIyXIIBUaMH CTaJI CrlycKarb-

cs no napaAuofi lecrnnqe. <<Barue llpeaocxo4uTe,'IbcrBo, qro AeJIarb c roroRblM cnpocuJl .naxetl. Mu 6u;lpt roJIoAHbI. fl neo6eAou [?] , Ho IIoJIKoBHHK JleellcoH AoJIo)KIIJI' BoJIbHo npI.I3aAyMaJIcg, uro reuepar Xa6a.[os co cBoHM IIIra6ou yxe yexaJII{ H HapsAbI yIxJII{. fl nocuorpeJl Ha ro,'IoAHbIe JIIt[a oKpyxarcqux a, KaK He xaJlb MHe 6Hlo t'tx, ceJI B aBToMo6n.nl.

B ropoge cJIbIIIIHa crpe;rl6a. flpoesxan MIiMo rlaMflrHr.rxa fl6rp a, o6nu3u sac saqal pa6orarr uy.ne-Irter. Kro B Koro crpeJIflJI - rpyAHo 6uno oltpeAeJllirb. Kaga.rlocr, xax 6yAro c KpbIIITH CeHara. flpu6ua o A4nanpanteficrno, ust 6u.nn HenpI.{BerJII{Bo ncrpeueuu flouounuxou Haqa.nluuxa Mopcxoro IJJra6a.

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feuepan Xa6aroe Morrlafl. Hapa4u rloHypo croflJIH Ha ABope. Ho tyr BMeIIIaJIcT renepaJl 3aHxesnq Ir yJIaAI'In AeJro: HaM flpeAocraBu.lu r.flasHHfi secrfi6lorl t-r 6ecroHe'{Hbre KopuAopu I n 2 eraxa graHr4fl, BblxoAsulero na .[leopuoByro nJroulaAb. Boensoe Ha.Iamcrso pacnoptrAI'IJlocb BBeCTr,r nexory B Kopl{Aopbr, a KoHHIluy cocpeAorollHTb Bo 4Bope MexAy capaflMu. B ero BpeMs oKoJIo 5 .Iacos nono,ryAHH npn6una K HaM llg flasroscKa B TIoJIHoM IIopsAKe roapAeficxafl sallacHas 6arapen c 52 6oesHMI'I cHaptAaMI{.

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nn, 4 yue6 [uux] rorvr [an4u] raapAeficrux sacrefi .

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B ropo4e HaxoAr.rJrucb s norr{ofi roroBnocrn K Bbrcryn-

JreHHro BoeHHbre yqlrnurqa nexorHbre: flaefloscxoe, Bra,u,n-

MHpcKoe, HaxoraescKoe r{HxeHepHoe, Mopcxofi n flaxecxnft xoplyca; apruJrr'repuficrue Muxaft,roscKoe H KoscrasTuHoBcKoe u Hirro.naeBcKoe xananepuficxoe. Bcero npu6,rusnre,rbno rrrrbrKoB 2000, opyanii 16 l.t ca6e,'rb 200. Kpoue

Toro, B soeuuori ruKo,rre uoQepoa HaxoAr{Jrocb B 6poHeoux MarrrxH. Bcero n A4uupa,rreficrse r.r B ropoAe 6u.no no uesrureii Mepe: mrbrr<oa 2900, opy4ilft 24, ca6ena 730 u 8 6poHeaux Marrrlru, He cquTafl liecKoJrbKlrx rrJKoJI trpanopUIIiKOB, paCrroJroxeHHbIX B oKpecrHocrflx.

feHepa.n Xa6a,ros Bce gro gua"'r. Ori{ocr.rreJrbHo yrlurfiul eMy roBopH.[r.r. flo,{eMy oH He Bocno,'rb3oBaJrct noMoulbn rcHoueft, pBaBrrrl.rxcg npnHgrb yqacrfle B [oAaBJreHuu 6yraTa, ocrar'rocb AJrfl MeHq coBeprrelrHo HenoHffTHbrM. Moxer 6brrl, on 6os.ncg. o6sr.{HeHLrq B npHB,'reqeHuH yrrauluxcg K noJrr.rruKe, qero Aet?ctBr.rreJ'IbHo paHblrre ncropufl He 3uaJra. Heeo,'rlHo 3aAaerxb Bonpoc, qro noqyBcrBoBaJrn 6u uuraufoBaBIrIile o ,[lyrvre, KofAa 6u ysua.[u, qro Ayua oKpyxeHa xasa.nepuefi n B 6poueabrMu MarrrHHaMH c [yrrrKaMLI H rlyJICMCTAMH.,.

Cra,'lu pasMerqarbcs s AArt{Hpa,'rreftcrne. [lra6 reneparra Xa6a,'IoBa noMecrHJ'tcq B rIepBoM STaxe Ha,'IeBo or BXo!,a. Euno AocraroqHo nae6e,ru. 14uencs ryr rxe H reJleQon. f c cBoIiMLI AByMq noMoIIrHHKaMfi, reueparoNl Kasa-

lI

Bce-Taxu npn6unrunKoBbrM, noJrKoBHHKotr4 JIesHcoHoM MH porMHcrporvr I4rHaUHycoM l'i H. O. AKaelraosHlr{ yceJlHcb

B cropone rpynnofi. H. B. Cro6eyc, orIo3AaB Ha aBroMo6r.r,rl, HecMorpfl Ha npocTyAy, To)Ke HaripaBiiJlcfl 3a HaMI{, Ho, npo6,'lyx{AaB AoJrro no AAuupanreftcrny LI He HaftAfl Hac, ro[reJl Aouofi. c sauu )Ke r]axoAl{Jrcg 6Hsulxfi IOJILIH,lreftcrep Bacu"rrescxoro ocrpoBa reHepan lan.ne, HeAaBHo Ha3HaqeHHbrft Bapruaecxnu O6ep-no.irr.ruueficrepou. XoTq oH HfiKaKOfO yqacTHfl B Aene He npHHIiMaJI, HO, IiHTepecyrcb co6urusua, Aepxancs npr-r IIIra6e renepa.na Xa6a,rosa. PacnopaxaJrcn reHepan 3aHresllv. fenepaa Xa6a,'los 6ll,r cnoxoeH u rlo o6slrgogerinlo MonI{a,'IHB. llo HsuulrarliBe reuepara 3aHxesuqa 6u,'to orAaHo pacnopsxenne nocrpourbcx ua ,U,nopqoeoft [JioIIraAII poraM Jl.-fe. flpeo6paxeHcKoro norKa, pacronox{euHblM B KagapN{ax ua Mnn,rltouuoft y,ruqel8. feuepar 3auxeanu, [tBsecrHr,lfi [onKy flo Boilue, BbrIIIe,'I K poTaM, [o3AopoBanct I{, cKa3aB HecKoirbKo cJIoB o nepe)KHBaevttx co6Htnflx, o6olien pffAbr, pa3roBapllBafl c co,ryAaralta. Poru orBernJrr.r Ha [pr.{BercrBlle H eoo6ule Aepx(afiIi ce6n AltcutlrIJIHHHpoBarruo... feuepar 3aHxesltq Bce xe raKit BbIHec BneuarEc)

r'leHne, rITo nocbrJrarb r.tx nporriB 6yHroeulnroB pHcKoBaHHo: KaK 6u He yBe!'mrrnTb pqAbr [porfiBHHKoB. Heua.no flpolxrro BpeMeHH, noKa Hanaxv,Bailvcb cuolrreHI{fl no HoBoMy reneSoHy, xorfl I,r3 fpa4oHauarbcrBa AexypHufi oKor'rororrnbrft He6pacxlrH, He flox(e,'raBrrrrift ocrasrarb ceoli nocr, Bce BpeMq yKa3brBa,'r coeAr.{HfliouluMcg Ho-

Mep Haruero HoBoro re"reQoHa. BoeHuoe Haqarucrso HaIIIJIo B or4e,rruoti KoMHare eqe oAnH re,reQoH, i,r c grofo BpeMeHr-r pa3foBopbr Be,rrHcb He B MoeM npucyrcrrnu. f To,tbxo ABa pa3a 6tt.[ eligsan x re;re$oHy: Haqa,rrnnr no>NapHoii KoMaHAbr feHepaJr JIHrsHHoe AoKJraAbrBa,'r MHe o pa3Mepax no)KapoB 3a AeHb pt s 12 qacoB uoun 4exypnuft oKo,-'roroqgblfi npu re,neQoHe AoK.{aAbIBaJr, r{To B gAaHEII fpa4oHauanbcrBa Oxo.no 7 qacos seqe- 6,rarono,nyuHo. pa npr[rer'r a A4uupa.treftcreo 6Heilrfifi KonaaH4up fnap4ei.icxoro l(opnyca leHepa,r Eeso6pasoe, rroAceJr K o6irleMy crony u, o6paularcb K reH. Xa6anoay, cnpocuJr: <Barue flpeeocxo4[TeJrbcrBo, gnaere lu Bu, rAe HaxoAr{Tcfl roJrooa 6yHronqnqecxori fuApbr [?] > feHepal Xa6a.uoB qro-ro HeBHtrFIo orBerHJI.- <<fonosa fnApbr Ha TasDr.r'{ecxofi v;ulqe, n locy,u,apcrBeHHofi Ay"e. Orpy6nre e'e r.r sarrpa n cro,[Hue Hacry[Ilr cnoKofi crBr.re>. feHepa.u Xa6a.rloe orBeruJ'r, rlro oH gHaer Ii rrocblr'Iaer orprqbr. 3areu reHepaJr Eeso6pasoa pacupouraJrcfl. rlacu rruy,rucr. OrprA He [ocbr,ralcs. Cu4r n rpecJrax, Mbr ApeMaJ'rH. lenepax Xa6a;ros co [Ura6ou neperue.n B orAenbHyro KoMHary. tlacos oKoJro l0 fenepa"r Xa6a.[og nprlrJracn,'r MeHE ri coo6IrIHJr, uro flerporpa4 o6tan.nen Ha ocaAHoM noJrox(eHrrlr. EHeruafi l"[asHHft BoeHHuft flporypop reHepal-;rerir [enaur] Maxapeuro Ha3HaqeH Mniucrpou BHyrpeHHHx Ae.r, '11o o6 sroNa vlKe [eqaraForcfl B I(aHqe"upnH Mopcxoro fllra6a o6tqsienns H rrro HaAo Hx pacx,'reurb rro ropoAy. f Ao.toxun, Lrro pacKJreuBarb o6rsnnesNr B Hacroflrqee BpeMfl MolKHo roJrbKo nplr oxpai{esI{}r pacx.ueftuluron oco6nult Bor.rHcKr.iMH HapqaaMH n qro Heo6xo4uu x.nefi n Kr.lcrg. JImAeli xe s ueueAJreHHo Ha3fiaqy. KorAa 6H.[H roroebr JrroA]i, renepaJr Xa6aros cxasaJI, qTO OXpaHeHHe AaTb He MO)KeT, a TaKX(e HeT KJIefl H rucreli.- <flycrn Baruu llo4u pas6pocalor, a fAe MoxHo cKBepa o6tqereHuq n pafione - Hai{enflr HauorpaAy Aguupa.nrericrea ,(nopqoeoii n,.touraAu)>. fl oraa.lr coorBeTCTByrOqHe rrp HKa3aHr.lfl .

Oxono 12.l12 qacoB lrorrr{ rer{epan Xa6anoB Heox(uAanHo AJIS MeHq orAa.4 pacfloprlxeHne nepefira e 3llMHHfi Asopeq lt npuforoBurL,cq K 3aulitre ero, npr.icfloco6lrn nyJreMerbr Bo BTopoM gralKe. He craxy, qro6u aro npurasa6:r

HLIe Kofo-HH6yAb yALIBHJTo HJrIr BsBoJrHoBaJro. Vcranocrl, roJroA, coH, a uraBHoe co3HaHr{e, xors o6 sroM BcJIyx He roropxJlocb, qro soficxa He xorgr aKTlrBHo Bblcrynarb H qro HarraJrbHHKt4, yxe r{yBcrByff ceoe 6eccuJrlle, BceMIi MepaMIl craparorcs orAaJrl.Irb peuarcquft MoMeHr,- Bcex yrHeTaJro...

Oqyqa.rracb ararvrfl rr uoJrHoe paBuoAyrur{e Aa)Ke x co6creeHHori yqacrn. fIoAHqrncr. Harrarr,r nponycKarb KoMaHAbr. 3arpoMbrxaJra aprr.rJrJrepr.rr. Hn rouanA, Hn pasroBopoB. Tsrocrsoe MorqaHne. Mopcxoe HarraJrbcrBo .nrc6esHo npoBO)KaJIO HaC, OqeBHAHO, paAyffCb, qTO OTAeJraJrOCb OT OnaCHux rocreft.

Benuxo.nenrafl, rvrxafl, soqr. Ha yJrr{qax peAKaq oAuHorrHafl crpe,'rb6a. Banslorcs o6rssreHl.Ifl reHepana Xa6anosa. MeAreHHo HAeM, r{ HeBoJrbHo .nrc6yerr,rca r<pacannqefi Heooft, .[,noplrou, flerpouaonoscxor? Kperrocrbro. IIpoxoxr.rx H softcx coBeprueHHo He Br.rAHo. Oxo.uo Mocra cBepHyJrH Ha[paBo no Asopqosoft ua6epexuoft. B ero BpeMs, MoJrqa, He npoqaflcb orAeJruJrcs renepaJr fan.ne u ttotrreJr no Mocry ua llerep6ypfcKytcl cropoHy. Kro-ro upoHI.IqecKIt sa Merr.rJr: <<Cnacaer urKypy>.

Bo 4aopeq BorrrJrr{ qepes noAbesA Anercan4pa II n nonaJrrlr B .na6upuur Kopr{AopoB, rAe yxe croflJrlr, cvr$eilz, a KTo H JrexaJr, Haruu softcra. OQr.ruepbr yKa3bIBaJIu Mecra HapsAaM, qacrb [oAbrMaJracb c [yJreMeraMu Ha Bropofi arax. Bce cocrosq[e ltpn reHepaJIe Xa6arone, ocraJlltcb B nepBoM gTa>l<e B AByx 6o.nrIunx KoMHarax, [oKpbITbIx

KoBpaMLr H yBerrraHHbrx KaprI{HaMIa. Msrxue AI,IBaHbI n |Ao6nue KpecJra MaHI{JrI{ K orAblxy. flogsl,Iracn HaAex(Aa, lrro, HaKoHeu-To, [epeAoxHeM r.r Hac HaKopMgr. Ho paaoua-

poBaHr.re [oJrHoe. Bcrpeua.ru Hac rrpr.rBerJrHBo roJrbKo crapbre r'raKen. 3ane4yrcEnfi 4nopqonr reHepaJr KareropnqecKlt saflBnnt,.rro 6ee pa3perxenr..rn Mnnncrpa ,Il,oopa He nycruT Hac H rpe6yer, qro6u Mbr HeMeAJreHHo yrrrJrn us .[I,oopua.

feuepa.n Xa6a.nos MoJrqaJr. lenepan 3anresu.r crar y6exAarb w o6'sscusrb noJro)Ken[e uorpeBoxeHuoMy or cHa reHepaJry. Haxose(, 6u.no nolyqeHo pagperrreHue ocrarbcfl Ha BpeMg, [oKa reHepaJl cHeceTcfl co cBoI{M HaqaJIbcTBoM. Kro-ro r{3 cJryxaqux lto cBoeMy floqrrHy rrpncJraJr roprqero qafl c x.ne6ou. Haqarcs o6ururl pa3foBop. Eu.no u ropbKo H cMerluo: a A4rrlupanreftcrse u ,(nopue Mbr flBJrfleMcs nouexofi. flo-snAnr,roMy, Ha Hac cMorpsr KaK ua o6peuenHbIx ri garueft noMoIJrLI He roJIbKo He xeJraror, a 6oatcx uatuefo rrpncyrcrBllq KaK noBoAa K orBercrBeHnocrl{ g 6yA,y-

uleu. Bc.ne4crBl,Ie cBoero 6eccurns Mbr oKa3aJrl{cb AJrr Bcex Jrr{rrrHx [e] u 4axe onauru [e] .

51

tr{.eHq eHsea.rr r re.neQoHy I'I3 I{apcxoro Ce,ra floruout-

nHr !,aopuoBoro KoMenaasra reHepaJl fporeH.- <<9ro rau

y Bac npoucxo4nt [?] , - nocJIbIIIraJIcs 6oApuft HaqaJIbHI{qecruft foJloc.- <<Bce yxe [poI'I3oIxJIo, a rellepb reHepaJl

Xa6anoe c cBoIlMId soilcraNl[ He Moxer saftrn Mecra' rAe pacnor'ro)Kr{rbcr>.- <<Mesg He 9To l4Hrepecyer. f cnpaurnfl ylusunBaro, Hacryrrr4Jr Jrr4 y)Ke IIopflAoK B fopoAe [?]u cooblrITo cepbe3Hocrl'l He IroHI{Maer fporen reHepar'I cfl, rult. fl BKparlre o6tqcnlul. Ton ero nepeMeHI'IJIcq.- <<fl Bac

noflpottry,- npoAoJI>Kar'I oH,- yrpoM cBo-eBpeMeHHo coo6-

rlrl.trb MHe, ecJILI ToJInbI Ha[paBqrcg e L{apcxoe Ce.no>>'f onqrl pa3bfcHI{JI reHepaJly, lITo tro,rlluliill Ha Mecrax yxe Her, yqacrKlr pagrpoM,'IeHu, releQoHHax cBg3b orcyrcrByer LI r{To Aaxe soficKaMu, HaxoAflurllMl'{cfl rlpl,t feHepaJle Xa6anoee, pac[opsxarbcfl oH He peuraercr.- <<9ro x<e Aa,'rbrxe 6yAer?>>,- o6ecnoroenHblM lo,tocoM crrpocIiJI reHepaJr.- <<Ec;ru He rpI.IAyr K yrpy BepHbIe noficra,- 6yaer i<oneq Ilapcxoli Pocclln, raKoBo Moe MHeHI{e. Bce-taxx neperoBopl{re c reHepaJIoM Xa6a.rlosbIM.>> - CreAcrelreM pa3roBopa reHepa.na lporeHa c reHepaJloM Xa6a.roeura 6uno npuxasaHne I(orraan4upy xan4 [apucxonol 4aeus [nona] HeMeAJIeHHo orrlpaBlirbcff c AI'IBI'I3IIoHoM e IJ,apcxoe Ceno s pacrloJlo)KeHI're !,nop[oBoro KouesAaHTa AJrfl, HeceHLIfl pa3BeAbIBarelrsoft c.nyx6u. leuepan Kagaxoe AoJIox{I{JI, qro JIIoAH I{ JIoIITaAII cyrKI'I HI'IqE|O HC CJIU, TAK KAK KA3APMbI AHBLISLTOHA I{3 tIHCflA IICP.

sHx 6b,urlr saHffTbI 6ynroauluxarraa. I(poue roro, JIoIxaAI{ He IIOAKOBaHbI Ha OCTpbIe IIII{nbI, I'MTO B TaKOM COCTOSHLIH

pa3BeAbrBarer'rbHyr,o c.nyx6y, npoftas 25 oepcr, AIrBI'I3IIoH

HecrLI He Mox(er. fenepan Xa6a.[oe BbIc,'Iy[IaJI H He HacralrBar'r. llpn6.nzstzteJlbHo qepes qac Ha[Iefo npe6nnannx so .[,eopue 6u,no nolyrleHo npvKa3aHl{e or HMeHlI BeluKofo I(Hnsr MHxau.na A;rercan4poBnqa, npn6usurero ToJrbKo rrro Bo .[,nopeu, BbrBecrl{ Lrs ,[nopua HapflAbl. Vsursne rroJluoe. Kyaa narN. fl rIpeAJIoxL{JI 3aHfrb flerponaeloBcKylo Kperlocrb H TaM orcl{xnBarbcn, o)KlrAafl noAxoAa softcx.

Oreer: B Kpenocra rapHLIsoH roxe 6rltsox x 6ynry.

Peureuo oilrrrb BosBpaularlcs s AAl\.Irpa.ureficrno. IIInU TeM xe nyreM. Mopos Kpelqa,'I. B A4r'rnpanteftcree, nocJle xopono Haro[JrerrHbrx ABopuoBblx [oMeureHufi, 6nlo xoJroAHo r.r HeyrorHo. 3au;In B KaKylo-ro MaJIeHbKyto KoMHaTy, yceJlHcb Ha cTyJlbff, CKJIOHHJII,I TOJIOBbI Ha CTOJIbI I{ 3a-

.rI,peMaJrr{. leHepa.rr Xa6a,rros co [IIra6ona pacnoJloxl{JII{cb oTAe,IIbHO.

Er,In e HaqaJIe 5-Hft .Iac HotIH.

28 $eupanr

B 8-onl qacy yrpa rroJrKoBHr.rK JlesucoH BsBoJrHoBaHHo

Ao,'roxH,'I, .rro, nblfi4R npoBepfiTb HapgAhr, oH K yAr4BJreHL.Ito cBoeMy yBHAeJI, KaK BOHHCKLIe qLIHbI CK,'IaAbtBaIOT B Kyqy opy)Kr.re H 3areM crpoeM npu oQurrepax pacxoAercq rto Ka-

sapMaM. BufiAs B KopuAop, a y6e4u.ncx or cnetuarlux K

CBOLIM qaCTtM OSuqepOn, .ITO OHH nod'ryqu,'il{ npgKa3aur.re

cJrolKHTb opyx{lre r.i BecTri cBolt qacTLi no KaSapMarra. B c,ry-

riae lipoMeA!'reHnfl rapuusoH flerponae.uoecxoii Kpefiocrn orr{poer apuin,repuficxilri orout no A4ulrpalreficrny. leHepaJra Xa,6a,roea BHAHo ue 6u,ro. f. npwwasan Ha.r lanrHuxy] pes [epea] o6tsgrrs qHHaM IIO!'lItUufi, IITO, BBIIAy pOCnyCKa BOftCK, OHI,I TaK)Ke CSO6OAHI'1.

Moryr, npucoeAlrHnBtrr]rcb x soiicxal,r, HATrr B ytracrKlr H no cBolrM r{BapTHpaM, aro rix Ae,ro. Bce opyxr4e AoJrx*tbr cJIO)KliTb B Te X{e MeCTa, rAe CKJTaAbIBa}OT BOr.rHCKrre lIaCTLr. fl ocrarccl 3,u,ecb, Ho HHKoro c co6ofi He cBfl3brBalo, TaK I{aK He coMHeBarocb, qro c Mlrnyrrr Ha Mr{Hyry 6yay n rycueM

cryqae apecroBaH. tlepes 20 uurryr fl crrycrr.rJrcs Bo ABop.

JlouraAn 6es ,rrcAefi cros,'irr fo.rroAHbre, fioHypg ronosbl. .[.ne 6u.rrtt y6urbr IrraJrbHbrMr.r ny.rrrr{}r. Hapagon Bo ABope y}Ke He 6uro BriLHo. B uanHolr BxoAe c !,eopuonofi nnoru,a;r.n aprLL'IJrepHcrbl Tarqr.rr'ru rr cBa,'rrrBaJtlr n o6utylo Kyqy llo-

c"reAHlie opy4uiinue 3aMKH. llorxogHllx-aprirJrJrepucr o6parllJrcfl x croqgmeli ryr )Ke B crpolo, roqHo upn norpe6eHrzr.r, KoMaHAe c perrblo. fo;rocorr,t c HapbrBoM, onr{paficb Ha Kocrbl'rb, oH craparcfl rrro-ro o6rqcHr.Irs coJIAaraM rr eHr?rlt rr3 TfffocrHofo [o,rro)r(eHvs. f nocnerulrn yfiru noAaJrbtrre or aroft yxacuofi cuesu.

I(ro-ro cKasair, .rro 3anegyrourur? [oMeureHr.reM norpe6onan oceo6oAurr Bce 3aHrrMaeMbre HaMr.r KoMHarbr; HaM xe flpeAocraB,'rflerct HaBepxy qaiiHaq KoMHara. lloAr,ntaagcr HaBepx, I{3 oKHa yBHAeJr, rax 6arapen n rropflAKe, npn o$aqepax, BbrrqfllBadrracb LI3 Bopor A4rrarapanreficrsa. Hapoaa Ha [JroulaAu 6nro eure MaJro. floAorue.n

flouousux HarIa!'rbHHKa [Ira6a H ,rro6esHHM ToHoM nepeAad'r MHe ri reHepaJry Xa6arony rpufJraureHr.re Ha qail x HaqaJrbHHKy Illra6a Agranpany Cre(esro. flocuorpen Ha COBEPIUCHHO I43TOJIOAABUHXCS COCJIYXI,IBIIEB, fl CTIPOCHI'I: <<A uoux corpyAHaKoB npurJralxeHne Kacaercg?>> <<K co- BMec)KaJreHi.trc, cTodloBafl H. T. ir,rana H He Mo)KeT Bcex TI,ITb>>.

Zg,rH npxurr'rocb na rrporLIBono,'roxHuft KoHeq A4rraupan-

reftcrea K naMsrHl.rKy llerpa. fII.nH naor,{a. lloxa Bo ABooo

pax eule 6u.n nopa4or. Aguupa,r CteqeHxo I{ ero cynpyra npuHfl"'Iu Hac orlenb .llrc6esHo H Aaxe ylacr.nuno. HaKOHeU, HaITIJIIICb ,'IrOAn, He 6oqqHecff Halrlero npllcyrcTBllff'

B lta,reHt,xofi xotvlsare, BbIXOAgilIeft OXsaun Bo ABOp' CTOI,'I lranesrrxft croJ'I, HaKpblrufi Ha llrecrb npr'r6opon. flocrossHofi cro,{oeoii eocnort3oBarbcfl 6u;to nell3n - SaJIeraJII'I nyru. flpucyrcrBoBaJla eue oAHa AaMa - aHrrHrIaHKa' xeui uopixoio o$rzqepa. Osa Bce BpeMfl oqeHb no4po6no paccKa3blBaJIa c CLIJIbHbIM aKIIeHTOM, HI'ICKOJIbKO He BOJIHyrcb, o HanaAeHI{u npournoii HotIbIo Ha oreJlb A-cropul'o,

rAe oHa npo)KHBa,'Ia. To.nnn Boopy)KeHHux, 6oniluefi rracrblo fibqHblx coJIAar, MarpocoB H eBpeeB BpblBa,'Illcb B HoMepa, npoBepsJll{ AoKyMeHrbI , orlnpanw, opyxue y o$ilIlepoB, nonyrHo KpaJII{, rITO MOTJIH, II TaK [poAoJlxaJlocb BCIO HOqb.

Kax sn fipuqrno 6u.no rocreflplll{McrBo 4o6pux .ltrcAeft I{ KaK He cooeo6pa3eH H HHTepeceH 6ul paccxa3 aHr"'IH-

qaHKH, Ho HaAo 6rr.no eosepau,arbcfl ua no6uoe uecro. flo-

6larog,apue, r ornpaBHrcq o6parHo. lenepan Xa6a"ron, I\{oJqa, KaK aBToMar, He orcraBaJl or MeHg. tlyecrnona-

JIOCb, qTO nOJIO)KeHI'le CU,'rbHO yXyAIXIIJIOCb: yJIHUa, y3HaB

o pocnycKe aoficr, xosqllHltqana yxe HerlocpeAcrBeHHo y

Ag,uupa.nreficrea. Cruua,rucs paAocruue KpHKH: <<YP&>>,nanr6a rrrdra BoBcFo. llynu ure,rKa,rll tro KpbIIIIaM H no ABopy. ,Ilouaarr BCe yx(e 6HrrI sErseAeubr r{ Ha HrIx rapIIeBaJIH rro nrroulaAH KaKr.re-ro uyftxH. Hs eopor 6pocu,ncx Ko MFIe

c lrcKa3nBrrrr{Mcr or crpaxa Jrr{rloM rarofi-ro qeJroBeK c

KprrKor\r: <<crracHTe MeHff, Baure flpenocxo4nTeJrbcrBo>>.

Orre,rounegHuft n He [oHIIMaf, B qeM Ae,'Io, cflpocun: <<Kro Blr raxofi u xro Bana yrpoxaer?..>> ,rfl x(aHAapMcxafi o0uqep r.rs HapqAa... cnacarocb - OHH eABa He pacrep3a,'rr{ MeHfl... g cnpflTaJlcfl oT -TOJInbI... r{ ABopHrrKy... oH AaJr MHe rrlanKy rr [ar'rbro... oHu ceftqac <<Ecnu Bac BopByrcff [r rrpHKoHqaT MeHq... ctracr{Te...>> - Cnacaftrecr, yBHArr co ruuofi B raKoM BHAe 6yaer nJroxo. noxa ceo6oAeH exle BbrxoA n-sarepnftrecb B roJrne.>> flepeo4eruil oQnqep, He roBopfl Hr.r cJroBa, 6pocH.ncn n eopora.

Coc.ryx<HeqeB cBollx 3acraJr e nycroft qaiisoii KoMHare, 3aBeAylou[fi qafi,nofi eilre He rrpHrrre!'r, oHri cuAe.{n 3a rrycTbrMi.r croJraMil 14 garJryrrraJrr{ foJroA flannpocaMu. CosHaBar, qro KoHerI Haur 6.ultsoK, q [peAro]KLIJT IIM pa3opy)KHTbcfl, cJIoxHB n o6ulyto Kyr{y opyx{IIe, l.r o)KI.IAarl csoeli yqacrH. Conerosa,'r raKx(e reM B oco6essocru, KTo He B nonuueftcxofi Qoprr,re, norlblrarbcff npo6parrcr Aorraofi. HuKTo He rloxe!'raJr. Bce ocranacb, LI MbI, cJloxlrB opyxue, 57

orrflTb yceJrucb B qaftHofr, Ha rperbeM 3raxe. 3a Halau sce BpeMfl xoAIrJIr{, Morqa reHepa,'I Xa6a.rrog u HaqarrgnK ero

lllra6a.

H. O. AraeMos Bbl[rer c qe,'Ibro Kynlirb AJIfl Hac npoHac yxe He sacrar. Bce AyKrbr, Ho KorAa Bo3BparuJrcfl ocrar'rbubre, a r.rMeHHo, feHepaJr -Bengoptp fi TIoJIKoBHHx JIeBI.IcoH, ren. KasaxoB, KaMeprep JIucoropcxuft, porMI.Icrp HrHaquyc n A4ir,rHpa.rreftcrse. Hauarucr pae- ocraJrr{cb roBopbr: ,qo6yLer nu AraeuoB eAy I.{ npolrycrflr JII{ ero K Haru. VsuHI4fl He 6uro: Ha JrroAex tI cMeprb KpacHa. Ilpour.uo MI{Hyr 20 Ir BApyr... IIIyU roJIlbI Bo ABope, roIIoT MHOrIIX HOr IIO IIIIIpOKHM LI OTJIO|I'IM JIeCTHI'IIIaM I{ KpriKr4 : <<,[,a.nrrue... Bbrrre... 6ert cnAa... KyAa cnpsraJll{cb.>> LI ronna BopBaJlacb LI sarIoJIHI-IJIa BcIo KoMHary. MH scraJru. I4s rornH BbrAeJrLIJrLIcb rpli Qurypu: [panoplquK B crpe.nxonorl Qoprvre: rlbflHoe, cugoe, oAyrJIoBaroe JIl{uo, Becb B npbrurax, rJla3a, san,IIbIBIIIue B xl{py. B pyxax 4epxan 6o.nrruoft uaysep, xoropuft oH nooqepeAHo HaBoAITJI B ynop Ha uaurn $ueuoHoMHI,I. OAer 6u;l no Qopue Bo Bce coBceM MoJIoAeHbHoBoe [oxoAHoe cHapsx(eHl.Ie. .tlpyroft - HexHbIM uBeroM xuft co,rAarullKa, 6erufi, c [peKpacHblM Jruua, ?oxe oAer xopouo, Ho He no Qopue, B paccrerHyToM uaJrbro c KpacHbIMH IIoroHaMH I'I Bblflyurauu. Eun nrqH. B pyKax Aepx<aJI o6naxeHHyto oQnuepcKylo ltralxKy c aHHeHCKHM TeMJISKOM, CTpaUIHO paSMaXHBaJI elo HaA HaIII{MrI TOJIOBaMH Ir nO BpeMeHaM AeJIaJI BI{A' 1ITO XOqeT 3aKoJrorb nac. Kpnual on 6o,rlrue Bcex H ynHBaJIcfl poJlblo BoxAfl BoccraBlrlefo HapoAa. MeN4y grIlMI{ AByMff cronJla BCe BpeMg MeJIaHxoJIItlIHo, coBceM cMI'IpHat c npoceAbK) 6a6a. 5u.na orlorcaHa rloBepx AJIHHHoTo naJlbro ruauroft Ha HOBOM IXLIpOKOM peMHe. <<A Asxb ryr npoMex( sac Xo-6aaa-JIoB>,- 3aopaJl coJIAarHrrrKo, pa3MaxlrBafl uraruxofi . npa[opquK It HaBeJI Ha <<fAe Xo6aros?>> - [oBropI{JI MeHr peBoJrbBep. <<feuepa.u Xa6aros 6u.n c HaMn, Ho HeAaBHo yIrIeJI, a KyAa He 3HaIO>>,- OTBeTHJT A. .ileftcrnnreJlbHo, Xa6a.[os [epeA- TeM, KaK BopBaJlacb ToJI'na, Hcqe3. lIrqHHe coJrAarLIIIIKo H rlpaflopulliK, BbITapauI[B rJla3a, cMorpeJrr4 rpo3Ho Ha MeHf H He ycleJII{ eule pa3I'IHyTb prbl, KaK fl rpoMKo, t{To6r,l Bcff ToJIrIa ycJIbIIIraJIa, cKa3aJI: <<A gor

n lpa4ouauaJrbHltK. Apecryftre MeHfl H BeAlIre B AyMy>,t.l [olxeJr BnepeA LIs KoMHarbI. Mne AaJIH Aopory, pasAaJlr.rcb KpHKr.r paAocrn, LI BCf TOJIna 6pOCluacl ga unoft.

Kro-ro KpLIKHyJI: <<HaAo oro6part or HI{x opyxHe>.- <Bor 58

Halle opyxtre),- yKa3aa g Ha Kyqy BI'IHToBoK' K CqacTbto Ao cr{x IIop eue JlexaBlxylo B KopnAope. f 6ucipo crycKaJlcfl tto JIecrHHIlaM. Bce cocJlyx(HBllbl MOH, He OTCTaBag, AepxaJll{cb BMeCTe.

lenepa.n Xa6aJros B KopIrAope He3aMerHo npI,tcoeAI'I' il nau. EolluI'IHcrBo Il3 ToJInbI yBJIeKJIocb pae6o-

""n"" poMcBaJIeHHoroBHecKoJIbKI.IxMecTaxopyxl.tflI.IHaqaJ'II,I OTCTABATb OT HAC.

Eucrpo npofiln r 6nuxsllu BoporaM K cropoHe aAMI'Ipa.rrreftcrioro cKBepa, qro rIporl{B Ipa4ouauanbcrBa, MbI gaBepHyJIIi HaJIeBo H 3Aecb Hac ocraHogunn. CrosJIo ABa

rpoMaAHbIX rpysoBHKa-n.rrarQopIrau. <<B.[esaftTe>>'- 3aAaqa n-e lts drrerKHx. Hanpnrax ycr4Jrrrfl, ff BJIeS H ceJI pflAoM c uoQeporr,r. leuepa;I-neftr. BeH4opQ nourennoro Bo3pacra

ioo. sso6parrcn. C pyraHln ri4xo.tllr<o Alo)Kl{x napHeft

"" urBblpHyan ero Ha MoI'I KoJIeHu. Ocralrnble IIoMecTHJII'Icb

xoe-rax na n;rarQopMe c3aAI'I sac. To;lna rororaJla' pyra-

JIa Hac, Kpllr{ara: <<ypa>.

IIIoQep AaJI xoA. fpyeonnx pBaHyJI I{ cpa3y HaJIereJI HA IIYTYHHYrc TYTT 6Y, BbIBOPOTHJI CC' HO CAM I'ICNOPTI'IJICS' H, HecMorpfl Ha Bce ycI'IJlHs paccBl'Ipe[eBlrlero ruo$epa, ue

,q,BI{faJICfl C MeCTa.

B ero BpeMfl ultuo lpa4onaqaJlbcrBa us fopoxonoft yJrurlbr BblcKoqltr astoMo6lulr s orKpbIJI crpe;rr6y I'I3 nyieuera. Oxpyxanruylo Hac roJl[y oxBarHJIa naulxa. Bce 6pocu,rncl Ha 3eMJIIo I.I Har{aJlacb 6ecnopn4ouHafl crpeJlb6-a eo Bce cropouu. f,ctto I'I renepb TIoMHI'o nourenuyn Qnrypy Myx(HKa, cTapHKa B BaJIeHKax, cTaBllrero IIo npaBI'I' JIaM Ha OAHO KOJIeHO I'I H3 BCeX CI'IJI CTapaBllrerocq SaptAHTb

BLTHTOBKy, HO IO-BI'IALIMOMy, CIICTeMa OKaSaJIaCb eMy H$Ha-

xouoft [r oH Bepren BI'IHToBKy Bo Bce cropoHbl,- TaK_I'I He

BbrcrpeJIHJI. B6"rHsH MeHr, csaAIi pa3AaJlcfl BbIcrpeJI. f uorryBcrBoBan crpylo relJlofo Bo3Ayxa cnpaBa. <<focnoAu, xorr 6n cxopefi npHKoHqIIJII{>,- lly6oxo BSAoxHyB, cKa3aJI no,rrKoBHI.IK JIeeHCoH I,I KperIKo rIpPIxaJIcfl Ko MHe. En.uu cJIbIITIHbI CTOHbI, pylareJlbcTBa.

Crpenr6a [poAoJrxaJlacb MHHyrbI Ase. Haxoueq, crpe.rrsronrufi aeroMo6Irrl flpocKorlLIr AaJIbIIIe. Tolna ceftqac

xe noycfloKol4nacb.

<<V6upafrrecb K rleprnM, MaIIII,IHa HclropruJlacr!>>

KpIIK-

- Apynyn ruo<pep. C soslvloxnoft 6ucrporoft, ltoMorafl Apyr cocKoql,IJrll MbI C rpysoBlrKa. ry, - Ha aropoM rpy3oBl.{Ke, rAe y)Ke cLIAeJII'I reH. Xa6anos, Tsxe.[rHaros u Jlucoropcrnft, Mecra xBarI'IJIo roJIbKo res. BesAoprpy. fpysoBuK rpoHyJlcff ro Heecxotrly, a MbI 59

ocraJlllcb croflTb. flo.noxeuHe HeBa)xnoe. K ccacrtrc To.rlna, e[re ouaJreBtrrat or_ nepecrpeJrKr.r, He oco6eguo o6paqana Ha HaC BHr.rMaH[e. fl XpuxHyn, uHy, ecJrr{ HeT aerOl.rO6E,rX,

BeAHre Hac B Ayrrry nopflAKoM>. fl 6ucrpo no- neunM IrIeJr, xeJrax Hs6erHyrr Hencroro, ua .llnopqoByro rrJro_ qaAb. Hecxo.nsxo Boopyx(eHrrbrx qer'roBeK oKpyxll,ru Hac,

I.r Mbr BbrrrrJru Ha noBopor x .U,aopuoBoMy Moary. 34ecr ua HaIUe cqacrbe HarKHyJrHcb Ha anrouo6H;lt c uacrHoft ny6_ nuxoia. Haruu KoHBor{pbr, Koropbrx He oco6esuo pa4ond,tra nepcrreKruBa HATH nerrrKoM Aa.neruli nyrl, 6uclpo BblcaAHJrr.{ raccaxrpoB u KpHKHyJrrr Hara: <<Xfieo caAncb [l]>. fl ceJI Ha i,'raBHoe MecTo, pqAoM co tvuroii [oMecTl]Jtcg feHe-

paJI I(asaxoe, caAeste 6u,ro HcfloprleHo, I,r Mbr cHAeJltr rlorrrlr Hzt Aue Ky3oBa. flporuo, d'ru(oM K HaM, Ha KaKlrx-To TIOKaX, nO-BI.iAHMOMy, C npoAoBoJIbCTBHeM, yce/'[tcb IoJIK. .Ileeltcou H porM. I4ruauuyc. AeroNro6finr o6,'renu,'ru corAarbr r{ qacrHbre .nui{a. PsAou co ir,ruofi Ha rroAHox(Ke crog,'I coJrAar, BbrcoKo rroAbrr\4afl H norprcag pyxbeM. Bce crpeJrsJ[r BBepx, Kpfiqarr]r <<ypa>> H Maxailrl Opyx(r{eM HaA Ha_ nIHMH rod'roBaMli. Co.ngar, crogsutnli oKo,lo MeHg, nbITaJIcg Bce BpeMfl esgru Ha ce6s po,'rb pyKoBoAnrerq. OH HeHcroBo gpan: <<ToBapbrrrrbr. ,[,a Hecrupu,rtfirax, Hg crbrpbrns.firs. Beperuru-x rrarpoHbr. OHu uau euo npbrxoAflrcfl)>.

Ero Ma.rro cJryrrraJrH. KpHxu ll crpe.l16a npo4o,rxanacu Bce BpeMfl. Buexa.uu ua ,[,nopuonyn Ha6epe]KHyro, florrrtr rrycrbrHHylo, lr [orrrJrH 6ucrpsru xoAoM Mr.rMo rpaHArro3Ho-crporoli JrHHnr4 ABopuoB. Baxrepu H ABopHHKH, MoJ{qa a COqyBCTBeHHO, KaK MHe Ka3ar'lOCb, CMOTped'tI.t Ha HaC. fl noqrz xaxAuii AeHb e3Ar.rJr sa6epexsoft. u ouu sga,{ri MeHs B JIHI{o. y 3suuero [aopqa HaBcrperry HaM rxJrg LBa asr.nzftcxux oQrqepa. O4noro q 3Hafi xopouo n .nuqo, @aMr{JrHro sa6u.l, Ho Qrlrypy ero, ueo6trvHo AJrr.rHHyro H noA)Kapyrc, 3HaJr KaxAuii, Kro 6Hsar u AcropHlr. Tax eor sror oQuqep cnoeo6pa3Ho npnBercrBoBaJr uac. Os ocraHOBI,IJTCfl, noBepHyrcq K HaM JTHTIOM, sacyHyJr pyKH B KapMaHbr, u npuru6aacb Ha3aA Bo Bce cBoe AJTHHHoe ryJIOBr.rule, pa3pa3r.r,Jrcfl rpoMKHM XOXOTOM, a IIOTOM qTO-TO KpI.{qaJI_r{ yKa3brBaJr Ha Hac nad'rblleM. B ero BpeMfl por-

Mucrp lrlruaqnyc, Bcefo rpr.t AHs Ha3aA HasHa'{eHHHfi r.{s MocreH Ha Aor'r)KHocrl lllra6-o$Hrrepa nprl fpa4oHaqa.EbHIiKe, npHBcraJr Bo secl csofi roxe 6o,rlnroft pocr Ha aBTouo6u.re, npr.rJrolKrrJr pyKy K Ko3brpbKy, u, o6paulascb Ko MHe, cKaga.n: <<Barue flpeeocxo4nTeJrbcrBo. Barra Hey4o6no cuAerb, rlo3BoJrbre, g [epeABHHy rIoKH>>.- He suao, noAeficrsoear ,'rr.r gror rpacuaufi )Kecr Ha lpocBeuleHnoro Mope["'raBareJrs, Ho ]ra KoHBorrpa nogeficrnoBaJl, r{ oH exle 60

rpoMqe Saopan: <<Aa He crblpLtJIsftTe-)K, no pyccxll BaM cKa3bIBaIO>>.

fleperpyxeHHrilfi asrouo6x,rl cKpLIrIeJI, J'Iqsrar Ha cyrpo6ax peccopaMl.I, ABa pa3a ocraHaBJIIiBaJIcs' Ho Ha llaue 6HJto o'Ieur MaJIo: Bce HaxoAIIcqacrbe Ha nyrn ny6.nuru -Mu 6;IarorloJlyqno BbIexaJIH na TarpnJrllcb Ha HesiKoM. qecKyro yJrfluy. t{elt 6.nuxe n .[lyue, reu 6o.nsure HapoAy. flocpe4rl yJrnubr crosJla 6es npneopy AolloronHat nylxKa. llo-sr.rAliN{oMy Hoqblo 6oqn[cr HaIIIero HacrynJleHHR. Haecrpeuy HaM florlaJlacb KaBaJIbKaAa: fpyntta MoJIoAUX Osr.iUepoB-aprHnJleplacroB, B clopryKax, c 60;lrullull KpacHbrr,m 6aHraulr Ha rpyAl{. tr'lla Aocrae.ls,rs 6o.nlruoe yAOBO,'rbCTBlle KpI4KH [pHBerCTBUfl TOJI[bl. oUn pacxlauu' Ba"rucb ria o6e cropoHbl. V eresAa o focyAapcrBeHuyto Ayr'ry n sa peruerxoft crosfla rr,'rorHafl Macca HapoAa. AeroMo6anb Haru, 3aBopa-

rrl4Baff c y,1i{ubl K nOAbe3Ay, ocraHoBlt,rcq. onqrr qro-To Hcrroprr{Jrocr. Tolna pHHyJIacb K Ha}vI u o6,renuna asrouo6unr co Bcex cropoH. PasAa,'lrct pyrareJlbcrsa. B6rusu

MeHs oqyrlrr'rcg, cyAfl rro BHeIIIHocrlt, nrqHblft ABopH?IK. OH cAe,'ran H3 [a,'rblreB pofa n crapa"'Icq rKHyrb MeHfl B rJra3a, flpuqeM, xaxAr,rfi pa3 Mblr{ar: <<fbl, rbl, rbl)>. Euy He yAaBa,'IOCb MeHfl AOCTaTb' I{ OH ,'Ie3 BCe 6,rnXe U 6,rn>Xe. Oxpyxaerur.iM 3To HpaBHJIocb, oHH or Ayruu cMegJIHcb, rl aruM erqe 6onrure noA3aAopnBaJrr.r ero. IIIo$ep npurraraJl Bce ycx,rrufi, Ho Marrr[Ha yrrpgMn.nacr. flo,roxeHHe craJlo coBceM cKBepHoe. fl noeepHy.ncs cnnsofi K Hacry[arcu{eMy u 6wn B lroJIo>xeH],IH rleJroBeKa, o)Kl.I/l,alourero, rITo Bor-Bor ero yAapfr no ror'roBe. c"rrrury c3aAfi fo.rroca: <<3ro fpag.oHaqad'rbHlrK. f eHepa,r Ba.nx.>> lloeopauunarccr tr r/'ra3aM He Bepn. Csa4n, MexAy ro.nnoft H HarrrnM asroMo6ureM crroxofiuo, Ho HacrofiquBo nporlrcxl{Barorcfl cryAeurbr BoegHoMeAnqnncxofi AraAeuuu. Bor HM-ro rnrlr u 6lrr'ur o6ssaHu ug6asrenrieM or ocKop6leHlirl, a Mo)Ker H cMepri.r.

Haxoueu, asrol\,Io6url pBaHy,'Icfl, cAeJIa,'I noJIyKpyr, ocraHoBIrJrcs y rJraBHoro BxoAa B AyMy, lr MH 6eg saAep>KKH 6srcrpo flpourJrr{ Buyrpb, KyAa HMeHHo He noMH}o.

KouHara 6o;rluraR, 3acraBJreHHas croJraMn, -a aa HIrMI{ no6eAilrenn-rtpeIIMyulecrBeHHo eopeficraa Mo,rroAexb. .(na cy6reKTa LI3 Mo"roAex{I4 ycrpeMuJrr{cb Ko MHe v cra..trr4 gaAaBarb Borrpocbr. Vsuan, qro g fpa4oua.la.nbHlrK, oAitH r{3 Hr.rx c HeroAoBaHHeM cKa3a,l: <<A nrr 6lr, rpaAoHaqa,lbHLIK, orAaJru 6u ceftqac x{e npnKa3aHne Baurerl noJrHuHrI [peKparrrrb paccrpeJlbr r.{s [yJreMeroe 6esopyxHofo HapoAa>. f 6u.n rax 3THM o3aAaqeu, rrro B rrepByro r{r.rHyry He noufiJr B qeM Ae,'ro Il flepecnpoc]{Jr: <<lrlg xaxux [yJIeMe6l

ToB?>>

- <<Bau .nyurue

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BCKpI,rqar'I IOHOUa.

<<Tonapuul, roBapurrl,- ocraHoBriJr ero 4pyroil eepefi,Terrepb noJrHafl cso6oAa cJroBa u Aeficreuft. He oxagusafiTe AaB,'reHr.ra Ha fpa4oHaqaJrbH[Ka>>. I,I o6pauaqcb Ko MHe, .nrc6esnnu roHoM: <<leHepa.n, Bu apecronauu. I(ounoft 4ocraBHT Bac x Mecry gaKJIIor{eHI,Ifl>>.

Mess u reHepaJla Kasaxosa orAeJrI,Ir'rH or Harxnx cnyr-

yBaxu,'rr HI.IKoB. Mon npocr6y ue pa3beAuHqrb Hac - BHeraK Ha3brr.I rroBeJrII rro AJTHHHoMy cBerJroMy Kopr.rAopy eaeMHft Mrnucrepcxr{ft llaelurbon, a Hx Ha nropoft srax(,

rAe KaK oKaSaJIOCb, BnOCJIeACTBLTV, HX- rrOCTIIrJra yqacTb, HecpaBHeHHo ryqrxafl uanreft. Konsoft uau, 8 qeJroBeK, cocToql qacTblo Ir3 co,'IAaT c BI,IHToBKaMI,l, a qacTblo I,I3 eBpeeB-ronorueft, 4eramuux peBoJrrouuro. To,rrxo qro BbIny[r,eHHble Ii3 TnpeM, osr.r c oco6eHHbIM yBfierleHlieM, BMecre

c coJrAaraMn, or6nna.n[ uar [o y3KLIM KopHAopaM. OnoqcaHHbIe narpoHHbrMLI r'reHTaMH, Aep)Ka BbrcoKo B BbrrqHy-

Tbrx pyKax peBoJrbBepbr caMbrx y)Kacarcuux cHcreM, oHH ynr'iBar'rr.icb csoefi serrixofi ucropnqecxoft poJrbro nArrI Bo fJIaBe peBoJItoqr.rH. I4tax, Mbr MaprrrripoBaJru Ha c,'raBy. flpu nxo4e e naBr,r,'rboH y anepeft cHAeJr Ha cryJre B KopuAope 6,re4ustft, usHeMoxeHHbrft e 6e.norra xro6yxe I{ naHafHI{ flerporpa4crnft

MHrponoJrLIr flurupuu le. fl seoxuAaHHo ocraHoBHJIcq [poTr.rB Hero H fpoMKo cKasad'r: <B.naAuro, 6naroc.ltosHTe MeHfl>>. Enpeficxaa MoJroAexb, sarflrar, MapIxHpoBKofi, He o>KHAaJra grofo, H3yMJreHHo noBoAI.{Jra rJra3aMlL O4nn us

HHX [poAoJrx(a,'r Aepx{arb peBoJrbBep B euuHyroft BBepx pyKe.

Mnrponornr 6.naroc.notsH,'r MeHq r.r feHepaJra Kasaxosa.

3areu orKpbrJracb ABepb a 6o.nrruyrc flpKo ocBellleHHyro coJrHqeM KoMHaTy, fAe yx(e CHAeJ'IH ga 6o"IsIIIuM cToJIoM

HecKoJrbKo apecroBaHHbrx MLIHHcTpoB 20, MbI nepecrylI.IJILI nopor 14 rrofiailv B uapcrBo craplxero yurep-oQuqepa 4 pornr flpeo6pax(eHcKoro noJrKa HgBepra Kpyr,'roea.

I l,luoe uuca;r A. fI. Ea,rr BecHoro 1917 r. B noKa3anrqx I{CK Bperueunoro npaBr.rretbcrBa: <23 Qeepa"ra c

paHHero yTpa Haqanacb coBeplueHHo HeoxHAaHHafl Ans r.reHq sa6acroBKa noJroBr.rHbt Qa6pur

r eanogon>.- EypA-

xaros 3. H. Bropaa pyccKat peBorMuufl... C. 133. B tor AeHb 6acrogaro 6o;ree 129 ruc. pa6outlx - npuMepHo rperb Bcex pa6our.rx crorluubl.- Jlefi6epon. H. lI. Ha rxrvDM -'2 caMoitepxaBl,t.fl. C. 189.

3anacur pxauofi s nruesnqnofi MyKIt B flerporpaae

noKpbrBa,'ru norpe6nocm l0-12 aneft. Myxa uruenacr lax62

xe B rreKapHsx, eule Ha HecKo"'lbKo AHefi, Ho JIaBOqHUKII ee npl,lnpflTbIBaJIIt. i i\4apruHon E. H. Ilapcr<an apuvn n (Denpaercrorra nepe"opoie. M., 1927. C. 63-65 u iapra exfleftxa.

a 25 Qenpa,ra Haqa,racb aceo6ulaq noJll'truilecKas cras-

xa: 6acroia;ra 421 npe4npuarse c 305 t'lc. pa6ouux. Bpocu,rx yve6y cryAeHrbl- .Ileft6epoa V. 17. Ha lxrypM caMoAepx(aBr.rt. C. 168, 189. s flpncran, porMucrp Kpn,'roa Bo rJIaBe KoHHblx fopoAoBbIX lblTa,'tct pa3orHarb IuHTI.tHf pa6o'lltx y. naMlr-

iura Anercauapy III Ha 3nauencxofi n,rouraAu u 6nn y6nr yAapaMH IxaIxKlr noAx3pyux(I{M 1-ro Aoucxoro no"rrxa, no,'rHbrM reoprueBcKl.tM KaBaJlepoM M. l. (DnaarosHM. 6 A. fI. Ea,lx c qyxlix cJIoB u BecbMa HerosHo onucbrBaer Boccraulre llasJronqes, otul6o'luo nepeHecq ero Ha

cyrKu paHblxe.- Cu.: Aoryueur I u npnuevanue 7 x HeMy.

7 .[,uelr 26 Qenpann yle6uaa KoMaHAa sanacuoro

6aramoua n.-rn. flagroecKofo noJIKa 6u,ra uocrpoeua noneper Hencroro npocneKra y flo.nuqeficxofo Mocra qepeg

Molxy u 6oegrtr,tll narpoHaMll crpeJlflJla r ctopouy fopoAcKoft AyMbI no AeMoHcrpaHTaM, qeM BbI3Ba,'Ia Bo3l!ty' rrleufie u Boccranlre 4-fi porrt cnoero 6ara,rr,oua.

8 19 conAar 4-ft poru 3aKJInqI{JM paHHI.rY yrpoM

27 $ezpann e tropruy Tpy6euxoro 6acruoua flerponan'

JroecKofi KDenocrLI. Hi cniaiox ctr,t.: tlepnqes B. IO. Boc' craHue lasroacxoro noJIKa... C. 172-173. flo rpe6oeaHuro BoccraBlrrl.tx ux ocso6oAltJlu AHeM 28 Qerpana r'r nonenofi cyA, rposnaruuft paccrpe,'toM, He cocroqflcq.

e Pa6oqaq rpynira npu llenrpa,rruou BoeHno-npo-

MbrrrrJreHHoM roMltrere, B Koropyrc Bxorti,ru E. O. Eorla-

Hos, f. E. Epefiao, K. A. IsosreB LI Apyrue MeHb[leBIiKl'Io6oponqu, HaMepeBaJracb l4 Qeapa.nr, B ,[eHb sogo6HosreHHs 3aceAaHufi foc. AyMbI, ycrpolrrb Aet{oHcrpalrurc pa6oqux c rpe6oaanueu co3,llaults orBercrBeHnoro Ml'lnllcrepcrea. B erofi csqgu B Hoqb ua 27 ntsapa q;renu Pa6oqeft rpynnbr 6nru apecroeaHbl r.r 3aKtbqeHt{ B TIopbMy <<Kpec-

rH>. Ocso6ox,[eHHble g.aeu 27 Qenpalr BoccraBInI.IMIl pa6oqarrul u corAaraMfi, oHr.r BoTIIJILT B pyKoBoAcrBo flerpoCosera. fparcKoro -

I0 PacrleeHnoe yrpoM 26 $erpa.nr no croluue o6lqro 6ecnopsrxr.r 6y,uyr no.uaa.nflrbct ctlJlolo opyxnq. rBJreHr.re reHepaJra C. C. Xa6aaoBa nperynpexaa.lo,

rr Cu. Ioryuesr I H lpl.IMeqanue x neuy 6.

re Onncra: (oMaH.u,HpoM 6H.[ norrosnNx Btcxoscxt fi.

13 Bo speMq BoccraHl.rt B 3anacHoM 6ara.nrone ,r.-rs'

Bolrtucxoro no,'IKa reHepa.n C. C. Xa6a,ros 6Hn saHrt

AorrpocoM na 6ara;rsonsofi raynrnaxre JI.-rB. flastoecxoro norxa l6 coJlrar ] IacrHLIKoB Boccranl.rt, Koropble Bepuyrncb B Ka3apMv yrpou 27 $enpann It3 orJlyqKI'I.

la Han6oaee roqHoe onlrcaHlle BoccraHllt BoJIbIH[eB

cM.: faue.nun P. III., Corosbeea 3. fl. BocnoMI.IHaHr'Itr T. Kr-rpnnqnsroBa KaK ncroqHuK no I'IcropHH (peapa.nrcxux peBor'rro[noHHnx Auefi l9l7 r. a flerporpaae ll Pa6o'rut xlaec Pocclttt. ero coIo3HIrKI.I u noJlur[qecKl{e nporIrBHItKIl

s l9l7 roay. C. 178-195.

15 Tax s Aot{yMeHTe.

63

t6 B l9l7 roAy B

Qeepaae 6Hao to.nrxo 28 auefi.

17 Oco6nsx rp_aQx_Hrr

M. H. Burre, n4oru npeubep-

MHHr.Icrpa rpaoa C._ IO. Bume, 6Ha na KauenuobcrponcKoM rrpocneKTe, 5. CoxpanuJrcr B qacrurrno nepecrpoeuHoM BHAe, HHHe AerCKar My3blKanbHar luKona. rE Ha Mt;r.nuouxofi ylrqe, 33, noueqaaucb Ka3apMbr

l-fi poru .n.-rn. llpoo6paxencKoro [onKa, oxpauraruefi 3uprslrft ABopeq. re Murpono,ur llerporpa4crufi u JlaAoxcxufi IIHrupurvr 6r,r.rr noA KoHBoeM AocraBJreH a Taspnvecxufi 4nopeI1 28 tpeepaar e l0 qacos yrpa. I(ouen4anr TaopuuecKoro ABopua rroJrKoBHuK l. f. fleperu acnoMHxan: (B nonyuupKynbHoM 3aJre HorH ero rroAKocHJrucb, eMy nocTaBnnn cryn, ua xoropuft Mr.rrponorHT ynan; ero flouecJrr.r

Ha gToM cryJre B o6tuyro KoMHary Mr.rHacrepcKoro naBu,'rbona. OAsar<o, B ABepflx cryn 3acrprn H npnrxJrocb ocraBnrb B,'raAHKy B nepeAHefi. V ryr, ca,(r y geepefi, a no.ny6eccoenare.nrxou cocrornlrn, oH 6narocnoB.'rrn Bcex cBoHx SHaKOMhrX, KOTOpbTX CneAOM 3a Hr.IM IIOA KOHBOeLI

l. f.

B I1xraAe.nu pyccxofi peBonrounfi. 3auucru KoMeEAar{Ta Tanpurecroro ABopIla. IIr., 1917. C. 37-38. Bulnnxeueq u craBJreHHnK l. Pacnyruna, rrr.rrponoJlrr flxrupau nxo.4r{,'r B oKpyxeHHe r.rMrreparpr.rrlbr AneKcauApn @e4oponnu s 6H.[ cgqgaH c reMHbIMIr Quuancosut"tu u 6upxesuuu AenbuaMr{. fIoA Aae,'IeHneM AyxoBeucrBa oH cJIortuJI MI.Irpono.nuuufi cas lr 6u;r ornyqeH <sa noxofi> g A,'leKcauAocraBJrsJrH B MrlHficrepcKflfi nasnmoH>.- lleperu

APo-HeBcKylo naBPY.

'0 K roruy BpeMeHLI e Muuncrepcror'r_nasllJl-l,oHe TaspurrecKoro ABopua cuAout noA apecroM 6. B. Illrnpuep, l. E. Pefin, reHepan A. A. Kyp,'ron. flopy,reuua Kapayna ocyuecrB"'rflnH cryAeHrbl A. 6apou, Mocrsus, KypcncrKH

Asnauecxaa, bypruna, @nreprtau, Korunaseeu.- fleperu f. f. B quraAelu pyccxoft peBonlouulr. C. 37, 39.

3ru cryAeuru I.r Kypcncrxll raxxe ga6orsnncb o eAe H qae

A,'rr apecToBaHHblx.

yKA3ATEJTb !4MEH ynOMqHvTbIX A. n. 6AJIKOM

AKAEMOB Hnxo.rafi tDe4opornv (p. 1869) qHHoBHrK oco6brx nopyueHair n 1899-1916 npa BapmaBcKoM o6ep-uo.nrrqMeficrepe, 25 non6pn l9l6- I naapta 1917 npn [erpofpaAcKoM rpaAoHar{a,'rbHr.rKe. Anrop oqepKa <<AroHHq cTaporo pex{HMa: no [p]rcTaBcKHM AoHeceHI{gM I{ noKa3a-

- tr4cropuuecKHri BecrHlrK. 1917. Anpenr. reneparraAbIoTaHT, reHepaJl oT KaBa,'repHr{, 6HsilrHfi- KoMaHAHp HHqM cBr.rAereJrerl>

EE3OBPA3OB Bla4uul.rp Muxafiroenq

Inap4eficxoro Kopnyca.

EEJIflEB Mnxana A.rexceesnq (1863-1918) -renepaJr-or-nHQanrepl{u no feu. rrra6y. flo,rrsoearcrr pacnoroxeHr.reM f. PacnyrxHa. 3a KaHrleJrflpRsM rrMeJr y BoeHHbilx 64

nposBnqe <Meprnan roJroBa>. 3 sHsaps-27 desparn lgl7

loc.relHnri rlapcxuft soe_Hntlri unuucrp, b ee'apaaa BbrBeJr llerporpaAcxufi soeHnuft orpyr us se,ieHuq KoMaHAoBaHHs B cBoe noAruneHns. I uapra cay ,BuJrQpoHra :,_eBeploro cfl B 'l aBDH'recxnfi ABopeq n 6n.u apecroeai. paccrpe.txH

s 1918.

BACI{JIbEB Aaexcef, Tnxonosnq (p. lg6g) _ nocrreAuufi 4npexrop AenapraMenra rronnr{na i2g cenisop;iiii6 -BEnC Baa4nmnp Kapaonn,r (p. lg64) _Aeftcrsprrerttusrft crarcrnft coserHur, yno.nuoubueHsufi no-npolouori_ ctBuro flerporpa4a, qJreH coBera MHHncrpa 3eMneAernff. ..BEHAOPO Ocxap HrHarosrs (p. lg4g) _ reHeDajr_ il;;"i;;; nerporpaAcKoro rpaAorrasaJrbHaKaQenfi.,ra-lg1'Z uo napyxHori noauqu[. _ BI,ICKOBCKI{n - roJrKoBHHK, KoMaHAr{p sanacHoro 6aranroua n.-rs. BonuHcKoro rroJrKa. BI{TTE MarnarAa-Hnauonna, rparpr.rua (ypoxaeHHaq Xorurucxag, B .neploM 6pgle /Iucienfi _ B,qoBa npeMbepneftreHaHr, 26 rneapn lg}4-22

Maur{crpa rpaQa Ceprea lOnteea,ra Bnrre.

IAJIJIE BtaAucuar e_panqerrv..(p. lg62) _reHepa;lnerp'orpaAcKofi " KoHHo-no;laqeft cxofi crpaxeft.saeeAyroqnfiu norurrueficrep -IV'or4ere'H, uafi op,

n.rp;;;il'^iii;:

cnnr_eecxnft ocrpoB, Ileiporpa4cKa, croporrd, peaHn).

Aoiu".a.-

IJ|OEATIEB Koncranrnn lfsaHosr,t (p. _rexe_ par-uafiop OrAenbHo^lo_ Kopryca xaH4api,ioa,lg70)'eenpaan

I l9l5-27 Qenpa.rrn lglT noc.,rean"f -"iluntnurI OrAelesus

no oxpaHenHrc o6ulecrsenHofi 6esonacuocrn H noprAKa B r. flerporpaae (<Oxpanrr.r>).

IOJI ll IIbl H Hur<o.nafi ,ll,runrpnenn.r, KHfl3b ( 1850_ - _ 1925) -qnen loc. coBera (npaoaa rpynna), ceHarop; uo

HacJorHuro HMneparpurrur A.nexcauApH Oe4oponuu 2Z 4era6pt 1916 nasHarreH nocneAnuitr qapcxuM npeAceAareJreM

Cosera MHHr{crpoB, npocr.rJr Hnro.nas-II o6 yirynxax s Ayxe rporpaMuu flporpeccuBHoro 6.noxa. Apecronan I uap-

ra 1917.

IOJIOBAHOB Bcqecaas HnaHosnq AeftcrsurenlHbrft crarcxufi coBerur.rK, ynpaBJrflrorqufi xagqenspnefi rpa4oHaTIAJIbCTBA.

fPHfOPOBlltI llsaH KoucraHrnnornq (lg53-Ig30)-

renepaJI-aA'broraHT, aAMIrpaJr, .l.tteH loc. coBera, KoMaHAup

ropra flopr-Apryp e PyCcro-flnoncryro eofiuy,'c tg uapri

3l-116

65

19ll noc,relriuil qapcxt'tfi ,r'topcr<ofi MHHI{crp' apecroBaH He

6ur, ocrara.ncs e l;tasuou A4uupanreficree H cgrpy4ll{: oun' a Bpeveusutvt npaBllTe,lbcrgotta,. floc're oxra^6pn l9l7 .ny*"n'n-Mopcr<on lrc"opruec*ofi xotrltlccuu' B 1923 c pa3peilenun npaBl.Ire,rbcrsa CCCP Bblexa,l ro Opanunto' fPHfOPbEB feopnrfr Hnroaaennu (p. 1868) -re.Yepa.n-uafiop, noln[rrleilcrep 2 or4eleuun (3-ll yqacroK \aiancroft uacrH, Hapncxaa lt KonouencKafl lIacrII' nplttop;;ilt flerepiotpci<nft yuacrox), u,'reu flerporpascxoro

cro,rnqHoro npLIcyrcTBHt no Ae,'IaM crpaxoBaHl.Ir pa6ouax' f POTEH llaseu llasrosrq (p. lgZO) - reHepa'r-ivrafiop au"rr EIIB, BpelIeHIIo saMeuar n l{apcrou Cene 5'e'ra-n-urero B Cranxy ABoplloBoro KoMeHAaHra -reHepa"I-Mafiopa fl B,rrJrcr KoMeHAaHrou A.ilexcauAp_oncxoB.- fl. goen*oni " l4Mrleparpl'tqa A'nexcasApa tDeloponua ro ABopIra, rAe )KIL'Ia

c AoqepbMH I{ CbIHOM.

o4uu fyqKOB A,nexcanAp LlsaHosrq (1862-^1936) -- npea-

ot"o"utatreri naprnll' ofltn6plrcros, s 1916-1917

", ceAared'Ib IJ,eurp a.ltt,ttoro Boeuuo-npoMbIIx"IeHHoro KorllITenepeBopora' Buecre c B' B--' ra. cropoHHHK ABOpIloBoro -t

orpeqeH'd Huxo'ras I I z np ":H"J'I o"'np"iiona. Z uabra-30 anpenn nepouft soefiuHft I{ Mop' uae Bo3r'la.non'""""aip Bpdr'reHnoro npaonT€urbcrBa' BPocct'u, crpe-

u;";'.;'*t ;'t tAti;

st

sH,,r O6qecrio eiosouuqecKoro Bo3pox(AeHua 6ypxyasHofi soeuHofi 4Ilxrarype' npltqacrelt Mr.rBureecfl K rIOnbITKe rocyAapcTBeHHOrO nepeBopoTa Bo r"''laBe c reJI. KoprrHrIoBbIM. C l9l8 3MI'IrpaHr' ""puno* 3AHKEBHH Mnxanl llnnolntonwl (p' l87e) reHe6par- xenu A. fI. Ea;rxa' Hauailbnux feu' qrra--

x f.

oan-uaftoD.

-

"6;.' t7',ii;'p ri" r g i/ ;NIeHI'II 6onesrero no"rxosH uKa B' kl' flas,resxosa Ha llocry Haqa,[bHI'IKa uofierosoft oxpanu flerporpa,(a..C uas 1917 BHoBb s feu' urra6e'

3HAIIKOBCKUn' feopEnfi AHaroruesn'r - AeticrnuI otre'leHlrR relrnulft crarcxltil coBerHHK' no'muuefrcrep qacrl'I' l-ft yuaCnaccras n (AatnpunreficraR ir-iii-".-dta" 'uoci", q"rle' I -r pota Ctonnqsofi TIoJII'quu)' ;;;;i Ji;i6hofi crpa: flerporpagcKoro croJluqHoto IIpHcyrcrBI{l no AeiIaM xo"ur"i pa6ou,x u llerporpaAcKoro no BoItHcKofi nosltHHOCTH IIpl.ICyTcTBHt.

porMucrp' llerporpaAcKoM npu nopyqenilft oco6tlx rura6c-odnuep AJIfl rpalofiaia.rrriuxe, panee cJIylKIl,r B KaHIreilnprn BapuaB'

IFHAUI{yC Jleoxn4 A,nercau4poB}lq -

b-xoro rendP a.rr -rY6ePHdrop a.

66

KA3AKOB Marsefi HgaHosnq (p. 1858) --- reuepa.l-Irafiop. C 1888 s orAeJrbHoM Kopnyce xaHAapMoB, 6br.,r.,Ha-

qaJrbHHKoM Talr6oscKoro u MocroBcKofo xaHAapMcKrrx ynpae.nennfi, KoMaHAr.rpou BapurancKoro l,t Mocxoecxofo )KaH-

AapNIcKlrx AHBr{3aoHoB. l9 ,lrapra t910---27 Qenpa"rx l9l7 I{oMaHAHp llerporpa4cKoro xaHAapMcKoro AnBu3r.{oHa.

KI,IPnPIqH I,IKOB Apxa4ufi Apra4rennu

xonrexcxufi

- no.ln[ulr. aceccop, HaqadrrbHr.rK flerporpa4cxoii cucxsofi KPyIJIOB OeAop

crapurari ynrep-oSaqep 4 poru

- llpeo6paxeucxoro nonxa. BossanacHoro 6arantoua,r.-rn. f,rrdBJflil KapayJr s MrzHacrepixorr,r rraBujrboHe Taopnuecroro ABopr{a, rAe coAepxar'rHcb apecroBaHHbre AesreJrr4 rlap_ cKoro BpeMeHH.

K?blJIOB porMncrp, yqacrKoBufi npucran. 25 Senpaas l9l7 Bo rJraBe KoHHbrx fopoAoBbrx ilbrraJcq pa3orHarb

rvilrrrrHr pa6ou-Hx H_a 3Haueucrori naou{ah4 H 6ri.rr sapydrreH r(a3aKou l-ro,[,oucxoro noJIKa..

KyTEIOB ArexcaHlp llasaoslrq (1882-1930) non_ u nepeorl luuponorl

KoBHHK, yqacrnr{K Pyccxo-flnoncxoft

softH, xoI,{aHAHp noJ'rKa,.reopfueBcxlttl xasaJep, rpaexaJr B

llerporpa4 B orflycK c $poHra, yqacrBoBar'r B norrbrrKe noAaBrrb (Denpanrcxyrc peBoJrroqun. B rpaxAaHcKyn nofi_ Hy yqacrHrir .Ilegonoro'ttoxoAa reuepa"rra-.II. f. KopHnnosa,

r{epHoMopcKra.fi soeHn[,rfi ry6epHarop, sa B3srtre

Honopoc_

cuficra npor{3BeAeH n reuepa,rr-rr,tafopu, 3a Bsflrne Xipr_

KoBa

B reHepaJl-.ueftreHauru, B KpbrMy KoMaHAoBa"rr i-ryr

- c 1920 LeHepar'r-or-r.rHSaurepnu. pyxono4uJr BHyr_ apuHe.ft, peuHerl;insNerl Pyccxoro o6urenoirucKoro coro3a. c lE2g

€ro fr'raBa. 26 xHnapr 1930 noxuuteH coBercr{HNrH pa3BeA_ I{IIKA}1II.

KyTEnOB Hrxolafi Hnxoaaesnq Ko.t..re)xcxufi cexpeTapb, ceKpeTapb neTporpaAcKofo rpaAoHar{a.-rbHHKa. .

JIAHCKOH Ceprefi Mnxafi,nonql, rpaQ crarcrufi co_ BerHHK, r{HHoBHriK oco6ux nopyvenutt rrpH -rrerporpaAcKoM

rpalOHa{a,rlbHIlKe. JIAIIIKEBHTI I,IsaH CrenaHosrq (l8gl-lgl7) - r,rra6cKaIIr{raH, floroMcrBeHHur? 4oopnuuu gepHnro"a;o;',ry6ep_ uuu. C l9ll s ,'r.-Ls. Bor'rbrHcrioinr no,rxy, noc,le puHa"r"'"

uae l9l6 H_a Qpoure cra,'r rioMaHanpoli:yve6Hofi .xoMaHAbr 3alacHoro 6aranroHa no!'rKa n flerporpaae. Vrpou 2T een_ p a.ra I 9 I 7 s acrpeJreH BoccraBrrruMr{ coJrA a ra M r-t* o.,r slur,li nr r.r.

JIEBHCOH Bepn_ep Bepaeponn,r-+.noAro.irKoBHHK,

urh6c-oQauep A,'rfl oco6u* nopyuerraii -npu,nerporpaacrou rp af,oHa qa.lbHHKe.

QX

JIEJITHOB llasea llsaHosuq -.Aeficrsnre;rrnuft crarcxafi coserHLIK, Kyneq l-ft ru.nlAnu (xpyuHaa MexoBat roproe.un); po4crnennuK, qepe3 xeHy' KyrqoB Ennceenux; 4o^' fopo4croft io.nosa lletporpa4q-g I 908-19 I r', """"dli.i"ii. i9'l'7, peAaKrop <Hs;ecinft flerporpagcxoft igro-b"upure ' ropo,qcfoft AyMH>, npeAceAarell flerporpaAcKoro iopoacxbro xounrera Bcepoccuftcroro colo3a ropoAoB H lrerpof p aAcKoro y'{I'ullltrlHoro coBera' rn a'csufi ry 6ep ucxo-ro^s-eu-

cxoro,co6panun, unen feoprrleBcKOrO KOMHTeTa, IIpaBJIeHI'LII Pyccxoro Ans sueurneft topron.nu 6auxa, <Pyccxoro JlrofiAa> r{ Ap.

JI I{TBHHOB A.rexcaH4p Buag,uunponnu (18601904 6paHr-uafioo flerporpaAa -1917 reHepaJl-Mafiop, 1925)

'c

(naqanlHux no*apHoft oxpanu). nocne^brrn6ia dpu"l".l.tep Tefcrnlruoft- Qa6pItKH IIM' Cnep4nona' JIbICOIOPCKHn Baaluunp Baaluuuponn'r (1866-c crarcxufi coserunK, KaMeprep' 19241 -aeftcrsurerlsnfi 1907 noMoulHI'IK nerporpaAcKoc MBA, BeAoMcrBe 1890'e qacrlr' qJIeH ro rpaAoHaqarbnuKa no aAMgHlrcrpatnouoft ropHo3aBoAflerporpa4cKoro croJll{qHoro rl9 Qa6pnuHbIM H cKHM Ae"raM nplrcyrcrBufl H fleipoipaacroro ry6epHcKoro p acIIopfl AI'ITeJIbHOf O KOMIrTeTa.

MAKAPEHKO A,rexcanAp Cepreennu (p' 186l)lYlt ^-

reHeDaJl-Jleftreuaut,

c 1908 noMourHHK HaqarbHuKa' c

ruoilnonll* f,rasHoro BoeHHo-cyAe6qoro ynpaBJIeHI'Ifl H Bol9l7 Ha3HarIeH rocneAHI'IM npoKypop. 27 tlespa,rn 'enyrpeHnnx """"4 Aen. B rpax4aucxyto MHHHCTpOM [aDcKHM qJIeH u BoeHuoro BoeHHo-MopcKoro cyrofi"v nocrosssdfi la n KpnuY. MAPTbIHOB - nomosHltK' KoMaHA4p 9 3aracnoro Kana,repuficxoro noJIKa' 28 Qenpa'rs l9l7 cMeIqeH tsoeHnofi xorrlnccuefi foc. AYMbI. nopyrlnK 3anacHoro 6ara'rloHa 'n'-rs' MAIIKEBNTI @ns.nsgAcroro

-noltia-, aAtloraHT reHepaJI-JIeftreHaur

C. C. Xa6arosa.

MEHEP llerp llerponnu (p' 1860) - reHepa;I-trlafiop' lD aory-

s 1905-1916 napuaecxufi o6ep-nonuqlrlefrcreP'-c PocroBa-Ha."u-fgfS noc.tre,qriun qapcxuii riag,ouaualrnlx Aouy.

MOPAKH Blaguuup Huxoaaesru - g,eftctsnte'nrsnfi

orAeJIeHItq llerporpacrarcxnft coBeTHHK, noJruqMeficrep 3 qacrlr' 2, 3, 4 yqacr*H n'PoxAecrseuciaq ;;ii,i;&;".*u" JInTefiuoft uactu).

68

HAyMOB Aaexcan4p Hnxolaenuq-reHepa;l-;refireHaur S.nora, yfipaBnrloulnft flerporpa4cxofi peunofi uo.nllquefi.

OJtbAEHEyPICKI{R Arexcanlp llerponnu, npnHu (1844-1933) llasna I, reaepaa-aAtroraHr r.r -npanHyxnoKpoBHre.ryt reuepan-or-xuQaurepnll, ueAlrunun. B lgl4_ Qeepa,re 19l7 nepxosHbrft HaqaJrbHHK BoeHno-caHnrapuofi H sBaKyarlnossofi qacrr.r. Suarpaur.

OO H-AEP.OCTEH.CAKE H E BAJI bA SAYAPAO B I,I q, 6apou KoJrJrexcxurt aceccop, rrHHoBHHr oco6nx nopyue- nerporpaAcKoM nufi npx rpaAoHaqa.[bHnKe. IABJIEHKOB B.ralrunp l{nanonn.r (p. lg65) _ no,r_ KoBHHK Jr.-rB. llpeo6paxeHcKoro rIoJrKs, rAe cr,ryxltr,r c

1906, s 1916 cra.lr noMolrIHHKoM HaqaJrbHHKa 3arracHoro 6aTa.r'IboHa. C 9 aunapn lglT salr{eula.ir Harrar,rbHuKa 3a[acgbrx

OaraJ-rboHoB u eoficxosor? oxpauu flerporpa4a reHepan,reftreuaura A. H. 9e6uwzsa.-24-27 Qenpaan KoMaHAoBaJr noficxauH noAaBJrsBrrruMrr peBonpqnoiHue Bbrcryn.lreHtlfl H Boccraune. kIa-sa upana4r-on <rpy,auofi xa6u> 6rore, o" ACJI.

_^ IIHJIEUKIIH Moncefi Hcaesnq (p. rcT/4 Merrrau, 1893-1916,(€arro[pou3BoAnrenb xasqenspsu -us BaprrraBcKoro ooep-noJrHuueficrepa, c 22 lexa6pq lg16 ynpan,rnrournfi

netporpaAcKoro rpaAoHarrartuux-a, Tll.u.l:!_Tfi Iyl / cnyxHn s o6qecrBellHoM rpaAoHaqarbcTBe. c Mapra nLlTHPt{M, B MHpy flanea OrHos _ .(lSbg_1921) flerporpa4crnft u u apxrerncxorr rrla4oxcxuH XIMLonnt LBsr_o- Ipoxrlxofr A.nexcaH4po-Hencxori

naopu, craBJreHHHK t^-l-1._1yTrH4 ycrponBrrrero ero HasnaqeHrie n non6pe lgl5.

ApecroBaH ZE eeBpars l9l7 H noA AaBJteHHeM AyxoneH_ CTBa CJIOXHJI CaH MI{TponO,'IHTa I.I OTnyIqeH <Ha nOXOfi> S "rraBpy.

nOKPOBCKHR Hnroaafi Hrxoaaenn,r (lg65_

1930)_- rariHufi coBerHHK, -.rreH foc. coBera, seMJreBJrd.(e_ neq KoseHcxoft ry6epnuv. 2l rnnapr-3o ;;_ 'no.o"4*nfi cyAapcrneuHuft KoHrponep, c jO Hoa6pa ";;6p"--ibl6 Ha faPcxuft MHHHcrp HHocrpaflHbrx AeJr, npe,qcelarear rrerporpaAaxol.r xoHeepenr{uu coro3HHKoB -n xuoape lgl7. flo.[rgosancx 4onepu-err,r an6ep a;rrHoli o6urecrBeH Hocr,. Bbr-. cryflan_3a ycrynxn e-ft npanureJrbcrBa H 3a orcrpaHenue A. A. tlpororonoBa. Apecronax ue 6u;1. B uapra iglZ ne_ peAaJr AeJra nocerr.rBrrreMy ero fI. H. Mn.nnxony.

nPOTOnOnOB Auercan4p..,ll,unrpnennv l9l8) 4eftcrnurenrsur? crarcrilli 'coeerunx, vaen(1g66.'_ III N

-

09

IV foc. AyM or CI'ru6upcxofi ry6epHutl (Qparuus 3eMqeB' orrx6pncros), xpyuultft selvIregraAeJlel{' 3aBoAqI'IKr II QaoplrxaHr. C 18 ceHra6pn 1916 ynpaBrlflIouufi '[iIBA' c Aeka6pn MHHI{crp uuytfenurnx Ad{ u uaBuoHaqanluut -or-

19[7 no Paccrpe'nxu apecr. u Tuup*ne.xbrur 4nopue cAaJIcR noA uprrroiopy BtIK. nq EJI I,tH AnexcaH4p 6opxconuu - no.iIKoBHIIKJ_no.]HUruefictep 6 otAe.nesun lierporpa4a (A'rrexcau4po-Hescxaq qacrb,'lll.nncce.nu6yprcxnft u AlexcaH;lpoecrul't yqacrKtl)'

AeJIbHoro Kopnyca ,rdn4uptno". Beuepou 28-Qenpanr

PEIaHEOT-PE3BOH Anaronuft AHarorlesuu (1868l9l8) reHepaJI-I{aftop no raapAeftcxoft lerxoft aprl'L'l"lepnu, B- 1906-1907 Naocxoscrzfi rpaAoHarlarbnuK' no^cJle-peB'r3rlu VBOJTeH. pa3xaJroBan, e i91l npnronopeH Oco6ltlt nnHcvrcrsr{elr-cegara K J-rI4IIeHI't}o Bcex ocHoBHbIX IIpaB II nbeutr,tvlr{ecrB H 3aKJIIoqeH Ha roA B rlopbMy' BcKope 'torlrr{roeiu. C l9l4 BoccraHoBJIeH Ha cJlyx6e s 'IaHe reHepa"l*uftopu H c Bblcoqaftruero colI3BoJIeHLIa cueuu'n-.QaN'II{'IHIo qacrlI e *ra p'es"on, Ha3HaqeH HaqaJIbHIIKoM caHI'IrapHoft 4eficruynuyrc aPMHIo. PI4TTHX A,rIercanAp AlexcaHpponnu (p. l8-68) - roQMaprxaa sHcoqaiiruero ABopa, ceHarop' V1"111 l"tpll|ll' oAttH lls rJIaBHbIx opfaHu3aropoB Cro'nunnucKolz peq-opl9l6 rvrii. c l9l2 roBapxxt MHHHcrpa 3€Mr'l€.{e'1Hrl, c uon6pn 3eMJIeAeMutlxcrepcrBoM ynpaerqrcuHft no'$eepa.rrl l9l7 ;ar4s tr qreH Cogera MI'IHI'IcrpoB. 'iMI'lrpaHr' POMAHOBbI' BeJIITKI{e KHc3bc: ("p"nn B.la4uullponn'r (1876-1918) - eu1'n 'A"relicaHJ oa II. crapunfi cbIH B€rHKoro KHfl3fl Br-laLllMl{pa AJreKgaHAboer.rua.,isotopoAHstft 6par Huxo.lag Il, xourp-aAMHpa.'l

H3 I{eMHorIIX l"nr" fIAg. g Pyccr<o-flnoHcKylo nofiHy oAHH cIIacmuxcg floc,re ra6errrE 6poHeuoc{a I IeTponaB.IIOBCK>. exunaxa' l9l5-8 Mapra l9l7 xouan4np luapAeiicxofo Mapra orKaga"Icg <<

flpnsua.u Bpelreuuoe [paBlareJlbctno, 9 Of npeCrOfra [I yAe"IbHbIX 3eIvIeJIb, B HIOHe-yeXaI C C]np]: ce6s 6'rrccmre'leu roft i 'OururqnAllto. B ,1922 o6'assH'n _ K-ttqT']' I'IMneparopott 1924 B rpecrora, HMreparopcKoro ,'rotr i, qtd ge ltp[{3na,ra BAoBcrBylouar HMneparplrlra lvlapun Oeggpoeua. Botcrylta,'I 3a coeAI'IHeH]Ie caMoAep^xaBHoH B.[acru c BJIacrbIo Coseroe I{ BoccraHoB"IeHI'Ie e CCCP allHacrlrlt PoMaHoeux Mnxant AlexcauAponn'r (1878-1918) -- u'ra{uruft 6par Hnxo,ras II, reRepan-rvraftop cBHrbI EI4-8, qleu foc' coeera, s 1899-1904 irac.rreAHllK npecro,ra' B nepBylo MIrpaByIo 70

BofiHy,KoMaHAr.rp l(anxascxoft ryseuuofi LvrBLrBr4n, 3areM 2-ro KagrascKoro Kopryca. 3 uapra l9l7 noanncadlr MaHn$ecr o6.orKa3e or npecroJra. B l9l8 r. Bbrc,taH Hs farqfiHu n flepub, fAe B Holrb Ha 13 urcgs 6un y6lrr.

POA3flHKO Mnxau;r B.nag,nuuponnu (1859-1924) Aerlcrnnrelruur? crarcxaft cosetnuK, KaMeprep,. rpynHuii -ayrnr, s€M"1€B;tr2[€reU, [peACeAaTeJrb III rn IV foc. r,]raBa bpeuenuoro KoMr.rrera loc. 4yuu, co3AaHHoro e AHrl (DeB. panrcxor? peBoJrroq[u, c 7 uapra raKxe noqergnfi KoMHccap l"rasHoro yrpaB,'reHr.rfl Kpacuoro Kpecra. ArrEsHHft cropoHHHK-rrorrbrTKr4 focy_AapcrBeHHoro nepeBopora Bo, rJra-

Be c renepa,rou JI. I. I(opHu,roeuM. floc,re oxrs6ps lgl7

c*orp)rAuuqaJr _c reHepana*ru J7. .[,eunxuui,ru. 3 nanrp aur

f. Kopur.r.trossrM i{ A. 14.

. CIIHPHAOHOB_ Hnxolafi llerpoauv

npr{craB 2 yuacrxa Cnaccror? qacrn llerep6ypra

no..iKoBHnK,

CTEIIEHKO KoncranruH BacnlbeBuq BHue-a,:,IrupaJr. CTOEEyC Hnrouafi-_BHKropoB[q crarcxufr coBerur.rK, - oco6ux nopyueuufi cJryxnJr B BeAoMcrBe MBA, qr-rHoBHuK IIp n neTpOrp aACKoM rp dTloHaua.r'rbHHKe. TPEIOB Arercan4p OeAoposr{q (1962-192g) _ ereo_ yg'1n.*!: crarc-ceKperapr, u,reH roc. c'osera G-p;u" na)., qreH Anexcau4poBcKoro KoMureTa, cenarop, v,rag"p;;, nerep6yprcKoro. fpaAoHaqarrbni.rKa O. O.' fpen6, 5fi^.y1 ynpaBJ'tatoul.lrl r[usu-crepcrBoM nyrefi coo6ure.

11:" ".l9lb HHH. lv Hofl,Opr-26 4era6px l9l6 npelce,qare..rb Conera MHHHcrpoB,.orcrpaHeH sa rpe6onanr{fl yAa.rreHvn H3 llerep_ r. pacryruHa ri_yBorrbHenns A. A. flporononona.

9yli, ne [pHsHaJr orpeqeHae HHxo,raq II u noc,re orrg6ps lglT crpeMhrcr BoccraHoBflm pouaHoBbrx Ha npecrond c duuaHcosori l, soen'or? rroMorrlbto lepmauuu.' C l92l -,r;eu Bucruero MoHapxnqecKoro coBera, cn,rragaBan 6e,rvrc auHrPaqno BoKpyf BeJrHKoro KHfl3fl HIIKOaaq HHxo.iaesHtra.

TPOHJII,IH A. A. roJrKoBHHK, KoMaHAnp l_ro cKoro [oJIKa.

-

Aon_

TTXEJIbHHKOB Mnxan.n l,fuaHosuq (p. lg66) _

reHepad'r-Mafiop, n l914-Qeepa,re l917 HaqaJrbHHK una6a rrerporpaACKOrO BOeHHOTO OKpyra.

XAEAJIOB Qgp.ef CeMeHosHq (lSbg-I924) _ reueoa;r_

"l:Tl"l:-"r no Vpar:tcKoMy-Ka3arrbeMy norlcry, s l9i+_ lylo Boe,THrilf ry6epHarop Vpa,rscxofi o6;lacru-ll uaxagHofi Ka3aqbero soficxa. C l9t6 no Qeopa,rr ?I?y1T^yt:-i_o_-.-Tolo ryl/ HaqaflbHnK llerporpaAcKoro Boennoro orpvra u. c 5 7l

Serpa.na KoMaHAylolqufr softcral,In oKpyra. 28 Qenpaar l9l7 apecroBaH, 3aKrloqeH o llerponaonoBcKylo Kpenocrb, B- oKtirOp" ocgo6oxAeH, a Hor6ire yBoJIeH H3 apMHI{' s l9l9 3Ml{rpH'poBaJI.

tlEEbIKllH Alercan4p Hecroponm (1857-1920)

-

reHep a Jr-fl eft resa Hr no rn apAefi cxoft nexore, 3errJreBJI-aAeJIeIl

Jlvxicroro ve3Aa llerporpaacxoft ry6epHun. B l9l2 gaqucaen cnury EHB, c l9l3 xor'ran4up l-fi 6pura^r{ 2-ft reap" neiorttot? AI'IBH3I'Iu, n l9l6-QeBpane l9l7 sa'Iarl4eficroft Hr{K 3anacHux rnapAeftcrnx 6aranbonoB ll softcxosofr oxpanu flerporpaAa, c 9 annapr l9l7 s ornycKe no 6olesHn, Jleqr.rd'Icg g KHcrosoAcxe.

IIIAJIOEEB Muxanl llerponuq - norIKoBHI4K' c HIoJIfl l914 noflhqueftcrep 5 orAelesHn flerporpa4a (Bu6oprcxuft, OxreHcxnft, ilalrccrponcxnfi v' Jlecuoli yvactxl't, 5-n DoTa cTo,'rgqnofi uo,'1.rqng p 5-e oTAeJIeHIIe Koggo-noluqeftirori crpaxn), yuacrnnK pa3foHoB pa6ouux 4euoncrpaunfi B HroJre l9l4 r. 25 Qenpaln l9l7 npn nonblrKe pasnoHa. pe-

BonroIlHoHHbIx AeMoHcipaHroa y A.nercanApoBcKoro (JIu-

refiHoro) Mocra na Bn6oprcxoft cropoHe 6u,r HMH rtxeJlo paHeH

SKCTEH Aaercan4p Huxoraesx't (1873-19!7) - nonKoBHHK, KoMaHAHp sanacuoro 6ara.nlona J.-rs. flagnoBcKoro nori<a. V6nt ieueporrr 26 Senpa.nn l9l7 na Konourennofi nlouraAlI npu BblxoAe H3 Ka3apM 4-ft porn oKpyxI{BrrrHMH ero yqacrHlIKaMH paccrpentHnoft AeuoscrpaIrHH.

-

xolnEKqlrn EbrBUEro PyccKoro 3arpaHtqHoro hCTOPhqECKOTO APXXBA B NPATE

9. H. f HAUrr HTOB

Tporeryue pyccKoh opMHl4 B l9l7 rogy l Ily6;rnxyembr_e HUx<e B(rcnour{HaHns 6u.nx cnequaJrbHo HanHcaHH 4ar Pyccxoro 3arpannqHoro HcropHqecxoro ap-

xHBa B llpare H nepeAaHbr ryAa B 1926 r. Iloc.ne nmpofi mnponof, nofinu 6ecqenuue KoJneKqrrrr gToro apx[sa 6burn BHBegeHbr s Cosercxufi Corcs n BnJrorb Ao nocreAHnx Jrer HaxoA[Jrncb Ha oco6om pexHMe xpaHeHtls. He ncnolugoBa.,racb HccneAoBareJrsMH t| 9Ta KoJreHxopoBac yqeHnqecKan

reTpaAKa, Mex TeM KaK COAepXaHne ee HMeeT BO MHOTOM yHnxalbnHfi xapaxrep. Ho cHa.raaa o6 aBTope orux Bocnouunannfi...

Spacr Hnronaesn.l Fnaqnnron (1894-1975) ponnncn B MnonoAernofi 4nopnncxofi ceure, xnrurefi Ha xaJroBaHne qr{HoBlt[Ka-orqa, AocnyxnBlrrerocr g,o taftnoro coBeTH[I(a, A[peKropa AenapraMeHra xeJresHoAopoxHHx AeJr MnHHcrepcrBa Snnancon Poccnficrofi nMnepHH. PoAnn cBsro rrrilra nausrb AeAa no MareprHcKofi ,tnnnn reHepara

Baa4nunpa ]fsaHosnqa Maoapaxnn, Berepafla- pyccKo-Typeqxofi H KaBKa3cKux sofiH. Hnxoaaencxnfi raAercxrfi ropnyc, KoHcraHrnHoBcKoe aprunnepnficxoe yqnJrnrrle, nponsBoAcrBo n oQnqepu B aBrycre l9l4 r.3areu - Qponr nepnofi mnponoft, uecrt 6oesbrx opAeHoB, ABa Aocportnbrx n(F BbrrxeHHc B qrrHe 3a orJrr.tq[e. <IIo xapaKTepy cep,u,eunufi, orKpoBeHnbrfi n o6ulxre,nrHufi, BcerAa BeceJro n 6o4po nacrpoennufi ronorla. PernnnosHHfi, x uepau npancrnennoro nogAeficreils BocnpHuMqr{n. C ronapnulaMH xnBeT oqenb ApyxHo>r- qHTaeM o HeM B KopnycnoM xypnane. <B 6olo nHHqHArHBeH, npeKpacHo opneHrr{pyercs, He yKnoHcercf, or

t Jlpe1rrcJrolne, noAroroBKa reKcra H KoMMexrapxfi B. f. 6oprHeDCKOTO.

onacHocni... EeeyxopnslreHHo qecreH H npaBAltB, xopouo Bocnnran, xopournfi ToBapnul)t- orMeqaercs r ero cayxe6soft amectaqnu. l Ilorou npnruna rpaxAancxaq BofiHa, c.tyx6a s Ao6poMapxoncxofi aprnaleBoflbrrecKofi apMHrr - B rereHAapHofi ptu. <3a BpeMf, cayx6u B ynpaBneH[I,I AI{BH3}Iona urra6cKanI{raH filar{uHros BcerAa orJll{qaJlcs flpnMepnbtM I{cnoJIHeHneM Bo3JIaraeMHx Ha Hero nopyueunfi. Kouauga paeBeAqr{KoB ynpaBneHuq AnBnS[ofla 6ula nocraBJleHa I'IM Ha AOnX(Hyrc BHCOTy Il nCnoJIHfJIa He TOJIbKO qlrcro 4pTHJIJIepnficxne, Ho rlacTo H KaBanepuftcxue 3aAaq[, Ao KoHHblx araK BKJInqUTeJIbHO, npuqeM BcerAa c BHAabu{t{Mcf ycnexoM>,- roBopunocb B oAHoM lls npnKason no 2-ttly AI{BH3IIoHy Aprnlnepnficrofi reHepaJla Maprona_6puraAbl. 2 B noc6be 1920 r. 26-lerHnfi noAnolxoBHHK flraquHtos BMecre c ocrarKaMn BpaHrenescxofi apMI{H noKnHyJI Poccnrc n noMtrMo cBoefi BoJIn HaBcerAa crar oMl{rpaHroM. B l92l1922 r. oH B KaqecrBe psAoBono (oareu - Kanpana) suHyxAeH 6ua cryxxtr oo OparuryscKoM HHocrpaHHoM Jlernoire xa ErnxHenr Bocroxe, HaxoAccb noucrl{He n <Ao6poBoJrbHoM pa6crne>. Herotopoe BpeMc xHJI B 6elrpa4e, noToM c orruqlteM saKoHqnfl llpaxcxr'rfi noJlnrexHlrqecrnfi uHcrrrryr, B KaqecrBe HHx(eHepa'xIlMI{Ka pa6oraa Ha 3aBoAax Opairqun u .drctpuu. Bo npeur Bropofi ruuporofi softHu 3. H. fnaquHroBy qyAoM yAanocb ns6exarr tnrJlepoBcKoro KoHI{eHrpaqHoHHoro narepc 3a aKrIlBHoe npornno4eficrBfie Bo]rHcrByloulenry pyco$o6crny HaIrHcroB. B naqale 50-x roAos oH-sluecte c ceutefi nepeexan s CoeA[HeHHue IIIraru Amepuxn, yMep B sHBape 1975 r. n Hrrc-Hopre u 6ua noxopoHeH Ha xuaA6nule Cnrro-TponltrKoro MoHacrbrpa Pyccr6fi 3apy6exnofi npanoclannofi qepxon n ,ll,xop-

-AaHBIrflJIe.3

Hapo4nar aprncrKa CCCP Corprn Bla4nunposHa frarlr{HroBa npBxoAunacr 9pacry HnxoJaesnuy AnoropoAHori cecrpofi. B cenrn6pe 1917 r. oHu o6se,HqaJll{cb. 6pax ne oKagarcc AoJITHM H cqacrJll{BblM, Ho o6a Ao xonIla Anefi cBorrx coxpaHuJltr Apyr K Apyry caMhle lodpue u HexHbIe qyBcrBa. cV nero 6ulu reunHe 6recrcqne rJlasa c cnoH' cKu noAHcTbIMl{ KBepXy yroJIKaMH-' KpacHBble pyKlr c ToHKI{MH naJrbqaMu, yAl{Bt'ITeJIbHo crpo[Hac Anq MyxqHHH TaJInt H ,qJrr{HHbIe-npeAnI,IHHhIe HorH' sa Korophle B AercrBe oH no' ryq[r KflHqKy 6acrepnn.nrcKaq'- BcnoMr'lHaJIa C. B. l'naqnnrora.- Spux 6ul yMeH H cMeIIJII{B' rpy4ollto6uB I{ Ko MysHKe' K HHocrpaHBceMy cnoco6eH - K ToqHbIM HayKaM I{ HbtrM s3bIKaM Lt cnopry. tlpu croficrnennofi euy 3aAyMqHBocTE oH o6laAa.n He It3MeHqBIIII'IM eMy HHKorAa qyBcrBoM 74

3. H. luauugroB r.t C. B, fnauu[rosa rcMopa. Ho rnannuM B 9pHKe 6uun ornercrBeHHocrb, cMeJrocrb (rce rpynHoe oH KaK 6u nrex4y npoqltM rcen,u,a 6paa Ha ce6g) t| noHf,THe qecrH noJtKa, ceMbH, xeH- Po4uHu, ultrHbl. fl nuror4a He Bcrpeqara MeHee gror{crHqHoro n 6onee MyxecTBeHHofo qeJroBeKa, HHKOTAa He B[Aena TaKOTO crpororo noAqHHeHHc rucoqafturnM MopanbnHu ycronm. H nprt gToM KaKafl cKpoMnocrb-c qacro nadnrcAana, KaK nnAt| noHaqany He SaMeqarcT ero cpeAH Apyrnx, a fioroM BuAersrcr H He Moryr or Hero oropBarbcfi. Ero Henreg 6u. no o6uanyrb, ganyrarb He noroMy, qro oH 6uu npoxllqarerbnee ocraJrbnbrx, npocro Bcf, Kac Qa.ntur orropraJracb 4 or Hero He 3a4enar.> HaxoAqcu B gMnrpaq[r, 3. H. fuaqnnroa BcerAa )ro4Jr

MbIcJcMH o Poccnr, MeqraJr o Bo3MoxHocr[ BogBparrleHun Ha Po4nHy, ocraBascb B ro xe BpeMr BepHbrM csouM HAefiHbIM HpaBCTBeHHbtM npHHrIHnaM, qyBcTBy AOJrra, Mopanb't Hof, orrercrBenHocrrr nepeA npeAKaMH n norouKaun. Ha cKnoHe reT oH n[caJt C. B. fnaqnHrosofi: <Ec,nn 6H qacoBan crpenKa nepeABHHynacr 6u Ha 50 ,ner nasa,q, e 6u cHoBa noBTopHn To, rtTo KorAa-To cAeIaJI, HHqerO He ll3MeHHB B csoefi cyAu6e... {ro xacaercc MeHs, To, Aaxe 3naa Bce r(aracrpoSu, R He Mor n He cMeJr nocryn[tb nna.re. IIo

xpafinefi Mepe fl yfi4y xs smfi xnsHr, a ero, neponrno, 6yAer cxopo c qncrofi coBecrbn. Ha une HeT HHXaKOTO nf,rHa...> 5

75

Bropar xena 9. H. firaqunrora, 3on Cepreerna (19031970), ypoxAeHHar MaprunoBa, Aorrb noJrKoBH[Ka [MneparopcKofi apMrr[, poAnna eMy rpex cunonefi, npoxnBanqnx HltHe B rrrrare Hrro-,ll,xepcn. Crapunfi - I(upull, xpynnnfi 6ucnecuen, npe3[Aenr KaMnaHHn oAPf HHrepHeftIrrHJr>, ne4yqefi yxe 6oaee 20 aer coBMecrHo c coBercxrrutr yqeHbrM[ BaxHHe pa6oru s o6racrn melxqnncxofi n Sapruaqenrnqecxofi npoMbrrrrJreHHocru. 6Cpe4nufi - Huroaafi, usnecrHufi yuenufi-6noxnunr, npo$eccop Hrro-HopxcKoro yHnBepcr{rera. MaaAuufi cun no o6paeo- Ceprefi, BaH[ro aHTponoJror. Bce oHH poAr{n[cb Ha .ryx6nne, no 6sau nocnr{TaHbl B Ayxe uro6sH Ir yBaxeHHR x Poccnr, ee HapoAy, ncropr|Il, Kynbrype I| nocrapaJllrcb B cBorc oqepeAb np[Bl{Tb 9To cBoI{M AeTCM.

Meuyapuoe uacreAne 9. H. fnaqnHroaa recrna o6-

trrHpHO. 6yly'ru npaxcKr{M cryAeHToM, oH HanHcaJI r{ nepe-

Aan B apxlrB pyKonlrct,t o6ulum o6reuou 6,5 anropcxnx JrtIo6cra, 7 a B KoHrIe 60-x - Haqare 70-x roAoe npoA,urronal or flepBblx cronTeJlbHble BocnoMunanfif, Toro xe o6teua BneqarJreHnfi 4ercrna lo Bropofi uuponofi rofiHu.8 Cpe4u gTI{X MaTepUaJIoB, y)I(e norHocTbrc noAroToBJIeHHbIx K ll3AaHnp, oco6oe Mecro aannMaer oAHa H3 rpex npaxcK[x rerpaAoK-nocBculeHHac co6blrnsm 1917 r. n Poccnu.

C cauoro HaqaJIa llepnofi unponofr sofiHbl 9. H. fnaqunroB cnyx<nn so 2-fi 6arapee 3-fi rpenaAepcxofi 6puna4rt u x l9l7 r. 6u,n ura6c-ranuraHoM, craplxl{M o$nqepom 6arapeu. B cnoux BocnoMnHaHl{flx oH rrasaMn yqacrHxKa co6urufi paccKa3nBaer o ru6e,tbHblx AJc pyccxofi apMnlr npoqeccax B nepnoA or tDenpalc x Oxrs6pro, npxo nepeAaer HacrpoeH[s SpoxronuxoB, npexAe Bcero KaApoBoro oQnqepcrBa, oHaquTerbHac rlacrb Koroporo cblrpaJla 3areM Br{AHyrc ponb B rpilKAaHcKofi sofiHe - KaK na roft, rax u Ha Apyrofi cropoHe. Ho ne B eroM, KoHeqHo' yHnKanbHoerb [aHHbIx BocnoMuHannfi. ,lle.rlo n ToMr qro ocHoBHoe BHHMaHHe B HI{x yAeJIeHo o6crosrenrcrBaM noAaBreHnc aHTlrnpaBurenbcrBenHblx BblcrynneHnfi qacrefi IOro-3ana4noro SpoHra B rrpJre 1917 r., B Koropbtx <BoJIeK) cyAe6> AoBeJrocb np[HcTb AeflreJrbHoe yqacrlre aBropy. <Aa6u He HaBJIeqb Hl,t Ha Koro Kapanulefi Aecnnqbt coBercKofi nracrn>>, 9. H. fnaqnnron eaurnQponaJl 3anLtcKI{, JII{IIIb 6yrraun o6osHaqns Ha3BaHuc BoLtHcKIrx qacrefi n Saun,lnu o$nqepoB. Hsyrenue H conocraBJleHue MarepnaJloB pa3nnqHblx SoH4on IIf B}fA CCCP nosBoJILtJIo npol{oBecrl{ noflHyp Aeruu$ponxy pyKonnctl. B perytrrare BbIqHHJtocb, qro perlb lrAer o caMoBoflI;HoM yxoAe c 6oenux nosuqnfi 46-fi nexot sofi Aunnssu n oco6enHo o BbIcrynneHHH BxoAHBIIIero B 76

9ry AnBHBT{ro l8l-ro Ocrpouencroro nonKa. HueHHo sror noJIK B KoHqe KoHqoB noABeprcr aprnllepuftcKoMy o6crpeJry KoMaHAyeuofi aBropoM 6arapeu. B Heo6ospnMoM Mope Hayuuofi r MeMyapHofi lnreparypbr o pyccxofi apunn 1917 r. aToT cnxeT ocTaJrcs coBep[reHHo HeocBeuIeHHbtM Mex TeM KaK coo6qaeuue 9. H. fnaqsnronuM cBeAeHHr- o norepcx <6ynronqnron> (154 qe.loneKa, r{3 roux 48 y6nro) cBnAeTeJrbcTByrcT, qTo gTa KapaTeJrbHaq onepaqHf, 3HarIHTeJrbHo npeBocxoAnT no cBoIrM TparnqecKHM peSynbTaTaM BCe, H3BeCTHbre AO HaCTOCUIeTO BpeMeHn.

Bocnouuuaunn ny6anKynrcs no pyKon[cu noJrnocrbKr,

6ee xar[x-ru6o rynnp. e Crapan opQorpaQnc saMeHeHaHa coBpeMeHHyrc. B xna4parnue cxo6xn 3aKrnqeHbr 4erun$poBaHHHe HagBaHHR Bor{HcKHx qacrefi n Qauuanu BoeHHo-

cnyxaqrx. 3aroaosox 4an ny6lnKaropoM. Ilo4roronxa

KoMMeHrapns ocyu{ecrBJreHa rJraBHbtM o6pasoru Ha ocHoBe AoKyMeHroB UfBI,lA CCCP, a raKxe paeantnofi BoeHHo[crop[qecKofi u cnpanoqnofi Jrnreparypbr. ..t l{eurpa.lr-luq{ rocyAapcraexuuft BoenHo-Hcropuqecxufi apxua CCCP (,qaaee-UfBl4A). O. 920. O;. l.

A. 2810. JI. 9; @. 3675. On. 2. 0,. 426. JI. 9ll-913.

2 Bunncxa_r{3 npuKa3a Ne_21 ($2) no 2-rrry AHBH3r.roHy .

Aprur.nepuftcxofi neHepara Mapxona 6pura,u:u. 2 utols 'aDxtle 1920 r., celo Mnxafilosxa ll JIuqnHfi Kupu.rua

fna[uHrosa_(r. Maynrexcaft,q, Hrrc-Axeicu, CIXA).

3 Cu.: boprHescxuri B. l) pa6arrlll He cra,ru.

HelrsgecrHue crpaHuubr rparuuecr6rt ltcropulr pyccxofi

eMr{rpaqrr nepaofi sotuw ll Vqnremcxaq iaseri.- lggg.

5 oxrr6pn; 2l trluxu BpeMeHH. ll Tau xe. 1g89. B0 Hoa6pa. a f uaquurona CoQrs. C nausrrp Haear.rne.

M., 1989. C. 46r-462.

s C Poccuefi e cepaqe! IIg nuceu Opacra Huro.nae-

euua,faaquxroaa Cotpre B;la4nrtruporn6 fnaqfiHroeofi

/ ny6aarauua u npe4uolonue B. Dopnrencxoro// JIeHss-

rpa,l,cxrlft yur.rBepcurer. 1990. 5 svnapi.

6 Cu. floucr. 1989. N! 26. C.7.'

7 UeurpalrHnft rocyaapcraennufi

apxua Oxrr6prcrofi

peBonrour.ru, Bbrcu[x opranoB rocy]IapcrBeuHofi s",racrl.t u

ynpaBJtenrrs CCCp (aa.nee-[fAOp

lo-cy4apcrB_eHHoro qCCPl. O 58!1. On- 2. n: 309 (<Bocnorr.runanur>), A. 310-3ll (<Ee.nne pa6u. Bocnounianr.rs Karrparra o ,I(H3HII pycCKI,IX B UHOCTpaHHOrr,l .nernOxe>), 8 f uaur.rHros 3. H. Bocnouusanur (opurr.rna;r ItarnuroQouuofi aanrcu) ll fla,anwfi apxnn Knpr.r.nia fuaUI-IHTOBA.

'g U|AOP CCCP. O. 5881. On. 2.

n. 809. 25 .rr.n.

77

BOCTIOMHHAHIIf, flocleAuLre roAbr yHecrn c co6ofi MHofo pyccKilx ;KI13Herl. flpo,rlt,'rocb ueJroe Mope KpoBH B Mex{Aoyco6nofi sofi* He. Bo.rep cyAe6, MHe npHIIrJIocb eure Ao Haqa"ra fpa)KAaucxoti Bo!"rHbI, B To BpeMt, KofAa renepaJl Jlaap feoprtte-nuu l(opnnnos, 6yAyuu BepxonHuu l.nasHorotuaHAylourll'\'l', AeJra,r [ocJIeAHI{e [onbITKLI CraCTIz pyCCKy]o .IecTb, 6uTb oAHHM Ir3 rJraBHbIx 4eficrnynulux J'lHIl xponanoli rpaMbl, nponcrrreArrreii n paftone Epoau-TapHorIoJIb. Co6urue, Koropoe fl onucblBalo HI{xe, Ao c}Ix nop He npeAaBaJlocb or,qacKe. Bpeueuuoe npaBI{Te,'IbcrBo, cHAguree MexAy AByx cryJlbeB, no BIIoJIHe noHqrHbIM co6paxeunru He MofJro orJlaclrrb ero, TaK KaK 3To 6tl sblesaJlo 6o,rluoe HeyAoBoJrbctsue Coseroo pa6ovnx E coJIAarcKHx AeIIy_ra-

toi. ElnncrtseHHafl gaMerKa, flogBuBllraficfl B ra3ere .<KtreBcKaq MbIcJIb>> B KoHIre llro,rq l9l7 roAa, coBepuleuHo He

AaBa,'Ia qcHoro npeAcraBJleaug o6o BceM [poficIIIeAuIeM.-* Tau 6u,ro crasaHo npn6lusnteJlbHo cJleAyrouree: l6 sto"rts pac[oJroxeHHe... flexorttoft AusEgHH, orKa3aBlueficn nucry-

narb Ha lto3llqnn, 6u;to ouenJleHo orpsAoM KaBa,']Iepnlt ]r aprr.rJIJIepHIt. batapea... rpena4epcxoft aprH.nlepulicxoit 6pnra4u BbInycrLIJIa no AHBHSHH TpII upanHeJ'III Ha Bblco-

ll3bgBll.tllt KHX pa3pblBax, nocJle qeno Bce IIoJIKH 2. '.rlBrlSIlH cor,'racue Ha BbInoJIHeHue 6oegoro npuxasa>> a Ha cauou Aele 6uno Bbrnyqego He rpl{ cuaptAa' qeM rlerblpe, pa3pblBax' o Ha BbIcoKHx H He BoceMbAecflT r{e-

cBHAereJIbcrByIor norepl{ 6yHroruluxoB' cro rtsrbAecqr Tbrpe qeJIoBeKa, H3 KoHX copoK Bocel\,tb y6urnx. O6crpe"rtlBa,rracb He Bcfl AHBLlgHfl, a ro,'IbKo O' (crponeHcxuft) no,rx' nprr Koropottl se 6uno oQHqepon n xoropnft B gror nepHOA

oi.rr[,{arci sau6ortrunrrl 6yficrnoM 3. BuAq peuI.ITer'IbHbIe

Mepbr npaBHTeJIbcrBeHHHx softcx, ocTaJIbHbIe noJIKH ns6ynrosasueiicR AIIBI.I3IIH Il3bRBIlJIIt noKopnocrb, He xeran

noABeprarrcg yqacrl'I O. (crpo,reHcroro ) no,'IKa. B csoux BocnoMHHaHI'Iflx f cqer HyxHbIM paHb[Ie' qeM nepefirn K o[IicaHlln caMoro neqaJlbnoro co6utua, s o6ulix ueprax o6pncoearb cocroflHue 6arapeu, n roropoli R c.nyxun, n oxpyxaroqux ee qacreii. @alranlnn oQnqepor H Ha3BaHI{fl .Iacreil He Ha3bIBaIo, 4a6u He HaBJIeqb HII Ha Kor'o Kapanqefi .Aecnuubt coBercKoft snacru.

Bcn-suuy-s 1916-1917 roAa Halxa-6arapex 4. npocroR,ra [IIeJrsoBcKoM necy Bo.nuHcxofi ry6epnnu" Ha noslluuH Oxonu uaurefi n ueueqxoft nexorbl HaxoAIlJIHcb oqenb 6ags-

* 3,[ecb u Aa,'Iee Bce AarH [PnBoAflTcs no crapoMy crnnn.

78

Ko Apyr or Apyna. Mecraun c6;tuxesue AocrllraJlo BoceMHaAIlarII [IaroB, TaK uro npoBorol{Hble 3arpax(Aeuts 6ultl

B :3rHx Mecrax o6ulne. fIosHIII'Is 6n.na ue us croxofiHrrx'

flo uoqau uepe6pacunaJll'Icb MI'IHaMI{ II.3- M:HHoM€ToB' Koropbre pa3pbIBaffcb tlpousBoAI'{JIu oruIyilarculnil - rpoxor. flexorgue qacrn, KaK HaIIrfi, TaK H .nporlIBHHKa, 6naroAapff cu,'rbHoMy c6;lxxeunlo olleHb HgpBflI'IqarH H qacro BbI3brBaJrH 3arpaAuTeJlrsufi oronr aprlulJleplin. Taxsn'r o6pa3OM IIO HOqaM TO TyT, TO TaM BcrIbilxI',IBaJIa AoBoJIbHo oxI'IB-

reHHaq nepecrpeJlKa. Earapeu uaun 6u.rs o6nnlso csa6" )KeHbr cHapflAaMli LI MbI, He cTecHttgcb, pacxoAoB?JIH HX; Ha sa6;rroAareJlbHblx nynKrax BbIcJIelKhBa.[lI repMaHcxue 6arapeu, Koropble nocJle lrpl{crpeJIKlI irlu o6crpeJIHBaJII'I yAyIIJHBLIMI.I CuapflAaMu. Haura ltoslillus 6ltna oqeHl xopo[ro yKpblra or.B3opoB rIporI'rBHHKa il Hau{yrlarb Hac He' i,leuxoii isxe,loft aprIr,'IJIeplru He yAaBaJIocl. B,raroAapR o6s.nxp JlecHoro MarepuaJla 3eMJIIHKI'I co,'IAar 6u;tn orJrr4qHo o6opyAoaaxu, JlouraAn crosJIH rloA HaBecoM; y nepeAKOB 6una ycrpoeHa npeKpacHas Sanr; c,'IoBoM ycrpoHJILIcb Ha cJIaBy co BceM Bo3Mox(HbIM xoiraQoprou.

CorAaru 6H.[Ir no,{rli Bce crapble H orHo[IeHHr MexAy HlrMH r.r oQuqepcxuu cocraBoM 6u.nu ranne, Jlyqure Koro' pbrx H xeJlarb 6H.rlo He.n'rsn. C aHnapfl Mecq(a HaqaJJH IIoroBapuBarb o HacryrIJIeHI{H, foroBqureMcg c Hauefi cropoHbl. Bce ronopn.no sa ero, s oco6eHHocru Hacrosuraq 6oivl6apAnponxa or pa3Hblx rbIJIoBbIx flpexAenuft pas.nu'lnuMH 3arlpocaMl.t o cocroflHllu 6oesr,lx tipnllacoB' cafiof, urnse,refi, cyxapefi H ra:x Aa,'Iee. V o6o sceM HaAo 6Hno qeM B Tpex AOHOCHTb <<CpOTIHO>>, <<CeKpeTHO>> lI He MeHee eK3eMn,rrgpax. MnaAruue oSnqepu 6arapeu ue pasru6alcr qeprri,rur pa3Hble KpoKIz H cxeMbl, a 3aBeAyloulltii xossficrBoM cocraBJlr,'I caMble pasnoo6pasHble BeAoMocrra. B Senpa,re coceAnxfi c uaureft 4unusueii yqacroK rIocerLIJI rd'IaBioxouan4ylolrlnfl loro-sarlaAuoro $poura renepaJl EpycuJros 5 lt AoJIro ocMarpItBaJI rloAcrylbl K rro3ulruqM nporuBHuxa. 3ro [ocJIeAIIee etrt.e 6o.nee yKpenHJIo Hac Bcex B MbIC,']H, qTO TOTOBHTCfl 6o,rluroe HacTy[JIeHIie. Bce urr BepHJII{, r{To pe3yrbraroM SToro HacrylJIeHI'Ir 6yaer no6eAouoesoe oKoHr{aH[e softHb,I. flonnrNxofi HITKTo Hs uac oco6enuo He LlHrepecoBarcq. Ilpasla nce 6u.nu par,ocrno B3BoJIHoBaHu i6uricrnou Pacnyrnna 6; soo6ue pyrAJIH TbI,II II B IIAETHOCTT |IPOTONONOBA 7. B ETOM I-I tsbIPA. xa.rrocb Bce Halle yqacrlie B no,'Inrl4qecxoil >xltaHl'i cTpaHbI' flepnoro Mapra Ber{epoM AoIx"Il'{ Ao l{ac [epBL'Ie Becrl{ o oo6nrusx a llerporpaAe 8. Bneqa?JIeHI'Ie 6stno oure.nolt,qsrcu,ee. Ao czx nop Bepl{,'Iocb B 3ApaBr,lii cuuc;n pyKoBo-

AHTeJIeIi [oJIHTHqecKoft xusHll, KagaJlocb, qro y HHx xBarHT

tsce-TaKn narpnorll3Ma Ailfl rono, uto6br orJroxlTb cBou naprnftune cqerbr Ao oKoHqaHHq sofiHbr. OAsaxo gericrruTenbHocrb noKa3aJra nporr.rBHoe. B nepnuft MoMeHr Ha Bcex Hac Ha[JJro caMoe MpaqHoe oTqatHHe, Ta{( KaK HHKTO He

AyMan, rrro npa'BHTenbcrBo 6es scsxoro conporr.rB,'reHLrff orAacr BJracrb. flcHo 6u.no, qro BHyrpeHHHe 6ecnopn.4ru or3oByrcr rn6elrno Ha c\ocroqHun Qpoura, 3Haqur copBercg HacTy[neHne H eule gaTqne1cq goftHa. Huxro, KoHerIHo, He

_Mor ce6e npeAcraBriTb HHoro oKoHqaHr.rr sofirrb{ KpoMe

no6e,('Horo.

9ep,ea ABa AHfl npnrrren MaHuQecr focy,qapx Huneparopa-o6 o?peqeHnn or fipecrona u uauueecr Belnxoro xisgs Mnxanna A.nencaH4poBlqa e. KouasAr.rp 6arapen lo, H€ 6yayun B cuJrax sr.rrarb arn uaunQecrbr coJrAaraM caM, nopyrrur ero cAenarb MHe. flpourr o6a rrlaHuQecra nepeA crqge_y, n or ce6q 4o6annl, qro 304 roAa roMy HasaA nepHs AoMa PoMaHosHx Mnxaul <Deioposuq cnic 1ufi I{apr P_occuro ll, tl renepb cnacer ee ero npaBHyK, roxe Mnxau,r.

Hxxaxnx corrrHennft B ToM, qm Ml.rxaa.lr A.nexcanApoBr.rq 6yaer npocurb Vupe,qure;rlHoe co6paune B3srb BJracrb B cBolr pyKlr, y MeHfl He 6uno. He ro.nrxo Mbr, oAHaKo, Ho H coJrAarbr Har[r.r B To BpeMr He MorJrlt ce6e npegcraBurb Pocclr_ro peo!y6.nnxofi. Co.n4aru MoJrqa nuclyuraln o6a uaunOecra. Hnxlo r.r3 HHx HHKaKHx BocroproB He Bbrpaxa,r. fleproe BpeMR nocJre nepeBopora nogr.tuuoHHafl xllsHb nporeKaJra KaK B'cerAa 6es xaxax-an6o usMeueHHfi; rolrKo fioqry_oxriAanl{ c eu1e 6o.tturnu HereprreuueM, r{eM o6rr.IHo. Bce c x(aAHocrblo HaKHAbIBaJIlrcb Ha ra3eTbl. Kompbre xaxAufi AeHb npnHocnJrr,r Bce 6onee n 6olee MpaqHbre HoBocrlr. C seflHgaftullM yAtrBJreHHeM y3HaJrn vlr o cyurg-craoBaH[n Cosera pa6ouux H conAarcKnx Ae[yra12, ToB

Ho HHKaKoro gHaqeHug eMy He [pIrAaJrI{.

Orgoruennn MexAy HaMI.I H coJrAaraMlr He r{3MeHn.;rHcb. flepeueHa 6ula rolrxo BHerlrHgfl: MbI crapar'Iacb IIM roBopI{Tb <<tsLil>>, a oHIt roxe crapar'IHcb BMecro <Baue 6,laro_ poAr.re> HagbrBarb Hac tto unuy 13. r{ro6u ueu-uH6_ygl orrennrb peBonrcql,tn coJrAarbr peIIIHIH ycrponrr o6rqee co6paxHe. Kax nepBoe co6paHlle, TaKlr-Bce nocneAyroq[e npoxoAr{Jrn B noJrnefiureu nopr4_ re. O6Hq'Ho npeAceAareJreM srltx co6pauuft 6rilear r, ecJrr{ xe MeHr He 6n.no, ro xaxoft-Hn6yAb MJraArunfi oexrlep, craprunft ns flpucyrcrBoBaBurnx. Huxro K groMy coJrAar He npnHyxAaJr, a onr.r caMr.r raK pelxrun. EcrH so BpeMfl co_ 6panuft [pHxoAHJr KoMaHAHp ,6arapen, To npeAceAare,rrb KoMaHAoBar <Bcrarb, cMr.rpHo>>. I(ouan4np sAopoBa,,rc, c 80

<Mo,loAqaMu>, Koropble KaK o6uqno orBeqarn: <34pannn >r(eJraeM, nocnoAan noJrKoBHuK>. O6HrHoseHHo Ha co6paHHrx rrnraJrn ragef,bl, HHorAa xro-nu6y4r xs oQnqepon uu-

rar n pa36acusn [porpaMMy xaxofi-;rn6o naprlra, npnqeM

KOHeqHO BCe COqnaJIHCTHqeCKHe nporpaMMbI nOABepraJIHCb xecroqafiurefi rpnrnxe. Koe-xro Hs AoMopoqeHHbrx, K To-

My BpeMeHH yx(e o6rqslisurfixcg coqr{aJrucroB nbrraJlcfl Bogpaxarb, Ho oQuuepy KoHetrno He crouJro oco6oro rpyAa pas6nrl ero. 3ro HoBoflBJrerrnbre <co3nareJrbHbre>, no 6olrueft 'racrn MacrepoBbile uB o6o3a, Bce BpeMfi rrbrraJrncb BHecrH pa3Aop B Harrry recHyro 6arapeftnyro ceMbro, Ho Bce HX nontilrKH JrHrnBHAr{poBanHcb CaMHMT{ xe COJrAaraMIi. K coxaresnro, B ery 3HMy Ha HarueM Qponre 6u;ro AoBoJrbHo MHoro ga6oJlesaHr.rfl unHroft H noroMy y nac 6u.na cuJrbnaf, HexBarKa B JrroAflx. Co AHq Ha AeHb Mbr o)KHAaJTH npn6urxa nononHeHrir r{3 Tbrdrra. flono;lnenne ero npn6sl.no npu6;rHsnreJrbno B cepeAr.rne Mapra. Hononpu6uBrrrue, 3a HcK,'rrcqeH[eM AByx 6He[Jrix ropoAoBbrx, cpa3y xe npougBeJrn Ha Hac oqeHb He[pnqrHoe B[eqarJreHne. I4x rox coBeprxenHo He rroAxoAn.n x saureft 6arapee. lopo4ornx uarrrtt crapbre 6arapefiuu trpuHrnn xopoluo, H oHH 6ucrpo ocBo[d]rHcb co cBoI.{M HOBbTM IOJIOXeHHeU. oAUn H3 HHX 6u.n ne4e.nu qepe3 ABe noc!'re npn6nrnn y6nr npu oqepeAtrolrl_o6crpene yqacTKa, H COJrAaTbr HcKpeHHe xaJIeJrI{ efo. .[,nr uepes ABa nocJre npu6urua nono.nHeHHq 6una Ha3naqena _rlpncqra BpeMeHHoMy npaBurenbcrrny. Haura u Tperbn 6arapen nptlcsraJra BMecre Ha naureh nogHrIHH. Ha,ranbcrso co6pa.irocr s Haueft 3eMJrtHKe, KorAa no reJleQoHy 4o.nox(HJrn, rrro. nroAk rocrpoeHbr. Crapulufi oenuep rperleft 6arapet, .lrlofi ronapunl rto yqnJrnqy una6c-ranuran f.(a;rrcrep) t4 H fl norrrJrn ocMorperb "rlr6aefi. floAxoAs K tro3HuHll, MbI H3AaJIH 3aMeTHJrH CKBOSb AepeBbg KaKI{e_TO KpaaHbre nqrHa. flolofils 6nnxe, uu ynu4e.nu Ha Qlaurax 6arapeft KpacHbre 3HaMeHa u y Hexoroptrx coJrAar npnKperrJre,Hnbre K rpyAr.r Kpaoubre 6asru. Bce sro 6u.no c,ue_ JraHo KoHerIHo lroA BJIr.rsHI{eM npn6unurero norroJrHennr. flo,qofias K cBonM 6arapeRna, Mbr npnr(asa;rn y6part suaMeHa, gareM o6oru;nl QpoHr H codciseHHopyrrno nocHHMaJrH CO BCeX KpacHbre yKparrreHr{fl.

I{epeuouun npficqrH npouna coBepruenHo rnaAKo. rJneqarJreHufl oHa oAHaKo Hr{ Ha .Koro He npouanena. OrcyTcTBHe KpeCTa r.r eBaHteJrr.tff AeJranH Bcro 9Ty UepeMoHnro HeHyxHoft l,l 6yraQopcroft r5. Iloc;re npoqreHus reKcra npucsrn Bce paonncaJrucb r.r Ha groM nce 6uno KoHqeHo. Bcro_pe nocJre npllcrrn fl yexan B ornycK, ocratsr.rB Bce Haurn 6oesb,re qacru B rroJrHo,M nopx4re.-geM Aa,,Iblrre , orb_

8l

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Kaxyro-ro canep,Hylo pa6ory, raK KaK Hec.III{ ruaHqesblfi r.{ KrrpKII. Ha ipyau y Kax(Aoro Ks - Jronarbr KpacHuft 6aHr, MHofI{e ITIJII{ c na[EpocaHHX KpacoBaJrcq l'ln n ey6ax. f yxe'6nro co6pancfl ocraEoBHrb LIX n [oATrHyTb Kar{ cJIeAyeT, Ho c LI3yMneHHeM 3aMeTI{B noHypo nJreryrr{erocfl oKoJro KoMa'HAbI oQuqepa, Mo,'Iqa npoexa'"1 Mr.rMo. flo y,'rHuaira Jlyura 6po4lt.no MHoxecrBo coaAar caMofo rHycuoro BLIAa. llorrrl{ HHKTo It3 HI.Ix',He orAaBa"'I qecrb. Buaqa,re n npo6onal uyKarb LIx, Ho, B'HAE.: sclo 6ec' [oJlegHocrb raKoro gaHflTllfl, npoxoAlln MI{Mo, He o6paulax BHHMaHHa. Ha soxeare BMecro pacropofiHolo, qucroro n xopouo oAerofo )KaHAapMa, BCerAa uAeaJIbHo 3HaIOUlero pacrtuca'Hlle noe3AoB He roJIbKo cgoeft serKu' Ho H coceAuHx c ueit, yau4eJl KaKoe-ro HeAopa3yMeHI{e B o6MorKax, fiMeHylouleecs MHJlIluHoHepoM, Koropoe HI{ Ha oAI{H I'I3 BoIIpocoB He orBerI{JIo. OueaI'l4Ho, gTor co3Harelsnnft rpaxAaHHH npofyJILIBaJIcs IIo n,'Iarooprrae roJIbKo paln co6crBeHHofo yAoBoJIbcrBI'Ifl. I(apruna pasBa.{a apMHH no ruepe Moero npoABI'Ix(eHI.Is B TbId'I CTaHOBI'IJIaCb BCe qpqe E r{H'crpyMeHT

flpqe. ' 3an,reea,HHHft ceMer{KaMLI rt saraxeHHHft flerporpag, nepenoi-rHeHuufi npas4Holxaralou{HMHcfl COnAaraMH n AeKO"IIbTI.IPOBAHHbIMIt MATPOCAMH, NPCB3OUICJI CAMbIE MPAqHbIC

oxlrAaiuq t'. 3a BpeMfl cBoero npe6uaannn B ornycKe r BNOJIHC HAC,'IAAI{JICfl TbIJIOBbIM}I KAPT1IHAMII [I BO3BPAIqAJI'

cr o6parno n 6arapen KaK K ce6e Aon'Ioli.

Ha nosnu[H x<lt3nb reK,'ta KaK H npexAe 6es scqrux

lepeMeH. Hoebll{ 6u.n rollro HeAaBHo o6pasonaonnftcx 6aiapelisuii KoMurer. Cocta's ero 6u.n BrIo,IIHe xopourufi:18 npeg,'ce4ate.reu 6nn us6paH nparopurnK JI. (yxranoa) rr ceKperapeM BoJIbHoonpeAe,'ItrcquIlcn O. (yxc) le. EcrecrBeHHo, qro oHIr Ha[paBJlflJIH ncI'o pa6ory KoMHTera, Koropas He BbIxoAHJIa H3 paMoK apre"IbHoro xossficrea. Crapdr? naru KoMaHAI.{p 6arapen yexaJl B Apyryro 6prraAy, rae oH npLIHqr AHBI,I3I'IoH, a K HaNI 6rin saggageH KanETaH fI.(posoponcxrzft) 20. OH coBepIUeHHo He sHaJI .rlrcAeft'6araperr, raK KaK AO CerO BpeMeHH [poKoMaHAoBaJI aprI.IJI.repufict<lzl,t napKoM; B BI'rAy groro 6o,rlnreft qacrlrc'cro"IlKHBarbcg c co,'IAaTaMI{ no pa3,'Iilr{HblM BoilpocaM nplixoAl.'locu MHe 21.

Bcxope [oc,'Ie Moero npue3Aa MbI, IlocoBeroBaB[IHcb e

82

KoMaHAI{poM 6arapeu, ornphnH.nu a 6eccpouuufi- ornycx

crapofo rpe.rrr,u$e6e"rn 6arapeu rloArpanopulnxa MeAseAeaa. MHorne co,'IAarbl HMe,'tH sy6 nporuo Hefo l,t HaqaJlacb

TpaBJI[ CTapOrO, qeCT:HOrO II 3aCIy)KeHHOTO CO.n4ara. .[lln MeAseAeBa- 6arapen 6u.ua po4ublM AoMoM. flqrgaAuarn ,''I€T TOMy Ha3aA OH HaqaJi s Heft c,'tyx6y MoJIO,iI,blr{ coJAa-

roM, ocraJlcfl no oKoHqaHItIl c.rtyx6u Ha cBepxcpotiHylo II Becb orAadrcs lluTepecau 6arapen. Meuslncb Ko\'IaHAIIpbI 6arapeN, crapune I,I M,taAIItue oQguepu, oH xe 3Har'I, qro xouqin cnyx6y n csoeil 6arapee. B l9l5 roAy oH 6u"r paHeH B Hory c pas,qpo6,reHneM KocrI.I. Baraper 6Hna e orleHb Tq)Ke,'roM rror'rolKeHlil{ H ero HaAO 6tl.no cnenrHo SBaKyI{posarb. Hecrvrorpfl Ha ct{Jtbnyn 6olt, oH HI,I pa3y Aa)Ke He noMopulriJrcs, Ho KofAa ero yCaAI.IJILI B KoMaHAI'IpCKyIO Kor'lflCKy I'I MbI BCe IIOAOIIIT'II{ nOnpOuIaTbCq C HHM' CI'IJIbI eMy I{SMeHHJrH I1 ero yCaTOe ,'I[qo Sa,rHJIOCb C,'Ie3aMH. B nepnuri pa3 Ba Bcro cBoro c.nyx6y eMy rlpnxoAuilocb noxnAart 6aTaperc, Aa erqe B oqeHb rsxe,ruft MoMeHT ee cyqecrBoBaHHq. tlepes rprr Mecffqa eule He BTIoJIHe onpannaunilcn or paHeHHs oH BepHyJrcR o6parno, u cHoBa Ha KoHoBs3II n y opyAnft pas4ana,rncb ero noKpHKItBaHEq LI He 6bIao yroJrKa, cKpbrrorxc or ero 3opKoro B3rJrrAa. KoHe'IHo on Mor ceo6oAno ocrarbcfl B TbrJry, TaK KaK Hora nroxo cpocJracb I.r oH HaBcerAa ocra,'rcg xpoMbrM. Ho Huxaxag xpoMora He Mor,'ra eMy rroMel[arb BepHyrrcr o6parno e 6araperc II cHoBa npnHflrbcfl sa pa6ory. Moxso cMero cKa3arb, qro nan6onruafl qacrb uepuonofi pa6oru Jexai:ra Ha HeM. Con.qaru 6os.nucr ero nyqe onnfl H He .np6u;[r.

Caune JrenTflr.r u noo6qe HHKyAa HeroAnbre coJrAarbr, KoropbrM rJraBHbrM o6pasou H AocraBaJrocb or Hero B rrpex(Hee BpeMr, Tenepb BbIMeulaJrH csoro sro6y pa3rnrrnbrMu HacMeuKaMn s [3AeBarerbcrBaMu. HHqefi aBmpnrer He Mor ng6asnm MeAseAeBa or He3acJtyx(en,Hux ocxop6,reHnii, nogrorrry MbI H perxnJrn paccrarbcg c BepHbrM H qennuru pa6orHHKoM. Srnu 6arapee HaHocuJrcfl 6olruoft yqep6 xar 6oesoft eAHHHqe 22. Hacxo.nbKo s 3Haro, rr B Apyr.Hx sacrflx upousouno npn6lusureJrbno ro )r(e caMoe. B lo npeur KaK y Hac B aprnnJrepnn noJroxeHue eue coxpaHtJrocb BnoJIHe TepnHMbrM, B nexoTHDrx rracTfx pa3-

JroxeHHe uno ycHneHHbIM TeMnou. D"raroAapg Ko,'roccanbHbrM nor€ptM, rroueceHnbrM Ha flporqxeHnn Bceft BofrHbr 23,

crapbrx conAar u oQnqepoB B nonKy florrrn ue 6uao; nce xe HoBbre coJrAarbr, npu6unanruue Hs rbrJra, 6uan pasBPaUIeHbr a rHTaTOpa M n p83I HqHbrx corlHanHcTHqecKr.rx na p-

rxfi u 6uax cooepurenno rryxAr{ cJraBHbrM rpaAHrlHffM Harunx 6oesux noJrKoB.

g:l

OAsaxAu, B To BpeMfl KaK Harlra 6arapen BeJra oronb yAyIIrnIrBbrMH cHapflAaMu no o4uofi us 6arapeft nporHBHH-

Ka, Ha IIo3Hllr{Io tBIlJIa,Cb KaKaff-TO KOMnaHI{f BOOpyXeHHlrrx lexorHbrx coJrAar u norpe6onana npeKparrleHr{ff orHs. @nanroebrfi HaBoAqHK MoMeHraJrbHo [oBepnyn opyAue B cropoHy HeroAseB r.r npnrpo3lrJr HM Kapreurn. MuporBopIIbI HeMeAneHHo cMbrJIHcb, vt 6arapea npoAoJrxaJra Becru oroHb. B apyroft pa3 raKafl x(e KoMaHAa sBr.rJracb Ha Ha6.nrcIare.nrHnft nyHxr r.r nocraBnra qacoBoro oKono rpy6u lleftca (Ha6.nro4arorrHufi npn6op) c reM, .rro,6H oH He noA[ycKaJr x Heft aprullepuficxux oQuqepon. Mornsnpoaanu oHH cnofi nocryloK TeM, rITo renepb peBoJnoquoHHag AeMoKparl{ff cropo 3aKJrr,oqnr uup 6es aHuexcnfi H KoHrpH6yunfi, TaK qro crpe,'rfrb 6o.nlure He HaAo, a raK KaK Bce oQnqepbr r{'oHrppeBoJrrorlnoHepbr, To oHH aroro gaMr{peHHff He xorqr H rrogToMy crpenqror no HeMqaM. Huxaxue AoBoAbI He MorJrr{ paey6e4urs Hx, r{ oHr.r [poAonxanu croflrb Ha cBoeM. flo cqacrrrc HeMeqKar 6arapen Bcr(ope [ocJIe Hx npnxoAa HaqaJra o6crpe.nunaru pafiou sa6lpAareltHoro nyHKra. O4n'H 3a oAHr.rM oHH HaqaJrr{ Hcqesarb c nyHKra. Ocrasurncb B oAllrHoqecrBe, nocraBJIeHHHft ,{acosofi MaxHyJI pyxoft a, Bbrpyfa'B HeMueB, nocnerrrHJr HarHarb .cBoux roBapliqeft. floao6nbre 3nnsoAbr sce 6oree n 6o;lee o6ocrpx.rrn orHolrreHlrfl MexAy aprnnnepfieft z nexorofi, Koropbre Ao peBoJrroqlrs 6nru y Hac orJrr{qnbrMu. Mnoro pas MbI BbrpyqaJrr.r Apyr Apyra H3 TsxeJroro no.floxeuuq 2a.

HeAa.uexo or Haureft noerlqltx, Ha onyrxKe Jreca, rroMeIIlancE nonxosoft pesepB. Haur na6rroAareJrbHbrfi nyHrr HaxoAr{Jrcs B rroJryBepcre B'nepeAn 6a"rapen. fIoAxoA x ueuy 6rr.rr orxpnruft, H raM 6u.n npopur xoA coo6qesux.

Srnna xoAoira coo6ulegllfl Mbr noqrll HHKorAa He noJlb3oBaJIHcb, raK KaK co cropoHbr nporHBHI,IKa os 6ul npr.rKpbrr rpe6Heu. C Hexoropnx nop uo oQnqepaM-aprr.rJrJreplrcraM, I.IAyIrrI{M Ha Ha6rrcAarenrHuft nyHKT Ha Aex(ypcrBo, Lr3 pegepBa c onyrxKn Jreca craJrr{ [ocrpeJrn'8aru. Hauru xe conAarbr npoxoAr.rnn coBep[reHHo cno'xoftso; crouJro roJrbKo [oflBlrrbcfl oQuuepy, KaK HaqLrHailH cBr.rcrerb ttyrIl. OQnuepoa JrerKo 6u,ro ysuarb ro reMno3eJreHbrM 6prcxau, FroaroMy rpaxAaHe-co,rrAarbr HLrKorAa ne ourz6a.nncr. flpuIIIJrocb rroJrb3oBarbcfl xoAaMIl coo6ulesufi, uo y6eperas ce-, 6s se or rrporlrBHvrKa, a or cBor{x xe. He ;tyMaro, qro B raxofi.nu6ygb 4pyrofi apMr,ru Bo3Mo)KHo 6uno qro-su6ylr noAo6Hoe, .3aro uu MofJrH rroxBacrarbct, uro y Hac coJli rpaxnaHe, qro Harrla apMr{s cauafl cso6o.{Hag .4ATbr

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r.r3 Bcex cyulecrByrollHx.

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I,Is rura xe reM BpeMeHeM npr.rxoArlalt sce 6onee u 6o-

84

JIee Mpaq\Hbre HoBocru. <Ayurxa Kepencxtft> npoAonxan cbrnarb qBeTaMH KpacHopeqHs, noKopflt cepAqa I'IcTeput{HbIx AaM. Vxe os 6Hn eoeHHbIM H MopcKLIM MI{H}IcrpaMH25, a apMur n Q.nor, Bo3rJraBJIreMHe HM, HeyAepxnMo KarHJrHcb n 6ee4ny. 3ro 6u.no ffcuo AJII Bcex Hac, no 6opoTbcff c 3THM MbI He MOfJIll, TaK KaK BCgKaq BJIacTb HaA coJrAaraMn y Hac sa6.naronpe.MeHHo 6sla ug'tsra. Ocrana' Jlocb roJrbro MopaJrbnoe sosAeftcr,gke, Koropoe BcfllIecKH napanr.r3olBbrBaJrocb yrrae"noft arnraqrneft c Tbrna IIpI-| npecrylHoM nonycrr{TeJrbcrtse mro, KTo HagbmaJr oQuqepon cepArleM r.r Mo3r\cM apMr{Lr H HHqeno He cyMen cAeJraTb AJIff noAAepxaHws, ux aBropr{TeTa. C re,{eHr.reM BpeMeH'u tl e Haurefi 6arapea ece 6oflee H 6oree Haqaro cKa3brBarbcs BJrr.rflHr,re [p[,6blBurero tlolroJrHeHI{fl H noceuteHuft pas;ruvubrx Aenyraqwit us rEilna Ans osHaKoMJreHHfl c [oJroxeHHeM apMr{H Ha Mecrax r.r noAAepxaHr{fl s Heft yracarcqero Ayxa. B,csxoe raKoe floceuleHue NOqTII TOTIIAC X(C CKASbXBAJIOCb HA OTHOIIICHHI.I K HAM COJIAar. Onn sce 6orlue u 6o.ntrue cropour.rJrr,rcs cnoax oQtrrlepoB, flosBnJracb KaKaff-To upax4e6nocrb 'H HeAoBepr{e.

B oco6enuocrrr Hcloprr{.rrocb Hx ornolueHae Ko MHe, TaK KaK MHe, HcrroJlHffBrrreMy B ro BpeMff o6qga'HHocrn crapuero oQnqepa, npuxoAr{Jrocb noMI{HyrHo craJr,Kr.rBarbcs c HIiMH rJra'Bnurvr o6pasou no pa3JIHqHHrU XOSgfiCTBeHHbIM

BonpocaM. B4oxnoenreJreft H pyKoBoAure;refi anrnoQuqepcKoro ABr.r)Keuns 6u.rro rpoe. O4nn Hs HHx, 6orra6apgnp-Ha26, 'HMeHoBan ce6n crapbrM naprr.rfiunrnr EoArrHK gc-gpoM.lpy6run Ha conAar [por.r3BoAlrJr BnerrarJreHte cBoHMr{ peqaMH, KOTOpbIe ycHaIIlaJI pa3nltrrHbrMl{ H,HOCTpaHHbIMH CJrOBaMIr, gHarIeHHe Koropblx Anff Hero caMoro 6ulo a6co.nrcr_

Ho Her.r3Becrno. Ao peBoJrrouuu 6H.[ snorHe r.rcnpaBHbrM co,'rAaroM. Apyroft, noJrsK Moruqxnfi 27, 6*il ropaiao yuHee, a rroroMy r{ onacHee. B l9l4 roAy o,H Ae3eprnpotsaJr.

Bcrope ero nofiua.ln E npr{cyAr,rJrH .K HecKoJrbKHM roAaM KaropxHbrx pa6or. .[I,o or<ouuaHnR ,sofiHH ero ocraBr,rJrl{ B 6prara4e c reM, .Iro ol6brsarb HaKa3aHr.re oH 6yaer [ocJle BaKJrroqeHlrr Mripa. I(orr,rau4lrp 6araper, BIrAff ero crapaHHe 3aCJryX(HTb rrpouleHHe, [epeBeJI eto r{3 KOMaHAbI He_ crpoeBbrx n crpori. B xouqe l9l5 roaa B oAHoM l.rs 6oes oH 6rr,r pa'Heu, Ho Ao KoHrra 6oq ocra,sa,lcfl rrpt,t opv,u.I{H. Ba qro r.r no,'ryqnJr leoprneecxuft rpecr. Kar-feoiiaescxufi KaBaJrep oH aBr'oMarrzqecKr.r flepexoAr.rJr H3 pa3prAa urrpaeo.

BaHHbrx [r oceo6oxAaJ]rcr or HeceHas HaKa3aHlrrr. C iaMOro Harra,'ra peBoJrIoqHH oH IIpHHsJr AegTeJlbHoe yqacTHe BO BCeX XOMr.ITeTaX, HO HAKOIAa JrI{r{HO He BbrcTylaJr [po_ rnn oQnqepoo, np€Aroqr.rrar HaycbKr4Barb Apyfux. T-pe-

85

c caMoro HaqaJra ren 6o,lrureBltcrcKylo - Xapraruxun, Ho /qo. [opbl Ao BpeMeHH npoAe,'IbIBad'I 3To lponaraHAy, tuoSoq"ouocxnfi cocras sceft 6pnra4u se,r ce6s oe€Hb €.rur: Triri

HoAyrxHo. Hurro c coJIAaraMH He 3aHrpbIBaJI, LI Bce crpeMHJIHcb rro Bo3MoxHocrn coxpaHurb 6oecnoco6Hocrb qacrn.

EAuircrseHHbIM rreqa,IIbHbIM IIcKJIIoqeHITeM 6un xoltau4tip

3 6arapeu To,IIKoBHI{,K K.(apernH). Ka,qposHti oQuuep, 22 rol,a npocJtyxlrBuLlft s 6pnra4e, feoprueocruii xasa-

Jrep, oH co AHq Ha AeHb olI(HAaJI Ha3HaqeHnfl K yrBepxAeHHro B AoJrx(Hocrn KoMa'HAHpa I AususnoHa uaueti 6ptlraAu. OxuAat no,'IyqeHug npuKa3a, oH ocraBa,rcfl npII cgoeii 6arapee il cBoLIM noBeAeHHeM co3AaJI coBepIIreHHo HeBbIHocrrMoe noJroxenne cBoLIM oQHqepana. TorAa xax nce oQll-

qepu 6puraAbr coBepueHHo He IISMeHIIJIH cBoero orHollreHtrfl, K co,rAaraM nocJle peBoJIIoIlI4H, noJIKoBHlIr K. (apernH)

rpy6o 3aurpblBa,r c H,I{MI.I. Hnxro I'I3 Hac npu o6paqeuult K co,IIAaraM ue yuorpe6,'Iqr c,'IoBa <<ToBapuur>>, He SAopoBaJrcfl c HIIMI.I 3a pyxy H He yxpalxal ce6s pa3.lHr{HbIMII <<eu6neuaun ceo6oAb,I>>. Bce 9To npoAeJIbIBa.rI [o,llKoBHIIK K. (apernu) H 9ro crpalluo HM[oHHpoBa,'Io co,'IAarau' Pe3y!'Ibrarbl cKa3a,'Iucb ol{eHb 6ucrpo: Ha oAHoM Hs o6uux

cir6pauufi 3 6arapeu 6HJla aHHeceHa pesoJlloqllfl c rpe6oBaHueM yAaJIeHIrfl ncex oQnqepoB KaK KoHrppe_Bo,'IloqllonepoB H BparoB HapoAa. B nocraHoeJIeHI{H elou 6nna cAer'IaHa oroBopKa, qro 9To coBepueHHo__He Kacaerct I'ICTHHHOTO sauurnllKa cso6oAu no,'tKoBHHKa K. (apernua). Taroe na' crpoeHlle MofJIo nepeKnHyrbcn H B Apyrue 6arapeN, a no3roMy HaMI{ H pellreno 6nno npnuqrb caMble pellrnTenb*Ible Mepbr AJrfi ,'IHKBHAaqHn nary6uoro BrHqHHr peBoJ'IIoqI{oHHo HacrpoeuHoro urra6-oQnqepa. Bsnnncb 3a 3To Aeno ABa caMbrx crapblx otpuuepa 6pnra4u, Koropble nepeAaJIH no.nKoBHHKy. (.(apeiHsy) npocl6y ecex oQuuepoa 6pura4u He npHHIIMarb AHBII3HoH y Hac, a noxJlonorarl s Cranxe o HagH-a'reH[n B KaK]n'HH6yat apyryrc 6pura4y. Ha 4pyroii x(e .u,eHb nocJle groro oH BbIexa,'I n Cranxy, n 6o;ilrue Hn28. BHOSI HASHAqEHHOKTO V HAC O HCM HITIICTO HC CJIbIXA,I 6pura4u KoMaHAIrpy xe Haureli r',ty is 4pyrofi 6arapeu 3 6arapen 2e crosJto 6o.nuusx rpyAoB cHoBa co3Aarb rep[HMoe noJloxeHue s cBoeil 6arapee.

30 uaury floc.ne gHaMeHHToro Hacryrld'IeHss l8-ro nrcHl AHBn3nro c,Hf,JII{ c no3llullg. Hac nepex[AbIBaJ'IH ua ]OrosanaAur,rfi QpoHr He ro AJIfl pa3Bfirllfl_ycnexa' He ro upocro AJrs ycu.nenHn pesepBa apMIrII 31. Vcnex cpasy xe lro' Ka3aJrct HaM BecbMa coMHI'ITer'lbHIiIM' n6o uapn,ay c BocTopxeHHblMH peaflHtMI'r 6uan cBeAeHHt o6 orrage Hero86

Tqpbrx .qa€Teft' BblcTynaTb Ha'flo3lillltg; Bo BcfiKOM CIyr{ae M6T AOJIX(TI.U 6U.NU 'I,IATH AOBOJIbHO .CIIEIIIHO' TAK KAK AJIfl

npHBeAer{Hg B nopgAoK: BcgFo o6o3a L orAblxa qacrtM 6bIJro AaHO'TOr'rbKO rpn ,AHff. Bo opeuff, grofi TpexAHeBHOfi croqHKn spKo..6poca.Ilocb B rJla3a orcyrcrBHe HeApeMJI'IO.

uero oKa floArrpanopul{Ka MeABeAeBa. Bce 6uno He ro:

y6opKa ,'rorxaAefi AeJIaJIacb AoBoJIbHo He6pex<Ho, Ha BoAonoe'He 6u.ng roro l{AeanbHoro nopflAKa KaKoft 6ut;I npexAe, nroAr.r XOAHILI 6eg noqcoe H raK AaJIee, Boo6lqe sI.IAe-

JIOCb OTCyTCTBIie nOCTOfHHOfO HaA3Opa H nOCmSHHOfO nOA-

TflrrrBaHHfl conAar. flocrosHHoe na6.nrc4eHHe ocllqgcrBl{' uo 6u"ro roJrbKo BtseAeHLIeM ,B apMIrIr cBepxcpoqnocJlyxaulux; 3To 6u.n coneprueHHo HeSaMenuuufi sJreMeHT B ap.

MHH, Ha xoropuft r.r o6py.runncn nepnuft rrrKBaJr peBc,'rrcr{r.ru. 3to oruocltrcg roJrbKo K aprl{JrJrepnn LI KaBaJIepI{H, TaK KaK B neXOTe CBepXCpOrrHUe 6Urn SH6Iirr,r B Haqar-re BoiiHbr, a yqeJreBrxlle K. MoMeHry peBoJrroqnn 6u.rlr yxe

,qaBHo o$uqepaun. V sac a 6arapee saMeHurb MeAseAesa 5u.no uExenr. Ocraemnftcs Brrrecro Hero 6un, no-uepBbrx, CJIHIITKOM ,MOJIOA, a, BO-BTOpbrX,. BCTynI{JI B AOJIX(HOCTb $enratpe6eJrff Bo BpeME peBoJrroqfi]r r.r He qyBcrBoBaJr noA

HoraMI{ mep4oii noqBbr. floc,re rpexAHeBHofi croqHxu Mbr BbrcrynriJrr.r B HanpaBJreHrrH Ha Tapuono.tr. III.nu oqeHb cnerrno, 6es 4neoox 32. flo 4opore peBorroqrouHafl apMr.rr coBepruenHo pasopqJra rvrl{pHoe HaceJreHre. co;rAaru r'roBnJrn xyp, pas6apaJrfi Ha ApoBa sa6opu n QoprraeHHuir,r o6pasoM ynnrrrox<aJrr.r. Bcrper{aB[rr{ecfl tto nyrlt Qpyxronue caAbr. flpn eroru coBeprueuHO He npr{HHMaJrocb Bo BHr{MaHr{e KOMy 3TOT CaA npr{HaAJex{rrr: HeHaBr{crHorrly 6ypxyro, rroMerrluKy HJrr{ 6egHorray

KpecrbsnirHy. Hurro [pr.r eroM He AaBaJr ce6e rpyAa o6puBarb ri,'IoAbI c BeTorK, a ftpocro o6py6a.n ller'Ibre setsH. Harun 6arapefiqH s aroM orHorrreH[H BeJrrr ce6n 6esyxopne-

HeHHo. O4aH as MoJroAbrx o6py6nn 6onsruyrc B€rxy t1speIrrHH, Ho cefttrac xe 6un ocraHoBJten lr cu,'rbHo o6pyrau cTapbrMlr coJrAaraMr.r D-ro HIO,rrfl Mbr 3ar{oqeBaJrH B oAHoM nepexoAe oT IIeJru

HaIIIero ABHxeHrrfl*TapHou,oJrs, Bep'crax s l5-rlr B Tbr,'ry Irosnrrurr 33. Ha yqa,crKe rrpffMo flepeA HaMa cronJra rperbeoqepeAHaff Ar4BLrsr4fl, cQopuuponarrHafl ToJrbKo groft slr, Moii 34, <<Co.nAalcxl.rii secrHr.rK>> ceiiqac xe coo6uuJr. lrro

B oAHoM Lrs rroJrrnoB srofr Ar-rsusfiv Ha Ausx 6u,r pacronran fla MrirrrHre KoMaHArltp rroJrKa 35. IlexoTubre rroJIKIr uaurefi 36 Hoqeearu a ALtBrrBuA apyroft .{ep€BH€; Orono iraca Hoqrz Ha Qponre [pquo nporrrB Hac HarraJrcs cunruufi opy4urt. nHfi oroHl. Crpe.nt6y HaqaJrlr 6arapeu npornBHuKa. Oxono

87

Tpex qacoB yrpa oroHb Aocrnr anoreq 37. Cra.rro oqeBr.rAHHM, rrro na QpoHre nponcxoAnr rrro-ro cepbgnoe. flpeacraBnrb ce6e, uro peBonroqnoHHbre conAarbr, rornryrqae Ha cMepTb cBolrx KoMaHAHpoB 3a npr{3brB K HacTy{rJreHHK), arar(ynr nporrrBHnKa, 6uro oqesr rpyAHo. 3uaqnr 9To HeMqbr npeAnpKHfl,JrE HacTynJreHHe, H cJreAoBaTeJrbHo HaM npl.{AeTCg BJre3aTb B gry rrrcT,opHrc. B oxnAasnn noayqeuun nprKa3auuf, Mbr floceAJrann H 3a,KnyHHqHJru noruaAefi. Oxo.no qerblpex qacoB yrpa 6nn nolyqeH [pr{Ka3 HeMeAJreHHo BbrcTynHTb, He oxllAar noAxoAa cBoHx [oJIKoB, Ha yqa,cTKH noJIKoB, SaHI{MaI,OUIHX rIOgHIlHH. Kax oxasaJrocb B[IocJreAcrBnH, ABnrarbcs 6es cnonx IroJrKoB MLil AoJIxHbI 6HJIN g BHAy roro, rITo oHH gaMHTHHTOBAJII{ HAIA HM HA NO3HIIHIO HJIH HET; HAIIAIbCTBO B ox(HAaHHr{ oKoHgaHLIg MI{THHra peuI.IJIO, He Tepgs BpeMeHH, ycuJrarb no xpaftHefi Mepe aprnJlJlepnro Ha[Iero )rqacrKa, He 3Haq roro, qro K sroMy BpeMeHLI rno3llullfl yxe 6u;la 6porueHa. flo nonyueuux upLIKa3aHHq 'Bce lrecrb 6arapefi 6pnra4n Bbrrr'HyJrrcb no cBoLIM HanpaBJIeHnsM 38. EABa MbI BbIIIIJITT H3 AepeBHH, e xolopofi HoqeBaJIH 3e, KaK oroHb Ha QpoHre cpa3y crnx. CurrHuft ryn cMeuurcq xylxoii rnuruHoft... O6rscneuse upHrrLIH Hacrynnnllreft rnruuHu ne 3aMeAJII{nO qBnTbcg nepeA HaMn B JIHIIe nOKa3aBIIIHXCS 6erreqos. BLIA y unx 6nl rxycttnfi H mBparure.ilrsuft. Bce KoHerr'Ho 6es sNH'rosoK, a HeKoropble n 6eg caflor. He o6paqar BHHMaHHfl Ha HEx H He paccflpalul{B4fl, MbI ABHraJIr.rcb AaJrbIIre.

Vxe 6u.no coBepluenHo cBerJIo. Bnepe,qu HaA AepeBbqMH, K KoropblM MbI noAxoAHJIIt, noBaJII'IJI AHM. Kyuxa 6erJIeIIOts, 'BCTpeqaBIIIfiXCg HaM, CTa'HOBHJIaCb BCe ryue Il ry-

ule. Bu4 y'Bcex 6u.rr pacrepsannblft. Haroseq, KoJIHqecrBo 6eryutux Hacr$nbKo Bo3pocJlo, qro Bo3HHKaJI yxe_Borlpoc, ecTb JrH xorb KaKl{e,uu6yAs rIacTH 'B[epeAI'I sac. Ha sautn

Bonpocbr oHH mJIbKO MaxaJILI pyKaMH I'I rotsOpHnlt, r{TO BCe norn6.nn H Bce nponaJlo. Brsrnsascr B AepeBHIo, MbI IIo-. naJrr{ ,B caunfi qeHTp fla'HItKH. flo y.llnqara ueranuct o60g-

HbIe coJIAarE[ H UHTeHAaTHTCKHe qHHOBHI,IKI'I, nblTaflCb 3a-

[prrarb noABoAbI H Harpyxarb Hx BcflKHM 4o6pou: cano-

raMH, IIII{HeJIxMLI, 6anrarau c 'KoHcepBaMH H TaK 4alee. He ycfleBara TaKat noABOAa rpoHyrbcq c Mecra, KaK Ha Hee

HareraJla KyqKa 6exa,gurnx c Qpoura, cKHAbIBaJa Becb rpy3 It, HeucroBo HaxJlecrhrBag .nouaAeft, yHocHJlacb B rbIJI. PyraHr r{ Kpr{,K BuceJII{ ts rBosAyxe. Bexastune nce lpn6uBaJrH H npn6noa;In. Koe-rAe yx(e nbIJIaJIo nraMq. Ho sor HaA AepeBHeft nossurrcb Atsa HeMeuKHx asponJlaHa H Haua.nu o6crpeJrl{Barb AepoBHto nyJIeMerHbIM ofHeM. Cyrvra88

roxa [oAHsnacb crpaluHaf. Tenepb y)Ke rlp-o-cro BblnpnraJlH JroruaAeft Hs rroABoA I{ yAI{paJII{ BepxoM. Kro ne yclleBan 3axBarHTb JlolxaAb cKHAbxBaJI CaIIOlu' ecnl{ oHH eule y Hero 6Hlrl, u 6poca.ncn6exarl 6ocnxou' floloxeHne naueft 6arapen 6u.tto orBparnreJlbHoe, TaK KaK o6esyuenuras or crpaxa roJlla MorJIa 6pocnrrcr Ha Harrrnx nouraAeft. Ko'ruan4up cKoMa,HAoBan pblcblo H MH, pa3roHsfl Bce BcTpeqaBureect HaM no nyTII, BbIIIIJII'I us 4epeanu. Ha xpan AepsBHI'I, rAe HapoAy -6uao ropae4o MeHbrrre, K HaM ,no46exa.n H,HTeHAaHTCXUfi qnHosltux H npocHJr BSgrb y Helo II3 cKJIaAa BCe, qro HaM HyxHor TaK KaK Bce paBHo oH Bce 6yaet cx(Hrarb. KouaH4np ocra-

BHJr [OAnpa'[opuIHKa, cTporo-HacTporo [pIIKaSaB He oqeHb

neperpyxarb [IoBogKI{ H B3srb roJIbKo caMoe seo6xoAll*roe. OmexaB or AepeBHLI HecI(oJIbKo caxeHeft, MbI Bcrpe' Tr{nH npynrry HocKoJIbKI{x nexorHblx o$nqepoB I{ coJIAar c BHHToBKaMH B pyKax. Bua Y IrHx 6n.n Ao,HeJlbss H3Myqe'HHsrft H uouypuft. floctrlorpea Ha Hac yAHtsneHHbIMI{ ula3aMlr, oHrI 'npeAynpeALIJIH, qro HIt'Koro BnepeAH yxe uer. Mu HaxoAHJrHcb B ero BpeMfl npHMepHo BepcTax B [oJlympa or peKr.r Ceper.

Vlg'rw gamure 6u;to frBHbIM 6esyuueu, Aa It He I'IMeflo HHKaKoro cMbIcJIa, TaK KaK HHKaKono 6oesonl yqacrKa yxe He 6uro. B oxsAasnu naureft flexorbl MbI peIIrHJln BCTaTb Ha rrro3HuHIO.

Co.nAaru 6ecnoxorilro nocMarpr.rBaJrn Ha3aA, orKyAa AoJrxnbr 6Hnn nonsnTbcfl qenu Harrrux [oJIKoB. Bot n uocneAHHe orcrynatolr1ue cKpLilJrncb Hg rJra3, a 'saureft flexorbr Bce Her LI Her. Tonrxo Bnpatso H BJreEo BLIAHo, KaK craHo-

'Brrcfl Ha no3nuur{ Hauru 6arapen. fl 6u.n sMecre c KoMaHAI,IpoM Ha sa6;lrcAareJrbHoM'nynKTe, HaxoAH,BuIeMcfl HecroonbKo B[epeAH r{ B cropoHe 6arapen. Or ,sac 6ur xo-

porrro BHAeH Be,cb \nporr{BorroJroxnuft 6eper H Mocr, coeAnHnnuruft o6a 6epera. flocae noryqacoBoro oxHAa',HHfl, B TeqeHLIe Koroporo ue 6u;ro saMe'nHo HfiKaKoro ABH)r(eHLIfl HH Ha 6epery nporn'BHr.rKa, Hu Ha ,HarrreM H3-ga npnropKa IIOflBHJIaCb IO.II,OBa KOJIOHHbI fleMUeB, HalpaBnglOUlaflCff K Mocry. Korouna rrrJra lrMeff nepeA co6oft ronoBHyro gacraBy c AosopaMn He 6olrure qeu B rronyBepcre. Oueou4uo, aSporrJraHbl AoHecJrH, rrro Bce 6exaro 3a peKy r.r nepexoA cso6oAeH. Hauux 6arapefi oHr{ He gaMerHJrH, TaK KaK B MoMeHT BeAeHHff paaBeAKH uu 6utn B AepeBHe. llo re.treQoHy c Ha6lpAareJrbnoro nyHKra KoMaHAHpa AH,Bu3noHa, c KoTophIM MbI TOnbKO trTO yerIeJIH CBgSaTbCq, [epeAaJrH oTKpbITb onoHb IIo KoJIoHHe B TOT MOMeHT, 'KOrAa OHa AO-

crnrner Aoporn, JrepeceKaroqeft rnanHyo. Sror py6ex or-

89

croflJl or :Mocra npn6rr.r3HTeJrbHo Ha 'Bepcry. Ha 6arapee B3flJtLr npu6nusureJrbHoe HanpaBJreHHe Lr npHroroBllarrcb K HeMeAJTeHHOMy OrKpbrTr.rlO orHq.

Myuure.nr,Ho npoxoAr.rr'ru MrrHyrbr oxrrAaHus. f or.ls-

HyJr,cfl eule pa3 Ha3aA B HaAelr(Ae yBrrAerb Hauu qenu. Hs-

xoro. Bor roJroBa KoJToHHE[ nporuBHnKa yxe [oAxoArrr K Har\{eqeHHoMy py6exy. Mu Aaeu npncTpeJroquurt oucrpen.

06;raqro uparlHeJrrr nonJrhrJro HeMHofo Bnpatso H He AoJreTeJro Ao nporaBHllKa. floqrn oAHoBpeMeHHo c HaMrr .qaror [pucrpeJroqHbre BbrcrpeJrbr exle rpn 6arapen nauert 6pnraAu. Heuqu ocrauoBuJrucb, LI BLTAHo y HHx HeKoropoe cMflTeHHe. oUeoLt4no, COBepIXeHHO He O)Kr.IAa,'rH TaKOTO npue' ua. He Aa'Baq rrM orroMHuTbcg, cAeJraB nonpa,BKy, I\rbr or.

KpbrBaeM oroHb noqrn ncefi 6arapeefi. Cnpaoa H cJreBa.

fpoxouyr Apyrue 6arapeu, H HeMerrKafl KoJroHHa 3acrlt,raercff trbIJIbIo r.I AhIMoM. HerraqtI MoMeHTaJIbHo paccbl:naJll{cb B uenil I{ gaJIerJIH. Hat{anocr [paBlr,'rbHoe npoABuxeHue qeuefi B[epeA, npepbrBaeMoe Hau[M orHeM. KoHevuo, co.

BepIxeHHo ocraHoBurb [porHBHHKa nar,I 6eg nexorbl 6u ue MOr,'IH, a MOTJIH TOd'lbKO BpeMeHHO 3aAepxaTb ero, rIT0 II ricnoJrHr{Jrr{, He uMes y opy4uir Aaxe 'npLIKpbIrHfl. Qrc .ueJIaJTOCb BnpaBo H BJISBO MLil COBepIXeHHO He 3HaJIH, TaK KaK

HH c KeM se.6u.nu oBt3aHbL Munyr qepes Aecflrb IIocr.I€ orKpblTuq HaMH ofHfl Ha ropH3oHTe c3aAH Hac IIOflBI'IJIHCb

Ilexornbre uenu. B nepoplfi MoMeHr HeBoJIbHo Bo3HaK Bonpoc.: HaIIIU lr.rru uguuu?

, :, .

l

Haura nexora 40. llocuorpe,rN a 6usox,rb - cJIaBa Eory, H nocblnaJlucr o6uqConAaru rHSrlrtl gaMerHo noBeceJIeJIII uue nplt6ayrxll KaK Bo BpeMt; 1rfi,arlHoro'6or. IJ,enu, npoll/'rir MHMo Hac Il SaJrer,'rH y 6epena pexu. oxasautocb, tITo HaIru nexorHbre noJIKH, rroJlyrlI,IB IIpHKaSaHI'Ie BbICryII]ITb Ha IIO3AIIHIO 3aMIITUHTOBailH Vt nOCJIe OIKeCTOqeHHUX Ae6a.

TOB'NOCTAHOBI-IJIII UONOJIHI-TTb IIPHKASAHHC, IIPHXAS 6U,'T ilcfio,'rHeH oqeHb HeoBoeBpeMeHHo, I{ ecltl, 6u neuqu 6u"qlr 6olee sHepfl{qHbr I{ He HarKHyJtI,Icb 6u sa Haula '6arapelt, nepenpa'Bbr K MoMeHry noAxoAa saurefi rl.exorbl 6u.llt 6u ylKe 3aHqru. tlro '6H ttg sToro BbIIx,'Io raAaTb H€ Ilpltro: Ar,rrcfl. . Koueqn'o, AJrfl peBoJlrouuouuoii apMEH ]t ro cJIaBa 6ory, uro xorb. no3Auo, Ho Bce-TaKH rIocraHoBI{JIII HCIIo"r.

Hr.rrb [paKa3anue. .flpyrar xe AI.tBH3Hfl Ha[Iero Kopryca IVILITIIHfOBaT'Ia AO Beqepa H <<IOCTaHOBI{JIa ;IIpI{Ka3aH}Ie. He llcflo,'rHf,Tb>>. I4s oAHoro, noJIKa arofl ,u,nsugun :oQtr[epaM yAaJrocb, 3axBarltB 3HaMg, ytiru or cBol{x coJIAar-npal*(,u,a}t.

Sror <nonr> ts cocraBe 60 oQuqepos s lN; lHrep-oSlruepon BeqepOM IIpOUIeJI MI{M0 HaC V 3aF.flIt }l{aCrOI{i [p€AHa3Ha90

qeHHbrll A,qfl nonyropa rbIcflII IurbIKoB ar. B octa'lbHblx noJl'

rax eroft ALIBI.IsIII'I o$uueptI 6buu 3aAepxaubl. ftroc"lel gmro A.tlq rtreHn yxe ue 6u;to coMHeunti, uto

ec.rirr He c,'ryqaTcff raroro-uu6yAb llepeBopora' Koropblit t-*u-

Ter peBoJIIouHoItHbIx 6olryuon H AeMaroroB, To BoHHa 6ecnoeoporno rlpo[rpaHa. Bceru nau ArBrr3r4fr, orKa3aB' IIIafcs IIArn :Ha rIo3HIrIIrc, 6u.na II3BecrHa KaK oqeHb xoporuaq, I{MeBurafl B TeqeHne groft sofr}Ilt MHoro cJIaBHbIX AeJI sa co6oto. Ceno,&lts oHa orKasa,qacb I{ATH e 6ofi, SaBTpa orKax(ercfl HaIrIa. Bce saeHcIlT or: JIoBKocrI'I tl yMeJlocra ailrTaTopoB.

,Tanuu o6pasou nexore Haurett AHBU3HI-I ttpllluJlocb 3a' HflrL, yqacroK, npeAHasHaqeHsuft AJIq ueJlofo Koplyca.

42.

Hervrqbl oco6eunoio crpeMJIeHI'{fl BnepeA He npolnlRnl'l Hecxonrxo pag rlblra,'Ikcb KaK 6yam [epexoAl'Irb peKy, Ho

BcrpeqaeMbre ,orHeM nexorbl H aprl'ulJlepun 6ucrpo orxa-

TbIBad'lHcb o6par,no. BnArno 6rt,ro, qro nporHBHI.IK pacIIoJIa-

raer Hrir{Toxr{brMl,I cwilav,v. Ecnll 6u Ha SToM yllacrKe c

uaureri croponbl croffJll{ qacrn MeHee paSJIo)KeHHbIe, To c raroft JlerKocrblo eMy HHKotAa 6u ne yAaJlocb c6arr nac

c no3uurrfi. flo4 eeuep Bepcrax B IIflrH or Ha[Iero pac[o' Jro)KeHI.{fl rtoAntrcq rpoua4uufi crol6 AbIMa I{ pasAa,lcq of!'ryurr{reJrrHnfi aspue. 9ro BBopBaJIu orpouuufi cK,taA orHeBbrx SoenpnnacoB, 6ogcb, tITo oH nonaAaer B pyKI{ ilpoTHBHTIKa. Cr,raA gror 6u.n garoroBJreH B BI-IAy npeA[oJlaraBurenocq HacTyrrrJreHI{R HeAaJIeKo or ocnoBnofi nognuuu.

Bruecro HacTynJIeHHff peBoJIrouuoHHafl apMHfl, ql{c,teHHocrbro npeBocxoAffuraq Bo Muoro pa3 rrporr.rBuura; cHa6xeHHaff BcqKHM 6oenurrr MaTepbsJroM cBepx ecqxoft Mepbr, nocrbrAno 6exa.na c $poura, npeA[oqr.rraq 6ecquHcrsa tr rpa6exu Mrrpnoro HaceleHlrq 3arqr.rre rrpec,'roByroii, <<cso6oAbr>. 06 poanse AeMoKparhqecKue Box(Arr Huqero He roBOpr{,'iH; 3aTO MHOm |OBOpTZJTI{ O npaBax, COBeprrreHHO yMaJrqr.I,Bafl o6 o6qeaHuocrrx. Pesy,rlrar raKofo ltepe,BocnLrTaHrIfl cTapHx coJrAaT H tsocnr.rTaHl.If MoJroAbrx cKa3a,'Icfl

6ncrpo H oKa3aJr,crl tsnoJrHe 4ocroriuurra HoBofo HeoxnAaH. Horo BolKAfl apMnr.r npncqx(Horo rroBepeHuoro A. O. KepeHcKoro.

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C HacrynJreur{eM cyMepoK HaM np[rxJrocb nepeMeHlrrb no3r{qr{rc, Ta'rr KaK apTuJtepHr|npoTnBHr.rKa xQporuo npncrpeJrflJracb 'n'o crapoft. Hoqesa,'rH flpqMo ltoA orxpbrrbrM ne6oM Bce,BMecre, Aepxa ,npn ce6e nepe.qKrr l-r .noua4erl, u6o rrrxaxoft yaepeHuocrn B 6nuxafirueu 6y4yurerta {e 6urno: noATflHyrneMr{br aprlrJrJrepfilo [r onflTb Bce Mo>Ker no6exam ts [aHI{qecK6L4: yxacei.,.B::oTor AeHb Mbr,cuoBa oqeHb c6.qHsl,rnHcb c coJrAaraMr4.'.OHIr, yBr.rAer'rr{' e"oQuqer gl'

pax cBoax 6oesE[x ro,napuu1efi, floABepraprrlHxcr reM xe olacHocTqM, qro H oHLI, n nepeHocflIlllrM BMeCTe C [IltMH

6oenyn crpaAy. Ha Hoqnere oHlr oKpyxr.rJrH Hac ra,KHM tsHnMaHHeM u sa,6orrnsocrbro, x rompoft Hx HHKro Hr.rKorAa He ,[pHHyx{AaIr, H KOTOpLTe Mbr BCerAa Br{AeJrH AO peBOJrrOI{HH. KaxAoe opyAHe 3'BaJro x ce6e nnTb uaft, orKpHBanE KoH,cepBbr, noAcruJraJru cr{AeHbf, H Talr. AaJree. flocne yroJreHufl roJroAa HaqaJrncb o6uqHtre pagroBopbr. flpex4e ncero pyrHyJrH Bce xopoM HHTeHAaHTCTBO, TaK KaK CerOAHt r nepnuft pa3 sa ocrc eofiHy Mbr eJrH BeJrr.tKoJrenHue pu6Hbre Koncepnu. flo.nyuaJru Mbr Hx roJrbKo 6naro4apa roMy, qro Bce cKJraAb[ 6pocanucl n c)KuraJrucr. OqesuAHo Ao gToro BpeMeHIr IrMH [oJtbgoBaJrHcb roJIbKo us6panuue, x tlucry Koropbrx He npnHaAJrexanff 6oeBbre qacra. Vx ec.nu He noryqala Hnsero ;no4o6Horo aprr.rJrJrepntr, To o rrexore r.{ roBopHTb

Heqero.

BcnouHnaR co6brrnq MHHyBIrreno AHq, corAarbr c ttenofi y pra pyraJrn: : . : (46-n uexorHyrc) AHBHsHro, orKa3aBruyncr ,Bbr,cTyIIr.rTb Ha [o3Hqr{o u c ropAocTbrc roBopHJrLI, qro Harrrr{ He noAKaqann. C;ryuafi 6nn oqenr yao6snft Ailq upogcHeHHfl coJrAarcKHx Mo3roB, qeM Mb[ H nocneunJrIr BocnoJrbsoBarbcfl. Huxro se Bo3paxaJl nporlrB roro, qro HeJrbgR secrn ,BofiHy, ecJln BctKoe npuKagaHue 6yaer o6cyx4arrct qenbrM noJrKoM. Han6onee spble nocleAoBare.un yrny6JreHus peBonloqllH r.nySorouucJleHHo MoJIr{aJrIt. B;luxaftrune ga arHM AHH npoIIJJIu cnoxoftno, ts o6blqnux pa6orax no ycrpoeHuro no3LIuHH +3. Heuun BeJIH ce6g ruxo H HHKaKHX llornoJlglHoBeHuft x AaJInueftuNM aKTHBHHM AeficrsurM He nposBnsnll. Eo.nruofi Heoxl{AaH,Hocrb}o AJrs Bcex sac 6uno LrsBecrl{e o6 orrpnrnu HoBoro Qponra B HaueM rnry. Hs,aecrne gro npI{BeeJrH l.tg o6osa BTopofo pa3ptAa. Oxaearocn, trro orKa3aBlllaffcr ucnor,Hqrb rtpnKa3aHHe : . : (46-a nexornaa) Anlvsnr,, pacnoJroxeHHas B Tpex AepetsHqx HLI Ha KaKHe yrcBopbr H yBeuIeBaHHfl He [oAAaBanacr. O. (crpo.noncxufi) noJIK, Hs xoroporo o$urrepaM yAaJrocb yfirn, us'6par HoeHft xoua,HAsufi cocraB r{ tsbr,craBHr caMbre pasnoo6pasune rpe6oBaHHr B[Jrorb Ao gaKtroqeHns Mupa. Haqa.nrcrBo peuLIJIo npuHtrb Bce 3aBHCflrrIHe Mepril Ans nx yKporqeH[fr H nepecTaJro AocraBJrtrb HM rrpoBuaHT. ,floc.ue ]rHHtIToxeHHs Bcex ga'ltacoB oHH Haqaru rpa6nrr HaceJIeHLIe H opraHll3oBanlt IreJIHe orpsAbr, Koropue gaxBarbrBaJrn npoxoAtur[e MLIMo o6osu rryxnx ,racrefi. Taxsu o6paeou BceM rroBo3KaM, noABo3rulnM qro-rn6o .Iactsl\,r, HaxoAruluMcg Ha rlogl{Ilnflx, npllxoAnnocb H3AanH o6regxarr pafion, saHsrHft MqrexH[Kaun. Bcxope oAHaKo H gra Mepa oKa3aJracb ne4eftcrnnre;rrg2

HOft, raK KaK Ue,'IbIe oTpgAbi oTXoAHJII'I AOBOJIbHo AafleKo oT cBoero pac[oJloxeHHg H HanaAaJIH Ha oTAeJIbHbIe IIoBo3Krr. flptttu.nocr ,Bce o6o3bl coeAl{Hfirb BMecre I'I ornpa'B,rrflTb rnoA oxpauofi KaBaJlepnn. Taxoe noJlolreHne HapyuaJro npaBHJrbHoe nr.IraHLIe QpoHra BceM neo6xoAulrruu v orpbrBaJro or Qponra qeJIyIo Alt,Blrsl{ro KaBanepuu.

Hegs,secrHo, KaK AoJrro 6u eule HflrHqHJIct ,c 6yHronulu' xaun l(epeucxr.rr?, Ho Ha cr{acrbe B sro BpeMr rJIaBHoKoMaHAyrorrluu 6u.n Hasuaqen l(oputuon, xoropufi cpasy xe

orAan rpuKas o BBeAeHUH cueprHofi KaBHH n npnQpourosofi noroce aa. Enecny.n ryl{ HaAex(Abr Ha ro, qro elqe He Bce flponano. BcneA 3a gTIrM npHKa3oM 6un no.nyueH er{e oArrH ueo6xo4l.rMocrH Becrr{ ganflTr{t c coJIAaraMH Ha - o Tex yqacrKax, fAe aro no3tsoJrqer 6oeeag o6craHosxa. Tar KaK Halla cToqHKa [pLIHLIMana XapaKrep noguunonnoft

BofiHbr, Mbr He 3aMeAJIT.IJIU 9THM BocnoJlbgoBarbct w Haqanrw tsecrl.I gauflrlrs uerrrrM crpoeM, qro sau6onee cnoco6crnyer noATrfu,Ba'Hr{ro coJrAar. KounrerquKn Harrrn oqeHb Hettpl.IflTHo 6unr nopaxeH[r raKHM o6oporou AeJra, a co,'IAATbI, NOqY'B, IITO HX BONbHIIIIE NPHXOAI,IT KOHCI{, SAMETHO noATqlHyJIHCb.

l2-ro Nrcrq paHo yrpoM y Hac 6u.na cluruua opyanfiHafl crpeJrb6a c ru.ila. flpnexaeuue B ror xe AeHl o6osHbre paccKa3aJrn, rrro : . : (46-n nexoruan) AnBru^slirfi oKpyxeHa KaBanepneft H yrpoM no O.(crpoleucrouy) no"rrxy, pacnoJroxHBrrreMycr B porqe, crpenqna ray6nuuax 6arapefl 45. llocne ,HecKoJrbKr{x BbrcrpeJroB, nponsBeAexHbrx Ha BbrcoKrrx_ pagpbr'Bax, 6argpea orKa3aJracb rrpoAonlr(arb oroub. Ha 6ynronuluKoB sra crpeat6a He npor.r3BeJra Hr.lKaKofo BneqarJreHus, u rpa6exx u 6ecqnHcrBa npoAonx(aaxcr. flo-npexHeMy o6ogu conpoBoxAaJrr.rcb xananepNeft u nosuqnfiHbre rracrn lurn noryrraJr'fi Bce He Bo,BpeMfl HJIH ocraBaJrncb Aonroe BpeMq 6es xre6a. Taxoe noJroxeHue cHJrbHo og.no6.nslo conAar npornB MffrexHHKoB a6.

Oxo.rro 12 ,racos l5.ro Hro;rg li:l ynpa,Bneuun 6pura4n 6uro no.nyrreuo npnKa3anne HeMeAneHHo tsbrcJrarb opyAl.re npu._oAHoM oQnuepe B pac,nopqxeur{e KoMaH4npa 6pnraALil "'. KaK opyAHe, raK u oonUep Aonx(Hbr 6u.nn nArn no xpe6nn. Kpou_e KoMaHAl.rpa 6arapeu y Hac 6uno Ha.nuqo rpu oQuuepa.,fl uoAoruer rflHyrb xpe6nft nepBE{M H cpasy xe Bbrrrny.n 6yuaxxy.c KpecroM. B opyAllu, BbrrsHyBrrreM xpe6ufi, HaBoArrHKoM 6u;r ac-ep Tpy6xdn. t{epes rpil uaca e yxe noABer opyAue K ynpaBnexno 6pura4br, rAe ytsHAan yx(e slgsrrln€ opyAur AByx Apyrsx 6arapeft. Oxaga_ Jrocb, rrro oce 6arapeu nonyqurn TaKoe xe rrpH,Ka3aHue H rerepb x4yr c6opa Bcex urecrn opyaNfi. Crapurufi Hs npn93

6Hsurux oQfiqepoe aB 6yAer Ha3Harren KoMauAyr,orqnu 6aTape[ H noIyrILIT saAaiHI.Ie. B oxnAanuu npz6urur ocra"'rbnbrx rpex opyAnft uu cTpoIUIH pa3JrfirrtHbre flpeAlo.loxeHur. crapaJ'rllcb KaK-HI.I-

6y4l eueeAail y ag,uoraHTa ae, Ho oH caM Huqero He 3HaJI. I-IaxoHerr Bce rrecrb opy4uft 6u,rn co6paHu. CtapultM I't3 oQurlepon oKa3a,'Ict r. AAororaHT Ao,'IoxHJI 06o Mue, u uepeo Mi{Hyry t croflJl nepeA KoMaHAnpou 6pHra4u. fenepa"'t

6lt;r cn.qr,Ho 'B3Bo,rHoBau. llpex4e Bcero oH I\{eHt npeAynpeAILri, trro 3aAaqa, HcIIoJIHeHtle xoropoii BbInaJIo Ha MeuR, Heo6rruatluo rpyAnafl H ureKorJluBafl. .[le,ro a roM, qro repnerb y ce6x ,B rbldry 'ns6yHronaeuyrccfl AHBI.{3uIo coBepIII€HHO HeBOSMOXHO' H nOsTOMy peUeHO u'II'IKBHAHpOBaTb NIfl-

rex( Boopyxesnoft ctt"lofi. Hu Ha KaKHe yrcBopbl II yrpo3bl 6yurorquxl.I He noAAarcrca. Crpenr'6a ray6uuuoft 6arapel.t 6.naro4apn roMy, rITo BeJIa'cb HegHeprHrIHo I'I Ha tsblcoKl'lx pa3pblBax, He [pongtseJla HI.IKaKoto Bfierlarreuua. floaronay Bbr3BaHa JrerKafl 6arapex or saruefi 6pura4u, Koropas AO,'IX(Ha IIOCTyII'ITb B paClOpfl)KeHIie KOMaHAyIOTIIeTO KapareJIbHbIM orpflAoM IIoJIKoBHI'IKa T.(onu.nuna) (r9gepa,r T.(onu"ruH) eapy6;ren 6o,rtruesuxaMl'I B Kpsrrvry e 1920 ro-

Ay) 50. MHe Ha4;IexaJ'Io HeMeAJIeH'Ho orrlpaBl'lrbcff B_paI{oH paOlO.rlOXeHPIfl OTpqAa ?I g,BVTo^Cr' K [Od'iKOBHllxy T. (Onu;ruHy); nHKBI.IAaqI4ff Mflre)Ka Ha3HaqeHa Ha 3aBrpa' Tax xar r,'IaBH6Ie Aoporn 3angrbl MnrexHHKaMI'I, HATII Ha.u.o 6H"'ro s o6xoA no 6oxosu'M AoporaM' flo npnuouy gCCTH T{ANPAB"IICHI.IIO AO ACPEBHI'' IB KOTOPYIO ff AOJIX(CH 6HT 6arapero 6u,ro eepcr AecflTb, Ho Mse uaAo 6u;lo cAeJlarb He MeHbIIIe nqrHaAqaru, uro6g o6oilttl Bce orIHcaHHLle r\{ecra. floxe.[as MHe yAar{H, KoMaHAIlp 6pura4u orrrycruJl N.reuq. BHfiAx I.t3 nz6t;, a paccKasar'I o$zqepau 'Bce' llro ygHaJr caM, a gareM, co6pan "TIIoA€ft, cKa3aJI HM, qro I?IAeM B KapareJlbHblfi orpa4 I{ [ogroMy fl Irx flpeAynpexAalo' qro HC TO,'IbKO'HCI,ICIOJIHCHIIE NPfiKA3AHHfl, HO AAX{C BC'KAfl 3A-

MI{uKa 6yler MHoIo Kaparlcs 6ecnou{ar,uo' Bncrynu.nu MbI I{3 AepeBHI{, e xoropoli co6pa.nucl nce opyAl.{q, oKorTo ceMH qacoB Ber{epa. I44rx npzturocb oqeHb ocropox<Ho, uro6ut He BcrperuTbcn c 6yHronquxaMH'-IIo3To: My q 'BbrcraJl'BnepeA I'{ B cropoHy HoBoflBJIeHHOTO nporl{BHlrxa pasrtesAH. Vxe creMHeJIo, KofAa Ha Aopore BnepeAH

Hac noKa3aJII,Icb BcaAHIlru. 3ro 6lt.nn xagartl, BbIcJIaHHbIe KoruaHAHpoM orpsAa AJiq Bcrpetln 6arapeu. 9epes' lto-Jlqaca r yxe orf anoptbeaJl inoJIKoBHnxy T. (onu"ruHy) o npu6urnll: Hhc xaa,ru C 6o.rrrurnu I'IHrepecoM, TaK KaK Bce Ir oQuqe' pbr, u Ka3aKE crpalxHo roMHJIHcb HeceHIleM raxoft crpauHoft c.rryx6u.

91

Orpna cocros"r II3 AByx KoHIIbIx,Kasaqbnx AoHcKIIx [o"'I.KoB H C.(aH4ouup)'cxoro KoHHo-ltorpaHHrIHoro flo,'IKa o'!,ucqun;rnHa 'Bo BceM orpflAe 6n.rra o6pa3lloBas. Osro6"IleHIie'nporHB 6yHrooruuxos 6Hno 6o.nrruoe. Kaeanepnlt npt.t' xoAr{,'Iocb Hecrr{ oqenJreHue Bcefo pafiona H KpoMe rorc oxpaHsrr o6ogtr, I,'1 ,rn4n, II JroIxaAI.I 6unte crpaurHo H3MoTaHbI; npu etou:xaxAufi or"qutlHo co3HaBaJI Bclo ypoA"'IliBocrb It HeuopMa,'IbHocrb co3AaBuefocg [o,'Io)KeHI.In. K uau, aprtl.'Ir'repncraM, oruorxeHue Ha nepBbrx nopax 6uno onpe4e,'IeHHo HeAoBepr{r.rBoe. Srorvry ruu 6unu o6sgasu cBoI{M npeAllrecrBeHHr{KaM, IrOC,.re nepBoro BbrcrpeJra orKa3aBlrrHMcg cTpe,'tflTb AaJlblxe.

I(oua,ugup orpflAa npoci{,'r ueus AeficrBoBarb peull-

TeJrbHo, He crpeJrflTb Ha 'BblcoKux pa3pbrBax, TaK KoK TZr: Koe 3anyrnrBaHne coBeprueHHo He BeAer K rreJrlt. fl"ran .ltuKBHAaTIHT.{ ${qrexa 6H.[ raxos: KoHHHua K paccBery Ao.,rx-

Ha gaKoHrrurb oKpyxeHue recHbrM KoJrbrroM O. (crponeH) cxoro [o,'IKa, pacno,'roxeHHoro,s He6oflru]ofi poure. Ea-

rapes c paccBeroM orKpbrBaeT oroHb no poqe H BeAer ero Ao rex rop, noKa Mflre)KHHKH ue ouii4yr orryAa 6es opyxrq. O. (crpo.ren).c'xufi no;rx 6un us6pau KaK Hapr6o,ree orJrHqr.rBrrrlrr?cq sa grn AHH 6ec.rr.rHcrsaMff ur. Kpol,re roro, crpersq fio poqe; MH fis6eranu Heus6exHbrx xeprB .cpeAn Mr.{pHoro HaceJleHr.rff r.r HI,I B qeM HenoBHHHofo oQHqepCKO|O COCTa,Ba, TaK KaK BO ,BCeX OCTaJIbHITIX IOJIKaX Alt,BI{eHI.r oQrqepu 5u;m saAepxaubr. Tax rar poua 6bura pacIOJIO)I(eHa I{a BIiAy BCeX OCTaJIbHbIX IIOJIKOB, TO nOCrlIeAHI.lM rrocJle nr{KBuAarl[n O. (crpo.rren) cxoro [o,'rKa 6yler ilpeAJroxeHo cAarbcs so Hs6exauau,noAo6sori xe yuacrn. Vc;roBT.IBTUHCb O r{ace BbrCTynJIeHHg, Bce noJlerJili cIraTb.

flepe4 paccBeroM fl B conpoBoxAeHr{H MoJroAoro Kasaqbero oQuuepa Bbrexar Ha peKorHocrlupoBKy no3l{rlrrt,t. .{vIH [oAbexanH noqru BnJrorHyro x cauofi poqe, He tscrpeTLI'B HHKaKoro OxpaHeuug. 3ro flcHo IIoKa3bIBa.rro Ha ro, trro coJIAarH B noJruoii uepe HacJraxAaJ'rucb [JroAaMr{ Aocmrnyrofi cso6oAu, a xpoMe-Toro coBepuenno He 6os,rucl BosMoxrHoro HaKagaHHs u ue nepunu B perxrlrenrHue AeficTBHfl_npaBHTeJIbCTBa, KOTOpbTMH IrM yrpolKaJrH cToJIbKo pas. flyra,une Bbrcrp€r'raMlr " ray6aunoir -6arapen roJrbKo yKpenuJro ux ts co3naHuu csoeii 6esonacHocrr4.

Bu6pan orxpbrryro rro3r.{rru}o npn6nnsureJrbHo B Bepcre oT porrlH, q llocrail AoHeceHr.re KoMaHAupy OrprAa u nprrKasaHI{e cJaprueMy o$uuepy na pbrcsx necira 6arapero.

Cseraro. B porue ge 6u,ro gaMerHo Huxaxoro ruese,'Iet{uq, Ha ;ryry nepe4'Porqefr MrrpHo.racJrricb clyrannbre .'rorraArt Mqrerl<noro'noJrr(a. "Kor,qa noAour,r a 6 a"r a.p en, 6n.no'cosceM 35

cBegro. Vxaga,B KaxAoMy opyAnro rorrKy HaBoAKH, f, npl'rroroBHJrcs K orKpbrrxrc onun. MnHyr qepea Aecqrb K no3l{r{Hr.r noAtexaJr .noJrKoonnx T.(onx.rrun) B conpoBoxAeHltx corHu Ka3aKoB H gcKaApoHa KaBanepun. f Ao.rtoxI{JI eMy, rrro Bce roro-Bo. MqrexHll'xn Hac eule He gaMerHJIH H npoAOJr)KaJrH Cnarb MHpHbrM Cttotrt. Eu.no nflTb qacoB 20 uunyr' KorAa noJIKoBHuK T. (onn.rrnH) npnKasan MHe orKpurb or0Hb.

floAa,Bag KoMaHAH, g na6lrcAan 3a coJlAaraun' OHII pa6oraln KaK Ha yqeHHH, ToJIbKo nl'{qa y ncex xpafi'Ire HanpflxeHHble. fl cxouasAoBaJl npaBoMy opyAHIo oroHb. HatsoArrHK 3axMypnn tJla3a I{ AepHyJI 3a luHyp. floqrn BcneA

sa BbrcrpenoM nepeA poIuefi norIJIbIJIo 6e.noe o6nauxo paspbrBa. flpn6aann rpfiIleJl, fl AaJI Bblcrpen_'BropErM opyAI{eM. CHapa4 paaopaalci na cauoft onyIIIKe. He Aaeas tspeMeHu onoMHtrrbct Hll cBoHM coJIAaraM, HH MgrexHHKaM' g AaJI oAHo oqepeAb (xaxgoe opyAI'Ie -c crpenter ro oAHoMy p13y Ka'Kofo-Hu6yll Q;ranra). Paapusu 3a ApyrHM, Haqnnas npnunacb no naJIarKaM. B oAus MI'II Bcq poua oxIrJIa. Cyuarcxa noAHsJlacb HeBepoqrHas; KTo xBaraJlct 3a BI{nroBKy, KTO InpocTo noA BJII{gHI'IeM naHHqecKoro yxaca Me' rarcs or oAHoro AepeBa K ApyroMy 6es scsxoro roJIKy'

floc.ne nepnblx nuctle.lot s yxe He coMHeBarcl, uto 6a-

rapefl 6y4et crpensrb Ao rex nop_, rloKa s 3roro 3axoqy' 3a nepnofi oqepeAbp s HaqaJI o6crpelnnarb BcIo PoulY' npnqeM rpl{ opyAl{f crpenqnH rpaHaraMl'I, a TpH - IupaII' lui.rrsuu. Hs p-oiull HaqaJIH Aouocnrbcq pyxefruue Bblcrpe.nu. B oAHoM Mecre sarapaxren nyJleMer. HaA HanH sacBI{'creJIH IIynH. fl yc:nnu,r, oroHb' HaqaB crpe.nsrr 6er'nurvr orHeM (nce-opy,u,nfl crpenqrcT nuecre). Otuttl MoMeHraJIb' Ho crl{x. Hs poutll craJII{ 'su6erarl orAerbuble rpyrlnbl' Ho raK KaK onn 6u;rn c BHHToBKaMH' Itx 3atoI{tJI o6parHo ny.rerrlersnft oFoHb cueureHHofi KaBanepI'IH. Horrlepa y opy,unft Ao roro yBneKJIHcb crpear6ofi' qro' KaK'BHAHo, coBepIIIeHHo noaa6u.riu no KoM ottu crpelrrot. B qenoBeqecKnx Qnrypax'

6eraroulux MexAy AepeBbgMH' oHH'BHAe.lIn roJIbKo MI{IueHb xAal roJIbKo Anfl crpenb6u. tipeannAs 9ro, r c rpeBoroft nepBbrx rBbICTperoB, orrl'IqHo 3Hafl, IITO noroM coJIAarbI yele.leiu crpe.rrr6oft c otxputofi no3HIluH. 6ylyr Mttnyr qepeg {IflTb nocJle orKpbITIIg orHfl noJIKoBHUK T. (onn"rriru) n'puxasan MHe npeKparurb crpeJll6y. Ou perrruJr Aarb Aectrl{Ml{HyrHylo [epeAbIIIIKy. Ec.nn xe B TeqeHr{e orux l0 uunyr ire 6yaer BHKuHyr 6e;rnfi Qaar unu Mqrex(HHKIt ne erifiayr na poull 6ea opyxllR, ro o6ctpen 'soso6HotsnTta. B cly'rae oirpurnn Broporo o6crpe.na aeueso 6ulo flpoAonxarl ero 6es nepepblBa ,u,o cAaqn' t-le96

KOrOpOe iBpeMfl nocJre npeKpauleHr.rs ofHfl B poqe He 6br_ JI,o 3aMeTHo oco6oro oxrrBJreHrlfl. J\rc4.u crog,'Il.r LI r'rex(aJln 9-a leMr.r rrpHKpbrrHsMH, Koropbre HarrJJrH Bo ,BpeMf orHs.

tlto6u Aarb rlM rroHgrb, qr,o oroHb Ha BpeMs npeKpailreH, e or'rBeJr HoMepOB Or OpyAAil, ocraBr.rB y KaxAoro opyAHfl ToJIbKo HaiBoAqH,KoB. 3ro 6lt,r.o ltoveHTaJlbHo 3aMer{eHo H

6yuronquxn craJrr{ .co6Hparlcx B KyqKH; qepes HeKoropoe BpeMq 3rH Kyr{KH HaqaJrH crrJtbrBaTbct B AByX OnpeAereH_ HbIx Mecrax. Bcrope flcHo o6o3HarrnJrucb ABe roJrrrbr, HaA

K_OTOpbrMH Ha KaKHX-TO BO3BbrmeHHqx

[IofBrzrHcb opaTopbl.

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'K eeuepy fl yx(e Ao6pa,rcq .eo craHI1HI'l xe'nesuotl 4,oporH u ceJI B Barou c slt6nrltMn creK,[aMII. CnyrHIlxaM]I MoHMIt oKa3aJIHcb oouuepu, s 6orl'uluHcrBe IIoKI{AaIourIIMI't apMI.Iro tlo reM xe coo6paxeHu-HM' qro l'I n' flocne rpexrAe y3Ha"II{' AHeBHono IlyrelxecrBllfl MbI npu6u,rtt n Kuee, ,{ro s Mocx-Be yx(e 'lerseprHfi Aelib llAer 6oft rrlexAy 6o'ls[IeBHKaMr{ fi 6e.irur,alr.62. B csoto 6arapeio s 6O"rlnre HIlKOrI'13 Aa He Bo3Bpaqa.ncq. BnocreAcrBl'llI l y3Ha"I or oAHoro odt{[epos, 'ecrperltnurncb c HI]M e Ao6poeo"Ilttecxofi apMIlH' uio no BBenenHI'I 6ollruesnxaun nu6opHofo HaqaJIa Maro 6u,r rte6paH Ha KoMaHAHble AoJIxHocrI'I' Kro H3 oQnqepoe 'e Spuraaa rn-eape [orIaJIa B ["leH K HeMIraM u 6eccra'sHo 3aKoHqHra cBoe cyuectBo'eaulae

63'

lllra6c-xanntan SPact f UAUH HTOB flpara Hro,rr 1926 roaa

I KOPHHJIOB Jlasp feoprreruu (1870-1918) -

reHepaJl or uxQaHreplu;. oAHH Hs Hau6oaee aBTopltrerHblx

aoeuaqartul'Iroe pyccrofr aprIHIl' t.ls ..cn6upcxtlx Ka3aKoB' ;;"-;t* Pyccroir'no"cxofi 'u fl^epsoft vlpoaofi sofiu' B 4uensuefi, lbr,i-tgrs"m. KoMaHAoBa;r 48-ii nexorsofi 6u.n pauex H nonaJl B nJIeH. floc,re no6era xs ancrpuftcKoro nJTeHa Ha3HaqeH B RHBaPe l9l7 n' KoMaHAIrpoM 25-ro apueficxoro Kopnyca' B Mapre-anpene KoMaHAosar fleiporpaAcxttrrr soeinblru oxpyiou' C uar l9l7 t1'-

8-ir apunefi, Koropas noA eno HaqaJloM AoycnexoB B xoae l'ItoHhcKoro Ha6uaacb BneqarrfiIoulHx -soficr loro-3anaAHoro QpoHra' C 8 utols ;;;;;";;

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3ynbrare KoHsnnrra c BpeMeHHblM npaBureJrbcTBoM cMe-

uIeH c AoJrxHocTn u SaKnrcqeH B DbrxoBcKyro TtopbMy IIo 06BHHeHnro B nonHTKe rocyAapcrBeHHoro- nepeBopora; 19 uoa6pl BMecre c rpynnofi apecrooauHux reHepaJroB H o$uqepos coBepruun no6er u 4o6palca 4o Honouepxaccra, rr,e npuHfln arrsauefiruee yqacrHe B co3AaHHH ,{o6posorrqecxofi jplllll.l. Ocyuecrnra.rr BoeuHo-oneparnBnoe pyKoB_oAcrBo .(,o6poao;nvecrofi apuueri s xoae ee llepo6io Ky6ancroro (u,nrr le,uauoro) noxoaa; y6ur no4 ExarepHHoAapoM 3l r'rapra l9l8 r.

2 Pevt nger o npocrpauuofi crarbe B (KHeBcKoft Mbrc.rtn) or 5 anrycra l9l7 r. noA garonoBKou <Vctnlrpe.

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coo6qa;r no KoMaHAe: (nonx TBep,{ofi 6oesofi crrrH Tenepb B cyulHocTn He npeAcTaBnseT lr qTo npr{ HHHeruHeM

ero cocroqHHll 3a Ao6pocoBecruoe BHnoJrHeH[e nu 6o-

nopyrrHrbcq He Mory>. Oruaxo I paropre Ko:1"I ",unlo_ MaHAHpa zb-ro reuepala Edloroga -apMeiictoro xopnyca or 14 nrcsR l9l7 r. orMeqaJrocr,, qro unorrr B orruqnoM cocroflHr.lt. CroHu 6oApulr, Mo.rroAeqxxM BuAor,ir ttonK npo_ r.r3Ben orJrltrtHoe BneqarJreHue... JIp6o 6u,ro cuorpetr ua ao6n^ecrnbrx_ ocrponenucB> (UfBhA CCCP. O. 237b.

9n. 2. A. ts1. trr.'sz o6.; @. 2i2b. on. r. n-.-a-oz. Jr. i6ii.

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flpoBana HtonbcKoro DacryflreHtt, n ycnerunord KoHTpHa-

cTynneHHff npoTilBHHKa.

__ - i_l:lgp"

rcrc rofiuy_npo_cry)xrrn so 2-il 6arapee B-ft

aprn"raepnfi cxofi 6pnraau 3_fi rpenaiepcxofi :?.:1.11:.p.[or Bpeilq 6pnraAa BxoAHJra B cocras 25-ro apueficxoro ropnyca d.;;;n upil" ey"JncKono, a saren loro-3anaaHoro $ponra. Apxnnnurfr'6oHa 6pnra.1ur coxpaHn.rcn (U|BHA CCCP. O. aOZS On. tIZf 5 EPyCIIJIOB A.rrexcefi Anerceenx,t {lgb3_1g26) _ fe^lgpa{-or xaBarcpnu, BerepaH pyccxo-Tirpeqxofi softHu 1877-1878 rr. C Hiqa.la llcirnor'l ri,,ponofi""oi*u *orunAosa,r 8-fi apurrefi, a c $enpa,trr tdl6 r. cra,r f{asHoKoruaHAyrcquv IOro-3ana,[Hoio $ponra, noficxa Koropono B Mae-aBrycre ocyruecrBgnri sHal{egurHft flpoprlB JInBH3rrH. b onucbtBaeMoe

aBcrpo-repMaHcxoro^ep-oHTa, ga3BaHHhrfi no cnpase.{,r!rBocru ero HMeHelr. C 22 uas, no lg snas l9l7 i._Bepyoyguri f.naauoxonauAyrolqnfi, sareM coBerHxx npr BpLuenuorr{ npaBu?erbcrBe. B uae lg20 r. Bo3rJraBHJr Ocotioe coBeulaHHe npu _ f,ranuoroMaH.(yloueM BceMrr BoopyxeHlrr,rMH cuiraMH Coaercxofi pecny6;ruxu, Koropoe ritiparn_ Jlocb c Bo33BaHHeM K 6HB!!HM oQaueparvr c nfrnausou .qo-

6poro,rrxo Bcrynarb B PKKA rnn saulurH'poaunu or

no.:rbcxHx HHTepBeuroB. B Aa,rurefiureM _ Ira BoeHllo_HHcnexuuoHuofi n BoegHo.neAarornqecrofi Da6ore.

t03

6 PACIyTHH (Horux) fpnropnfi ESxuonl'l (1872-1916) H3 KpecrbsH To6o"rrcroii ry6epnuu, Qa'

-

BopHT qapcKofi cer,ru (eonpoc o crerleHn efo BnuflHHn Ha

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? nPoTononoB

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(1866-1918)

Haqa,ro Koropbrtt 6u,ro noao;lieHo MaccoBbIMn BbIcryrIJIeHr.rflMH nerporpaAcKH\ pa6outtx 23 $enpa"u, nepepoclrll{llu x 25-ruy nir eceo6ulyro rronl{rfiqecKylo craqKy. 27 Qea-

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e Mana$ecr o6 orpeueultn HHrioraq II or npe^cro'ra s 3 qaca 4ua 2 lrapra l9l7 r.

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104

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flornsca.l: Msxalr.lr>. t0 CMIIPHOB (Cmnpnor-Vrpouoe) Burrop Alex-

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B

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Hero npaBneanr 6oap. Boqapeuxe Mnxaa,ra o6terragso BO MHOTOM CnOCO6CTBOBa,'ro KOHCOJIBAaUHH HaI{tOHaJbHbrx cg.rr fi nocreneHHoMy Bo3poxAeusn PoccnficKoro ro9)_{1Pcr9?: _ Be.rnrufi KHfl3b Muxan.n A.nercas,[poauq (1878-1918), poAHofi 6par auneparopa Fluro,raa II,6u,r npflMbrM noroMKoM Mnxau,na <DeAopoanua B AeBflToM KOJICHE.

t2 2J 6ezpats, l9l7 r. 6u.ro o6bflB,.reHo o6 o6pasoaaarl flerporpa.IcKoro conera pa6ounx aenyraron (QarTIlqecKH ero Hcno.rrKoMa) Bo rnaBe c ,'tH,(eDoM MeHblrre_

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rura6 Oco6oft apMltn.

. !7 Becama Cxoanyrc KaprI{Hy poccr'rficxofi cronl.Iubl roro .BpeMeHa pl{cyer Z. A. EyHuy- g <OKaRHHblx AHqx): <<Floc.neAurfi ias a 6rr,r B nerep6ypre B HaqaJIe nnp-er'Iil 17 roaa.. B ruupe ror.&a yxe npolr3qluno .ueuro ueroo-6pagHtrloe: 6pourena 6rr,na na uo;tuufi .npou3Bon cyAl6u r06

rr He r(orAa-Hr.r6yAb, a BO BpcMrt Be,'Ifiqaftueft MHpOBOfr BeJ'luqafiuat Ha 3eM.1e crpaHa... HescKlrfi 6Hr BofiHbr - cepoft rornofi, co.lgaruefi B [InHe"ltx BHaKHA3aronren xy, nepa6orarculuMr pa6oqtrr{u, ry.narculeti npuc.nyrofi n BCttKHIltH flpblnaMl'I, TOI)TOBaBIUIIMII C JOTI(OB H IIanHpOCaMH, u KpacHbIua 6aHrarrllt, u noxa6nultlr Kapror{KaMH, l.t cJracTflMr.r, r{ BceM, qcfo flpocarur. r\ sa rporyapax 6un cop, ue,'ryxa noAco,rHyxoB, a Ila uocroBoii .re)Kal Heno:Huri neg, 6n;ru rop6rr rr yxa6sr> (.II,ayrana. -L989.

Nb 4. C.8l). ta .[l([flHOB Fprropurl lpuroplewu (1894 r. p.) npaflopntrlr, BnocrelcrBxlt (srecr rr Aa.rlee 25 ox- ao opAeHa rn6pn l9l7 r.)noanopyuuK, l.r3 ilreulaH; KaBanep Cg. Auuu 4-li creneHrr c HaAnucbro <3a xpa6pocm>.

BxoAll.rr no3Auee B cocraB 6puna4uoro xournera, s'Aexa6pe l9l7 r. B peaynbrarc nu6opoa KoMaarHoro cocraBa 6sr.n ns6pau Koivrau,[,Hpoi\r 2-fi 6arapen. B rrrcse l9l8 r. npo)KuBan s MocKse.

'e OyKC flxoe A.rru6eproBuq

,rua,'trurrrl $efiep-

- BflocJeAcTBr.ru rlpaBepKep I{3 BO,'rblroonpc.nerqrculrrxct, ttopxlnK. BxoAurr n no nropoii coc'ran 6araperlHoro xoMurera, ue6paHuufi s rrac 19l7 r., B . eKa6pe us6pau B3BoAHrIM KoMaHAnpord 2-fi 6arapet. B rrrouc l918 r. rri)o)(rrBan s MocKne.

feopruern.r napxoeoii 6pnragr,l; npn6u"r n 6arapero 8 lrapra l9l7 r.

Os rax n ocraBaJicl KoMaHAyrolurrM 6arapeefi (ro ecrr He 6u;t yrBepxAeH B ao.q;tiHocrrr rolraHqupa) Bnnorb ,qo 26 orra6pn l9l7 r.. n:or,qa y6u,r n ornl'cr, H3 Koroporo <<no cocrotHHro 3/rtopoBr,r> n 6pr.rraay 6o.lcc nc Bo3BpanPO3OPOBCKl,|n Jleonn4 Ka'?o nu raH, 6r,reruuil NouaHllip 2-ro napxa 3-ri rpeua4epcrofi

ua,Icr.

2r Anrop qBrfl,tcff craprxltrlr oQirqepor.r 6araper,

HMeBrrrlrM no ycraBy BecbMa runpoxnfi rpyr o6naannocreii, npuxo,4r.l.loct HepeIXo rr BpeMcHHo KoMaHIozarr 6arapeefi. OH rro,rbsoBaJol B orrucbrBaeMoe BpeMq rrccoMHeHHbrM aBTopHTcTotr cpeAfi Hr.i)KHilx rltrHoB, o qeM

cly

roBopur ero us6pauue g lrae 1917 f. roBapuuleM npelceaarerr 6arapeiruoro Kor{Hrera. Kpoue roro ou 6u,r

ns6pan qneuoM Epuraguoro cyAa, paccitarpHBaB[rero

pa3rrrrIHble Allcqt.tlr.n14HapHbIe npocrynlin n xoHQ;rnxrrt MCTKIy HaqanbHHKaMH H riOAqHHeHHbIMI.t.

22 neno noAnpaflopruuKa lluxar!.la MctecAeea pac-

ci\rarpnBaJrocb 6puralxsrr.r KoMr.rreroM 30 airpc.ra 1917 r., nprrHrrBllrr-rM perxeHHc oTcTparrHTb cfo oT Io,rIlKHocTr r.I

npoH3BecTr.r Io3HaHue, TaK KaK oH <<no cBoliM HpaBcTBEHHbIM KAqECTBAM HC MOXET 3AHIIITSTb AO.;I}I{HOCTb Qe;rr4tpe6e.rr>. BpclreHuo KoMaH;toBaBttrnrl 5pr;ra1ofi nolKoBH'1K K. H. lpuueB yrBepAHJ oTcrpaF:et{iic <rlo 60-

Jre3IIn>, pacnopqAHBlxHcb npoBecrl.r Jr,o3Harlic rura6c-xa'

nnraHy B. C. Kapa6yry. B urcHc l9l7 r. .l.lcrecAes 6brr

ornpaBJreH B KoMaHAHpoBXy no xogRricrncsrioir naAo6-

r{ocrH, B aBrycre ero ae,ro 6u;ro rosspalqeuo n 6pnra4nufi cyA, Ho ltHKaKofo IIoBofo peulcHrrq npltr{rro ne 6u-

t07

.19 -(lIfBHA CCCP. o. 3675. On. I. A. 2. Jr. E, 97-97 o6.).

23 _C saqa,ra Mupoeoft nofiuu oQuqepcxufi Kopnyc pyccr<ofr apMrrfi 3a crrer norepb cr\{eHr.rJrcrr na 7/81 B nexorHblx qacrflx cveHrrr'rocb or 300 ao 5000/o o$uuepos, s KaBar'repulr tr aprunriepurr * or l5 ao 400/0. e4 1l Maq l9l7 r. 6prlra4nsrfi Korrtrrer npuHqJ-r nocraHoB,'IeHuc: <,Bcex co;rrlat, noqBnqloxluxcfi Ha Iro3Illnrr 6arapefi c npocl6oii u,ra rpe6onaxueM rrpeKparurb oroHb, 3aACp;nHBaTb r.r rio BbrflcHeHuro ntrqHocTn nepeAaBaTb B rrorrKoBbre Kor,rrrrerbr> (tlfBI.lA CCCP. O. 3675. On. l.

E. 2. Jl. l0l o6). ,5 KEPEHCKUN (1881-1970)

A,rexcangp

<De4oposuu

npHcsxiHrrfi nonepeHHsrfi, rpyaorur< (c uap'ra 1917 -r.- 3cep) , Aenyrar IV f ocy.4apcrBeHHoii AyMbr, Macon. B nepnort cocraBc Bpe,veunoro npaBlrTeirbcrBa

Mr{rr}rcrp rocrulrnu B Mae-ceurq6pe 1917 r.-

soeHrrlrii -r.r vropcxoil l,rHr{r.rcrp, c B rlo.ns eA- MI{Hr.{crp-nf c€Azrenb, a c 30 aBrycra eule n BepxoBubrri rr'raBHoK.naugyroulurt. B r<ouqe l9l7 repBoft nor'roBuHe l9l8 rr.

- 3aTcllt B sMIrrpaqulr. IZMa H2 Itertctit,TtbHou IIo;toit{0HHu, I(epeucricro 6sr;c upeaeuuariHo HerronynqpHo cpe,{u 3Ha-

qure,rtHofi rlacrlr r(cr{aHAHoro cocraBa apMLtH, oco6eHHo

l'lrienuo HeHaBacrb x I(epeHc;<ornry 6lr.na ociloBHoii npfiqtiHoii noLrortln, oxasaHHoii CoBCTCKCMy IrpaBHTenbCTBy t''lHorfiMII oQll{epar{Ir B,'II'{KBI{,(aqr{rr KoHrppeBoa'rIoIl.loHHofo ilIt{re]Ka I(epencxoro-l(paco0t.tt1epoB-QpoHroB]rlicB.

HoBa B noa6pe l9l7 t.

'6 TPyBKI'|H llna*r - prAoBofi; oceHblo 1917 r.

6ua AeJlerripoBatt B AI.lBH3HoHIIufr KoMI-Irer. 4 lexa6pn I 9l 7 r. 6puiaaHlrft KCltt.{rer BbtHec <<nopilIIaHHe> Tpy6rruHy, xoropufi sse,r B 3a6,'lyiliAeuue cBollx ronapnrrleti, riHcnHpupoBaB 3arB;eHHe sa 120 rloAn]Icfl]11{ c Heo6ocHoBanHbrMH o6eaHeHliqMI.I oQu{epoB 6puralu <<B KoHTppeBoJrIoquoHHocrlt> II rpe6oraaualuu orcrpaHeHHr Hx or -CCCP. O. 3675. On. 1. A. 2. aor*"o"t,t (U|BH.A

BOrxeJ'r B cocraB 6pIifaAHOfo KOMttrera oT 2-it 6arapet'

,rr. 37-38).

,? MOTbIUKIIH fioorrf Tomaurenuq (1891 r. p.) -' pqAoBofi, 6oru6ap.lltp-uaBoAqHK. BnocreAcrsHIa BoIre,"I B iocraa 6puraAHofo KoMlrera, 23 ceHrl6pt 1917 r. 6u"r KOMalrAr.rpoBaH lra AByxHeAe,'IbHbIe Kypcbl IIo floAroroBKe

r.rncrpyKropoB K BbI60pal,{ B yqpeAHTerbHoe co6paHIIe.

,8 KAPETHH A.rexcefi Huxauoponur (1874 r. p.) [oJ'lKoBHuK; c,'ryxrlJl n 6prlraae c l2 urc,rq 18€5 r', a 3-fi 6arapcer? rbMaHAoean c 18 urc,rq 1914 r. Br,r,r uanpa)KAeH ceMbIO opAeHallll' B TOM rJl.lC,Ie Uerr'IprUa 6OeopAeH Cn. leoprun 4-fi creneHx. <Xapax"nrouar MqroK. Oueul 4oaepqlIB K rrQAql{HeH"'r*rr, reDa cnoroiisoro, Hrira. .l,eiicrnyer s 6oe peuurerbHo, xopouo pas6Npaerca e o6craHoere>,- nonopli,rocb B ero c,ryNe6nofi arrecra-

wru. XoaaraficrBo o Ha3HaqeHiIH Kapetnsa KoMaHAI'Ipoll

6u.no ornpaa,leso 4 n'rapta l9l7 r., 3areM oH AaBa3rlolra '6"n notunrr"ponan i craBKy <<no AeJIaM cnyx6bl>; 29 108

uroHr orr 6Ha Hasga,teH AHBIiSItoHHblM rorraauAupou 53-fi aorn.n,repuficxorl 6puna4u, a 3arelll KoMaHAHpoM Tqt<ero-

ro aHsuinoHa Knescxofi oQtuepcxoii aprr"r.nepuftcxofi urxo.nu. flo .{,aunbrM na 18 urcuq 1918 r. npoxuBan a ApxaureJrbcKe. Tor Qaxr, uro I(apernu J'tl{1ilfi''tctl yBaxennfl o0lruepos 6pHraAbI, noATBepil(Aaercff noMerKofi serepana 6pirraasr ltor'TKoBHLIKa A. M. Befic6axa Ha cocraBJIeHHoM

rii,l n Mocxse B uroHe 1918 r. fipe,qnonaraeMoM cttllcKe oQuuepoB, npeAHa3HaqeHublx AJlt npnrnaueHllt ua cQop-

rtrupouaulre 6pura,qu .q.nn KpacHoii Aplruu: <<Bnoaue xe-

naie,'teu 4,ri cnyx6u n ,fipyrofi 6pnraAe> (Uf BI']A CCCP. O. 2158. On. 2. n. 197. .II. 93; @. 3675. On. 2.

A. 447. rI. 4).

2'g IUyBAJIHKOB B,nanumilp BacrflbeBHq - ura6c' Ko' KarraraH; 6ul oSuqua,rbHo yrBep)KAeH B Ao,'IxHocrt'I MaHAHpa 6arapeu rurur 17 orrn6pa 1917 r. BxoAsn s cocraB Ai.rBz3lroHHoro KoMI.rrera or 6puraAu. He 6ua ris6pau Ha KoMaHAHyro Ao,'lxHocrb n gera6pe 1917 r. a c.RHBapr 1918 r. HaxoAti,'lcfl B ornycKe <<no 6o,tesuu>; B anpeJie l9lB r. npo)KltBar n Pocrone-fpocJIaBcKoM, 30 B lrrcsrcxoM HacrvnreHl.rr pvccKoli apMI.IH ocrloRHyro ponb AoJrlKHbI 6u,rlt"curparr'soricxa Kiro-3anaAso-

n6 Qionra noA KoManAoeauuii,.{ reHepaJla A. E. fyropa

(saren-JI. l. Kopnu;rona), nacrynas. cutarqu ll-fi

r4

7-fi apunfi B HarrpaBJIeHI.rN Ha ,Illsos, a 8-ft apruuil-ua Ka.rryur n Eo,rexos. Bolicxa CenepHoro, Pyltuttcxoro u 3arraAnoro QpoHron ocyu{ecrB"'rfl ,'rl BcrroMorarenbHble yAapbl.

Hacryu,reHue tl-it u 7-ft apunfi, uauanureecs 18-19 urcug ycflexa He HMeJro ]t x 20 fironq 6uno nperpauleHo. Hacryn,'reHue 8-fi apuua .II. f. I(opur.r,rora 6u,ro ycneruHbrM I.I npr.iBeJ'ro K 3aHrrrllo Crauric,rana, fa,rnqa u Ka,'ryrxa, BbrxoAy ua p. .Ilovuuqa. llorepu Bo Bcex rpex apMirrx oT STOrO HacTynJ'reHHg K KOHTIy rrIOHrr cocTaBI.rJIr-I 1222 otuaepa u 37500 co,lAar, ro ecrb 140/s ecero ,'rnvHO|O COCTaBa. 31 Oco6ar apur.rR Aonxga 6H,ra cxosat Aeficrsus

[porr.rBHriKa I-i He Aonycrr.irb nepe6poct<lt efo cHfl Ha Jlueoecxoe HanpaBJ'reHl:e.

32 B saqare unus, 2-g, 6arapea 3-ri rpeuaaepcxoii

aprn,r"repuricxofi 6puraasr o6crpe.nanara ltporllBHuKa xuMr.rqecKilMri cHaprAaMr.r n pafione A. lIIenbBoB. Kax orMeqar-rocb B xypHaJ're BoeHHbrx,u,eficreHft, l0 nroHs 6arapeu I AHBlr3HoHa npa6r,I;ra s c. 6e,'Iocror, rAe pacno-

H IraxoAI-rJIHcb ao lB lrrcnq. B noqs sa 19 tzroHfl fleperrr!'Iu B JIee n craJII{ 6unarorra, 22-23-ro nelu o6crpe,r a3pon,'IaHoB nporl{BHllKa, a 3areM pacrro!'rara,'rncb B MecreqKe Mrixafiaotxa, 4epeeuar Kypcuua-Cepeauue u ,rIes.yxone. (l-ifBI'lA CCCP. O. 3675.

On.2. [.364. .rl. 1-l o6.).

r'ro)Kr.r!'rr.rcb rro KBaprrtpaM

33

3 nrc.nq 2-t 6arapea BbtcryIIItJIa na .Ile,4yxoea N

nepelrra B Aep. lloA.nunxu, rAe croaJla 6HeaxoM Ao

6 Hn,rq (Tau >r<e. ,4. 370. JI. i).

3a Peqt r.raer o 6-fi rpenaAepcxoir AuBI.r3IrH, BKJIToqasurefi 21-fi rpeuaaepcrufi Pyrralnqescxltii, 22-n rpeuaAepcxnfi Cynopoacxafi, 607-fi nexornHfi M,rHnoscr<Hfi u 608-fi nexornr,Ifr O,ruxcxuft no,rxll.

109

3s 4

nronr l9l7 r. ronfloii con,(ar 6u;r v6sr xo-

uan,4yroqaft 22-u rpeHaAepcKuM Cynoponcrxru noJlKqM rroAnoJrKoBHHK Purr<oa, yroBapnBaBrunfi no;rx xAru xa no3t{u}Ito. r0 9-fi ,rpeuaAepcxurt CN6upcxirfi, lO-fi rpeuaaepcrnfi Maropoccuficxnfi, l.l-fi rpeHaaepcrnfi <DaHarbptftcxxfi n I 2-fi rpeuaaepcxr.rri Acrpaxascrnfi no.nxr.l.

37 B xypua.rre BoeHHbrx Aeficreui Vnpaeaennn 6pnraAbr orMeqaercq, r{To apru.n.repnficxr.rfi oroHr nporIlBHr{Ka Haqa!'rcfl n 2 ,.taca Hour.r (I{|BHA CCCP. <D. 3675. On. 2.

JI. l).

A. 355.

38 B urra6e apMulr flpuxa3 tlArn Ha noMorqb 6-fi

rpeHa.aepcxoii Ar{Br.r3Hfi 5-ro Cra6apcroro Kopnyca 6u,r noayqes B 9 qacoe yrpa, a s 12.30 6arapeu Bbrcrynhrr.r B noxo.q,. l-fi Ar.rBr{3HoH (l-a,2-n n 3-x 6arapeu) no,ryuu;lea-

raqy coxpaHqrb nepenpaBy y A. ParbrHaqe, 9ucrona,4n u 3a,roNHue, a 2-fi Ar.rBH3uoH-y A. floA6epexuqe u Ko.lryusr.

3e Aep. IloA.nunxu. a0 9-fi Cr6npcrafi rpeHa4epcrufi norx.

ar Peqr uAer o 46-li nexorHofi ,4ueugrrlr u l8l-rr.r nexorHoM ocrpo;reucrou no.nxy. a2 Bor xar onllcbrBarcTcff gril co6Httq B )Kypuane

BoeHnbrx Aeficrenfi 6arapeu: <B 18 q. 6arapen noA orneM IrporrrBHHKa Bcrara Ha no3rlufiro-K ceBepy or fae aa Py-

AoM, Br,IAeJIllB BnepeA .qnfi oOcrpe"'Ia nepenpaB 83BoA'

c

cBfi3aBurrrcb noAxoArulrrM K lroMy BpeMeHu Ca6upcxuru noJrKoM r.{ BbrcnaB asyx ooHu,epoB nepeAoBblx Ha6nIoAe-

riuft, 6arapea orKpbr,ra ofoHb no flepenpaBaM Y a. 3a,'roxr{bl, a raxx<e no r. 9ucrona,rlH u LsuqKa. KaK 6araDefiutte, TaK u orrenbuHfi s3aoA BeJIH oroHb troA orneil npotnnunra. flepeAonuu na 6,rpAareJltM nPI.{xoAItJIocb KoppeKTnpoBarb oronb r{3 Ha[IIix nexorHblx uenefi. flpo' TrrBHr{Ky He y.qa,'rocb nepefipaBl.rrbct Ha neBblfi trep_er p. Ceper> (UfBI,IA CCCP. O. 3675. On. 2. L. 370.11.21. a3 3ru pa6oru 8- ilutorlq conpoBoxAa.[Hcb B3auMuuu o6crpenolr noeauufi (Tau xe. JI. 3).

ll Vxe B aenb cBoero Ha3HaI{eHHt fnasHoxouag-

AyrournM IOno-3anaAnstra QpoHtora JI. l. KopHtrJIoB ornpann;r TenerpaMMy KOMaHAyIOIIIHM KOpnyCOB u apUUfi: <Camogo.nr,nuii yxoA qacrefi t cqHTaIo paBHocHJIbHtilM c L3MeHofi Il npeAareJtbcrBoM, nogToMy KareropurlecKlr rpe6ylo, uro6u Bce crpoeBble HaqaJIbHIiKH B TaKIix cnyqatx, He xofle6,rqcr, npl.rMeHqrH npoTIIB IISMeHHHKOB OrOHb ny' JreMeroB r.r aprlr.rr,'repnu. Bcto orserc?BeHnocrb 3a xeprnu flpusrMaro sa ce6s, 6esAeiicrsue tl t<o"re6asue co cropo-

HH HaqarbHfiroa 6yay cqurarL' He]Icno,'tHeHHeM I{x cny' xe6soro .q,onra H 6yAy raxosux HeMeAJIeHHo orpellrarb

or KoMaHAoBaHvs v [peAaBarb cyay. 8 nro.rrs l9l7 r.> 9epes rpu Anq JI. f. I(opnx,roauM 6bI"'I noAnncaH ttpnxas, xoropuft, yqHTHBaq rpaAItIlHoHHo ucKaxenuoe ero ToJIKoBaHue B nI{Teparype, geo6xoAtlt"to npnBecrl{ noJI' HOCTbIO:

<<flo,ryvus ,[oHeceHl{e KoMaHAapMa 1l o rou, qro coJI' AaTr,r BBepeHHofi eUy apMHH no3Bo.ln.nn ce6e npn ocTaB' ,rreHHH HaMr.t TapHono.nn rpa6urs l.tMyuecrBo, HacHJIo' Barb xeHu1HH r Aereft, y6unarr I{HpHbtx xurqtefi u rpyF

ll0

ApYra, q oTAan upIrKa3 paccTpenl{BaTb noAo6HtIx Hero'

airAe 6ee cyAa. Bo ucno,nsenue Sroro Moero npl{Ka3a 9-ro cero HIoJIt Ha3HaqenHbIMIr Ant cero KoMaHAaMI.I pac' crDersHo 14 noAleuon Ha Mecre coBePlxeHllfi ItMu npecryn.nexua. O6tgsrqs o6 arou apMIltM BBepeHHono MHe

Sfonra, Ao6asrlo, rlro MHoio orAag np-llKa3 6es cyAa pac-H ifpe,rueam rex, Koropbte 6yayr rpa6urb, Hacl.lJloBarb y6lraam KaK MLtpHbIx xnre,lefi, raK II cBolrx 6oeBblx coparurxon, u Bcex, KTo nocMeer He ucnoJlHflTb 6oegblx npllKa3oB B Te MHHyTLI' KorAa peuaerctt BOnp-oC CyUecTBoBaHlis Oreqectaa, cBo6oAbI H peBonrcunq. x He ocra' HOBITOCb HH nepeA qeM BO I{Mt CnaceHufl PoAuttu or ru-

6enu, npuuuttofi roropoft flBrqercf noAJIoe [oBeAeHue npeaare,refi, usr,reuHuKos Ir rpycoB. Hacroaulufi IpHKa3 nDorrecrb Bo Bcex porax H 6arapenx. feHepal Koptttl' ,rbe>. (tl|BHA CCCP. O. 2228. On. 2. L. 307.

il.222-223. a5 Peqr r{Aer o Aeficrstqx 6arapen 25-ro rraoprupHoro aprnnnepuftcr<oro AHBII3I.IoHa B_ ponre y 4. MItnbHo. B ny6,'rur<aunl-r <KfiescKofi Mblc,'tn> 5 anrycra 1917 n. ertt

co6Hrnq orHeceHbl r 14 nro'ns. a6 <He nplr3gaBatl HIlKoro H Hllqero' oHH B Teqegfie HecKoJtbKrrx Agefi trlaccaltlI 6poAn.nn tro orpecrIIr,IM AepeBHfiM, BopoBanI{, rpa6nau, HdcaroBllJIIl, nos6yxlan x ce6e crpanuoe o3JIo6reHHe KaK co cropoubl oxBaqeHlrblx aHapxlrqecKl.rMu HaCTpOeHlIfiMI.l COrAar, TaK I.l CO CTOpOHbr Mecrgblx n<utenetl> (Kuescraq MLIcJlb. 1917. 5 anr.). a7 KouasAuporrr 6pura4u 6u.n renepa.r-uafiop Ht{-

xonafi Banesr!.rHoBrrq Op,roacrufi (L872 r. p.). Vnpae.reHne 6pma4u nor'Iftt.E,rto oxolo 18 qacoB 15 I'IIoJIfi I'I3 IIITa-

6a xopnyca <<flpLIKa3aHHe BbIAe.IrHrb 6arapeo ans ycMHpenua 46-fi AHBII3I.Iu. Ertra sHAereHa cBoAHat 6atapex uo I opyAuro or xaxAofi 6atapelr>. B xypua,re BoeI{HbIx ,4eficr:sfift I -ro ANsugEoHa noaqepKl'tBaerct, qro cBoAHafl 6arapea BbIAe,reHa 6u.la <<g rapare,lluufi orpxr aJIfl -vcrvlr.rpeHr{t rs6ynronanrueftcR nexoTHofr II.IBI{3I'IU> iurBza cccp. o. 3675. ou. 2. [. 355. JI. 3; A. 362.

il.4).a8

B cooteercrBulz c nopsAKoM craprul'lHcrBa crap.IUUM rrplr paBeHcTBe B qllHe ctiuTatcfl oQu{ep, KOTOphII'l 6o,'ree ArurelbHoe BpeMt npe6una,r B HacrotlqeM rIHHe, a ecJru t4 3Aecb 6uLro panencrBo B npeAHAylqeM tIilHe rr Ta( .u,aJree.

-

4s PAEHE llaser AAoJtftonul

-

nopyql.rK, Bnoc-

!'reAcrBr.ru urra6c-xanatag; HHxeHep no o6pasoeaullrc, trpu-

3Ban Ha Sponr ua 3anaca. B ceura6pe l9l7 r., KaK cneuHaJrHcr, 6u.n orxouanAl{poBaH B pac[oprxeHxe 3aBe.[vrcuero asrolr{o6HruHofi .{acrr!o Ceaepnoro $ponra, IIo cie,u.eunnrrl Ha l8 fitoHq l9l8 r. npo)KI'IBan n flpoc.nan.ne.

5q float<osgt x Bna.{uur'rp HsaHosuq Tonnlnn B l9l7 r. 6u,r xoruasAupou 29-ro ,I[,oncxoro Ka3ar{bero rorKa. B cepeAHue orrx6pl 1920 r. B pe3ynbrare peiiAa s-ii xanalepuitcxoft AHnHsHu Kpacublx tlo rbL'IaM BpoHf€r'I€B-

cKofr apMHH reHepa,'r-Mafiop Tonn,nnu 6Hr gaxsaqeH B n,'leH na cranuHr 6o.'riruoir Toxl,lax, a 3areM <sapy6;reu na 4o-

pofe> apfi Bo3Bpalqcltttu rpacttofi KoHHl.rIrbI (cM.: lll

ft^.^^8. pnV_n9e na lOxnorr.r $ponte (cenrr6pl-xor6pr !9?9 . ) C6opnux ,qoxyueHroi.' @pynsd. 1988. C. ld7, 145). 'st

29-it u 33-fr .lloucr<orl Ka3aqbu noJrKr{ u lb-fi Cau-

,qouupcrnfi KoHHo-florpaHnqsufi nolx.

52 OcralrHas gacrb noJrKa c I

I urc,rq HaxoAHnacb Ha

n03auHH Bo BpeMeHHoM uoAqt uettrdH KoMaHAvrou-(ero 6_fi Ouu,rnHAcxofi crpe.nr<oeoft I.t4BH3Htr renepa,r-uafiopa EpeAosa. OAHaxo Ha 17 rrn,rq B porax uo.rra xarnuo 6ri,ro

.'rr-rurr 562 qeJ'roBeKa... (tlfBHA CCCP. O. 2TgE. On. 2.

Jt. 33-34).

L. 74.

5? I{noe onucaHr{e co6urufi Aaer ra3era <KqeBcKafl Mbtrcrrb> or 5 annycra l9l7 r.: <B l0 qacos yrpa no po-

u1e 6u,ra _orKpbrra crpe,nl6a oqepeAqMn ua rircornx paspbrBax. Crperr16a Beracb cdreAyroulr.iu o6pasorrl. floc;re

flepBofi oqepeAr.r nay3a B 20 ruuuyr, norou cpa3y ABe

oqepeAn u onrrb nay3a B 20 uuHyr, 3areM c ne6o.ntrunMrr nepepbrBar.{H eure AeBflTb oqepeAefi. flo cBeAeHr.tflM, flocrynnBur.rM no3AHec. : . : [ocrpo;ren] uu nocle nepaoft orrepeArr nbrraJrucr, co6pat MfirHHr, Ho cneAyrcuas oqepeAb

ero pa3roHana. floc,re rpertefi nonurru onlr xoreJru cr{pbrrbcr n 6o,rruroft Jrec, pacrroJroxennufi ro)KHee Aep.

Mlr,rrno, Ho 6ri.'rn HeueA.neHHo ocraHoB,teHbI 3arpaAHT€r'IbHblM nyJIeMeTHblM OrHeM CO CTOpOHbt IIyneMeTqIiKOB : . :-cKoro [o,rKa... floc.le AsenaArlarofi ttrparrHeJrn : . :rlbr caa"rlucb. Bcex apecronauHsrx co6paJln B oAHo Mecro u oxo,lo 2 qacoB AHq nocJra,rlr ynbrHllaryM a : .: cxuh n : . : cxufi [oJrKr.r c rpe6onauuerr,t nocrpolrrbcr 6es opyxur.

Tpe6oaaHne 6u.ro HeueA,reHHo Hc[oJrHeHo...>. B apxurnlrx QoH,u,ax yAaJrocb pa3brcKarb ;ruur xpafiHe JraKoHHsHOe OnUCaHfie KaparerbHofi aKllr.ru: <<B 46-fi Aasueuu [o.rIKH orKa3a.rrncb Bbrno,'rHg'rs 6oesue flplKa3anlrt, a 3a-

reu fpoxoncxuft n fly,rryccxufi norxtt noBI.IHoBaJIItcb I.I BbrAaJrH r,{aBHbrx 3aqnHulr.rKoB, K ApyraM AByM nonKaM 6uno npuueueHo BoopyxieHHoe sogAeficrene. flocte o6-

cTpena qacrH c.{a.rrncb, rJIaBHbIe BilHoBHHKU BHAeJIeHH H npeAaHbr BoeHHo-no.rreBoMy cyAy),- roBopHnocb B cBoAI(e HacrpoeuHRx B apMnr.r, nanpanaeuuofi o Craaxy,

o

(Uftsl4A CCCP. O. 2003. On. 2. I\. 4tl. JI l05).

5a Peqs rAer

o noMorqur{Ke apueficxoro KoMuccapa

HHronaese.

55 <<16 no.lR. Oxo,ro 20 qacoB 6arapes a3 Kaparenb-

soft ercneAuqnn BepHynacb. Areasuq ycllneua. flo;ro)KeHHe rpeBoxHoe,- Bepcrax a 20 nparee Hac lrAer 6ofi>,- 3anucaHo B xypHaJle BoeHHbrx AeficrBlrfi 6puraAur (U|BI4 A CCCP. o. 3675. On. 2. A. 355. JI. 3).

56 flepnoHaua,rruo B coorBercrBnx c pacnoprxeHueu BpeueHHo.o npaBure.nrcrsa 6ur yqpex,(eH BoeHuo-peaoarcqnouuuii cyA 46-fi nex<lrnofi AusnsHB rroA

lpeAceAate,'rbcrBoM urra6c-xanurana flonosa. 9nc.no

apecroBaHHbrx ro,'rbxo r OcrporeucKoM flonKy Aoxo,Enno ao 700 qeJ'roBeK, K cyay, oaHaKo, npnBneqeHo 6u,ro 69.

29 ur.ns ne 24 noacyauunx 184-ro Bapurancxoro [oJlxa rpoe 6uar npuroBopeHbr n cueprHofi xasun, 8-K 6eccpouuofi Karopre, l3-x l5-ru, a l-x 20-ru roAau Karopxnbrx pa6or. A rpeMr AHflMH panee 6u;r paccrpeJlaH (3a npecrynHyro AeflTe,lbHocrb> pRA0rofi Toro xe

tt2

noJrKa fI. fl. Vaapuen. Bcrope, reM He Menee, BblqcHr.r-

nocb, qTo coBepuleHHble npecTynneHflq He noAJlexaT KoMnereHrluH Boenno-peno"rrcqlroHHbrx cyAoB, TaK KaK npB-

xas o6 sx co3Aauurr 6u,r nolyveu n 46-fi AasusHlt Jrr{rlb 17 urols yrpou. lloeroMy Aena 6ur.rru nepe4aHH s CoeAuueHuufi cyA Koprrycos Oco6ofi apMrl.t Arrr paccMor-

peHns B ycKopeHHoilr nopqAKe. OcyxAessne pagee K cuepruofi rarHu fl. Eue,rlRuoa, n. KoHaureHxos r1.

M. Kyx no xoAaraficrBy KoMHccapa Bepxonuoro lrasHoKoMaHAyroqero .N1. .N{. !DrlaoueHno 6u,rn noMuJroBaubr.

Ae.'ra CoeA'rHessoro cyaa KopuycoB 3a coorBercrByrorqnii neprroA Hc coxpaHrirrrcr (I_[IBHA CCCp. O. 2326.

On. 2. .ll. 6a3).

s7 26 aarycra A. Q. KepeircKoMy qepe3 6eceAosanuefo c .rI. f. I(opHu.lonul"r g crasre s Morarese B. H. _Jltnoea, q.'leHa IV focyaapcrsennofi AyMbr, nepe-

Aauo 6u.no rpc6oeauire nepeAaqu elry <ecefi soeHnofl u rpax,a,aHcrorf BJracrn>. Ha c"rea.yrcu1ufi gear B CraBKy 6r,rla ornpasnena renerpaM,lra l(opnu.rony c rpe6oeanaervt HeMeA.reHHO CA6rb AOr.r){(HOcTb reHepany Jlyxoucxouy n HeMeAJreHHo-

npu6urs a llerpor.paA.'28- annycra B reJre-

rpaMMe_ ry6epucralr

u o6,racrHuu xouuccapau Kopnnloe

6r,u o6ras.[eH Mrre)r{rrHKoM Ir H3MeHHnroil, a 29'anryc-

ra o6tqg,reHo o6 or,JacneHuH or AoJ'lxHocru H npeAaIrnlr cyAy 3a - Mrre;( reHe-pa,roB I(opun,roaa, ,(enr_rknna, /lyxoracroro, Mapxona r Kuclqrosa. A aO iorycra 4ei

peHcxr-rft cra,r BepxoalbtM r,'raBHoKoMaHAyroutnM. Haqa,,rb-

luurou ura-6a_ npu HeM 6u.'r uagsaqen ieHepa.lr or r.tH$aHrelrull M. B. A,rercees.

58 l5 ceurn6ps l9l7 r. B ynpaBneHire

6prra4u no_

!-lynu,r 3anpoc o KoMaHAHposaHnH 3. H. fHauanrosa s

llerponpal B KaqecTBe KaHAu,(ara Ha Ao,rlxHocTb M,lalIue.ro crpoeBoro oQu_qepa KoHcraHrauoscKoro aprunJle_

pliiicKoro- yqHnr.rua. 17 cenrr6pr oH Bbrexa,,r B ornycK, a zb _oKrflopfl B cBfl3H C y6uruena KoMaHAyroqeto -6ara.

qe^efi_acrynu;r__B-o BpeMeHHoe KoMaHAoBariue (IlfBHA CCCP. o. 3675. O;. 2. A. t32. II.362, 366;'.tr 426. .rt. 9l t-913).

ss flo,lnpanoputHK Cuopra,roa

n aexa6pe lgl7 r.

- H3opaH B3BoAHbrM KovaHIHpoM 2_fi 6arapen. obr.r 60 POA3flHKO Baa4nurp

KoB-HuK, KoMaHAHp l-fi

An4peenxl

-

no/tno,,t-

H BpeMeHHo KoMaHAyroutnft l-lr ArrBH3[oHoM. _6arapen Bxo,qri.n s cocias 6ouraauoro xoMlrera,.oaHaKo B xoAe nu6opoa B AeKa6pe lgl? r. ne 6n,r ls6pau Ha Ao.rrxnocrs xouau4npa qaiastoua, ycrynHB nocre Broporo rypa ro,'locoBarrr Kantrauy B. B. IIIvBan[KoBy. llo cBeAeHHqM Ha I8 lroun l9lg r. npoxHBaJr a Apxannelrcre.

6t EypHryg co6urus ao 2-lt 6arapee npoHcxoAHJtH _ 30 orrn6pa l9l7 r. r u_. floa6epexre.'31 o,(r;6p; ;p;nopre no KoMaHAe 3. H. I-HarIulToB nficaJr: <Cero qxcJra s ga6o.lea H ornpaBnncr Ha r{3JreqeHHe a nepeaasounufi nyHKT>. _B ueArr{nncxou cBn,{ererbcrBe, n6Anxcasxou apavou_H. A. fanaunsnM, orMeqanocr, uro <urra6c_xa-

nnraH rtaqaHron BcJteAcrBue 6o,resHH'xaroDa ToJrcrblx xxueK cero qncra ornpaanen B nepeBqgoqxilfi orprAf.

n3

A 2 uon6pn oH, cyAq rro AoKyMeHry 54-ro rblxoBoro

3BaKonyHKra, <6ua eaaxyupoBaH B nopoA Krree... Aas aaarsefiurero reqeHlrt) (U|BI4A CCCP. (D. 3675. On. 2'

Jr. 366-385).

A. t32.

62

Peqr uAer o6 ycraHoBnentrr.t Coeercxoli Bracrn B Mocrne, Boopy)KeHHbIe crorKHoBcHtltt e xoropofi npouc-

Vxe g srn xoAuJ'rrr c 27 omn6pn no 3 Hor6pn 1917 AHH no orHoIIreHHIo K nporHBHHKaM KpacHorBapAeliqes u

r.

nepeueAunx Ha cropoHy peBonrculln. aoficx craJl ynorpe6rarr,cR TepMHH <6e,raq rBapAfitl> (raK Ha3blBarcfl or-

pfijt aorKoBHxxa TPecxuua). ' o3 Tosapuuq airopa no .[l,o6poeo,rsqecxofr ap]tuu tBHo

BBeJr efo r'sa6.ny>xgenae. B xoae nlt6opon 14 u 24 le'

xa6pa l9l7 r. Aetictsrre,'lluo oQH(epbl-KoMaHArlpH He coxiaHHtu cBou npe)I(HHe AoJIr(Hocrl{, oAHaKo Ila6panu Ha ;ux 6u.nn, n ocHoBHoM, taxrxe oSnqepbl, a Ha AonrxHocrr.r KoMaHrlupoa 6arapeii u sblue - o4nlr oQuqepui'

Cvaq no AeJlottpoH3BoAcrBeHHoii nepen]IcKe, Aarl{poBaHu6it anperer*1, 6f unaaa BoBce He 3aKoHq[,'Ia cBoero cy-

ulecreoBaHnq B rHBape 1918 r., a AI'Ic,oIIHpoBa"lacb B Mecre cBoero AoBoellHofo KBaprllpoBaHng - n Pocroeeflpoc.rasctont. 18 ul'oHn l9l B r. A. M. Beftc6axoM, BbI6opnuru KoMaHAHpoM 6pura4l't, (a e ro BpeMt- IIpeAce6ul'n noA-aui"ra" ee Boel^luo-ttcropuuecrofi xouucc-ltn), roroBJreH <HIr,lessofi cnrlcoK BollHoB 3-R rpeHaAepcKol'l aoru,r.neDltficxofi 6puralu, npeAHa3HaqeHHblx K npl{fnauri""ro'ua c$opv:rpoBaHne 6plrraAu (e ncpByto' Broouepelu)>. CpeAu nepnooqepeAHl'lKoB 3Ha,ovro r{ Tperbto 'utra6c-xantt'ras 3. H. lnauugroe, [p-oKI'lBaBIIIuu

uitrcs u

;ffi; ; M".*"itiiena cccP. tD. 3675' on' 2' t<u*' Ir3Becruo' perl{crpar{Hs 6lrsurrrx orpunTqz.,li.-zi.

rlepon 6u,ra opraHu3oBaHa raM I'I3 pyK BoH flJloxo' BbIIl yHHXeHI're Aop-ox(arusanact uepearo n ocrop6,reuue '(cna': A- f' BoeHutHx csoeil q'ect,ro ro,qeri ^Kaerdpaase Hbre c[eqltaJIHcrbl Ha c.nyx6e Coretc{oro rocyAapcrBa

i9l7-iCI0 m. M., 1988.-C. 98-99)' 3'ro, a raK)Ke ycnue

neHUe peflpeccllBHblx reHAenqtlli Cose'rcrofi BJIacrn

MOTJIO He BbI3bIBaTr' I{3BeCTHOTO OTTOKa nOTeHIII{a'libHblx

BoeHc[erroB B pa3nliqHbte 6e.nue apultn'

A. A. EOPMAH

MocrBo-1918 (H3 sAnnCOK CEKPETHOTO ATEHTA B KPEMJIE)

Apxannfi Anr$pe4onuu Bopuan poArrJtce s l89l r. n llerep6ypre B ceMbe HH)KeHepa ns odpyceuxnx HeMqeB. Maru ero, ApuaAna Bla4nmnporxa Tupxoea (no BropoM 6paxe 6uta [sBecrHblM JtnreparypHuu n o6- Bn,nrsuc), IIlecrBeHHbtM AecrereM, qJreHoM IIK xaaercxofi naprxx n, Kcrarrr, ruMHa3uqecxofi no4pyrofi H. K. Kpyncxofi. t

Becnofi l9l8 r. Eoprvran ro ceKperHoMy 3aAaHHn KoHrppa3BeAKH .ll,o6ponoarqecxofi apMnr{ nocrynHn Ha coBercKyr) cayxr6y e MocKne r{ BcKope 6naro4apn cBor{M rnqHHM KaqecTBaM H CTapbrM cBcSgM AocTHr OTBeTCTBeHHHX nOcToB, 6Jrnsxo coureJrcf, c 6ourutesxcrcKnM pyKoBoAcrBoM, yqacr-

BoBaJr B 3aceAaHHsx CoBHapKoMa, BxoAHJr B cocraB coBeT_

!K_o4 AeJreraqnr.r Ha nepenoBopax o rpanxqe MexAy PCOCP n VxpanHofi...

3anncxn <B crpaxe BparoB. BocnouxuaHfic o Coserqxofr crpaHe B neproA lglS ro4a> 6uuu no4roroBJreHbl A. A. EopnraHoM B 20-x rr. n llapnxe. Amop, KoHeqHo, H€ uor 6um BnorHe o6textnnen, gMorlHH n neHanncrr x 6olr[reBIr3My saneqarJren[cb Ha oqeHKe co6urnfi. O4Haxo Ha-

AO HMeTb B BrrAy, qTo 3anficKH eTH He npeAcTaB.[gflH KaK(F ro-.nn6o nponaraHAHcrcKoro 3HaqeHus lr BoBce He npeAHa3HaqaJrncb Anc ny6rrtKarux, npoqHo oceB B saKpHTbrx AJrfl

nccreAonarelefi QoHlax Pyccxoro 3arpaHnqHoro ncropnqecKoro apxnBa n llpar_e. He pacrpuBarorcc aBropoM rr rexHnqecKr.re ceKperbr p a6oru 6elornap4efi cxoro no4no;l rr.

3Haqnrelrno, qro B cBonx neqarHbrx pa6orax, B ToM IloAroroura rexcra B. I. EoprxeBcxoro lr E. JL Bapycrxuoil.

Ilpe4nclorxe n xoMueHrapufi B. f. Foprnercxoro.

ll5

qncfle H B Knnfe BocnoMnnaHnfi, BbruleAulefi n BauuHrroHe

s 1964 r., A. A. Bopuan onycKaer croJlb npxufi enn3oA

csoefi xHsHH, coo6ulaq raKoHt{tlHo JII{tlIb o HeJIeraJIbHoM nepexoAe t$Necxofi rpaHl{qbl n g,era6pe 1918 r. 2 Mexr reM KaK

BbrffBfl€HHble B apxHBe AeJIorlpoI{3BoAcTBeHHbIe AOKyMeHTbI rroArBep)KAarcr ero clyx6y n HapxouroprnpoMe. 3 Coser-

cKr{e ny6rnxaqxn cKpoMHo yManqnBaxlr o6 yg,aulurom <(KpeMJreBcKoM areHTe>. Iloxa.nyfi' JIIIIIIb s shluleAuefi s 1920 n. (n nepens4agnofi n 1989-r'r!) <KpacHofi KHI'Ire BIIK> Moxc{o orblcxarb BecbMa rJlyxoe ynoMuHaHne o6 erou:

<...oHH (xoHrppenoJlloqlloHepbl.- B. E.) npno6p-eraror ocBeAoMure.nn n KpemJIe' B Kpyry Connapxotrta, u3 6;tu3xo oAHH H3 COCTaBI{TeJIeI{ eMy cTosBlrrfix JIIlu> - oTMeqaJl KHHtlt qeK[cr M. fl. JIaquc. a Bnepnue orpblBKl{ H3 BocnoMnuanufi A. A. Eopu-ana 6sl,rn ony6rurosanbl coBceM HeAaBHo.5 Hacroqqan ny6ttuKaunr ,n,aeT ql{TareJlrc 3Haq}IreJIbHo 6olee pa3BepHyroe rrpeAcraBJlevHe o6 sroM BaxHoM HcroqHHKe H qBrgercfl 6 ciyneNrn Ha IIyrH K ero norHoMy HayqHouy us;1aHurc'

I E o p u a n A. A. A. Tuproaa-Bu'11'qMc IIo ee nucb-

MaM I'I BociIoMIiHaHlIffM ee c. 29, 56.

cblua' Bauruslron' 1964'

2 Tau >xe. C. 190' a qfAHX. O. 413. On. 8. A. 466.

n KpacHax xsura Br{K / Hayv' pea' A' C' Be"ruAo-

sa. T' I. M., 1989. C. 120' u B crane BpafoB' Mocxea, l9l8 roaa' rrasarll'I-6e-

aie"ta (ny6n' - loAr" B' Soprueecxrafi N E. BipycrilHa) // E,q'l'lHcrao (perraoua'nlnafl ra3era JIen"".pu4.r.ti 'npoSeccuonaJtbHblx colo3on)' 1990' Ne l' (17 uan). C. 8. ' u lliAOP CCCP' O. 5881. On. l A' 8l'

noraapaeficxo"o

nPLlE3A B]llOCKBv

Bo eropoil TIoJIoBI{He Mapra i9l8 rola qipi,lexa't B Mocrsv c lora, fAe norepsr B crenqx c'rrea Ao6poBoJIb;;;;"ft'apMI'Iu t. ilIe,r nsruft Mectlq 6o'rr''regficrcKofr sracrn. Vxe 6un noAn"can Epecr-'rlrroscruft uup' Corercxue e rreHrpaJ'rb'Hble yqpex{AeHI'Ifl rlepeex-aJIil us flerporpa'ua gnacr' 6H"Io Coeercxori t1o.;uy. 3a6url'cyurecrBoBaHie

OKpy)KeH KoJIbIIoM IpOAOBOJIE"CTB€H- r0poA Hbrx oTpflAoB, no y,'iu[aM ro Ir .ileJo npoxoAflT'B3BOAbI MOJloAqeBarbrx .narl[ueri. Kperra,rrt A,rq o6bleare.rleil yxe [oqrl{ HeAocryrleH. Bo,rlruesuKll B cBol{x ra3erax yno-pHo rBep-

HeBO3MoxHO

Anr o6 ocyuecrBJleHuli Bcex cBol{x [porpaMM' He ro'nlxo ll6

TBepAqr, Ho I{ ocyqecrBJlfflor. EaHxlt 6u,'tIl HaquoHaJ'II{3ttpoBaHbr errle B HaqaJre 4exa6pn 2. Bce BpeMq lpo[cxoAqr xoHQucxaql{H roBapHbrx cKJraAoB lr Mara3nHos. Kaxercq

AocraroqHo Qaxron, qro6u y6e4umcr, qlo 6orrureguru 4eftcreyor Bcepbe3. Ho ruupoxln'r o6HBare,rb sro [oHHMaer or{eHb rIJIoxo. OH lo.nlxo HeAoBo.rteH -- pyfaer 6o"rurueBL{KOB 3a npeAaTeJrbcTBO, yXaCaeTCq pocry r{eH, Ho coBepIXeHHO He OUyqaeT, qTo HacTyrraroT BpeMeHa aHTr.rxpficTosH. OH He co6upaercfl ll3MeHnrb cBoto >KI,t3Hb, a ro,'IbKo crapaercr Heci{o;bKo npuc,noco6urbcg K o6croqrertcrBaM. B ercr*l orH'orIIeHHr{ KaKVIo-To oco6vo cnenorv llDoflB,{ter re,'Ioeofi gJreMeHT. Hauaoganu3auuq 6aHxoe He flBr.rJracb AocraroqHF,IM npeAyrrpexAeHueM. Kynuu cMupHo cuAe,'rrr B c,BoHX Jra,BKax rr cKr,'IaAax, c xaxofi-ro HenoHsruoji noxopHocrbro o)KLrAaq, KorAa r{oMMyHr.{,crnqecKar B,'racrb or6eper or HHx IlMyuecrBo. Iulsre,n,rureHur.{rr eure qr{ra,ra cso6onHtie taserbl -_ KorAa 6unlr saxpurbr MocKoBCKHe, eule Hecr(oJ'rbKo HeAeJrb rrpHXoAlrJrrr neTpofpaACr(r{e- r{ orpaHr.iqI,IBaracb pyraHbro 6ontmeefiroe. Huxro He co[rHeBa.rrcfl, qro 3To He HaAoJrfo. Hacrpoeuue 6H,[o sbrxr.tAarejtbHoe. THcqq[ od[uepoB cr.{Ae,rtr s Mocxee, Hr.{KyAa ue codupancr exarn. ,IIllq, aKrr{BHo pa,6oranurux fiporrrB 6o;lruenuxbs, e Mocxse 6H_ ,'Io, Mo)KeT 6utr,, HecxorbKo aecqrKoB. B t"_ BpeMeHa 6o,rnrueer.txH Aep)Ka,1ricb, HecoltHeHHo, To"rbKo 6"rrarogapa 3ToMy HeonpeAe.[enHo paccesHHoMy Ha-

crpoeHaro o6ulecrsa, 6.taro4apa He[oHqrHo orKyAa np]r_ rueArueft yBepeHHocrr.r, rITo 6o,rtureaacrcras BJracTb 6es BcflKHX eogAeftcrsilr'r cropo rraAer, ricqe3Her caua co6ori.

Conercxaq tsJracrb eule 6u,ra n,'roxo opraHu3oBaHa. gexa eu{e He sBr'rsJracb MoryuecTBeHHbrNr annapaToM, nycTIrB_ IIJTIM rqyrraJrbUa Bo ,Bce rropbr o6u{ecrsa. B re eperrleHa ge_ xa 6wna Ha[paBo rr Har'reBo e[{e B 3HaqnTeJrbgoft crenesa

Bc/'renyFo. Ec"ru 6u rofAa B Mocrne cyulecrBoBaJra oDfaru.i3oBaHHaq fpynra ,rrc4eii, To MoxHo 6uno 6u ,ru"'", a IJIaBHOe, IIpoHnKHyB B COBercKae yqpexAeHr{q, H3HyTpr.i B3opBaTb 6orruresuxo'a. Ho pyccKrre-,.TroArl 3Tofo He noHlr_ MAilH. V 6o"[lueer{KoB He xBaraJro oBoux ,rrroAeii A,,rq 3anor,iHeHI.rq BCeX MeCT B KoMliccaprrarax, oHH AaXe He MO|JII{ npoH3'BOAHrb crporyrc npoBepKy BCex JrHU, [ocrvrrHBruHx

K Hr.rM Ha c.tyx6y. Bce yqpexAeHus, 6r,tnu safio,,]HeHrr fl

I{OHTPPCBOJ'IIOIIH'OI{CPA M I-r. BO,TITUA qACTb 3THX TIPOTI'IBHII. KOB COBeTCKOTO CTpOfi qecTHO C,rryxr.ir,Ia cBoI]M HOBbIM XO_ 3retsaM H Hx pyK-aM_l_ 6onlureer.rKH 3aKpe[,rfl,rrH cBoe

(rpn noMoulu A. V. Auy6a-V1nlsena, 6Hsrxero AeJro... qd,reHa lt7

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Mar roproBJIH H [poMbrIlJIeHHOcrH pe,u.) ucno;lHrn f ue 4yuar,o, qro oH (Aury6-i{,rb3eH

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KaKHe-To KonTppeBorIouHo,HHbIe llopyqeHufl, ro ecrr 6ltn lrrrrnorroM. Ho no cnoeft ry.tlrype 6u;t H.HocrpaHIIeM, AJIfl

Koroporo Poccux, ne6alauyveuHaR 6o.ntruenuraMH, oKa3a.rracb gau6onee noAxoAgulHM Mec'roM A;ts co6crseHuoro ycrpoficrsa. Aury6-H"'tb3eH 6Hn o'IeHt rlrrHqeH AJII rex HepyccKux gJIeMeHroB, B Koropbtx 6o"ruruesuxn cpa3y Hau"lrr onopy.

Konanccapuar Toproo.rlu noMeu{a,'Icfl 'B re BpeMeHa Ha tr4"rrsuxe. HesaAorro Ao Moero rlocryll.reHua oH 6u,l nepeBeAelr a Mocrny ne flerporpaAa 3. Or craporo MIrHHcrepc'rBa He ocTa,'locb noqru HI'IKaKOTO CJIeAa. c AarouaMu, B Koropble 6u;ru norpyll(eHbI MHHl'r'crepcKrre apxnBbI, BbIIIIJIo KaKoe-To HeAopa3yMeHl'te, H llx 3arHaJI qyrb rH He a Open6ypr.

,floqrH HItKTo Ir3 crapbl.x rIiIHoBHIlKots He ocra,lct cJIyxr.irr 6onlueBuKaM. Bce s KoMl'Iccapnare crponJlocb IIorioBoMy, noxa,lyir, HII B oAHoM BeAoMcrBe He 6u.no raroft ,rioMKH. 3ro oScroqrerbcrBo II AaJIo I'rHe Bo3l\lo)KHocrb 6ucrpo cAeJlarb Kapbepy, BnpoqeM' srol\{y cnoco6crnosa.1o 10, qro s 6ul Bo BpaxecKoM rarepe II coBeplxenuo He crecHq,,'Icff 'B CpeJ,CTBax Ad'lq /locri'I;{ienItq cBo}ix qe'refi'

Aury6 rraeHa cpasy IIoBe.l K llcnoJlllttloueuy o6asaHHocrl{ KoMr.{ccapa Epoucxouy a. 3ro 6sI.'I ';e"loneK cpeAHI4x JI-er' oAerufi io-enioneiicr<1. Ha nepeuit ll3r.rleA-efo rpyAHo 6uJlo 'rIpHHqrb 3a peBo,llouuoHepa, 3a J,pyra ,rleultua' OH 6u;l enpefi, Ho HH B ero BHe[IHocrli' HII B roBope Huqelo c[equ$irqecru enpeficxoro ue 6lt.llo. 3aro no.nlcxas KyJIbTypa cKa3bIBaxacb Bo 'Bcel\I, Aa II roBopI'lrb oH npe,([or{HTafi nb-nonrcrir. CuH JtoA3ltHcKoro Qa6ptrxaHTa' oH yrlurcfl 3a rpaunu.eii iI noJIyqlIJI AoKropa e [npuxcxoM yHl{Bepcurere' Fie sHalo, rAe I{ KorAa oH ts'crper}Lrcs c .ilexuultM, Ho 6uJt c HI,tM OqeHb ApyxeH, ctII4Tar'I 3a yqvlaro I'I AaXe, Kax(eTcflt s PoccHIo npueia;r s sa'nroN46npoBaHHoM BaroHe. fl Ao ctlx nop He IIo,IttlMaK), notleMy "rleunn ero BbIABHHyJ H nocraBIl,'l,npaBAaBpeluellHO,HOBCe)KeBOIilaBeOAHOTOIt3IIeHTpar'lbHblx tseAoMcrB. B uelt ue 6ltrto HfiKaKHx aAMIIHIlcrpaTi{BHbIX cnoco6gocreti u, x cqacrr,n A.lfl MeHt' oH coBeprueHHo ue pae6r.rpaJ'lcq B d'lloAlx' EpoHcliltft Bce IIpH'HHMaJI 3a rrHcrylo MoHery u 6u;t oqeHb AoBeprlHB u 6,raro4yueu' Co eHosl nocrynalottTnMll r{H}ioBHi'IKaMX M]tHllcrp cpa3y qro eoo6qe coHaqHHaJ'r pa3roBop _o- llapxce. fl saln.lJt, pa3AeJlflrcl elo B3rJtqAbI He Ho rJraceH c yqeHHeM Mapxc_a, (nce ero' fipol{ccrop 3asqsancfl Bonpocbl' HeKoropble Ha l18

xoAI.tJIo B cJIyxe6HoM Ka6HHere Eponcroro qacoB n I I ytpa), xot'tttccip cxaean, r{m q xor4a-Hu6y4o noftuy cuol.l

oun6x,tt'. f rie aoapaxaJl' rIeM' BeporrHo' tl rIonpaBlucq Bponcroruy u 6na cpa3y >xe HasHaqeH ceKperapeM orAena sHeuHeft TopToBJII{. Vnpan.unrculero or,ae,loM He cyurecrlBoaa.no. BpoHixuil n Alry6 JIH.IHo sa6lnAa.rllt sa ero pa6otofi, ec,rtr ro IIIyp[IaHne 6yrvtar, KoropblM MbI 3a'HHMaJIHcb' Mo)KHo HasBarb pa'6oToii. B re epeiraeHa eue'He cyuecTBosano Kolvrnccapnara Buerrruefi ToproBJI'H, H 6orgutestExlt eu{e o,6cyxAanu tsolpoc o po"IH rocyAapcrBesHofi BJIacrI{ so sHeIffHefi ropfoBJIe. B rcouaccapHare rorAa 6u,to oxo,ro cra cJIy)Kau{I{x, no 6o"'rlrueii qacru ero 6st"tii.t tIoAH coBep[IeHHo HeBexecrBeHHbIe, 3a IiCKJIIOIIeHHeM CTapbIX TIHTHOBHHKOB I'I3 pa3IHq'HbIX BeAoMcrB. OpraHlIsonuBaJla.cb KoMMyHllcrilqecKafl Rueftra, B Hee B HaqaJIe 3a,IlllcaJl0cb, Kaxer'cq, ToJIbKo qeTblpe I{JIH nflrb qeJroBeK, Ho ee ceKperapeM c caMoro uaqa.na 6un 3aBeAyrou{ufr ,ruqusrrrr cocraBoM... Asoe ura rpoe c 3aAopHbIM BI{AOM SagBJ'tfJIH, qTO OHH aHapX}ICTbI, HO Ha aHapXl{C-

roB oHr.r 6st.nu raxxe loxoxl{ KaKfl,Ha Herpa. B o6ureu, ITHKTO HLIqerO He AeJIaJI, He I'OBOpg, BfipOrIeM, O KaCCI{pe,

TofAa erqe nr'rarlrBrxeM aKyparHo c,'Iyx(ail{r-rM Aenlra. Aa n TpyAHo 6or.no qro-,ru6o Ae,rarr, KorAa Me)KAy orAer'rbHbrMn BeAOMCTBaMH tsCe.BpeMfl, IlJJill rreperoBopbr H C[Opbr O pa3rpaHltqenurl Qynxiluli. Haru xo'lasccap]rar BeJr npe[[pareJrbcrBa rJraBHbrM o6pasou c B.C.H.X. (...).

Tpyano cKa3arb, qeM q 3aHr.rMaJlcff co6crBeHHo roBo-

- sor:iru B AoBepr{e ps IiHr{eM. fl cpasy x{e rrroHflJr, qro" Mory x Spoucrcorr,ry H, c ,[epBbrx xe 4uefi cra,'r Bce qaule a qaue

noceu{arb ero ra6u,uer rr oqeHb 6ucrpo cAenaJrcfl 3a,BcerAaTaeM He ror'IbKo ero .c,ryxe6Horo ra6ltgera, Ho I,r HoMepa B rocrHHHI{e <MerponoJlb>>, fAe oH )Kr4Jr. 3ro, xoHeuHo, ynpoqfiJro Moe nonoxeHr.re fi coBepueHr{o JreraJrH3HpoBaJro Moe HnqeroHeAenaHlre (...). t{eu 6olsrue s rpscJryrxrrBaJrcfl K pa3roBopau 6poHcKoro c Aury6oru,,,reM flcHee ff rroHr{MaJr, 9To BC€r peueHr{g

Coauapxorvra H .qK ltaprutr oflpeAeJrrrorcr Jlenunuu.

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AyMaer JIenaH.. - Bse ,6o,'rtrueBuKr{,. saH14MaBlrrHe BbrcoKl{e nocTbr, A,eJrr.{J.rr.Icb. rl4 ABe KarefopfiLl ...-- Jrr.rqHble CTaBJTeHHHxu .IIe,unsa U QcraJIbHbIe. flepasre LI)rBc.rBoBaJIu ce6s npoqHO r.I yBepeHllo u B MexAyBeAoMcTBeHHblX cfiOpax BcefAa ., I'IMeJIHTII€pQESC..., :, : ,, .

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arlrocseper.

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IroJrr4efi, fl ee y[paBJIeHLIe cocpeAoTorrHBaJlocb B oTAeJIe siieuHefi TopfoBd'[r KoN{HccapHara roproB.'lrl. f,Ipil 3ToM oTAe.;re orKpbiBar'rcs Coser iBHeurneli roproBJtt, KyAa AoJlxHbI 6bInx sol'irll npeAcraBuTe.rtl coBercxtix BeAotvlcrB, a raKxe

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f npo4o,'rxa,'I ocraBarbcfl ceKperapeM orAe.la. [Iyprua,r 6yuaraMv Lr AeraJI BLIA, rITo pa6oraro. l.{asuoe xe BHrMaHr{e cocpeAorot{Lril Ha 3axBare B cBoe BeAe'H}ie neqa-

refi xouttccaplrara, Ho 3To oKa3a.rtocb serrerxofi saAanlefiV ueHs 3Haere ,'rH,- KaK-To cKa3aJI oH (Bpottpea.) MHe,- Bce HapoA B IIo"rtt{THqecKoM orHoIIJecxsfi Bce npa,Bbte, Ho fl nx Aep)Ky B KyraKe. HHH HeHaAexHbtft, Bor nepexoAnre Ko use. Bau Mo)KHo Bepnrb. V PaAexa r

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c JltoAblru, a c MarepHaroM, c Kpo,'IHKaMH, KOTOpbIM HylKHo flpou3tsecrH BHBHceKqIlru. I{yncrBoBaJIacb KaKaq-To rlor-

Has oropBaHHocrb or )KH3HII. B re npenaeHa rJIaBHbIe AeflTeJIH KOMMyHI{3Ma He 6Ur"ryU yBepeHbl B AoJItoBeqHocrl.I TO|O'

qro oHH npol.r3BoA.flT. Heo4HoxparHo s cJIbI[IaJI KaK y HHx npopbrBaJrocr: <<3ro HaAo fiorlpo6onart, noKa MbI cHAI'IM. Eypxyll He sa6yAyr, KaK MbI pacflopsxaJll'lcb H qro cAenara CoeercKas BJIacrb>>.

PsAon c grl{MII pyKoBoALITeJtsMH HoBoti e.nactu, JIIoAbMx, KoropL;e MaJro I{HTepocoBaJIHcb rtoApo6HocrsuH xueH a, B orpo M no u <<MerpoIIoJI e>> IorI'{ JI I'Icb JI IoAI.I III KI'I, IIp HJII{I Iulle K arotl g,'racrr,I To,'tbKo I,r3-ga MarepI,IaJIbHux 6"lar.

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pllar fl cra.r 6Hsarb B HoMepe 405 Merpolto,rlfl, B K,oropoM gTor cocrorrr'r r.rg noMeulancs uoft xoulrccapuar - HoMep AByx KoMHar c sa,HHotl.

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x(Hrb ts KoHTppeBor.rnquogHofi r{Baprnpe. Kousaru [oJryqrue 6u.na pacnpeAeJreHbr MexAy pa3JilrrrHbrMu 6orluresuxaMH, 3a'HHMaBrrIHMI.r,pyKOBOAq[Irre MeCTa Ha pa3IHqHbIX KO-

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MHccapxarax, Ho rJraBHbIx nlrAepoB Tyr He 6uJro, oHH xH;ln r Kpeuae. B <MerponoJre> rorAa crornu ?aKHe JtHr.Ia Karr, EpoHcxuft, f,lapnn, PaAex, Paxoncrxfi, lyroncrufi o u apy. rue. floqeuy-ro rpafiuue HoMepa JreBoro KpHJra 3AaHr.rt 6u,rlr gaurrbr pa3Jln,.{HbrM}I KoMHecapaMr.I xogrficrseHHux BeAoMcrB. floa EpoHcKr.rM HoMep 305 saHnl*,ra.n JIapuH co cBoHMn AeBHrraMH. Xr.r.nH no-pasHoMy. EpoHcxufi rar s ocrarcq cryAeHToM, AoBoJtbcrByscb flroxourxllM o6eAoM s cosercxoft croroeorl H tsHIxHsMH c JrorKa. A y Jlapuna noJrHar [poruBonoJrox.Hocrb. O,6uJrruaq u H3brcKaHHat nurrla. ,('ne uepuorJra3rne AeBurrbr BHHMareJrbHo H rrpeAaHHo yxaxr.rBanr 3a srHM orBpaTHreJlbHbrM ypoAoM c napaJr{rHqecKHMH pyKaMrr n KaKHM-TO CTpaIXHbIM HCKprrBneHHeM pra. Ho ecJrn HeKoropbre KoMMyHHcrbr u noJrtooBarxcb TOJTbKO HeMHOTIM, TO He nOTOMy, riro He MOfJr]I qerO-.lln6O floryr{HTb, a lrpocro ,rroroMy, qro 6n'l.nH 3aHsrbt ApyrHM. V xoulrccapoB B HoMepax 6u,ro AoBoJIbHo MHoro I(HHr. B grol,r oTHoureHlIH o6paula;ra Ha ce6g KoMHara PaAexa, 3aBa,reHHafl KHHraMfi I{ HeMerIKI.{Mn H aBCTpllfiCXnUl ragerauu. flo BerlepaM o6H'ruo KoMuccapcKue xouHaru 6uln nycrLr, raK KaK Hx o6rrare-lu orlpaBJIsJIIrcb B Kpeulr ua 3aceAaHHe MaJroro H.nu 6orrluoro coBHapKoMa.:,[,ueu xoMHCCapH ye3x(aJIH B yqpexAeHuf, a no yrpaM cHAerI,I Apyr y Apyra x o6cyx4a;ril co6ursq. tlaqe ncero cg6npaJlncb y JIapuua, ga,HHMaBUero rorAa xaroil-ro'nrrcoxuft ilocr B Bucurex Cosere HapoAHom Xoesficrsa. flpncyrcrnyt npn srux 6eceAax, fl noHff,rr, ttro Haxoxycb B o6uecrBe .npAeft coBeprxeHHo orrurlHoro oT MeHs lr3MepeHnfl. flosxe, xorAa fl craJr 6Hisaru n Kpev;Ie, u oco6euuo B pasmBopax c' JIeHnHuu 3ro oulyuleHlte Bo MHe yflpoqilJlocb erqe 6oaee. f naxoAu.nct cpeAu .nloAefi, Koropble cqHTaJIH, ttro qepHoe ecrb gerenoe, a KpaoHoe cfi,Hee. Kax H rIpH pasroBopax c ocraJIbHbIMH KoMMyHHcrac DpoHcxuv, npu pasroBopax MH s Cpa3y noHtJI, qTu A.[s HHx rlpe)KAe Bceno cyqecTByeT JIeHuH, a yxe sareM tIK, CHK II Apyrle yqpexAenuq. Bce HaquHa,'rocb JIesr.rHuu: <H,rru,I cKa3aJI, H.nrgq peIlH,'I, H.nurq cquraer>, a KoHqarocr xyrxoii H'AJIfl caMfix xoMMyHHCTOB TeHbro ,ll,Sepxnucxoro. 9acro fl cJlbluraJl or HHx: <Oe.nuxc Bo H[,rR peBoJrrorluH He noxaJleer H :cBoefi' MarepH>. To.nrxo gru ABa HMeHH BblAe,'rsrHcb. 06 :ocraubnblx, B roM qHC'Ie n o TpouttoM, ruBopHJllt KaK o paBHbIx. V Jlapuna B KoMHare AotsoJIbHo MHoro 6eceAosann o6 opraHn3arflrlr gneuHefi ToproBJIH. 3ascerAateJtflMlr y Hero 6uan MnlrorxH H JIoNog 7. Msoro cltopoB Bu3[ilBaJI Bonpoc o6 yq:acrnll go sHeulHeft ToproBJIIr qacrHbtx JIHU H opraHxsar(Hfi. flo=nx4ul'rovy K anpeJlro (tgl8 r,-pe4.) y r22

6oJtluesnxoB ellre ne cQopullpoBanocb peueHl'{fi oKoH'{ac qacrHoH ToproB"IeH' TeJrbHO H paAHKa&ItHO,pacnpalBHTbcq -JIeHlln roBopHJI o6 yuacruu MHoro B 6"."4e t Iouo"utm qacrHblx ntrlr Bo sueilHeii ToproBJIe. flocroRHno clopnJln raKx(e o. QyHxuunx orAerbHblx yqpexAeunit. KaxAuft xoTeJr orrgrart ce6e no6o.nlue.

C PaAexorta Bponcrlrii 6u,r crapuii npuxre.nr, Ha rbl' foaopnnn oHH Apyt c ApyroM IIo-no.rbcKI'I. flo-nu4unaorrly

ts xr{3'Hll HX He MaJIOe CB'3bIBaJI'O - oHI',l BCelAa BcnoMHHaJIH rrpoIIIJIoe. Pa4ery fl I:otleMy-ro'noHpaBHJIct' Ir oH noqrl;I

xaJroBancn, qr\o y Epoacxoro xopolilHe c.[yx{aql4e' a oH He Moxe'r"rIoAbICKarb A,rs ce6q (e xouNccapllar I'IHocrpaHHux Ae.n) BepHbIx nnAeit. qacrublM KBapKorurr,tynrlctbl pacce.rtsJllicb rlo ropoAy rto THPAM AOBOJIbTIO MCA,IICHHO. |IOAO6HO TIHHAM' NTOPTHYNTUCiI'

cfi apMI{H; oHlI npeAfloqura"{a Aep}Karbcff BMecre ?{ He pacnunsrrcq. Mnorue ttacrHble oco6ssxa yxe 6u.nn SaHqrbI

rIoA coBe1lcKHe .rlpe)KAeHllfl., rlo KBa'prHpbI AJIfl qacrHofo xHTbfi gaxBarbIBa.IIH oqeHb Mer,JIeH'Ho. Ho rorAa y)Ke 3axBarblBaJlHcb;: To IIpoqHo, li 3axBarql'iKH.cpasy ]Ke HaJIara' JIr,r cBolo, pyKy fl a : I.lMyulecrBo BJIaAeJibueB, npeBpau{4fl ' eto B ,cBoro co-6atseHHoctr. Tar, HarlptiMep, Aruy6, .crpeMI'IBtuuitcg. r{HorAa B pagroBopax co nsoil ,rn6eparbHl.{qarb H ,{a}Ke ;KpI{TIIKOBaTb 6o,IbrUennxon :(roHeuHo To,'IbKo ts KaqecTBe orlrro3r{Ilur{ efo Be"IHqecraa). 3aHffJI xaxyn-m 6oraryro KBaprr{py I.l 6es scsxax xo,re6asltii qepe3 Hexoropoe BpeMr'BbrBeg H3 Hee rue6e,rl B Apyrylo KBaprI'Ipy. Ha qacrHHe KBapTH:pbr coBeTcKas MeJ-IKoTa. 6pocunacn uo3)Ke, a.re qro crotJrx IIoBbII[e npoAorxiaJlx'ocraBarbcs'e 6oflltuux rocrlIHHIIax, qyBcrByfl ce6q noAo6uo 3aBoeBare,'IsM Ha 6Hsvaxax.

B cronosofi <Melpono,rs>> ff KaK-To Bcrperl{rcq c Paxoec KnM, I{OTOpOTO 3HaiI C iAerCTBa. B Ha'Iafle croJlerHff oH oKoJro roAa npox(Hn n flerporpaAe II 'Bpau{arcn B luSepa;llHrirx Kpyrax...5noa.n,y: Mu.rrcroBa rI y Crpyne.8. lloc;le cMepru cpoefi )KeHH Paxoecruft yexaJl I{s PoccHH H BepHyJrcr ronbKo ir uae l9l7 roaa. Vxe rorAa o HeM xoAHJII{ pa3Jrr{rrxbre cnyx}r. lonopu.rll, qro oH Ha c.nyx6e y ancrpuiiqes. Kaxercff pyMblnbr roxe flpeA'bflBJlfldlu euy uo4o6noe o6axnenne,,Ho rro RpHe3Ae e PoccHIo y Hero Bce x(e xBarI,IJIO HarJTOCTH TIOCeTHTb JIIIU, KOTOpbIX OH 3ttan CeMHaAIIaTb JreT TOMy Ha3aA.

KorAa MI'I BcrperuJluct, B cro;lonofi, To ff IIepBbIfi uoMeHr crpyxHyr. OAuaxo ParioscxoMy BHAI{Mo He npHIIIno B ronoBy.KaKyIo:f Mot/ fifparb poJlb,:II oH onpaHHqnncq

TOnbKO OAHI{M BOTIpOCOM.

l29

3saqar Bu ropas4o d'reBee KAAETOB. -f, roseqso 3ro [oATBepAHJr. Mu pasroaopu.nl.rcr. Pa-

xo'ncxl.tfi paccKa3a"{ I\{He, rITo oH noAfoToBJrfleT noe3AKy B Kypcx AJrfl MHpHbrx neperoBopoB c VxpauHoti tr coBeprxeHHO HeO)KHAaHHO fipeA.loxH!'r MHe exaTb c Hr.rM It npnrJracu,'r npr.tHflTb yqacTrre B coBexlaHr.rrr no opraHH3aqHH AeJreraUHI{...

NOE3AKA C PAKOBCKIITTI B KYPCK 3aceAauue ro opraHti3arlr.ru AeJrerauun npolrcxoAr.rnH B

oAHoM HB 3aJroB <<Merpononq>. noMfiMo Paroscroro, MaHyr4JrbcKoro (nropoft 4e;rerar) e u eule AByx-rpex KoMMyHr.rcro'B Ha Hrlx npucyrcrBoBa,'rfi f,'raBHbrM o6pasou 6usrxne

qI,IHOBHHKH 14 BOC,HHbIC, NPEACTA'B"'IflBIIIUE

PA3HbIE BEAOMCTBA.

FlaxoAnncq raM TaKxe H rrpeAcraBHrer'rb roproBo-npoMbltld'IeHHoro colo3a H;lr raxoli-ro ,qpyroft ueHrpa"rrbHofi 6ypxyasHoft opraHx3aqnu .Ilypte, qs,'rq,aunftcr BcerAa c ceKperapeM Ir 6o.nruruu KoJruqecrBou 6yuar H KHr.rr. Paaronopu ru.nu o6 3KoHoMHqecKoM pa3rpaHHqeHHH Beluxopoccrlll l.r VxpauHu Paxoscxuii Aeru,'r Poccuro. floxanyfi, 6onlure

- JIypue...

Bcex roBopn.n

Bnexanx rr,ru s KypcK B ABaArrarbrx rnrcJrax aflpeJrfl.

Tyla xe AoJrxHa 6ura npueXsrb ,rr,€r-r€raqsq Vxpalrncxoft paAbr.

Jlesus, a rBcJreA ga HrrM r{oHeqHo r.r ocraJrb'Hbre 6olllueBHKH, rrpr.rAa,Ba.nn 6o",rluroe gHaqeHue MHpHblM ileperoBopaM c yKpar{Hrrauu. flepero,Bopbr 3rr.r, Bnpor{eM, AoJrxHbr 6unH npoucxoAlTb He cro.tbKo c yKpaaHrlaMr.I, cxoJrbKo c HeMUaMU.

CSop 6un Ha3HaqeH s l0 qacoB Beqepa na Kypcxou BoK3aJre, KoHer{Ho, B ilapaAHblx KoMHarax. K uaua.ily ogHHaArraroro yxe Bce c'bexaJrr.rcb. Tpn 4elerara- Paxon-

ctrufi, tr{aHys.nlcxnfi n Cralun Aepxarcfl oco6o nooAaJrb. V Craausa Kaxoe-ro coBceM He3aMerHoe nuqo. HenputrH[,re, 3Jrbre fra3a. ll{exu H3pbrrbr ocnoft. fIoA nxAxaxou TeMHo-cr.rHfln 6apxaruar py6axa. Os uor.la, HerroABI{xHo cllArlr Ha Kpec"'te. MaHyn,rlcxnil, uepHufi, [oABLxHbIft uaqer'roBeqeK. OH pyccxufi, yBepqJr MeHs, qro Hg "reurxuf.r KpecrbflH Kuescxoii ry6epHnu. CyAa no ero Marepn, npuesxasruefi r( HeMy n l(uen, sro noxoxe Ha npaBAy. Srcneprbr uMeror AoBod'rbHo pacrepsHHbrft 'sr.rA. FIe sHaror KaK ce6x 4epxarl. Koe-xro Apyr c ApyroM 3HaKoM. Msoro no>xqJrbrx auu. Oxo.no Paxoecxoro Beprr.rrcfl l,ro.lroAofi eBpefi, Bo QpeHrre, ra.rrn$e H BbrcoKHX canorax. 3lo qexucr 3afit24

ueB, ceKperapb AeJIeraqHI'I. B yrJly cHAsr ABe cecrpbl MH,rocepAl{fl H KaKoI'r-To MyxqI'IHa c noBq3Kofi xpacHoro Kpecra. '

Bpeur HAer, MbI qero-To xAeM. OxagHeaercs' xeJIeSHoo ,u,opo)KHas aAMIIHI'IcrpauHq He 6u,ra rtpe4ynpexAena He cocraBJleH." noesA Harueft noe3AKe, II orAe,'lbHblft Vxe rorAa 6Hno ga [oJIHoqb, q 3auHTepecoBarcfl' 3aqeM B 3aJIe cHAffT cecrpbl H AoKTop. Orasusaetcg' rITo Kro-

ro nosa6oruJlct npHKoMaHAHpoBarb LIx K Ae.[eraunll (<Ha ncsrsft c.nyuafi>>. f npeA.noxHJl HeMeAJIeHHo ornycrl'Irb Hx' qro yKa3aB PaxoecxoMy'B npucyrcrBnl{ CralHHa,

oHH npu-

aalor (lanee anropcxaft nponycx - pea,.) fl npeA.iroxnr PaxoscxoMy I{x ornycrllrb sa norHoft HeHa,(o6Hocrtrc. Paxoecxufi a Cra,'ruH co tvtHoil cpa3y corJla' cxJrr{cb. Cranuu roJIbKo KHBHyJI roJloBoit, oH He ln6u.n sanpacHo rparxrb cBoI.I cJIoBa. I(ouuccapbl nonpocnJll{ KaKoe-ro cKpoMHoe Bo3Ha'rpaxAeHHe, a cecrpbl pa3 B IIflTb 6onrure eio. V MeHq AeHef se 6u.ito, H q nouler x PaxoscKoMy. Koraa Cra.nu's ycJIbIxaJI cKo,'tbKo xorflr nonyqurb cecrpbl, ro oH KoporKo 6pocll,r MHe, rrpoll3Hocn c,'loBa c CHJIbHbIM KABKA3CKI,IM AKIIEHTOM.

uro6u ux ceftqac xe apecroBaJIII, HaAo - Cxaxure, qro6u oHH noHsJru c KeM IiMeIor ,u,eJlo. He cpaay yAa.rrocb MHe yroBoplrtr Cta,tltsa ornycrl'ITb cecrep Ha Bce qerbrpe cropoHbr... (Aanee A. Eopuan onnreHepa,'ra feHeparrcbrBaer Apyfux qJreHoB AeJrerauull u,ono rura6a Ceprea H'nauonnqa -OAHHqoea r. 18-21; npr.rcKoHcy"{mos A. A. HeuapoBcKoro H XAaHa flyruxlrHa, npHrJraueHHbrx Mauyu"rrcxilM, Jr. 2l-22 - peA.).6unu flonsouo.rubrMrr Ae.neraraMu, KaK q yxe cKa3an, Cra;ru,u, Paxoecxuii H MaHyu,rr,cxl.rfi. Hecuorpfl Ha ro, qro xilr'rH Bce B oAHoil,I noMeuIeHLIH V eJI,U BMeCTe, q noqTn He BHAeJT Cra.rHua. OH 4epxa,rcfl oq€Hb o6oco6,resHo. BcerAa Morqa,r H Aaxe Ha coBeulaHl.{sx roBopr.{.rr Ma.[o. BUAHo 6u,ro, qro B 6onlruesucrcxofi uepapxnx oH Bbr[Ie PaxoscKofo H MaHyu"lrcxoro. frasubrM ABnrare.rreM tscex gTHx leperoBopos 6Hn Paxoscruli. Ees Heno ABoe ,qpyfHx 6u;rn 6u cooepuesso decuoMorrrHbl. V uero 6lr,r n.nas focyAapcrBeHHoro pa3AeJra Poccllu. Ocyurecrn,reHrre u rupaSorxy rexHHr{ecKHx no,r,po6uocrefi oH rIpeAnor{HTa,.r nepeAaBarb ApyruM. Anq erori qe"trrr lr 6u;r nocr'raH tr{aHyu,'rlcxuft.

Cra"'r htr x(e ilo- B]{A].r uouy 6u"rr Tod'rbxo sa 6rrrcAareleu.

KorAa Paxogcxlrft peuarr uro-uu6yAl, To nperrsrcrBufi AJrfl ocyqecrBJreHris ero peueHr.rq AoJrxHbr 6u.nn 6urr yH[rrroxeHu. Huxaxofi xaJrocrrr B oroM rreJroBeKe ue 6u;ro, rroALI Ar'rq uero 6nnu lpocro [eIuKaMH. B aroira orHorr]e-

r25

HHH oH 6un oqesl rurruqeH A.[q 6orlueeHcrcxofi Bepxyilxn. B Paxogcxortl MeHfl BcefAa nopax(aJro xyrKoe ooeAuHeHHe ouyuleHnfl AelicrnurelbHocrlr H rrpaBlrJrbHofi ou,euxu o6craHoBKH c 6esyucrnom KoMMyHHcrHqecKHx gaMbrcloo. BnpoueM, Moxer 6urr,, uuxaxbro 6esyuclna r.r He 6Hro, a ToJrbKo xo.rro4Htrfr pacqer, HanpaBJreHHuft Ha pas-

pyrrreHne Poccuu peB'oJrrouus neo6xoArllra, urr6u paspyIIrHTb I.IJII.I Bo BcsKoM c"'ryr1ag oc,'ra6nrb Pocc.l.tro, a KorAa peqb KacaJracr po4Hoii enny ldo6pyAxn, ro Heoxr{AaHHo NOffBJIgfiI{Cb KAKIIC-TO TETI,'IbIC HOTKI{:

Manya;lrcxufi 6un rlrnu.rr-u'rir peBor.uounoHep

roprrlaff

roJIoBa. Os xaxercfl r1€r 3a Aecarb Ao peBoJnoquu 6u,'r

npunoBopeH x cueprHofi Ka3Hr{, xoropyrc eMy 3aMenr.rilH Karopnoti, u os 6exaJr 3a fpaHr.i{y. On BcefAa 6Hr mms s 6oit u He paccraBa.rrcr c May3epolr, KJ'raAg eto Hoqbro rroA noAyurKy. Ho s Hervr 6u.nu xaxue'To qefloBeqecKue qyBcrBa. Moxet 6orrr, Aaxe cocrpaAaHae. OH cKopee 6ul noxox Ha gcepa, qeM Ha 6o,rluesHxa, xorfl 6u.n eepuuu MapKcr.rclou. Ho AoKrpHHepoM oH 6r,rr ue oqenr, cr.rJrbnblM, lr c6urs ero c pa,ccyx{AeHi{r 6u,ro se oqeHb rpyAHo. Mauyu.nscxlrri He coMHeBaJrcg, qr.ro npaBJreHl.re 6o.nrffeeuxoa 6y4er rparKOBpeMeHHbrM.

Hac flepepexyr,- HeoAHoKparHo roBopn"r oH MHe,HO -nepeA yxoAoM Mbr 3AopoBo xJ'rorrHerll ABepbro n 6ypxyffM He no3Aopotsr.rrcfl.

Ha raoft Bonproc, noqeMy HaAo.yHfiIrroxarb nepeA <<yxo4Ortl>> 6ypxyeB, oH KaK-To cKa3air: [oroM ,rer.re 6Hr'ro onflTb 3axBarltrb BJIacrb - 9ro6urreM Menbrrre 6yAer 6ypxyee Ha cBere, reM H Boo6lr{e, "[Ytt ure.

.

B KYPCKE (sarraBHe saqepKnyro aBropoM

-

peA,)

B Kypc*" Ha BoK3a,'re K HaM B noe3A qBurcf lloAsofic-

KHft 10, roropstfi 6ur <<xonaaHAyrour.rM>>

Mecrnoro yqacrKa <Qponra> nporrrB <HeMueB n rafiAauaxos>. OH paccKasan HaM KaK eMy rrpxrxr'rocr npu6ernyrb K paccrpenaM, qro6br BoccraHoBrlrb ALIcqHrrnI{Hy B cBoux qacrflx... (.{,anee aBrop paccKasbnBaer o KoHKperHoir noAroroBKe K nepefoBopaM l. 24-26 - pea.).

Kypcx ,lepexnBar HoonpeAeneHHoe BpeMq. Bracrl s ropoAe KoxerrHo 6ura conercKafl, Ho coBerquKrl 6u.nt uecrHbIe, l{ noroMy xHSHb ropoAa eule 'I{3MerIHJIacb orleHb Maro. t{exa BepoqrHo yx€ cyqecrBoBaJra,' Ho ona errle He t26

npfiHflJIacb 3a cHcreMarl'IqecKoe HcKopeHeHHe 6ypxya3Hl H uHreJrJrHreHuHH. 6o.ntrue Bcero HenpI.{flTHocrII AocraBJlflrr.r fopoxaHaM MarpoccKHe oTpqAbr, Ho H oHH He Or{eHb AocaxAaJIH. B ropo,qe HaxoAnnocb Mgoro rIoMeurHKoB' Bce 6u.nu pa3rpoMJleHu. MHe 'npucbexaBIIIHx Ir3 ye3AoB. -s qacrHHx rrJJro,cb 6Hsaru AoMax. O6ri'ruaq xapruna. Pyrarcr 6olrrueBuKoB, )KAyr y Mopt noroAn. ,flolnag ueocBeAoMJreHrHocrr. He 3Halor ,He roJIbKo tITo npoucxoAuT B Ma.nopoccun, Ho Aa)Ke ll s Mocxse. He rollxo 6ypxyasna

r{ ,rroMerrrr{Kn 6ultt HacrpoeHbl IIporH'B 6oriluesHxoB, Ho Aaxe H ceJrbcKHe yqHTeJls. Kar pas Bo BpeMF Halrlero npe6unauuff ts ropoAe npoH,cxoAHJr ry6epncxuii yqnreJlbcKnfi ctesA, cogsaHHbtii xo' HeqHo 6o,lruennxauu. Ha orKpbITHH ocscrl'Isunficfl cBflureHHHK (xaxercr IzIoHnn) npolrsnec peqb o roM, KaK 3eMcrBo ropMo3nr'ro AeJro HapoAH,oro o6paeoeaunfl H B qacrHocru KaK KH. flasen ,Il,o,rropyxoa rl npenrrcrBoBaJl npocBeureunro HapoAa. V,{nre,rq MoJIqaJrH. Ao;rro MoJIqaJIH oHH TaKxe KonAa na rpu6yne noflBnJrcfl Paxoncxufi, Ho HaKoHeu He BbrAepx(aJrn u nocJre rarofi-lo penoarcqnonHofi Qpasu, npon3HeceHHofi c p$KHM aKrIeHToM, co Bcex cropoH flocnbrrrraJrHcb KpHKH: Ornpannqftrecl x ce6e n Pyuuxuro.

-Paxoscxnft He oxHAaJr raKux penr'ruK u o6ogsasrun

KypcKnx HapoAHbrx yuHrereft r(oHrppeBoJrroqlroHepaMr.r 6ucrpo yueJr H3 saJrbl 3aceAauufi... (,[,alee o pocnycxe pel.). crapofi apMHH n. 27-28 - npuruJrocb B Kypcxe -EnepB[de MHe yBnAerb pJnccx[e rracrn xpacuofi apMHH. I(axercn ux Qopranpoea.n floAnoficxafi. 3m 6un yxe ue o6po4 xpacuoft apMntr, a Hacrosilrr{e BoHHcKI{e qacru. OAHHuos l2 HMr.l ocraJrcg .[oBoJIeH...

(Aa.uee xoHSlrrr Melrqy MarpocaMn H geaeraqnefi, oxpaua AeJreraqurr JrarbrrxcKr{Mr{ qacrsMx flo- n. 28-29; e3AKa ,e Kues n. 29-42; noes4xa no VxpanHe n. 4246

pe.q.).

-9ena eu:,e He on.rreJra ,ncrc Poccrlro csoeft cerblo u 4eft-

crBoBaJra oqy[blo, pa,6orat 6u.no He ToJrbKo Bo3]tox,Ho,

Ho Aax(e He oqeHb rpyAno. Llenscru 6unu gangrrJ HraBHuu o6pasora Jrosaeft HeBHHHLTx .ltrcAefi, a JrHr{a, crpeMg-

ilIHecs pa6orarr nporuB 6ortruenuron, pagaegxanu B KOMHCCapCKHX BarOHaX, CHAeJTH Ha BUAHbTX MeCTaX B KO-

Mr.rccapuarax Ir B Kpynuux urra6ax. OAsaro (9exa - pel.)

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134

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HeKOTOpblx nO6'raxex B npoAoBoJlbcrBeHHOM OTHOIII€HEH' Eu.no perueHo pa3peullrl cso6oAl'tHft ee'os npoAoBoJIbcrBHr u Mocray H Apyrlte ropoAa. Ho eror Bonpoc oAnaro 6o.nr-

rueBnKr.r He Aep3HyJrli pa3peuHrb paAllxa'llslttu cnoco6ou.

BeAr Ha aKoH,oMHqecKIlx gaflpeu,enllqx IioKoxr'Iacb Bcfl Hx cncreMa. Paccras o gaceAaHllli CHK IIprlBe,'I MeHtl K MbIc,rllr o Heo6xoAI.IMocrH HeMeA,teiiHoro 6ercrna. (...)

A e aro BpeMfl 6olluenucrcKaq nerrfl 6ucrpo 3arqfl'IBaJracb. B ropo4e xBara,tu ;rr,oAefi HaripaBo u Ha,reeo. EuIe Ao ltoKyttreHut Ha JIeuuHa 6u,rn corHu apecroBaHHux. KoMr.iccapbr, y.BHAaB, qro aHr,rurlaHe MeArtr c IIpoABIi)KeHI'IeM'

Ha I,Of , HeCKO!'rbKO npr.ro60gpu"'r ucl. B u pa 6arblBar'llicb [JIaHbr 3auIIlrbI PCOCP, cocraBJ-tnJlt'tcb KaApbI Kpacuoft Aprrnau. .[,neii uepes Aecflrb [oc,'ie 3aHqrlls ApxaHre.llcxa, KOrAa HA iln]Hl/.lrr yx{e yJletJlacb nepBat naHI.{Ka, ryAa ABIIHyr'rI.r MarpoccKHe orpflAbI.

CrparuH,o craHoBl{,'Ioct e Mocxse. He Hac HLIKTo He

coMHeBaJrcfl, uro 6o,'tb[IeBI.IKI'I o6peueuu. Ko;lsqo BoKpyr Coeercxorl BJIacTLI crqFHBaJIocb, I'l MbI 6lt.nu ynepeHbl, qro 6oaruresuraM H3 Hero He BbIcKor{HTb. Kasanocl, qro ltoAxoAflT cpoKLI, Ho BHyrpI{ 3Toro Ko,'lbII,a 6u"lo npocro crpam-

Ho ocraBartcs,. f, ylKe xopouo 3Ha,'t 6o,rlruesuxoB I.r qyBcrBoBar'r, rITo cyulecrBa qerBeprofo H3Mepeuul co6nparcrca ycrponrb KpoBaByIo cBucrorlJlflcxy. Ho AaJ'teKo He Bce 9ro rroHr.rMaJIIr. Mnorne, oqenb MHorIre MocKnlltllr Bce eilre AyMaJIH, qro cMoryr orcuAerbcfl B cBonx yrr'Iax... Ho ece roilr' KO XAATH.

Vxe rorAa nplr MHe HattaJl co3AaBarbcq ror coeercxnfi c.rryxunuft KJrscc; 6.rraro4apa l(oropoMy 6o.ntneguxtr cy' l:n

rllecrByror 6,onee 12 net. Sortuaq qacrb coBercKux cJryxaulfix orHocrlJracb x 6o.llureeuKaM orpuuareJrbno, KpHTI-rKoBa,rra x ocyxAaJra ux. Pyccr[e KyJrbrypHbre Bepxn rorAa eule 6u;llt no,'rnbr BoeHHofo narpxorngMa. Ho, nolaB Ha c.nyx6y H <ycrpor.rBrrrncb>>, o6H,sarert AoBoJrbHo 6ucrpo MeHgd'Icg r.r HaqrrHaJr olacarbcfl xar 6u se 6u.lo xvxe B

cryr{ae HoBbrx nepeMeH. 3ry ncaxo.noruro MHe npuiunocl

Ha,6,'rroAarb KaK y rrrraTcKnx, TaK r.r y BoeHHbrx. O0ntlapot

leHepanru,oro rura,6a crapaJrr.rcb BblcJryx(Hrbcq B noroHe sa npu6anKaMrr. Xoporuze crapbre cyAeficKne qHHoBHHKu y6exAa,ru ce6r, uro oHH AoJIxHbI cJlyxnrb rrecrHo Hosoft

tsJracrx. Paccyx4eHue 6u.no caMoe npHMHTr.rBHoe: nyque nycrb ocraercr ro, qro ecrb, a ro H groro He 6yaer. flpo_ AoBoJrbcrBeHHbre rroAauxn 4eftcraoBaJlrr AaJreKo He ToJrbKo Ha oAHHX pa6ouux. Croltxo srux clreqos 6buro noroM rrepe6uro 6orluresuxaMlr. EEI'CTBO

3axuroqsuM ceBepHbrM Myx[rrKaM, oco6enuo B TaKLrx 6orarux ye3Aax xax Hnxonrcxuft BonoroAcxoft ry6epnur.r

HJrr.r HeKoropbre y$Abr Bsrcxor? ry6epHnn, 6u.nu cunlHo He no Hyrpy 6orlruesilcrcKrie Meponpr.rflrnfl. Cn.nourl H pflAoM oHu 6pa.rucb sa opyxne H, r.rsion;r.rn 6o.urueBuKoB Ks cBoHx AepeBeHb H Aaxe noJlocreii, ga qro rroToM Han Hr.rMrl npon3BoAnJ'racb >KocroKafl pacflpaBa. Mne ttpprrrlJrocb tto_ 6unart B,o Mrrorux raKr.rx <<sauupeHusrx> AepeB'Hgx. B 6o.nt_

IIIHHCTBC CTYIIACB BOCCTAHHfl BCIbIXI,IBAJII,I BCJIE.IICTBI.IC

cJryxoB...

Hacenesue ceBepHbrx ry6epHr.rfi npn6lusureJrbHo K ce_ Bepy or JtwHHH xeresHoft Aoporu 6rrlo y6exAeHo, rrm B cr{opoM BpeMeHr.r oHo_oKax{eTcq IroA rroKpoBHTeJrbCTBOM I{HocrpaHHbrx goficx. fopoAcxaq HHrerrareHrluq 6osracl roBopHTb O CBOr.tx HaAexAaX, KpecTbff,He COBepIxeHHO H€. cKpbrBaJ'ra cnoefi pa4ocra. pacnpocrpansJrncb caMbre HeBe_

posTHbre cJryxI.I...

!,a n conercKae BoeHHbre BJracrH 6n.nn cooepurenHo ytsepeHbl, r{ro oHH npraAyr. KaxAoe repeABuxeHr.renoA ApiaH_

reJrbcKoM BbI3bIBaJro naHr.rKy s BororAe.

B ceHrx6pe u.nu oxrn6pe coro3HHKlr 3aHxItH KaKvro-ro tepeBHro B ycrbe peKH Baru, enaAarou{efi s ceseoHvro ABr.rHy B_epcrax s 200 or ApxaHreJrbcKa H s 500 oi tio_ -o6pasorr,r JrorAbr. TenerpaQ__xaKu-\4-ro nepefiyra,r n coo6IrIHJr, r{ro 3aHqra Vcm Bo.torAa n 50 nepirai or BonorAu. B,o.uor,oAct<l.re 6oJllruesuKu, He fipoBepr.rB 4axe eroro coo6_

140

rqeglrs, 6ucrpo craJII{ cKJIaAblBarb cBoH noxHTK}I I{ yAHparb n3 ropoAa. B Hexoropux Mecrax KpecrbqHe ornpaBJIflJIIi cBol{x cblHoB Ha ceBep. Mue npnuJlocb Bcrpel{arb raKnx crpaHHH' KoB II Aa)Ke BI.{Aerb Kx npoBoAbl. flo 6o.rruuefi qacrn aro 6sr.nn o$Hqepbl H3 KpecrbnH lutn '6paBble yHrepbl. C xoToMKaMlt 3a rIJIeqaMH qep$ JIec npo6upanHcb oHH 3a corHI.{ Bepcr r 6e,lnu. Aorraa nepeA yxoAoM rJIaBa ceuu 6larocJlaBJrflfl TaKofo crpaHHHKa Ha 4o6poe 4e,ro.

Cxopo K HaM 'BepHeubcq. Hac or sroft c'BoJloqn

ocnoSo,u.nurl.

Bo,rrruesNxu Halpqfr'Ilt 6o,rlurne ycvJlrlfl, qro6u noAaBI{Tb B HaCeJIeHI.IU 3TO HaCTpoeHHe, H B KOHIIe KOHUOB OHI',I ,u,o6n.rNcu cBoero. floqrn rtoBcl,oAy K ceBepy or xelegnofi Aoporu 6st.lto sseAeHo <<ocaAHoe noJloxenue>>, ApyrIlMIl c,'IoBaMIr Bce H xaxAuii 6urn o6tgsneHH BHe 3almHa. Bcqxuft cosercxl.{fi qHH rtoryl{Hr rlpaBo pacnopsxarbcn xHgHbIo H cMeprblo <rpax(AaH>. 9acro sa crenax 6u.nu pacKJIeeHbI npnKa3bI npn6.nnsnreJlbHo raKoro coAepxaHufl .

KonrppeaoJl Iouxo H HbIe B blcr)rrlJleH H s, a lxTalrut fiporuB cosercxoft B,'IacrIt, rpa6exu, paa'6ou I'r roMy noAo6soe raHa Mecre>. pararorcf ' Cn.noruipaccrpe,'IoM pI pqAoM <<roMy noAo6HsItvt>> oxaauea.ncn 6ypxyasHufi BLIA, noAo3pl'ITe,lbHafl BHe[IHocrb, nepenyraHHoe ltMff, crapbre cqerbl.

Muoro 3a 3ry oceHb B ceBepHblx ropoAax H AepeBHqx IIpoJrHJIocr, KpoBLI. EXeAHeeU'O B BOJIOTOACKI',IX, BeJII{KOycTroxcKI.IX lI qrorypoBcKl'lx fa3erax IIeqaraJII'Icb cnHcKH p accrp eJIfl H Ht[x MecrHbI M lI q p e3 BbIq a nKa MI'I. ' B'BolorAe cBupencrBoBa,'I KoMHccap Keapos 3r, roBopr4r'rr.r, qro yx(e rofAa oH 6u"l cyMac[IeAu4g, I ycnanpnie,rr f pocnaa;rx trrta6c-xanuras fexrep 32. B reqeHue Mapra H a'flpeJlfl e BonorAe HaxoAHJII'lcb nocoJlbcrBa colo3Hui 4epxas. MecruHe x(I'IreJIH l'l oco6esuo x(KTeJIbHHITII nepe3HaKoMHJIHcb c qI{HaMI{ flocoJlbcrB. VcrpaHoanuch raHrreBaJrbHbre Beqepa. Bor sa 3rH-To Beqepa e ceura6pe n orra6pe a paccipeluBaltn ltx ivlyxefi u 6parren. BunanJII,IBaJII,( Bcex, Koto roJIbKo Mox<Ho 6HJto o6snHI'ITb B ycrpoficrne 3aroBopoB n 6ncrpo <<JII'IKBI'IAI'IpoBaJII{ ltpecryflHI,IK0B>>, B EonorAe cnficKl'l paccrpe,'IflHHbIx [eqa'Tar'Iucb raxAuft AeHb, Bce )Ke, lno-BHAHMoMy, BoJIoroAcKHe coBerqlIKH yHHqTOX(LIJIH MeHbUe HapoAy, qeM HX coceAH' -Barxe, Ha[pHMep, Aefi'ctsogara Vpa.nlcxas o6lacrB Has qpe3Bb{uaftxa, HMeBIIIafl KaKoerro orHollrenne K eKare' pun6yprcroMy 3JI,oAesHHIo 33. Oua pernuna BErMecrnrb Ha Bsruqax AocaAy cBoero 6ercrsa c Vpa.na. I(ax4yro Houl <<

t4l

paccrperruBa,'rocb l5-20 oqepeAHHx 6ypxyen. Tax npoAoJ)KaJrocb Mecflrla ABa noKa Aaxe 6o.iltIUeBHKH He HaIuJlH

ueo6xo4nnruu pacKaccHpoBarb gry upesnnualixy, nor{TH

cn,'Iorlrb cocTofl B rxylo H3 yf o,'r oBHbIx npecTyn H I.rKoB. B yeeAax AeJro [poucxoAnJro eule npoue. Paccrpe,ruBaJIH ttoA "rrro6sinr [peA,'roroM. Jlnaefi craBnJrr{ K creHKe 3a B3flTKH Kpa,cHoapMeftuau n 3a ro, rrro oHH gru B3nrKr.r He AaBaJrn. 3a yrarixy x,re6a H sa [poAa]Ky ero'no HoBtilM rle.

nau. B rcpoAe Op,rone Bqrcxoft ry6epHnu 6una paccrpensHa yqnreJlbHurla Qpanuyscxoro ssbrKa, raK KaK y Hee 6rr;r Hafi4eH xarcoft-ro crapur? >KypHaJ c Kapr.rKarypaMu Ha -nnarxe JIeHnHa. Ha c.teAyrcunfi AeHb s eior? Hecqacrnofi xoAr{Jra crryrHr.{qa KpacHbrx na.laqeft. B Tortue 6uno DaccrpeJrtHo MHofo yuarenefi, TaK KaK r{oMuccapaMn oxasa-

tr3 pea"rlbHofo yqHr'IHuI,a Atsa yqeHHKa. B o4Hou MoHacrbrpe oKoJro Co,rredqerogcra 6udrrHcb BbIrHa.HHbre KOrAa-TO

d'ra paccrpeJrflHa Bcfl 6parlra, TaK KaK uecruufi KoMHccap BCTIOMHI,IJI, q?O BCe MOHaXH

KoHTppeB0,'rrcquk.

- areHTbt B ropogax 6r,l,ro xyrxo. Hurro He 6u,r yn6peu e csoefi cyAl6e. B 9 .{aoos Ber{epa saMr.rpaJra >rllsnb. Henrss 6uro rloflB_r.Irbcfl Ha yJrr.rqe H 3axer{b c,BeT, He OtrycTr{B 3aHaBec_ xg. Ha oKpaHHe, pa3AaBa;rucb 3aJrnbr. Xzre,rn AVMaJIH

Koro ceroAus. llour.nn :uo6u.[usauuu. Haqa.ruocl xbsequo- c 6ypxyasnu. flepexnara,'rn Bcex Koro ror,rbKo 6H.[o sos_ Irox(Ho oouqepots, K\r[[oB, ropoAcKyro I{HTeJI.rr[reHrIHro.

Llacrl Mo6rl.nr.rgosanuori 6ypxyainw 6ll,ra ornpaBJreHa Ha <<Qpour> pbrrb oKolbr, a Ipyrafl ocraBiteHa Ha rop,oAax r{HcTKH

AJIfl

Ka3apM.

_ KpecrraH _euri B Haqajre oceHu oqeHb rpyAHo 6uno uo_ 6flnHsoearr. Osu He HMe,rH

Hu rrra"reiiurefi b"iorn uar'. He o6paula.nrz BHI{MaHtrfl Ha pacKi]€€HHbre ,,rr.{crKrl, HJIH )I(e rB,Tfliracb, a noroM pac_xoAr.rr'racb rro AoMau. Ho Hs6asu_ Ter'tb He iipKxoAuJI, COBeTCXag BJIaCTb Haqa,[a cTflfHBaTb Koe-KaKHe nolicxa, 14 B HaceJeHHr{ npo.r,r3orrle,[ rrepeJIoM. Craaa,ficqe3arb Bepa B 1nilexuia xo"ur{ Coeercxoft' e,ric_ rH. <<flenpHflreJrb>> cBoHM HeX{eJraHHeM HaCTy[aTb yKpen,

ns"r 6o.noueBlrKoB, co3AaBa"'r npeAcraBJre""" (roaa", iura coBeprueHHo .nOXHOe) O roilr, uro y conercxor'r snacrH ecrb KAKI,IC.?O CHJIbI.

I( rrOr6PrO HSIUCHU,IOCT H OTHOIIICHHE K MO-,

6unusa\uu. llpnsunaeubre Haqa,{H flB.lffTbcfl ua c6opHue NYHKTbI. COECTCXAq B,'IACTb B CO3HAHHI,I HACC.IICHI{fl CTAJA

[peBpaxlaTbcs B B,'racrb rocyAapcrBeHHyro.

So.nruresaxpr cB.o,rvr' Meponpurrrr{fl[au eoeH'oro xaDaKTepa coBeprleHHo npnocTaHoBtr,,ru )Kr.i3Hb B,O BCeM Kpae.

Eu.no sanpeilreHo nepeABrrarbcq Do )Kere3HbrM AoDoraM

rr nepeBo3r.rrb rouapbr 6es oco6oro pa3peuesnr. I-IbesAa t42

6u;tn nycru, oco'6enxo [reAIII[e Ha BocroK ot BolorAu' Ho no *u*oft-to crpauuoft HHepqun ABI.{xeHHe eue ne 6n'ito coKparqeHo. .[lo cauoro Hon6pn Mex(Ay flerporpa4OU -n Bsfrofi KypcupoBaJl cn6npcxuft 3Kcrpecc' uAHaKo- KaK o6uqso 6ubaei, KaK pa3 re JIlIqa' npornB Kmopblx 6bull'I HanpaBJIeHbI BCe 3arlperbl, HaxoAIiJIH BO3MOXHOCTb nepeABHraTbcs...

(Aalee aBrop paccKa3brBaer o nepexoAe ro p' IllexcHe

r Euoosepy - J'I. 85-89- PeA:) .-

Toprooaa peKa, lto xor'opoft 6usa"'Io Kapa'BaH Irler 3a xapaeauoru, yx(e saMllpa.na. Bes4e rlyBcrBoBaracb MeprBtura" pyxa 6b.ntureenxor. Cyaoa- ttoqrll He BI'IAHo' rlycrble [DHcraHH, roJIoAHbIe rcpoAa. I(npn'non u 5e'noosepcx Ha IIIexcHe, Ho )I(I'IByr en. Paccra3bl o paccrper'Iax o", "e H rrorpoMax MoHacrblpeft. To.nlxo naccax(u-pcKlle [apoxoALr crapalorcn coxpaHuti csofi crapufi sl'IA' Kopt'{qr eu1e xoporuo, e xarcrax qucro. flon'crcly rlpoBepKa-A?-1I"9rTi,: Ho BeAb R BalKHbII.{ cosercxuft qI'IHoBHHK B ornycKy' KorAa fl Bo3Bpauarlcn Ha3aA, ro Ha xaroii-roro"llt:.3,T1-Y H3 yqHTeJIeI'I' uecrsglfi KoMLIccap, He ro H3 yHTepoB, He qro yxe Mnoro pacero Ha Aylne neniyrl, Mne ycne,rn

crpe.noe. Oco6esHo cBIlp-e[o oH pacltpaBl'IJIcfl c KI'IpHJIJIoBcrl.rrnr 4yxoBeHcrBoM.'. Kouaccap BalKeH t'{ caMOyBepeH' I'I Huqero He noull-..Konarlicap KoHeI{Ho Hllqero He 3Haer KoMI'Icca-

Maer. ... (.[la,ree aBrop-Bcryrlaer B pa3foBop c poM, rrpeAcran.naercr). On ne cnpaul{BaJI Aax(e AoKyMeHKro ioo.' CronQyxeH I.r qyBcrtsyer rlpncyrcrBlle Koro-ro' x BHtue eno.'Kyau AeBaJIacb ero caMoyBepeHHocrb- ^B€x(yx(e oopaHocrb. On npb6yer npoAo"'Ixarb pa3roBop, Ho MecrHblx y STIlx eule Her MHe. Ko "' Irlaflcb HcK'tnqllTenbHo rITosnacreft yBepeHHocru',Il,ocraroqHo xopolxero oKpllKa' pas'6exaBJIacrI'l cosercxoft 6H ece STII Mecruble Aeqrern Jlllcb HJIH )Ke fioKopHo cAaJII{ CBOIO B',tacrb' "' ""'-inrn." nyr" aotopa Jlex(an uepes Barxy s Korrac-

-

peA.).

.n. 90

B MexAyHapoAHoM BafoHe' flpnesxaAo- tistriu eAeM qa@B H BbIflCHfleM' qTO IIO rOpO-

eM rIIOC,rIe AeBRTH

Beqepa

-[.v Herb3q xoAllrb 6es oco6Hx npo[ycKoB noc"le BocbM]'IB a uiao". flponycxa xe 3rH BblAalorcs He Ha BoKsaJIe' sa Ho-n ueHTpe r\DpoAa, 3Haqllr HX Helb3fl-ylKe Aocrarb' Barxy a llpnesxarcqlre ocraBarbcfl.

BoK3ane 3anpeureHo (yrpeuHero noesAa Her) Ao yrpa KaK cKor AoJIxHbI crosrb gToro Mecre' Croqt [oKopHo Ha ,rryrsx, B orBeAeHHoM Arq Mopocslr1uM Ao)KAeM' Crosr sce oceHHI'IM I.{ yHbIJIo noA nptrexauune c HalIII'lM noe3AOM' 3a I',ICKJIIOqeHHeM Hac ABO*i. A ro BpeMq uofi xounaHboH yxe Kaxercn 6ul npn-

"

143

roBopeH B MOCK,Be K paccrpeJry H o'.bflBJteH BHe 3aKoHa. Borsa,'r [epenoJrHeH cepbIMH uruHeJrsMr.r. Kaxse-ro qacru o'rnpaBJIflIoIIIHecfl nporr.rB Ko,t'{axa 3a. Pacxnq6auHuft peBor'rrouuoHHnfi eug. I,Ix eure HeJrb3s npnHqrb 3a r{acrl.I pery.napHoli apMur{...

fopo4 BbrMep roqHo lto HeMy fiporuJra uynra. Her, aro xy)Ke qyMbr. floecrc4y rryBcrByercr co3HarerrrbHoe paspyIleHHe r{3AaBHO HadlaXeHHOft XUSHI.T. fl Lsa pa3a e3AHJr e Korrac. V xouac,cxoit eerxu vxe n- ceurx6pe 6H,[ soeHublfi su.q. HenoAanery r sana4y n HHKonaescKoM yeaAe HeAaBHo 6lr"ryo noAaB.rreHo KDecrbqHcKoe BoccraHte. Orseyxn aroli xecroqafiureii pacnfanbr Bce BpeMff cd'tbrrrrarcfl B pa3foBopax [accaxupon. Ha4o cKa3arb, qTo rrpocrbre JrroAfi oqeHb rreocropoxHbr B pa3rcBopax.

Kar-ro uori coce4 no e[Ay J'raBoqHHK Haqa"ri qpocrHo py_ rarl 6orlrueBr.rKoB. ... (Aa,ree ottucaHue o6rrcxbe noei_ " Aax - n. 9l-92 - pea.).

Kouac coB,ceM rrycr. Pacxaxusaror Marpocu. fopo4 oxpaHflror d'rarbrrrfi. Crporufi npocMorp nponycr{oB, uo xbro OHA d'IOBflT, .,.

fAe-ro Bepcrax e lb0-200 K ceBepy Sponr. Ho sa

.npuru.locr (n,,rurs _ peA.) Ao Beluxolo Vcrrcra, Hr o4uofi'6apxu, HH oAuofo [apo_ xoAa. Vcrrct raxofi x<e MeprBbrit xat< rl ocraJrbHbre ceBep_ peKe coBeprueHno flycro. Hau

Hbre ropoAa...

(Anrop 4o6pancn Ao C,crbBbrqeroAcKa u HaMepe,Ba,rrcr raM AoxAarbcfl coro3Hr.rxoB, Ho ox[AaHr.rr 6unu Hanpac_ Hbr, r{ nogroMy np[IrrJrocb exarb n llerporpaA, uro6u or_ ryAa r{epe3 @uu,rau4uio 6exarl us irpiHu _ n. g2_

94

-B pea.). llerporpaA

nonaAaJru K KoHuy uoa6pa. Eule rpu ue_ cqlla roMy Ha3aA X(r{3Hb rryBcrBoBar'racb B ceeepHoft cro_ tlnepb yx{e Mep3o,crb 3anycreHrrfl. 3a sro BpeMfl *T.1!,__" JHHoBbeB rD npeBparur ero n x,ra46uu1e, HaceJIeHHoe )KH, BbIMr4 MeprBerIaMH. Ha ,ruqa ,rrefJra Kar{ar_To oco6aq reHr. To,rlxo e CosAenr.{[ a BHAeJT Ha ,rfiuax grlr reHl.r. Ha soft_ He Ha Jrr.rqax o6peueHHsrx ecrb qro_ro cnoxofinoe H Az;lxe cKopee cBerJroe. A s4ect 3ax{HBo norpe6euHne. Kaxas_ro 'floqerr,rv noHypocrb. tr4s nro4eir eH6ur qe"rose.recxnfi Avx. oHH rr,o3BoJlu.nu 6o,rrueBnKal.r raK H3AeBarbcrr HaA co6od. rro3BoJrHJrr{ Mopr{Tb ce6s roloAorr,r? Iloqerray Ha BoK3ad,rax HLr pa3y ue 6r,rnu nepe6urlr [poAoBor,rbcrBeHHbre sacraslr? llouerray roJrbKo MaJreHbKafl KyqKa ,[ur{ 33Hq1s aHrr.rcoBercnoii pa6orori, a ocra.rrbHbre noKopHo xyror MqxHHHHri xne6 n qefo-ro x4yr? He 6,o,rrrruennj* cau-no ce6e. a era r44

ltofl:Hat noKopHocrb Bcex croeB HaceJreHr.rfl 6lua A.'lq rueHq caMbrM Tgxer'IbIM e Cos,u,enl,tu.

floc"reAnufi pa3 B llrlrepe BHAeJT Apyeeli, uepes 8 uecflqeB osu 6u"nn 3aMyqeHbr s l{exa. Cpeau nasuefi HHrI To.['[br oHr.I crorJrr.r npflMo, Ha,nprx(enHo pa6oranH, cnor,ofino cMorpff cMepTH B rd'ra3a. Toquo cBerr'rbre MaflKH cpe4u 6es6pexuoft reunoli uoqu. Ecaru 6u ue 6u.no rrx, 4yruy oxBar[Jro 6u nonsoe u oKoHqareJrbHoe orqagHne. tlexa x TOMy BpeMeHH yxe CrACTeMaTr.t3HpoBa,'ra csoo pa6ory, Ho MbI )KHJIH AOB,o,'tbHo oTKpbITo. Ha4o 6u"to ToporlrTbcfi, a nepexoA Bce He HaJraxlrBailcq. Torrxo qro nepenpaBtrJtH reHepaJra lOAeuuqa 36, Lr Ha grofi nssnn Ha4o 6u.iro noAoxAarb. Peruu,rx,u,eftcrBoBarb caMocrorrer'rbHo. ...

Eu;ro 8 4exa6pr l9l8 roaa. Hac eeru Hor{bro BMecro o6eulausux AByx ceMb qa.coB... Vxe xorAa Haqar.ro cBeTarb, npoBoAHr.rKr.r, trx 6u;lo rpoe ABoe BoeHHbrx r.r MaJrb- lepeceKJrr{ qHK SaflBHJIrr HaM, I{rO Mbr yxe rpaHnqy }r oHH-He nofi4yr AaJlb[Ie, onacaflcb 6url apecroBaHHbrMll QuuHauu.

(Dugcxne coJ'rAarbr noBegr'rr{ Hac Bepcr sa 20 a mta6 norpaHHrrHofo orpsAa. Eue s flerporpa4e HaM roBopHJrr.r, rrro Ha rpaHr.rqe aurnuficxue soficxa. CseAeHHs grn 6unu noJryqeHbr a3 KpacHoro urTa,6a.

Be;lsxo nosroMy 6u,ro sarue yAHB,reHHe ncrperurs oQn-

qepa B noryHeMeuKorl Qopue c JreHroqKofi xe.nesuoro Kpecra. Ero nepauii e,onpoc 6u,r: Sprechen sie Deutsch?

- ror B x<e AeHb Hac AocraBnitlr B Teproxcxufi Kapan-

riru. Bnepnbre 3a Bce nocJreAHee BpeMq Hor{bro y rraeux 6u"n crpaurHufi KorxMap: MHe cHr.rJrocb, r{To rueHq nofi[4ailrr, vr q B t{eKe>>.

I Haqa,ro [o6pono,rnuecxort apMlrfi nor'roxuJra raK Ha3HBaeMafl <<A.nexceegcxaq opnaHu3aI1ltt>, ocHoBaHHaE renepa,'roM M. B. Alexceeeur'a 2(15) uoa6pr 1917 r. s

Hoaouepraccre. B nee Ha npuHuHne ,qo6poeoltuecraa BxoAHJru 6exaguue na ,[,on a,'rn 6opr6sr c 6oatureguxann oQuqepu, roHKepa, cryAeHTbt, rHMHa3?rcrbl u r. E.

25 rcra6pt (7 nnapn) oHa floJ,'ryquna oQuqualsuoe HaHMeHoBaHrre <<,II,o6ponolruecxaa apMrlrr>>,

B KoMaHAoBa-

Hne BcrynuJ'r reHepa"r JI. f. I(opura,roe. B $eapa;re-aupeJre l9l8 r.,{,o6pono,rruecKaq apMr.ra coBepr[r.rJra csofi flepnufi Ky6ancrufi (Jleaanoft) noxoA, Koropufi ue npuHec BoeHHbIx ycnexoB, Ho cnoco6creora;r QoprranpoBaHuro cnrroqerHoro qApa A"rq 6yayuefi 6opr6u c 6oflnuresuxaun na IOre Pocclrrl.

2 .[,erper o HaquoHaru3aurn KpynHbrx aKrlr-roHepHbrx 6asxon 6u;r npuuRr 14(271 rcra6pr 1917 r., a 23 sunapa (5 tpenpa,ra) l9l8 r. 6u"rlr xonQucroBaHbr Karrr{ranH 6Hsurgx qacrHbrx 6auxog.

145

3 flepeesA Coeercroio npaBnrenbcrBa. us^ flerporpa-

aa e Mocxsy npollcxoAnn l0--ll uapra l9t8 r'

4 EPOHCKHR llt. I. (6payn' ll. 14. BapuraBcKlrii)

norucrnfi corruan-AeMoKpar' yqacrnlrr

{1882-1941) -

iin"""p"uriacroft xouQepenql'Iu u u.nen o6pasosaHHoft B. I,I. JIestHHM rpynnbl <[nuuepaa.nrr.cKarl .[eBaR>' Bbl'

crvnHeurefr nport{B flepsofi uapoeofi nofinu; c anpexn l9i7 n. n lleiporpaae, 'uleH 6o,rluesucrcxofi flaprull, 3aMHapKoua Toproratr u npoMblurneHnocle Oxrr6pt

-

HOCTI.I.

s Bucruufr Coaer HapoAsoro xosxficraa 6ur,r o6pa' eonau 2(15) .u,era6pa l9l7 r. Ha ocIIoBe sKoHoMI'IqecKo' ro orAena BUHK KaK ldeurpanbnufi opran pyKoBoAcrBa sroHoMnxofi crpauu. HapxorvnoprnpoM nepeAan e BCHX orpacneBble orAenH 6Her[eno Mnnncrepctna roproBtH H npoMbIIuneHHOcTn.

6 JIAPHH K)pufi (Jlypre Muxan.n 3a,'rsuauoar.ru)

(lSS2-1932)

io asiycra l9l7 r.- vensruenur, 6u;r

qneHoM HcIIoJIKoMa flerpocoaera; B onI'IcbIBaeMoe BpeqJreH BIIIZK, corpyAHI.IK BCHX; Mr PAAEK Kap.rr Eepxrap4orn,r (188$-1939) - 6unnocuuft qnex CAII|, c l9l7 n. B naprltl{ 6olrutenuron, .ne Orrq6pg Ha orBercrBeHHblx nocrax s Cosercxoft Pocpea6ulutuponau); cfir.r; penpeccupoBaH (nnHe -

PAKOBCKI{n Xpncruax feoprneuu (I873-I94I) qreH naprnu 6o.luuesuxos c 1917 r., B onucHBaeMoe BpeMt

(nsrne -

upeAceAarem CHK Vrpauuu; peflpeccupoBan pea6ranrnpoaau);

9uuaxYruoruq l|cranop IYKOBCKUE qrleH PC,IIPII c 1898 r., n l9l7 r.(1871-1921) xasxaqeft IIK -6oauues[KoB, B onFcusaetuoe BpeMfl 3aMHapKoMa Quuaucoo. ? MI,IJIK)THH Bnal,HMrp llarrosrq (1884-1937)

-

qJreH flaprrrn 6oasuegilros c l9l0 r., B onltcblBaeMoe Bpepea6uMff 3aMrrpeA BCHX; penpeccllpoBaH (usIne

;rurupoaau).

-

JIOMOB (Onnoron) feoprxfi Hnnorurosxq qreH IIaprHH 6oJtluesuros c 1903 r.; pe[peccHpoB OrncbrBaeMoe- BpeMfi - 3aMnpeA BCHX; pea6u,rurupoaan). naa, (nune 8 tylt{JlK)KOB llaseil HnxoJraesrq (1859-1943) c 1907 r.-[peAceAare;rr IIK naprltl{ KaAeroB H peAaKra3erbr <Pevr>; Top ee r{euTpanbnoro opraHa CTPyBE llerp Eepnrap4oanr (187G-l9a ) - s 90-e nr.- <<.neraarnufr MapKcr.Icr>, r 190$-1915 rr.(1888-1938)

q,nen IIK KaAeroB.

, MAHyI{JIbCK1|R ,ll,uurpnfi 3axaponx.r qnen naprr.In 6omrueeuros c 1903 r., B OnlrcbrBaeMoe- BpeMfi - 3aMHapKOMIIpOAa. J|OABOICKHE Hxxo;rafi fiasnq (1880-1948) qnen'0PCAPII c 1901 r.; oAHIt r.ts pyxoao,4ure.nefi Ox(1883-1959)

140

rfl6pbcKoro BoccraHuq B fleTporpaAe, B onrrcbrBaeMoe BpeMr

PKKO. -

npeAceAareJlb Bucureft goessofi uHcneKqur.l

llaser .Il,mxrpxennu " AOJIIOPyKOB KHg3b, s l918-1919 fr.- npeAceAare,rlKaAeroB, u.lex HaqnouaJrbgoro qeHrpa; -Ij,Kr. flaprun s 1927 6u;r apecroBan nocJre HeJrefaJrbHoro nepexoAa (1866--_1927)

coBercroft rpann[br H pacc?penqH 6es cyAa.

', OAI{HIIOB Ceprefi Hranosrq (1874-1920) 6Hemafi feuepantHoro rura6a renepa.n-uafiop; c AeKa6. pa 1917 f.- Ha pa3rnrrHrtrx Aor'r)Kuocrrx BoeHHbrx opnaHon Cosercrofi a,racru, B onr.rcbrBaeMoe BpeMfi - crapurufr uscnerrop KaBal'repfiu Bucurefi eoeHHoii ]rHcneKrlun Ha Vrpar.rue.

ta qIOPVIIA A,nexcan4p ,llrrlrrpxenn,r (1870-1928) q,ren PCAPII c 1898 r.; B orrlrcr{BaeMoe BpeMrr

-Hap-

KoMnpoA PC@CP.

(Eponrurefin) JIer

ta 1pQ[(Utr

(1879-1940)

,l|anxgorn.r

B coqrraJr-AeMoKparnqecKoM ABHxeHuH c - napruH 1897 r., qnes 6omuresuros c 1917 f.; B onuHapKoMBoeHMop PC<DCP; e 1929 r. crrBaeMoe BpeMr BbrcJraH ug CCCP, y6xr o Mexcaxe no 3aAaHHro HKBA CCCP.

qUqEPI{H leoprufi Baouresxq (1872-1936) '5 ao l9l8 f. MeHb[reBHK; B onr.rcbrBaeMoe BpeMrr - Hap-

KoMHHner PCOCP.

(E{perrror) Muxarn llasaosrq qJ'reH napruu 6omruegrxoe c 1904 r., BIICilC; s o6B onr.rcbrBaeMoe BpeMr - npeAceAare,rrr craHoBKe MaccoBtix penpeccnfi noKoHqHJ'r c co60ft.

16 TOMCKUn

(1880-1936)

17 HOIl.lH Bxxrop llanroanq (1878-1924) qreH 3aMHaPKoPCAPfl c 1898 f., B oflucbrBaeMoe BpeMq

Ma rpyAa PCOCP.

18 EyXAPI,IH

-

Huxonafi Heanosrq (1888-1938)

qJreH naprrrx 6omruegnxos c 1906 r., B onncuBaeMoe peAaKrop raseru <flpan4a>>; perpeccllpoBaH, Bperufl

- pea6n,'rurnpoBaH). 'e IIOIIOB Tuxon llsaHogrq (1872-1919) - r corluaJr-AeMoKparr.rtlecKoM,(BuxeHr.rlr c 1893 r., c uoq6pq l9l7 f.- KoMr.rccap - ynpar,rrroulufi Mocxoscxofi xoHropofi loc6aHra, c aflpenr l9l8 r.- ynoJ'rHoMoqeHHbtfi (nuHe

CHK PCOCP no coxpaHenno uessocrefi Pecny6.nlrxu, c

rrasHbrfi KoMHccap Hapogaoro 6asra PCOCP. llo -npoucxox<AeHr.uo oH 6u,r cuso,lr cBfiulenHlrKa, B 1896 r. saKoHuH!'r ucropuro-Qu;rororu,{ecxflfi Qary;rnrer Xaprxoacxoro yHuBepcrrrera, pa6ora"r ctarncrnrou. VqacrBoBaJr a Orra6prcxnx 6oqx s Mocrse.

20 Peqr uAer o BbrcrynneHltu tlexoc.rogaqxoro xopuroHr

nyca, cQopruupoBafiHoro H3 BoenHonneHHbrx qexoB H cJrosaros. nocfle Epecrcroro Mnpa Kopnyc 6Hn o6rqs"'ren aaroHounoii sacrbro Qpauqyscxofi apMr.ru lr Haqanacb no,E-

roroBKa K efo ornpaBKe r 3ana4nyro Eapony qepes

117

Aa,rrnnft Bocror. B pesy,trtare xonQ.nnxra c Cosercxult npaBnrenbcrBoM eoficxa xopnyca l2(25) Yat l918 r. nucrynxlN IIporl'tB 6o.nrureauroe, BcKope 6H.1r saxgaqeHEtr 9eaa6i{Hcr, Ilenea, Hoeoudrolaencx, Cuspanr, Onacr, Cauapa, 3,natoycr, KpacnoTorvcx, a B r{Ioue apcx, Bra4unocmr. -

,' HOOOE Ano;rr0 A6pamoox,r (1883-1927) B coufiad'r-,(eMoKparHr{ecKoM ABH)KeHuIi c 90-x rr., B rlaprfis 6onsruegl{KoB c l9l7 r.; B onucHBaeMoe BpeMt [onnpeA PCOCP a leplvrautn.

,, MEHXHHCKUn Bcqecras PyAo,lrSonu,r qrex PCLPII c 1902 n., B oIIHcbIBaeMoe KoHcyn PCOCP s EepauHe. flocBpeMfl reuepa,rruuft - tD. 3. .Il,sepxrHcKoro (1925 r.) re cMeprr{ - upeAceAare.rrr OfflV CCCP. (1874-1934)

23 6EP3I,lH (Eepsuxrur-3reue,ntc) fln Anrosnq qneg PCAPI c 1902 r., B onucblBaeMoe

(1881-1938)

- PCOCP e lUaeftrlapuu; penpecclpoBaH nonnpeA (nune - pea6n.nurupoaan).

BpeMr

-

za Bnrlreabu Il

foreHqor,nepx (1859-1941)

reprrrancrnfi HMneparop u npyccrufi Koponb B 1888-1918 rf., cBepfHyr Hor6prcroft penolrcqaeft. ,5 HATAHCOH Mapx Ax4peemr (1850-1919)

-

oAHH H3 BHAHbrx HapoAHHKoB, oAHH H3 oclrosareneft <3eMJrr{ H BoJrr>), KpyxKa <uafixosqen>; 1905 acep, B

c

r.-

l9l7 r.-,resbrft scep, B l918 r. opraHn3oBan rpynry

<peBonrouHoHHbrx KoMMyHncroB>, 4eftcrnonanruyrc coBMecrHo c 6o.nrueguxauu.

ze 6PACIH Jleonn4 Eopncoarr (1870-1926) - n co(Han-AeMoKparuqecKoM ABU)KeHur{ c 1890 r.; B oflHcbrBaeMoe BpeMr ToproBnrl H [poMHruneHHocTr.r - HaproM BCHX. PCOCP, u,ren flpeau4ryua

,? BOPOBCKHN Baqras Baurasonfiq (1871-1923) B corllan-AeMoKparuqecKoM ABuxeHur.r

l9l7 r. 6u,r no;rnpeAor'r PC<DCP s c 1894 r.; c noa6pn cKaH,u{HaBcKrrx

crpaHax ([IIseuHa, .Ilauun, Hopnerra);

y6nr B Jlosauue 6Hsurnr{ o$nqeporrl-gpo3AoBrleM M. KoH-

paAr.r.

,8 MHPEAX Buarreaeu (1871-1918) c - rpaQ, aflpenq l9l8 r. repnancruft noco.]r B Mocxre; 6 uIo.lts l9l8 r. y6ur .neruru ocepoM fl. f. E;rrcuxunurra.

2s Asr,ruficxurl Aecasr a Apxaure,ucr 6Hl sncaxeH 2 anrycra 1918 r., B eror xe AeHb B ropoAe npolrsorxen

nepeBopor noA pyKoBoAcrBoM Kanr{raHa 2 payra f. E.9anJrHHa H o6pasonauo Bepxoauoe ynpaBneHue Cenepnofi o6racru Bo rJraBe c HapoAHHM corlr{aJlucroM H. B. tlafiKOBCKIIM.

30 KEAPOB Mnxar.r Cepreennu (1878-1941)

q.neu PCIIPI c l90l; B onncbrBaeMoe BpeMr 3aMHapKoMa pea6n.nulro BoeHHbrM aenaM; penpeccupoBan (uune

rHpoBarr).

t48

-

3r C cexrn6pn lglS n. M. C. Keapor 6u.n naqanrsuxom Boessoro orAeJra BI{K, c rHBapr l9lg r.- naqa"{bHEK Oco6oro orAera BIIK. B rrlae-1919 r. on 6u;r

raKxe HasHauen oco6oyno.nHoMoqennbrM BHK s BoaonAe (cM.: Me,rrryuoa C. II. Kpacnurl reppop s Poccau r9r8-1923. M., i990. C. 59-62).

3, IEKKEP Anarorrfi l{auu (1888-1938) 6ua-

- orprrunfr rura6-porMrrcrp uapcrofi apMnrr; KouaH,u,oBan AoM, [oAaBuBruHM auru6oanuteguctcxoe BoccraH]re B fpocaaaae B Htor'r€ l9l8 r.; c aBrycra 1918 n.- KoMaHAynrqufi Bo,ronoAcxlrrra rbrJroBbrM pafionou, gareM soficxarrrr Kor.naccxoro par:ioHa n CeeepHofi ,Il,aunu; penpeccrpoean (uuue pea6u,'rHtnponan).

33 Peqr uAer

o g,roAeiicxolr y6r.rficree HMrreparopa

Hnroraq II u ero ceMbr.r B Exarepun6ypre c 16-ro na 17 urons l9l8 r.

34 KOJIqAK A.rexcau4p Bacu,nrcnuq (1874-1920)

Buqe-aAMupan fiNrneparopcKoro Qr'rora, s l9l7 r. KoMaHgona.n 9epnoMopcKuM Qaororr,r; n ron6pe l9l8 Qenpa.ne 1920 m.- BepxonHuft flpaeure,rr Poccrn -u BepxosflHfi frasHoroil{aH,q,yrcu1Hfl. Paccrpe,rRH no nPtrnoBopy Hpxytcxoro BPK 7 genpa.nr 1920 r.

35 3llHOBbEB (Palousc.rrrcxnfi) fpnnopufi Enceenrr (1883-1936) u,ren PCAPH c l90l r.; B onxcblBae-

Moe BpeMs

npeAceAarenb flerporpa4croro coBera Li

fipeAceAarenb- CHK Corosa KoMMyH Cenepuoft o6nacrn.

OceHrp 1918 r. flerporpaA 6ur't o.(ttfitu us rJIaBHblx qeHrpoB MaccoBoro KpacHoro reppopa.

36 K)AEHfiq Hnxoaafi Hnroraesnq (1862-1933)

-

neHepan or uu$aHrepuu, s l9l7 r. 6rr,'r rraBHoKoMaHAyIoirtHM sofrcrdMn (asrascroro $ponra. floote npuxoaa r sracrn 6o,rsuresurog oKono roAa HaxoAurcq B fler-

porpaae Ha HeJIera,'lbHoM noJloxeHllu, 3areM raftno nepeopraun3a[un.Seaoro ABfixeHHfl Ha ceBepo-3araAe Pocctrlt. B tlloue l9l9 r' 6u;I sa-

iex- QuHcryro rpaHnuy rlt

3HaqeH Ko,rqarou fr!aBHoKoMaIIAyloqlrM BceMI{ pyccKI-Irax soficrail{u Ha Cenepo-3anaAHoM tppoHre. Vnrep e err,Iurpaunu.

)Ai,s goKyMeHroB

6enorBopfleficrofi KOHrppo3BeAKll

l9l9 F. ily6anxyemuft Htrxe AoKyMeHr He xyAoxecrBeHHoe npon3BeAeH[e n He MeMyapH. 9ro - oQnqxa.rruuufi orqer HaqarbHnKa Xapr,xorcxoro qeHTpa PaeseAblsareJrbHoro orAereHHc IIIra6a fnannoxoruaHAyKlqero BoopyxenHuuu Cn.irauu IOra Poccnu. O4naxo qnraercfl eror, Ka3aJrocr 6u, KaHqenqpcKnfi 4oryueHr, KaK Hacrogutnfi AereKrHB.

Anrop orqera, noJTKoBHHK ,ll,nnry6cxnfi, eqe B Hartare l918 r. pyKoBoAHJt no4noarHoii oQnqepcxofi opraHn3aqnefi n XaprKoBe, 3areM Bo3rJtaBHJr orpqA oQnqepor, npo6unruHficc B Mapre l9l8 r. x .llo6pono"nrqecxofi apmnu. Ilo saAaHr.rn KoHrppa3BeAKn oH qepe3 roA 6ua ornpaBJreH B ExarepunocraB, a HecKonbKo npeAaHHbtx eMy noAqnHenXaprxou, AJlq opraHxsaqnn pa3BeAbrBarerbnoro - aOqenr qenTpa. cxopo,6;laro4apa cBoHM JrHqHbrM KaqecrBaM H KOMneTeHTHOCTr.t, a TaXX(e CTapHM CBS3CM C COBeTCKHMII Hbrx

BOeHCnerlaMH. off Aocr[r BecbMa oTBeTCTBeHHHX nOCTOB B

KpacHofi Apunn N He 6es ycnexa BJrHflJr B HyxHoM 4lr 6eJrbrx HanpaBJreHnr{ Ha Aericrsnc 6ortuesrcrcKoro pyKoBoAcrBa Ha VxpanHe. On conepuraJr HHcneKqHoHHbIe noegAxtl n OAeccxxfi oKpyr r r Kpum, codrpan cBeAeHHc ceKperHoro xapaKrepa, a c KoHqa anpenc l9l9 n. Bo3rJraBnJr Xaplxoncxnft pa3BeAqeHrp.

B orqere np[BoAcrce nHrepecHefiu[e cBeAeHiq o 6e.no-

nnap4ef,cxoM noAnoJtbe Ha Vxpar{He, o HeKoropbtx coBercKr{x pyt(oBoAHreIflx, oKa3aB[rrfxcc noA BJ|ncHHeM areHTOB KoHrppa3Be4xn. Oco6ufi unrepec npeAcraBnser onrfcanne noAroToBKr.r H npoBeAeHltfl aBaHTnpncTnqecKoro no cyTrf HaIlpe,qrclonxe, noAroroBKa rexcra H xomnenrapnfi B. f. 6oprHeBCKOTO.

r50

crynneflI{fl Kpacnbrx Ha PyMbtHI{ro Anfi nogepxKn ConercrOfi Benrpxfi tr npoBeAeHnfl B x(rrsnb r{AeH MrrpoBofi peno{fttqrt]r. Vneno urpac Ha ocJrenreHnocr[ 6orrurenncrcKux soxAefi [epcneKr[Bofi ycranorreHHc BJracr[ nponerapHara Bo BceM M[pe, ncnoJb3yc r{x A[JIeIaHTH3M B o6aacrn soenHOIO HCKyCCTBa, a raKxe CJrOX(HHe OTHOTXeHHC MeX(Ay OTAe{bHbrMH Qynrqnonepauu uonofi BJracrH, rll,anry6cxnfi nceMl{- cnnaMr{ crapancc secHofi l9l9 n. oc,na6urr HarilcK coB€rcK]rx soficx Ha HeMHoroqHcneHHHe cnau Ao6poBoJIb: qecxofi apMlrn n Aoneqrou 6accefine. 1l ero, B KoHeqHoM cqere, emy yAanocu. Hecounennufi nnrepec BHgoBer raKxe ocBerqefll|e B oTqere opraHl{3aql{fi AeereJlbHocrn xapbKoBcKr{x noAnoJrbu{r{KoB nonbtrKH npoBeAeHuq BoccTaHHc B ropoAe HaKaHyHe [oAxoAa K HeMy 6elux.

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xuBrrrrrx 4on. Orcrpe.lnBaflcb, R 6exa;1, npuqel\! npfirrrJlocb BbrrrpbrfHyrb B oKHo rrorlTlr c 3-ro 3ra)Ka. B ror x{e AeHb s 6u,'r BbIBBaH no npfMoMy npoBoAy tso,'rbHoonpeA,e"'rflrctrrHMcrl IIopuHrorrl, coo6ulltsurtlM MHe" .rro 29 rnlas apecroBaH n Xaprxone lopyquK fiaueunc, xnetunii B noc,IreAHee BpeMfl no4 QauH.rl'Iefi Jlocesa, u N,ios cecrpa, rrTo rror'ro)KeHI,Ie opfaHH3aIIIln xpafiue Tt)Ke,rloe il qro Heo6xoAiru rvroft npue3A. Orserue eMy lto 3apaHee nupa6oraHoMy KoAy, qro co BceMH paclopqxeH[sMn t lrpI'lrrr,'rrc npalioprru4Ka Pu6axa, g orrIpaBI4JI ero c o!tepeAHbrM AoHeceHr{eM r ExarepnuoAap qepe3 Xaprxon, cxaSaB HatIa,'IbHlIKy pasBeAbIBaTed'lbHOlO OTAer'IeHttn rOa. flpo3opoBy, rrro ornpaBJrrro efo so 2-rc Vxpaancryrc Conercryn apMuro, H nalt eil.{y oAHofo HeMrra H oAHofo xurafiqa ue r.rHTepHaqr.roH a JrbHoro no,'r Ka npoBox<aTbrr\{fi c np HKa3a HIle M rie or,DaBaru ero floxy u [ux,rncy, ec.{r{ [oc!'TeAHLIMI-I 65',r"vr cH'oBa cAeJraHbr rrorrbr.rKH ero apecra. l-ro nrcHs n 10 c no.noeuHoii qacoB Beqepa fl noJIytIi'IJI Bbr3oB K riprMoMy npoBoAy or flopuura, ltpuqe]r ttoca'r€.i(Huft coo6urirr'r MHe, rrro npn apecre uoeii cecrpu 6H.na sgsTbI Mol.I tpororpaQuqecKue KaprorIKl.t, rITo Moe A,e,'Io y)Ke 3aKoHqeHo, .v16 s l(ues Bbrexa"rr ton. IJ,ux.nuc AJrfl AoKraAa

AHr,oHoay I.I A,'rfl npou3BoAcrBa Moero apecra u rrro MoH SororpaQuqecKr.re KaproqK[ saKa3aHbr B cra gK3eMrulflpax

Ha c,ryuafi paccbr.xKr.r no KoMeHAaHTaM xeJle3HoAopo)KHbrx crauquri. lloes4, c KoropbrM exa.n l{nr,rsc, Ao,rxeg 6nut npH6uru s Kuee e 12 qacog Hoqa. llpuroroeHn ce6e n nopyqnKy CxpunnuroBy AoKyMeHrbr, no KoTopbrM Mbr KoMaHAI.rpoBaJrricb c ceKperHbrM flopyqeHHeM orreparuBHorro xapaKrepa n r. XaprxoB H cr. JlosoByIo, MbI no4 QaruH.rrusMti PaAseBHqa u Cepe6pxxoBa, a noroM nepeMeHr.rB Hx e llorraBe Ha Euproroea rr Coxo"rona, npn6u.nn e Xaprros 2-ro HroHs, 6"narononyuHo Mr.{HoBaB

Aonparur.rBaBrrrHx o rIeJrH Harlero IIpI,Ie3Aa KoMi{ccapoB JIrc6oruscr<ofi xop4oHHor? crpaxu.

BnHgy HeBo3i\,roxHocrn npe6unauut n XaprKoBe Ha

KBapTHpaX, TaK KaK I{eTbIpHaAqaTb KBapTHp, II}vIeBIIIHxCfl B pacropsxennN I{eHrpa, 6u.nn pacKpbrrbr 6oruuesuraMu u Ha Ka)KAoft irs HHx yxe cHAeJrH KapayJniBrxue Ka)KAoro npnxoAsrqero qacoBbre, q peur.rJr co3Aarb ue6onnuofi oneparueuufi rura6 lrs nopyquKa Cxpunnnxona, nrra6c-Karru162

Tarra qeri)-prrria, rrtra6c-xanHraHa Xlre,regcroto H Bo.rIbHoonpeAe./rffroilrefocfl flopuHra r{, iroMecruBrrrl{cb B oAHofi I{g

opaHxepeii xapbKoBcKi.rx caAoBoAoB, orryAa pyKoBoArln Aa,rlseirurert pa6orofr l{eHrpa, HarpaBJreHHoft Ha paspa6orxy nJraHa rr rroAroroBKy 3axBara ropoAa BHyrpeHHI{M BOOpylKeHHbi M BblcryrrJreHHeM.

B sror nepuoA xpacxufi reppop AocrI,Ir anoreq. Ha ynnUAI JIOBI{J'IH HI'I B qCN{ HC II.OBHHHbIX NPOXOX<HX II TOJIbKO Irerioropbrx AoBoAr.r,'rn Ao qp$BblqaeK, 6o.nsuuHcTBo xe paccrpei'rrrBaJrocb Ha r\{ecre. flonasu]I,Ie xe n 9pesnuuafixy noABepfalHcb )KecToKHM [bITKaM C I{eJIbtO BbI[bITaTb CBeAeHr{s o Xaprroecxofi flo6pono;rrqecroft opranr.reaqr{H, He qyBcrBoBarl pa6ory xoropoii oHH He MorJrr,r. t{ro xacaercfl [opyqr.rKa .Ilanesnca, ro eMy 6olro npe4rfln.leHo o6gtrHeHne B ToM, r{To oH cocrofld'I areurom .[,o6ponorsuecxofi opraHu3ar{n[ n Xaplxone I{ BbrloJrHffJI Bce flopyqeHr.rfl srofo ueHrpa.

Moeii cecrpe, ,[,nnry6crofi 6u.nu rpeAbsBJreHbr cneAyro-

qtle o6suneur.rs: L Ee 6par [oJrKoBHuK ,[,oury6crufr s,sns,-

ercfl HatraJTbHHKoM Xaprxoocxoro .[,o6ponoJrbqecKoro nyHKra. 2. Ee xeaprnpa cJryxlr,ra MecroM c6opa ttpuesxanurux ornpaB,'rflForqfixcs Ha Aou oQuqepoo, Koropbrx oHa cna6xaaa rroAJroxnbrMr.r [ac[oprarran. 3. Iloqrosnft rulnK Ns 334, ganr.rcaHHbrii Ha ee I{Mfl, cJryxi{Jr ycJroBnbrM aApeca-

rona oQnqepcrofi opraur{3aqlrw. 4. B ee pacflopsxeHnr{ HaxoAr{Jracb runorpaQur, e roropoft [errara,rncb .[,o6pooo;rrIIECKHC BOS3BAHIif.

.Il,onpocu ee lt fiopyrrfiKa Jlanesuca conpoBox{AaJrlrcb

sg6neHngun, npur{eM BBHAy noJlnoro orpuqaHr.rff Br.rHbI no-

pyqIIKy Jlaneuncy 3aroHsJu{ ttoA Horrn rBosAr.r H BbrpbrBa-

nu sy6u, ee )Ke HecKoJrbKo pas BbrBoAHJrfi Ha paccrpe,'r.

flpuueu coJrAaraM r{pesnr,ruafixn 6u.n orAaH npriKa3 sapxAlrrb BHHToBKH Ha qerbrpe rrarpoHa, yroltrlB ece no4 ey6 oTceqKn oTpaxareJrg, Bc,'reAcTBr.re qero npr.r 3aJI[e BbrcTpeJIoB He noJlyrlaJrocb. Coclaanucb Ha ocer{Kl,r, KoMeHAaHT I]K me. CyAaroe, o6uquo apoAeJrbrBannuri ery rpoqeAypy, oTK,'IaAbIBaJr paccTpe,'r Ao cJreAyroulero LHfl. B Aenr rroAroroBKri Bbrcry[r'Ieulin 6amu cAe,ltaHbl cJIeAyloqlte Mepbr. B nepayr.o oqepeAb s o6reAusrEJr Bce opfaHn3arltllr anru6o,rnueBucrcKoro xapaKrepa. Taxonux opraHHsarlllii Hacqrrrbr'BaJrocb Ao AecflTr{ Kpor{e HecKo.rrbKI{x oQltuepcxux, rpy[[]rpoBaBrrruxcs no pafiouau, H3 Koropbrx cauoft xpynHoft 6una oprauwsar\ufr. ropyqr.rKa Ky.nuxona, 3aHEMaBUraqCg [peLIMyrqecTBeHHo nerraTaHHeM rrpoK.rraMa-

qufi n Hx pacnpocrpaHeHr{eM. llocre apecra nopyunxa Ky!'nIKoBa, norraBruerocn Ha Cyucxoft y"uuqe npa pas6pocxe 163

npoK,'raMarlHi4, }ra rpynna aKrl{BHoli pa6orbl B ueHrpe NOIITN HC NPI.IHI{MA,']A.

Kpoue grax opraHusaunfi, e Xapt'rone 6ula eule cryAeHqecKafl rpyltfla rIoA l{oMaH4oii cry4enra fluuxeproua, 3AHI{MABIIIA'Cq NPCI]MYXIECTBEHHO NCIIATAHHCM HA IIIANHporpaQe nossnaHltt?, npox.nauaqnft u [pIrKa3oB l{eurpa.

Pa6ora rofi rpynnu cI{JIbHo ropMo3l{Jlacb orcyrcrBl{eM B MoeM pacnopflx{eHna AeHef, qro craBHJIo I'IHorAa IJ,enrp -n 6egsHxoAuoe no.noxesue. Co6parb xe AeHbrn nyreu o6pauleHHfl K MecrHbIM KaTII.ITaJILICTaM He npeAcTaBJIgJIOCb Bo3Mox<HbIM, orrlacrll llg-ga 6oggnu.

Cpe4r.r MHJrltuLIoHepoB r. Xaplrona raK>xe cyuecrBoBaJra opraHll3alrufl, HacqHTbIBaBIIlar Ao 260 qeroeeK, Ho

6,raro4apx aHTIiceMHTcKoMy Hacrpolo MIiJIxquoHepoB, rrpn BblcryrrJreHH!I oHLI HaBepHsKa yBJIeKd'IHcb 6u eepeftcxutr't [orpoMoM, rITo fpo3uro KpoMe cro"'IKHoBeHIlft c xoporuo Boopyx(eHHultu enpeilcKl{MI.I Apy)KI'IHaMI'I o6leAIaueHIleu r.IHre,'rJrHreHuI,Ill ltpor]IB [eHrp a.

r{ro xacaercff HacrpoeHnr pa6or{Hx Macc, To 3aBoAbI Me,rurose u Bceo6uag KoMnaHI'Iq sreKTpnqecrsa 6rtru ga Conercxyro BJIacrb TJIaBHbIM o6pasou 6raroAapr npllcyrcrBI{Io 6orlurono Kor'IuqecrBa ,taruureft, ocra,'IbHble xe 6uJIH Hacrpoenbl flBHo aHTxcoBercxu, n oco6eHHocrl'I fell$epux-Ca4e Il IlaponosocrpoxTeJlbHltii sasoA, orrasasullfics uo6unusoBarbcs I.I He AaBIxzfi ronopnt Tpouxouy no BpeMfl ero Bbrcryn"teHHq Ha SToM SaBOAe Ha MI',ITI'IHre. Cpealr pa6ouux llaponoeocrpot.IreJlbHoro 3aBoAa HMeJIacb cBofl opraHvsatfirfl. ttoA pyKoBoAcrBoM Ha"rueafixo, 6Hnulero qJreHa Coroea pyccKofo HapoAa, HacqI'ITL'IBaIoqafl Ao 350 qerosex.

Bce srn rpyr[bl 6u.nu o6reALIHeHbI MHoIo. Or raxAoft I,I3 HI'IX B MOCM PACIIOPflX(CHI'II,I I'IMCJIC'I OAI,IH I{CTOBCK AJIfl cBg3r.r, 11M nepeAaBaJIHcb rIocJIeAHIle HoBocrll c Qpoura.

Bcerc B cJryqae BbIcrylJIeHI{fl MoxHo 6ulo paccul'ITblBarb na 2800 BoopyxeHHblx r{eJIoBeK. Kportre toro, utra6c-KanuraH DeAuufi, nocrynueurufi Ha coBercKyto c.rIyx6y, o6eqan Aarb Ao 30 'Ierosex Hs oco5oro orpflAa, KoropblM oH KoMaHAoBa,'I u xoropuft HaxoAl{,'Icfl nocr'IeAHee BpeMfl noA Mepetpofi. flpn arou ou o6eulan ,qarl 50 xaea.nepnftcxux nyJreMeroB cacreMbl llloura u ao 1000 BI.IHroBoK. tlepes ABa AHfl npe6usauus, nra6a B opaH)Kepee 6uno pacKpbrro 6onrrueeuraMn, ycrpol{BITIltMH o6.rlaey Bo BpeMfl 3aceAaHnrr rura6a. flocle KoporKolo croJIKHoBeHnn, y6uv H paHHB r{erbrpex 6o,rrueguKoB, MbI 6ee norepr yrunu, 6poCI'IB HecKO,'lbKO KapT I{ He HMeIOXIIIX SHatIeHIlIfl AOKyMeHTOB. lloc.ne eroro ruta6 6ul nepeHeceu Ha xyrop o 7-uu aep164

crax or ropoAa. C.nexxa 6olrueguxoB, ilor{yBcrBoBaB[rlrx B Hac rJraBHofo Bpafa, 6u;ra Hacr,oJlbKo xopoua, qro rrepe3 AeHb Ha xyTop 3alrreJr xaxoft-to rl,Irr, saloAospeuuufi HaMH B cr're)KKe. llpn 4onpoce oH BbrHyx4eu 6un co3Harbcq H Aaxe [oKa3a,]r yAocroBepeuue tI.K. lloc,le ero /'rr.rKBuAauE4 HaM yAaJrocl noftuars B Jrecy eue AByx Sn,repon ss QK H raKxe wx JiHKBLtArrpoBarb. t{epes qac Ha xyrope nogBHJII.ICb eIUe rreTblpe Tr{[a, npl 3aBfl3anureficn nepecrpeJrKe ABa r.r3 unx 6u"nz y6uru, oAHH paHeH, a oAHH y6exa;r. Bc.ne4 sa Hr{Mr,r nosBr{Jrocb eule oKoJro 50 ecaaHu-

KoB, HaqaBrurax o6crpeJr xyropa Hg nyJreMeros. Mn orse-

ua.rlu pyx<efiHurr,r orHeM. Ber.r4y Ma,'roqr.rcJreHHocTH (Hac 6H,ro scero ceul ue.nosex) Mbr pelulrJrn ocraBl{Tb xyrop. flpo6noaacb r{epe3 Jrec, BoJrbHoo[peAeJrflrourufics MaKapoB 6r,r.n paHen B Hory, u, ue 6yAyur.r B cocrosHlrr4 r41rv, npoAor'r)KaJI rrprrKpbIBaTb HaIIIe OTCTynr']eHUe, OTCTpe"rri{-

Baflcb r.r3 BrzHroBKu. Ey4yun oKpyxeH 6o,rtruesuraMr.r, oH xoreJr 3acrpe,rr.rrbcff, Ho B MoMeHT BblcrpeJra pyxefinax nyJrfl nonaJra n 6apa6aH HaraHa, JrerKo paHHB ero B rpyAb rr 3arHaB necs 6apa6aH eMy s 6e4po. On 6un yneseH 6o,rlrrreBuKaMra H noJroxeH noA crpaxeft e rropeuHyrc 6o.rrlHilIIY.

Tor? xe Hoqbro 6o,rlruesuxr npor.r3BeJru o6naey, oIIerrHB Becb ,'rec c xyropoM, Ho Mbr yx(e noKr.rHyJrH xyTop r.r B ry )Ke Horlb B xor[qecrse 12 qeJIoBeK npoIi3BeJII{ HalaAeHr]e Ha rropeMuyro 6oJrbHauy, y6HB qacoBbrx H yBe3r BoJrbHoonpeAeJrsloqerocr Maxapona. He nues BogMorr(Hocra ,'rer{rrTb efo Ha AoMy r.r3-3a nocTotHHbIX O6bIcKoB, MbI IrHCqeHIIpoBaJTH HalaAeHr{e Ha oAr.rH r.rg AoMoB Cyrracxor? y"lnqrr rr ocraBr.rJra efo Ha yJrr,rqe, npnrleM cropoxa 4onxHu 6u,rn

IloKa3arb, qro oH paHeH xax cly.rafiuuft npoxoxzft. On 6H,r oreesen e ArercaHApoBcKyro 6o,uunqy, rAe nprlBarAoueHr Kpanqon, npeAynpe)KAeuuufi HaMu, cKpbrr'r efo AoBo,'rbHo xapaKrepHbre paHeHufl. flpn uaneM 6ercree 6Hr y6ur urra6c-KarrnraH Bpy6neecrnfi, a ero 6par, nopyuur Bpy6"teocrufi cxsaqeH 6o,rluresnxawn H B Tor xe /teHb paccrpeJrsH tlpeseuuafiroft. IIIra6 Xaprx,oncxoro rrenrpa 6H,r cHoea flepeHeceH, Ha gTor pa3 B oALrH I{g cx!,rerroB ropoAcKoro x,ra46uu1a. [eHr noopyxeuHoro Bbrcry[JreHr,rn npn6nnxaJrcr c noAxoAoM qacreft .[,o6poeo.nrqecxoft apMnfl x ropo4y. ,[l,.nn cBfl,sn c HHMH rvrHOr,o 6u;m nocJraHbr npanoprrlHK Bfy6.nen_ ct<ufi n roHKep Cxpnnunxon.

3qjryaqan 6onluresnron ue XaplKoBa urJra noJrHbrM xo4ou. 9saryupoBaJrr.rcb BceBosMoxuue ura6u, ynpaBJreHHfl, cKJraAbr, yegxaJru KoMMyHucrbI I{ Hx ceMbu c 6o;lrurnn xo_ 165

JrrrqecrBoM 6araxa. Boxga.il 6ttn sa6ur ye3xaloqnMu, Ha ttyrtrx roJInItJrtlcb rblcqqH 6onlruesllxoB, crpeMfiulnXcg

ocraBrrrb ropoA. Mnoro 6nra HasHaqeHa rpynna reppopucToB c qeJrbro BocnpenflTcrBoBarb ulaHoMepHoft anaxya{uil 6o;rruresuxoe.

flepouft x(e B3pbIB l0-rn QynroBoro nHpoKcLIJIHHoBoro sapfl,p.a, c6p,oureuHoro c nepexoAnoro MocrLIKa, rIpoH3Be,'I

crparrruyro ttaHnKy Ha BoK3aJIe. PasAarl,Icb KpI'IKH <KasaKu!>>, no4nffJracb 6ecnopn4ouuan pyxefiHafi crpefib6a, e pe3yJrbrare xoropofi 6uno secro,lrbKo paueublx n y6nrux,

IITO BbI3BAJIO IIPUOCTAHOBKY gKBAKYAUHI,I NOqTI,I HA qAC AO HacrynJreHr.rq rtorHofo ycnoKoeHIiq. Taxux BapHaHToB 14 Heo)KlrAaHHux o6crperoe gBaKyllpynuruxcs KoMMyHHcroB 6H,'ro s pa3Hbrx Mecrax rop,oAa Ao 20, [puqeM c Haureft cropoHbI, 6;rano,qapa crpaIuHoft rIaHHKe, noAHnrraaerueftcq

raxAul:r pag, norepb ne 6u.tto. flpn anaryarrurr KoMeHAaHrclroro ynpaBJIeHHfl 6o.nrureBlrKaMr.r 6amu safiAeHH qerblpe 3HaMeH[ 69-ro nexornoro Psgascxoro noJrKa, B KoropoM q cryxlui nocJleAnee BpeMfl H Koropbre 6urn cnpnranbr MHoI,o Ha r{epAaKe KoMeHAaHrcKolo ynpaBJreHllff. flo uoeuy ttpnKagaHlito gTH 3HaMeHa 6rr.rln nox[ureHbr cuoBa rura6c-xanuraHoM flucagxo n nepenpsraHbr Ha qepAaKe Boponuoncxplx Ka3apM. B Hacroq-

uee BpeMs srl{ 3HaMeHa flpu [pue3Ae n Xapsxon flaesoKoManAyroruero BoopyxeHHbIMI.I Cnlaluu Ha IOre PoccnN re-

Hepa.{a !,eHaxuua 6ura nepeAaubl eMy LI B ero noesAe npi.r6ulu e ErarepuHo4ap.

Bna4y HerrocpeAcreeHHoft 6;rttgocrn qacreii .Il,o6pono.nlqecxoft apMHK BoopyxeHHoe Bblcryrlr'Ienlte MH,oIo 6u.no HasHaqeHo sa 9 Hrcus. C erofi ue,rblo usoto 6u.no [pLIKasaHo urra6c-xanuraHy 6e.roMy orKpbrrr SpoHr yBoAoM cBoero orpflAa c MepeQnnncKoro HanpaBJreHlla n XaprxoB, Boopj,rx{eHl.{e orpflAa AoJrxHo 6u,ro 6nrr [epeAaHo B Moe pacflopfl)r(euue. 3ro npr{KagaHue uru 6u;ro BbrrroJrHeno, npI.IrieM rro Aopore ero orpqAou 6uno ycrpoeHo [ofo,'IoBHoe Hs6ueuue Bcex BcrpeqHbrx eBpeeB H KoMMyHLIcroB, lIeM ero orpflA He3aMerHbrM o6pasorr.r 3aHI{MaJrcs u paHee. Kpovre Toro, oH paclpocrpaurrr'r cpeArr qacreii coceAseft c HHM Eanrrupcxofi AnsHsrau Becrb o npI4KaBe nepe6pocxu AIiBH3rur B Jlro6orus. O4uoopeueHHo c grlrM I-{eHrporu 6uno noc,qaHo noAr'ro>KHoe npuKa3aHlle Earuxupcxorl Atlsaslrtl o nepe6pocxe ee co craHunu MepeQa sa ,Ilrc6oruu. llepepue cBq3r.r 6naro4apn nopqe rereQouunx npoBoAoB orxoAf,rqr.rNr orpffAou EeAHoro He Aa.;r Bo3Mox<Hocrr Eaurxnpcroft

AHBH3WH IrpOBepHTb nOAJTHHT{OCrb npHKa3a, BC"'reACTBHe qe-

ro Ar.{Brigr{g [epe[rr'ia s .Ilrc6orriH. 166

B .o6utux qeprax [,{aH 3axBara ropoAa cBoAltilcs K

c,'reAylouleMy. Co6panuiucb B uaropnoft qacrn ropoAa' B

napr(e, s CoronrnlrKax w Ha ropoAcKotvl r.laA6uue, Bce

Boopyx(eHHbre qJIeHbI opraHI'I3auIiH, KpoMe pa6oullx flapo-

BosocrpollTeJlbnoro 3aBoAa, co6nparcunxcfi Ha saBoAe, c paccBeroM 9 tzrcun HarlaAalor [ocJIeAoBareJIbHo Ha IIH]KeHepHble KagapMbl, rAe KoMaHAHHft cocras 6un yxe npe-

AynpexAeH HaMu, noroM na l{pesnuuaftHyto KoMIlcc}lto (Cyncxan, 82) H AoM Ha yJIHIre r{aftxoscKoro, tAe Haxo.[,I4.rIHcb Bce gaJloxHI{KII, l.l, oceo6oAI'IB I'lx, ltpo.l{o;-I)KaIor r.Brl)KeHHe e rny6r ropoAa AByMs KoJIoHIIaMH. Jleeas xor.-roHHa, gaHqB TexHo.[orlat{ecxnfi I]Hcr}ITyr l'{ BbIcorbl }laA peroft Xaprxos, o6ecne.I[saer nepe[paBbl qepeg peKy A/'Ifl orxoAa E3 rcpoAa B cJlyqae HeyAaqH B BocroI{HoM HanpaBJeHrrH AJrq BbIxoAa x Bo,rqaucKoMy rpaKry, tto KoropoMy 4o6pononluecKlle qacrw 6:st,nn y>xe B B-lttl nepcrax or ropona. llpaeafl KoJIoHHa, ABufascb BHyrpb ropoAa' AoxoAI.lT Ao cflHqutln pex Xaprxos t.l JIonaHb I'I yKpenJtrerctt B I].eHrpa.uruoii qacrtl fopoAa, ycraHoBI{B [porl4B MocroB nyr'lelvrerbr. flpu noAxoa-e x X-aprKoBcKoMy Mocry pa6ouue fla.poBo3ocrpoHTeJIbHofo 3aBoAa Bblcrynanr a 3axaplxoscxoii qacru ropoAa npn [,oAAepxKe rpyrnn, Aeftcrsyrculeit lla TexnororuqecKoro liHcrl{Tyra. 3arpenun sa co6oil raKIIid o6pasou noqrll Becb fopoA, orpsAbl opraHl{3aul{H npucryrralor K onepaqllflM uporliB BoK3aJIa n Xo.noAsoft ropbl' Ha xoropoft 6orlruesuxu ycraHoBLIJIH aprl{JIJIepIlIo AJIfl o6crpe.ra ropoAa ua c.nyuaft Boopyx(eHnoro Bblcryrlr'IeHlls.

Ha c6opnnre nyHKrbI K paccBery 9-ro Nrcss npn6u.ilH: ue 2000 oQuuepou-27 (ra.x s rre 300 pa6ounx -280, B. B.). Hecuorpn Ha MaJIoqucJIeHHocrb npu6nnreKcre rurrx, q- Bce xe peuIUI Hal{arb BbIcry[JIeHI'Ie, I'I B I I t{acos yrpa, To ecrb B MoMeHT HaJIera KaBaJIepIrH Tonopxona la (l-ii Tepcroft AHeasuH) ua napr, KofAa cpeAn 6oalruesuKoB, croflBIIII{x Ha no3LIqLIH B SToM pafioue, noAHfl!'Iacb fiaHr,lKa, HanaJI Ha tlpesnuuaftnyrc KoMHccI'Ip Ha Cyrrlcxoft ynuue Nb 82.

Kapayn gpesnuuaftKIl rocJle rpe6oeaunn pa6ouux oceo6o,u,urr apecroBaunux pas6exaltcfl, n MbI npIrcryIIHJIIl K ocao6oxAeHilIo 3aKJIIolIeHHbIx, Ho B 9To BpeMq areHTbI rlpeseuuafiKr.r ll ocraBlrlnecfl BepHbIMH eft xpacnoapuefiuu, 3aHrB aepxHufi grax< H Kpblury AoMa, orKpbIJII'I opyxeftHuit oroHb no pa6ounu n craJII{ sabpacunarb LIx pyqHbIMX rpaHaraMB. Pa6oque orBerIaJIIt H3 BHHToBoK Ir tI3 peBoJIbBepoB tr npucrynl{Jlll K lxrypMy AoMa. C nopasureJlbHblM o}KecroqeHr{eM 6Hnll sgsrH Bce qerblpe gTaxa H BblrlyuleHo oKoJIo 45 apecronaHublx, Ho B sro BpeMs [offBHJIcs 6poHenux, 167

nporr.rBoAeftcrBoBaTb KoropoMy pa6oqHe BcJreAcrBHe oTcyrcrBHs BoeHHbrx pyKoBoArrTereft He Mof,rru, r{, oTKpbrB

oroHb B ynop LI3 [yJreMeTOB, 3aCTaBHr pa6or{Hx paccefiTbcfl no coceAHI{M KBapTaJIaM. B ,rucre ocso6o>i(lesnux 6u,ra Mofl cecrpa, sa xoropofi 6u,ro opraHn3oBaHo rrpecJreAoBaHr{e Ha aeroMo6r.ule- so rJIaBe c cy4e6nuu cJreAoBareJreu gpesnurraftxw Lllannpo u noMoItIHr.rKOM KOMeHAaHTa KOS,'rOslrI4. HacrfirHyB rpynfly pa6ouax, ocno6o4anur[x ee, sa EaccefiHoft y,rruqe, oun-clroBa nbrraJrr{cb apecroBarb ee, y6na .qnyx pa6ouux; Ho 6yAyrru o6crpeJtflHbr oQuuepcxoft rpynnor?, orcrynarculeii :ro srofi xe yJrurre, Br,rHyxAeHbr 6unu cxpurucx, 6pocuB aBTouo6n.nr, 3axBaqeHHbrri gaun, tllo xacaercfl nopyqaxa /Ianesaca, ro ero BMecre c lopyqr.rKoM Kylnxoeurr,r lr eule qerbrpbMfl oQuqepaun nuBeJrH H3 noMeuleHur 9peesuvaliKrr. AJtfl, paccrpeJra. B sacroslqee BpeMfl_,rpy[ nopyqr.rKa JIaneHuca sar?AeH cpeAz npoqux x(eprB 9peaouuarlrr Ha qarixoscxofi y.nnqe, C 4eCffTbIO fBO3AflMI{ IIOA HOTTflMII H CO BCCMH BbIDBAHHbIMII 3y6aMr. Bnn4y HeyAarrr Hacryn.rreHufl Ha ropoA oQnqepcxan fpynfia 3aHflJIa xna46aqe, rAe craJla o)KHAart, rroAxoAa repueB. Ey4yurz o6napyxeHHbrMr{ KpacHoapnaeftqaMr,r, noMeiqaBrrIHMrrct r Ka3aprr,rax Aprun,repiaftcxnx KypcoB (EnapxraJrbnoe yun,rnule), uu BbrHy)KAeHbr 6Hnu s cocrase 32 qerroeex rroKr.{Hyrb x,ra46nrqi: u oroiirlr B napK. 3Aecl MbI y3HaJI[, qTO TepIIbI, COBepUptB HaJIeT, OTOITL'rH OT rO_ poAa Bepcr na 20. lloc,re orKpbrruff Harrrefo uecronpe6uBaHHr B ltaDKe uu c 6oeu ocraBHr'ru Irapr{ H x Hacryn,reHulo reMHoto 'sunflJrr.r cKaKoaofi unno4poNl. Ocrasarbcs Ha selr 6u.uo HeMbrc.rrHMo, ueo6xo4rauo 6u.no pacnbrJruITbcfl r.r pacceqrbcfl rIo ropoAy. BHc.[ae pa3BeAKy, fl y3HaJr, rrro Bce yJrra[u neperopox{eHbr [arpy,'rflMu r.r upoftru B ropoA 6yaer HeMbrc_ Jrr.{Mo. TorAa q perxnr'rcfl Ha [.ocJreAHee cpeAcrso. Bgge sHa_ Mfl c HaAflIlcblo <<Aa 3ApaBcrByer Kortrrtaynucruqecxaft I4HrepuaquoHaJr>>, pa3BeBaBrrreecfl HaA I4nnoApoMoM, q, BbIcTpOI.IB.BCIO KOMa.HAy, C paccBeroM HanpaBr.rr,rcf B ropoA rro rnaeHori yJrHrIe (Cyucxori), nplrqeM rrpr oflpocax, sHas or3blB ll nooflycK, Mbr orBeqaJrr.{, qro HAeT vJrv, Oco6ufi or_ pfl.l r4JrH orpsA oco6oro HasHaqeHr.rfl, ulru Ae>KypHnrri nsaog, r.IJrH cMeHriBlLrafl.Cf. c AexypcrBa 3acTaBa. Boftas B rleHrp ropoAa, fl 3aHq,r o6qexurue Vunnep_ c[TeTa, corHaB B OAHy KOMHaTy BCex Xr.rBtrrHx TaM eBpeeB_ KoMMyHr.rcroB-cryAeHToB, a caM c nopyqfiKorrl Cxpnnnnxo_ BbIM H Bo,rrbHooflpeAeJrflrorqlrMca B. EropoBbrM HarrpaBHJrcr.

168

B rocTr.rHHrIy <<.IIOHAOH>>, tAe cTOgJI OTpgA OCO6O|O HaSHa-

qeHl{fl, u, corHaB B oAHy KoMHary oKoJro B0 6Hsuux raM KpacHoapMefiqee, [plrKa3aJr IIflTH H3 Hlrx ceAJrarb AJrg Hac xoHefi r.I ga[pflrrb rroABoAy, ua xoropofi 6u,ru y,roxeubr 3axBarleHnbre B orpflAe 27 xazanepnftcrux ny.nerueron lIIo-

ua. Bussas us VHasepcurera ocraJrbHbrx oQilqepoe, n co BceM orpflAoM e 30 BcaAHuloB HanpaBirJtcfl ri3 ropoAa c ueJrblo npo6nrlcx uepes Spour AJrs, coeAuHeHrrfl c qacrs-

uu .[,o6pono,rrqecxoli apMHr.I, 3aqBLrB [peAcraBaTeJrflM Bcex opraHu3allnil, uro cquraro Hx Bce opraHu3arlfir.r AyrbrMH, a xapbKoBcKoe oQitqepcrno, 6naro4apfl roMy, rrro Bce ryquee yxe AaBHo yexaJro Ha lor, a ocTaBrxeecrr BCJeICTBHe IxKypHocru, 6ox3HLr orBercrBeHHocTI,I B cryrlae HeyAarrn n IIaccHBHocrII Hecfloco6guu HI4 K KaKr{M cMer'rblM BbrcrynJreHr.rflM. llprr- erou fl [ocoBeroBaJr IrM, ecd'ru xapbr(oBcKoe oSuqepcrno eul'e cnoco6Ho ua rarym-,rn6o axrraeHocrr, ilpr.r BcrynJieHr{H B ropoA ,lacrefi ,[lo6pono,rl.recxor? apr{u11, 3aHflB xaxue-uu6yAb AoMa, npeLIMy[IecrBeHHo Ha fJaBHbrx y,'ilr(ax, fl B,'rrlouluxcg ualr6onee Ba>KHbrMH a prep r{s Mrr np }r orxoAe 6o.llrueszxoB, Haqarb o6crpe,r orxoArru_utx uacreii, rrpeHMyrqecTBeHHO aprr.iJrr'replr14.

FIeueA.neuHo 3a HaMr.r 6u,ra opraHr{3oBaHa rroroHs B cocraBe 6pouenuxa <<Apreu>> u 120-130 KoHHbrx, Koropafl npoMrlaJ'racb MHMo Hac no coceAHeli napa,r,re;lHoii yruue, yBJreKrxucb [pecJeAoBaH[eM cayqafiuo npoexaBruux KaBa,tleprcron-6o,rbtrleBnKoe. Btexae B JIec ry' Coxo,rtunxoB. rITo -suanlrlo

ceBepHee Xaptxoea, uu, 6naro4apn l"{ecrHocrti, npo6panllcl no He6o,rlruuM TponHHKaM B rtul 6o,rturegNKaM, 3aHHMaBIuHM IIo3HuIIn Ha Bblcore ce,ra Eo,rlruag LaHHJroBKa, gaKo[aB B Jrecv 17 nvneMeros.

Vcranoszs B rbrr'ry y xypcaHroB H KoMeHAaurcxoft porbr, 3anr4MaBlrrrx sry ir03Hqr.rrc, l0 ny"tenreron, R npuxasa,r oTxpbrrb ofoHb H3 HHX, np'or.r3Be,u,fl oAHOBpeMeHHO KOHHyTO 2,0 oSlruepoB Ha oAHH rr3 Qnanron arori rpyniu. lfaxy Cpeau 6o;iluesrxoB noAHqract Heeoo6pasuMaq nauuxa,

il B H€CKO/rtbr(o MHHyT OHH OCTaBI.III{ nOSHIIUrc, CKpbIBIII[Cb B ,llecy u 6pocun Ha [od're 6os Ao 20 y6urux u paueHux.

llpoexan ceo6oAHo rrepe3 ceJ'ro, Mbr [pucoeAuHr{.n}1cb B qacrflM l-ft Konuoft Tepcxofi ArrBHsHrr, _EopueBKa K

ce,'re

ocno,6oAns tto Ao?ore oAHoro noftuannoro KpecrbqHaMn ce,ra .t{epxaccxue Tnruxu Ka3aKa, paccrpeJrtB npr.r 3roM Mecr-

Hrrft ucno;lHnrenrnufi KoMr.rrer xotu6e.u.

He.cn,torpa Ha ro, qro ropoA-yxe 6n.n'3aHrr 4o6pono.nr-

IraMH 15, 6orlrues[xx [poAoJr)KaJrr{ cr{Aerb noa Eb"rrturoft

,lf,aHxronxoir, co6upaxcb yxoAnrb na,ll,epravu-Irc6orHs. ATaKOBaB HX B KOHHOM CTpOTO npH noAAepx(Ke nyJreMeTOB,

r69

fl c6HJr I4x c nogl.tqrlu 14 o1parLIJI B 6ercrBo, norepffB ttpu

aroii arare rrerbrpex y6urux Ia oAHoro paHeHofo.

Boitas B ropoA, fl [pucoeAI.IHI,IJIcs K qacrsM 3-fi nexorHori Ansusnn. flocle sa*fl.rtfl ropoAa pa6ora [eurpa npoAoJrxaJIacb B AeJIe KoHrppa3BeAKI{, rlpilr{eM oQnuepault I-leHrpa 6u.ru saAep)KaHbI r npenpoBo)KAeHbl B pac[opfl-

>r{eHHe HaqaJrbHI,rKa Jleryqefo nyHKTa l(onrppaseeAblBa-

re,'rbHofo orAeJIeHHff feHepaJI-KBaprupueiicrepa lllra6a .[,o6ponolrqecrofi apMHI{ [oJIKoBHI'IKa'Il{yuxuua 4o 300 Br.iAHbrx 6orrrueeuroB, ocraBllluxcff B Xaplxone AJIfl noAno,raHoft pa6oru.

B nacrosqee BpeMfl ura6 I{eutpa B cocraBe nopyqttxa CxpHnHnnoBa, npa[opqnxa Pu6ara, ura6c-rannrana fllrcauKo, flpanopqr.rKa MaxapeuKo H npafiopulllKa Bpy6lencKofo BpeMeHH,o npHKoMaHALIpoBaH x XaprroBcKoMy KoHrppa3BeAbrBareJlbHoMy orAe,reHHIo. OcranlHrte oQnuepi,r I{eurpa lt'oA KoMaHAofi rura6c-t<attllraHa Ee4uoro cocraB[JrH KaBaJrepwitcxuir orpsA B cocraBe AByxcor xoneii, HeMeAJreHHo BbrcrynuBlllrfi Ha Qpour.

BonrHooupeAensrcuuftcx MaxapoB yMep s ArexcaHAponcxofi 6o.llsnue or 3apaxeHLIfl KpoB[ B AeIIb Bcry[r'IeHr{ff B ropoA qacrefi ,Il,o6pono.rrt.Iecxoll apNII4I.i.

Haqantuurc Xaporcoacrcoeo Qenrpa P as aed or.aar ertbHoeo orden enun U r a6 a n qe Ho rco rtan} g rcuqe e o

f

Boopgcterunotuu Cunanu rua IOee Poccuu If onrcoenurc IB H fY EC KH I'1.

t g6AtIKO Anaro;rnfi EnreHresrq (1879-1941)

BoeHcneu, 6Hsrxfifi KanfiTaH (us oQurlepoe BoeuHofo Bpe-

neurr), u;reu trapruu 6omuresuxos c l9L7 r.; c Qenpa.nn 1919 r. KoMaHAoBa,,'r lpynnoft norlcr xaprxoecxoro Ha-

npaB,reHHt, B anpe!'Ie-Mae 1919 r.- KoMaH,(ytol0{,uir 2-it Vxpauucxofi cosercxofi apurefi, no3AHee cJlyxr{ir na IOroBocroqsoru t.r Kaexascrol4 Qpourax; penpeccupoBan (Hslue - 2 pea6rr.nurnponan).

Peqr, uAer o co0tlrfitx 3-5 Hro,rq l9l7 r., qsllsur{xcr pe3ynbraroM oqepe,IHoro Kpl.r3l-rca Bpeuennoro rrpaBrrre,'rbcrBa u BbIJrr.{BIIIIrxcq B 500-tucsqsue aer{oHcrpaqfilr noA,'Io3ynroM <<Bcs Bracrb Coserau!>, npuqerl aKTrzBHoe yqacrxe

g co6Htrqx npI.rHI,IMaJIIr H Boopyxeu-

rrbre Boeuubre. B xoae cto.nrHoBenufi B gru aHH norn6,no 56 r.r paneuo 560 ,Ieroser.

3 BeHrepcraa Coeercnas pecny6,ruxa 6n;la nponosr.rarueHa 8(21) rr,rapra 1919 r., a y>xe B anpene cro,lK-

Hynacb c HHTepBeHur{efi pyMblHcKux H qexoclloBaqKnx

soficx. CoeercKas BJracrb n Beurpuu lpocyu{ecrBoBa.{a Ao 19 nrc.ns (l anr;cra) 1910 r.

170

4 AHTOHOB-OBCEEHKO B;ra4nuup A,nexcan,qpoa3 uau6olee KDvnHbrx co- oAHH Bercr(Hx pyKoBoArrreneii nepuoaa Orra6pn ir- .pu*4uncxorl aofinu, qneH napruu 6omileslxos c uioHrr l9l7 r. (s PCAPTI c 1903 r.); a annape-uroHe lglg r. Kolrau.u,osarr VrpauHcKr.rM QpoHTolr, 6u,n qJreHor{ PeesoeHcosera Pecny6ar.rrn, Cosera o6oponu yCCP, no3AHee lra pa3!'ruqHoro poAa aAMlrHrrcrparuruoft, noaurnuecxofi, gun,roMarirqecrofi pa6ore; peflpeccr4poBau (nunc pea6n.rH-

auu (1883-1939)

-

rupoBaHJ.

5 II,ITTI,IC Bna4nuup ilkxafiuonnq (1881-1938)

BoeHc[eq,6bIsutrfi norKoBHnK; B flHBape-il]o.rre l9l9 -r.

KoMaH.qoBan soficxaMu lOxsoro Qponra, no3Auee 3anaAHoro KagxascKoro QpoHron, 3aHlluaJr pi3JrfrrHbt€ KoMaHAHETe Aonxuocrl; penpeccfipoBau (ur,ruc pea6unrrTi{poBaHr.

-

u

-

6 TPOUKII (Eponurref,n) JIes ,(ann4oruv oAnH Hs goxAefi 6onruresHcrcroi nap-

(1879-1940)

rnu u CogercKoro rocyAapcrBa nepro,4a rpax4ancxofi BoftHH, q.rren PCAPII(6) c aarycra 1917 r. (e coqua,'r-AeMoKparuqecKoM ABrxeHr.ru c I 897 r.) ; r I 9l &- I 924 rr.

HapKoMBoeHMop u c cenrr6pa 1918 r. flpe.4ce;1are,rr PcaBoegcoBera Pecny6.ruxu, ,r,IeH florur6npo UK 6o.lr,uteBI.tKoB; no3,u,Hee-Ha a,[MLIHHcrparr-rano-xosgficrgenlofi pa6ore; s 1929 r. BbrcJrar ng crpaHbr; <JrI.rr(BHArrpoBaH)) B Mexcnre cerperHlrM areHroM HKBA CCCP. 7 Pe'n u,(er o npaBurenbcrse 3anaAno-Vxpauucxoii pecny6ruxu, npoBo3rnarxeHsofi l9 orrn6pa (l Hor6pn)

l9l8 r. Bo JIbBoBe u BKJuoqaBureft repuropurc Bocroquofi

fa;ruquu, Eyronunn u 3axapnarrr, pauee Bxo,{lrBlr-ryn

B cocraB Ascrpo-Benrpuu. flapnxcxaq MIrpHat xoll$epeHquq orKpr,Inacb 3(16) anrapr 1919 r. c yqacrnell ,r,c.lterar1uu srofi pecny6;rHKIr, oAHaKo no,'rarrrrrecKar He3aBHcHMocrb ee npn3naHa raK r He 6u,ra. 6olee roro: KoHQepenur.rn l3(26) nroua l9l9 r. oSuqna,rruo ynoilHolroux.na floluruy Ha 3aHtrne Bocroqxoft farr.rqun.

I APAJIOB Ceiren llsauosrq (1880-1969)

Bo-

eHcneq, 6Heufift rura6c-xannrau (ns oolruepoB BoeHHoto

npenexu), ruleH naprnu 6onbruesuros c l9l8 r. (r counaJr-AeMoxparnqecroM AB[xeHr.r[ c 1903 n.), a onncr,IBaeMoe BpeMt

,uIeH PegsoeHcoeera Pecny6anru, aoetl-

xoM flo,resoro -urra6a PBCP, uaqanbnllK Pa3BeAynpaB.'IeHnR flonegoro lura6a; no3AHee Ha pa3J'II{qHbIx Ao!'Ix(HocBOeHHblX, aAMIrllIlCTpaTUBHblx, AlIIIflOMarHqecKilx, TfiX pa6ore.

HayqHofi e BAUETIIC lfoaxnn lloaxnuonn,r (1873-1938)

-

BoeHcneq, 6Hsulllfi fenepalruoro ulra6a no,lroaHux; B

up;le l919 rr. r./IaBuoKoMaH.q,yrcuufi BoopyxenHn,uu -Curauu Pecny6.nurn, sareu pa6ora.l n PBCP, 3aH!.rMad'tct BoeHHo-neAarorirqecrofr ,(eflTeJrb-

cesra6pe l918

Hocrbro; penpeccupoBau (unue-pea6l,tnurupoBan). to IIQIBOtrCKHE Hnxo.rrafi H,runq (1880-1948) .oArrn n3 pyKoBoAxrenefi Oxrr6prcrioro Boccrautlfl s nerporpaAe; s PCAPII-c l90l r.; B onlrcblBaeMoe BpeMfl

l?r

qreH PBCP, npeaceAareal Bnc(.uo ceurx6pn 1919 r.)

- PKKA, HapKoMBoeHMop VCCP; ruefi soegHoft uHcneKqlrfi lo3AHee Ha pa3Jrr.rgHbrx BoeHHo-aAMr.rgncTpaTuBHt{x Aon}KHocrrx, naprnfiuoft u cogercroft pa6ore. 't MEXJIAyK Barepufi llsanosnq (1893-1938) BLTttycKHHK r.rcroplrro-Qunod'rornqecKoro

H ropflAr.rrlecKoro-

Qary;rrreroa Xapuxoecroro yHI.rBepcnrera, trJreH naprr{u

6omureguxos c urc.rrr l9l7 r. (o peno.nnqnogHoM ABrl)KesaMnapKoMa uuu c 1907 r,); a ouucuBaeMoe BpeMs

-

rro BoeHHHM r{ MopcKr.rM .u,erau VCCP, [o3Asee Ha pa3JII.IIIHbIX KOIT{AHAHHX, AAMHHIICTPATI,IBHbilX I{ IIOJIIITUqCCKI,IX

Aon)KHocrrx; penpeccspoBau (nune

pea6nnarnpoaau).

p MAXHO Hecrop Hnanosnq (1889-1934)

oAuH rig pyKoBoAurenefi xpecmancroro [oBcraHqecKoro ABHx(eHr.rr nepHo,[a rpax4aucroft BofiHbr, axapxucr. B

Qenpane l9l9 r. Bor{HcK[e qacru Maxno BoruJrn B cocras 2-fr Vxpauucroft Cosercrofi apMnr.r B ra.{ecrse 3a-

4uenpoacroft 6puraAn, a sareM 7-ft Vrpauuoror? Ar.rBn3un, B Mapre-Mae BeJrr{ 60lt Ha yqacrKe Mapnyno;rr-Bo.nnoBaxa, a l9 Maq, 6yayvu pas6nru AeHr.rKHHuaM[ 6exaru c Qponra, Bucryru.rB uepes l0,quefr nporuo Cogercroi B,lacrt-r, sa qro 8 nnus l9l9 r. MaxHo u ero npn6ru)KeHHHe 6HJrrr o6raereHbl BHe 3aroHa. B 1920 i. cos-

MecrHHe AeficrB[r c Kpacuofi apuueft upornB 6e;rornapAefiqee sogo6gonr-urucr. Vuep B aMnrpaqur.

13 KyTEIOB A.nercan4p llarrosrq (1882-1930)

n l917 n. no,'rxoBnr.rx ;refi6-raapAuu flpeo6paNeucKoro no.rr-

Ka, B ornrct{BaeMoe BpeMf, - reHepan-neftrenanr, KoMaHAr.rp I-ro apueficroro Kopryca ,[,o6poao;rwecKofi apMHr{, BKJrrcqaBruero sau6olee 6oecnoco6nue noficxa; no3AHeeneuepan or unQanrepuu, rn.qunfi Aeqrenb 6eroft eurrparIuH, c 1928 r. Bo3n.rraBJrfl,'r Pyccxr.rft o6qeBor.iHcKr.rft corca, 6un noxuuren anegraMrr Ofni/ CCCP lr BbrBe3eH Ha PoAHHy, yMep B nyrn 6,rus Honopoccaficra.

TOIOPKOB A,rercan4poanu Ceprefi s l9l7 r. B qrHe rrorrKoBHHKa KoMaHAoaa,r Tarapcrr{M KoHHbrM noJ'tror{ <<,{,uroft AHsu3un>. C l9l8 r. Ha pa3nnqnbrx KoMaHAHbrx Aod'rxHocrrlx B apMr.rrx reuepan.[,enrruna u Bpanre,rn, B onr.rcbrBaeMoe BpeMfl uaiiop. flosaHee KoMaHAoBa;r 4-ru Ky6aucxuru -raea,repaft'4 (1880-1931)

cKr.rM Kop[ycoM, cBoAHbrM rana,reprficrnM KopnycoM, 6brJr npoLIgBeAeH reuepa,r-refiTeHaHTr,r. Vuep n gMurpaqlrfi.

r

t5 3ac;ryra B3trur Xaprxoaa B gHarrr.rrerbHofi crenesn npHHaane)Kana ap03AoBrIaM

BoHHaM 2-ro O.bflqepcro-

ro crpenKoBoro noJIKa 3-fi -nexornofi Ar-rBr.r3IrH relrepa,'Ia .4,posAoacxoro. Bcxope noc,'re 83rrlrr Xaprrona norK etor 6u.n pa3BepHyr B rpexnonroByrc (sarelr qerbrpexno;rxoayrc) AHBH3uro, Koropar e orrn6pe l9l9 r. no,'ryqI,t.rra HauMeHoBaHHe 3-a crperxonar FeHepaJra,Il,pos4or-

cKoro nuBH3r.Jt.

fihqHbtE aPxHEbl

B. A. noccE

Or Oeepone $o Epecro BOCIIOMHHAHI,Iq

Hrtrq B.na4unl.rpa A.nexcaH4ponnua llocce ( 18641940), BHAHoro x(ypHanucra, H3AareJIs, AeqreJlfl peBonnrlHoHHoro r,r KooneparltBHoro Annxenufr, B HaqaJle BeKa c noxeaflofi 3ByqaJIo H3 ycr JI H. To.rrcroro, A. If. 9exosa.

H. A. Bynnna r{ Apyrnx BblAarcIql,txcs coBpeMeHH[IKoB' a HbIHe oKa3aJrocs s sa6eennn. [IogteAHee LtsAaHne Eo,nruofi Cosercxofi aHqrKnoneAHH Aaer 6xorpaQnuecKyn cnpaBKy Jlr{[rb o ero crapueu 6pare, KoxcranrnHe AlexcanApoBHqe, aKaAeMr{Ke-MareMarnKe, Aa H ro c ourn6oqngu 3HaKoM yAapeHr.rfl n Sauurnn Ha nocneAHufi cuor, uem npu4a,no efi xecnoficrsennoe $panqy3cKoe aryuanne.'

Eaponu r,r npa$u llocce I{3BecrHbI n lllseqrr c XIV nexa. Pyccxas BerBb r{x reHeaJlorilqecKoro ApeBa npolrgpocna or rJreHeHHoro llerpom I useAcxoro o$nqepa ll He yKparxeHa rrryrou. Bna4umup llocce poAHJIcr 10 Mac 1864 r.

B HoBropoAcxofi yca4r6e llerponcKoe, MexAy Eoponnuamn u Vrlosxofi, y HbrHeIIrHeft xelegnoAopoxnofi ctanqnn KopcaKoBKa. Ero oreq, A,nexcan4p <De4oponnu llocce (18271867) - ilHxreHep, npoeKrltpoBaJl H crpoHJI xeJIe3HbIe Aoporu. A.lexcang,p II sa nepecrpofixy nerep6yprcxoro [oqTaMra no)KaJroBaJr eMy opAeH Cs. CraH[cilasa 2-fi creneHH c r{Mrreparopcrofi xoponofi. B nocleAnufi roA csoeft roporrofi xuonrr on 6ur 6oponnucxllM yeoAHbIM npeABoAI{rereM ABopcHcrBa. Marr, Elneanera fxosresHa, ypo)KAeHflas KosasHlrHona (1830*1904) - nomeulnqa, noroMoK nerpoBcKoro apana A. II. fannudata. Maa4uufi I{3 luecreIlo4roronra rexcra H. A. fiocce I B. K). 9epunena, Bcrynn-

TeJrbuar crarbfl Ir rouuexraptfi B. I0. {epnnera.

r73

pHx AeTeft, B. A. llocce, c renJrorofi rcnomunaJr AomarxHero yqlrrenc, cryAenTa-ueAnxa M. E. ,Il,epxanr.rHa, 3ereM apecroBaHHoro Ba nponaraHAy cpeAn pa6ouux. l4nresxo on u nplrBHn X)HoMy ABOpcHnHy HHrepec K HayKe, fli{reparype H qyBcTBO HeOnJrarHOrO AOJ|ra r{HreJrJrnreHqHu nepeA Ha-

poAoM.

Cy4r6a qeApo Aapnna B. A. Ilocce Apy)K6y aroAefi

cpKHX TaJTaHTOB, HO 3aTeM.qaCTO pa3BOAHra no pa3Hbre cropoHbr. C orpouecrsa 6un ox 6rrsor c It. E. Crpyne, qbH ABa crapulrx 6para x(eHr{Jrncb Ha cecrpax llocce. B r[MHa3HH Apyxnn c 6parrnun XpanoenqxnmN. OAnH lls nnx, Alexcefi, cral Als Q. M. ,ll,ocroencKoro npoo6pasom Aueruu Kapartraaoaat a B r.rcropln Bouefl MlrrponoJr;rroM

Auronueu, BbIAarcqHMcff AecrereM npaBocJraenn, crofixnu MoHapxncroM, noqerHbtM qJreHoM <Copaa pyccKoro HapoAa),

nepBbrM rJraBoro eMnrpaHrcKofi Pyccrofi npaBocJraBHofi uepx-

stl. B llerep6yprcxou yHuBepcnrere nprsre!'rcMn 6u.nn q. _Q. _BoloBosoB, Qparrn C. O. u O. <D. O.rr4eu6ypr, B. _4. Bepna4crnfi, B. B. Crrrnlonuu (8. Bepecaer) n-!p.

Hecnpane4.nHBocrb n 6esnpancrBeHHocrb aByqalH cHHoHnMon{ Anq HapoAHHKoB-ceMHAecflrHr.tKoB. Or nnx BocnpnHcJ B. A. Ilocce grnqecKoe rpe6onanne coqnalrnofi cnpa-

BeAJruBocrr{, BepV n rpr4yrqnft corIHaJr{BM KaK Bo[JroueHr{e a6co.rnrnux HpaBcrBenHbrx rrpHHqnrroB, HpaBcrBeHHoe Bo3BbrureHne Hapo.qa. l7 noadpt 1886 r. on 6un cpeAu saqr{HrrlHKoB cryAeHrrecKofi 4euoncrpaqfifi y Bo.nxoncxoro KnaA6nula n naMcrb H. A. ,tlo6po.nro6osa, a b Hnnq 1887 r.. sa 3HaKoMcrBo c A. H. Varnnon6uu, M. B. Hoeopyccxnrrr,

6paruxruu Bouecrasom n IOseQou IIn,lcyAcxuMH, npilqacrHbrMlt K noAroroBKe y6nficrna A.nexcan4pa lll, 6HJl xsrHaH MHHHcrpoM npocBeuleHur rpaQom H. A. ,ll,e;lrnonum H3 yHr{Bepc[TeTa H BbICJIaH r{3 CTOJtHTIbt 6es npana )r(HreJrbcrBa B yHilBepcuTercKnx ropo4ax.2 fo4 cnycrn B. A. Ilocce Bce x<e cAaJr eKaaMeHH Ha KaH4HAara npaB, Ho u3-ga rfl)r(xofi douesHu nepeofi xeHH, Alercang,pu HnaHosHbr, peur.tJr crarb Bpaqonr. Vqnrcs s llapnxe, 6epne, llene, Opefi6ypne, neurxom ucxo4u,r Erpony, neqaraq B Poccnn nyreBHe oqepKn. Jlero u oceHb 1892 r. oH npoBeJr B caMapc_Kofi rlyruu, orKyAa AoKropa c6exa,nn fiocJre (xonepHbtx 6ynm>. Ceorc me4nuuHcxylo npaKTrrKy rr )t(rrgHb raM oH on]tcaJt B KHHre <Ha xo.ilepe>.3 Ona npnnecna n[reparypHyro HsBecrHocrb rf noxBaJru JI. H. Toacroro n A. II. tlexosa. 3aulnrue no Opefi6ypre AoKropcr(yrc AnccepTaqHK), B. A. Ilocce craJr JreqHrb KocrpoMcKHx KpecrbcH H yqnn ux 4erefi, nora He BosHHK xons.nnxr c uecrHbtM[ BIacTf,MH n AyxoBeHCTBOM. 174

:..;ii*trifr

B. A. llocce c ceuoeli s .Ilecuorvr. flerporpa,t, cep. 1910-x rr.

Crosr B. A. flocce n cltu B,raAlnll{p, Ha cryr'Ic - )rielra

- Huro,{acBrra. v eti uor Ceprefi A;irua - lrcbrHoBbq (c neryxorri n pyxax) flerp. @oro lrg apxr.rBa l{. A. Iocce. fIy6,'rur<yercrr BrrepBble.

llepeexan n IIerep6ypr, oH craJr nafiqlrKoM-yqpeAnrereM H3BeCTHOTO KHr{fO[3AareIbCKOrO TOBapr{qeCTBa <3HaHHe>,

peAaKTopoM B HeM KHnr no l,Icropr,rn u coqnoJrornn I,| qJreHoM peAaKqnft pe4a x(ypHaJroB. B <<O6paooBaHI.Ilr)) oH olKI{Br{Jr nnreparypHbrri or.rl,efl, B <HoBoM cJroBe> BeJr llHocrpaH1/D

HOe O6O3peHHe H COAeftCTBOBaJT sBoJrrcqr{H X(ypHaJra OT HeO-

HapoAHr.rqecrBa K MapKcHaMy. 3a B. A. [Iocce raM nocBrrJrlrcb II. 6. Crpyre, M. l,l. Tynan-Eapanoncxufi, C H. Eyrraxon H noA nceBAoHnMaMr{ f. B. llJrexanon, B 14.

Jlennn, tO. O. Mapron, A. H. Ilorpecon, B. M. tlepnon.

Xypnanncrcxyn cJraBy B. A. fiocce o6pen n <.Xngtu.t>. Sror xypHan oH BogrJraBn.r r 1898 r. HenJracno, nBsa csoefi noflflTilqecKofi ne6nanoHaAe)r(Hocru. a Sneprun n saeuAnufi aap B. A. Ilocce cnJraqr.rBarb BoKpyr ce6s raJraHrbr npeo6paeuu saHyAHbIft xypnan Aac ceMefiHoro qreHHc B nonyncpHoe npoqBerarcqee n3Aanne. TyAa nepeuJrtl MapKcncrcKne aBrophr rr3 3aKpbrroro qeHsypofi <Hoeoro cJIoBa> H neqarar[cr A. Il. 9exon, I,I. A. Eyunn, JI. H. An4peen, K. A. Earunaonr, 3. H. funnuyc, B. Bepecaen, JI. VxpaxnKa, A. H. OscsHnro-Kyruxoncrnfi u B nepeBo-

f. faynruaH, I(. faucyH, P. Kunrunr n ap. HrueHHo B. -A. Ilocce orKpbrJt raJraHr M. l'oplroro, BBeJt MoJtoAoro Hr{xeropoAcKoro nncareJrs B nnTeparypHble KpyrH croJrH-

Ae

rlbr, noMon n3Aarb eMy nepByn KHt,lry. [enoypnufi Meq cMepreJrbHo cpa3nJr <Xn3nr>> nocJre yqacrltfl B. A. Ilocce, M. foprxoro, K. Ealruoura H Apy-

rux xtraHeHqeB B cryAeHqecKofi Aemoncrpaqr{H 4 uapra l90l n. y Kasancxoro co6opa H B orKpbrroM nncbMe npo-

recra npoTlrB sBepcroro ns6nennfl ee nonnqnefi n Ka3aKanan. Or6Hs Mecf,q n <Kpecrax> rr AoMe npeABapnreJrbHoro

3aKJlnqenr{n, B. A. Ilocce 6Hl nuc,naH Hs croJrnrlbr H pe-

IuHJI gMxrptlpoBarb, ,tro6u Bo3poAHTb <XxgHr> Ha BoJIb-

HOM CTAHKC.

B Anr.rnn BoKpyr Hero cJroxn,nacl Coqnan-AeMoKparr{qecKar opraHrsaq[c (XH3Hb>: B. A. EoHv-Epyenfiq, cynpyrr f. A. x M. A. Kyrlnnu, crapbre xreneHqbr B. f.

Mypunor n M. C. Epmo,naer, roncroBerl KHfl3b ,[. A. Xn.lKoB. oAr.rn u3 ocHoBare,refi Jlaruurcrofi CAPII O. A. PosHH, ecep xypHaflr{cr A. M. Cocxuc (Carypnu) u Ap.t C opraHH3aqr{efi 4pyxecrn corpyAHnqar}r oanpaHHqHbre npeAcraBHreJrn nnC (Ilonrcxofi coqr{aJrucnrqecxofi naprnn), Jlaruurcxofi CAPI|, Bceo6ulero enpeficxoro pa6oueno coIo3a B Jlnrne, Ilo,nuure n Poccnn uEynAn. Qon1 Bo,nruofi pyccxofi npecchl6 4a.n cnofi upuQr, npnnaAJrexasurfi A. H. l'epqeHy. TunorpaQnn noMeqaracb Ha oKpa[He JIoH4ona, KoHropa peAaKqHH s JlarrlrcKoM KBaprane lfapnxa, noA xpuuefi peAaKrlr{n -x(ypHana <JIe Myruan Coqrsuxcr>. PeAaKropoM xs6pa,nn B. A. tlocce. Ha AeHbrH Kyrunnux x A. A. Bucoqxoro rsAanll 8 nouepon xypHana <fn3nb>, 12 <Jlncrxon Xusnu>, 20 6pournp. B nux neqararncb rtreHuI opraHtrsaqnu, a raKxe A. Ee6ear, K. Kayrcrufi, M. Bnr, 176

rHx, 9. BaH4epre,lrAe, fl. JlarapAear l,| ApyrHe 3anaAHble coqiraancru; i. Faynruan npeAocraBnn ApaMy <<TKaen>, paccKa3H; BnepBble 6ul ony6.nnKoBan cAeJIaHO. Mup6o pyccxlfr nepeBoA <llnrepnauuonufi ciylenrdu -crasilnfiA. Koqempoccnfi cxofi coqllaJl-AeMoKparl'lll ; nIrMHoM HaJIa>, vBilreJIIr cBeT npHcJIaHHHe I'13 Poccun coqnHeHnq B. F. Tau"Eo.opaea, C. l'1. fycera-Opeu6yprcxono, f. A. fa'nnHoil (SfiHepnrnt), K. C. EapanueBllqa u Ap.; npeAaBaJIHcb or-

JracKe camopaao6aaqureJlbHble ceKperHble AoKyMeHrbI uapu3Ma; noMeuraJlncb <XpoHuxa pa6o,vllx sorHeHnft I'l craqeK>>'

xpoHr{KH penolrcquoHHofi 6opr6u B qapcrBe llorrcrou, Jlamnn, AesreJlbHocrn <Eyn4a>r cBeAeHHr o noJII{rHqecKItx yBH lI Kax. C nonroqrn ceKTaHroB-IIIryHAltcroB n crapoo6pqlqeB-HeKpacoBIIeB rlo 3apocul{M KaMbllltoM nporoKana AyHafl H r|HbIM]l nyrflMl't OpraHHSaq[f HeJIeraJIbHo nepenpaBl{-

ra n Poccnrc 6o,nee 120 ny,qos peBonloqqonnofi nurepaTVPH. sXusun> racuTb pa3Aop n poccnficxo! co-

CrperaaeHue rrlraJl-AeMoKparlrn BbI3bIBaJIo pagApaxeHne tpynn-.<Ocso6oxAenue rpyAa> u <Hcxpa>. l'. B. IlaexaHos rafiHo na-

-H. flenr.rna rpernponaru <XnsHb>' Ho oH tf noAAaJIcs, xorfl I{ cqnraJl ee JlerKoMblclennofi nepryurrofi" H nce xe o6a nJIeJII{ I'IHTpI'lry c qeJIbIo oBJIaAerb AeHbraMH F. A. Kyx.rluna. T B 1902 r. n XeHese f. B. [IlexaHoe o6nopoxl'I.n B. A. llocce, He Be,qaBuero o6 HHrpilre' ll yroB-opnn crarb qJIe-

ycbKnBan B.

HoM-yipeAHreJIeM Mapxcucrcxoro xny6a. C6.nnxrenne BcKor

pe o6epny.lrocb orxo.ttoM B. A. Ilocce or coqlrar-AeMoKparnll.

Orro.nxnyla aBropltrapHocrb ee poccnftcKnx Box(4efi, nx pe[rlMocrb nocJle B3srng BJIacrH JIIIIIIHTb 6ypxryasnn na6nparearnux npaB, pagorHarb napJlaMeHT' ecJII{ ero cocraB craHer nouexofi, orpaHnqnrb cro6o4y cJroBa H HenpnKocHoBeHHocrb lnqnocnr. f. B. Il.nexanon ronAa Aax(e cyJrHJr, cJIeAyr Po6ecnrepy, coopyAt{rb rI{JIborHHy-y XasaHciroro'co6oda Ans qapr tl ero npucJly]I(Hl'rxos.8 oAnaxo

B. A. Ilocce BHAeJI B nponerapcroft penolrcqnn cpeAcrBo HpaBcrBeHHono o6HosJteHxc o6qecrBa Ha HaqaJlax cno6o-

AH, I n Pooecnrepe - AyxoBHoro orqa Kaneutnxa, Trepa na.naqefi npoflerapnara' I{- orBepraJl lr Apyrnx 6ypxyasnux

reppop. llyru penourcqnn Anc Heto npoJlerar qepes Henoemon-eHue-qapcxofi BJIacrH, nceo6ulyn cratlKy pa6ourx, nepexoA Ha Hx cropoHy apMHu n yHHqroxeHHH BOHHCKOI| AHcqr{nIHHbl, npeAocTaBJIeHIre npaB Ha HaqnoHaJIbHOe CaMOonpeAeJreHHC rDxnlnnp,uN, [Ioluue, Vxparxe, Karxaey BnJrorb Ao orAeneHus or Poccnn. H nyrr gror BIlAeJIcs 6es KpoBlr, xasHefi u nof,n. e t77

B. A. llocce B peAaKqx[ xypna,ra <<)KusHb A.tq Bcex>.

fierporpaa, cepeAi.rHa lg10-x rr.

Clega nricarenb A. I,I. Crapc<uri. (Doro ug apxnBa H. A. Ilocce. fly6;urr<yerca BnepBbre

He cyuen nycrurb KopHt{ B pa6oqeu ,qBH)KeHr,rn, <XuaHr>> _nexa6pn 1902 r. caMopacilycra,'racb, qacrb ee BJrr{Jracb e PCAPil. B re rpyAHHe Arr; B. A. ilocce AHu npon3oIIreJr ero pa3pbtB c M. fopsxuna. Tor eqe B poccnu o6eutan npuexarb Ang yqacrns n <Xuexn>, Ho noroM coo6unl. qro He xoqer <Hrparb n l'epqena>.r0 A earena B. A. lloccey3r{aJl o cBoe[r [cKflroqeHr,rr,t HB ToBaplrqecrBa <3naune>>. Eno He 22

yAoBnerBopHno o[paBAarerbHoe nficbfvro M. l'oprxoro, KoToporo oH cqHTar ApyroM, BBeJI B ToBapr,ru{ecrBo 6e3 naq, IE. Tgnelb r csofi nafi AoaxeH 6un nepeAarb ero xeHe, II. Ilemxosofi. 10 .rrer cnyerfl us-sa QuuaHcoBbrx pasnol:rlalHfi_c foprruu . nopBar n 4pyrofi yqpeAHrenb .,3naHnR rr,

K. II. IlqrHuqrnfi rr. Bpelrn npurrrupu.rro rpex6unuruxApy-

3efi, Ho He Bo3poAtrJto xx Apyx(6br.

B Xenene B. A. Ilocce c f. A. Ky^.r,rnbrM n3AaBaJtH

<<Eu6nuoreKy pyccKoro npoJrerapunn. ,ll,ir nee B. A. fiocce nepeBel ua pyccxnfi r3brK <(XeHqlrHv r,r couHaJtH3M) A. Ee-

6eng. <ManuQecr KortlrtryHucruqecrofi napruH> K. Mapx'ca u Q. Snrelrca lr r.

A,. <ManN$ecr> ;AoxHoBu.n B.-A. llocce Ha cocraBJleHr{e B 1903 r. <llpoerra npo,nerapcxofi nporpaMMbr>. BepR, qro pa3Br{rne npoMbnrrJreHnocr-q l{ co178

3HareJlbHofi KnaccoBofi 6opr6u npoJlerapl{ara' ycHJennoro HHreJIJrHreHqnefi, npep.onpeAenser cMeHy KanHTarH3Ma coqnaJrn3MoM, oH pa3BllJI co6crneHnyn KoHqenqnn coq[aJrI{s-

ma. Ona ocHoBbtBaJlacb Ha [Aecx K. Maprca u 0. Surqllca o 6esroBapHoM caMoynpaBJleHllil KaK [AeaJIbHoM 6yAyueM H KHr3s n. A. Kponorrnna o Qe4epaqnu BoJtbHblx KoMMyH c no,nnofi cno6oAofi rx qJreHoB. KoHqenqHc npeAycMarpHBaJIa ynpaBAHeHI'te KaK KJIaccoBr TaK H qacrHofi co6-

H ee o6nactr o6teAuneHnum o6qunau, Se4epaqlln nepeAaqy HbIx H HaultoHaJlbHblx con3oB. Tonapnoe npou3BoAcrBo' HMeBIIree qenbrc npn6ulr, SaMeHflJIocb o6lqecrsenHblMr,AJIfl paBHoro yAoBnerBopenun norpe6nocrefi KaxAoro' c o6ssarerbHHM MIIHI{MyMOM TpyAa. vcrauasrilsadl{cb paBHonpaBHe PAC, nOJIOB, narlnonanrnocrefir BeponcnoBeAaHufi,

CTBeHHOCTH Ha CpeAcrBa H npoAyKrH npoH3BOACrBa,

cso6oAa cJIoBa, neqarl{r colo3oB' HenpI{KocHoBeHHocrb JIHqHocrlr r{ )KI{JII{qa, o6qsarerlHoe o6yqeH[e B IIIKoJIe SusnuecKoMy n yMcrBeHHoMy rpyAy. Harpa4,u, orJII{qHfl' rlrryJlll orMeHsJIHcb. Dpax craHoBuJlcs cso6oAHum consoMr He rpey3aKoHeHrs. 6ynqnru -

B noqcHenne <llpoexra npoaerapcrofi nporpaMMblD B. A. llocce I{3Aan KHnry <Teopnn n npaKruKa npoJlerap-

cKoro coqxaJlu3Ma)). l2 Ee pacnpocrpaHeHl'Ie r Pocclln oKa3a-

JIOCb 3arpyAHeHO: [puncrcrB[eM craJla JteBae KpHrHKa B nefi coqna.n-AeMoKparl{3Ma' a He aHapxo-KoMMyHHcrlrqecKas yronilqHoct. 13 CoquaJtbHas yronnc KaK HAeoronun 6opl6u,

xorb r{ n pasnofi Mepe, Ho 6ula npncyqa BceM coIlHaJIHcrnqecKr{M napruf,M H rpynnaM Poccuu, I{ HMeJIa onopy B rofi qacrn o6Iqecrsa, KoTopas BMecre c caMoAep)KaBHeM

orBeprana KarIuraJIll3M. Vcnruq 6omruesnxoB oBJIaAerb HMyulecrsoM l-. A. KyKJTHHa yBeHqarrcb ycnexoM. B uae 1905 r. f. A. Kyxutltt rcrynn.n n PCAPII. Bce csou AeHbrI{' rnnorpaQuro,6n6nu' oTeKy-qnraJrbHn oH nepeAan 6orruresuxaM' tl ABa roAa

yMep B Hnqere ot ry6epxyleaa. cnycrc Korna F. A. fanoH, IrMeBuInfi opeon repon I flHBapc' c noMorr{brc coqHaJI-AeMoKparoB H gcepoB cHapcAnfi napoxoA c opyxneM AJIfl nurepcxllx pa6ounx, B. A. llocce conpG soxAau ero s grofi onacHofi HeJIeraJIbHoft noeeAre. V SnnJrsHAcKoro 6epera 26 anrycra 1905 r. <,ll,xon fpa0ron> ceJr Ha MeJrb ll 6ua nsopnaH, pa6o'tnu AocraJlacb JlllIIIb Ma{as Aonc opyxns. BuAc asanTrcpl{3M fanoHa, orcyrcrBne v Hero pealruoft noAAepxKlr B croJlnqe, B. A. llocce Bepiryrcn ea py6ex. Bcxope qapcrnfi MaHnQecr 17 oxtn6pr 1905 r. orKpHn BoaMoxnocrb JlerarbHofi AesrenlHocrn B Poccun. r79

Pesontoqnq 1905 r. ycKopr{na pasBr{rr{e Koonepaqfirr KaK anbrepHarr{BH KanHTaJrHcrr{qecKoMy npor{3BoAcrny. [Ipnnqn_

rIoM Koonepaqnn rorAa 6n,no Hacbrqenue norpe6nocrefi cBoux qJreHoB, yAerIIeBneH[e HM XHSHtf, a He BbIXUMaHr.re MaKc[MaJrbHoft npu6u.rrn. K lgl7 r. poccrq craJra cauofi Koo[eparr.tBHofi crpanofi. Uyen pa6ovefi xoonepaqr[ KaK nyrn oBJraAeHnc pa6ounmx xosqftcrreHHofi xrilsHrm pocclrr{ BAoxHonnla B. A. [Iocce Ha co3AaHr{e r ilerep6ypre JreroM 1906 r. norpe6nreabcKoro KooreparnBa oTpin6sofi c_o_Io3>. ta llm pyxoBoAltJln x([3HeHqbr M. C. Epuo"'raee'i M. n.

Kyx.nl.tua, cr.lHAr,rxaJtr{cr A. C. I'oxapen, pa6o,rne A. E. Kapgnl{j, I,I. K. Ko6HncHcxufi, [1. E. KopoJree, MeHbrrreBnK M. Jl. Xeficun, 6o.nrruesuxn H. A. Ckprrnnnn x p. M. Mar[Hoscxufi u ap. lloc.ne4nufi oKasailcc [poBoKaropoM. <<Tpyponofi cox)3)) He roJrbKo HaJraAHJr 6yaounoe nponsno4crno, cna6xreHr{e cBoux qJreHoB npoAyKTaMH, o4exr4ofi, o6yBbx), HO lr .u,an Kpbrr[y Anfl AenTenbHocTH peBoJInqI{OHHbrx naprnfi. K oxrc6prc lg07 r. B <cox)Be> 6uuo 8,b rhrc. qJrenon, 5 rreKapeH, 19 .naaor, BbnrrJro 8 uoMepos x(vpnana <Tpyxoeofi cons> noA peAaKqnefi B. A. llocce. Xyp"a.n 6Ha nocpcrqeH Koonepaq[[.

Ko_oneparun cHllxaJr qeHbr, qeM H pa3lspr{Jr roproBqee. OHn 3acbrnaru nonnrlnn AoHocaMH, r{ HM yAaJlocb ra|(n BH3Barr ydblrxu H pa3Aopbr. fasera qepHocoreHr{eB <Pyccxoe gHaMfl> o6nnncra npaBneHue <con3a> B crpeMJreHHrr (3aMeHnrb co6oro pae6ofinnvuft Coner pa6ovnx 4enyraroB>, Koropbrft yxe 6ua paorpoMnen, n roJrKHyrb <nocnyrxnHx pa6ovux na 6ofinro>, Aadbr <KpoBbro ll-glo6oro Mexqy= co6on xp[crfiqH 4o6nrrcn enpeficxoro paBHo[paBlls>. r5 C.fleAosarerr Oxpanxn H. H. Xe,qeHoe sussfin nonynspHocrb cpeAn pa6o.ulx KoMMyHncrr{qecKrrx HAefi B. A. llocce, .nexqnft, c KoropbtMl{ oH e3A}tJr no Poccull. BHsoA )I(e4enona rJracnJr: or <Tpy4onoro co[o3a> Moxno o)K[Aarb qTo yroAHo, (or MltpHofi nponanaHAbr Ao BoeHHoro Mqrexa, BO,Op-yx(eHHOfO BOCCTaHVfl rr OrAerbHbrx reppopHcrr.tqecKnx y6nficrn BKJIloqfiTeflbHo.> l6 Koneuno, sro 6r,uto- rtpo0ecciloHaJrbHoe HarHeTaHr{e cTpaxoB, Ho Mr{Hr,tcrp BHyTpeHHr{x Aen n. A. Cro.lunnn BocnoJlb3oBaflcc cBor.rM npaBoM BaKpbrrb 6es o6rscHesnfi xooneparnB. C 4era6pn 1909 r. B. A.[Iocce n3AaBan <<Xrsnb rrfl Bcex>. B rxypHale neqaraJrncb Jt. H. Tolcrofi. E. H. gupr{KoB, M. foprxnfi, A. _q. Henepon, H. f. OpeH6ypr, n {roJrr.rrr.rqecKoM orAeJre

M. B. Hooopyccrnfi, coqr.ra.n-4e-

- (6e,nrcxnfi), B. O. Ilelep6avm MoKparbr A. n. [IrHxenrq

(Jlennqxnfi), O. A. Jlunxnn (rleperannn), pa6ovuri orle.n

Ben Ao cBoero apecra A. K. facrer (3opun), 6ece4u o ca180

Moo6pa3oBaHHn

- H. A. Py6axuH, o6 ncrycctng;

I'1. E.

PennH. I{enaypa rpecneAoBaJla neqarnoe cJIoBo B. A. IIocce. ApecroBaHH n yH[qroxeHbl MHorI{e HoMepa n3/,aBaemofi unr s 1906-19i3 rr. <6n6auotexn pa6ouero>. Blacrr paoApaxann ero crarbu' BbIcrynJIeHHR Ha I Bcepoccttfrcxom

KooneparuBHoM ctesAe, I Bcepoccnficxotvt cbe3Ae no 6opt' 6e c nisucrrom, II BcepoccuftcxoM cbe3Ae I'tMeHu Vlnuncroro npeAcrasurerefi o6rqects BocnoMoll{ecrBoBaHl'lr JI}IIIaM

yqr,rrerbcKoro aBaHur. Buecrc c A. O. I(onu, -H. O. JIoc' irnm, JI. I,l. IIerpaxuIlKHM oH npenoAanal pa6ounu n [Ie'

tep6yrcxou HapoAHoM yHtrBepcnrere. I / Oparopa B. A. llocce orJll{qaru yAaqnble, excKypcH B r,rcropr{p, Jlnreparypy, QnaocoQnrc, ernorpa$uro' MerKne rl[rarbl, np[eMbl peqH, xapaKTepHHe AJIf, aABOKaroB H aKrepoB. bH-nrtlel ycrex y pa3Houlepcrnofi ny6.nnxn, oco6en' Ho y MoJIoAexn. llncare.nr Bapl_au llla,nauoB MarbttuKoM cnu-ural JIeKIIltrl B. A. llocce <B qeu cMbIcJI xllsn]t?>, lt oH sanoMHlrJtcfl KaK oAI'IH I'ts npaBeAHHKos XIX crouerllc: <<flocce 6u.rI ceAofi KpacHoqeKnfi crapnx B BeJlbBeronoft xyprKe, paoMaxLIsanquft KoporKIrMIr pyr€Mlr HaA SaranBunM AbrxaH[e BaJIoM xencxofi rI{MHa3n[. Aopon Anfl yrBepxAennn 4o6pa llocce npeAnaran oqenb Mnoro' cJIunlKoM Mnoro Aflc TaKorO nHoro AofMarnKa, KaKHM 6ua q>. 18 3a ocyx4eH[e pasBflSbIBaHHc trlnponofi sofiHbl MrlHllcrp onyrpennxx lea H. A. Maxaaxos 29 cenrn6pn 1914 r. sanperuJr B. A. Ilocce ny6anuHue BblcryrlneHl{fl' yKasaB' qro ror (AonycKaeT BocxBaJIeHHe HeMqeB' nos6yx4aer B_pa:xAy B KoHIIe 1916 r. [r] corosluKaM>. re: 3anpet cHqrr JII{Iub A. llocce na VpaQenpa;rrcKan peBonrlqnq 3acrurna B. Jre. sa qreHneM aexqufi. 1 nrapra oH BepHyJIcl n llerporpa4 I{, paccql{THBag Ha xypHan[cTcKHe cBfl3I'I ll JII{qHOe 3HaKoMcrBo c pyKoBoAHrercMH llerporpa4croro Conera, P€rur{Jr BKJITq[Tbcc B npnHcrhe HMn noJIt{THqecKHx peruennft.

rlro us gToro BbIIIIJIo, qI{TareJIb y3HaeT us ny6luxyeMux

HaMr.r Bocnouunannfi. ,ll,o6annm JIIIIIIb o AoKyMeHrax rex 4uefi, 6epexrno xpaHlrMblx B apxnBe H. A. Ilocce. OHH soe-

Bpautanr K BcrperlaM B. A. [Iocce B peAaKql{u "llqqgciufi llerporpaAcKoro Coneta>, Ha Jlrroscrofi yanqe, lll, c ynoJIHoMoqeHHbIM llcno.txo*ra Cosera B. A. 5on^q-EpyeBUqeM, nocKoJlbKy I{M cocraBJIeHH Il noAnncaHhl.- 9ro n-o-

crocHibtfi nponyCx B. A. Ilocce B rllnorpa$nrc <llsnecrnfi)) or 3 ruapra u yAocroBepeHne ,I\E 83 or 7 mapra Ha npaBo decnpennrcreenHoro BxoAa n Tanpnuecxlrfi Aeopeq. O6a a.oKyMeHra na 6aaxxe <llsBecrnfi>' KaK I{ rperufi, nponl{Baroqnfi .u,onoJrHllreJlsHufi cset Ha xapaKrep noeoAxn B. A. Ilocce Ha rlr: t8l

<7 mapra l9l7

Ilpe4rrsrreJrb eroro yAocroBepennn B,nag,uMnp AnexcaHApoB[q llocce eAer B rop. XaprxoB AJrf, pastficHeHrls rpa)r(AaHaM 3Haqennc peBonKrruonHux co6urufi, nnsreprHyBruilx Huxoraq II, u 4ar nptlsuBa rpaxAaH nop4epxllrarr BpeueHHoe llpannrelrcrno n Coier pa6o,lnx-r'"onAaTCKI|X AenyTaToB.

fpax4annx llocce Be3er c co6ofi H3AaHnfi Conera pa6oqnx rl coJrAarcKnx AenyraroB Auc pacflpocrpaHeHrffl HX B npoBlrHrl[[.

Vnolxouoqeunufi HcnounnrelbHoro Kounrera Conera pa6ounx n conAarcx.Hx /lenyraroB npocnr oKasarb rpax(_ AaHnHy llocce _coAeficrsre B nolyqeHnn 6utera npr"o.o coo6uleHns 4o XaprxoBa, B BanoHe 6ecnepecaAoqHoro ABrr_ xeHI|c.

Vnolsouoqennufi llcnonHnre,nbHoro Komurera BuaA. 6onu-6pyenuv>.

Beororc 1917 r. B. A. Ilocce cosAaJr <Corcs ilMyrrlecrBenHoro n rpyAoBoro paBencrBa> (CI,ITP), xoxrn6prc HMeHo_ nanux fi ct raKx(e l(ouruynncrnqecxofi nafirnefi . Ero nporparrlMa ero nepepa6orannufi B. A. lfocce <Ilpoexr nponerap- nporpaMMbr> cxofi 1903 n. H, KaK orMeqaJr oH. c ieus6exHhrMH_ ycrynKaMn <co6crseHHnqecKouy npeApaccyAxy rpy4ruleficr MaccH>: npeAnaranocb Bo3nanpaxAeHne ea orvyxAaeMoe nMyrr{ecrBo. B ycraae CI{TP qenbxr o6rsslsflacr 6opr6a <Bo uMf, gaMeHH o6u{ecrseHHoro crpor HacHJrHc n HaII(HBH o6ulecrseHuHM crpoeM 6parcrna tl paAocrHofi xu3HH Bcex lt Ka)KAoro. z0 Ero qreHon o6te4,nnn.nn KoMMyHn_ crnqecxfie [AeaJlbr H anTrrMuJlnrap[crcxnfi nnrepuaqxoua_ JIH3M, crpeuJreHue npeKparlrb nofiny. Kar n 6olrurenuxau, uu cnof,crtennu 6uan ynpoqeHnHe, yronltqHHe trpeAcraBnenfic o Bo3Mo)r(Hocrn BbrxoAa Poccllu lls sofiHu. B. A. Itoc_ ce noraraJr, qro oAHocroponHee pasopyx(enfie poccllll sH_ 3oBeT pagopyxeHlre Bo BceM M[pe.2r On orupuro ocyxAaJl odopouuecrBo rr no repMnnoJornu odoponq€B fBJtf,rcf, nopilKeHqeM, crruras: <Jlytue repmaucxufi Mrrp, qeM aurnufi_ cKaf,, aMepnKaHcKaf, HJrtr cnoncKac sofiHar. B sofiHe n o6oponuecrBe oH BnAen-(Mopanbnyro u $nsnqecKyb rn6e;rr pyccxoro HapoAa >.22 3r o orr-oa xHy"nopaxenuecrBo> Jro or nero 6para H Muorrrx crapHx 3HaKoMbtx. Ho c6nrsx;ro c M. foprrnu. <XnsHb Arf, Bcex> HaneqaraJra aHTHBoenHoe BossBaHHe M. foprxoro <HecqacrHbre, noxatefire ce6s!> 23 Co6urun 3-5 ilro.llc BH_oBb Kpyro pasBeJrr nx nyrn.

Pacxpunan nporor[noB K.nnua Carvrrnfa, M. foprxufi n-orn182

Hee Ha3BaJI B. A. fiocce, H. A. Eynnna n xaAera B' A' Maxaaxosa.2a -'-

Onnaxo B. A. Ilocce ne 6ua cropoHHI'IM na6'npAare'nen'r

*oaul.topr". n I'InJIe oH BblcrynaJl s Mocxse c 'rIerqnefi <Tou guaqllre.fibHblx qeiloBeKa HaIIIero BpeMeH[l: H'- H' n. o. KepeHcxnfi, B. lI. JI-enuH)> l't BbI3Bal..6VP.. [ifi;;;;, Hoe HeroAoBaHI,Ie ny6.ntr*tn, Ha3BaB JIeuuHa -xpynHefiuefi dr.rrvoofr coBpeMeHnoctu. C.nyurareJlbHnqa P' Buxnpera <Ton npoSeccopa 6u.l cepreeHblft H oqeHb

".n6**nuna: vBax(nreJlbnufi. f TorAa He oco3naBaJlar KaKI{M MyxecrBeHirii* no.tvnxou 6u;to B re AH'I BbIcrynJIeHI{e npoQeccopa BHe 3aKona il Aonfiocce: nefir Jlennn 6n.n yxe o6rcsneH25 Kax u npex(A,e' )KeH 6urr cKpblBaTbcff n no,qnorle>.

H 3ro' KaK ny6'nuKy non noAcrpanBaJlcs B. A. Ilocce He yBr.rAI{T qHTareJIb ero BocnoMaHanllfr, nopottl eABa He KoH-

qaJrocb caMocyAoM.

lVleuyapn,-oco6enno pacqHraHHble na ny6;tuKaIII'Irc' Bcer,na Hecyr orneqaroK BpeMeHH H Mecra cosAaHug. B Haqa'ne 1930-x rr. B. A. llocce 3arylxeBblBar rperpaAbl'. orAeJIsBurug ero, y6ex4eHnoro KoMMyHI{crar or rlaprlrl{ 6orruresuKoB, r{ He LaJI BHsrHoro o6lccHeHnc npilqnH' MeUaBIII[x eMy npl4Hflrb n non6pe 1917 r. rpeAnox(eHne JI. A. Tpoqxoro r'F{. A. 3anxuHAa crarb corpy,lI.HHKoM Hapxouara HHocrpaHlrblx ' B reAer. auu B. A. llocce paepa6ora,n npnuepnufi ycraB aprerefi H KoMMyH a.ns C[lTP' Koropbli BHAeJI saAaqy AHc B r,rx co3AaHHI{ Ha ceJle coBMecrno c BcepoccnficKl'rM colosoira pa6ovttx I,I KpecrbqH, qbs AecreJbnocrr - 6enoe ncr-

no B Hcropuorpa{nu. Anc pa3roBopa o6 eroru AeJIe

B. A. tlocce c HaqaJIa non6pn nblrarcc Ao6urlcc npfieMa y B. H. Jlennua n CmolsHol't. OAsaKo BoxAb 6oluuenuxon, rro cBrrAerenbcrBy og,nofi I{3 ero ceKperapil' Mapnx Cxpgn26 HuK, rx*qepfl FI. A-. CxpnrnHl{KaryxJloHsilcs or Bcrpeqll- Ona ylxe n r., Kpeule' cocroslacb JtI,Itub B anpeJle 1918 B. [l. JIeHuH nopyquJl A. [I. Pnxoay n C. Il. Cepeae usyql{rb npoeKr xounayn.-8. A. llocce Bo3rJIaBI{,1 OrAel KoJIJIeKTI'!BHHx XO3cficrr Hapxouara seMneAeJII'lc' Ho nocJre noesAKl{ no rySepHncM rl SnaKo[lcrBa c MecrHbIMI'l pyKoBoAI{TeJlsMH 3elrer,tbHLIX KOMIITeTOB CJIO)I(HJI O6qgaHHocrtl' 3aflBUB'

qTO Ha

3roM nocry HyxeH cneqllaJucr-arpapHl'IX. Ho HcrI'IHHbIe

npnrruHbl du.nll r,ny6>xe. B neony6luxosanHofi crarbe rex

-u.sefi os nucafl o BceBo3MoxHbtx napaSl{Taxr 3a[oJIHI'{Blul'lx

.co'BeTcKHe yqpex(,4eriilfl' o (HoBblx cTaHOBbIX I| XaHAapMaxt Koropble, npHKpbIBascb KOMMyHI{3MOM H OnupaccbHa Boopy-

x(eHHyto cltry, Hcrq3aioT rpyAoBylo KpecrbslrcKyrc Maccy>' ''

B-asrycr-e l9l8 r. B BaroHe AnflJloMarl{qecxofi M}IccHu 183

A_Ilocce yexan Ha oKKynHpoBaHHyp HeMrlaMrr Vxpan_ _8.

Hy. l aM, 3a HAeH gTHqeCKOTO KoMMyHrrSMa oH noflaJr B TrcpbMy npn CxoponaAcKoM, cHAeJr cnaqaJra o O4ecce, sa-

TeM B llorrase noAogpeBaJtr{ B HeM raftnoro na_ - BAaxe poArroro KoMncapa.

MocxryoHBepHyJtcc rleuonex nucoxofi u4eu, -conepuleliHo B KoHqe lgtgr. uyxr4ufi Kapbep_ Hbrx ycrpeuJrennfi, oH He crpeMr{ncs r{3BJreqb BHrotr uB cBoux peBonroqHoHHbrx 3acnyr n pa6oraJr B q[TaJI JreKq[r{ Ha Bucurnx KoonepaTr{BHbrx AercKrrx AoMax, Kypcax, <aQuurnue> (n,narnue) lexqnn n 6ecnjarHHe B *.0-y'6"*,'r*ooui, Ka3apMax, BbtcrynaJl Ha A[cnyrax. Eunxrafiurnu nououlnn_ KoM, cexperapeM, opraHn3aropoM .nexqnfi craJra ero xena, fl HHa Ail-e_KcaHApoBHa, ypo)r(eHHafl IIIeQrenl, Aoqb Br.tAHoro AeflreJrr Knencxofi ropo4cxofi AyMbt. *Bepro B crrJry pa3yMa, coBecrn u rsoefi flro6Bu>,-raK B lg20 r. HaAnncaJr oH B noAapoK efi csorc KHr{ry <B cnere pa3yMa r{ coBecrr,r>.

H rso_efi rro6Bn>r- raK B lg20 r. HaArncaJr oH B noAa_ pox eft cBoxr KHnry <B cnere pa3yMa r coBecrn>. Xpynxar, KpacnBas AeByrrrKa, oKoHq[Brrraq c gonorofi MeraJrbx] KJrac_

cuqec_K_yrc rr{MHa3r{ro, yqnracb Ha r,opHAHqecKoM rere KuescKoro yHr{Bepcnrera, Ao ero 3aKpbrrnfl, lleaxy;rn_ xypcax

xyAoxecrBeHHoro cJroBa npr.r TearparbHoM yun;rnqe. -OHa BocnnThrBaJra MJraArrrlx cbtHa H 4ovt B. A. Ilocce u Ha

eno JeKrlncx BbrcTynaJra c qreHHeM JlHrepaTypHbrx npoH3_ seAeHnfi.

IIpn nxo4e cnylxareJrr{ JreKqnn rroJrvqaJrrr Jrr.tcroBKv <8. A. Ilocce: CoserH pa3yMa H cosecrl,tr;. Bor nexoropu6

H3 grHx coBeron: <Cos4anafi ce6e cso6oAy na cnoGoae rcex

H Ka)r(Aoro... Vsaxafi rBopsrqnx 4o6po, Ho Hn nepeA KeM He npeKnoHnficn, n6o npeKnoHeHr{e yinxaer H re6s, H ro_ ro, ,nepeA KeM TbI flpeKnoHqelxrcg... Hanounnafi JrrcAqM, oco6engo AeTflM, To xopoilee, qro oHI{ cAe.naJIIt, r{ To pa_ AocrHoe, qro oHH nepexfiJtn, a He BroHnfi s nx Ayuty, KaK o xyAoM n ropecrHou... rpy_ l:_o:An, (pHsnqecKl|, {!!extr r ynoMuHaur.rc Ar{cb H u yMcrBeHHO, crapascb nponsnecrn '6bJIIIIIe, qeM TbI norpe6leeurr...>> Bofixa, peBoJtnqrs n reppop o6ecqenntn xH3Hb n npn_ Tynfin[r HpaBcrBeHHoe qyBcrBo HapoAa. <pesorroq[onias orfiKa> 6oJrruesnxoB cJryx(Hna [HrepecaM ruraccoroft 6opr6u, HaqeaenHofi na coaAaHr{e HecoBeprxeHHbrM qeroBeKoM

coBeprrrenHoro o6qecrsq. B. A. Ilocce, HarrpornB, crpeMnn_ cc B HecoBepueHnoM-o6rqecrre co3Aarb coBeprxeHHoro qe_ JroBeKa, BHyrrrafl csoficrneHnoe nepeAoBofi poicnftcxofi nu_ reilJrnreHr{Hn crpeMreHne x a6coarcTHbtM MopanbHbrM qen_ HOCTgM, coeA[HsB[Iee paSyM C COBecTbrc AJIC AOCTHXeHUC

Bceodqef, cnpaBeAnHBocrr-. B nAeane B[Aen oH ,u,B[rarerb 184

nporpecca: <Ees uAeara AeftcrsnreJlbHocrb JIHIIIn npoqecc'

c HAeaJroM oHa nporpecc>' B HeM <<co6panu nando,nee gAopoBble n KpenK[e gJleMenrbl 4eficrenreabHocrnr B3grble B

nx Aa.nsnefiuleM pa3Bl{ruu>. a, (qeM spqe cBeT HAeaJIat TeM cKopee AB[](ercc Aefictnntenbnocrb>>.28 CootsercrseHHo I{ TrcAl| ANC HETO AEJIIIJI}TCb HA HPABCTBCHHbTX _ IIbfl )ITI{3TTb coBfla,l{aeT c Aeficrel,|reJlbHocrbrcr 6esnparctneHHblx - orcrarcIq}|x or AeficrrnreJlbHocrl{, il UAeaJIHCTOB - ee onepex(aoIr1nx, )Kr{Bylqnx n.tn 6yayuero ll HcnblrblBarcqux MyKH ero pox(AeHHc. Taxunrn flreaJlficraMn 6uln nocJleAoBare,nn B. A. Ilocce.

OHH cosAasaJln B [Ierporpa4e, Mocxne, Boponexe, Knene, O4ecce <<Corogu pa3yMa I'I coBecrll)) H rIbITaJIIlcb B cBonx cqefirax ocyqecrBrcrb KoMMyHH3M. Ho ux yronl{qecKafl gHeprnq He BbIAepxHBaJIa I',lcnHTaHll[ rocyAapcrBeHHoro <BoeHHoro KoMMyHl{3Ma> H H3Ila. fqefixn 6uctpo pacnaAaJIncb.

B 1923 r. nurepcKoe n3AareJlbcrno <MucJIb> BblnycrllJlo <<BocnounnaHrc B. A. Ilocce (1905-1917 rn.)>. Onu oxBarbrBaJrlt AOQespallcxnft nepnol. o0nqnarbHac peaKqrc

6brfia Kncrofi. Peqegsenr B. Arexcees B x(ypHaJle <<Karopra n ccbIJIKa> ynpeKaJl B. A. Ilocce 3a ro' qro oH <Ko BceM 0THOCHTCq KpI{THqecKH, oT Bcex oTropa)KHBa€TCfl)>r H ytpox<axrqe cnpaIIIHBaJl: <<C xeu oH H 3a Koro?> 2q 3nmon 1924 r. r Tnepu, cl{pf, B rocruHnqe co cJIoMaHnoft uorofi, B. A. Ilocce noAAancc Ha yroBopbl Hnnu Anq*caHA,poBHbr ltpoAoJlxllrr pa6ory HaA BocrIoMHHaHllclun. OH ,u,r,rKroBan efi no naMcrI'I. MHorne pyxonl{cn n AoKyMeHrbI noru6.nn B orHe rpaxAancKofr eorluu. Paculnpennufi napr{aHr BocnoMl{HaHr.rfi <Mofi xHgHeHHbIft nyrb: Aope^ng{Ioquosnufr nepuoA (1364-1917 rr.)> yBHAefl cBer B 1929 r.

B HsAareJlbciee u3eMnr u Sa6pNxa>. B npe4nclonuu x nefi elrAHufi 6o.nrureskx I{ tlcropHK peBonnqnn B. H. Hescxuft flr.rcaJr o B. A. llocce: <<On mnoro BhAeJI I{ 3Haer. On unoro AeficrsoBaJl, crpaAaJl' JIn6I{JI H HeHaBI'IAeJIt oH IIIeJI BMe,cre c rpyAfluILIMLICs, HO OH IIeJI KaK TlrnlIqHufi pyccxr',Ift r{HreJIJInreHT, np}IeMJlloqnfi n To,ncroro u Kponorrnna,-6epyqnfi y ll.rexaiosa H y aHap{HcroB' noKJloHsloqnficn MapKcy H ero nporIrBHHKaM)). 30 fopnuo npHBercrBoBaJI BbIxoA KHr.rrH MeHbIrIeB[K, ttcrop[IK E. H. Hnxo,laeecxltfi, rarxte

orMerI{BIIIHft s <I(aropne }I ccblJtKe> crpeM-JIeHI'Ie B. A. llocce <<rI,o6uru> B noJIHTI{Ke MHoroe H MHor[x>' ero TflroTeHl{e K aHapxo-cI{HAl{KaJI[3My H Ml{pHoMy KyJlbTypHnqecKoMy anapxnsuy. et

*Hcxp-enne paAylocb ycflexy Baurux BocnoMHHaHHfi..,rr{carr ri JIosaHHu- 2l mas 1930 r. H. A. Py6aKI{H'- rlpes185

BhrqafiHo xa.Een o roM, qro Konrla Baurnx nocnomnnanufi

He floflBnJrocb>. 32 I,I B. A. Ilocce npoAoJrxruJr pa6ory, pacwr-

psq naHopauy co6urnfi u ruq, npeAeJrbno caMopacKpbrBaflcb s u[qHofi xr.t3Hr.r. B 1933 r. B KooneparnBHoM <I,ls4are.nlcrBe nucareJrefi n JlenuHrpaAe)) BbrrueJr neprufi roM KHHrrt <Il-epexuroe n [poAyMaHHoe> <Mo.loAocrr (1864 - ,1I,. BoHu-Epyennua, 4u1894)>. lg.au xe, ro npocr6e B. peKropa llncruryra muporofi nr{reparypbt uru. M. Ioprroro, B. A. Ilocce nepeAan B apxr{B r{Hcrr.rryra 2BZ nucem r neuy A. [I. tlexona, JI. H. An4peena, l'. l'aynrmaHa n Apyrux nncareaefi.

Iloore4nne roAbr xnsnn B. A. Ilocce 6Hflu orMeqeHbr 3HaKaMrr npn3HaHnc ero BacJryr: c 1930 r. oH nepconaJrbnufi nencnonep PCOCP, c lg34 r. s lgBZ r. no-CCCP, JyqHJ KBaprnpy s AoMe cneqr{aJrncroB Ha Jlecnou npocneKTe, rAe coceAqMr{ cTaJrr{ yqeHble, xy/toxHl{Kn, aprr.tcrH, nr{careJrn, cpeAn Koropbtx crapufi sHaxoMufi A. H. Kynpxn.

Bneurue sce 6HJo 6uaronoayuHo, Ho npeKparnnncr ny6,nnKaIIHH BocnoMr.rHaHufi n s 1937 r.- <aoH[rHbre> JreKqHH, AaBHo sanpeqanocb Aa)t(e npor.r3HocHrb cJroBo <Ayrxa>. ue C,na6e.no 3AopoBbe. lloc.ne4uee BbrcrynJreHne cocrGcJrocb 22 orrn6pn 1938 r. no npr{tJrarrreHllrc rraxMarucra M. M. EorsrHHrxa r l(.ny6e yqeHbrx s JIecHon Ha Beqepe naMcrx JI. H. Tolcroro. B ror ro4 n Mnncxe penpeccrpona;rn .nn6nMono cbrHa B. A. [Iocce, Cepree, pyKoBoAnre.rrff MecrHoro Hcrnapra. On ymep B TopbMe or ns6neHnfi Ha Ao[pocax. EJrrlsxne cKphIJrH 9To or orrla, onacaccb Ba ero xneHr. 2l orrn6pn lg40 n. Bna4uunp Alercan4ponnv cKoHqaJrcf,. Iloxopolll.ruu ero ua JInrepaHcKoM orAeJreHur{ BoJrxoscxoro rlaA6ur{a, pcAoM c nropofi cynpyrofi n roBapHqeM no 6opb6e A,numofi HuxouaesHofi Eopruan (cecrpofi_ r.nanu Tonapuulecma <Xopx EopuaH>), -ymepuefi r 1919 r.

Bocxuulenne BhraHBaer caMoorBepxeHnocrb Hnnu AlexcaHApoBHbI IIocce, nocBflTr,tB[refi xHsHn coxpaHeHnr,o naMqrH Myxa. B 6.noxa4y JleHunrpa4a oHa c6eper,la eno pyxonncll, AoKyMeHrbr, Qororparpnn, n[cbMa, aQnrun lexqufi, xypHanbr rr KH[rrr. B qacu noe4yunofi rpeBorn oHa yHocIrJIa B 6ou6oy6exnqe qeMoAaHqlrK c rlennefiuefi qacirn ?_px!Ba. Eu.nn rau n nucbMa A. Ee6e.nn, K. Kayrcxoro, H. A. Py6axuna. llx oHa nepeAaaa n lgbS r. s H-Hcrrrvr qyccxofi Jrr{reparypbr (Ilyurxnncxnfi AoM). Hune Hrfa A.rercangpoBHa neHciloHep, BerepaH Corosa rearpaJrbHbIx AeflTeJrefi. B-erona roAy efi ncnoJrHflercs g0 ter. lls4are;lrcrno <Xy4oxrecrnenHaq Jrr{reparypa> Ha ncxoAe xpyrqeBcxofi orreneJrn roroBuno nepe[3AaHne nepBoro 186

roMa <llepe)Knroro n npoAyMaHnoro> B. A. llocce, Ho B 6pexneecxue roAbl pyKonl{cb JIerJIa B apxuB. Ilnrare.nr ne Br{AeJr noJrHoro reKcra grl{x Bocnomnnanufi, <JlnreparypHbIe noprperH> r{ Apyr[e coqtlneHnc B. A. llocce, spKo orpa3r{Burne repnlrcrbtfi nyru poccnftcxoro I{HTeJIrHreHra B noHcKax l{cTHHbl.

illpe4laraeM BaIxeMy BHIIMaHHn qacrb Heony6.lnxonaxHoro Broporo roMa BocnoMltHaHufi B. A. llocce <Mofi xneHeHnufi nyrb>. Ero pyronncb xpaH[rcc B rHqHoM apxune H. A. fiocce n npeAcraBrcer co6orc MalulrHonncb c pyKonucaofi, qepHlrnaMu, nparrofi r{ BcraBKaM[, cAeJIaHHbIMI{ pyrofi B. A. Ilocce, a raKxe noA ero AI{KroBKy H. A. [Iocce. Bornuofi o6teu pyKorruch H orpaHnqeHHble Bo3Mox(Hocru aJrblraHaxa BHHyxAaJIH npu6ernyrs K coKpaqennflM 3a cqer BTopocrerreHHblx gnr.I3oAoB, crarefi B. A. Ilocce u nporpaMMHbrx AoKyMeHroB CoIosa [MyrrlecrBeHHoro n rpyAoBOro paBeHcTBa, KOTOpbre B opr{nr{Hane BKIrcqeHbI noqTH noJruocrbn, Ho 6u.nn yxe ony6,rHKoBaHbI n 1917 r., a raKlre onncanNc co6blrnfi c qy)Kux cJroB, npeuauue HerorlHocrflMH. Bce corpauleHr,re He Hoccr reHAenrlrrogHoro cMblcJro-

Boro xapaKrepa l,t He r{cKaxaror o6qee npeAcraBJreHr{e o BocrroMHtaHusx B. A. llocce. B ny6anxaqnn Bce coKparqeHr.rc orMeqeHhr 3HaKoM (...). IloasanoJroBoK ny6anxaqun AaH HAMl{.

Ha4eeucR, qro gHaKoMcrBo ql{Tarenr c paHee Her.r3BecrHbrMH BocnoMHHaHuflMN B. A. Ilocce pacurnplrr npeAcraB-

JIeHng n 3HaHr{fl o6 yuacrnu HHTeJrJrHreHrI}rH B peBonnqn}t r{ rroMoxer Bo3po)KAeHr{n B naMf,Tn o6qecrna He3acnyxenHo sa6brrono HMeHil.

I Hexoropr,re ltcrop]iKlr x(ypnaJrr.rcrnKu Aaxe ccbrJrarorcfl Ha orcyrcrBr.re s Eo,'ruofi cosercxoft gHrlr{KJronerurr crarbr.r o B. A. flocce s aoKa3arerbcrso qr(o6H He3Haq,lTe"'rbHocTIt

efo r'rljqHocrr.r rI aeflTeJrbrrocrn. cru.:

Kap,'rora T. C. K. 9yroacxnfi

H rrureparyp- )KypHarrncr Hufi KpnrHK. Kasagr,, 1988.

C. I18. floApo6nee o K. A. llocce - npnMeqaurre <60> K BocnoMIrHaHHflM. ' II|I.IAJI. O. 139. On. l. [.7403. IL I-4;3nusKr'roneAnqecKrrfi c.ronapr Q. A. Eporraysa u L7. A. EQpo-

sa. ,Ilonornurenrsut? r. 2. CII6., 1906. C. 462; llocce B. A.

Morl xusueHnbrft nyrb: 4openo.nrcqnounutt nepttoA (1864-1917 rn.). M.; Il., 1929. C. 39-44.

3 Ha xo.nepe. M., 1896. lll c. aJlnrepatypoee4r'I qacro npunacblBalor rJIaBHyto

ponb B <<Xugsu> M. foprrouy, Ho oH He Mor ee urparb yxe noroMy, qro 3a BpeMfl H3AaHI'Ifl >KypHaJIa JIIIUIT) ABa)KAbI no6usar a flerep6ypre u npo6sr,r rana g o6uefi crroxFrocrr.r rrorrropa ruecdud:' 29 ceirtpn -22 oxra6pa xug1899 r. a 19 $eopa"'u-8llapra 1901 r.-Jleronncr, Hr rr rBopqecisa A. M. foprxoro. Bun. L 1888-1907.

187

M., 1958. C. 24A-249,300-304. Des.uorasarenbHbr r.t ronHrru o6tqcHut saKpbrrve <XusHH> pesorroquoHuorl Aerre,'rbHocrbro M. foprxoro nu6o ony6luforaHuerra n ueft

ero <<flecuu o Eyperecruuxe>.- Cu. HanprrMep: Kpar-

Kafl JrnreparypHar sHqrrKnotreAur. T. 2. M., 1964. Crn6.

937. <He ra vltn Apyrar crarbr noBeJra K Kape, a OaKr apecTa MHorux__coTpyAHI.tKoB sToro x{ypHa,'ra B anpene sroro roa^a).-Hcxpa. 1901. Nb 6. ;qyirira.tl 6u,r sarpur

8 urcss l90l r. tto perxeHr.rrc coBerlaHnr qerbrDex Mltulrcrpog-n. C. CunnrrHa, K. lI. flo6eaoHocqeBa. H. B. MvpaBbeBa u fI. C. BaHuoscroro.- U|HA CCCP. O. 77-6.

On. l. A. 34. JI. 9-15. u floApo6uee cu.: 9epnnea B. IO. <XpoHura pa6oqlrx sorHeul.rfi H craqeK> HenerarbHoro xvpHana <<XlrsHb> lr ee co3Aare,rr.r f. A. Kyx;ruu u B. A. fiocce /l pa6oqee ABHr{eHHe s Poccnu 1895-1904 rr.C6. crarefi u MarepuarroB. M., 1988. C. 170-195.

6 @onA Boltsofi pyccxori lpeccbr ocHoBaH s 1891 r. r Jlon.qoHe C. M. Crennaxonr-l(paruuucr<nu, H. B. gafiKoBcKtrM, .II. 3. llluruxo, @. B. Bo;rxoscxlrl.r u M. Bofiuuueu (H. I(u,rrvencrurr,r) . Vs1asar fi pacnpocrpaHrJ'r B Poccuu coqnuesur A. 14.'lepueua, C. M. CrenHsria-KpasqaHcKoro, B. f.-I(opo,reHxo, l. B. flnexaHosa, B. 3hcyrnrr, nepeBoAu K._Maprca u (D. Suremca, r{ MHoroe Apyroe. Bunycra,r <.Ileryuue ,rucrKn>. B l90l r. npeKparnn AEflTEJIbHOCTb,

7 Jleuuucrnfi c6opurx. T. 3. M.; 1925. C. 440: T. 4. C. 212; trleuun B. 14. "rI., Io.nu. co6p. cou., T. 46. C. 2l!,,239t 249, 260-261; tlepuaer B. IO. <.XpoTarrr xe.

HHKa...> C. 185-187.

s Bocnounsasss B. A. llocce (1905-1917 rr.). flr.,

1923. Hueercs B Br.rAy Br,rcryn,'reHHe f.

B. fl.irexanosa s xeHeBcKoM 3a.rre <<Xau,laepr>> 3l oxra6pa 1902 r. e peQepary B. 14. Jleutua <<Ha conpeMeHnbre npeHlrrx reMr,f

-no . (Oruoruenun c.-A. u c.-p.) >.- B,na4nr'lnp V$,tt r

.IIeHnH. Euorp. xpounxa.

T. I. M., 1970. C. 414.

-f.

K y x.rr-lr H A. Id'leu <<Xugsrl>. Crpauuua u3 lrcro' pfir. peBoJrroquossofi nesarlr. fleuena, 1904. C. 20-23.

r0 loprrufi M. Co6p. co,r. B 30-rlr rolrax. T. 28.

M.. 1954. C. 231. ,t floApo6see cM.:

r{epunen B. IO <Xpontrxa...> c. 177-178, t94.

12 II o c c e B. A. Teopua H npaKrnKa npoJrerapcKoro "

couua,'ru3Ma. Xenesa, I905: 951 c.

13 <<f coguarc Terrepb, rrro B gTrrx npeAnn.{enuax 6n,'ro MHoro yronuqecKoro, Ho Moq yronnr 6u,ra yronr.reii KorlrMyHr.rcrHqecxori...>

Ilocce B. A. Mofi xugHesuurl

nyru. C. 333. r{ O Aesre,rluocru <TpyAoBoro coro3a> crra.: IlfI,lAJI. o. 569. On. 13. [.22 r: flocce B. A. Mofi xgsueuHr,rfi nyrr. C. 427-440. Hcropux aHapxH3Ma C. H. Kanee cqu-

raer B. A. flocce oAHuM lr3 HAeoJrofoB aHapxo-cr.rHAriKas BnAlr B <TpyAoaorr,r coro3e) crpeulenue flocce

.rru3Ma

coeAuHllTb CHH,(HKaJI}i3M C KOOnepaT[BHtIM ABI]XeHLIeI!!.-

Kanes C. H. Pesorroqna u auapiusu. lls ucropnn 6opr6u pesonroquoHHbrx AeMor{paroB r.t 6onsuregrros nporriB auapxu3Ma (1840-1917 rr.). M., 1987. C. 233. K.-Ea.nr88

AlrH onpeAedrr.ser uAeu B. A. flocce rar xooneparuauufi peQoptrlnerrr.- DanAuu.

-l(, lTpyaolori cotos> ll

trle:ouu-

rpaAcKafl nauopaMa. 1990. Ne 8. C. 32. Ha uaru B3r,'tfll, AeflreJlbHocrb B. A. flocce s <,TpyAoBoM co!o3e> nporeKa,ra B pa3Burae uAeft ero <.llpoexra flponerapcKoii nporpaMMbr> 1903 r.

15 Pyccroe sHaMs. 1907. 30 Hrcss.

'6 Ull4A,II. O. 569. On. 13. [. 22 r. JI. 510. Xeaenoe Hnxoraft Huxolaeguq 6u.n ue ro,'I[,Ko q[HoBHHKoM Oxpanxoro orAe,'IeHus, Ho I.I BITAHbTM qepHocoreHllelil:

npeAceAarenerra o6utecrea <<tr4syveHue I,IyAeftcxoro n,relteHrr>, Koropoe 3atBJ'rtr'Io ceoeii qelrlo <<BcecropoHee u3yqeHHe Bcex BpeAHbIx KaqecTB gTofo rIJIeMeHIl, ero 3"1oKaqecrseHHofi pe,'rar[l{ BHyTpeIJHI'tx 3aKoHoB>; LI I{3Aa-

Ii t7 JIeirrvHa-Cnupcxas B. P. Pyccxaa uure,r,'rureHur{t e 1900-1917 roAax. M., 1981. C. 70.

18 III a,r a ra o e B. tlerrepraa Bo.rror,n,a // Haue uaTeJreM ta3erbl <<lpoaa>.

c.rerne. 1988. Nb 3. C. 60. re IJ,rpxy,rapuat reJlerpaMMa MaHltcrpa BHyrpeHHI.D( :e,r H. A. MaxJrarosa ry6epnaropaM or 29 cenrn6pn

l9l4 r. Ie 9l // II|I'IAJI. O. 5Og. On. 13. [.22a. il.88.

20 fI o c c e B. A. Or KanararusMa K KoMMyHIt3My. IIr., 1917. C. 55, 57, 63.

2r Il o c c e B. Boesat rn Poccuu c fepuanueri // Xngur Anfl Bcex. 1917. M 5 (uafl). C. 609.

22 flocce B. Cosect H Brracrb. BofiHa n MAp ll Tau xe. N 7-9 (uto,nr-ceurn6pr). C. 609.

4 parn 1930, Coppenro // flepenucxa M. foprxoro. T. 2.

M.. 1986. C. 290.

2s BtlxupeBa P. Kax t yqllracb no,urrparraore // Koucorr,rolrcxas npaBAa. 1987. 23 oxra6pa.

26 CxounHux M. BocnouusaHss, o6 I'l,rrnqe (1917-l9l-8). M., 1965. C. 19. Ilepeuu nopyqeulreM B. H. Jlenuna M. H. Crpunnnr 6ulo neperonopl'Irb no releQony c B. A. flocce n BblficHlrrb, <<Her JIH Tyr nyc' rofi Qaurasus>. <<B ero npHcyrcrslrn s cso6o.lFo BeJIa pasnoBop c flocce. flpncyrcraue l,7'rruqa He crecus.Ilo, 23 Xueur Ant Bcex. 1917. Nb (uafi). C. 531-534.

24 opbKnn V. A. fpysa,eay, 18-19 Sen-

M. f

Hao6opor, gacraB,'IsJlo 6tlcrpo coo6paxart I't Ae,loBlrro craBnrb Bolrpocbl). (Tau xe. C. l9-20) .

27 fIoc'ce B. A. t{erupe nyrll B rorvtuf itucruuecrufi H. A. flocce. crpoft - 28llfI Apxun oc c e B. A. llAea;ru Koonepaqr.iu. IIr., 1918.

c. 3-4.

2s Karopra lI ccblrlKa. 1923. Ks. 7. C.296.

30

flocce B. A. Mofi xrsuelruuft nyrr. C. III.

3r Karopra H ccblrlKa. 1930. Ks. 2(63). C. 194-196.

32 Apxus H. A. flocce.

1917 FOA: OT QEBPAJIfl AO BPECTA V <<XrisHlI AJrfl Bcex>), ocHoBaHHoii MHoIo B 1909 ro4y, 6H.[H csqgu c couHaa-AeMoKparI.IqecKI.IMIl opraHu3aql'IqMu

llerporpaga. OAIIn H3 coquaJl-AeMoKparHr{ecKI'Ix noAnoJlb-

uIrrKoB,- x{r{BrrrHft TIo [acnopry BacI.IrHfl AHApeeBIrrIa AHr89

.[,peeBa, c,'IyxIiJ'I B Haueri KoHTope. B pe4arquro qacro 3a-

xoAuirlr naprnfinue rr npocro co3HareJrbHue pa6ouue. Ans

Hac yxe B KoHrIe 1916 roaa 6rr,ro xcno, qro peBorroquoHHoe Bbrcryn,'reHHe rrerporpaAcKoro rrpoJrerapr.rara Heus6exHo e 6,'rfixaiirupre Mecquu. Xore;rocb 3Harb, KaK HacrpoeHa npoBuHr{lrfl. BocnorreosaBrrrncb oruenoft ganpeureHnfl. .uLrrarb JreKrIHLr, r B flHBape l9l7 roaa orrrpaBr.rncfl B JreKr{r{oHHyro noe3AKy. llpouen HecKo,'rbKo .nexqHft o Mocrae, r4e r\ron JreKrIHu 6amu ltoA saflperoM co BpeMenr,r <<KpaMoJrb-

uoft> peuu Ha [epBoM KoolleparrrBHoM cr,e3Ael, T. e. B Te-

qeHl.{e I .ner. flpoue,r HecKorrbKo .nexqnfi n Bopouexe, a

3areM orrrpaBnJcfl ua Vpa,r. B fleprun flp]rcyrcrBoBa,rr Ha Kooneparr.rBHoM cbe3Ae ceBepo-BocrorrHbrx ry6epHurl 2. Ha saKpbrroM 3aceAaHr{u npor.{3uec peqb, B xoropoft, B orBer Ha yrrpeKr.r llerporpagy sa ero oropBaHHocrb or )Kr{3Hr{ Pocclut, t BbIcKa3aJr yBepeHHocrb, qro He ceroAHg-gaBTpa Ilerporpa4 nepeBepHer xr.r3Hb sceii PoccHs. Moe npeAcKasaHne 6u.no nucnyuaHo c HpoHHrrecKI4M cMerrrKoM. I4s fleprrara noexaJr n Exarepnu6ypr, r4e MoH ,'reKurrn ycrpansana peAaKrlilq oAHoit H3 MecrHbrx fa3er 3. MoH nepBbre JIeKuHr{ o6parn,rn sa ce6s [oAo3pnTeJrbnoe BHI{Ma-

Hr.re Mecruofi n.nacrH, r.r orBercrBeuuufi ycrpoaTe"rrb r.rx npocr4Jr lteur, uro6br nocJreAHroro JreKrIEn Ha reMy <,[ynra My]Kq[-

fl

Hbr>>, Ha3HaqeuHyn na 25 Qeapa.nr, lpoqen BosMox(Ho ocro-

pox(Hee, so as6exaHlle noBTopeHnfl capanyJrrcxoft Hcropnu 4.

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croftxnft, npae4unufi II orglilBql{sblfi Ha rope KaxAoro. flossr,urncl y MeHff Apysbt MHe HeBeAourre. Ha Apyrofi AeHb noc,'re cl{HatorcKofi peun fl ryJIflJI qo CurraQeponoJllo saAyMrruBbrft, pacceannuft. Bapyr rlyBcrBylo, qm Kro-ro cbaAr.r KJraAer pyKy Ha Moe IIJIeqo H II,eJIyer B uleKy. uoolauranarccr v BI.rxy craporo eBpefl c ceAofi.6opo4oii H cJIesrrlrltlMncr rJrasaMv. Cuyuleuno 6opnaougr'c.noea 6;larog,ap, ;, l. ,, ..H,oclrr 3a Mon BqepauIHIoIo perlb. ' B CeeacroloJre q. Bbrcrynar c peuarra4 n0 Asa, IIo rpLI ,

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pa3a B AeHb 32. Eu.ln .texquw, 6wnu H MxrEHrH. Ha unTr{Hrax 6u.nu noqrr.r HcKJrroqr.{TeJrbHo Marpocbr. ffinnorl, s4opotr,rft, xpaclrnuft n yuuuir napoa! Ho y ugorux nua_ TpocoB sAecb B ro BpeMfl ornoruenr{e x sofiHe 6sl.lro nsoe.

J-eu y coJrAar n flerporpa4e, Xaprroee H Exarepuuoc.,raee.

V uux etrle He cospeJro [oHHMaHr{e eroft eoftHH KaK aHrHHapo4uofi, uecnpane4"nunofi. CesacrouofibcKr{e Marpocbr 6wnu-eqe [porr.rB Mrlpa Bo rrro 6u ro HH craJro. Cileau Htlx 6o,rturtrM BJIHgHTieM noJlbgoBaJrcfl Marpoc Earxuu, arllrupoBaBruafi sa nofiHy Ao no6eAsoro KoHua 83. HHue Mer{TaJrr{ Aa)Ke o .II,ap4aHen;r,ax. Mnorne Bepr.rJrH B peBoJrror(HoHHocrb KoMaHAyroulero LIepHouopcKr.rM e.norou- Kor.raK_a, npnKa3aBrlrero noAHqrb Ha cyAax KpacHble e,rarn 3a. qro

Ho uyecrnoBaJrocb, y MarpocoB 9ro rrarpr{or[qecKoe HacrpoeHue Moxer Kpyro rroBepHyrbcq s 6o.ntueBucrcKoe. B csoux BblcrynJrenHfl,x fr, He afHTHpoBaJr 3a HeMeAJreH-

nuir unp c fepuauueft, a crapancs nurul npo6y4lrrr xpu-

TuqecKoe orHolrreHr.re K AoBoAaM <<narplloroB> n o6opoH-6ulrl uen. OQur{epbr MorrMr.r BbrcrylJreHusrrln HeAosonbHH. Cpe4u .oQuuepoo BbrAeJrrJrcfl noAnoJrKoBHrax A. 14. Bepxoscxuli, B[ocJreAcrBHI{ BoeHHbIfi nrnuucrp 35. V Hero xo MHe orHolrreHae 6tr,ro, [o-BHAr.rMoMy, xopouee, Ho oH Bce

xe 6oq,tcs, trro s cBorlMll cJroBaMI.t Mory rloAopBarb Al{c-

qun"rr-rHy; yr{a3aJr MHe Ha 9TO HeCr{O.nbKO HepBHO, HO BIOJI_ He KOppeKrHO. Eqe lo [oesAKl{ Ha rof ilepeAo lanoft scran Bonpoc, ocraBarbcfl Jrr{ MHe oHenapruiiHbrM HJrLI BcrynuTb B col{uaJrAeMoKparHrrecKyro ttaprr.rto, npr.rMKHyB x ee 6oltrueBr.rcrcKoMy KpbrJry. Tor4a fl per[]r/'r Bcryrrnrb B rraprnro H Aaxe HanHcaJr o6 erou rrncbMo B peAaKqnto <<HeseaTuft> Cosera

pa6ouux Ae[yraroB c npocl6on ony6nnxonart ero. Bnno,'rnurb ueo6xo4nnaue Qopr,,ra.nlHoc?H AJrfl BcryrrJreHr{ff B naprnro s He ycneJr, roponflcb n Xaplxon, r4e 6ulu yxe

opfaHr{soBagbr H HagHaqegbr MoH JreKrrur.r. flo nosspaueHaN n llerep6ypr H Ha ocHoBaHHH BneqarJreHuft, no.rryveuuux Bo BpeMq noes-AKr.r u 6eceA c pa6ovnivu-r, rpynflnpoBaBrrrn_ Mlrcs oKoJro <<)(usHu AJrs Bcex>>, BbrHy)KAeH 6un nepecmor-

perb cBoe perrjeHHe o BCrynJreHHu B napTHro. .B ro eperr,rfl noA o6ulllu HassaHNeM ll o6qefi flpofpaM_ Ivrorl oxecroqeHno 6opo.rrcn qe;ruft psA BpaxAe6urlx ]1pyr Apyry Qpaxqnfi. EAuseHNn He 6u;ro aaxe y 6o;rrruenuxb-n.

Cauoe cJroBo coquan-AeMoKparuff du.no yxe AocraroqHo sarprsueHo H onJreBaHo. flporpauua ycrapeJra. MHorue oo3HareJlbHbre, peBoJIIorIHoHHo HacrpoeHnbre pa6o.rne u coJIAarbI, pagAetflBluue uon o6ulecrBegHo_[oJrHTHqecK[e BStJtflAb[, H cJIbI[raTb He xoTenH o BcTynJIeHHH B rrapTr{Io 202

il HacTaHBaJIn Ha o6pa3oBaHnH caMocroflrenbHofi opra-B HLT3aULIH C npocrblM, MaccaM noHgTHbIM Ha3BaHIIeM'

KOTOpOM AO II3BeCTHOfi Cre[eHH oTpaxaJlacb 6bl Haua

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rpaM;a. Bor .Iro no6yAI'r.no MeHt orKa3arbcq or Bcry[JIe' Hns s uaprlrlo II BMecre c rpynnon Molrx eAIIHOMbIIIJIeHHIrKoB, no 6o.nlueft qactn pa6outlx ll coJIAar' ocHoBarb Cons ulryulecrBeHHofo Ir rpyAoBoro paBeHcrBa, HJIll, KaK on o6uxnoBenHo Ha3bIBaJIct, Corcs rpyaoBoro paBencrBa' 3ro peurenue 6u.no npllHfro MHoIo nocJle AoJltoro pa3AvMbq. flouHto, KaK pa3 B AHII pa3AyMbfl t rloue"I Ha Mofixy n <llpan,uy>> c npeAJloxenneM lloMecrllrb MoIo 3aMerKv o fl.nexauose. MHe Ka3aJlocb oqenb IIoJIe3HbIM B orsei ua xsa,re6HHe rI{MHbI, Koropble 6ypxyasuue faseTbr neJIIt lllexanony 3a ero rlarpl'lorll3M' 3a ero npH3bIBbI

x softHe Ao no6eAuono KoHIIa' HanoMHI'ITb ro' lITo mBopHJI flnexaHos g 1893 roAy Ha I{rcpuxcxou KoHrpecce o rpflAyulefi softue MexAy fepuaHHeil u Poccueft B colo3e c OpaHuueft. (...) Bocroprarcu I'IHrepHauI'IoHSJILI3MoM H€' MeuKnx couuar'I-AeMoxparon, flnexaHos BHAeJI apyseft pyc' cxoli cso6oAbl Aaxe s HeMeqxofi apMHIt. <<Eclu 6rt ueueq'

Kas apMl{ff,- o6tReHl oH,- nepeuJla Halun rpaHl'lllbl' oHa 6H qinracb KaK ocso6oAl'IreJlbHnqa, noAo6no Qpauuysau HaIUOHaJrbHoto KoHBeHTa, Koropble cro JIer roMy Ha3aA npHIIJJTIt n lepuaHulo H, nBHBIIIUcT no6eAnrerqMl't HaA rocyAapflMu, ttpIlHecJIH cno6o4y HapoAy>. Bor grtl-ro crtoBa flrexaHosa, Bgsrble MHoIo H3 nporoKoJloB KoHrpecca' q n 36.

HarroMI{HaJI g csoefi gaMetKe B peaaxunu <<flpae4u> q 3acra,r AByx cBol{x 4o6pux suarotnlltx,'Il,euuua BeAsoro u Koscrasrusa Crenasogllva Epenaeeea 3?. ,[,eurss EeAsufi, KaK q yx(e ilncaJl' 6bul corpyAHHKOrr4 <<xIISHI.I A,'Is BCeX>), a c EpeueeBblM fl Apyxlr.rr-sa rpauuqeft B roAbl trtoeft aultrpaqnu. Xu.it oH rorAa xenofi r llapuxe no4 Qa*ru.rrneft MeAseAesa co csoefi 38. qacro A. Cau A. f no4pyroft 6u;ra Koropan O.nrrofi, 6usar y Epeneenux B I'Ix MaHcapAHoft xousare c HH3KIIM noroJIKoM, c ue6o.nuullM noJIyKpyrJIbIM oKHoM, 113 Koroporo Moxuo 6u.no rto6osarscR nauopauofi flapnxa.

Epeueenu B ro BpeMs rpaftne HyxAaJlncb, Ho He yHHBaJII'I. .[,,ra 6opr6bl c Me,'tKHMIr KpeAliropauu (x;le6unKoM' MoJIoqHHKoM r.I r. a.) LIM, KaK oHH caMI'I pacKa3bIBaJII{, npnxoAllnocr npu6erarb K BoeHHbIM xl'ITpocrsM. B Anu noJlHoro 6esAeHexbs KpeAuropbl B KoyHary He AonycKaJIHCb' H€; cuorpr Ha ycHJIeHHutl ctyx. B rex cJlyqaflx, KorAa oAHa O.nlra 6u.na Aoua E Hasoftnnsble KpeAI'ITopbI cropox(HflI'I y Anepeft, oxLIAafl flpfixoAa xo3qeB, B oKHo BbIcraBJIflJIacb Merra KaK npeAyflpeAl'Irenrsufi clIrHaJI I't Kosctagrug 203

CrenaHoeHq rrpoAo,ri)Ka.[ rtporynHBa16cq [oKa MeTJra He r{cqe3aJra.

KoHcraHrlls CrenaHos[q He roJrbKo Apyx(H, co usofi, Ho, KaK uHe Ka3aJrocb, H pa3AeJrnr,r MoH b6utecraeHHo_no!'rr{THrrecKrle B3rJrflnbr. flo rpafiueft traepe s 6eceAax Mbr He cnopll.rru, a noAcKa3brBaJrH Apyr Apyry. Z uocle peBoJrro_ uun 1905 roAa' Mbr cHaqaJra ncrpeuanrlc" no44upkn"url, " ao6pu9 orHortreril{q. E_peueenu, MexAy,nporlrtlr, iepeeenu Arfl <<Err6,'urorexu pa6ouero> 6poruroiy tvturro;; .4ft;";t_ -ri, 3s.'

HaI{i.IoHaJ)> Ho grrle Ao saqana sofih; no"ep"n n" oyay. Ve;rrea €perrleeBa 3AopoBbrM H BeceJrunr, " q or{eHb oopaAoBa.'rcfl. uMoTper oH, KaK H s 6burbre BpeMeHa. 3a_ AopHo, 4o6po4yulHo, r.r3o pra Ha 6e;ro6puceuixyrc o6uu_ nanJ{yro 6opoary cBerrrr.rBaJracb Her.r3MeHnar rpy6xa. OAer oH 6u.l no BoeHHoMv. !,euraH Eeassrfr u Epeueen MoeMy npnxoAy, BlrAHMo, o6pa4onanncl s o6eqa,rrfl ttoMecrurl sailr-erxy n 6nxxa6_ IIreM HoMepe. Epeveee AoKa3brBaJr MHe, rrro renepb ocrabarbcr nue naprnftuofi oprauu3ar{r.rfl HeBo3Mo]KHo,- n seo6xo-I,LrMo no sc€M cnopHbrM BonpocaM BbrflBHTb cBoe .nHIIo. f otnerllJr, qro AaneKo He Bce 6cjmruesaxn BbrsBn.nrr

CBOe JILIUO, AaJIeKo He Bce 6ongueBr.rX[ 11O c[opHbrM BonpocaM eHcxasblsaroTcr TaK OrrpeAeJIeHHO r.{ peur.rTeJIbHO, xax Jlesns. Vxagal raKx(e, qro Ao noarpaulenns JIeHusa e Poccllro y 6o;ltuenu3Ma He 6yaer qcHbrx oer*"* o"ua_ ToB Ha xryrrne Bo[pocbr, BbIABEraeMbre peBoJtroquefi. " Cnpa[rHBaJr, KofAa BepHercs JIeHxs. H fierr,rlau E-eAsufi, n Epenreen [ox(HMaJrr{ nJreqaMH rr orBeqar[ HeoflpeAeneuuo. <<Corc3Hr{KH He nDonvcrrr. a exarb vepes fepruaHr.rrc c pa3perrreHxg Bu.nrre;rirr,ri He cos_ ceu y4o6no; Her.rgBecrHo, KaK Ha gro rrocMorDeJru 6u oa_ 6oule, ne no4efi-crByer J'rH Ha Hr.rx ror 6euresuft nofi, xoro_ pufi no4ulrlyr He ronrxo ln6epa.rrr,I pugn*ur", Ho H Bce " M€HbIIICB}lKH, AO HHTCPHAqHOHAJII.TCTOB BKJIIOqHTCJIbHO>.

Ho ece r(e, KaK rr,rHe noxasa.aocr, Epeueen n 4euran -nea_ Hr,iii cx.roHnnnct K ToMy, uro:rpl.r HeBogMoxHocrI.I ttpoexarb nHblM lryreM rrpnAercr Jleuauy exarb vepee f^ep_ MAHHIO.

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ttasBanae Aarto:6u.no efi peaaxrrueft.

6u,1u rpafiae BosMyrrleHb[ gToro 3aMerKoro H s Coser€ paOouri rr_coJrAarcKux Aenyraron 6ul cAe.nan no noBoAy-Hee sarlpoc, B orBeT na'xoropufi JI. D. Kauenee ar nplriec HeqTo m4

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Coros Tpy4oeoro PaeeHcrBa opraHl'l3oBarcq eule Ao npue3Aa Jlesusa, I{ \lbl, corlyBcrByfl re3l{caM .Ileunua, He cqzraJrLI, oAHaKo, Bo3Mox(HbIM c,rlHBarbcfl c 6onruresHctcr<oft Spaxqneft, nora oHa [pI.I3Haer ce6q qacrblo Poccuftcxoft CounaJr-AeMoKparnqecxoii Pa6oqer? llaprltlt lt rpe6yer or cBoux q,IIeHoB BepHocrtl crapoft npofpaMMe, npuuRroli :ra Bropou c6e3Ae. Haur Corcs TpLIHflJI rporpaMMy 6ee Hayuuoro o6octtoBaHI4s', HO 3aTo OT Haqa,Ia AO KOHUa nOHflTHyIO KaXAOMy pa6oueuy Ii Ka)KAoMy KpecrbffHllHy aa. O4Ho apeun pa6o'rue-6orrlueruxu, oep6yr 6ecnaprsftHr,Ix B cBolo 6o;IrureBlrcrcKyro Qpaxqurc, Bce eule IrMeHyeMyIo counan-AeMoxparr.rqecKofi, no.nssonaJll.Icb He ceoefi nporpaMMoft, a nporpauuoft CoIosa TpyAonoro PaseHcrsa. Harua [porpaMMa c nepBbrx )Ke cJIoB 6pa.na 6uxa sa pora.

TeoperuuecKat qacrb ee Haquuaracb qerblpbMt llono]I(CHNqMH:

l. <Bce npLIHaAJIexIlr BceM>.

2. <Ilpano Ha xH3Hb, r. e. Ha pagBI{THe cBol{x AyxoBHbIx 205

Ir olrgnqecKHx cr.rJr, crolrr Bbrue [paBa Ha rracrHyto co6CTBEHHOCTb>.

3. <I(ax4srft, no.trsynquficr nd'roAaMr.r o6qgaH [ocLrJIbHo vr{acrBoBarb B HeM>>.

o6ulero rpyAa,

4. <Hnxarat BJIacrb He AoJIxHa gacraBJlgrb rIeJIoBeKa LrATH nporr.rs sereHuft ero coBecrH H Hapyuarb HpaBcrBeHHbIe gaKoHbI, BanpeIt1atoIllne y6anarr, KJlgcrbct H T. n,>)

B npaxruuecxoft qacrH ua nepnufi [JraH BbrABaraJrocb o6o6Ir1ecrsfleHne Bcex seMeJrb, Qa6pnr, 3aBoAoB, nyreft co-

o6qennR, AoMoB c KBaprupaMr.r AJrfl xuJrbrloB, cKJraAoB roBapoB r{ rIp. O6o6qecrsJreHr{e npeAnoJraraJrocb npon3BecTr{ nyreM nporpeccr.rBHoro nor,rMyqecTBeHHoro HaJrora, xoropuft ocraBJrnJr 6H 6Hsur.rl,r co6crseHHHKaM ne6o;lruoft noxnssenuuft AoxoA. (...) He 6y4y noapo6no ualaram flporpaMMy Harrrero Corc3a, yKaxy roJrbKo, uro 3KcnponpHarluro 9Kc[porrpHaropoB Mbr npeAnor'rarar]rH ocyIIICCTBI{Tb IIYTCM NPOTPCCCHBHOTO HAJIOTA, HHKOMY HE ocraBJrsBlrrero 6oree l0 000 py6.rrefi r.rJru paBHorleHHoro HMyulecrBa.

or

peBoJrroquounofi rnopuecxofi AeqrerbHegasncr.rr\,ro HocTLI, HanpaBJreuHofi sa npoBeAenue B xr.r3Hb BbrrrreyKa-

ganHblx r.rgnaeseunft o6qecrseHHoro crpot, Cona HrrlyurecrBeHHoro u Tpyaonoro PaeeHcrBa craBuJr csoefi rreJrbto 6opr6y c 6espa6oruqeft, upoAoBoJrbcrBeHsofi u xnlnqHofi uyx4ofi, c HeBe)KecrBoM r.r cyeBepuflMn [yreM opraHr.rsaur.ur B3azMonoMouru. On npr.ruuMaJr Mepbr K Bo3MoxHo 6es6oJre3HeHHoMy nepexoAy rrpor{sBoAcrBa Ails. sofiHH K npor.rgBoAcrBy AJrs yAoBJrerBepeH[q Hy)KA MrlpHoro BpeMeHn. OH

cr{HTa.n raKxe Heo6xoAnuuu nosa6ortrbcfl o rou, uto6u pyCCKHe BOLIHbI, B TOM qI{CJIe LI HaxOAqIIIHeCt B nJIeHy, LIHBaJrr.rAbr rr ceMbr.r y6arnx H yMeprxflx se 6u.na o6Aelenrr

npu ycrpoftcrBe pyccKort xusHrl Ha ocHoBax r.rMyurecrBeHHO|O lr rpyAoBoro paBeHcrBa.

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Corcs sear o6reAusurlcfl B eAHHyro opraun3aquto. Cons

I4ttryuecrneHHoro H TpyAoaoro PaseHcrea [peAnoraraJr opraHu3oBarbcn B nu4e Corcsa Corcgos. Bo rrase MecrHbIx corogoB AoJIxHbI 6rrrH croqrn nu6opuue [cnoJlHHTeJrb-

Hbre KoMr.rreru. Becr Cons AorxeH 6u.u o6te.auHurlcs Co-

BeroM, s xoropufi BxoAaJrH 6u Aeaerarbr or MecrHux Coo3oB rto nu6opy 3rr.rx [ocJreAHr.rx.

206

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6UCrpo oxJIaAeBaJI H OTXOAI'IJI B CropoHy".t'o c,ryuae, 6un on qeJIoBeK npocrofi, ncxpeunnft lt """*6t HecoMHeHHo 4aponurutl' Mnoro JIer fl ero yxe He BHAeJI' ero Ho qacro BcIIoMI'IHaJI. HeAasHo c HHrepecoM fipoqllTar ft' HarryMeBlxyn [oBecrb <<B Co6aqreu repjylxe> Sooouroe yqacrHe B opraHl{3auHu--Corcga TpyLonoro PaaeHcrsa npl'rur,r u fl. f. t{epxacon. Ho uz oAlIH H3 Hac n" uo-"n n bpra"nsaunonnufi-KoMHrer. Mu xore;lu, uto6 oH cocroq,t ucKJII,oqI{TeJIbHo H3 pa6ouux or cranKa Ii coJI-

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2r3

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eqe JIyque -Hy, l(epencxoro. c siMla He croBopnlxbct. Mu - HapoA Tet'lHHfi, a nu o6yueuHble. rlio >xe AeJIarb c 3TLIMI,I AByMt rpalKAaHaMu? 3aAep

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rxyrocfl ToJIny, KaKafl-TO BbICOKag XyAaff xeHuII'IHa' IIOBfi3aHHaff qepHbIM rIJIarKoM' nptl6.lueua cBoe JIHIIo K MoeMy r.r crporo nocMorpeB MHe B fr'Ia3a, y6ex4euuo BocK,'II{KHy,ra: <<Besyueu!>> .<Eesyuqeu>> B 9ro BpeMfl 6u.n u fopnrnfi. OH, KaK I'I f, Myrrr.Iflcfl yxacaMn softHH I'I xa)KAaJI MI{p-a Bo qro 6u ro Hu cra.tro. Vxac, sLilgsaHHHfi BoeHHbIM 6esyivtueu, foprruft oco6enHo gpKo BbIpa3I'IJI B cBoel\{ Bo33BaHI4I't <<Hecqa214

crHbtre, floxaJrefire ce6s!> 9ro sosseasue 6u.no noMeuleHo B efo rageTe <<Hosaq XlrgHl>> fi [epe[eqarano B Iraaficxoii KHrrx{Ke <<XHsHLI AJrs Bcex)> 63 nepe4 uoefi crarrefi <<BoftHa. Pesorroqns. Anapxza> un. (...)

3a nepuo4 c Mapra no IIFoflb ff BI{Ae,'rcq c loplrnu ror'rbKo ABa pa3a. Bu.n y Hero Ha AoMy I{ 3axoAI.rJI K HeMy B peAaKquro <<Hosoft )(r.rsun>>, Koropyrc oH rorAa ltsAaBaJI 65.

V ce6n 4orrra lopuruft 6u;n co MHoro npocr rr MH,'r, Ho Bce }KC I{YBCTBOBAJIACb HCKOTOPAq HATSHYTOCTb HAIIJHX OTHOnreuufi, TaK r(aK Mbr Bce BpeMfl 6t;nu sa JrroAsx. B pegaxr(xt,t <<Hoeoft )(usHlr>> MHe yAarrocr no6urr c loptxnu Ha-

eAlIHe. foplxuft BbltdrflAe,r rorAa osa6oqeHHHM, H3MyrreHIIt'IM.

r{ro,

[Jroxo ce6n uyacrayeur? ff.

- Bor rAe - cflpocnJroqeHb CHAHT y MeHfl oTa rlor'rr.ITuKa,HcKpeHHe n y6ex4eHHo cKa3aJr foprxNfi, yKagaB naJrbueM ua rop.no 66.

I-lorou nocMorpeJr Ha MeHq raK rre ,rrc6osHo r{ HexHo. KaK cMorpen s 6HnHe BpeMeHa, H cKa3aJl: CocrapuJrr.rcb Mbr c ro6oro, 4x4t. CrapHKaMH cra,rril.

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Xoporuo 6u.no,- cKasaJr s.

- A BeAb r.r npaBAa, xopouo 6ulo,- corJracr{Jrcfl fopl'-

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gTy noJrr.rrr.rKy,- cKasaJr fl,-

- 6br KoroMKy Ha cnnHy H norrreJr 6u-uo Pyclr Ha6rlssqn p arbcfl HoBblx gne.rar"reHr.Ift .

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4 nrcnn c yrpa sogo6Hosr.rrucb AeMoHcrparriln 6e. .{,nnxeHlre yMeHb[rnJrocb B c.BoeM pagMaxe, uo o6ocrpnJrocb B cBonx npoqBleHr.rsx. IIo ropoAy pa3beaxann rpysoBr{Kr.r, olrlernHnBrxr{ecr rlrrbrKauu w nyneMeraMt, c 6o;rlnreBgcrcKr.IMH nJraKaraMn. flpoacxo4unr.r flepecrpeJrKn, 6u;lr.r y6Nrbre H paHeHbre. Beuepou B rlr.rpKe <Mo4epH> 6e co6panncr pa6oune c flerporpa4cxoli H Bn6oprcxofi- cropou, okn4an BucrynneHHq eoxAeft 6o.ntruesnstvta. Ho HHKro He sBr.rJr2lb

cfl. TorAa oHr.r nocJraJrs Ae,'reraquro B peAaKulrrc <XHaHIl

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er, a Hyx(Ho ornpaBnrbcfl Bo Qpaxuuto 6orruesuxos ;t

BbIflcHI{Tb, KaKoBbI HX HaMepeHlrfl, a gare\'I Aelicrgogarr a cooTBeTcTBHLt C VX yKa3aH14flMH.

Mu ornpasilnncb r TanpHuecKoMy ABopqy. Co uHofi, no o6HxuoseHlrro, 6n,r u Ee6xa 70. flepe4 ABopIloM B TeMHOre KoJrbrxaJracb ToJIna coJIAaT, KOTOpETX CTapanct yc' rroKonrb u o6paeyunrb MeHbIIIeBux Boftrusct<uft7t. V sxoAa cTofldrr KapayJI, Ha!IaJIbHI.IK KOTOpOfO, rOC,rle Ao"'IrHX npepexaHrafi, nponycra,'I ToJIbKo MeHs I{ BopoHxooa.

Mu orupaotlJlllcb B KoMHary, 3aHllMaeMyn Qpaxquet't 6o.[rues[ros. B cepeAl.rHe KoMHarbI, y croJla, orrepulrcb ro,rosoii Ha pyKy, cI{AeJI Jlesus 72. B rly6uHe KoMHar}iI_HecKoJrbKo qeJIoBeK n soeHHoti tfopue o qeM-ro cnopu,ru. VellAfl HaC, O,U,IIH I43 BOeHHbIx CnpoCI{JI, uro HaM uyxuo. f IIpeAcraBareJIIt Consa Tpy,uonoro PaorBerr{Jr, r{ro Mbr - 6u neperosopl.ITb c [peAcraBI{TeJISMH BeHcrBa r{ x{eJraJll{ Spaxqun 6o"'rrueeuroB o coBMecrHhlx 4eficrnnnx.

B xaqecrse oQuquanlHoro [peAcraBI'ITe.[q 6o,'IluenuKoB K HaM noAolxer 6sIsulnft q.nen IV focyAapcrnesuofi ayrrrn f. H. flerponcrr4irTs, sasoAcrofi pa6ounfi no npoQeccHH, Ho c BHAy noxoxnfi Ha HHTeJIJII{reHTHoro rpyxeHl'Ixa' yqnreJrfl I.III.I Bpaqa. C flerponcKllM MbI o6MeHqJI'Icb HeCKOr'IbKI'IMI'I cJIoBaMH O TeKyUleM MOMeHTe.

f n uepnHoM roHe BbIcKa3aJI cBoe yAHB.[eHHe, qro tDpaxqHs 6o.nrueBuKoB ocraBrqer e AaHHHft MoMeHr pa6oqlx rr coJrAar 6es ceoero pyKoBoAcrBa, II Te Meqyrct, He 3Has' qro npeAnpnHqrb. Cle4yer uilil Aarb cHrHaJI K Hacrot-

rrleMy BoopylKeHHoMy BoccraHvlo 14 K 3axBary tsJIacrH He Coeerauu, Koropble aroro He xorgr, a peBoJIIoqI{oHHbIM [po,'rerapnaroM, T. e. 6oflrruesI,tKaMI{, uilvl peuJI'ITeJIbHo IIpr.r3BaTb K npeKpauleHulo AeMoHcrpaIII'IH Ir TIOJIHOMy ycIIOKOEHHIO.

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Jlesran Bo BpeMfl nag;eft 6ece4r'l noAHflrcq co cBoero

216

Mecra It repeceJ'I Ha KpecJIo Brny6b KoMHarbI. I( neuy noAoIueJI Bopouxoe u cnPocI{JI: Toaapnuq, qeM BbI x(HBere B AaHHyo MHHyry" -JIeHng [oAHg,r] noJIoBy, BHHMareJIbHo nocMorpeJl Ha uopoHKoBa lt c gyTb galvrersoft ycueuxofi pa3AeJIbHo cKa3aJI:

xnay oxLIAaHI{eM. -3tHf c,rosa upeseuuafiHo xaPaKTepHb[ Anq BeJII{Koro

crparera peBonlou[u, oH yMeJI )KHTb OXI'IAaHI'IeM' 'Iro6H s HyxHtlft MoMeHT Hanacrb Ha 'Bpara crpeMI'ITeJIbHo I{ coKpyrxLITenbHo. - -B

KoMHary BopBaJIcs xaroft-ro Iosufi 6onluteoux n, BOJrHyscb, craJl paccKasblgarb, Kaxyrc npeBocxoAHY! Peul roJrbKo trro saKontlrl.na Mapyca CnHpu4onona, rpe6yt or B. q.) KoMureta, qro.I-Lenrpa.nnnoFo (I4cno.nHnreJlbHoro 6u oir o6rssnr' ce6n PesortoIIHoHHbIM npaBureJlbcrBoM 74.

He Ao6nsuncl onpeAeJIeHHbIx yxasaHnft, MbI yITIJIH' npeABapnreJlbHo nepeAao flerpoecKoMy nporpaMMy Halxero Coroga.

5 llro.nq ABI.IxeHne Kpyro nou,'Io na y6u.nl, a 6-ro s flerporpa4e Bce crHxJIo. Bperraeunoe npaBl'IrenbclBo rop)KecrBoBaJro no6eay. Haqalocr pagopyxenHe KpaMoJIbHbIX soficK, flpex(Ae rcero flepnoro nyneMerHoro noJIKa 75.Vgqart 6sln npuxae o6 apecre JIennHa Ll 3rnosreea. B onpan4aHt.te grofo [pr.rKa3a 6u.nu nyueHbr 'B xoA Qanruneue 4oKyMeHTbr H JI)KHBbIe CBHAeTeJTbCTBa, Ha OCHOBaHUI{ KOTOpbIX

JIeHns lr 3uuosles o6suHqrr.{cs B cHorrreHr.rrx c fepMaHcKHMr.r BJracrflMl{ n B rocyAapcrnenHoft H3MeHe. Jleuus r.t 3unosles yc[eJru yfirn n noAnoJrbe, H nor.rcKn Hx, B KoTOpbrx ropffr{ee yqacTHe IIplrHHMaJrlr IoHKepa, oKa3aJIr.rcb rurerHbrMr{ 76. B MycraMflKax Ha Aaqe Eonu-bpyeruqa BMecro Jlennsa 6nr apecroBan Crex.[os-FlaxaMKuc, xoropuir gueprnr{Ho orpeKaJIcfl or 6onrrueevgua 77 .

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B KoropoM co,rnAapugr{poBarcq c Jleursuu v gas,BJrr;t, qro ecJur .Ilesus [pHBJIeKaercr x cyAe6Hoft oreercrBeHHocTr.I, To cneAyer nplrBnerrb K orBercrBetrHocru H eto, Tpouxoro. B nflcbMe oH yKasbrBa.r csoft aApec. Tpouxuft 6u.n

apecroBan. Apecronanu 6amu raKxe A. B. Jlynauapcxuft, A. M. Ko.nnonrafi, .II. E. Kauenea, O. PacxoJrbHr,r-

KoB rr Ap. 78.

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I{ nevaruo, H ycrno oHIr rBepAl{nu:

2t7

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6orlrueeucrcKr{e Boopy)KeHHbre rpygoBHKH c orqeraHHBut}rMricg cBLIHbflMLI 80.

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roBr.rJruxe Ha flyrueunoM saBoAe 88. Anq npoqreHur JIeKUIIE

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crzx pa6our.rx 6uro otlpeAeJreHHo 6oJrrrueeucrcKoe. Hs llep*ru fl [poexaJr e flpocraurl u KocrpoMy, a sareM BepHyncx o flerporpaA. flerporpa4crue 6olrrueBi.rKlr K TOMy BpeMeH'LI OnpaBI{n}ICb H, pyKOBOAPrMbre n3 [OA[oJbs

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-

221

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O cnepx<eHuu flpaBrireJrbcrBa l(epeHcxoro Ha MnrHHrax roBopnrrocb coBepueHHo orKpbrro. Tpour<ufi B oAHoft r.rg

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Macca 3a HaMH>>.

B"rusxae Copsa Tpyaoooro PaseH'crsa [ocJre HeyAar{Horo Mqrexa Kopnu.rona 3Haqr.IrerbHo Bo3pocJro. BcryrlaJrlr Bce HoBbIe H HoBbIe qJIeHbI, 6onrnreft .Iacrrn 6orlrrreBr{Kr{ c aHapxHr{ecKr.rM yKJroHorvr. Msorne r{3 HHx npr.rHflJrH axrxBHoe yqacrue n Oxrx6prcxoft peaonrcqnn. flo6e4y 6o,rrureslxoB Mbr npI.IBercrBorBaJrH c gHTy3Ha3uorr,r. ,Il,erperbl o MHpe H geMJre cooTBeTcrBoBaJrH HaIrII.{M caMbrM cMeJrbIM oxuAanngu ea. Mu noHnMaJII{, rITo {)xrr6prcxafl peBo,'rrcqHfl TrepeJroMEJra MupoByro r{cropHro. O6ueare,'ru 3Toro He noHHMaJrr.I. Aa ne roJrD-Ko o6Hsarern.

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He flpnBbrKamt He Aorro -npoAepx(Hr-

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222

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fpaMMa He Bbr3bIBaJIa TaKOTO paAOCTHOTO eALIHOAyIIIHfl Qpouronux paAllocraHqnfi, rar ta. OHa 6u.na nousra, KaK BbrpaxeHr.re BoJrE Bcero [IeTporpaAcKoto flponerapuaTa w rerporpaAcKoro rapHHsoHa. Coser HaIIIero Corcsa nocraHoBLIJI [peAlo)I{urb HoBoMy III4Ky n ConuapxoMy cBoe corpyAHl.IqecrBo B AeJIe JIHKBI{Aar.uln eoftHrl n s crponreJlbcrBe cso6oArrofi rpyAonoft xr.r3Hr{. Becrn fleperoBopbl uopyrleno 6u;to luse. fl ornpaBaJrcr s CrvrorrnHft x Jlesuny. Ho Jlenuna KaK pas B 3ro BpeMfl s Cl,rorrHou ne 6uro. MHe IpeAJIo)KI.L'II neperoBoplrrb c Tpotlxurrr. u Tpoqruu rerlepb [odIIHoe eAI'IHo- Mex4y JIeHIlHurvt Ayrrrfie, H cJroBo Tpoqroro raK xe aBTopI'ITerHo, xax JIeHI.I'Ha,- foBopr{,'ra MHe x(eHIrIHHa cpeAHI.rx JIer, BepoflTHo crapaq 6orrruesuqKa, npoBoxafl B KoMHary Tpoqxoro.

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224

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KoHeqHo, Bblpaxa,'Io Hacrpoeune MHorI{x coJrAar n pa6oqux ll2. Heueurue BJIacrn 6n.tn cHaqaJla olleJroM,'reHbl orKagoM or sofiHH Ir or noArrl{caHvfl Mr{pa. Ho noc,re seAoJrroro ouerreHeHl{t npHKa3aJrrz softcKar{ ABr.rHyrbcfl rro HarpaBJreHHn flerporpaAa I I 3.

Coros TpyaoBoro PaseHcrea peurur ttpuHsrb caMoe

aKrHBHoe yqacrl.re n o6opoHe llerporpa4a. f rn,rHo cquraJr 6o"ree [ocJreAoBareJrbHbrM sbrftrll HaBcrperry HeMer{xlrrrl soticxaM 6es opyx{Hfl, c orpoMHbrMfi arHTaqI{oHHbrMn

nJIaKaTaMr.I, Ha KOTOpbTX IIO-HeMeIIKr,r CO,lAaTbI npnfJraila.nncr 6n x 6parauurc c pyccKHMIr pa6outtrrrla I{ KpecrbflHaMIl, He cqHTaroIrrHMH I{x BparaMw. fl ttpnc?ynu,r yx x tpop-

MI{pOBaHI.ilO TaKOTO OTpqAa, KaK CAeJIaJIOCb LI3BeCTHbIM, IITO

IIK 6orluleBlrKoB no HacroflHNro JIennHa peurrrr'r tro.lltlr-

carb Mlrp Ha ycroBuqx, npeAJraraeMbrx fepuaHueft. fepMaHCKOe IIpaBHreJrbcrBO rr3MeHi]Jro Telepb ycJroBrlfl K xyA-

rrreMy, r.r reM He MeHee uupnuft Aorotsop 6ul no4nucan 6es o6cyx4esufi n Bo3palreHnfi lta. JleunubrM, raKnr\{ o6pa-

sou, nu6pasa 6u.na [ep'Bag r.r3 BbIcraBJreHHbIx MHoIo BogMOXHbIX aJrbTepHaTr.rB, Vt fl IIOHSJI, qTO 3TO CaMOe pa3yMHOe.

B qe.rona psAe AoKJraAoB s ropflrro orcrar.rBaJr pe[reHlre rroAlucarb Epecr-Jlnroecxnft uupuuft AoroBop, r.t ro coqyBcrBHe, Koropoe BcrpeqarH MoH AoBoAbr co cropoHbr pa6oqax Ir coJrAar, y6ex4a.no Menfl, qro noguuuq JreBbrx KoMMyHHCTOB H JreBbrX SCepOB, CTOflBTITHX 3a peBOJTTOUAOHHyTO eofiuy, He HMeer onopbl B Maccax.

230

IIPl|MEqAHU'I

I 16 anpean 1908 na I Bcepoccr.rficKoM KooneparnB-

HoM c6e3rre'e Mocrse B. A. lloice cAeJIaJI Aox;ra.i <3a-

4avn XOOnepaqsn soo6ule H B rlacrHocTr.I e Poccul{). Aexypnufi noruqeftcxnft qHHoBHRK rpe6ouaa or IIpeAceAareJrs ctesAa npoQeccopa A. C. flocrsllKoBa ocraHoBl{rb oDaToDa H 3anDeTnTb eMV H3JIOXeHHe nporpaMM HeJIe'

ri.nsnirx naprnfi. 3ro c,qsiano se 6uao ri B. A. flocce loJrarar, qro gTuM BHSBaHO npe)KAeBpeMeHHOe 3aKpbITIte

cbe3Aa.- Pyccroe cJroso. 1908. 17 anpe.nn; Ilocce B. A. Mofr xngHeunufi nyrr. M.; JI., 1929.-C. 436-437.

2 19-22 Qeepana lglT r. B flepMn 3aceAano Co6-

panue ynoJruoMorreHnbrx Ceaepo-Bocroqnoro con3a ttorpe6nre.nnnux o6qecrs, a 17-19 Qeapa;rn B nopoAcxoM rearpe B. A. flocce rluran reKquu <Be,Ino-qenoBeqecKoe',

*Ayiua xeHurrinbl>, <OcHosH eAoposofi u xpacuaoft xt'ts' Hn: or Aeftcrnstealsocrlt K HAeaJIyt.- flepn,tcran xlr3Hb.

1917. l7-19 Qeaparr.

3 23-25 rperpa.nn B My3HKaJIbHotrr yrnrnule Exarepnn6ypra B. A, flocce npouen JreKuxH uAyrua xeHIItsHu>, <Cvacme rl cMblc.tt xu3Hn), <[yua My)KqHHbl>.Vpa;rrcrax xn3lrb. 1917. 23-25 $eapaaa.

a 3a anrusoennHe .rreKqlru r Capanyae <O fepuanun H HeMrlax> n <Harun coro3Hr.iKu> gstcxuft ry6epuamp noAsepr B. A. flocce aAMr.rHncrparnBHoMy BsbrcKauulo, a Mr{Hr{crp BHyrpeHHEx Aen H. A. Maxraxos sanpernn

B. A. flocce ny6ruvaue BbrcrytrireHlrff.

5 B flerporpaa B. A. flocce suexaa 26 Qespa;rr n npn6u,n I uapra. e Mra xenesnoAopoxHafl craHquq s 32 xM. or flerporpa4a.7 PeAaxqng rI KoHTopa <Xusnn AnrI Bcex> noMerqaJlncb HeAaJreKo or HnxoaaeBcKoro BoK3a;ra, ua y;ruqe XyKoBcKoro, 22, t<saprupa 14. 3necr )Ke BcKope pa3Mecrxaucu Oprrouurer BcepoccufiCxoro Koo[eparnBa npocBeTIITenbHoft caMorroMoulu <XugHb AJrrr Bcex> u Coros unayrqecrBeHHoro u rpyAoBoro paBeHcrBa. 8 qEPKACOB llanreaefi fpunoprernl roroMcreeuubrir nocernufi rpaxAauuH, xypHanucr, -aBTop nonurnqecKr{x cratefi s <XugHr.r AJrr Bcex>, c ceurr6px 1917 r. peAaKrop xypuana; qneH rrpaBneHus Kooleparuga <XusHb ,u,,'Is Bcex).

e Exarepunuucxufi saa-caMHfi 6oaruofi a TaopuqecKoM 4eope 6e"noxo,nosuufi 3aJr-raJrepes nepea sa.riqrr,r IocyAapcraennoft ,qyuu, craBrrreM s l9l7 r. MecroM saceAaur.rfi flerporpaAcrono Coseta pa6ouux s conAarcKnx AefiyraroB.

'0 EPEIIIKO-EPEIIIKOBCKHR Hnxoaafi Hurorae-

nuu (1874-1943)

pyccxofi peBonro- cun <6a6yurxu qun> E. K. Dpeuruo-Epeurxoacxofi, nloAosnrhrfi 6yarrapuuft xypna,nncr, rrucareJrb, Knnocuenaplrcr, xyAoxecrBeHnufi rpnrnx. fleqaraaca e <bupxeaHx ae4ouocrax>, <HrB€>, <<Cuneru xypuane> n ap. C 1920 r. B sMlrpaqt.Ill, r4e ony6ruroBan ex{e 6olee 30 porrlauon.C;ryxrrn B opra-

231

Hax QauncrcKofi flponaraHAbr, Iloru6 npu 6oM6ex{Ke Eep.rruHa.

.

3erurycapauu 6u.nu npo3BaHbr cnyx{auue 3europa

(frannono no cHa6xesup apMnr{ KoMnrera Bcepoccnfi-

cKoro seMcKoro u ropo,qcroro coroooB), aefictsogasule-

ro c uroJrr l9l5 r. no Mapr l9l8 r. Ilocperuu.rar e nu. norHeHnn BoeHHbrx 3aKa3oB B npoMrJuneunocrll, 3europ gB.IIqJ|cfl B,[rrflTeIbHHIt noJIItTUqecKI.IM UeHTpOII TOpTOBOnpoMbrurneHHofi 6ypxyasun

tr KEPEHCKII

Aaercau4p

Oe,qoporr.t

(1881-1970) ecep, sarqnrnrrK Ha noflurnqe- aABoKar, cKtrx npoqeccax, npeAceAarenb Qparquu rpyAoBr.rr{oB IV foc. AyMbr, c ;r6ta 1916 r. rei6pa.nnuu! 'cexperapr MacoxcKoro Bepxonuoro Cosera Beauroro Bocroxa sapoAoB Poccus, c 27 $enpa.rq l9l7 r. qJreH Bperrrenxoro KoMurera foc. ayuu (BK|A) s roBapurrt (sauecrure,'rr)

npeAceAareJrr flerponpa4cxoro Couera, c 2 Mapra MnHracTp rocT[rt]r[ u reHepaJr-npoKypop, 5 uaR I ceura6-

pa aoeuuui n uopcxofi MHHHcrp, 8 upns - 25 orct6pn - BepxoBHbrft rnaBa npaBureJrbcrBa H c 30 aBrycTa raKxe

c l9l8 r. eMHfpaHr. IIXELIA3E Hnxolafi (Kapao) CeneHorx'l (18*-1926) - oAHH a3 ocHoBarenefi rpyenncxofi couuan-,qeMoKparnu, q.[eH Macoucroro Bepxoanoro Conera, npeAceAarenb $paxqnu MeHbrrreBr.rKoB IV loc. ,u,yMbr. B l9l7 r. q;res BKIA, 27 Sespatn - 3l aarycra npejr,ceAarurr flerporpaAcKoro Conera, 16 unnq-25 oxrx6pn upeAceAarenb IIIIK Coseros. B l9l8 r. npeAce,u,arelr 3aKaBKa3cxoro ceftua c npaBaMr.r upeenAeHTa pecny6;rurn, r,'raBHoKoMaHAyroutlifi.

12

1919-1921 rr. rJraBa npaBurenbcrBa n npe,(cerarear VqpeAureJrbHoro co6paHn'I fpysuu. floxouqun carrloy6uftctBoM Bo @pauqnu. t3 Tpy,u,oaan rpy[na Bo3Hr{KJra g 1906 r. KaK 3aqaTOK .7rera.nbHofi xpectrxucrofi naprHH u3 HHTeJ.[EreHToBHapoAHnKoB H KPeCTbrn AerryraroB foc. Ayrrau. Bncrynana ga AeMoKpaTHqecKue cno6oAr,t, napJraMeHTcKoe HapoAoBnacr[e, HaqnoHaJIH3aqulo nouegluqrefi serunu, 8-uacoooii pa6ovufi AeHr. Ha V cresAe B anpene 1917 r. npo-

Bo3ruracuJra ce6q coqlraauctuqecxoft naprueft, s rrrcHe o6tTpyAoayro uaeAsErrnacb c HapoAHr,rMu couHaJtucTaMr.r

r

poAHo-coquarHcrnqecKyro traprnlo, rpe6oaaeruyrc co3btBa V'rpe4nrearuoro co6paxna u HaqlloHaJIbHoro caMoonpeAeneHHr B paMKax eAunofi AeMoKparHqecxoii pecny6,rurn Poccr.ul.

la flecxaun nnrepuhl Ha3HBaJIH KBapranbt sAoilr Cy-

EOpOBCKOTO npOCneKTa, Bo3HrKlllne Ha necqaHblx Mop-

cKr.rx orJroxesusx. B l9l7 r.- PoxAecrseHcrnfi pafiou,

rAe HaxoAHnNcr Tanpuuecruft Aeopeu u Cuonrsufi.

16 BOAOBO30B

(1864-1933)

Bacruufi

Bacn;rrernq

topncr, ny6ruqucr-napo4- co3AaHHreKoHoMrrcr, HHK, cropoHnuK uaAxJraccogoft flaprl{rr rpyAtullrxcfl. B 1906-1917 rr. q.tleH Tpy,uoaofi npynnu, BxoAHn B ee IIK. B nePEyK, MHpoByK, nofiny-(nopaxegeq>, cropoxulK HeMeAneHHoro 3arnloueuna uupa. floKorirrr{Jr c co6oro B gMurpal{Hlr. 232

16 qAHKOBCKI4N

(1850-1926)

Hxro.rrafi

Bacfiflreel,tq

cryAeHr{ecKoro Kpy}KKa <<qaft- yqacrHuK KoBr{eB>, orKpbtB[rero xor{AeHne B HapoA. B l8Z4-1907rr.

B eMrrp_auur, c 1904 r. ocep. flo -nosepauqennlr npoBeJl ro.q r flerponaeroscxofi Kpenocrrr, nopBan c gcepaMu, cTaJr .[efaJIbHbIM KoonepaTrrBHblM AetTeJreM H BHAHbIM Macosonr. B nepByro [r]rpoByro aofiHy oprauu3arop npoAo-

eorlcrseHHoft noMoxlH tfpoHry, yttor'lHoMoqeHHnfi flerporpa.qcKofo o6,ractHoro KoMI-rrera Bcepocctrfrcxoro coro3a ropoAoB, npesr.rAeHr I,'lrraneparopcxoro- Bo,nrno-eroHorr.ulqecKoro o6qecraa. B l9l7 f.- <<AeAyrrrKa pyccrofi peooqt.ltl>, ,ureH l4cno,rroMoe flerporpiacxor6 - Coeera p. u C. {.---u _Bcepoccuficxoro Coderd KpecrbrHcKux Aenyraros, UK Tpyaoeofi HapoAuo-coqaalucruqecrofi naprui.r, 6opeu c 6onrruesasMorrl. C arrycra 1918 r. raaBa npaBarer'rbcrBa Celepnori o6lacrn, a t920_ r.- I{9t

Qenpane

rvrapre

p{HgpyccKofo npaeurelrcrna. Sruurpaur.

'? 3APyAHblH A,nexcan4p C-epreenuu (1863-1934) -

9^P-ll_ct, _ ^ -3au{}rrHuK

no Ae.qy llerep6yprcxoro Cosera

1905-1906 rr. u Ha Apyrrx nofluraqecKux npoqeccax. B l9l3 r. Ao6r-r,rcs onpaajaHnr B. A. flocce. 66suHeuHoro B KorrlyHcrBe sa ny6,rraxaquto s <<Xu3Hlr AJrr Bcex> crarerl ,rl. H. To,rcroro, u cral'I roptlcKogcyJrbroM )KvDHana.

C r',r4p1a l9l7 n. Ao BecHbr lglS r. nap6aHurfi coqlr'arrcr.

B 1917 r. B Mapre- alper're roBapr.ru MuHucrpa rocril4uu, 23 nroJrfl 27 azrycra MuHlrcrp rocrrlqnlr. floe4uee npeloAaBaJr B By3ax Jlenuurpa4a.

18 CTPyBE flerp Eepnnapsonur (1820-1944) gKoHoMt'lcr, HcropHK, QHnocoQ, TeoperuK <Jrera.rrbHoro MapKcH3Ma> u xaAercrofi flapruu. B l9l7 r. npoQeccop IlorurexnnqecKoro r.rHcraryra, B anpene arapexiop 2-rb AelapraMeHra MHA, c fl. H. IIu"rroKoBbrM yure.r B orcraBKy; c 13 [raq alaaer,lux (rlcx.nrcueu B 1028 r.) ; pexypHar'roB <<Pyccxar

AaKrop

MbrcJ'rb> r.r <Pyccxar cro6oAa>; yqacrHr.tx loc. coseqar'\ts, v llpeanap"raueura. Opra-.ILe-

HH3arop Ee,noro AB[]KeHuq, BxoAnJ'r B npaBr.rrerbcrsa HrlKHHa u BpaHre.nn. Sur.rrpaur. re Hueetcs B BI.IAy rroAaBJregr.re Hrcnlcxoro Boccra-

pa6ovux flapnxa 1848 n. n flapuxcrofi KoMMyHbr !!!_ l87l r. ,0 EOHq-EPyEBI,Iq Bla4xmnp ,l|lrtrplleauu (1873-1955) rr. u.uei coqua,r-AeMoKpa- s 1902-1903 ru,recxofi opfaunsa[r{lr <)(nsnu, c 1903 r.6omureslx.

B l910-1918 rr. rnaBa .rrerarrbuoro rsAarenbcrBa PCAPE <<Xusnb t.l 3Haur.re>. B 1917 r. qren Zcuo.nxoua flerponpaAcroro Cosera, r 4nu OenpanbcKori peBonror(nlr c Boopyxenuofi rpynnoft 3aurn rr{florpaQuo <laseru-xonefi-

Kr.r> H _HaJraAHn BbrnycK ra3erbr <l4snecrug flerporpaA-

cxoro Cosera>, B Mapre-alpene oAHH lrg ee peAaKTopoB, B Hro.ne

aBrycre rrreH peAaKqulr 6onnuegucrcroft

- H coJ'rAar). C Hoa6pa l9l7 r. tro oKna3erbr <Pa6oqultr

ra6pl 1920 r. ynpaBnqroutnfi 4e.naruu CHK. flosaHee Ha Hayuuofi pa6ore.

2l HEKPACOB

Hrroaafi

Bnccapnonornu

(1879-1940) rpafiue resuft q,'reu IIK raAeron, c urcnq 1917 r.- e Pa,4zxa,'rbHo-AeMoKparuqecxofi naprr.ru. tlnen uacoscxoro Bepxonuono Cosera. Tosapnq npeA-

I r-146

233

ceAare!'rq IV foc. [ynu. B 1917 r. '{,leH BKfA, 2 uap' aareu MIlHI.lcrp ra-2 uwnq nrHHucrp nyrefi coo6qeunft, 26 aerycra -roBaplru1 MHHI-lcrpa6es noprQeaa, 24 uronn

A. (D. Kepencxoro) Il -trlunpeaceaaie.ra (aavecrure'nt uuc,rp $uuaucoe, n ceura6pe - oxm6pe reuepa,r-ry6epuarop Ourr,rnHlttn. flog.qHee pa6ora.n B Koonepaqnu, ttpe-

roAaBan. B 1930 r. penpecct'rpoBaH, orJlllqHJIcfl Ha crponre.nbcrBe Ee.loraopcko-Ea,rlttit?croro KaHa,'la. florn6 s

3

atiilvJqeIIIil{.

,, BEJIHqKnHA Bepa Muxafi.rrosua (1869-1918) -

BDaq. vriacrnHua opraHH3atlt.rt{ <<)KIlsHb>, c 1903 r. 6olruieeriutiu. B 1905 i. pa6ora,ra B flerep6yprcrorrl Coeere oa6oqux llenvraroB. B 1917 r. Ao Mas ceKperapb peAal(qHu nl,lssecrufi flerporpalcKoto Cosera>, 3areM qaeH pe-

Aaltquu 6oJrrruesucrcroio xypna.rla <Pa6orsn[a> ^u 6topo PoxAecr"escxoro paiiroua 6orsruesttxoa. B 1918 r' pa6orana B uapKoMarax flpocBeuleuut u 3ApaBooxpaHeHfiq.

Heo,4noxparuo JIeqrJIa B. 14. .Ilenuua.

B,rap,uuuponuu Hlxo,lafi Py3CKllIl us po,{a JIepor NHSaurepnrr, feHepan '1916 r.- 25 anpe,rn l9l7 r. rrasr'ro"to""x. i anrycra lloxouasAytoulnfi CenepHltu Qpo+lrou (8. !-yKonxcu g. a. nocc. oriu6oqno-- Cenepb-3ananuurn)' He o6naAafl AapoM [o,rlKoBoAI-Ia, Ee rHyulaJict A"'I-q Kapbepil 06Hrixo'raq II oriuuruioi" r fp. Pacnyrnny. V6exAan peunca or: npecrona H OTKa3aJlCg noc"Iarb BOiaCKa Ha noian,renue peBo,'trcut{tl, o qeM- BcKope ropbKo coxa'Ile'[' floc,re otcra"ru .rleqsrcfl n Muuepa,rrHblx BoAax' B3sr 6o,'nuresnraun s 1918 r. B 3aJloxHl'lru u y6ur no npu-

'3 (1854-1918)

roBopy peBo,'trculloHHofi rPoftril.

,4 I43fHAHHI4K rceBAounru OXOTI'IHA Huronaq - no3ra fi IIp03aI'IKa. CeMeHoenqa (p. 1885), 25 B npa3AHnKe peBortloqull, B XapbKose, 16^^trlapra 1917 r. yqactsosar" 300 ruc. qe,loBeK' It3 r{IIx 100 ruc'

B uecrBnl.{, ,[.nHBIUeMcs c ll ao 17 qacos. co;r,qaru ro-p)KecrBeHHo npficmHyrlH Bperuennouy npaeNre'nrctny' Bo rJaBe ux luJla MaIIIHHa C BOeHHbIM KOMI',ICCapOM L KOMeHtraHToM napHu3oHa KHe3eM Tapxan-MoypaBoBblM' 3a uu' rrrN ruecreo'Baalr pa6oune, rpynna ocBo6oxAeHHbIx IToJII.IT3aK,'IrcqeHHbrx, yqaufiecfi H 3aMbIKaJIa <(IiHOpoAqecKafl c npusblBoM K BoI'IHe KoMaHAa)>. [Ipeo6,raAa;ru ,'lo3yHrH -

ao ro8.at, i,Korla soilcra noAolxJlll K Huroraegcrofi rreDKBr.I. Da3aa,rcq ropxecrBeuHblfi asoH, nponogneruufi nrjoti..."ro>.- IOxnuir xpafi. 1917. l8 napra' "-.b XPAIOBI4UKLIPI A'trercefi '6 AHTOHI'ln, B Mr'Ipy flaeroenq (1863-1936) - s l914-1917 nr' apxnenncron Xapsxoscxuft n Axrupcxuft. Vgo.nes Bpeuetlttltu npasl.tre,rrrcison ua uoroft B BaraaMcKfifi uonacrupr, Ho- B aBfycre BoccraHoBJIeH Bcepocct'tiicxltM noMecrH['IM cooo-

p"i"'.-t<t"araar B narpuapi'; BosseAeH narpuapxou TuxoHoM B MuTpono,'lllrbl, c I\:J:i l91B r. MHrpononnT KIt'

escrut. Srtaurpupona;r r Cep6nro, rrre s i 921 r' Bo3rJIanu"r Kapaoeairirfi pacxo; Pyccrofi nparoclaauoft qepxsa, nepeufi rrasa ee elrnrpanrcxofi uacu'I. 27 B XaosKoee B. A. flocce qrrra.n JIeKqI'Iu 9-15 uap'

ra. Jlerqnx'<<PeBoJtrcuuq, Vupe4ure;lraoe co6paulre' pec' 234

[y6nr.rKa> npoqr.rraua riM .(BaxAbr, 14 n 15 uapra o Eols-

6ou rearpe.-Ioxuufi xpafi. 1917. 14, 15 uapra. :8 flocce B. A. VvpeAlrrerrbHoe co6paHr.re. flr., 1917.

8c.

,e JIyPnt Aapou IIannoBHq - HHxeHep-TexnoJror, s 1897 r. ocHoBaJr coqlraJr-AeMoKparnqecKyro rpynny <PagHaua>, 6ul saxnrcven n llerponaBnoBcKyro Kpe6oqee nocrb rr cocJran a Cu6upr. B l9l5 r. Bbruer us PCAPil, n 1917 r. uapo.quurl coquaJrr.rcr. flocre 6ercrsa BpaHre.nn us Kpulra oKa3aJrcr cpeAu Tbrorq 6ess[HHo paccrpe.ltqHur,rx qeKucraMn g Cegacrono.ne.- Me.nsrvson C. II. Kpacrufi reppop B Poccnn. i!1., 1990. C. 69. fasera <loxsue BeAoMocrH> BbrxoAr.rr'ra n CuuQepono;le c 1906r.

B rraapre 1917 r. ee peAaKroporvr 3Haqr{r'rcr C. E. Eusxos.

30 Beveponr 23 lrapra CuuQepono.irlcrar enpeftcxaa o6uluua co6pa,'racb a xopa,rnnofi clrnarore no cJryqarc u3. gauur BpeueHHbrM npaBflTe"'rbcrBoM nocraHoBJreHr.rff or 20 xtapra o6 orruese BeponcnoBelHbrx u HaquoHa,rybHbrx

orpauaueuuii. flocre necHoneHuft n 6.naro.4apcrBeHHbrx

Mo,'rr.rrB BbIcrynH"TLI Ayxonuufr paBBr-rg Kpeuruep, o6qecr-

gesusrfi paBBr.iH C. C. Bilaepuafin, A, D. ,[,eprraaa, B. A. Ilocce, A. II. ,Ilypnr. Bce, xporrre flocce, npuanaa-

nn K orpaxeHrllo BHeruHero Bpara. O6uluua HanpaBHna

npr.rBercrBenuyro reJrerpaMMy B peuenno,ray flpaBnrenbcrBy. 3l <<Crllgoe BneqarJreHae npolt3Beno [DoqvBcrBeHHoe

cr'roBo nureparopa B. A. Ilocce, o6parneureroia x 6pa-

rbqM-eBpeqM or r.rMeHr4 pycKcofo HapoAa. B. A. Iloccc

npocfin npocTr.rTb TeMHbrM pyccKnM nro.(flM HaHeceHHbre

r

r.nrr.r o6uAu rr ApyxHo vATn c pyccKHM HapoAoM o6qefi qe,'rfi 6"rary po4unbr, Koropyrc eBper Bcer,(a lrc6nlu>.

B orseruofi peva A. ,Ilypua cKa3a,rr, qro <eBpeeB yrneraJr He pyccxufi HapoA, a y3ypnaropbr rpaB pyccroro Ha-

-

fl.

poAa, KorqyncrBenHo flpuKpbrBaBrur.tecr ero uueneu... Pyccrltft xe uapoA 6Hr scerAa npan4o.lrrc6ur s, noryqarl

ceo6o.4y, eAHHbrM B3MaxoM noKoHquJI c HaIIIToHaJ'tbHbIMI.I n BepoucnoBe,(HbiMH orpaHr.rqeHflsMlr>.- IOxHue BeAoMoc-

ru. 1917.25 n,tapra.

32 B Cegacrono;re 25 u 26 uaDra B 3r{MHeM [oMer[eHrru ropoAcroro o6lqecrBeHHoro io6paHzr B. A. floc-

ce qfira,'r ,'reKrluro <O6 VupeAnre,r*roli co6paunu u peBOJIIOqI-lH>.

33 54TKI'IH tDeAop (e pyKonnc1. B. A. flocce ourr.r-

ba6i<nu) 6nsruraft cryAeHr llerporpaA- scep,uHcrnryra. cKoro -TexHoJ'rort.trrecKoro floc,re Qeapa.nrcxofi 6o,{Ho

peBo,'rrcquE nocryttr.rJ'r BonbHoonpeAeflsroulr.rMcq

ua tlepno-

r,topcxnfi {lor, rAe craJr u3BecrHbrM MrrEHroBbrM opaTopoM, arr{TrapoBa,'r 3a HacryfiJreur.re ua Sponre. B cocra-

Be AeJrefauru tlepuouopcxoro Q;lora a Mae nocerr.rJr

flerporpa4, 3areM esAur't rro 3anaAHoMy Qponry. flogAuee yrracrHr.rK 1-ro Ky6ancroro (Jlegauoro) noxoAa reH. JL l. Kopuu.nona, pa6orafl B PocroBcKoM ocBeAoMnreJrbHoM arrrraur.roHHoM orAene Ao6posomqecrofi apMr.r[.

SuHrpuponan, g KoHcraHTHHonoJre opnaHu3oBbrBail Tapa-

xagru 6era.

3a B eroru B. A. llocce ne 6u"r HcKJrroqeHueM. 26 uapTa oH npeAno)KHn cJ'IyuaTeJIflM JIeKrIuu npr,rBeTcTBoBaTb

9r

235

Br.r[e-aAMupana A. B. Kolqara, <<qro 6uno u ucloJlHeHo B ror )Ke ,qeHb>.-Kpurucruri BecrHI.tK. 1917. 29 rraapra.

KOJIqAK A,rexcan4p Bacnmesuq (1874-1920) -

$.norono4er1, no.nnpuuit HccJIeAoBareJIl, rltAporpaS, soTeopertlK, Macrep MIiHHofo Aena, oAIIH I'I3 euuo-uopct<oft noxaeft Ee,roro ABsxeHI'It. 3a ounque a Pyccro-fnouHarpaxAell SorlorblM IiMeHHbIM opyxlleM. cKvlo sofiHV -cosAair.rs Mopcxoro feuepa;lr,noro ulTa6a. B I,ftiuur.rarop nepByro MIrpoByIo roftuy opranu3oBaJl HaAex{Hyrc MIiH_HyK) saulury MopcKoro nyrn B flerporpaA. C 28 }rroHq 1916r.

BHrre-aAMr{pan, xovlau4yroruufr 9epnon'Iopct<uu Q.noroIra.

6 arcss 1917 r. orcrpageu or Ao,'llKHocrli AeJIetarcKIlM

co6pauuervl MarpocoB, conAar lt pa6ouux Cegacronons.

He xeraq c.{ari csoe 3o,roroe opy)Kue, cr'loMaJl u 6poclt.n B MoDe. B flerporpa.u,e Bolren B KoHc[]IparI'IBHbIfi KoHTpDeBo;lounoHHnir <Pecny6nnrascxufi I{eHTp>' uaMetllsuuft

iro s a"i tatopH. Xe,ilaq us6aslltr, ce6g ot gTofi onac' Hocrl.r, BpeMenuoe npaanrem,crso 28 unHt IIocraHoBIiJlo xouau4uposat Ko,rqara e CIIIA B cocraBe cllequaJlbHoft MopcKofi Mncclllt, AJI' [ocraHoBKI'I MllHHoro Aena Ha aMepEKAHcKoM Slore. B oxra6pe 1918 r. npu6r'u us-ea roaiuuu B OMcK, 4 son6ps Ha3HaqeH BoeHHbIM Ir Mopci<u" u"""crporrt .l,uperropuu, a Houl Ha 18 Hofl6pq op'

raHr.rSoBaJr goessufi nepeBopor, craB BepxoBHbIM rJIaBo6lsgnB ce6s BepxoBHbIM npaBureHoKoMaHAyloururra

u

rervr Poccuficxoro rocyAapcrBa, ycraHoBlrn x(ecroxylo AIIKrarypy. floc;re pasrpoMa ero softcx, sblAaH IrHocrpaH,HYMH r.rHrepBeHrauu 15 flHBapfl 1920 r. Plpxyrcxouy tsPK

n 7 Qerpann paccrPe,'IflH' 3s BEPXOBCKIn A,lercau4p llsaHoruq yqacrHllK Pyccro-flnoucKoft, nepBoft MIr(1386-1938) BofiH. B l9l7 r. noAnoJIKoBHlIK' rjosofi u rphxa,aicxofi haqa,nrunx' gepnouopcxofi Ansugll-u, c 3 nrc.ns ro'tlKoB-

HrrK, xouasAy-louruft- soficxaMl'I MocKogcxoro BoeHHofo OKpyra, pyKOBOAI{n yCMI{peHueM p€Boa'IIOIIHoHHbIX BbIcTyn-

Mqre)Ke reH' leillfi co.riaar H. Honropoaa u Tuepu, flplr npaBlrreJlbcrJI. l. KopuunoBa noAAepxa;t- BpeltenHoe so, c 30 inrycta renepair-ruafiop fenuna6a il soeHHblft Mr{Hricrp, cropouuur BbIxoAa. Poccl'll't tlg sofiHbl Il AeMo6uJrfisaqulr apunu, noerorray 20--oxu6pt BblIueJI B orcraB-

xv. B 1918 i. apecronaH BLII(, sarel{ Mo6r'uIH3oBaH B K"pa&Vro apMLIro. B 1922 r. BoeHHbIfi eKcnepr Ha leHy-

escrofi xou$epeuquu, npenoAaBaJl s BoeHHoft aK Aevtrlr^ PKKA, c 1936 r. KoMKop. Penpeccupoeau.

36 K npuesAy flJrexaHosa. Cnpanxa ll flpaela. 1917.

I anoe,rq. Astou He vKa3aH. Closa f. B. flnexaHosa Ha qropilxcxoru xonnpecc6 l4utepnaq-uotta.rla 1893 r- B erofi 3aMerre II3JIoxeHbI rar: <<Ec.nn 6u ueueuruer BoftcKa ne-

peunn HaIIry rpaHl'tqy, To oHIr nepeilrJll{ 6EI xax ocgo6oirre.nr, noio6rio roMy, KaK 100 ner roMy Ha3a.q, QpaHrly3ltr HaquoHaJIbHOrO KOHBeHTa npIIIIJII'I e-fepuauuro, qio6n, no6e.u,ua rocyrapefi, Aarb HapoAy ceo6o4y>' sz [EMbf H EEAHbIR Aner- flplr4eopoa Eilr.ru rleqaraJlct B nost-6olrlleBlrK' ceeBl{q (1883-1945) <Xugsu Ang Bcex>. B- l9l7 r. 3aBeAoBaJI B llegTpanbnb* noen"o-npoMblluJleHHoM KoMurere OrAenou no o6ec236

neqeHilro npoMblrxr'IeHHblx IIpeA[pHflTlIIl pa60'rI.IM cocra-

BOM rr BXOAnT B InaBHbrft KOMnrer no orcporrKaM or

npH3brBa B apMHro. floc,re oxra6pa l9l7 i. BeAyuHfi

6o,rtulesacrcrsfi no:r-arnrarop. B cepeAr.rne 30-x rr. Bna,'r B HeMr.r,'rocrb y Crarr.rHa, 6H,r Ircx.nlo.ieH ug naprnlt.

EPEMEEB l(oncranrnn Crenanonnq (1874-1931) q;ren PCAPII c 1896 r., 6o.nrureanx, nlrreparop, flceBAoHr.rMbr: AffAr Kocrs, xusgr Kyp6cxufi, M. Me4ne4ea n 4p.

Eexas s 1904 r. r.r3 ccbrJrrrr 3a rpaHnqy, rro3naKoMlrJrcf c B. A. Ilocce. B l9l7 r. qrreH Eropo IIK PCAPE(6), corpyAHr{K <flpan4u> lr <<CorAarcrofi npaeArt>, oAI.tH It3

opraHnsaropoe Oxra6prcxofo BoccraHna a flerporpa,qe, yqacrHnK npaxAaucrori sofiHbr. flepnnfi peAaKrop xyp-

sana <<KporoAu,r>.

38 CAU A;rercau4pa Anexcangponna

ne- MeAuK, peBoArruqa, yqacrHnqa opraHr-r3arrlr14 <<)(uBur>, nepenpaB-

HeneranbHyro "'rnreparypy a Poccuro, Apyr B. A. Ilocce.

3e Manou E. HnrepHaqroHa,l, ero licropnfi Ir nplruqr.rnbr. fleperog c Qpauqygcroro, c flpeAl{cnoBr.eM. B. A. Ilocce. E. u., 1907. 56 c.

40 f. B. llrexauos rpnexan llr Cau-Peuo orpyxHbrr\,r

rqra

nyreM uepes Ann,nrrc, Ceaepuoe nrope, (DnnrsuAnro n Ho,{rto 3l Mapra ropx{ecrBeHHo Bcrpeqen Ha OlrH,'rrHAcKoM BoK3aJ're. CrpacrHufi cropounnK no6eAu Ha.iI fep-

uauuefi. Kpuruxonan MeubrrreBr.rKoB-pyKoBoAr.rreneft fler-

porpaAcKoro Conera KaK <<rroJryJreur.rHqeB> rI rre Borlen B

eto cocTaB,

4' KAMEHEB (PosenQearn) JIes Eopncoanu qrreu PCAPII c l90l r., oAnH ns pyrogoAnrerefi naprulr 6omruegrxog. B l9l7 r. qleu IIK, oAHH rr3 peAaKropoB <flpar4r,r>, qles l,Icno,rroua fler(1883-1936)

porpaAcKoro Cosera u III,IK Coaeroo, sa 6oree yMepeuHoti nosHUI-tI-r, .leu ,Ileuas. flocJte HrolrCrux Co6ntufi Cu.qe,r r <I(pecrax>, nporuBHnK BoopyxeHHoro B3srr{rl

BJIaCTI.I, HO yrIaCTBOBan B oKTt6pbCKOM BOCCTaHUU 6OAr-

rueBBKoB. 27 oxrt6pn-

8 uor6pr flepBbrfi 6onruegucr-

cxuft npe.4ceAare,rr BUHK Coneros, ocraBr.rJr nocr KaK CTODOHHIIK BKJI}OqEI{H' B NDABI'TEJIbCTBO MCHbIUCBI'KOB H eceioa. rl;ren Ilorur6rcpo'UK PC.4PII(6) r orra6pe 1917 r. u g 1919-1925 rr. flpeaceAarerrb Moccosera n

1918-1926 rr. n oAHoBpeMeHHo c 1922 r. 3aMecrnreJrb

[peAceAareJrr CHK B. Ii. JIesnHa c 1923 r. nepnufi 4r.rp6rrop l,IHcruryra Jlenuna, c 1924 r. npe.(ceAaie,'lb CoBera rpyAa u o6oponu. Esu s onnoguqr.rn TpoqroMy, sareu Cranuuy, orcrpaHeH or BJracrr.r. Penpeccr.rpoeau.

'2 B orserHoft crate <<Boftsa Hapo,[oB n Hayqubrfi

coqfiatr.r3M> f.

B. llJrexaHoe 06BuHHr <flpan.uy>> n uenpaBAe !r raK pa36scHrJr cBoro [o3r.r[uro: <<.fl aeficrsuTeJIbHo roBopn,'I oro, Ho ttoA HeMeuKnrrt goficraM]r g uoHHMa,l fepMaHr{eB, coqr.raJI-,[eMoKpaTnqecKyro apMnIo, Koropaq, noKoHqug c foresqoJr,'repHaMrr r.r c Apyu.rMr.r HeMeqKr{Mrr rocy.4,apsMr.r, ABuHynacb 6u nporna Porltanoeux,

qro6u o6ecnequt cgofi TrrJr or Bo3MoxHoro Hana.regnt u c lrx cropoHbr. Ec;ru 6u 9To npeArronox{eHrre ocyrlecr237

BHJTOCb B TeqeHr.re HacTogrqefi BofiHbr, To

t noBToplln 6i.!

To )Ke caMoe. Ho renepr flpori3olu,'ro Heqro nprMo [poTr{BonoJroxHoe. Pyccrar apuan noxonqr{Jra c PouauoiuMn r.r Boroer c BoicKaMa foresqolrepnos. HeMqaM ocraercfl Becrr.r ce6g no orHoueuuro x ueft tax xe, KaK BeJrH ouu ce6s no orHolueHnro x soficralr Qpauqygcroro xoHgenra. Ecru oHH grofo He AeJralor, To err.rgcrBeHHo lroTOMy, rrTO Tenepb oHn flBJrrIoTcfi He peBoJrrolnoHepaMH

a r-rMneprraJrucraMr.r u [roBr.rnrrcraM[>.-EAHHcrBo.

o anperfl.

1917.

a3 Tegucu <O saAa'rax lponerapnara B .(aunofi peBoJrroqnu> B. LI..Ilenun orr'racuJr 4 aupe;rn l9l7 r. s Tas-

puqecKoM ABopue na co6pauuax 6omuresfixoB H yqacrHuron Bcepocclrficxoro coBerrraHfir Coaeroe, 6 anpe.nn aa 3aceAaHr.ru Eropo IIK PCAPI(6) . Ony6.nuroaauu 7 anpenn n <<flpaa4e>. (Jlenuu B. I{. Ilo,ru. co6p. cov. T. 31.

C. ll3-1l8). Tesncsr HaMeqarru Kypc Ha pa3pbrB c coqHan-AeMoKpara3MoM u napnaMeHrapr.r3MoM, rra flHsJroxeuue BpelreHHofo npaBuTe,'rbcrBa r{ ocyuecrBJreHue coqr{aJrr.rcrHqecKofi peao;rrcqzl,l, co3AaHr{e I(ot'runrepHa, nepeuMeHoBaHr.re PCAPII(6) n I(ounyHucrurrecKyro napTUr,o. Te3HCbr npaxge6uo BcrpeqeHbr MeHbureBHKaMu, a cpeAn 6onbueBr{KoB BbI3BaJILt Al.IcKyccn}o u cHarlaJIa Ee

6u,ru npuuRru. JI. b. KaMeHes I.i Apyrue 6olruegnxn

cqxTaJrrr Kypc JIeHHHa cJrnIIrKoM pIlcKoBaHHbIM I.I oropBan-

HbrM or peanbHoft Aeficrgfirerluocru.

Ha Cearryqfi ]An-

pemcxor?) Bcepoccuftcrofr rouQepenqua PCAPn (6)

24-29 anpeJrr B. H. .Ileuus Ao6uflct [pHHtrLIt cBoero

Kypca. aa flporparrtua

n rrl'a x xouuliuH3My. nr, 1917. C. 52-61.

ycraB Corosa uruyulecrBeHuoro u TDv.rloBoro DaBeHcrBa e rH.: flocce B. A. Or KanI'ITaJI[t15 ryMIIJIEBCKIiH fles Hsanonxq (1890-1976) cosercrnfi nHcareJrb. B 1917-1918 rf. rocrotHHblfi aarcp xypHana <Xrsub AJIa Bcex>, ceKperapb Oprxouurera Bcepoccuficroro KooneparnBa npocBerlirenbHofi cauonoMourn <Xngsr A,'rq Bcex>, aBTop Lt r Qerpa.ne-uapre 1918 r. orBercrBenblfi peAaKrop exeHeAeJIbHI'IKa <BorbHufi nryr>. a6 flosecrr JI. fyrrrLr.nencxoro <Co6aqufi nepeynox>

ony6,ruronaua s 1927 r. Ir BhI3Ba,'Ia AIIcKyccHIo o Mopanlr cosercroft MoJloaexI{.

4? BOPOHKOB Ceprefi KrereHrresnq 1910 r.

- s <Cu6uppeAaKrop fa3erH <OMcKflfi secrH[K> u xypuana cxaa crioxar, s l9l2 r. peAaKrop-lI3aareJlb ra3er (Cu6xpcraa Heae.rrs> u <Zrunucxltft xpafi> (sarpura [ensy-

pofi), a l9l3 r. peAaKrop-Ir3Aare.rb ra3erbl <Hruuucrar crenb>,

B.laAuunporrq Cerex AoK?op MeAHI{IrHbI, repBHM BHAenI{n Bo3LI3 Kpacuofi pu6u, ar,IsraBuefi or' 6y.uure;rr 6oryrusrua paBneHHfl, r.r co3Aan aHTHroKcnqecKylo cblBopoTKy rIpoTI{B pn6uoro rAa; aBrop uccreAoeaHllfi o 6y6onnofi qyMe, o io;repe, sblesauuofi 6amepuRrvu BuHonpaAHoro cora, o6 opfaHfi3aqqfi can!.rrapHoro HaA3opa ua 9epnouopcxon 18 KOHCTAHCOB

(1869-?)

238

TcproBoM Q,nore; ny6.luxona;I orqerhl o AeffrerbHocrll Qeoaocuficxofi flacreioncxoft craHqlln npu Baxrepuo'roruqecrofi na6oparopun @eo,(oclrficroro KapaHrI'IHa' 4e TOKAPEB A,nexcau4p Cepreennr (1874-1943?)

-

uy6.nuqucr (nceaAounn'tu: Daxypueo, Heapor), Koofleparop. t{,leu nnrepcroro <Corosa 6opr6lt 3a ocBo6o>xAelr.re' pa6ouero r,raccatt, nporIlBHI.rK- .rieguucxofr <l,lcxon> (niprafiuure K,'IilqKlI: Buurn6ar?;ro, Jleuufi), nn-

eKoHoMr-rcr,

3Ba,r' pacKoJI'flerep6yprcxofi opraHr'rsaqr'ru -PCAPfl, cog-

Aas (oiranre" pa6oueh- opranusaqun. B 1903-1905 rr' n

flosAlree cl.tH.u,HKa,'Illcr H nocJIeAoBareJlb B. A. flocce, yqacrullK <Tpy,u,oaoro colo3a> Iloc.ne ox' rr6pa 1917 r.-Ha coBercxofi H xossficraeHHoft pa6ote' 3arurnqeHLIH.

50OJlbJlEHEyPfCKI,lH A,nexcaH4p llerpornr'

npaBHyK fla_n,ra l, reHepa,'I-aAt' roraHT u reHepaJI or- uuQ-anrepr'ru. Vqactsltx Pyccxo-Ty' peuxofi sofiHsr 1877-1878 rn. llplro6pe,r ll3BecrHocrb KaK bpraHHgarop u noneqHTe,'tb 14acrllryra gKcnepI-IMeHTa,'IbHbfi ueArrunHsl, O6ulecrsa rp$Bocrl4, HapoAsoro Aona r..rMneparopa Haxo.naR II n flerep6ypre' nepBblx qepHo' vopcir.rx KypoproB Kasxaga, noKpoBITg{b yqeHbrx-MeAH-

npuuq (1844-1933)

ros 14. fl.-ila-s,rosa r.r aP. B 1914-1917 rr. repxornnfi qacrtl.

HarraJrbHr.tK BoeHHo-caHKTapnofr

a SBaKyaqnoHHofi

3uurpanr.

5r Bneprue JIeraJIbHo flepeoe Mafi npa3AHoBaJlocb B flerporpaa6 18 anpe,rr (l uan u. cr.)- l9l7 r. Mapcono

loJre cra,.'ro oAHHM H3 Mecr MI.trI'IHroa. C rpyaonuKoB' cny)KHBrrl{x rprl6yHaltr, Bhlcrynanu pyKoBoAI{Tena flerporDaacKoro Cosera, collua.nficrlqecKl.Ix naprltfr H rpynn.

18 urosx s llerporpa,4e flpouna l4rcnrcras Bcepoccuficxal AeMoHcrpar{Hl c yuacrxe-u noJIyMH.IJIHoHa nnrepuee. Ha nefi npeb6;raaa,rlr'6omurestacrcKue no3yHru orcrasKn <10 MLtHHcrpoB-KaIILITarHcroB> ll3 KoaflHlruoHHoro xa6Ngera u nepe,u,auu ncefi rocyAapcrseHHofi Baacrn Conerau, r. e.

co3AaHlIt coIIHaJ'IHcruqecKoro npaBI.lreJlbcrBa. 3ro 6ula flocneruqfl MHpHaq penolrcquouial AeMoucrpaqr'lq 1917r-

n llerporpa4e.

5' ilPOCKYPHHH

Huxorafi

lVlrxafiaornq

crpon;r I fle(1861-1942) - xyAoxHnK-apxr{reKrop, u .ubyrux ropoaaf. B 1917 r. rep6ypre, Mocrne,'Pure

fiBrrr,'rcfi TaK)Ke roBapraurerta ripe,4ceAarels cosera nerpofpaAcKoro BeferapltaHcKoro o6ulectea n npa-ue6norI{MHacrr{rlecKoro gaBe,rl,egur <Cnopt lt lfifrleHa>. Vrrrep n 6,roraay /leHaHrpa.qa.

53 B. A. flocce pae4e;ra,r HeKoropble B3r.tIs.[,bI KH. II. A. Kponorxuua, BbIAaIouenocq reoperuKa aHapxI'I3Ma, rr c 1900 r. 6u.n c nuu B roBapI{uIecKI-Ix orHolre' lrr.rgx. B Hoqb c 30 na 3l rrlaq 1917 r., nocJre 4O-nernefi gMr{rpauu}r, ru. II. A. Kponorxuu BepHyJIct a flerporpaA

u c anranroQuJlbcK[x noguuuli ocyAun aHTI.{BoeHHyIo AetTe,'rbHocrb 6o,rruresros lI aHapxucroB. 5a flocce B. Coeecrr H Bract,' Bofiua u uzp C // Xnsnr Art Bcex. 1917. Ne 7-9 (nrc,rr-ceura6pr).

816-818. .[,aree e crarbe foBopltrcq: <fIoA BlI.qoM BnacTr.r ri[tyr noBHHoBeHHfl. Her erb. floveuy ser? A noroMy, qro B HapoAe npo6yxgaercn coBecrb. fAe cosectr,

239

TaM HeT IIOBT.iHOBeHHt BHeIXHefi BJIacTIt c ee v3aKoHeH_

HbrMr.r 3JroAerlcrBaMu BpoAe BOfiHbr r-r cMepTHori Ka3Hr.r. (...) ...Os eure Bepr.rr xrzrpunr lr 6eccosecrHirlr rr KHHxHHKaM. 3arylraHunaror oHH ero coBecrbQapnceau cJoBtMri o <<ru6e_,ru oreqecrBa), <<HauHoHa!'rbHoM Iro3ope>>, <cBr[teH-

H-otl co6crseuHocru>, <<focyAapcrBenuou raopuecrBe> Il rrp.

Ho 6Jrnslrrcx BpeMfl, KorAa nbfirrler uapoa, uro Bbrue oreqecrBa 6parcrro .rrrcAetl, Hesagucalro or rix HaunoHaJ,rbHOCTr.r, q-TO flpeAr'roxeHr]e Mupa qecTHee npoAojrxeHlrg Mti-

-

ponofi 6ofiHt, qro ttpaBo Ha )KngHb Bbnrre upaBa qacrHorl co6crseHHocru>.-Tarra xe. C. 818-819. 55 Hacryn,leulre Haqa!'rocb l6 nrcss uouquoli apru,rlepuricrori noArorosrorl Ha IOro-3artaAnorra dponre. xo-

ropuft 4o,rxeu 6u,r HaHecrH rnasHbrri yAap.' l8 HroHfl

Kopnyca yAapHofi rpynnbr HaqaJrr{ aTaKy HenpuereJrbcKr-rx nosuqnfi, 3aHrB K nonyAHro nepByq u'uecrilru BTopyo r.r rperbro Jl.rHHu oKorroB Bpara. B llerporpaAe o Hacryfl-

JreHrlu craro u3Becrno 19 urcuq.

56

UHpK 9anugerrll - lepauri craquouapHurl uHpK n _Pocculr, n_o-crpoeH s 1876-1878 rn. no sakaay aHrpe-

npeuepa _f. LlaHnser,rH B rleHrpe llerep6ypra Ha npaBoM pgpgry <Douranxu (uune JIeHr.rHrpaacrufi uupr). 6 vaa 1917 r. 3Aecb cocrorJrcfl MtrTrlHr B qecrb ,qe,reraqnn 9ep-

HoMopcKoro Q.nora. Ha HeM Bbrcrylnnr @. Earxlru,

E. K. Epeurr<o-Epeu:xoncxas, A. O. Kepeucxnfi, 3. BaH-

,u,epBenbAe, An[JroMarbr Anrauru n CIIIA H .np O rr,tfirus-

re cM.: flocce B. Bocnouuuanua (1905-1917 rr.). llr., 1923. C. 138-140.

57 flepaufi Koarrr{qnoHHbrfi xa6rser BpeueHuoro npaBureJrbcrBa cQopunpoaau 5 Maq 1917 r. l0 unuucrepcKHx Mecr B HeM nonyqnnn 6ypxyasuue lu6epa,'ru n 6 uecr corluaJrucrhr (rrleHlureeuxu, ecepu, uapolsuft co-

- n rpyAonrr). Orcraera MHHHcrpoB-KareroB qnaJ'rHcr 2 utons H MnHr-rcrpa-[peAceAareJrr rn. f. E. Jlrnoga

7 utols Bbr3Ba,'ra r;ry6oxrafi npaBuTeJrbcrBenuufi rpnsuc.

24 urem 6r,r,rr ctpopur.rpoaan rropoft KoanurlnoHnblri ra6nHer no.n, npeAceAarenbcreoM A. (D. Kepeucxoro.

58 14 urc"rs no [pr{Ka3y A. @. Kepencxoro HeyAaqHoe Hacrynnenue Ha Qpourax 6n.no npexpaqeno. 24 urorq repMaucKne soicra araxoBad'rr{ pyccKue n pyMbrucKyro apMuro. Oxecroqeusue 6on nporoJr>KaJrltcb .(o 30 urcna.

Heupurrelr saxBarnJ't falnquro. floreplr pyccrofi apurau flpeBbru]anl 150 ruc. qe,'roBeK.

5, qIiPHKOB EsreHHfi Hrxoraesuq (1864-1932)

uesecrHbrri pyccxrfi nucareJlb. C 1890-x rr. neqarancfl -y

B. A. llocce. B l9l7 r. o6opoueu, c 1920 r. snr]fpaHr. 60 noccE Koncraxrrn A.nexcan,qporn,r (1847-1928) crapurr.rfi 6par B. A. Ilocce, slrAaroqufi-

cq MareMarl.tr,- npoQeccop Ilerep6yprcroro yHrrBepcHTe-

1a, c 3 AeKa6pr 1916 r. noqeruufi q,reu Axa,1eunn HayK. Ero yue6nur He pa3 [epeu3AaBancq B coBercKae roAbr. B l9l7 r. q,ren oprKoMr.rrera Cso6oauofi accouuauuu rro

pa3BaTulo u pacflpocTpaHeHl.llio noJIo)KHTeJIbHbIx nayr. .[,O l92l r. npenoAaBaJr B By3ax. Vraep a uy6orofi 6e.quocrr, noqra ocJrenunti, a ,I[oue npecrapenbrx yqeHbrx ,rlesngrpa.(4.

240

6t XeHa K. A. flocce, 3uaras l,lsauosHa (ypoxa,euHat flocce) , 6u,ra rarxe 4rorcpo.4uoli cecrpoft 6patee.

Vuep;ra paHblxe My)r(a, B 1920-e rr.

6, TPEIyDOB ltsaH Muxafinosuq (1858-1931)

-

Tor'rcroBerr, r.rccJreAoBareJrb ceKraHTcrBa. B. A. flocce non. e Alrn,lfiH: <He6o;rsruoft u 3HaKoMgflcr c HnM B Heyrlroxuft, lrptMbtMH, aJ'rHHHbrN{r.r ceAe}ourl.tMH Bo,rocaMH, C lllrpoKoit pearofi 6opo.lofi, B craJ'rbHbrx oqax, BAaBr'reHHL,rx a uruporufi Hoc, noxoauJr oH Ha KaKoro-ur.i6y,ur

l90l

c

crapoo6pnguecKoro HaqerrrnKa>.- flocce B. A. Moir >xussesHr'rti ny"ra. C. 257.

63 groft crarse M. foplxufi nncaa: <Tperat? roA 03Bepenu, o6e3yMeMbr xnBeM B KpoBaBoNr KOuMape rr Jrr.r, ncKyccrBo noe6yxr4aer xaxAy xponn, y6aftcrBa, pa3pyrueHnr; HayKa H3Hacr.rJroBaHa MllJllrTapfi3MoM, noKopHo

B

-

cnyxr.rr MaccoBoMy ynurrrox(enuto .nrcAefi. 3ra gofina calroy6uficrno Enponu! flo4yuafire,-cKo,'rbKo 3AopoBo-

ro, npeKpacHo MblcnflI{efo Mo3ra Bbr[necHyTo Ha rpt3-

Hyro 3eMnlo 3a BpeMfl erofi nofiHu, cKoJIbKo ocraHoBn.rrocb qyrKux cepaeu! (...) He 6yAeu ucrarr BHHoBHbIx B

cropoHe or caMHx ce6a, cxaxeu fopbKyr,o npaBAy: Bce Mbr BrrHoBarbr B gToM flpecrynJreHur.r, Bce r{ rax<Aufi. (...)

Peql r.iAer He o MnnnHapAax py6,refi, a o MIr,'IJIHoHax xr.rsuefi, 6ecclrucresuo ucrpe6.nlenux uyroeuuelr XaAHocrr.r ll flynocru>.-Xfisul Arra Bcex. 1917. Ns 4 (rr,rafi). c. 533-134.

6a flocce B. Bofina. PenorrcquR. Anapxna // Xugsr

arfl Bcex. 1917. N! 4. C. 535-544.

65 Hogas Xnsnr. O6ulecrseHHo-JrnreparypHar

couuan-AeMoKparuqecKaq ra3era. l4s!,asanacs g flerporpaAe c 18 anpenn l9l7 r. no HHxr{uar}rBe rpynnbr aue$par-

IluoHHbrx

coql.lan-AeMoKpaToB-uHTepHaquoHaJrltcroB.

M. lopurui 6u,r oAsuu H3 peAaKropoB ra3erbr. B peAaxunlo BxoAr{nH raKxe H. H. Cyxauor (fnuuep) , B. A. Crpoea (.IlecHuurufi1 , E. B. AsuJros, B. A. EasapoB (Pyanee) n ap. I43.(are,reu 6nl A. H. Cepe6poe (Tnxouos). lasera AaBana Ha cBonx crpas[uax Bo3Mo)KHocrb neqaratrcq 6omlxeBltKaM, xort u ocvx(/l,aJla ux raKrnKy. Orra6prcryro peBonrorrHro scrperu;ri apaxAe6uo. B urcse l9l8 r. 3aKpbrra 6omuegurauu.

66 H. H. Cyxauon BcnoM[HaJr, qro M. foprxufi rBJrtJI-

cq noJrEbrM x03fluHoM <<Hosofi Xnggu>, pacnopflxancn

ee pecypcaMH, Ho He onpe,{,e.'rfln .[rua ra3erH. Eoree ro-

ro, oH HeAoBoneH 6u.n ee HattpaBreHHeM. <<lopnxufi ue x{e.tla.rl noruTl.rKr.r, He nepeHocnn ee B TaKflx Aosax. oH

rpe6onal Kynbrypt{, 6ura, o6utnx ropn3oHroB, Qu,roco-

Quu, ncroprlu>. <<B re BpeMeHa r He noMnro ero B xoporueu nacrpoennu. On He nlo6ltn <<Hogofi Xusnu>.- Cyxagos Hur. 3anucxlr o peBonloIlrll. Kn. 4. flepaaa roanr.rquq npornB peBonrouur{ (6 r'aaq-8 firc.rq l9l7). Eep.'run fl6.- M., 1922. C. 179, 183.

-67

llnr,r crarefi <<HecgoeBpeMeHHble MbIcJIH> M. fopt' xnfi ny6,ruxogar g <<Hosofi XHgHLt> KaK flepeAoBuubl c 20 anper'rfl l9l7 r. ro ee 3aKpbrrrn. O po.rlt eoxAefi 241

6o,rrueosfixos B BoopyxeH]iofi AeMoHcrpaqull 3-4 nn,ra c rpe6onaHueM B3flr[q CoseraN{E gcefi s,'racrrr M. fopr-

xll"i nnca,r: <<f ue uauepeH onpaBAbIBarb aBaHTIopLrcroB, MHe HeHaBncrHbI It flporlrBltbt r'rIoAI.r, aoa6yx4arcu1ue reMHbIe HHcrnHKTbr Macc, rax 6u se 6tL'm coJrHAHbI B nporrrJroM Hx 3acnyru nepe4 Poccuefi. I ayuarc, qro repMaHcKar npoBoKarllrfl co6srrufi 4 utons - AeJro Bo3Moxo6napyr{oe, Ho s AoJr)KeH cKaSaTb, qTo 3Jrafl paAocrb,

x{eHHafl HeKOTOpbTMU Jrrc,qbMn, uOC,re co6urnri 4-ro,- ro-

)Ke rpafine noAosprrre,'rbHa>>.- Hosafl XrsHs. 1917.

14 u:ons. Ocyx,4eur.re 6onrruenuxor, oAHaKo, He o3uaqaro noBopora M. loplrono BnpaBo, oH caM [oABeprcfl TpaB-

;re e 6ypxyasuori nerlarlr 3a r.rH?epHat{uoHaJII{3M Ir JIeBr.r3Hy.

68 3 rlro.ns llerporpaa y3Han 06 yxo.qe MHHHcrpoB-

KaAeroB r{3 npaBIlTeJrbcrea. flo fiHLIuuarfiBe aHapxncroB-

KoMMyHr.rcroB H JreBauKlr HacrpoeHHbIx 6o,rurIeeuros I -fi nyleuerusrfi [onK yBneK sa co6orc Ha Boopy)KeHHyIo AeMOHCTpaqHIO IIpOTLIB npaBI-ITeJIbCTBa, 3a B3tTI]e B,'IaCTII pa6outtx Conerauu, peBoJrloutroHHbIe qacru rapHx3oHa llyrn,roacroro ApyrHx 3aBoAoB.,II,euoHctpantt{ 3aHfl,ru flerpouannoBcKylo Kpe[ocrb I-{ oKpy)KIrnH Tanpuuecrrii

u

lI

ABopeu, r.rle 3aceAano pyKoBoAcrBo Coseros. 4 utow', c npu6ueuruuu ns Kponurra4Ta MoptKaMH, AeMoHcrpaHTbI cocraBJrrJrr{ yxe no,itMHJIJI!,OHa qenoBeK. flpoueoru,nn croJrKHoBeHHr MexAy HHMLI H BepHbIMa Bpelrleuuouy npaBrrrerbcrBy BoficKaMl-t. flpaene gKcrpeMucrbl o6crpe.nueanr-r AeMoHcrpauroB c rpuu. 56 qeroBeK 6ut.tto y6lIro u 650 paueuo. Asa;roruqsne AeMoHcrpaIItH HaqaJlficb no nceft crpane, Ho pyKoBoAcrso Cogerog orKa3anocb B3trb sa ce6s Bclo nonnory rocyAapcrBeHuofi sracru u ctpopMHpOBarb APyroe npaBllTenbcrBo. 6e UnpK <Mo.(eps> unpK B Harlare - aepeBtHHtilfi psAoM c oco6nsrot'l KpoHseprcxoro [pocneKTa, iVl. (D. Ru-recuHcKofi. OrKpbIt s 1909 r. Bueulal Ao 5 tnc. epnre.nefi. .Il,eureensHa 6ureros n 6e.quocm tHrepbepa cHucKaJIIl eMy penyTalllrrc npocToHapoAHoro, B orJll'Iql-le oT qupxa Lluurse.n,ru. C rvrapra l9l7 r.-.Mecro peBonloqnouHbrx MurHHfon. floc;re roxapa g l9l9 r. paso6pau Ha ApoBa. 70 EE6KA

Ilocce Ceprefi B,raAlrMnposn't

cbIH B. A. llocce a A. H. Fopuau. Po' - '<<6961t). nogToMy AHJ'rcr B Aurrnu, -BB ceMbe ero 3Ba,'ru be6ra

(1901-1940)

xouue l9l7-1918 rr. qJreH 6ropo yqaulrxcfl 6orsuresuxoe flerporpaAa. flosAHee

or anrnuficxoro

,urdH UKK Korr,tnaprltt Ee"lopyccuu t.i r,'IaBa Eenopyccxoro

I,Icrnapra. B 1938 r. perpeccnpoBaH.

7' BOnTI,IHCKUn Blatuxup Canerteuq qrleu PCAPfi c 1905 r., 6omutewr, n - npeAceAarenb flerep6yprcroro Cosera 1906-1907 rr.

6espa6orHux, sarelr s rlopbMe H ccblrKe a _C-lr6npn. C (1885-1960)

anobrq 1917 r. Megruresr.tK-o6opogelr, q.nes Hcnolrorua lleiporpaAcxoro Cosera H qJIeH peaaKIIHI'I <HsBecrlrfi flerporpa4cxoro Corera>, B aBfycre-ceura6pe npaBI'I' remcrseHHHfi KoMuccap 12 aplr,run u Ceaepnoro Qpoura' 242

B Kouue oKrfl6pq yqacrHuK floxoAa KepeHcroro-Kpacuona Ha llerporpaA, nocaxen 6omureenxauu n flerponan' noBcKyro xien6crr. floc.ne eunrpaqxrl B 1921 r. e lepMarrrlro H 3areM B CIIIA cral u3BecrHbIM 9I{oHoMI'lcroM. 72 Co6urus 3 urorq sacraJlu B. H. Jlesuna B (DIIH' nflHAnx, rAe oH cKpblBatcfl Ha Aaqe B. .[,. Eonu-Epyeauqa c 28 nrcns, [ocKonbKy a llerporpaae Bo3HEKaJIa yrpo3a AJIn efo )KII3HLI. Viporra 4 HIoJIfi,-no eusoay.UK ircApn(o), B. H. JIeHun Bepgyncrl n llerporpaA ^(ot.: gepunen'ti. flsm Anefi s Hefi-Bojre]/ Eutue nour: O'rep-xn. 3rp"co"rn. BocnouunaHus. .Il,oxynaenrst. JL' 1985.

C. 4l-64). Coseqaglre 6o.nl[esuxoe noA pyKoBoAcreoM B. I,I. Jlesusa n TaapuuecroM ABopqe s Hoqn c 4 ua 5 Nrcns nocraHoBl.tr'Io ttpeKparuTb AeMoHcrpaI1uq. ?3 nETPOBCKUn Fpr.rropufi I,lsaxoerq qleH PCAPil c 1897 r., npeAceAarerlb (1878-1958) IV foc. AyMtI, cocnaH c HeIo B Sparuuu 6o,rnuegnros i6s6oe 1914 r. s Cu6apr. C rourda r.rrosx l9l7 r. rr,lurnnrosbrfi oparop a llerporpa4e, 3areM s Erarepuuocnaae. Hor6pr' 1917-1919 fr. HapKoM BHyrpeHHHx .ue;r. B ltl4!!-qol919-19i9 rr. npeAceAarenr Bceyxpartscioro -nc-aexa6pn 1922 n. neron (BepxoeHoio Coeera VCCP) o.aHH x3 qerblpex npeAce,u,arenefi UHK C-CCP, c 1938 r.

3aMecrl{Te,rb npeAceAarenfi flpesn4uyrua Bep-xosnoro Cosera CCCP. B uapre 1939 r. orcrpaHeH Cra,runr'Iu co Bcex [ocroB, Ho penpeccupogau se 6ll.lt'

?4 CIIHPIIIIOHOBA Mapnn A,nercau4Polua (1884-1941) Bo>KAb neBux ecepoB. 3a y6nftcteo raMycMlipfiTerq KpecrbflH' B 6oecxoro anqe-ry6epuaropa, 1906-Napre l9l7 rr. Ha cu6upcxofi_xaropre. 4 vrotn' t9l7 r. nh saceAanulr pyKoBoAcrBa Coseros r Taapn-

qecKoM ABopq,e noaaepilalra rpeAnoxenlre IO.. O. MaproBa o crpo-puuporauur.r npasutelrcrBa c npeo6la4anueu noeacrasfiieiefi-Coeeros, io ono He 6u.lo npunxro' floc.ni oxrr6pa l9l7 r. q.nen flpe:n1nyr'aa BI{HK Cosetos

rr roBapurrt flpeAceAarers IIK .nelux 3cePoB' -flporunnrqa Epe'crcxor6 ur.rpa u npeBpauefiI'In BJIacrI'I Coseros so srac"o PKn(6). floc;le Mciexa neBrrx ecepoB 6 nrcnq

l9l8 r. HeoAioi<parno penpecenpoBana' 3 oxrn6ps 1941 r. paccrpenrua e Op,noecrofi rlopbMe BMecre c r'pyfl{Mr BTTAHbIMTI AetTensMLI peBOIIOUHU.

qacrll

75 Bonscrue flerporpagcxoro rapHI'I3oHa' fiB,'IflBIIIUCCq YqACTHHUAMI' PCBONIOUHOHHOIO BbICTYNNE'

ur.rr 3-4 nrclR, 6Hlu no,nnocruo ,nu6o qacruqHo pac-

Qoprrmponann. lraslrblfi 3acrperblql-rK I{x BblcrynreHHn f-ft ny.neruernufi no.lx 6tl.rI pasopyxen, 45 nyleuerqlrKoB aDecroBanu. ,[l,Jts sHeulHeno sQ$erra 3ry aKuHIo npoBe,nr 8 sto.ns Ha .fl,nopqonofi n,nouraan. Hs 19 ruc' nyneMCT'IIIKOB -ruc. NOC,TC PACQOPMI,TPOBAHH'I IOJIKA OCTANACb JIRIIIb

qeroser. 'g inri e*crynlenua ren. JI. l. KopnaJroBa oHr.r oxpaHRnI{ p$IrAeHuI{n Bpeuennoro trPaBIr-

I

TeJrbcrBa 3urr,rs-lrrt 4nop6u, a e oxtn6pe-ura6

goccras-

urrax 6c,ruueguxos Clvlomnufi. B Qenpa.ne 1918 r' ottu conpoBoxaaJll{ noesA, nepeaosnnruufi s6rorofi sanac loc6auka us flerporpaAa n MocxeY. 213

76 Peurenue o6 apecre B. I4. ,rleiruna, f. E. 3laHosrega, JI. E. l(araeueoa H ,trI. L. Tpoqxoro Bpeueuroe npaBrre,'rbcrBo rp4lrfl.Lo s_2 \aca yipa 7 urcni. H cpa3y )xe

Ha KBaprrrpy M. T. E,ureapoBa Ha lllupor<ori ynuue, rAe 6unu nponlrcanu B. Z. /IennH n H. K. Kpyncraa, rn9xa4_ e_oopylKeHHL,rfi orpa4 AJrtr o6ncxa u apecra.

B. lI. .IIeuuH n f. E. 3lrHogreg cKpbrr'rr.tcb B noaflor'rbe. a trI. b. Kar'reues H JI. .[. Tpour<ui-sasgrllu s UHK Co-

BeroB o cBoeM cof,raclta orAarbcfl B pyKH elacrefi, ec,ru

III4K CoeeroB caHKrlr.tounpyer r{x apecr. ?? CTEKJIOB (Haxaruxnc)

K)pnfi Muxafi,rosuq

(1873-1941) peBoJrroqronHoM ABu)KeHHrl c 1893 r., - B @enpalrcxoft peBonrcqrru .r,reH I4cnor6orlruesur. floc,re

xoua flerporpaAcKoro Coaera, ororueJr or 6o.lnuesuxog Ha rr03r-rrIHn peBor'rroUltoHHoro o6opouuecrBa, Ho noAAep)KUBaJ'I ItX nO MHO|HM BOIIpOCaM I{ 3a 3TO [OABepIanCi rpaBrre. Hoqrrc 7 HroJrfl Bbr3BaHHHfi CrerrosHu A. @. Kepeucxuft ABaxAbr npe/I,orBparuJr ero apecr n pacnpaBy HaA HrrM CO CTOpOHbT BpbrBaBrUuXCq B ero KBapTr.rpy BOessux. Ha Apyrori AeHr Crex.noe yexa"'r Ha 4auy r Quu.rrrHAr.rrc, B AepeBHro Herlro,ry, lr 10 urc,rq 6u,l apecro-

BaH TaM orprAoM roHKepoB, pa3brcKuBaBurux B. Yl. trleHVHa, V CO CBfl3aHHbrME pyKaMr.r Ha rpy3oBnKe ,[OcTaB.ueu n flerporpaA, rAe BcKope 6Hr ocso6oxAeH. K oKra6pn l9l7 r. BHoBb B pflAax 6onuuenuron, yqacrluK Hx BoccraHr.rr, cran peAaKropou <<Hsnecriafi BIII4K>, q,leHoM llpesu,4uyrr,ra BUHK. flosAnee Ha xypuanucrcKoir, aAMr-r-

uucrparuauofi u uayuuori pa6ore. fla;r xepraoft craran-

crux penpeccnli.

9 urorq. <D. <D. PacB ror xe ,u,eHb B Topueo, ua rugeAcrofi rpannqe apecroBaHa A. M. Ko.rrlonrafi, Bo3BpaqaBurarcfl r-r3 Crorronrua, r4e oua 6una Bo BpeMs co6nrnfi &-4 urcnq. JI. ,{,. Tpouxufi l0 upJrq ony6ruxoaa,r rrncbMo Bpeuenuouy [paBnTenbcrBy o cBoefi nonuofi connAapHocru c B. 14. .IleuuHuu, I. E. 3rHoBbeBbrM r JI. E. I(arrreueruu. 23 utols, A. B. Jlynavapcxuit u .n. ,[,. Tpoqruft rarxe 6u.nu apecrosanH. Bcex Hx 3aKJrroqr.r!'rr.r n flerporpaAcl(yrc oAnHoqHyro rropbMy 78 JL E. KaMeHes apecroBan

KoJ'rbHuKoB cAa,rct B,'racrrM 13 r.rrc;rg.

<Kpecru>.

7e I I urous <<Hosafl Xlrsnb> noMecruJra ua rpemefi crpaHnrle <flucluo B peAaKrrl{rc> 3a noAnrrcrMn: <H. JIeuuu, l. 3uuonren, IO. KaveHes>. K uucrruy AaHo npnMeqaHHe: <Or PeA.: floueulas Hacrorruree nucbMo, MH BO3Aep)KHBaeMCg OT BCSI(UX KOMMeHTap[eB B HaAeXAe, ,Iro C,'reAcrseHHaq KoMrccHrI cKopo Br,rHecer no gToMy

Aeny cBoe oKoHqareJrbHoe MHeHne>. <flucltrlo B pe.ll,aKqzrc <<Horofi fiusnll> BKJ'rroqeno g norHoe co6paHue coqHueuufi B. H. JIesuHa-T. 34. C. 6-7. floAnucr.r 3nHoBbeBa

u KaMeHesa B HeM orcyrcrByror, He Boclpon3-

BeAeHO lI npHMeqaHr.ie ra3eTbr.

80 <<Ha Bcro xH3Hb ocraHyrct B IIaMtrn orBparlr-

Te,'rbHbre Kaprr.tHbr 6eayuua, oxBaruBrrrero flerporpaA Anervt 4-ro uro,rq. Bor, ouqeruuqcb BUHToBKaMU nyJreMeraMr.I,

lr

r{qnTcr, ToqHo 6eueHaq cBr.rHbt, rpy3oBnK aatouo6ufls, 244

TecHo Ha6IlTbIft pa3HourepcTHbIMI.I npeAcTaBHTer'ItMH (<pe.BoJrrouioHHofi ailtulrr, cpe4n aux crour ncrpenauHuft IOHOITIa I{ OpeT ucTepl.lqecK]I:

C6ura,ruras peBonlounfl, rosapuqu!> - !qp"-xufi M. Hecnoeepeuenriue rt,Iuc.nn ll Hosan XusHl' 1917'

l4 Hrorq.

8r Ha Mypr-rucKoM npocneKre, r Jlecuo^n, 6u,ro Asa xrlHeuarorpaqd: u3.ner<rpb-rearp> B aorue 3l u <<HosbIii rearpt B .u,oue 61.

8o flocranog,teHue o BBeAeHult B orgolueHul{ BoeHHopaccrpe!'I r'r o6 yupexcnyx(auHx cttleprHofi Ka3HI{ qep$ -cyAoa npuHnro aeiuu soeuuo-peao,noqnonnux -Bpe-6uno MeHHbIM ttpaBHreJlbcrBorlt l2 nrc,rs l9l7 r. no rpe6oeaB. H' rex' Krerra6oscxoro, f.

HusM reH.'JI. Kopnlrrosa, nDaBareJIbcrBeHHHx KoMuccapoB E.

B. Caguttxoga'

M. M. On,ronenxo, B. fI. fo6euua, Korophlx noAAep>{<a"rl sepxosnufi rJIaBHoKoMaHAyroulufi res. A. A. 6pycu;roa. ea qEPETEJIH [pax.nnfi feoprnenur (1881-1959) A. Crolunnsuu 3 urous foc. AyMbI, KaK qJIeH ee coI1nan-AeMorparl'r1907 uecrofi Qparuuu, ocyxaeH, 6 ,rer npor^eu B KaMepe-oal'IHoqKe, sareM cocnaH noa Hpxytcx. B 1917r. soxAr 6roxa o6oponueB MeHbueBHKoB H ScepoB B llerporpaacKoM

MeHbrrreBr.rK. floc;Ie pairona

r. II

Cosere,' 5 uas

lI.

-

23 woas, MIrHIrcrp notlr Il re;r-e-r-p-aQ-oa,

roBapuu npeAceAarell IIHK Co16 uronq-25 orrn6pa BeroB. croDoHsllx xecrroft no,'II{TI'IKI'I g orsoueuuu 6olrrrleBrlKoB. Vqacrsnx Vuperurelrnux co6paHnfi Poccuu n MeHblueBl-rcrcKoe npaBI{TeJIbcrBo lpvsHu. flDeactasrq,'I 'py6eNor'.r.

C 1948 r. s CIIIA.

firysnu sa

84 nyPnUIKEBl,lq

(1870-1920)

B;raAnunp Mnrpo(Daxoau,t

6eccapa6crnfi noueulur, Aenyrar II' III'

npaaux. 1904-1906 rf.-roBaiV foc. ayu-0paxuua prul npeaci,uare.ns uCorosa pyccKoro Hapo,[a], s 1907 r. co3AaJr cBon qepHocoreHHylo opfanfl3aqhlo <flalara Muxau,na Apxanne,na>. B nepBylo MIrpoBylo BoHHy ynor'lH-or,roqeunufi Kpacnoro xpecia-xa QpoHre. OAnu na y6t{ftu

l. PacnvruHa. B l9l4-1917 rr. sogr,'IaBntt MoHapxu.ne no6eaonocsoft aofiHu>, 3aMeIIraHHoe B noAforoBKe qecroe u-O6qecrno Pyccrofi locyaapcraennofi rapru noc-

I(opnuroncroto Mflrexa. flpecaeaoea.ncn Bpeueuuuu np-aslriemcrsol,{ n 6o.nuueguxirr,lu. Vqacrsnx be.noro ABIlxeHII'.

s5 flocce B. O6urecrseHgafi xH3Hb. I( rperuefi rolosutune uupoaoft sofiHH // Xusgr Ant Bcex' 1917. Ne 6'

c.754.

ao [Heu 14 anrycra Ha )KeJl$Holopoxttofi craHlrlrn flopoxoeas, B npeAMecrbli Kasauu, BocnJIaMeHI'IJII{cb Ba-

ronu c ce,rurpofi H or HIlx HaitaJIIl B3pblBarbcg aprlrnne-

pr.rficxne cHaptAH, [puforoBnenHble K,ornpaBKe Ha QpoHT'

hoxap oxsirlrr riopoxoeue norpe6a, aprunnepnficrue cK,rarH c MI.IJIJII{oHoM cHaplAoB, 6axN c xeQrln, flopo-

xogofi sagoA. Cuapr.u,u caMI'I pa3neraJlltcb' [olraAat B c'IIo6oAn na oKpauHe KasaHx, Koropyo o-xBarnra rIaHIlKa' 15 anrycra nolKap npoAorxarcq' I'l D Ka3aHH BBeJIII Bo'

245

eHHoe noJ'roxeHr.re (orMeHexo 17 aBryc?a). Or xaracrpo_

Qu nocrpa4a,ru cno6o.4u Aarr.rrlpa;rreftcnai, 6. u M. I,Iiy-

MHoRr,l, .flroAHaq H ap.; Aorna cropeJtr{ xr-rusqecxrafi ai_ BOA ll. I\. ylIIKOBa, HecKoJtbKo KoxeBeHHLrX 3aBO,tloB. 3Ha_

qHreJrbHo nocrpaAanu_- ApyrHe npeAnpuflTHr, nors6,:u r z Tbrc. ny!'ret\{eToB. fla BeporTHocTb cn.naunporaunofi

aKrIHn npoTnBHnKa yKa3brBaJlu noxapbr H B3pbrBH 3aBO-

AoB B Apynnx ropoAax: e llerporpaae I I annycra, Ha

uxTe,-nopoxoBbte 3aBoAbr c 3anacaMr,t aprn,t,repuftcxttx

cHaprAoB, l6 asrycra-saro4 <BecrtHnay-s>; s'Mocxee l8 aarycra-Ilpoxopoacrax uauySaxrypi. 6ypxyaanaa npecca BbrcKa3brBalra noAo3peultfl TaKxe B aApec 6onbrxe_ BIlKOB, a COBercKue ncTopnKH KoHrppeBonroquoHepoB-

- aarycfa g KaeaHu-6brKopHanoBrIeB. I(atacrpotpa l4-15 ra oco6o Bbl,[er'reua B npnKa3e yqacrHrrKa l(opgll,roscroro Mrrre)t(a, Kor\.taH,[ytouero 3-rtl xasarepuficxutr,t KopnycoM,. ferrepaJr-.qefiresarrra A. M. KpuuoBa or 29 anrycra c o6rqcueHrleM npHqrJH Br,rcryflJ'renut Kopnyca Ha flerpo-

rpa.l Ar'rr HaBeAeHufl nopflAKa.

87 3ror noaBur coBepur.rJ'r

AHpeKTop flopoxoaoro sa-

BoAa .reH_e-pan-.nefireHaHr Bceno.'ro4 Bceno.no.qoeuu JIyr-

nuuxuri. Koraa 14 aBrycra Bo3HnK noxap, oH npuKa3Jr ocragoBurb Ma[HHbI l.i 3aro[HTb goAoii MacreDcKne. rITo-

6H fis6exarn 83pbrBa 3aBo1a, ru6e,rtuoro a;ts KasaHH. Pa6oqre B ucnyre pae6exalucr, u ou ,&eficrgoBaJr caM. 3a,reresrIrnM cHapqAoM eMy oropBaro pyrv. ,llnrut uepea

ABa rraca ucTeKaBlxero KpoBbro reHepaJra IocTaBHnu B na3apeT, rr Hoqr,rc oH cKoHqancq. KasaHn TopxecTBeHHo xopounna cBoero cnacnrens. 17 aBrycra B ofpaAe qepKrn flopoxoaoro 3aBoAa.- Bo,rxcro-Kaucr<aa peul. 1917. l7-20 anrycra.

88 MorosH,'rlrxa (Morornluxancrufi 3aBoA)

noce-

- 6r,l;r .[or s 4 Bepcrax ceBepo-BocrorrHee fleprr]r. B ueu

rpynueftmufi rorAa Ha Vpa;re raseuHnfi opyanrtrHHr? eaao.q-<<flepucKne nyueqHbre 3aBoAbt>. CosAaH s l87l n., uuue flepuct<Hfi llaulrnocrpoure,rtnsrfi 3aBoA rrM. B. 14. .IIe-

suna. B l9l7 r. Ha HeM Hacqr.rrbrBaJrocr l9 rnc. pa6o-

qux.

8e Brlrfluile 6o.nsuregnros s Moronn,'ruxe 6u,'ro cll,'tHee, qeM e fleplru. Eute 7 Maq MoroBluruxltHr:br HaqaJrr.r 6oftxor 6ypxyasuorl npeccbr. 3a arc;lr oml6pr, vlrclo 6o,rruesnl{oB cpeAn Hrrx yBeruqr{r'rocr -c 1600 ,u,o 2600-

!0

nonHTKa rocyAapcrBeHuoKopHr.uoecxufi rusrex - BepxoBHoro fo nepeEopoTa noA HaqaJIoM rJ'raBHoKoMaHAyroqero feHepa!'ra ,II. l. I(opuur'roBa c rlenblo ycraHoBJreHHfl BoeHHorl 4uxrarypu. 25 anrycra on 4enuy,l aorl-

cKa Ha flerporpaa, rpe6ya orcraBKfi Bpelrenuoro npa-

BureJrbcrBa r.i npne3ra A. (D. Kepeucxoro s Crasry. V,uap-

noti cn,rofi arux soficr 6u,r 3-fi xouslrfi Kopnyc reuepana

A. M. Kplrvona (cv. npuueuaHue 86). Erray nopyqa;rocr gofiru n flerporpal u pa3orHarb Coseru .[,enyraToB. Coall4apHne c Mtre)KHflKaMn MrrHr.icrpbI-KarerH 27 aarycra BbrruJra B orcraBKy. I(epeHcruft o6tarnl l(opHI'IJ'IOBa MnTeXHI-IKOM

H O?CTpaHHn OT AOI)KHOCTH. K 30

aBrycra rBr.rlKeHue aoficr KopultJroBa ocrauoB;reno r.r 3l 246

aBrvcra o6:btB,'IeHo o ,'IIIKBI{aalrult MflTe)Ka: A.. M' Kpqi,Il"'- tu.tp""olt.rcq. JI' f. KopHu,ron, A' C' 'IIyrorr'lcxufi'

A. I4. AeriurliH I{ .llpyrue reHepanbl 6blnil- apecroBaHbl' 3ru co6HrIrs AarH I'IMny,rbc K MaccoBo[ ooJlbuieBH3atl'lli Coserog.

el .IL E. Karraeues ocBo6o)KAeH Ir3 <KpecroB> 4 anryc-

ra. lt.-tr.-TpotrK"A- 4 ceurr6ps. floc;re no6eAH-6onb' Cosera uliu"*oi uf--nepensr6opax rerpotpa4croro ns 6p an npeAceAare"le{- (crtleJI*. n:' T;"o*fi 25' ceurn6pn 'o gxerase) n orri6pe sosr,laeils"I flerpo'

"r"-u.'c. BPK rura6 goccrauus 6omruesliKoB ltporltB rpa4crufi -

Bpenennoro nPaBItre.rlbcrBa. e2 1 ceurx6pR 1917 r. Bperraeunoe npaBlrrerbcrBo npoBo3rracuJlo Poccuro pecny6.nrzxoft. .II,;rn yxpen'neHul aBTo-

;;;;;;-;;;";teno""e'a Ili4K coeeroe cossar 14-22 certiq6on e'llerporpaAe Bcepoccuficroe AeMoKparl{qecKoe co"auran"e. Vno,rnovoqensurtan Ha Hero l(ooneparlrB 6oxeu-X"i* an" ncex, us6pa,r B. A. flocce n K' H' ro.,Il,evoxparltqecKoe coBeulaHue BbIAeJIIl"Io Il3 cBoero

npococraBa npeAcrannre.nefi scex Qpaxuuft H. rpyfln' PocflopufioHa,'IbHo qItcJIeHHocrIl, uo i3peuenHulfi Coser coBellare!'Ib' cuficxofi pecny6,ruru (flpeanaplauenr)

-

rrlreirrcrae, xoropufi sa' n"n--op.u'" nprl Bper'reHubru n[ '7-25 pa-

."aun u Mapiluncriou ABopIre

oxta6pa u 6un

3of HaH 6ofl ruresltraN{I.i.

e3

<Aapopa> B nepBylo MIrpoByIo aoiHy-sxo-

Kpeficep -6u.n npnnacaH K rerbar;, s illo ofnraay i<peficepoi, ia'rusa' C 25 ox' cHHrOoDcv Lt oxpaHflr'l yctle^Orlncxoro -Hor6px l917 r. xpeficep 6ul Ha t"o"i 'tStO r. iro 28 perubnre s llerporpa4e. Peuonr 3art-HyJlcq n3-3a HexBarxu gvxsux coproB cralu. B ,u,uu KopnuloBcKoro Mtrenpaxa csoAlras pora anpoponueB o^xpaHtJla BpeuenHoe s'3ur'rHeri asopue. 25 oxrn6pr xolocrofi nu"*.ni.i"o crar csrria;lorta K llrypMy Asopua 6o"rr.tp"ji--a"popbl> IIICBI{K MI'. ea <Xussr

AJII Bcex> [pI{BercrBoBaJIa pa6ory II BcepoccuficKoro c'be3Aa Coeeros -ll ony6"'tllxonana AeKperbl o Mlrpe H 3eMrle: 1917. Nb 10-12' C' 944-950' e5 -H. AOI,IHOIEHOB Huxo,lafi A,rexcaHlporu'r (ncea-Crennoft) (1878-1947) - x{eJle3HoAopoxuufi aon"nn yuactnux pLao.ttrou"lr 1905-1907 rn' s ToMloy*uur"n, 'neptiyro ruup6nyrc eofiny co'tlAar 3-ft oco6ofi .*6- g i u II Bcepoccuficrux 6o""ul" sb "opa"qdu. h"ne.at pyccxoil Aarop xunr <3ranu A;;;;; Coeero'B -Be'nuxofi DeBo,'IpunH> ( l9l 8) , <<Ee'rue pa6bl' tsocnoMHHaHutl o (1925) , <Totrrcrnfi rocrep:-1905 r'> ["*ui=*t."" dpo"ti,i, iigt'5)'-; !p. ' breu af ar"taiypra Anexcauspa Atpuuore' HOBA.

e6 CrenHoir H. Omn6plcxue AHH // Xuaus Ar'tt Bcex.

1917. Ne 10-12. C. 941. Orroqnq aBropa' s7 06 grorrl BblcrynreHHll B' A. llocce n qupxe <<Mo-

npanop' AepH> BcIIoMuHaJI yqacrHl{x II clegAa Cos-erog HeAaBHero i.in Iauu" EoAqurKlrlr: DoAqurl4lt V'-X',11 iiiili"ri"."-ll-fipo .tpunt Coseroe. JI', 1988' c' 68'

247

nt.I. A. Tpouxrafi, nocr're orpaxeHr.rfi HeyAaqHoro no-

xoAa KepeHcKoro-l(p4sH9s6 ua llerporpaA, npfiexan An, apecra reH. n. H. Kpu."ona n laruilny. Tirra xe, B rracrHOM AOMe, fiOcne_ orpeqeHr.rr oT flpecTona, xu.n l.r;raAruurt opar .tl^Hl(-onafl ll, BerltKrlfi rHqsr MHxazl Aaexcau4po_

Baq (1878-1918) . Heo6ocHosaHHo roAo3peBafl ero B nplqacrHocrr.r K noxo,u,yr JL /1,. Tpoqxr.rfi apebrona;r neln_ '4eHr

KHq3r il oro6paj 6payHnHr. B Bcrpeqfi Sorq B. A. flocce . /1. ,['. TpouiuM geruxuri x""sr nuxoa"rcrpaxeft n Cuom,sou. 13 ro:6pr flerporpag-lt9A -.1 9"fIJPK^pa3peuun cKnr{ eMy BepHyJbca e laruuny. B 6erP?Jre I 9l 6 n. ero BbrcnaJrrt r lleprrar. TaM, e Hoqb Ha 13 urcus, ou 6H;r roxt,tlr1eH pa6our.ruu Morosnruxu fi no perxeHnlo Hx Cosera aacrpeJreH B Jrecy.

nn_3^$KlItl4- [|saH A6pauonuu (lg8S-1928) q,reu PCnPI c 1903 r., 6o;riurennx, lT' pas noaBepran-

cfl apecry.^ flaprufiH_ue KrrHqKu: Bauq-KiuxHnn, Baur-

Teope'rr{K. OxoH,rn,'r Cop6ouuy, AoKTop 6lronorr.rrl. Vqacr-

nur_Oxu6prcxoro socCraHur. C Hoa6pn l917 r. Ao Ma,

l9l8 r.

3aMecTHTeJrb HapKoMa uuocrpanusrx

AeJr. JI. L. Tpoqxufi scnoMuHal,-uro sa6orn no uaprouary npeAocraBnn> 14.

A. 3a,nrr-rHAy H Marpocy SSe,rSKo-y H. l. Mapxrny.-^^Jpo-uxq4 il._n. K ucrirpurl pycixoii peBonrorturl. M., 1990. C. 214.-V. A. 3arxuia eoirrruporar nepnufi cocrar corpyAHr.rKoB HKH[, ny6;rilroian ceKperHbre AunJ'roMarr.rqecKne AoKyMeHTbr qapcKoro n Bpe_ MeHHoro npaBurenbcrB, peAaKrHpoBa.rr ra3ery <@axe.n> Anr HeMerlKr.rx BoeHHottneHHHx. flosAHee aHnJroMar. r00 Cusrenue B. A. llocce Bbr3BaJr nepnufi Kpr.r3uc Cosercxoro npaBHTenbcrBa. fIoA Aag.nenulM B[xlxe.rrq

(Hcno,rxorrla Bcepoccaricxoro coro3a xeJre3HoAopoxHbrx

pa6ovnx n c,ryxaqux) AeJrefaqur IIK 6o,'ruueglixoe so

rJraBe c .II. 6. KarraeneBbrM Ber'ra 30-31 oxrq6pr neperoBopbr c MeHbrxeBr.rKaMr.r r.r 3cepaM[ o rpoprr,rlrpon-aHulr [paBr.rreJrbcrBa u3 npe4cranure.ileft Bcex coquanncrnqecKl,Ix napruft, or 6o,rruresfixos Ao Hapolnbrx couuanucroB. Eomurerrrxarra npeAbrBunr{ rpe6ondnlra orxa3a or B,'racTr.r LoBeToB, HeyqacTHt B npaBr.ITeJrbcTBe <<IIepcoHaJIbHbIx BuHoBHr.rKoB Orra6pncxoro trepeBopora ,IIenuria u Tpou-

Koro)>, BbrABuxeHr-re B Ml.IHr.rcrpbl-rrpeAceAarenrr soxAef, ecepoa B. 14. tlepnoaa r.uu H. [. AnrcenrteBa r-r r. A.

qreHbr IIK B. Il. /1,. Tpoqrift, lo.,lu -V1. .IIeHaH, 14. B. C'ra.nnn, fl. M. CnepaJros, @. 3. .fl,sepxirncrd, A. A. lloQQe, A. C. Ey6iroa, f. f. Coxomurxos u M. K. Mypanoe norpe6onann pa3pbrBa neproaopor. Hecor.racHHe c HnMn JI. E. Karraenes, A. 14. PHros, B. lI. Mu;rrorun, f. E. 3uHosreg r B. fL Horun 4 Hoq6pfl 3asBr{Jrn o BbrxoAe H3 IIK, B orcraBKy yrlnu u HapKoMbr roproBnn H npoMbrrx.rreHHocrn B. II. HoruH, BHyrpeHur.rx ae,r A. I,I. PHxos, BeM,'reAeJrHs B. fI. Muarori.rn, npoAoBonbcrBx" !.

Vl. Teo4oponlr,r. I( Huna npucoeAr.rHirJrlrcb A. E. PqeaHoB, KoM[ccapbr no AeJraM treqa?rl H. ,[gp0"rreB, rocyAapcrseHHbri ranorpaQufi C. B. AptL 6yson, KpacHofi rBapAarr K. K. IOpen6n, - eane4youqne orAeJ'raMH KoMnccapuara rpyaa l. @. @e4opoa n IO. JIaplu (M. A. .rlypre) . Hx noAAepxaJr, Ho ocraJrcs Ha roc248

al

ry HapKoLr rpyAa A. f. lllasnunror. 8 nor6pr JI. E. KaMeHeBa cHrJn{ c rocra npeAceAareJrt BUI'IK Cosemg n 3aMeHrrJrH 9. M. CnepaJIoBbIM.- Cu.: flpororo.nu lletrpanbuoro KoMurera PCAPI(6). Arryct l9l7-tpeupa,rr l9l8: M., 1958. C. 133-145.-flosluee B. H. Jlesun nnca,r: <9epee HecKoJIbKo HeAertb

- caMoe 6o,rnuee uepes

Bce 3Tn ToBapr.tulu yBIIAe.'Iu cBolo HecKoJrbKo MecsqeB orun6xy u BepHyJrncb Ha caMue orBercrBeHuble naprufinHe flo;ttt. co6p. cov.

H coBercxne nocrbl>.- JIensH B. T. 4t. C. 417.

-

I{.

r0r B. A. flocce qnrnpyer 3affg,'regue B. fl. Horxsa, A. I{. Purosa r{ Apyrnx HapKoMoB Ha saceAaHr{r.r BUHK 4 Hoa6pn o csoefi orcranKe,- Hssecrus IIHK n flerporpaAcKono Conera. 1917. 5 uor6pr; flpororoau.,. C. 136.

JtIyHAqAPCKHn Auaro;txfi Bacnmesnq 26 oxrr6pa 1917 r.- 1929 r.

- 6oru,resux, HapKoM flpocBerqeHur. florpnceuuuft cnyxaMr.r o pa3py[reHurx s Mocxge r qHu 6opr6u 6o,rr,ruesuxoe 3a BJIacrb, no1an 2 Hoa6pa 1917 r. n orcraexy.-HoaaR Xltsus.

1917. 3 uoa6pa.-CHK eno orcraBKy ue npnuR.r. floc.ne 6eceAu c B. 14. Jlesuuuu Jlynauapcruft nepeMeHnn pe102

(1875-1933)

ilreHl-re. Eno nouurxa orcraBKr.I ue 6ula cBq3aga c co6tlTHrrMn rtepBoro Kpr.r3Eca Cosercroro upaBlrretbcrBa. r03

flo socnoMngaur.rqM H. A. 3a;rrr.rHAa, B. A. IIoc-

ce Bce xe pa6ora,r B KoHqe l9l7 r. s oAHofi u3 tto.rl,Kourlccufi HKHA.- 3amunA I,1.A. HKHA B ceMgaAqaroM roly ll Vrpo crpanu Cogeros. C.202.

10a Bepoxruo: Il{yxuu Huxo;afi Ce,lreHogsq Ma- HroHrr rur4Hucr nopronofi gneKrpocrarrqHn KponurraATa, c 1917 r. q,ren Zcno.nrolra l(poHurraArcKoro Coeera.

105 <BolrHr,rfi unyr>

€)K€HeAer'rbHafl <<HapoAHat

ra-

- pa6ovax a Kpecrbqs>. Br'rsera Bcepoccnftcroro corcaa r. Pe,qarrop - Il. U. fyuu,rencxuli.

106 Ilocce B. Pego.nnuuoHsas cnDaBe.{nxBocrb

xoAHJ'ra n flerporpaae B flHBape-Mapre l9l8

Ns 6 ea 6 lrapra

// Bo.urnufi nnyn. 1918. Ne 3. C. 2.

t07 Cnucox Heaasucurloro corosa pa6ouux H KpecrbtH,

l0 l-r46

o KoropoM nuuer B. A. flocce, na nu6opax no Bcepoccuficroe Vupe4ure;rruoe co6pauue no flerporpaacrouy cronHqHoMy oKpyry co6pa,r 4942 ronoca (0,50/o Bcex ro,rocon) . 3ro 6r'uro IvreHbue, rreM y MeHbuIeBfiKoB-LIHTepHaquonanucroe l0 507 roJ'rocoB, qeM y rrreHbIueBHKoB- 427 17 o6oponqeo ro,'rocoB, Ho 6o,ruue, qeM y nJIexaHoB1823 ro,roca. Bce onu He Ha6pa.rn croro <<EAuncrBa>aocTaroqHo ro,'rocoB arR nonyqeHrrq MecTa n vupeaareJ.rbuoM co6paunN. flo flerporpa,[cKcrIy olipyry 6 uecr 4 uecnonyqurlr 6omuresnru (424024 ro,,roca - 450/e), 26,2010\, 2 t',lecra ra KaAerbI (246 506 ro,'rocoB acepu (152230 ro,rocos- 16,6?0).- lloapo6He cu.: 3saneucxrlfi O. H. Bcepoccuficroe Vvperure,rruoe co6paHne. Hcroplrn co3brBa r{ nolruruqecKoro }ipyueHLIn. "{., 1976.

Ta6,ruqa I - MexAy C. 356 u 357.

249

r08 16 Hoa6pn B. 14. Jlenun noAnrica.rl

.I|exper CHK

o pocnycKe flerporpaAcroft ropo,ucrofi Ayllu xax yrpa-

rusuefi (BcqKoe noJruTlqecKoe AoBepr.ie). l4s 200 Mecr B Hefi 6ornuesnKr.r saHHMaJ'rn 67, acepu

rraeHtueau- ?5,apyrne 8, Karerbl 42, a ocraJrbHr,re Mecra ',ry:tr" He6orsruesilcrcxHe naprnH H rpynnH. f.lacHue "e rroAqHHlr.lrucb AeKpery u yrpoxanH aa6acronxofi ropog,cxofi s rpoAoBonbcrBenuofi ynpan. BPK noc-ra.'r B AyMy BoopyxeHuuft orpr4 MopfiKoB Bo rraBe c H. lI. @,re-

xlr

poBcKnM, pasorraaurufi fracHHx. Ha nsr6opax 27-28 Hoa6pr He 200 uecr 6omureBnKn noJryqfi.'rx 188, .rreaue gcepbr- 10, npaene ocepu- l, Coroe HMyulecrreuHoro fi rpyAoBoro paaeucrna A. Ilocce) . .Il,p1'rux nap- I (B. rufi n rpyun e lopoAcxofi Aylre 6o;rlue se 6r,r.no.

10e fleproe 3aceAaHrre fopoAcxofr aylru 30 Hoa6pa

lI.

BunoxypoBa. ropo.4cKuM ua6pa.no ee npeAceAare"rer'r A. roJroBoro M. H. Ka,rnsuna (o6a 6o;rrurennru). 23 aHnapa

l9l8 r., no npeAnoxensro M. H. Ka.nnsuHa, Ilerporpa.ucrrifi Coser npllnqn AeKper o flpeBpalqenHrr fopoacrofi AyMr{ B orAen llerporpa4croro Cogera, o pocrycKe pafionuux AyM u nepeAaue Qyuxuufi MecrHoro caMoJinpaB-

;reuur pafiounblM CoBeraM.

l0 frraBbr Aeaeraqufi pCOCP I. A. Tpoqrtfi n fep-

MaHr.rrr crarc ceKperapb P. $ou-Kto.nruau l7(30) anna-

( l0 Qenpa.ua) I 91 8 r. Berlt B Dpecrpt - 28 sHBapfl neperoBopu o MIIpe. Tpourufi ycroBuJlct c .Ilnroscxe

Jlenuuuu co3HaretbHo 3arflrsBarb neperoBopbl, Ho ne EbI-

noJrHrr.l ero ,(HpeKTHBbI B cnyqae ynbruMaryMa l-epuarun IO,4[rrCaTb Mltp.

Pnxapa Qou-Krcaruan (1873-1913) - repuaucxnf, crarc-ceKpeTapr e l917-1918 rr. XoTs oH 3HasnJlct rJraBolo ae.treiauun fepuannu Ha bpecrcxux neperoBopax, QaxrnuecKu erc pyKoBoAHJI reHepan Maxc fo$uau (1869-1927) c cenm6ps 1916 r. naqatbnnl( repMall'

croro feH. rura6a. rlr HaqaJro 3Tofi rlltTarH n xypnaarnoi crarbe B. A. Ilocce 3Byqar HHaqe no cMbtcJly: <Be,ruexe pyccrofi peno,rrcunu uMeHHo B ToM, qro TIePBbIM e€ losynrou

6u.n rrinp H groMy ,'ro3yHry oHa ocraercfl aepna. Mup m Eora. sbfiHa or ,[,raeora. H Eor HacroJlbKo no6exAaer ,I[,raso,'ra, HacKo,'tbKo peBonlot1uq [o6exAaer rofiny>.XueHr Anfl Bcex. 1918. M l. C. 5l-52. r12 KorAa AeJlefauun fepruauuu B3tna y,'IbrsuarnBuuii rou, JI. A. Tpoqxuft sairu.n, cro PCOCP Mnpa rle noArucbrBaer, HO BOfiHy npeKpalqaeT u apMliro AeMO6Hn[3yer. Pacqer coxpaHlrrb 3TI{M [IanOM nepeMltp]le He oIIPaBAancr.

tt3 l8 QeBpaaq l9l8 r. repMaHcxue u aocrpuficxue BoficKa Haqa.rru Hacry[JleHue uo scefi nunHu SpoHTa or barrnficxoro Mopfl Ao Kapnar. 25 Qeapa;rn na,rH flcxos u Pere,rr, 3 uapra 6on ru;lu y)Ke noA Hapsofi, ytPoxafl flerporpa.uy. rr4 23 OeBpans l9l8 r. IIK PCAPTI(6) u B Hoqb Ha

24 tfenpa.rn- BUHK n CHK npuntnlr nonue, 6o,ree rnx250

KHe ycroBxq Mrlpa, 3 Mapra Aerrerauun PC<DCP (npea-

ceAarenb f.

fl. Coxoarnuxoa) no4nncala uupnHfi 4orouuefi. Os BKnpqaJr KaK aHHeKcHro (or Poccun orropranocb oKono MriJrJrr{oHa KBaApaTHbrx KHnoMeTpoB TeppnTopun), rar u KoHTpn6yqurc (ann,rary lepuanuu 6 lru.nnsapAoB uapor). Hoa6prcxar peBonrorlHfl B IepllraHrr.r no3Bonnra PCOCP pacropruyrb 13 non6pa 1918 r. gror aop c fepuanuefi, Aacrpo-Beurprefi, Eo.nrapuefi u Typ-

nosopuufi AoroBop.

l0*

h3 PACXPbITbIX ,vIATEPXAIOB APXhBOB KrE CCCP 1

fienhHrpogcK%e MocoHbt u orny (nPoroKOJIH AOnPOCOB, BEIIIECTBEHHbIE AOKA3ATEJIbCTBA)

B 1990 r. B orBer Ha o$NqnalunHfi sanpoc lleAarornqecKoro fiHcrltryra nru. A. H. l'epueHa Vnpar,nenne KfE

CCCP no JlenunrpaAy It JlennHrpa4cxofi o6uacrll npeAocraBHJIo aBTOpy grHX CrpoK KcepoKonnn HeKoropblx AoKyMeHToB ll3 TaK HaSbIBaeMoro <MacoHcKoro AeJIa>, ros6y:xB cHBape 1926 r. JleHnHrpa.4cxnm OfIIV npornn AeHHoro 'feneparunoro c6xperapr <fenepalrnofi ,n-oxn Acrpen> AnpyccKoro MacoHcrBa Eopuca Buxropornuq KnroHomHoro puuenxo-Aciior,lona, pyKoBoAllrerefi <AsronoMHoro Opnena uaprnnuCros Crpororo BocroqHoro nocnyulaHnR>- fpt'tropxc brrosrqa Me6ecal x Mapnn A;lr$pe,qonuu Flecreponoft 2, a raxx{e pyKoBoAure.neii u q.lenoB Apyrnx oK_xyJlbr-

nux opranr.rsaqnfi JlennHrpa4a. Ao crx fiop rcr NnQopmaqnc o reHHHrpaAcK[x MacoHax orpaHI'It{HBaJIacb ,4ryun Se-JlberonaMrr, ony6;rnxonaHHblMI{ s 1928 r. r <JIenltnrpaAcxofi

npaBAe>' tr uKpacnofi ragere> a. ,ll,o.lrue ro4u Saxrnqecxaq 3aKpbtrocrb maconcxoft TeMH AJIfl coBeTcKHx HcropHKoB H no4ospnre;rrHufi xapaKTep nocBnenfig gTHx ctatefi, nrHo HHcnr{p[poBaHnbtx OfUy, npHBenH K roMy' qro H3 IlccJIe4onarelefi roJIbKo B. f . beryH pHcKHyJI o6parnrrcr K ero-My MyrHoMy HcroqH[Ky, noBropt{B BcneA 3a HllM s csoefi KHilre Bce ero otur6xn H Hecypa3HocTl{ c. lly6anxaqus pcAa AoKyMeHroB' orHocculnxcq K AeqrerbHOCTr.r JreHHHrpaACKt{x MacoHoB' npH3BaHa noJlo)xHrb nepsHft xaMeHr B ocHoBaHlte HcrorrHuKonofi 6aeH ony6;tnxoraxHoro r{ AocrynHoro ,qnfl HccJleAosarenefi MarepnaJla no erofi reme. He ciyuaeH x nu6op ny6.nuxyeuux AoKyMeHroB. Ilpeg,nourenue 6u,no orAaHo reM n3 HHx' Koropbte nponuIfoArorosxa rexcra' Bcrynl{TeJlbnafl crarbn H KouileHTapfin B. C. Epauena.

252

BarcT CBer Ha oAHy n3 n(}rltrl|qecKB ocrpblx l| HayqHo 3Ha-

qnMblx reM coBercxoro nep[oAa pyccKofi r{cropr{[: orny n MacoHbt, MacoHcKar Aor(TpHHa H KoMMyHrr3M. Peqb HAer

o AoKyM€HTitX H MaTepHaJraX, OTnOCfllllIlXCg K AeqTenbHOCTll <AsroHoMnoro pyccKoro MacoHcrna> (1922-1925 rr.). CosAareJb arofi opranuaaqnn E. B. AcrpoMoB poAnJrcc e 1883 roAy B nopoAe Eoryuape Boponexrcxofi rydepHnr s o6eAuesueft 4noprncxofi ceMbe.6 B 1905 r. oH ye3x(aer n l,lraJrlrK), rAe y Hero xrxn ABobpoAnuf, AsAr, Hacrocrerb KaroJlnqecKoro MoHacrbtps, H nocrynaer Ha ropxAnuecrnfi SaKynbrer B nopoAe fenyn. 34ecr xte, B 1909 n. flpon3ouno ero nocBfluleHue Bo BceunpHoe Eparcrno (Jloxa <As3oHHs>, npnnaA.{e)r(aBrrras x <Berxxomy Bocroxy }lra,nnt>).

Bosnparxrurncr n 1912 r. s Poccnro, E. B. Acrpo*ron ncry[aer 3areM s 1918 r. n Op4en MaprHHHcroB opraHn3aqr{n, Koropac 6uJa (rcHoBaHa s l9l0 roAy B Poccun ngnecrHbrM oKxynbrncroru rl. H. {nncxnm n cBrqracb nepBoe BpeMr Qruna.nou Qpanqyecroro Op,qena (ocnonan B 1760r.), urra6-xnaprnpa Koroporo HaxoAltJracr n llapuxe.

B 1912 r. reHepanbnufi uncnexrop nerep6yprcrnx MaprrrHIrcroB F. O. Me6ec o6tcsnr o cBoefi aBroHoMnrr H c sro-

Io BpeMeHH Bo3rJraBrfleMas HM opraHn3aqHC npoqHo 3aHn-

Maer BeAyqee noJroxeHxe cpeAn oKKyJtbrnblx rpynn flerporpa4a-JlenuHrpaAa, npeAcraBnssu[x codofi s oruHqne

oT TaK Ha3blBaeMoro noJll|THrrecKono HJIH (KaAeTcKoro)) MacoHcrBa, cBc3anHoro c Be,nnxxm Bocroxom Opanqtn, eaorepxrt€cKyro BerBb Mnponoro 6parcrsa. 3aAaqa, Koropyr)

craBHJr nepeA co6of, Op4en, gaxrpqanacb B roM, qro6or yKpenr.rBuEcb B rrncToM CHMBoJtlt3Me n HaJlaAuB <nJlaHoMep-

Hyxl noAroronxy 6ynyurix aAenroB Bucrueft Marnn n I'ep-

Meru3Ma>, crarb HaAexnof, conopofi n ncroqHuKoM o6HosJteHr.tfl npaBoBepHoro MacoHcrsa>. 7 B ocHoBe yqeHnc MaprfiHItcroB JlexltT oKKynbrH3M oco6oe HanpaBneHr{e peJtr{-

- crpeMsqeecc K flosHaHuK) rnosno-Su;rocoQcxofr MHcJrrf, Eorxecrna llnrynTilBHbtM nyreM, nyreM ncnxuqecKrrx nepexruranufi, cBqgaHHblx c npoHHKHoBeHlleM B norycropoHnnft Mr{p H o6ulenue c ero cyrrlHocrsMlt. OSnqna;rrHo Aexnap[pyeMafl qerb MaprnHncroB cocroflJra B rou, tro6u BceMH HMeBIxI.tMHcs B r{x pacnopc)KeHnr.t cpeAcrBaMr, HcxJrrlqafl HacHrHe, <cnoco6crtoBarb euanrtecKoMy, HpaBcTBeHHoMy u AyxoBHoMy ycoBepureHcTBoBaHHro qeJloBerlecrBa>. l'JlasHoe xe cpeAcrBo B .u,ocrn)KeHhr,r arofi qeln oHrr BnAeJrrr B JrnrtnoM npuMepe, B <AyxoBHoHpaBcrBeHHoM noAleMe cBoltx qJreHoB>, qro o6ecneqr{BaJrocb r{x HeycraHHbruu noncKamn (AyxogHoro> c6rnxeHnc c EoxrecteoM B Jrnqe llcxynnreun.8 253

Ilepoue KoHraKrH E, B" ,AcrpoMoBa c pyKoBoAIrreJIeM nerep6yprcf,ilx MaprnHncroB npt{xoAnrct Ha Koneq 1917 r., a yxe B aBrycre, l9l9 r., 6rfarolapc nogepxre f. O. Medeca oH craHoBrrrcn FeneparbHHM ceKperapeM (nncnerroponr) qAsroHomHoro Op,4eHa Maprr.rHncroB> B. IlerporpaAe. Teu He MeHee noJro)treHne E. B. .Acrponaora cpeAH MaprnHncroB He 6uao npoqHblM, .ll,ero o roM, rITo; xorc f. O. Me6ec cBrsrcc pyKoBoAlrreaenr Opg,ena, Bce npaKrHqecKoe pyKoBoAcrBo ocyqecrBncrocb ero xenofi M. A. Hecreponofi. .B croxnstleMcc ceMefinou gyere . <Me6ec-Hecrepora> Surypa qecroJrn6nsoro H cKJtoHuoro K pasHono poAa aBaHrnpaM fenepaasHono cexper.aps 6sna cBHo rfiulneft, reu 6oaee, uro <IIyraHHHe,- no cJIoBaM I:. O. Me6eca,- poMaHH> E. B. Acrpouoaa nspqAno HaqnHa.En HaAoeAarb Vqnrean. IlonoAou Ann pa3pbtBa nocJtyxuno saKpblrne B 1921 r. f. O. Me6ecoM Bo3rJraenseMofi 6. B. AcrpoMoBbIM (ruacrep cryaa) aoxn <Ky6H'{ecrnfi KaMeHb>, r. K. oH, no ero MHeHItrc, He cnpaB[rcc c Bo3JIo)KeHHrIMH Ha Hero o6s3aHHocrcMH u B cr{ny fienpueMneMocrll ,qrc Vuntetefi. (r. e.

Me6eca u Hecrepobofi) <ero ort{Kn I{ ero npItHI{unHaJIbHblx noAxoAoB x Aeny> BbIHyxAeH 6ul norfinyrr Op4ex. 3ro He noMelllano eMy orKpblTb H3 orKoJloBmHxcc ot opp,ena <6parren> cnoo co6crBeHHyro HeSaBrcHMyp or f. o. Me6eca roxy <Tpn cenepHHe 3Be3Abt>. O4noapeMeHHo c erHM B roM xe l92l r. B. B. Acrpo*ron'npeAnpnHuMaer sneprflqnbtre ycnJrrfi, nanpaBJIeHHHe na o6teAnneHne noA ceoefr ern4ofi H Apyrrx MacoHcKHx ,nox llerep6ypna: <lln;rarurrlero JrbBa> (uacrep cryna E. n. ,ll,pnsen), <,ll,batQnna> (r'racrep cryna M. M. Ilerpos), uauecrnufi Macrep A. H. Borrcxufi, e <3o,norofi KoJtoc) (uauecruue Macrepa ll. A. Eauruaxopa u O. E. Hsanosa-Haropnona). H xors cocran ornx Jrox( 6un xpafine MaJroqncJreflHbtM lr cyuecrnosa.nn oHu B ocHoBHoM na 6ymate, r. K. npeAcraBJIflJII{ co6ofi rolsKo <npe3nAnyMbr Ha c;ryuaft nflupre.uennn HoBHx qJreHoBz, ero Aano ocHoBaHI{e qecrotp6unoruy 6. B. Acrpor'lory o6tnBHrb B 1922 r. o co3,4aHltu Hosofi He3aBHcHMofi or Maprl{HI{croB oprantlsarluu <AnronouHoe pyccKoe MaconcrBo> Bo rJraBe c <feHepa,nrnofi ,noxefi Acrpen>. Beanrn*r MacrepoM <fenepaarnoft aoxu Acrpen> clal 6ununfi g,uperrop HMneparopcKux rearpoB npecrapenufi B. A. Tencxoncrufi eAHHCTBeHHUfi l|S OCTaBaBuITXCfl B TO BpeMC .S POCC[lt HS qJreHoB pa6oranuefi Ao penoanqtln noA TaKI,tM rre HasBaHHeM MacoHcrofi noxrn. r0 llocne cMeprfi B. A. TercKoBcKoro s 1924 r. ero o6gsannoctr{ Hcn(MHsJI can E. B. AcrpoMoB. 254

B 1920.'e ro4u E. B. AcrponroB npocBJcr 6o,nrulofi nnrepec K HcropHn BoJrbHr'tx KaMeHqr{Kos. l5 nrcHc 1923 r. cocrorJracb eno ny6an.rHas neKqils Ha gTy reMy B noMeqeann 6. Ilerepuryae, B'xoropofi 'oH 6es o6nHnros saqBnJr, qro (3aBe3eHHoe llerpou Beanrnu Hs fonflaHAnu MaconcrBo TaK flpoqHo yKopeH[nocb B onpeAeJreHHbrx cJocx pyccxoro o6qecina, uro c XVIII BeKa oHo craJro cr{HoHrrMoM nHTeJIJtHreHTHocrl{>.

II

B xonqe KoHrloB qecro.nrc6ne roJrKHyno 6. B. Acrpo-

MoBa Ha onacHbre nrpbr. Jlerou lg25 r. oH npeAJroxrJr Ofny corpyAunqecTBo B o6mex Ha repnuMoct eracrefi x <AsroHoMHoMy pyccxoMy MacoHcrBy>. Ho He4oBepr{e KouMyHr{cron x ruaconam npeoAoJle?b He yAaJrocb. BuccHr.rB Bce qro Hyxuo, opraHbr apecroBanr{ Acrpouooa n ilx(e c nuru. ,ll,e.rro reHnHrpaAcxxx macoH(e 6uro nepeAaHo

Ha paccMorpeHne oco6oro coBelrlaHHf, npu KoJrJreriln

Ofny. B o6nnnnreJtbHoM 3axJrnqeHnx 6u;ro orMeqeHo, qro flBJrrscb aKTllBHHMn qfleHaM[ MacoHcKofi opnannsa-

{ffx, o6s[HceMHe (21 uelorex), (nolboyccb cyeBepneM

pqAoBbrx qIeHoB, 3aHHMaJI[Cb MOrxeHHHqecTBoM H BbIMOna_ reJrbcrBoM MarepnaJrbHbtx cpeAcrB Als cnoefi npas4Hofi )I(H3HH>, a raxxe opranxga\Hefi ccnHux npxroHoB paoBpaTa, B KaKOBHX nyTeM ncnx[qecKoro nos.u,eficTBHt npon3BOAHJTOCb HacHJHe HaA XeHUIIiHaMH n nO[nonou oTHol[€_

Hnrr B x3BparrleHHux Sopuax>. Kpome roro, cepbeaHHM o6s[HenHe[t, BbtABrHyrbrM npor[B MacoHoB, 6u;lo n ro, qro_oHH <nep6ora.nn B cBoro opraHn3aqnrc He roJlbKo JrHq ns 6ypxyaSHono cJrof,, Ho I| TpyAoBbre Maccbr>, BcneAcTBne qero rrx 4aurnefiuee npe6unanHe B npeAelax JlennnrpaAa ! APlrnx npoubtuneHHhrx ropoAax CCCP 6ulo.npnenauo deeycuonno HexeJrareJrbHHM >.

18 uroHc 1926 r. nocraHoBJtennem Ocodoro coneqan-us

npn Koaaernx OIIIV 6. B. AcrpoMoB n ero KorJrer[ ng Apyr[x oKKynbrnHx rpynn 6u,nn ocyxAeHbr K BHCHJTKe B orAareHnHe MecrHocrn crpaHbr, rraBHbtM o6pasou n Koun xpafi n Hapux. Handolqe cypoBHe HaxasiHuc ro4a - B xoHrlnarepefi noneclu E. B. Acrponroe, 1..

O. Me6ec, - C. A. Jlapnonon n'A. B.'Klnuenxo.

B. O. l'peaunrep, .(aJ JlrHef,uan cyAr6a nx, x coxilJreHnKt, He[3BeCTHa. Heuno_ rxu 6oarule Mbr gnaeM n o E. B. AcrponroBe, Koropblfi, no_ cre or6urnr cpoKa HaKa3aH[c (no auHncriu tgiZ r. oHo 6u;lo coxpaqeHo eMy Ha oAly qerseprn) corepureHHo Heox(HAaHHo nocraHoBJreHneu Oco6oro coBerqaHu, npn Kon_ Jernr Ofny or 24 anrycra lg28 r. 6u;r BbrcJran n Cn6npu

c.poxoM Ha Tprf roAa.

255

.

***

OQuqnalrnafl Bepcrc E. B. AcrpouoBa o qercx u xapaKrepe <Anronomnoro pyccKoro MacolrcrBa> Aocraroqno noJrHo HBJroxeHa B ero noKaganusx cJleAoBarensrvr OfilV (cru. ny6anxyeuufi AoKyMeHr JS 1). Aonolnenuem x nefi Moryr cnyxurb ny6rnxyeuble AoKyMeHrbI, ornoccqnecr K rnyrpexnefi Aecre{bHocrr <AeroHoMHoro pyccKoro MacoHcrBa>: O6paqenxe x Beanxomy Apxnrexropy Bcelennofr (4oxyrrrenr Ie 2) r MacoHcKac KrqrBa (Aoxymenr Nb 3).

Oco6ufi nHrepec npeAcraBncer o6urnpnufi 4orlag,, nPeAcrauenuufi 6. B. AerpoMoBbIM B aBrycre 1925 r. s Of[V n Mocrny, nocBsqeHHufi rostuoxHoMy corpyAHlrrtecrBy Bo3ruaurseuofi HM opraHlt3aql{H c npaBnreJlbcrsoru (ctu. ny6.nl.rxyeuufi AoKyMeHr JS 4). lllarn E. B. AcrpoMoBa, HanpaBJIeHHbte Ha nocreneHnylo JItTKBHAaI{filo <<AnrosoMnoro pyccxoro MacoHcrBa>, orpax(anr ny6auxyeMble AoKyMeHrbr J\lbJlb 5, 6, 7. lloc,rIeAnefi orqasHnofr nonurxofi 6. B. Acrpomora BaI{HrepecoBarb npaBl{rerbcrBo nepcnemnrofi corpyAH[qecrBa c MacoHcrBoM flBnJrocb ero n]lcbMo x CranHHy or ll Qenparn 1926 r. (cnr. 4oxymenr JS 8).

II y6.rI n ryemble Ao KyMeHrbI 3acB ltAereJr bcrBoBaHb[ tloAII t{ccnru 6. B. AcrpomoBa I{ ero KoJIJIeT' a B pf,Ae cJlyqaeB lr neqarbro <l-enepalrnoii .noxrn Actper>. 3aroflosrn npI'IHaAJre)xar ny6;ruxampy. Hexoropoe orcryflJlen]le or xpoHoJrornqecKoro npHHqHrIa pacllonoxeHHs MaTepnana BbI3BaHO crpeMneHne ny6.rtnxaropa Aarb 6olee flcHoe npeAcraBJIeHUe o cyqecrBe 4eaa. MelKHe HcnpaBJlennr oun6oK' olleqaroK H OnLICOK CneqHaJIbHO He OrOBapnBax)rcfl.

c,ne4yer noAqepKHyrb, qro Aannoii ny6lnxaquefi orHnAb He LtcqepflblBaercc coAepxnMoe KaK (MacoHcKoro Aeua> 1926 r., raK H pa3nxqHblx Apyrnx MarepHaJIoB o MacoHcKnx opnaHH3aqHqx, xpaHfuurxcs Ao cHx nop B opraHax KfB CCCP. Moxtno roJIbKo AotaAb,IBarbcc o L(eHHocrn ,qoKyMeHroB 4ela <BparcrBa ucrnHHoro cryxennc>_ (Jl.ennnr[a4, 1927 r.), 4eaa f. H. 6orur (Mocxna, 193J r) nlu xre nporoKoJloB AonpocoB n3BecrHoro MacoHa H. B. HexpacoBa, npoBoAnB[tuxcc n 20-30-e nr. CyAe6no-cneAcrBeHHble MaTep[aJIbI cBrcnrcs cJIo)KHbIllt H npornBopeqllBblM I'lcroqHLIKOM r.{ TOJIbKO B COnOCTaBJIeHI{I{ C ApytHMI'l AOKyMeHTaMH

oHH cMoryT pacultplrrb Haurlt SHaHI{fl no paccmarp}tBaeuofr TCME.

256

I Me6ec rDon lpuroPHfi Omouosuq' PoAnacg B Sa' ls68 ;.';;. pi.e. oionoit,r Qusuxo-uareuarttvecxnft v'uBepc'rera' - flpenceAa;;;;";; -i'ri.tlpovprcKoroo6uecrsh B (1912

I:)^' -l#'i'"'rpioir".-rir.'.'*".o i6i?r-- r^si2--...' i.".punrsufi uucnertop, c I 9l 2 no flerporpaaes i6is r..-.naaa op4eia MaprltHncroB yqllTetb MareMarlIKI'I B opecra Jle*trtpale. Haxauyne II costiyaulroae r. JleunxnPaga.-

2 Hecrepoaa Mapna AatQpelonna' PoAu;racr s 1878r'

rs ioMnaHuoHoa ,Qnpuu <9pnuHrep> B Aoqr oAlrdro 'il ro.u,u nepnofi uup-oroft sofiHH noce'luJlacb B fro.*t". ql{croro 3HaHEf,>' netpo.paae, rAe ocHbsara <O6ulecrso Xeria 'f. O. Me6eca. HaxanyHe apecra - yqnrerlbnl'Iua

oAHofi us IeHHHTPaACKID( luKon. 3 larnuata. // JleunHrpa,qcxas npaBAa' 1928' 5 qHaapa. C.2. a Tesr or noaa (Macoxu r JleHnr^rpaxe) ll Kpacnan .rr.ru. 1928. l5 uroni (aeu' run.). C' 3' s bervn B. fl. Pacra3bl o <Aerflx BAoBu)' MuncK' 1986. C. iOZ-tOs.

6 3Aecr u c AamlrefiueM aBTop-runpol(o ficnollb3yer tp"n"i' Vnp"nne"n" KiE CCCP no Jlenun' "u..pn-fi"iu JleHunrPa,4cxofi o6aacrn. .pa,qy 7 OpAeH MapraHlicroB. C npeguc'ronr-reru A-pa flanrc' ca. Cfl6. 1910. C' 13.

I Tau xe. C' 15-17.

e 3aclyxlnaer BHHMaHHa' qro s 1925 r' A' H' Bonr' cxufi suureJr I{3 MacoHcrBa s Bcrynsn B psAbl BKn(6)' Aaaruefimaq cy,ql6a ero HeH3BecrHa.

r0 <Acrpea> Poccnn oAHa I{3 - B AopeBonloquoxtlorl san6o;ree nfuecrnxunx' itu.on.*nx aox< floc-nyurauns Be'g il;a-';;xi-opi"tlnn, pa6oranruaa s 1906-1911 rr' Mocrse.

tt Macolu

(na lexu,ux A-pa 6' B. Acrpor'roaa) //

z.

Kpacuaa ra3era. 1923. 16 HrcHt. BerI' BbIn. u.

l& r. lI3 nPOTOKOJIA AOnPOCA 6. B. ACTPOMOBA 4lll -

1926 t

B. (onpoc) : Kaxue qenu npecJleroBa"rlo MacoHcrBo'.opranusviuoi bavu (AsronolrlHoe PyccKoe MaconcrBo) raxr.re SaAaqI'I ce6e craslrro?

O. (otner): Bo-nepanx' caMocoBepueHcrBoBaHne Ir car{eJIoBeKa' BcTyflanuero MOAHCIIIIIIJII{HI{pOBaHHe KaxAoro 14

B MaCOHCTtsO' nyTeM pa3BHrHfl B H-eM c!'IeAyIOUlflX KaTI€CTB: 060 BceM A) An" yuenuuecxort ctenesu: I - MoJIqaHHe noc'ny[IaHlle II O JIO)Ke' H'lI',I JIO)Ke y3Haer B TOM, IITO OlI cBoeMy HenocpeAcrBeHHoMy pyKoBoAHrerlo (r' e' 6$ycfloB257

Hoe BbrrroJrHeHne Bcex 6e.s .Hcxnrcrrenn.ft

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l. I(parxafi Karexr.rsac pyccKoro MacoHa us 22 Bonpo_

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.

2. Karexnguc r.is B aonpocoB,, cnpauaBaeMbrx rrpu rro_

cBflrl{eHr.[].

3. f'Io.nnnfi Karexu3uc.

4. O6tscneHae ytreHuqecxoro KoBpa.

c. I aHHbre 3HaKLr, cJroBa, npuxoctroaeHux.

,{,anaeuue nocJIe TIOCBflIIICHI-Ifl

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l. Kparrnfi as 3 nonpocoB KarexasHc, cnparrrHsae[rbrft

npH BTOpHTIHOM nocBtrrleHHfi .

. 2. VrbncHeHrle roBapuqecKoro KoBpa. I-Iocle npro*ocHoBeHnn. BropgrrHoro ? rlo"rHbtH P,11T::".I?11: .r.

Karexr.I3Hc roBapr.rulecKofi cre_ rIeHI1I.

,

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2. llo;ruuft Karexr{gltc uacrepcxoft creneHn.!,aercn 3. HstncHeHne KoBpa uacreicxofi creneHrr. fiocJre 4. Bonpocbr K mBapr{uy, [ocBrulaeMoMy B rperbero

MacTepa.

5. TafiHtre 3HaKH, cJroBa, npHKocHoBenur.

258

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creneub ueo6xo4l'lAls uocssulenus B roBapfiulecKylo u noAarb []IcbMenHylo

*o fruro eute 3 cleAynxlnx'bpxana

pa6ory o cBonx 7 nnaserax' Hyx(Ho npoA.ns ltocBfluleHl"Ifl B ,MacrepcKyl'oH crerleHb nI{cbMeHHyIo rloAarb u""il--"ur" 5 c.ne4yrculux apxanoB n'tasos' r' e' Qnsuueco.pacnpeAeneHl'In s'ce6e 3 pa6ory -acrpaJlbHoro' H 3MOIII'iflcTpacTflMI'I ee c e' T. AyIIr[ xoro: uAegMI'I' r,,fi1 ll ueniaJlbHoro nJIaHa c ero Karexl{3i{floc.ne npoqrenl.rfi KparKoro HaqaJlbHoro o6rsyercn Bcrynarcqilfi 'uIeH ca (nepeA no.enue""eM) (r'. e' ltpeAcraBHrb cBoH npe4cranlrrr MIlcrl'{qecKylo anro6uorpar.rcKaHuq s oOracr'' n,,aioHctaa; xpapryro

Q"o. ^ tlleu

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nHble oTl'Iqecxne rpe6ooaHl.ra, npeA'bgBnneMble npuuo 3atBI{Tb o6 erou, cso6oAHo sbltrn H3

K HeMy' I'IMeJI

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npnqeM

BeHHOro 3aflBJleHufl, K HeMy co cropoHbl Jloxlt

He IIpIIM€'

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B. ,tlrfl qero cyuecrBoBaJll'l cJIoBa' SHaKH H npuKocno-

BEHIIS S TOXC?

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HHe x(e yuenuuecxoft -u ronapuulecxofi crenenefi rorcg B pas.utlunux OpAeuax, a MacrepcKoe IIpI'IKocHoBe'

noqrll eesAe o6uee.

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O. Als lueHuuecxoli u ronapuurec'roft creneHn pnryan roeapnulecxoft cteuoo""G""s o6uruir (oauHaront'1fi),- nyBenuql'IBaeTcfl AO D' 3 r{Hcr'ro C nyTelxecrBltft neHH Jrntub fipni ocooblff' flocBffIrleHl.tfl plITyaJI creneun MacrepcKoft B qeM nocBflulaeuuft KraAercl n rpo6 ll cHMBoJIHqecKIr nepe-

259

xlrBaer cMepTb. Kpoue roro, npfi nocBflxIeHHH coo6qaercq oco6aq [oxoAKa, coomercrnynqas MacoHy cre[eHr.r, Koropyo oH o6qsaH npoAeMoHcrpr.rpoBarb,xaxAor? KorAa ero o6 3roM crrpocqr craprx'e MacoHbra;",lfi;;;';p**i: pHryaJlbr nocesqeHHs) .

3a'IeM nprrMensnHcb nocBffrrlegus fi xaxoil cMbrcJr Il sHarleHr{e ogn ulrercr?

O. flocssqeHae aro rpaArir{l.ronutrii nepexi{roK cra_ pr.rHbr H ceoefi AeKopar'BHocrsro oua gericray.; ;;-;;;;I(y nocBsrqaeMoro t,t noMorarcr eMy pacrun6poer"o ,ra*o_

TOpbre MacoHcKHe cHMBOJTbI.

_ 3a [oc,lreAHee BpeMs pHTya,,I nocBfllrleglrs ece 6o,tee rr 6onee ynpoqaercff.

B. Eu,rz drI.I B Jloxe qJleHcl(fie B3HocbI Hr,IH HHbIe, flx pa3Mepbr n Qoprrau pacxo4onaHna? O. 6u"rn

vcTaHoBreHbI ruleHcKlre B3HochI no oAHoMy py6"rrro c qenosexa B Mecsu, Ho oHtr [orrrn HHKeM He nJIaTHJrHcb BBHAy crecneHHoro no,,lolKeuxs 6onrruuncr"u

une_ Hoa. br,I.rIu, xpoue Toro,-Bcryrrure,:rbnbre B3HocbI npn Kax(AoM nocBflrrleHuri: pvj npH yrrelrrqecxol"r, 4 pyft _ ;t;

? py6.- [pr.r roBapHrrlecKoM n G MacrepcKHx nocBflrqeHtrflx, Koropbre rrrJrrr Ha noKynKy sauua Ans Sapry*os, nepl tlaroK, .neHr n Apyr[x sHaKoB, Koroprre xaxiacia crene"u no,'raraJrucb H BbrAaBaJrHcb Ha pyru nocenqaeMoMv. Orqer o pacxoAoBaHur.r cpeAcrB BeJrcff ,s xaxAor.r no*a cryra I{,I'I HaSHaqaeMbIM rrM Ka3'aqeeM Cord'racHo""u.""po* oco60rrrv ycraBy. B .racr*ocrh, rro rroxe ug_x CeBep""ii-s""irAr-i,

no3AHee, no Jlox(e <<Ky6uuecrofo KaMHfl>> BBHAy

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q-

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O. Aan.noubt o__npr{cBoeu[[ eMy crenenn BbrAarorcq

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O. MHop BbraaH, KpoMe l(roHa, eu1e Ar.rnroM, BepHee,

260

ceprerc B"IaAI{nareHr, Ha orKpbITHe J'IOX rp' flonficaAoBy t e Mocxse r HIlKoMy 6onwre' qleHaull fese'

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B. Kax MacoHcrBo cMorpur ua pe.nururo?

O. MacoucrBo crour one pe.nilrn". O"o He npnsHaer ,rruqHoro 6ora, a [pri3Haer .nui:n Heno3HaBaeMyro.nepoo_

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tl. IJ3ar{MoorHoIIIeHufl MacoHcrBa c noauruxofi?

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TOTIHO He 3Han.

3Haro Krosa p. A. Oxo.no AByx MecsrleB Ha_ ^-_B_lrypuKe 3aA [ocJraJr eMy 3aKa3noe c o6parHofi pacirucxofi nnctuo c B!'ro)r{eHHbrM KAHOCIIeHapr.IeM, H AO CHX nop HrrKaKOrO Bera or Hero He r{Mero. flo.naran, qro oH nepeexaJr oT_ x3 Hrro-Plopxa s Apyrori ropoA. Bo <DpaHrlau 3Haro Ocna.nl4a Bupra, nuercuero co6crBeHHvro d't,oxv QunocoQcxo_a.nxiluuqecKofo HanpaBJre_ uHs. flbsHa*o"uir.t- c Hr{M s 6brr'ocrr Morc Bo @paHunn B repn_oA l91l-12 roAa. Xuser oH B flapnxe.

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262

AsroHoMC .rpyrlrnr'i MacoHcKHMI'I opAeHaM[ s CCCP xe r Jlltqso csqsefi' llueet Hoe pyccKoe l{acoHcrBo ue qacrb r{"IeHoB

3HaIo p,vKoBoAllreJlfl Opaeua MaprnnncroB

Ir

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H HarI[B: 3axPur nporoKonoM nox(Y <<Petra cubica>> fipeAnpI'IHI'{-

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ttnlt Macoucxnx nox? o: He rrpeArpHHr.rMarr u He co6nparccl upe{-p1luYlll:

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,ruqnoii oxxYnrtHoft Pa6oroft ' qepe3 nocpeA' BcnouHtu, trro R l92l r. uau 1922 f' s Cunepc aHfJIHr{aHKI't JIouAoIt la*u"*an "u l*""y enpl{BercrBenHoe nl'lcbMo Jlotltnoc.nai "tuo Onr,rn Scuepoenu 6apry, Ho orBera or Hero raK H gHe [o'ryqI'IJI' 'U:. t{HocrpaHHbIX MacoHoB HI{ c KeM He nep-e-flIlcblc Ba,rcfi II He rleperucblBal'ocb c l9l4 r' flepenncry K-lo11o1tnplrHaAn:*'t:--n OH KaK raK npI{HHMaIO' He BHIIIIaHHe BO Ho My MacoHcrny' fl epenng*i i {'.. io t y Aeronor't ^tlY,.?lt: oxHBJleHHafl B 1923 roay' T' K' oH coooura'rl "'ra AoBo.rbHo no pa6ory Ha o cBor{x HeyAar{ax B cMbIcJIe ycrpot?crea MaaMepHKaHCKOro K HeMy II0.II.O3Oilr€albHoM OTHOIIeHIII rIH' HecKoJIbKo Hero or [o,'IyqLJ fl roAy B 1924 co"ctua. no6piluHux o ceM c BHPe3KaMI.I lls- urm-fiopKcKllx ra3er JlnHcxoro' HeKoero sgaroMoro xoxneHtln)i oAHoro o6utero

B: He rIbIraJIHcb ,tH Bu uepes Knsa ocyillecrBl'ITb Ma-

cBfi3b rtJIH coIIoAqI'IHeHHe c KaKnM-nu6o uuocrpauHblM coHcrsoL{?

O: He [bITaJIcfl I.{ cqIITaIo 3To HelpneM'reMblM I{ HecoorBercrByrou{t,tM KollcrpyKIlI{H AeroHoMHofo MacoHcrBa' B: Hueere .nu Bu caMocronre,'IbHble rpyAbl no MacoHcrny?

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B sAaHI'IH 6. <flerepuryJle>> '' lg24'roay B: tirb nooyan;lo Bac qnrarb ery 'neruuro?

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263

ne 2. MoJTHTBA, OEpArIlEHHAq K BEJTHKOMy APXHTEKTOPY BCEJI EH HO R. BEJII,tKAfl JIOXA (ACTpEt>.

Anrououxoe pyccKoe lracoHcrso 7.

B. A. B. (Be,ruxiifr Apxurexrop BceneHuori). Vc.luurt

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HayuN Hac MoJrHrBe, cJrr{Barourerlcs c- Eoxecrnou.

Hayuu uac Bepe, raoprulert qyAeca.

Hayuu Hac Jho6sa, o6Huuaouleri ece cyqee.

Hayuu Hac paAocrHofi xeprne so Hrus Teoe.

1. A. P flpocru orua6xn nceu 6parrsM Haur.r\,i. llpo.rrefi MHp B Ayrrru BcflK 6parteo Harrrux.

U3apH sMaHaurlsMu [Ito6su Tpoes Bce cyulecrBa 3eM_

HbIC.

- Osapa 6naroc.noseuueM Tsour{ Bce xr.rByrqee Bo Bcex cQepax H TrJraHax Bce;reHuoft.

Osapn Cseroru TsoHM Bce cryneHu Mncru.recxofi .Ilecr_ Hirrrbr, or. cryneHr{ flaAursx AHreros ri Ao cryfleHfi CserrHx l'qarerefi.

B... A.,. B...Aa 6yae" HaA HaMr.r Bors Tsos.

JS 3. MACOHCKA' KJIflTBA JIOXH <TPIi CEBEPHbIE 3BE3AbI> AsronouHoe pyccKoe MacoHcrBo, lg24 r. s

Ilglea KHlrrolo Craporo... u l{osoro... 3a,eeros, nepeA cnrra OpyxHeM, cHMBo.nlasHpyroulr.ru SneueHrbl qer,IoBer{ec_ xoft 4exrelbHocrg K/ItHyCb co3HaHHeM i_[e;recoo6oas_

Hocrx csoeri xHgHH cBflro qrr.rrb AnropHrer Bucuri.rx'[|e_ neft, nu4umo HJrH HeBHAI.TMo AJrg MeHfl rrpoflBnr]ou1uxcq B Macoucrse, u roqHo HcrroJrHflTb BeJreHHfl cBoero Macrepa Cry;ra, o6let{euHoro Bo Bdrracrll oTr{Mr.r I_l,enauu.

Ec,rN rorAa HgMeHro ceft. x,rsrse, To Aa 6yAy uaxasau: yrpbr3eHHsMH Cosecrl-t, co6crneHHbrM npespeHrle]\{ r{ cHM opyxiieM, HaA KoHM flpucxry npor.r3Horily; aa softaer oHo ocrpaeM ,B cepArle Moe, Aa ncrpe6ur Bcex MHe .lrc6esHr,lx H Aa OCTaHOBHTCfl SBOnrOrIHfl Mofl.

264

JS 4. POCCI,IHCKOE ABTOHOMHOE MACOHCTBO9

B coepeueuHofi Pocclltt MacoHcrBy He yAeJlflerct rloqrll

HI{KaKOFO BHHMaHHfl H TOJIbKO H3peAKa npOMe,'IbKneT OTSbrB o HeM, xaK o MeJIKo6ypxya3HoM HanpaBd'IeHLIl.I. 9ro

I{ He yALIBI{TeJrbHO - MaJIO KTO I'I3 TenepelllHltx AegreJel{ BOO6qe CJrbrrxaJl o cyqecrBoBaHHH MacoHcTBa, a H3 Tex,

KTO SHaeT O HeM, IIOqrH HI{KTO He 3HaKOM C erO qe,'I9MIl, cTpeMJIeHHsMH

n HAeOJTOT[efi. MeX4y reM, BCe 3TO Aa,IIeKO

He 6e3uurepecHo A,'rfl npaBr.IreJrbcrBa CCCP. H ec,'m xroJrr.I6o BAyMaercq B cyulHocrb 3roft BeKoBoft accounaqfiI', ro oH npr4Aer K Heoc[opHMoMy BbrBoAy, .rTo cql{Tarb MacoHcTBo BparoM KoMMyHs3Ma Boo6qe N Cosercxofi n.nacrH,

B qacrHocrr.r, coBeprleHHo He rrpuxoAHTcs. flpaxruuuee 6br-

ro 6br Bbrpa6orarb raxoft-.rrn6o modus vivendi, Hc[oJrb3o-

BATb MACOHCTBO B KATIECTBE JII{IIIHETO QAXTOPA B TOT NPOMexyToqHbrft nepuog rocyAapcrBeHHoro Kanr.rraJr.r3Ma, xo-

ropuii uu celiqac nepexuBaeM. Teu 6o,'ree nepeA,'rnqoM AegreJrbHo-opranlr3oBaHHoro

BOI.IHCTB)/IOqerO K.'IepIIKa.rlI{3Ma, I(OrAa geO6XOAtl ttlo yqHTbI-

BaTb ABe CH"rrbr nporr{BorroJro)KHofo .:rarepfl, Aaxe cTofltrlr{e BHe MapKCr..I3Ma.

Bcqxas Aa,'IbHoBr{AHar BJracrb Bo BpeMg cBoero crpoHTe.rrbcTBa AoJrxHa He To,rrbKo pa3pyrxaTb ocTaB[]Hecq B

HacJreArie or cTaporo opraHnsMa rpyn[[poBKlr, Ho H nonbrTaTbct 3axBaTI..rTb Hx TeM HJ'rH Apyfr,rM cnoco6oM, npHcnoco6as Ha cJyxeHr{e cBoeMy rocyAapcrBeHHoMy n.rlany. KoHeqHo, AJrfl aroro HyxHo 6nnxe u rny6xe no3uaKoMHrbcff c srHMH OpraHHsarlHxrvru (n AaHHoM cJryqae a ronoprc o6 AsroHol\.rHou Pyccxolr tr,racoHcrne), uro6H He cMeruHsarn HX C ApyrHMr.r, noxolKHMH Ha HHX BHeIIIHe rr pa3JIHqHbrMH BHyrpeHHe

rpynnlrpoBKaMH.

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- <uenxo-6ypxyasnufi>, BC€rI€r'ro nprrJroxl.rTorAa annreT uuil x rioJrxruqecKoMy 3araAHolry MacoHcrBy, ne 6yAer npI.IKJreLIBarbcq K pyccKoMy. H3secrHo, rrro cpeAa Ba'rufl€r He loJIbKO Ha OTAeJrbHbIe ,IBqHOCTH, HO II Ha qeJIbIe KOJTJIeK-

tunu. PyccKoe MaconcrBo, 3a.nperregHoe ilpu uapcKoM pe-

xltMe, )KHJIO Ha <<HeJIeraJIbHOM nO"IIOX(eHHIi>> B TO BpeMg, KaK 3anaAHoe MacoHcrso cso6oAuo pa3BnBaJrocb rr Aaxe gaxBarl.IJro ts cBon pyKH Bnacrl (Hanpxlrep, no OpaHrruu fi e LIranHu). B Pocclil.r MacoHcrBo [oHeBoJre 4o,rxuo 6u,ro yflru n noArroJrbe, BHyrpI{ ce6fl,, n, oAeBruHcb xax 6u cexroft (epo,ae <roJrcroBcrBa>), eauRrlca Qu,rocoQ,cKnMr.r npo6neMaMH IiJrH yAapnTbcq B MHcrnqH3M (r,ranusru o6pasou MocKoBcKai BerBb pyccKoro uacoucrna).

3Aecr fl Kacarocb roJrbKo AsrogoMlroro Pyccxoro Ma265

coHcrBa, rrpeeMcrBeHHo pa3BuBaBlljerocff ,oT eKaTepHHHHcKOrO Hr'IH aIeKCaHApOBCKOTO' HO He TaK Ha3bIBaeMOrO <<KaAeTCKOr0> MacoHcTBa, uepecaxeHHoro K HaM B HaqaJIe XX eexa H3 OpaHqLII{ H'BcetreJlo BocltpnHsBulero ero I-IAeo.rtorHlo. Ka,nercxue,toxH, JIeraJIbHo cylqecrBoBaBIIrHe Bo BpeMff l(epeucroro, Ilrn reM xe nyreMr qro H Qpanuyacxne co6paTbfl, H, HecoMHeHHO, eCJIH 6U XepeUUluHa npoAepx(aJracb AoJIbIIJe, BbIJIItJtHCb 6H S nOrfiTHrIeCK!rc nap: rltro. ,[locraroqHo HaloMHurb, qro Becb xa6uHer MHHucrpoB, 10, MHJIIOKOBbIM BMCCTC C KEPEHCKI'IM '" MAKJIAt2, HEKPACOBbIM t3 II ApyrHMH MacoHaMI{, KOBbIM noAr{nHeHHbrl,rn Be.rHxoMy BocroKy @pauuuu H nrqcaB[Iura.

MH IOA AyAKy QpaHuyscxono ilocJla MacoHa r. Hynanca (Tax n reKcre B. B.).

Tar qro xe- c6nuxaer Aerouo*IHoe Pyccxoe Macollcr3Be3' Bo c KoMMyHllslvlol\,t? flpex4e Bcero - nqTHKoHerrHas Aa, rrBJrflr,oulaflcff MaJIHM rep6orrr CCCP H npuHfrafi B Kpaciroli ApltlHll. 3ra seesAa - B€cbMa floquraeMa B MacoHcrBe, KaK cHMBoJI rapMoHHtIHo paennrofi qenoseqecxofi .{r{rlHocrH, no6eAusluefi csoH crpacrH ll ueftrpa.nH30BaBueri rpaftHocrn ,q,o6Pa u s.na. ,[,arrue, KoMMyHIE3M Ha cBoeM 3HaMeHE Hg.le!]q{ BCEOEIUEE CAMOONPEAEJIEHHE VI EPATCTBO y|HETEHHbIX HAPOAOB. Pyccrue MacoHbI roxe rpnsbrBaror K TaKoMy 6parerny, Ha3blBafl ce6fl rpax{AallaMIt i.I B 3roM SaKJIIOlIaercfl HoBoe cxoAcrBo MexAy yKaMUpa

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3a HHbrMlI AByMq HarlpaBJIeHIlgMH'

Haxoneq, crpeMqcb K ycraHoBJIeHHIo paBeHcrBa Bocttu' TaHug r{ }KH3HeHHux yc.noaufi' MacoHcrBo HHqeM He or,'II{qaercfl or KoMMyHI'I3Ma, craBflqero ce6e te X(e 3aAaql'I' flprrqeM no3yur KoMMyHHsMa o6 VHHQTOXEHI'II4 I{ACTrion conCrgrHHbCTH ncrpeqaer IIorIHbIft orxrax s MacoHcrBe, Koropoe raKxe (npan4a, no ApyfHM coo6paxeqacrsoii co6crneHuoctH, paseunarouefi rrunm) - nporuB gfougM H Apyfne lIHCrlIHKTuI, Koropble npuBqHsrr-ruufift sbrBaror nrcAeft K xH3HlL 3areu HaMeqaercq pa3HI'Iqa MexAy MacoHcrBoM H KoM'

MyHH3MoM, 3aKr'Iloqarcqaflcs B pa3rnr{Hblx cnoco6ax upo' BeAeHHq oBogx uleft. B ro BpeMs, xaK KoMMyHll3M AJls

ocyqecrBneHus csoefi nporpaMMbl ctll.{raer HacrosreJlbuo seo6xoAuuoft 6opr6y KnaccoB I'l AHKrarypy flponerapnara' :MacoHcrBo r.rAer K rOMy Xe CaMoMy nyTeM Ao6poso,rrnoro orKasa qJreHoB O6qecrsa Bo"'ttnsIx KauesulllxoB or cBonx qeMy qpKI'Ie npl'IMepbl MbI BIIAHM B npaB Lr npHeunernfi BcnoMnltrb 4-ena6pucroB' a I'I3 @paHuiropnn: AocraroqHo npnHqa @snxnna Opneaxcxoro, uyeci<ofi Peeontoqltll

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266

oTKa3aBrlerocr or cBoHx npaB KOpOJTeBCKOTO npHHqa H

npuHrBrrrero HMq (Dununna 3ra.nure, r. e. @n.nunna pasHoro; repqola Jloseua, oAHoFo us nox4eft peno.nnqnoHnofi apMHH QpaHuyscxoro KoHseHra n r. n. OrnnqHo noHHMas,

vro 4o6poaoltxuft orKa3 or cBoxx KJraccoBbrx flpeuMyu{ecrB [peAnoJrafaer uy6oxoe ocogHaHue HecnpaBeA,'ru-

Bocru cyrqecrByroqero pac[peAeJreHllfl rIeHHocreft, pyccroe rr{acoHcrBo flpexAe ncero rpe6yer or cBoux coqneHoB HpaB_ crseHHoft Kynbrypbr, pa6oru Ha4 urnuQosxofi csoero io6_ crBeHHoro xapaKTepa, floc,re qero AeqreJlbnocrb Bo.rllnoro KalreuulHxa AoJ'rx{Ha 6utl HanpaBJreHa He Ha cBoe JlriqHoe 6naro n.nu 6,raro orAeJrbubrx .nrcAefi: 6yas ro ero ceMbff rlr'rr.I Harlug, a Ha Bce r{eJroBeqecrBo ts ueJroM. Otxas or groH3Ma qeM 3aK.lrcqaercq gBornIluoHHufi nyrl.

- BoT B peBoJrroquosuufi.

Os ue HcKJrroqaer Hao6opor, o"" aorionHrror Apyr Apyra, noAo6uo roMy, KaK serexbu? r{Ber ecrb Aononsurelrsuft r( KpacHoMy, MyxqHHa xenrrluHe, - KunH TerIJro K xoJroAy H r. A. Tolrxo rorAa ror - MoxeT npaBHnbHO H yc[elr]Ho pa3BHBarbcfl,lpyroii lPouecc KofAa B Hgl,r yqacrByror o6a srn Qaxropa.

I(ax nepnyrc nolaBrrryro nol pyKy HJrnrocrpaqnro, Ha_ cKoJIbKo pyccKoe MacoHcrBo BJIITflJIO Ha cBoHx coqr'IeHoB B cMbrcr're aIoJIHTHqHOCTI.i, yKaxy Ha To, qTo HH OAHH H3 pyc-

cKHx MacoHoB He ca6oruponaJr nocJre HrisBepxeHr{n BieMeHHoro rpaBHreJrbcraa. f-ay_e_rylKHe xpynnue 6npoxpaiu, r3-n 6usrlurt xar 6Hsrrnfi uuHHcrp^T4ryVpfl3EB a"pexj rop rearpos TEIflKOBCKHII He roJrbKo He npr{Hnrlrarrrr yllacrus s sa6acrosKe, Ho tr Apyrux crapanncb oircnopurr qr_Iee. Hanpuuep, H3BecrHoe oceu ouiryn.neHne TVIMi/r-

P93EBA o iror6ire l9l7 rcaa

TIPOMbIIIIJIEHHOCTI,I

&;"

"u-n."po.cuficxor,r AO CBO. H TOPTOBJIH. HACXO.NITO

eft cueprn cny)KHJTH_ oiu Cosercxoft snacrH 'OSJIbHO BHAHo H3 ro_ ro, qro noxopoHbt TVIMUPI3EBA 6unn rpnHqrbr Ha csofi a Tenrxoscxxft Ao cauoft cMeprg ::::_:9:y4l,Rgtuq*, (oKTflOpb ICZ+ t.) nonyqarl nepcoHaJrbHyro neHcHro no Ha_ gy?TILq ConHapxorr,ra. A ne4l oHn Morru noAo6no KO_ HOBAJIOBy t6 i KoMnaHHH c6exaru sa rpaHuuv H nDe_ Kpa'cHo raM ycrpolrrbcfl, a He TacKarb c 'Oxrrbprcroro BoKsa.rra Ha yJrHrIy KpacHux 3opt ua cBor.rx 65_.nernllx nner{ax nyAhl rHuJloro rapro$e.tr, KaK sro AeJran B MDarruoe BpgMn 6;roxaAu nororlsuft TEJIfl KOB CKVW. Aa;ree He Bce JrroAH cMoryr H3-noA nalrKl MeHsrb oBoR y6exAenqg Aa a soo6ue oAHo npgHyxAepne n,roxofi BOCNHTATEJIb.

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Eure Hanoleon I roBopr.rJl, rITo I{a IITTbIKH Moxgo ole_ perbcfi, Ho cnarb Ha HHx HeJrb3ff. KaxAoe Hacr{JIHe, xax4ufi 267

yAap, B cH"qy HeU3fux(HocrI'I 3aKoHa MHpoBoro paBHoBecl{fl' AO,'rxHbr B KoHqe KoHIloB [oBJIeqb 3a oo6oft KoHTpyAap I{ qeM curbHee 6yAer HanpsxeHHe nepBoro, TeM pe3qe cKax(ercs AeircrBHe Broporo - H6o yroJ orpaxeHHq BcefAa paBeH yrJly rIaAeHIIff. Ec,lw xe H3BecrHbIe HAen IIpoBoAflTcff TeMH' KTo I{x rny6oxo [poqyBcrBoBaJl, HcnoBeAyer Kx I4 roroB BceM rloxepreonarb AJIfl Hx ocyqecrBJleHl{r, To raKafl pa6ora, xoHeqHo, oKaxeTctr IInoAoTBOpHOII. Vrax, [pecJleAyfl oAHH H re x(e uerl4' npll3naBaa cttpa-

BeaJIHBbIMH H nOAne)KaulHMI{ npoBeAeHHIo B X(I{3Hb O'II,HI{ n re xe Bo33peHLIff, KOMMyHH3M U P (pyccxoe) rrlaconcreo coBepIrIeHHo He AoJIXHbI noAo3pI{reJIbHO cMoTperb Apyf Ha Apyra, uao6opor, nyru HX [apanJIeJIbHbI H BeAyr K oAHolI

seiruuHe 17. Tonlxo nyrb poccnficroro MacoHcrBa, 3ro..Ilyrb ueAlexuoii H HHTeJIJIeKryallHoft pa6otut, nyrs tt'txoit canu. flyrr KoMMyHHsMa crpeMl{re"rlHufi - 3ro urryptvt. Ho BeAb urTypMy npeAlxecrByer ArfiTe,qbHas IIHxeHepHaff noAroroBKa, H nJlox ror crparer, xoropnft orKax(ercfl or caflep. Ceoeft AesreJlbHocrblo pyccKoe r'lacoHcrBo He3aMer-

Ho, Ho HeyKJIoHHo pa3beAaer 6ypxyaaHn, tpe6yn, 'Ito6u oHa orKa3aJIacb or cBoero KJIaCCOBOTO 3roII3Ma' qeM SHaqr{reJrbHo o6,rerqaercn pa6ora KoMMyHll3Ma. Pyccxoe uaCOHCTBO I,IACT OT OTACJIbHbIX TI-IqHOCTCI{ K MACCAM' TOTAA KaK KOMMyHHSM HAeT OT MaCC K OTA€;-IbHbIM .IllIqHOCTfll\{' 3ro dxrvpsr'tbHo MoxHo 6u,ro 6u cpaBHlITb c [enexoAoM (rtlac6Hciio) H aerorr,ro6uneu (xourrlynxsu). .llopora u r{eJb HX OAHH, Ha Aopore oHI{ Apyf Apyry He MelualoT' raK .KaK aBroMo6n.nl He cMox(er B3flTb B cBon Kapery Bcex' trI neuexoA roxe Ao6epercn <<Ao I(ueaa>>. A no reopult oKKy,'IbTlI3Ma H neuexoA H aBTOMO6UilT BCe paBHo K KoHeqnoir ITeJIH npuAyr oAHoBpeMeHHo. 3ta 6recrnulaq o6paurenu-e qeJloBeqecrBa B eAHHyIo 6parcxyro ueJrb paBHo 6yler AocrllrHyra JIHIxb rorAa' KorAa ceMbio *.

- Bce Bce nIoAH npoHnKHyrcg a,'Ibrpyn3MoM MacoHbI reKoMMyHHSM' net 7 Ha6rrclaq 6essHegAHo nepb BI{Aqr, rlTo 9To 3AopoBafl cI{JIa, cuoco6gaR He roJIbKo Ha pa3pytueHlle, Ho H Ha co3Aasue. To,rnro cJlefloft, He xe;rar6uruft BHAerb, He 3aMeqaer' qro no Bceft crpane Haqa-

J'rocb cTpoI{TeJIbcrBo' IIOSBHJII{Cb 3eJIeHbIe pocrKH ..H 3aJIe' quBar,orcq paubl, HaHeceHHbIe rpa)KAaHcKoir sofiHofi H pa3-

,HbrMlr HHrepBenuugun' B raKoe BpeMg rlpecryrlno cTofllb B crop,oHe, He npHHIIMas yqacrlrfl no Mepe cllJl B eroft o6-

* Mu eePnu BMecre c ,Ilxer JlouAosou, qro <AyxoBHbIe pailocrll

u anbrpylr3M rIpI{AyT Ha cMeHy rps3nouy o6xopcray uauux 4uefi>.

268

uleft cosuAareJrbHofi pa6ore. Vuacreya B Hefi, ruoxno 6y4er 6ucrpee 4o6rlrtcn roro, qro Ha crapoMacoHcKoM ssbr-

Ke 3oBercq <<3laruu AcrpeftHnrra BexoM>>, To ecrb paBHbrx yclonHl'r xr{3Hr{ .4,Jrtr Bcex yrHeTeHHbrx, coeAnHeHHbIx Apyxi6ofi, 6parcrBoM rr Bsar{MHbrM yBax(eHHeM. floarorrly pyc. cKoe illacoHcTBo no csoeft HAeoJrotrrrl a[o.rt]rT}rrlHo, T. e. oHo rre crpeMuTcfl, qro gBdrifercq r,rasHoii npuuanrofi A,'rq sarlaAttoeBponellrcxoro MacoHcrBa, K 3axBary BJracrrl.

6;aro4apn csoefi yMo3pnreJrbHocru, 9To Aar Hero MeJrxo. Ouo pagBr.r'Baer B cBoHx r{,reHa-\ cKopee flaccr{BHocrb, TaK qro re rrI.tgHeco3eptlanr, Ho He xueue.4eftcrByror.

Cefiqac oHo a[o,'ruTl.r.rHo 6o.nee qeM KorAa-,rn6o. rax-xax Cossnacrr Ao6lanacb npeAena ero fioJrr.rrnrrecKax .raqHufi colo3a cao6o4ulrx HapoAHocreir. Ocraercs reppr.rropuaJrhflo H [PaKTr.IqecKri 3aKpenr.rTb 3ro.

_ B cuny 3Toro, cBq3b c

3arpaHr.rqHblM MacoHcrBoM.

6esyc;rooHo, o[acHa, TaK KaK oHa 3acraB,'rfler cJIvx(IITb rIVxrIM, rJacro npaxge6HblM H IIorrrH BcerAa Herisgect"orM HaM ue,rrrrM, TaK lrro noJrHTHKaHcrBo, ecJru 6u raroe npotBr.rJrocb B pgAax pyccKofo MacoHcrBa, MbI Cqr{TaeM HEeN{ 6onesHeHHstM, ypoAJrHBbIM H orKJ'IoHeHr.reM or'BJre_ Ha-

rxero ycraBa. C srurra Hy)KHo 6ecnoulaAuo 6oporlcn rr npe_ ceKarb ero, no4o6Ho roMy, KaK xrlpypr orceKaer raHrpeHo3Hbre opraHbr paAr.r claceHns Bcero cy6texra. Bor noueuy pyccKoe MacoHcrBo -.8 lSlb roay oiopna,rocr, or HacaAHBr[efo ero aHI.iIHTCKOTO Ir o6rqslrro ce6s coseDureIIHo aBro,rroMHbru (rrlaprnHr{3M sro cAenan n lgl2 roAV). r\poMe roro, pyccKoe MacoHcTBO AaBHO Hsx(EJrO H nepepocJro xpncrnaHcrBo, .60r Koropofo, co3AaB .rrnaeft, npba_

IILICbIBaeT r.rM yTyIrIeHHe g ce6e Bcefo Toro, qro cocraerqer xpacoTy_ H paAocrb xugHr.r. H ,{el\,r 6o,rlure Myrraer r.r rensaer c_e6n qeJroBer, rervr 6oltrue pa,qyercq orer( ero He6ecuufi. Eyayulr <sce6la-fuM)>, oH ga-rpexu u ouru6xu, aa"rru"_ rlbre B TerreHfie 60-70 Jrer x{H3HH, 3acraBJrfler JroAeft tseq_

rro crpaAarb B <<reeuHe orseHHori>>. Ey4yun <<BceMoryqaM>>, oH pa3peuaer <<AbqBo.lry> cno6o4uo BJracrBoBarb HaA JrroAb_ MI.I, H ecJrr{ nocneAHge H3HeMoraror a uepaauofi 6opl6e c ca.nr,gefturzM nporr,IBHuKoM,- oHLI oKa3bIBarcTcff ocyx4en_ frbIMH Ha re xe BeqHbIe uyrn *.

* OcHosarenu MoHrr3Ma sencxfifi npoe. eprecr Fexrear roBopnr: {ecdrH qeJroBeK xoqer xHTb a npaB[nbHo opraHHSoBaHHOit fl qyBcrBoBarb B HeM ce6c xopo[o, oH AOJTXeH Sa60'rrbcg o6qecrse roJrbxo o cBoeu co6ctseHHoil cqacrbe, Ho ?arxe u o cqacrbe He rofi o6r4uuu (nar rocynapcrna), r roropofi oH np[HaAnex[T, n o rex 6ansiltnr, Koropbro Bxo4sr B gTor Corlnaassufi Cong. rleaoneK Aonxcn rtro 3narb, rx 6aarononywe, rx crpaAafllre eno cTpaAanner.

Taxu*r o6pasoM, no reopufi tionlrama gro]f3M n anbrpylt3u true-

269

rcT OAnHaKOBOe npaBo Ha CylqecTEoBaHFe, llopanbHat paBHoqeBHocrb nrc6Bn K ce6e rr Jrrc6B[ K 6,nnxxelry ecrb Kpaeyroatuu$ xament nouncruqeexofi QnrocoQtu. Maconcrin noph;rr HAer Aanbule- Ona yutr, qro Aaxe 3Aopotufi erot gu Jrnqnocrx Topmo3xr AyxoBHyb ee gBoJtroqlxr' ycrpeMnflt

B3rJttr qeJtoBexa HcKrtoqHTeJbHo Ha 3eilHue 6lata xrdnn' Hgeal, K KoropoMy crpeMlrfcfl t[naoco$croe MaconcrBo' ecrb caMonoxeprBoBaH[e

nperpacHo xnJtlocrpnpyer 9ro Posenrpefiuep-

co6crBeHHof, xpoBbrc Il MscoM cBonx Aecxnfi llenrxau, xopurulufi renuureft. 9ro noxet 6urt suue rl qrqe pasynnofi uatepnxcxo* Jrrc6s[ r caoltt nrenqaM!

Eynyqn <BcecnpaBeAH5114r, oH Aonycxaer noxatnl{e leref, sa rpe-

xx po4nre,refi H T. A. Ir r. L.

Bor so qro BHpoAnnocb xorAa-To peBoJlloqfiouHoe xpllcrnaHcrBo. Ho 6es Mopann If HpaBcrleHHocrr He Moxer xnrb nlt oLHH Ha-

PoA'.H"r"

peBonloq[t ocHoaaHa Ha cnpaBeAJl[tBocr]t'- nlcan

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Bu4R, uro xplcrraecrBo BecbMa AEcrpeA[THpoBaFo E txllpoKux

Maccax, n 6oncl, qro or sroro nocrpaAaer HapoAHaf npaBcrBenn(rcTb t| yBeJr[tqnTcc npecTynHocTb H xyIXraHcTBo' MHOr}|e pyccK'e MacoHHpo-c xaiexnofi cefiqac cilorptr Ha reHHHllsM, xax na necyuufi cBoero Aa HoByro Mopanb I npruue4urxfi Ha cueHy xpucrlancroy.

Bocro,tnue HapoALl' B qacrnocril xntaf,qu, yxe lr- Tax nptrxtnr

JreHHHr3M. ttosroruy JteHuHll3M' coaepunr peBoJlrcq[rc tfopttt',1o'nxen eqe peBoJlrcIlilto npaBoB' Anc cBoero ynpoqeHnt coBepullrb lvlHe monyr Bo3pasHTb, qTo gBoJrrcqHoHHHil nlnb cJlIllIlHoM AJlt|HeE

H AoJror. B nnpoaofi ncropnx, nAe ponb rrrpax]f tre roAH x AecsrsJleTfis, a BeKa H TblccqeJternt - AocrtxeHxn x3MepflKlrcs He Bpererleu' pa:t crpeMneHtln KoMMyH]r3Ma coBnaa cBoero Kpelocrbn. Iloerony pyccKoro MacoucrBa' pa3 r c crpeuJrenfitutl ug'prax B o6ultlx ,qaror qro BpeAHo n ne1ollycToM' B orqer ce6e orAaror tcno ror r 4pyrofi TuMo B cbrpeuenHofi xl|3tt]t, u pa3 B Hx raKTHxe Her aFtaroHl|sil4 -

*ut"noa" 6H, so3ltoxtto pa6orarr napaJtJreJrblto' n6o, -noltopllo' "nt, MacoHcrBo cBoHM nyreM npro6peraer MHorro( TBep,u,brx' ydexqenxux rl Bepnbtx lrc4efi, pa6orarourxx no cBoeMy BIlyrpeHHeMy coallax$xl He

3a crDax. a 3a coBecrb n npt| roM' ll3 q[cra nHTeJUrnreHAn[' corpyAAan roinyx*sttra 6yAer recuua nor€xtHo' reu 6oqro rAe qHcroMy KoMMyHH3My rpyanee Bc.ero npxo6aacru, sra Jree o6petaft ce6e xcrpenHnx cropoHHltxon' Be4syfexAarbnroAeft Hy)l(Ho' ||cxo.llc tl3 rtx xJraccoBofo caMoco3HaH[q' npnMeHtqcb x nx ncl|xHNe, unaqe ne 6y4er Ycnexa' He IraAo sa6ularr, qro peBonloqnonxufi nyrb caoHilH crpeiln-

;;"il;'t*-opofi

TeJrbBOcTr,rO

u Hartlcxoil ru6pacuaaer MHOnO 3AOpOBbD( gI€MenTOBr

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IIo[ snaileHeM MacoltcrBa ofln Mor'qu 6u 6urr o6aelnnenu r

rcnoJlb30BaHrK).

ncn' Hrrepecno B AaHuoM cJlyqae npocneA[Tb paoJtuqne nauefigCeX OTTeHKoB, oropBaBuuxcfl or ponHofi noqBbr ll o6naatonlltx noporu nHocrpal-

XOJTOT',. n ncrxoJronx,n rax HhSHsaeMuX 6e,nOgapg,ef,qeS

nHx "6aironere,nefi>. B-ro npeun, Katt MH paAyelrct Kaxr'olty Horolr]r vcnexv. nDsBercrBYeM xax4uil utar Ha nyrlr K Boccra$oBrelnrc ttasf6onx-brM Bcrpeqaor ua'nefi""-iil .*p.*eron oAecr y Hac B CCCP' uee ynyqlueHle, [po]rcxoAeqee

ffi;"; ;;ffi;;; 270

, Moxer 6urr, nerolopue ray6oroubrcJreflHHe EoJturtu(H- Ha3oBv" raK, He na4o 6onrucn cros. Ho nru nonyi- nycrb qnrlr Ao ltocneAuefi ocranooKlf ecrb Ao qucroro rouuyxusua, n - ToCKOpee saua Meqfa 9Ta CTaHqnS. HaCTynHna t| qro6u cropef, flac floflyrqr{KaMr

-rqTo6h| 3a(oHqilrcf nepRoA rrocyAapcTEeHHoro KaItIrTaJtH3Ma>.

Cefiqac Mu_nepexlBaeu flcropnqecrnf, xouenr: HH crouM Ha rpa$rr AByx pac. 6eaan Aptxnercqafl paca, fiocJre l2-rucgqe,lernero nepHoAa cyqecrBoaaxnf, s 2000 FoAy cileHrercc xeJrrofi pacof, (noc,ne4-

nefi rl Haruero qerBepTHoro uxxaa). Oxa so rraae c Knraei, nepe-

r(lrBarcqxM Hbrxe cBoro lgpByto opraru3oBaHHyo peBonxlqnn (naru f 0p5 r.), noAHlruer e€cr 900-urur,ntounufi Bocrox il Aacr roJrqoK lJtrl BHxoAa ero Ha MilpoByro apexy. 6eaan paca, xoxeqxo, 6yAer eqe cyilIecrBoBarb, Ho rraBeHcrBytoqyro ponb Hrparb ne 6y4er, KaK B Ha_ cror[Ie€ BpeMc coutra Ha BTopocreuennoe, rro6u ne cxagarr 6o,nee, MecTo paH€e rocnoAcTBoBaBuafl qepHan paca, r|nlf KaK nocTeneHHo BHil[paer npeAurecrBoBasuan Nautefi paca rpacnar. A seAr Kaxlan tr,

illrx xl|ra MHonne THcflqx JreT r| rMeJra aHcoKyK) KyJlbrypy, pa3nuq_

nue taftxu roropoft Ao clrx nop He pacKphrrH HanpnMep, He[3Becren - ns €ocraB trcKyccrBennbtx AparorleHnbtx xauuefl, cnoco6 xpaHeHkr

MepTBbrx TeJl B TeqeHtle coTeH r| Tbtcgq IeT, Hu cocTaB qeMeHTa, CKpenJrflroulero erunercK[e nfipamnAH, Hlr HenocpeAcrsenHufi cnoco6 npu'rrxe_Hfir gne(TpHqecTBa H3 BOSAJTXa If ilHonrfe ApyrHe. lf nor, roroBccb ycr5rnlrb Mecro r{ nepBeHcrBo HaurfiM MJraAufiM fparbf,M xe"trofi pace, MH AoJrxHH He 6opotcr c HHMlt, cKyno qentrtscb- 3a Harx[ Aocrl:renrlfl, a AonxHhr noAnoroaJrgrb unr 6aaroAarHyK) noqBy Ans pacqBera H npoAonxeHrrq Hauero aena _ sBoJrro{I{l-l nporpecca Bcero rteJroBeqecTBa. Buecre c reu, rAet rlnr{AxanAyantr3Ma; AoJrxHa, KoHeqHo, yMep€Tb npl cBere KoJrJreKrnBH3ua, gxctrnyaraqfin n HacrJrne yfirr n ne,r_ nocrr eceo6ulero cqacrbq, nporpecca R 6parctaa.

H nycrr sanaAnoe noJltrr[KancrBynqee MacoHcrBo, noreprBrrree KJlxrqlr K caoefi nayxe k xnByr{ee rla gaABopxax BapnaMenTapr3Ma, 3aqxuaer 6eayro pacy H pasAerfier c .Heft o6u{yrc cy,qr6y.

. ryccKoe aBToHo{Hoe MacoHcTBo, no Ayxy rtyxAoe 3anaAHoMy,

AoJrxHo r{ATr Buecre c KoMMyHl{gMoM K HoBoMy cBernoMy 6yayureuy - Bcer.rrpnouy Corosy Bcex yrHereHHbtx HapoAoB. llpaKrHqecKH B qeM xe Mox(er BHpa3nTbcr padora Anr. (oxonnoro) Py-ccx, (oro) uaconcrBa no flepeuarHrqnBainro pyccxofi unrel-

uxrenqut?

He npeApeuaq, MH cqHTaeM! qro npexae Bcero aoJlxHo - Hrqero ycrpaHeHo HeAoBepr{e Coeercxofi BJlacr[ i pyccxouy Maconcr6nrr

By, HeAOBepHe, .ItOBTOpteM, OCHOBaHHOe Ha HeAopa3yMeH[nr BH3BaHaou ua.lofi ocBeAoMnenuocrbro BJtacrr o Ayxe, r, noxa,nyfi, Aaxs o

{nexonounx Pyccxoro MacoHcrBa. Toarxo ior,qa oosuoxHH noJtoxr{Te,[bHbre peSyrbTaTH.

JlocmHoe orHoruerlre Aar, (onouuoro) Pyccx. (oro) uaconcrea

x Coa. BJracr[ (uro uoxno AoKa3arb Mnorru]r npnuepauu), Aaer, Ka3aJrocb 6u, npaeo Ha raKoe Aoo€p[e, peynbrarol[ uero tro,nxno 6urr Mspnoe cyqecrBoBaHle MacoHcKHx aox. Be4r cyqecrByerxeKpecrilHrepH psAoM c C(earcro)-xoo(rf,craexnHnn) Corcsann, npnnruran{quull K nrarfopue II Hurepnaunoxaaa. Iloqeuy He Moxer cyr{ecrBoBarb pyccxoe (KpacHoe ilaconctBo, n CCCP, KaK npornBoBec lrno-

Jllrr[qecKon{y} uacoxcrEy 3ana4a.

Koxewo, HacoHbr He nperenAyror Ha orKpuryro neralrrrgaqnrc, T. K. 9To 6y4er cxopee BpeAHo, qeu noJte3uo, AJrr rrx pa6oru. }t rorIa cuoryr o6lxxsrr B (qeKrrguer rrnn <pe[Tilrbnocrn), qro HetrpeMeu-

tto oTroJrKHeT oT ifacoHcTBe pyccKyro r|flTeJrJrfireHrluro. Polr ilacoHcT-

27r

Ba, uraBHHM O6pa3OM, 3aKr|.oqaerct B ToM, qro6H y6eAnrb ny{lrlyK] qacrb ee B (SaKoHOMepHoCTHD nepex[BaeMHx CO6bITnf,, a C.TeAOBATerbHo, B HeH36exHocr[ rx. Vcnexu 6roSlsnxn sce 6oree noArBep-

xAaKrT yqeHHe ApeBHocTlr o ToM, qro qeJIoBeK co AIft cBoero poxAeHHt, HaxoAurct noA aor4eficruen BnoJtHe 3aKonouepHHx Moulttbtx KocMrrqecKlx 6no$uaruecrxx $axropoB. 34ecr pea,nrnan padora Aatonomxoro Pyccroro MacoHcrBa Bbrp:ulr{Tcf, npexAe Bcero B yKp€nneHnx B npaBoco3HaHnn pyccxofi nnTe.rrJrureHqlrn npexAe acero rAefi [HTepHaquoHaJIn3Ma

H KoMMyHH3Ma,

a raxxe r 6opn6e c xJlepxxaJt[amo*r. AnrlrxlteplrKannoM f,Bttercfl oAHuM ng nooynroB Boalxoro KauenurnqecrBa, npfi3HBarcqero cBolx

qrenoB c [epBHx lranoB rt( [esreJrbuocrfi x 6ecnoulaAnofi 6opr6e c

cyeBepusuH, npeApaccyAxaMu H npoqfiMlr ycJtoBxocrnnn xngnu' MexAy TeM, HeyAOBJrerBOpeHHafl CKJTOHHOCTb pyCCKOTO [HTeJIJlHreHTa K MeraQneuxe u Qx.nocoScrBoBaH[rc uoxer roJrKnyrb ero E rleproBHocrb' rAe oH nerKo pncKyer crarb Ao6uqefi ne3ylrroB l{Jlt'r Jt[q' cK'rloHHHx K norHTgKaHcrBy. Hau cxaxyr, qro B pyKax y Conercxofi BJtacrH ecrb KapareJlbnufi annapar, BepHo. Ho npr4 dru BxoAItr B ee 3aAaq[ nJtoArlrb (My-

qeH[KoB peJrunuu] (c rotxx 3pennt 3anala) H reM Saocrpcrb opyxrle cBorx sapy6exnux BParoB.

Karre xe napaHTItH Pyccxoe ilacoHcrBo Moxer npeAcraB[Tb

BJIac?H B ToM, qro B caolx Jroxax ono ue 6yAer sanruarbcfl auTtt-

corercxoft arurauxefi.

Cour.lteircq Ha Hcropuro. B l8t8 r. rpoccueficrep Be,nnxoft Atro-

nounofi ,noxn <Acrpen> Mycnn-Ilyuxlln - 6proc nepeAaJl nellepannpoKypopy Bnsuntxnory cnHcKH JIox cBoero- Corcea lr Bce p[ryaJtu' Iro KoropHM BeJIficb pa-6oru. Ilo'reuy xe ceftuac, s 1925 r.' ilacoHbl ne cuor.nr 6u coo6unrs Blacrn ro xe cauoe?

nrax. uoxr,o 6u,lo 6tl npe4rro)Klrrb cae,u.yloulnfi modus vivendi A) Cosercxac BJracrb repnhr cyutocrBoBanle MaconcKlx nox H tqee[ sio,u.culnx s Coros fenepa,nrnofi .loxn <Acrpet'' He npecJteAys ee

qrenoa ga Hx rtpnnaArexnocrb x Cotosy.

B cBoto oqepeAb' corJlacno cBoeMy E) fexeDa;rrxag Jloxa <Actperr, yuoxennro 58t5 (1815) 18 roAa o6nryerce He [Merb Hrtxalrrx raEE or nDaB[reJlbcrsa CCCP ll He Ha(oAtlrbcfl B cBgglr tr.llu colo3e Hn c

oAHnM lrHocrpaHHHM Bocroxolt ltJtH r{HocrpaHnbtM MacoHcKnM opAe-

HOM.

n P I'I M E q A H [l E: l'enepa,nrnac Jloxa <Acrper> rapaurnpyer xpoMe roro, npo6yx4enne B cBOIlx qJreHax unpoun6rr lt- orxa3a or yqacrlc B nofiHTlrrrecKlrx aBaHTrcpax' KaK Ha reppilTop[tr Pecny6;tlxu,

--

TaK If BHe ee Bo3HHKarcUlI|X'

A"tono"noe Pycxoe MacoucrBo tosJlbno Bbl[oJrHHT erH o6soauHocrn u reu 6o,nee oxorHo, rtro oHH BbITeKanr Hg ero-- nporpaMMHr *oaopa" can*ac noqTH rroJrHocTbro. ocyqecrBntercc Koncrxryrlxef;

cccP.

Ec,nu sro Ho cooTEeTcTByEr BnAaM cOsercxoro npaBuTeJlbcTBa H.Ill ecJrrt rapaHT[n xe cqnTax]Tcg AocTaroqHHMH' eMy croilT no npHMepy

uapcxoro lpaBlrenbcrBa 3a[per[Tb cyqecroBaHfie MacoHcrBa'

noxn 3aKpHnncb Ir l|peKpaTrr"'rlr cBorc AeflreJlbHocrb

qToobt

t5. VIII. 25

fenepa.nrnufi Cerperapr Be;rxxofi Jloxn cAcrper-t A-p 6' Acrpouor' linp'a"n"*tq"fi iaciep loxu <Ky6nqecKoro Kaunq> na Bocroxe Jleunnrpa4a)

3aru. r6n. cirxperapn <Bb,nnxofi ,noxu <AcrDcn> (Vnpaunloulnfi mac= Tep Jtoxx *fapn'ronxn, na Boctoxe ldocxnu) C. IlonncaAoe' 272

JS 5. NOCTAHOBJIEHT{E

rEH EPAJIbHO N JIOXU <ACTPEfl > 22 orcnfPn 1925 r're 3aclyurae AoKJIaAbI leuepa.ulHoro Cexperapn n efo saMecrnierfl o p$yJlbrarax nepefoBopoB c npaBureJlbcrCCCp o aa;rtsefirueft Aeqre'"IlHocrn AsrouoMHoro "o* MacoHcrBa lt y6e4uaul'Icb B HeI{3MeHHoM HeAopyccKoro BbIiirplrn coB. BJlacrlt x erofi Aeqreflbnocru' HeAoBepI'IH' HanpaB3a 3BOJIIOIIHOHHbIM en He[pIi3HaHI'Ig H3 rexaroquu JreHHeM npaBa Ha [apaJIJIeJIbHoe eno cyqecrBOBaIIHe

c Ha--

noqnnHofi rrpaBJIeHueM peaonnrinoHHblM' a raKlxe 6yayqu

cranb ornoureul{}o K cyuecrByloueit e"Iacrn H He }KeJIafl qro flBJIflHoBl{Tbcfl Ha rlyrb nporueo4eficrBllff ee.noJIIirI4Ke' .nocr 6u se corlaCHblM c ycrasoM AeroHoMHolo MacoHctna, feHepa,'IbHafl noxa <<Acrpeg> nocraHoBJIger: a) npei<paturb BcsKyI'o rponoBeAb BoJIbHo-KaMeHUu{qecxnx uAefi;

6) corparurb Ao MI{HI'IMyMa rIplIHflrIIe B cBolo cpeAy nosdx np66auon - KaK HecBoeBpeMeHnoe, BnpeAb Ao II3pycMeHeHI.Iq B3ulflAoB llpanurellcrna Ha AsroHoMHoe

cKoe MacoHcrBo;

,e) xonuro cero nocraHoBJIeHHg npoqecrb B MaJIbIx JIoxax H nepeAaTb no Ha3Ha!IeHI{IO.

feu. cexperapb AoI(Top E. B. AcrpoMoB 3arvr. feHepa.rlbHoro cexperapn C. B. fI o 'r s c a A o B t{les feHepanluofi .noxlt i\'l' C ee a crbqHo B

ili 6. NIICbMO E. B. ACTPOMOBA qJIEHAM JIOXU (KVEHIIECKOTO KAMHT> l0.XII-1925 r.20 EpoxeHne cpe,u,rt qJIeHoB ua"'lol't,'toxn <<I(y6nqecxoro I{ KaruHarr, o6uapyxnemee HX HeAHcuI'rrIIIHHIIpoBaHHocrb seo6xoAHtulte yc;IoBIlq AJIff npoAyKHerapMou[qHocrb - sacraB,'iflIor Hac B pa3BI'ITHe rlocranoBrueHbft pa6oru JreHrifl fe"epa.ttlnoil Jloxlr <<AcrpeR>> or 22 ot<rn6px 1925 nola saxpurn I,r pacflycrllrb o3HaqeuHyn 'roxy-<<Ky6laqecxoro Kar't,tnqu, o6ssae yqacrHgKoB ee JIHIIIb o6erou MOJIqAHHf .

Macrep Cryna KY6uuecroro Kauns sa Bocrore .IIeunurPa4a EPhroach Cxpenu.n:

flotvleta: Ceir Vxas 6u.n nPoureu 273

JS 7. NI{CbMO E. B. ACTPOMOBA BEJII,IKOn rEHEpAn:bHon floxE <ACTpEfl> l2.Xll-1925 r. 2r

.{oporxe apysrr!

MeHq rHerer orcyrcrBne nnAcKoro MarepHaJra, roAHoro BocflpuHsrb BceqeJroBeqecKre HAear,rbr poccrficitorc Asro_

HOMHOTO MACOHCTBA.

Kpoue roro, BHHMareJIbHo Ha6.nrcAag B TeqeHHe rloca-t€lt_ HHX JIeT Haruy x(H3Hb, fl rrpHllreJr K 3aKJIIOqeHHrO, qTo cKopefiuufi BbrxoA Pocclrn l.ls sxoHoM'rrecKoro H noJlHTHqecNoro Ty[IiKa' H3oJII]poBaHHocrH BogMox(eH JII{II]b npH noJrHOM eAHHCTBe XXBbIX CIIJI, -yqacTByIOqHX fiJrIt MOryIqHx yrracrBoBarb B coqHaJIr.rcrHqecKoM crpoureltcrre. Taxoe eAHHcrBo 4eftcrnlrr, yMeHHe <<xoTerb H Moqb> cefi.Iac ecrt.

no-MoeMy, rorbKo y P. K.fL, noarouy fracrxe B HHblx epaKunrx HJrrr rpynrxpoBKax, xorg 6u ilpecreAyroulsx o6_ uee c KoMMyHHSMOM r.rAeaJrbl, HO pacxoArrrlHxcfl c HHMfl B raKTHKe HexeJrareJrbHbr H Aaxe BpeAHbr. Beu4y cero fl cJrararc c- ce6s 3BaHHe qreHa fexepa.rrtnofi Jloxa *Acrpeau u leuepa,rrHoro Cexperapfl. H yxbxy B r{acrHyro .nluuyl,o x(Lr3Hb.

Ephroach (in protanis A-p E. Acrpouoo)

il! 8. nncbMo H. B. cTAJrr4Hy ros. CraJuHl 22 O6pauarocb K BaM, xaK r( oAHoMy H3 pyr(oBoAursrefi ^ Cosercxoft noJrrrrnKu u Cexperaprc l{esrpa.,,l"orrc Kou. (Hrera) B.K.n. (6). l0txeapn c.r.x3 s cJroxun c ce6s 3BaHr.re leuepa.rlHoro Cexperapr H qreHa feuepamuofi noxs <Aciper> AsroHoruHoro Pyccxoro uacoucraa, pa3Br3aJr ce6e pyxu, DosBparHB cno6o4y AeficrBsr rr JrHruHB BosMoxHocrH i'6v_ nyqeM rou.-Hn6yAs o6suunrr MeHs B HeKoppexrHou orni,_ IrreHHn x AsroHol{uouy PyccxoMy Maconcriy. Irton x{e no_ .irl.rTHqecKag opHeHTaql{t HHKOTO H3 MacoHoB He xacaeTcfl r{ AeJro Moeft cosecrn.

Taxuu o6ptsou, g Mory coBepueHuo He3aBlcuMo pa3_ roBapuBarb c Baun.

B noAausorlr B aBr. M. npru.'r. roAa BMecre c ynpaB.:iflrou1tlU t\rocxoecrofi .noxn <fapMor{Hr> -nOr'IH_ ^nlacTgpoM

CAAOBbIII Aox;a,re ua6arcAapuleuy oprany CCCp o

Bosil,roxHocrrr coBrvrecrrrol-r AeqrerbHocru Asr.(oHouHoro)

pyc (cxoro) uac. (oucrna) n xoMMyHnshaa 6br.,ri 274

".*orogo

6u 6poueHa $paea: <KpacHoe Macol+crBo ceo6oAHo trlor'no cylqecrByer cvruecrBoBarb psAoM c 6ypNyaeHblM - BeAb #e iipo6anrepli H Koruunr6pn pflAoM c pa6ouuull I{ KpecrbffrrcKHMH coIo3aMH, npnurixaiourl'IMlt K AuctepAaucKoMy coulaIueHHlo> 24.

Tenepr fl xoqy yKa3arb Ha KpacHoe MacoHcrBo He ror''lbKo KaK ira o6tei,xileul'Ie KoMMyHHcTI'IqecKI{ MbIcJIflIIT[x' Ho Mor 6n npnulrl n"" @pr,ry u rtaacx"poaxy, Soropylo qro "u Kot'tunrepn.. (HeceKper, ii;;ffi"i;l tin ,u,ns xorb ne ntra6 unponoft pe' I{ npaBurenbcrBo rJracHoe MocKoBcKoe r'nao.BoJTIouIIH KaK ero Ha3bIBaIor na 3ana4e) RuaercR HbIMKaMHeMnpeTKHoBeHuf,AJIfi3aKJInqeHHfcorJ]aIIIeHHI{ c Aurauefr, Opanquefi n Auepnxoft, H cleAoBareJlbHo 3aCCCP' AepxllBaercfl -' 'Mex4y 3KoHoMI{qecKoe Bo3poxAense lro .r€M, ecJIll 6u Korrlnnrequ 6ut'lI nepennqoBau ero u5ttl"S 6u npllHqa e. r. o6pasuy oraco"crea, -!^opJ1,t (xbseqiro, yflpocrllB H BHAoH3MeHHB MHoroe)' HH Jlfifa rra-

qnfi, tn iro lpyrofi, HHqero He ocMe'nI'IJIucl 6u Bo3pasi'Irb

rrDorI{B eno cyulecrBoBaH[fl, KaK Maconcxofi oprauu3aul4l{' O'co6euno OpanuHr n Auepuxa' rAe HMelorcfi IleJIbIe JIoxll c cotrxa,'IucrnqecKl'Iu 6olsrunncf,BoM H rAe IIpaBYTe"Ibcrso 6oatuen qacrblo cocmnT Toll(e n3 MacoHoB (n.?np' ilp""",q."t TAOT, He 6lrsIrluft paHbIIIe MacoHoM' ceftqac xb no ns6pauHx 6Hr nocsqqeH e uacoHu) ' flpuHaine l(orranurepuoM MacoHcxoii nnqusu - coBceM uecnoxuo H KocHercq JIHIIIb BHeIIIHocTI'I. Kax.qaq Haul{oHaJrbHag ceKqHg ero Morra 6rr o6pasonatr orAeJlbHylo a npeAcraBnTern sx (npesugllytvt) Jro)Ky - MacrepcKylo' 6n reHepanbHylo no)Ky. cQoprvrnpoealn

-

fl yAtraantocb, KaK pa6oue-xpecrbflHcKoMy npaBHTeJIb.' srol'I

crBy paHb[Ie He IIpHIIIJIO B TOJIOBy BOCnOJIb3OBarbcfl craio-pa6oueft, npbQ_e_ccuosaalsorl opraHll3aquefi, 3axsaqennoft 6ypxyasnefi. KoHe'IHo, pe$opt'tupoBaB ee H olIucrI'IB ee, corJlacHo Ayxy H 3aBeraM JIeHI{HH3Ma (BeAb no3aI'IM-

crBoBaJII{ xe pa6oune opraHu3auux HAeIo cKayrusMa Ll iur"n" y ce6n^ orpffAbl nilonepon). Ter'r 6o;Iee, qro Cos.' B",racrb yxe e3qna MacoHcKIIe cHMBoJIbI: nflTHKoH' (eunylo)

3B*Ay, Mo.ItoroK H Cepn.

Hixoneq, caua nponaraH4a JIeHHHHsIua, 6'naro4apa uacoHcrol'r KoHcnI'IpaqHH H AHcuHTIJII{He' MorJIa 6H sectucl ycnellrHee, oco6esio B crpaHax Boctoxa, rAe raK cKJIoHHbI KO BCeMy ranHcTBeHHOMy'

Bce, qto q SAecb nHIIry, mJIbKo orAenbHble MbIcJIE, He H He AeranH3HpoBaHHbIe. o6pa6maHuble -Mse xote:tocn 6u oTHMH crpoKaMI'I JIHtxb Aarb rorqoK' npo6yanrt Bauy rBopqecKyto co3HAareJIbHylo MbIcnb'

275

A uoxer 6url, am Bac eauHrepecyer. TorAa N)roB cJryx(r.rrb cBoHMrl aHaHHTMH H onbIToM n erofi o6.lacru, e KaqecrBe coBerquKa-KoHcyJrbraHTa wlrr xax Bu nafi,qire

r

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ll.II.l926 r. E. fenepantnufi Cerperapr leuepa,rtuoli .Iloxu <Acrpen> (A_p Acrpouon) Mofi a4pec: JleuuurpaA, An3, V Oraea. t Texcr HanBcaH or pyr{t! rr saBepeu co6croenHopyu_ noft nlu_,nncrn E. B. Acrpbiuoaa. .- ^' {-yp. .3luaKnon^ernu oKKyJrbru3Ma, quranHuft M. s l9ll-1912 aK. roAy a r. IereiOypre. l.,-2.g.

Bnn. -O.'M. Cll6., lgl2 r. fIoA usur{r.ra;raun f.

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OrroHoanq Me6ec.

3 no Aeny nenrrHrpaAcKrix

MacoHoB Ceprefi B;raAu_ Mr.rpoButr flolucaAos npuueveH se 6u,r. B'AsrouolrHou Pyccxorr,r MacoHcrBe oH 3aHI,IMaJI AoJrxnocrb gaMecrr{Te.uR fen-epaltxoro ceKperaps. Karnx-an6o cgeAeHsfi o ero AanbHenuer cy,[b6e BbrrBHrb He yAanocb.

4 TEJITKOBCKHE BraAnnnp

Apra4ueanu

(I861-I924.L^,l[uperrop nerep6yprcrnx rrMneparopcxux

rearpoB (c l90l r.).

5 Coxpant.locb orJtanJreHl{e eroft 6pourropn (c,v.: Myeen liropnr p€rnrnp -__OP) B JlcHuHrpa,Tc. I(o.rexrrrrq II. On.2. Jl. l_l_<i6. Eure paHbure, a 4exa6pe 1923 ro.qa, E. B. Acrpoiuosbll.{ 6bura

orAen pyKorHcefi.(aaaee

Hanr.rcaHa crarta <flapHxcKafl KoMMyHa

ll MacoHbr), B

I(OTOpOH OH nonHTaJrcfl nocTaBr.rTb noA coMHeHHe no-

nylxpHnfi B To BpeMs B crpaHe resnc o <<rrelro6ypxyaeHblx reHAeHIIIlflx MaconcrBa>, ucnoJrb3oBaB ,[Jn erofi ne_ au uaHaQecr napuxcKux $panxrrlaconos <K roBapurqaM MacoHaM @pauunn r{ Bcero rrlnpa> l8?l roAa B sarr1aTy nap-Hlr(cKnx roMMynapoB. Sror AoKyMeHr, 3aKaHqfiBaB_ uruficr _npueunou <,[,a 3ApaBcrgyer -$e,qeparanrar rouuyHa @panqnn c_Ilapuxcxofi xourrlynbfi io r;rase!), 4a_ er, KaK no,rarar'r D. B. Acrporuon, nc'e ocHoBaHHs anfl Toro, uto6n (3oJIorHMlr [IicbMeHaMu clrqrb Ha cKpllrKantx Hcropr.rt,I rre!'loBerrecrBa>

(OP Mysen ncropfiil pe.rHrHH B

JleuHrpaAe. K,o;ur. II. On. 2. Jrfs l. fln. i-3)'. Haneqa-

Tarb gTy .lrro6onurHyo crarbro eMy, K coxi,reHulo, He

IlpoAonxat pa6orarr HaA grofi renloft, IAa*oc:.

D. t'.,ACTpOMOB nOAroToBLrrl KHHry no ncTopHlr MaCOHCTsa <l,lcKare,'rn ucrrrHbr>, npe,luc!'toBne r roiopofi coraacir.'rcq Hanncarb ussecrHbrfi Macou H. A. Mooogos (lllrrcce"rr6yprcxufi), npHHarrexasuHri x <Be;rixorrry Bocrory HapoAoB Poccun>. Cnoro pa6ory E. B. Acrpo"MoB nocBrrH.t <noApacraroqeMy noKoJ'reHrrro ceo6oAnoi Pocoll> (OP Myaer ncropun pe,'rarlru n - ,Ilenirurpane. .Ko,r.n. II. bn. II. lr& g. n. g.'

276

o Jlerunq cocroflracb 15 EloHq 1923. r' Cu': Macor". Hu .*i.ud;-t; E. B Ampouoea // Kpacgas ra3e-

ra. 1923. 16 llrcsn. Beq. sun'

7 Texcr or pyKlr' B sar.lastrq <ORDO AB94-A9.W 3 St ;.:'-N ,-.,i"s npu"ou BepxHeM yr"ry: <Collection D-R B. As'tromow>.

E Texcr or pyKI'I, BBepxy ..r.leo6paxentle rpeyrolbHuKa c ngsxon6,isofi sBg3Aofi BHyJpH H sa,[,nHcb: ili;-."h;i;;i." in ot:.: Petr' :':-Biuev - n3o6pa-

xeHue qepena co cKperqeHHbIMH KOCTflMI'I' s flyd.nnryercfl no Malultuonucuofi KgIII!:- nepeAan-

Ant cBenol n.-'B. Acipolronnu B nenlrHrpaAcr<ogE'O![{ A*pouoaa' B' nornricsun fi*." vloqtorepen ;;;";.'gaMecrlireJlt.t,. n. Ilo'nucaAoBa u neqarblo Be'rsxoi ero

.noxu <Acrper>. ro KEP EHCKIII A.nexcannp Oe4oporrs ( I 881- I 970)'

IOoncr. C uapra l9l7 r. ecep' Munucrp locrl{qna' Bon uopcxofi MsHHcrp, MlrHucrp-flpeAceAareqb

"riiun i"oiii*p:"""td"p Bpelteunoio . - -uparure''rrc*a Pocii,tani" MeAse.u,Huat, npuiaaltexaauyrc K B roxy .'uri (. 6(gt) uto,:q l9i7 r.). B l9l2 r' nprHqr <Benuxolly Bocrory HaPoAoB Poccllu>. rr MI'IJIK)KOB IIaseJr Hrxonaesrq (1859-194-3)'

foz.too,i*.--n-vo*uuir. fluaep KaAercKofi Qparqnn sJIep.u-nadctaeH*iofi Ayr're. Mnnucrp nHocrpaHHHx Aen B

flprru,oi,-';;;;;;;-- 6'6".""o.o nphnxre'rriraa Poccxx' n.' H' tvtur'oxoia r Bcer',rnpHouy Eparcrny "".ii ,aan.ao"ui*or,tlr (Cu': Bep6ep6aa H' H' ""l".lt orBepraerct -//'bonpo.t ,'lireparvpu' 1990' Ne l'

''Ir6i.Il';':;;*". c. 165.

r! MAKJIAKOB Bacn.nnfi A,rexceesrq (1869-1957)' Ka.uer. r{.leu rcpltA}rqecKoro coBera ttpIr Bpeuenuorra npaPocctru so ;;;;;.t;;. B ilr,o.rre l9l7 r. Haaua'{enrrocroM <Belurouy BocOoartr"". Macou, npuHaAneiKaBusii roriy naPoaon Pocclltl>.

13 HEKPACOB Hnxolafi BnccapnoHonxu (1879-1940)' duuaucon Ka,(er. Musucrp nyrefi coo6uleHuq' MHHHcrp apdfi <Bep-

BperueHHoro np^"n"*o.""i' oa"" r'ls cer<pcf xoBHoro Coset-a HapoAoB Poccntt>' 14 HyJIAHC Xoee0. floco,r Qpanquu

s Poccltu B

1917 r. Macos, npnua4.ner*a"urufi s-<Be'rtlxony Bocroxy Opaurtuu>.

rs Tl,tMltPt3EB Baor,rnfi LlsaHosnq (t919- 1919)^' { 1905-1906' Musucrp roproBll{ H npoMbluldteHHocrli(1906-1917)'

;609);''u.*"''io.vl^p.t"dnno.o coBera

floeaceaare.rt Anr.io-pycxoir ropronofi na'larbl' r6 KOHOBAJIOB A;rexcan4p HraHonnq (187S-1948).

OAun us atrAepoB Qpaxuun npoKovnHurfi Oa6purast. 'n AyMe. ,[luHlrcrp roproBnn H IlpoMbIIrl"IeBrpu"..,t.roo uocrir Bpeueuuoio npanureJlbcrBa' 3aMecrltreJlb npeMbepunsucrrti A. @. Kepetrcxoro. Vuep B sMnrpaqnn' ' t? Vxa:ailgt Ha 6"tngocrr [gtefi 6oaHueg[ros C qe277'

rrMg, Koropue craBnr [epeA co6oft. Bcenupnoe Bparcr_ Bo <Bce np[Hr{}trrH, sce Mero,ibr, Koropbre - He xogu.

6omuresurl npuMeurroa Ars paspyuenn" Foicnn, oqex" oJrugKu K MacoHcI(HM>,- ucaJr a erofi cBa3n I lg32 r. npe,(ceAarenb Apxnepeficxoro Co6opa pyccxofi npaBo_ cnaBHofi rIepKBH aa py6exou Mnrpononr{r- Anronufi. OaHI{M CJIOBOM, __<yqeHr{Krr noApaxatoT cBoHM yqHTerrM>,_

orMesar ou._(Haxoaaencrufi-8. H. pyccxne riaconu n peBonrolsr.: Teppa, 1990. C. llll . AuanoruqHbre MbrcJrr_l pa3BiBan u ussecrHHri HccJ'reAoBarem ucropna Macoacr_ sa B. @. I{naHoe. <Mexaynapo4noe uac6ncrBo r coqfiarn3M oAuoft reursofi cuaH. Ilers r{acogcrsa H - Aerlr coquanngMa oAHa. OHll ToJrbKo BpeMiHHo pacxoAlrnlcb B MeroAax Aeficrsrfir,- orMeqar of. (Cn.: i,IsaHoB B. O. Tafiuaq AunnoMa?Hr. Xap6nu, lgg7.'C. 128). I{eHHoct paccyxAenufi E. B. AcrpoMoBa Ha ary reniy saKrroqa-

ercff B ToM, qro c nponoBeArp 6aasocru 6ortuesuglra lr

MacoHcTBa

MacoE, IIpHrreM MacoH AaJreKO He

runpoxoll pac[pocTpa]reHHE raKofo poAa o^BHCTy[aeT B3urg.rloB cBuAerenbcrBytor BocrroMugaguq B. fl. 3y6oea. cMouM coce,(oM no ialtepe,- BcnoMr{Haer oH o cBoe}r npe6unauun s rlrocroscroft Eyrupcrofi rropbMe s lg22 r.PflAOBOfi.

6u,r $panUys. On yrnepxAaJ, rrro oH ruacos. Tax xax

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{r.rujb Ha (Bepxax) y3Haror, qro oH apecmnan>. (Cu.:

3_v6og B. fI. Crpa4nue roAH Poccuu. Mnsxen, ig68.

C. 124). K coxa;renxn, B. II. 3y6os Hu+errc se coo6trtaer o Aaanxefiueri cyAb6e 3Toro <Macoua>.

18 flonHrxn E. B. Acrporr,roBa cBr3arb cBorl noxy c AeqTenbHocTbro pyccK[x Jro)K aJreKcaH.(poBcKoro t{ Aaxe eKarepr.rHr{HcKoro BpeMeHH Hecocro.srerbEH. fIoA.nuunoft npuvr.rnoft TaKoro poAa naccaxefi 6uao xeJraHue orBecrH floAo3pengr B cauoAerreJrbgoM xapaKrepe cnoeft opraHri3a[HH.-He cnyuafiuo <6partrr <cecipu> ytrpeKa-

u

ue bpA""a .rap. "rn 6. B. Acrpouo-na B roM, qro, BHftaagoBbrx

THHHcroB, oH He uMeJr npaBa orKpblBaTb aox.3ro, oAHaKo, He raK, nocKorbKy E. B. AcrpouoB coxpaHfln 3a co6ofi sce MacoHcKue crerreHn u cBs3aEHtIe c 3TnM npasa. (Ox,6Hr nocsqqen n 4-to MapraHncrcKyro crenerb.

paBnyto 30-fi ruacoscxofi, ,no AaBano eMy [paBo 11ocBrrIrIeHnr B MnaAurrie creuesx). O6croqreabcrso ero 6uao noArBep)KAeHo no rpe6oBanup E. B. Acrpouoaa f. O. Me6ecou.

re flucaHo or pyKn.

,fl,oxyuexr yaocroeepen co6cr-

BeHHopyqHbrMH noAnr{crMx E. B. Acrponosa, C. B. flo-

nnca,qoBa u M. M. Ceaactgnosa. Cnpana or uornncH nocBgrnTeJ'rbHble HMeHa tIJIeHoB feueDa,'Ibgo& JIolt(H <Acrpea>, HanHcasHbre Apeaneeapefrcxnux 6yxaaun. HaIIpOTITB AByX nOCneAHHX IIOCBfTHTe"'rbHbtrX HMeH rroArrH-

cH orcyrcrByror. B npaaoM HH)KHeM yfny nnoxo clxpaHHsuiuficq orrucK neqarn leuepa,ruuofi ,roxrr <AcrpeR>,

Ha KOTOpOM qtrTaeTct lilrrx <Agounpa,v>.

20 Texcr or pyKn, noqepxoM E. B. Acrponroga. noAnnc€H nocBtrurenbxuM r{MeHeM E. B. Acrpouona. <EQ-

pox>. OrcytqBue noArrHca HarrporuB noMeru: <cKperrrrr> tr np[nncra E. B. Acrpouosa: <Cefi yxar 6+,r,r rpoqrent 278

vKa3HBarcT Ha TO, qTo B AaHHOM Cnyqae. MH IlMeeM ,Ee,ro c xonuefi yK:Ba, HarIHcaHHoro 3aAHIlM tlgcroM. 2r Texcr or pyrll, [oqepKoM E. B- Acrpouosa' BHnay co6cmeanopyiriaa noAnutr E. B. A,crpouoea.^B npa-

sbM Hnxxeu yrny neqarb fexepa,rr,nofi ;toxt't <ActpeR>' 22 Mautnsonrcr. BnHgy co6craeuuopyqHafl no,(nltcb: <.IL-p 6. B. Acrpouos>. flpnnucra: <Moir aApec: JIeHusrpaa. An3, V- orAe,l> fi roMera: <l l.ll.26> cre'lagbl

6. B. AcrportroBblM or pyrn. Oueauano' qro nepeA HaMH oAHa u3 ronnfi groro AoKYMeHTa.

23 E. B. Acrpouon ourn6aercq. 3ro npousottt'r.o 12 aexa6pr 1925 r. (cu. ny6,'rur<yeuuft Aoxyueur Ne 7) ' 2a Taxofi Qpaan n aBrycroBcl(oM aoK"laae E' B. Acrporrrona 1925 r. Her, xorr o6ultlft cMbIcJI ero npeAaoxegllt nepeAan IiM BepHo (cu. ny6,ruxyeuui goryueur Ns 4).

noruThqEcKAc MHcnS pyccKoro 3apy5EX69-

H. N. NOJITOPAIIKHH

(3o Pocqaro u Ceo6ofly...> HA E N HO-TIOJI HT H II ECKA' NJIATOOPMA bEJroro ABHXEHT,Tt ' Or peAaKIlI{H l4 oxrn6pn 1990 r. a JlenunrpaAe Bo BpeMc ceoeft nepeoii noea.u,xn n Pocculo cKoporrocn{x(Ho cKoHqaJrcfl or cepAeqHoro npncryra Huxorafi [Ierponnu llo.ntopauxsfi -

n:secrHbrft yueHufi, rpynnuft cneqr{aJrr{cr no Hcropr{n pyc-

croft @nnoco$nn rt pennrno3uofi nnuc.lIn. OH po4nJlcr B

KoncranrnsonoJre, poc B Eoarapun, fepmannn, Qpanqux, AoKropcKyrc creneHb noryttrfl n Cop6onne. C 1955 r. H. II. llolropauxnfi xu.n u pa6ora.n e CIIIA: nperroAaBan B Boeunofi uIKoJre ; Mourepee (Karu$opnar), n Epyxnuncrom KoJrJreA)ne (Hrn-Hopx), pyxono4nn pyccrofi nporpamuoft Mnqurancxoro yH[Bepcgrera, 6u,n nouou{HlrKoM Al{peKropa

Hucrnryra coBeroBeAenHfl npr{ Muuaa6epuficxo*t KoJIneAxre (Bepnronr), a 6oree ABa,u,qarn nocJreAHr.rx ner-npo-

Qeccopou [Inmc6yprcKoro yHnBepcrrera. llepy Huxolran fierpoanua npr.rHaAnex(ar [rHoroqHcJIeHHHe crarbn, HecKoJrbKo KHur u 6potutop, oH peAaKrHpoBaJI pcA KoflneKTI{BHHx rpyAoB. B 1988-1989 rr. B aMepHKaHcKoM r3AareJrbcrBe <Spnanrax> BbIuIro B cBeT Aea odremficrux c6opnHKa crareft H. [I. llo;rropaqKono: <Pocclrg H peBonrcqun. Pyccxan penllrr{03Ho-QnuocoQcxan H Haqr{oHaJrbHo-rroJrnrnqecKaq MHcJrb XX seKa> u <HsaH A.nercaH4posnq Htrun. XHsnr, rpyAbl, MIlpoBo33peHr{e>.

Crarrc o6 uAeoaornqecxofi nrarQopme 6e,roro ABtllreHns saKoHqeHHan pa6ora H. II. llo.rropaqKo- nocreAHcc ro, oH MeqraJr o Bo3Mox{Hocrr.r ee ugp.nrus Ha Po4une. IIy6anxyeuuft Marepr{aJr (xounrrorepHafl pacfleqarKa c aBropcrofi pyxonucuoft npanxofi) 6ur nepe4aH B peAaKrIuK) <Pyccxoro nporrJroro> BarrrnHrroHqem BaaAnunpou HnroJraeB[qeM Eyrxoruu, 6.nusxram ApyroM, eAr{HoMbrtuJrenH[KoM n xolaerofr Huroras llerpoeuua lfonropaqxoro.

280

6EJIOE .U.BHXEHHE CnepxeHNe BpeueuHoro flpaBnrerbcrBa H 3axBar BJrac-

rLI 6oJrblxeBrlKaMr.r n oxrx6pelHox6pe l9l7 r. cpagy xe [opoAu,'r]r e PoccnIz rpa)KAaHcKyrc nofiny, Koropafl B eBpo-

neftcrori qacrn crpaHbr [porro,,r)Ka,'racb Ao Hor6px 1920 r., a B a3r.rarcxofi 4o oxrx6px 1922 r. flepsuu r.r Ao sa- 9Ta[a rJraBHbrM npoflBdrenneu - poccnfiBepuleHrrfl 3roro cxor? onnogar\rr.r4 6u,ro Ee;ioe ABr{)KeHHe. Oso Har{a/rocb HeMeAJIeHHo nocJre oxra6plcrofo nepeBopora, 2l15 uon6pn 1917 r. e Pocroee u HosoqepKaccKe Ha !,ony, rge 6unruuri gaqa,tt,Hrzx nra6a, a 3areM nepxonHufi rJraBHoKoMaHayrcqufi Pyccxoft apMLrH reu. MHxau,r Bacu,rlesurr AJexceeB noAHsJr sHaMfl 6opl6u sa qecrb H cno6ogy Pocclrur I{ co3AaJr raK Ha3brBaeMv}o A"rerceencxyo opraHu3aqrlrc.

I( Herr,ry npHcoeAHHr.r.rnzct 6exaerlHe Hg gaKJrlorreHHs g BHxoBe feHepa,ru I(opHraton, !,euuxuH, Mapxon, PouaHoncxufr. u Apyfue (uepes HecKo,rrbKo MecsrreB c PyuuHcxoro QpoHra np[rxeJr co cBolrM orpsAoM !,posgoncruit), a raKxe HecKoJrbKo cor oQllqepoB, corTAar, Ka3aKoB, IoHKepoB, Ka-

AeT.OB, CryAeHrOB ri rHMHa3r.rcToB, Cecrep uanocepAnx. leHepa,'rbr A.nexceee, I(opHN.non (apyroft 6t tsntuft, naqa,rrHux rura 6a H BepxoBgt,ui r,raeHoxo M aHAyrouluft Pyccxorl ap rr,tran )

r _Ka,reAus (uepnuft nu6opuoit arauas Bofr6ra !,ou6xoro)

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3. CosHs Hapo4noro Co6paHzx Ha ocHoBax gceo6qero lrs6apare,rtHoro rrpaBa. 4. llponeaeH[e AeqeHrpaJrr{3arl[r BJracrr.r rryreM ycraHoBJreHufl o6nacrsoft aBToHoMHr,r u lrrnpoKoro MecrHoro caNlOyIIpaBJreHHr.

5. fapanrus no.nnort rpalKAancKofi cso6oAbr li cso6o-

Abr BepoucIIoBeAaHLrf.

6. Hervre4.ueHuuft npacryn K sel{erlHori peeopue 4.rra ycrpaHeHur seil{e,'rrHori HyxAbr rpyAflilIerocfl HaceJreHr4fl.

7. Heue4leHHoe npoBeAeHr.re pa6overo saKoHoAareJrbctna, o6ecueqnBaroulero rpyAflrqxecq Kraccbr or gKcrrd,Ioararlllu ux rocyAapcrBoM u KanNraroM>>ra.

Xorq era AeKrapaqrlfl reH. !,eiruxuua 6u.la liaBeflHa npoeKroM Aer(Jrapaqrru, npeAJrolKeHHbrM reH. Epurrcou u r{gBecrHbrM, [o-Br4Ar.tMoMy,_TaK)Ke Spa"uygc*"M H aMepI,IK,aHcKHM [peA,craBrrrerrM r5, KoMMeHrupyq npoeKr Eprarrca, lieHuxNH rraruer, .rro <<no cyulecrBy noqrn Bce [or,rox<eHlrff rofo fipoeKra 6amu _npueMJreMbr a s rofi t;rn 4pyrofi QopN{e o6tqsnfl,nncb (6enrru) KoMaHAoBaHHeM; Ho BHeceHHe B npoeKT <<HaquouanbHoro Co6pauua> IrrJro 3HaquTe,,rbHo AaJrbrrre <<HerrpeApelxeHEg>... 14 ro o6crosreJrbcrBo, qro aos6yAu,ro rporecra B npaBoM ceKrope Oe.(o6oro) 11? T. (,oBj(etuaHHq), 03Haqa,'ro yxe 6o"'rrmorl cABur>> t6.

3ro 6ul, 4ericrna,re.tbHo, sHarrliten"grft uaf BrrepeA: . oQuqua,rlHo o6rsn,rqnocb TBepAoe HaMepeHHe 6e.noro npaBurerrbcrBa reH. .[leHUXvUa [oJrox(ureJrbHo peIIrHTb 3eIre,rlntrri u pa6ouufi Bo[pocbr, BoABopHrb B crpaHe npasosofi nopsAoK, rapaHrr{pyrouuft rpaxAaHcKue cno6oiu, B, ToM qucJre ceo6o4y coBecrl.I, coeBarr saKoHoAaTeJrbuoe Hapo4Hoe Co6panlre Ha AeMoKparlr.recxori oc"oue, np" coxpaHeHur.r reppr{ropr..raJrbHoro eAuHcrBa pocculr. s ro " )ke BpeMg AeIIeHTpa,rUgOBaTb CHcreMy BJracrlr, BBeA, O6naCrHyro aBroHoMHro n rrrj.rpoKoe MecTHOe CaMoynpaBJreHrze. flpaa4a, caM reH. fleunxun crruTaJr B[ocJreAcrBLIH, rrro ora AeKJrapaqr.rfl BpflA Jr[ HMeJra xaxoe_"nu6o r,ntfl,Hfie Ha rlsMeueHlre MexAyHapoAHoro norox{eHilq IOra pocclrll; <<B oTeqecTBeHHbrX X(e rroJtHTHqecKHX Kpyrax oHa He yAoBJreTBopHJra HHKoro)> 17. Ho secougenso, qro Hy)KAa i rar<ofi

AeKJrapaquil 6una 6o,rrutar, B oco6eHHocru yuurunan o6' Br{HeHI.rfl B peaKIIr.roHHOCTH, qaCTO BbIABHfaBIIrlIeCfl npoTHB

npaBHTerbcrBa feu. !,euurIaHa. Eqe pauee B cBoeM MHoIDToMHoM I.{ccdreAoBaHlti{ reH. .I[,eunxuu, KareropnqecKu orBepfag Bce noAo6Irue o6guneHIif, corryBcrBeHHo rrpl.{BoAl{fl MHeHHe oAHono BecbMa BI'IAHofo yqacrnuxa Oco6oro CoeeqaHua (ue Ha3blBafl ero lto HMeHH, Ho orMerlafl, I{To oH npanuii n noeHuuii). flo c,'roBaM 3Toro yqacrHnKa, HeyAaqa Se,roro ABI{)KeHHfl o6'sscHfleTCq B lepBylo oqepeAb npHr{].IHaMIr orHIoAb He cou[aJlbHoro H rroJrurl,IqecKoro xapaKTepa: <<r{ro xacaercg roro, KAKHC TCIICHI,IS NPCO6.NA4A,IIT B YTBCP)KACHHbIX IJIABHOKOrraHAyrouru (reH. .[,euuxnHuu) peurenurx Oco6oro cosegro Borlpoc cnopuufi. Bnpouetnl, 3To H He cyilIaHI.Ifl - .[,eno rllecrBeHHo. ue e npanorl unu nesoft noJII'ITI'IKe, a B

ToM, rITo MbI coBepIUeHHo He cnpaBu,'Iucb c rbuioM>> 18. fen. !,eHurlrH, co caoeft cropoHbI, cqI{TaJI BnocJIeAcrBI'IH,

qro B l9l9 r. <<CogAasa,'Icq IIoHeMHory norururlecxlrft ry-

le.

IIHK, H3 Koroporo MoTJIH BbIBecrH ro,'tbKo lo6eAu Apltllla>> Ho nusoAsulefi re ryrtuKa peurarcurefi soeHnoft no6e-

Au Ao6arrcfl He yAa,'Iocb. lloc,re nepBoHar{a'llsltx 6o,'tl-

IIIIix ycilexoB B [peAnpHHflToM reH. ,II,euuxHHbIM HacrynJleHIrI{ Ha Mocxry, npou3otil,'Io BeJiI'lKoe orcryIIJIeHHe Ha

QpoHre H pa3BaJI ru,ra Eeloii apultn. Pg,a, no,rltri;lqecKux coseqaHllf 3aBepIxLIJIcq peIxeHHeM feH. .[leHI'lxuua RBecrH BoeHHyIo AlrKrarypy. t{erupsaA[aroro AeKa6pr l9l9 r. s TaraHpore oH npeAcraefln Oco6olvly Coneqauulo HoByIo flonuru.iecxyro nnarQopny (<uaxas>), cocroslqyrc us ll nyuxToB 20, LI3 Kor.opblx fd'taBHbIMH 6u.ttn nepoue qerblpe:_ l. <<EAzsag, Be,tuxat, HeAellauas Pocczq. 3aulnra nepu. VcraHoB,'IeHHe rloprAKa. BoccraHoerenne JIpoIlSBoAHTeJTbHbIX cr4,'I crpaHbl I{ HapoAHoro xossficrsa. floAHqrae npor.{3BoArireJrbHocrLI rpyAa. 2. Eopl6a c 6orbilreBn3MoM Ao KoHI{a.

3. BoeuHaq AllKrarypa. BcqKoe AaBJIeHI{e TIoJII{rI{r{ecrnx naprlrft orMerarb, BcflKoe nporuno4eftcrBue BJIacrI{ KapaTb. u crlpaBa, I,I cdreBa - ripaBreHHq AeJIo 6yayurero. PycBonpoc o $oprrae cxr.rii uapo4 co3Aacr BepxoBHyl,o BJIacrb 6es AasreHI'Iq H 6e3 HasqgstBaHIIfl. EAusenue c HapoAoM. Cropefinee coeAuHeHue c KasaqecrBoM nyreM co3AaHI.If IOxuopirccxofi gracri{, orHIoAb He pacrpaquBat rrplr STOM npae o6uerocyAapcrilelHofi sracri'I. flpuereueuue r pyccxoii rocyAapcrBeHHocrll 3axasKa3bfl.

288

4. BHeurHqfl rlo,tl'lrl4Ka - ToJIbKo Hal1ltollaJIbHag pyc'

cKaff.

I{ensapat Ha Bo3HI'IKaIoxr}Ie HHorAa ro,re6ausg B pyc-

I'lArI{ c HI',IMH. I',I6o 4pyraa cKoM Bonpoce y colo3Hi.lKoB H peaJlbHo Heocyrou6znaurfl Mopa,'IbH'o HeAonycruMa ilICCTBHMA.

C.aaBcucxoe eAHHeli14e.

21.

HH rIsAH pyccxofi 3eM,'lH>> 3a rovtourl

reH. .[leuuxl{Ha ocraBaJlocb K sToMy V npaenreJlbcrBa

BpeMeHI.I Bceno HecKod'IbKo MectlueB x{H3HI',I' V 7Ta HOBafl [oJrlrTi{qecKax n,rar@opMa nopOAHJIa cKopee orpliuareJlbHyro, a He fioJlo)Kl{re.nrnyrc peal{uulo. Boo6ue xe, o6 IlAet?Ho-rroJrI4THqecroti nlarSoprvre Ee.loro ABI{x(eHI'Ifl B efo Aeurlxrlucxnft [epnoA npaBI{JIbHee cyAHTb no 6o,ree paHHI'{M $op*ry.nupoeKatu srofr n"larSopltlt,- KofAa ltpaBI'IreJIbcrBo

Aesnrtua ,u,eficrgosaro eule s 6oree <<HopMaJIbHbIX ycJloBI,IflX)>.

Bnoc,re4crnI{I,I B cBoI'Ix <<Ouepxax Pyccxofi Cuyru>> ren. .Ll,eHuxlrH He pas Bo3BpaulaJlcq K MHofllM I'I3 Tex ynpeKoB, Koropbre pa3AaBa[Ivrcb B roAbl rpa)KAaHcKoft sofiHH H rrocJre Hee no aApecy ero BHe[IHeil n nuyrpelrHefi no.itl'tTAKN.

t{ro xacaercg BHeIrHefi no,lfiraril, T.€. ilpe)KAe Bcero orsoureunii c 3arraAHbIr\.{H cologHLIraur Be.tofi aplr,tllll, ro .[,euurnn o6rgcnz.n cBoe rIoBeAeHLIe B Te roAbl cJIeAyuqI{M o6pasou: <<C neprntx xe Anetl pyccKafl iIoJILITI{Ka Aep)KaB Cor,racl-rq lrpHHrd'ra xapaKTep AsorlcrseHHrtfi, HeonpeAenessufi n no6yx4aJla MeHfl x oco6rnsoii ocropoxHocrll.

Bo scsxoM cJryqae HHKofAa 3a Bce BpeMn Moero npaBJIeHI'In r.i KoMaHAoBaHHff Ha IOre Poccttt, fl He AaBaJI AepxaBaM Couacug HLI [rlcbMeHHo, HI{ ycrno HI,IKaKI,IX noJIIlTI'IqecKr,rx, Teppliropr{a"rrbHbrx r4 3KoHoMLIqecKLIX o6qsare,'Ilcrs 3a cqer Poccqlr. Bo scex cHo[IeHHsx c Hx npeAcraBureJlflMr{ fl rrpoBoAH,'I Tor B3f.r'IqA, qTO nOMOUIb HaM flBJIfleTcfl IiX uopa,rlHofi o6gsaHHocrblo I,I BbITeKaer I43 l,rx xe co6creenHbIX HHTepecoB>> 22.

Ha ynpexn B orcyrcrBuu ru6xocrn x IIOpbIBaIoqefi c

nporrr!'rbrM lrHprlrllarr.rBHocrt{ TaKxe H B o6;racru BHylpgH-

ueft nonnrnxu !,eunxuH orBeqaJl, qro <<yKJIoHeHHe or paAI,Ixa,rlnoii JToMKLI rocyAapcrBeHHofo H colluaJlbuoro crpog, c npeAocraBJreHlreM erofi pa6orrr 6ylytuurrl npaBoMoqHbIM opraHaM Hapo4Hoft BoJIIz)> 23 He 6u;to roJIbKo ero ,rIaqnofi nosnquefi, xar 6lr HaessaHHofi LIM BceMy 6erouy ABI{xeHHro B nepuoA ero B,'racru. <<I4cropuK orMerllr,- flillrrer .[,eHnxnH,- qro 3Ta rrAen flBJIflJIacb rocrloAcreyrcqeft e reqeHxe 1917-1920 foAoB cpeAu poccuficxux fior'u.trnqecKux

rpy[nupoBoK, cocTaBr'rsg HaH6OJree cJIa6oe H yfl3B]rMoe MecTo Bcex [paBi,rTed'ibcTB r.r [paBr.rTeJreii, cTaBq Hx B He_ u3MepHMo 6onee TpyAHoe no,'rolxeHl{e, qeM To, B KoropoM oblJra coBercKafl BJ'racrl, o6ltnllnmag, ce6r. xossuuol{ Dvc_ croft xusHrr r{ JroMaroil{aq ee 6ecnouraAso H 6esor,,rs;{Ho. C pas.;r.iuHbrMlr orreHKar\{ri, rio oAHHaKoBo rro cyurecrBv sra HAerr HarrrJra orpaxeHr-re B aKrax BpeveHuoro npanul Te,'rr,crBa 24, e <<KopH.Hnoecxofi npofpaMMe>), B nporpaNl_ l{,?x <uenrpoB>, B <<l paMore Ko BceM HapoAau poccllu>> VQz ycxor'r AH peKroptr H, B AeKJrap aqunx a4rur.rp a,ra I(o,ruaxa. O6ocHoBaHHe eroii r-rAea 6nno lo rpafinoirn rpocrbrM I.I flcHbrM r.I KagaJrocb HeolpoBepxi.tMbrM>> 25.

B csere nocJreAyr,ouux co6ururi reH. .[,euurr{H AoJrxeH 6u,1, no cyulecrBy, trpasHarb, rrro crpoarb Bc]o csorc r.rAeft[porpaMMy sa oAuoft .nurul rz4ee 6opt_ 6u c saquoHa.rrbHbrMr.r 6eAcrsr.{srln u coxpaHeHr4fl eAHHcrBa Ho-no,'rnrr.rqecKyro

PoccNu (uro- eHpasHJocb B 3liaMeHr.rront nosyHre <<Be.nNKax, -<<Mu EAuHas u He4enuuax>>) 6u,ro orun6xofi.

He yrurr.r oJIeMeHra BpeMeHu rr crerreHrr Hafiopa Hapo4nofi crHXHI,r. flpasnrelu crpeMu/'ulcb K <<HeyMoJrr{nroii npose>>, HapoA xoTe,r eue <<IIo33Hr.r>> AeMarorflqecKr.rx Jro3yHron. flpaeate,rn xeJllaJrlr rrpHocTaHoBHTb BpeMeHHOe TerreHr.re >KHSHLI B CO_ gAaBuuxcq 6eperax, rroKyAa HeKaq Bbrcrrrar BJracrb He pacqucrzr HoBoe pycJro, a xusub 6ypHo pBaJracb us 6eperoB,_pa3pyuafl rrr'rorrlHbr r.r cMeraq rpe6qon r KopMurax>> 26. leH. !,enuxr.{H [pr.r3Har BrrocJieAcrBLrLr Lt ro, r{To rrJrarQoprrra_HenpeApeueur.rfl B rofi xpafiuefi Qopue, n xoropoii oH ee SopuynupoBa/'r eu1e B craBpolontcxofi peuu lglS r.

I,I garet\{ HeyK.rIoHHo orcranBaJl, He [oJlb3oBaJiacb nceoSutefi noAAeplKKoii yuacrHaxos Beroro ABH)KeHr.rr. flocrasltg orKpbrro Bo[poc, <<orpax(aJra Jrr.r oHa (nporpaurr,ra fleui.rxrrHa a re rroJroxeu[{q, Koropbre r.r3 Hee BbrreKa,ru) 4eftctoure.rib_ Ho HAeo/'Ioruru go6pono,'rr,.IecrBa?>>, feH. fleultxuu ryr )I{e orBerH,r: <<[a.,nero He Bcero>>, I{ IIoflcHLIJI: <<Bo acnxou c,,iyqae, fl y6ex4eHuo a r{cKpeHHo Bblpa3r.L'r e Hefi csou ssr,'rflAbl,_crapaflcb BHyrrrHrt nx 6oprcuIHMcf r npaBtulrzl,r>> 27. leu. !,eHrlxus 6u.l Bac,'ryxeHubrM r.r onbrrHura 6oeen\,r reHepaJIoM, rlr.IaMeHHbIM narpI,IoroM, rIe,iIoBeKoM 6olrruoti luquoii qecrHocrn, c cu.rrbHbrM rIyBcrB,oM AoJrra H orBer_ crBeHHocrr.{. Er"ry HeAocraBaJro, oAHaKo, rroJrHTrirIecKHx rr AI'IIJIOMaTr,rqecKnx KaqecTB, Heo6xogllur,lx .{JIg BO3fr'r3B,r€_ HIig BoeHHOrO, IIO"4tITHr{eCKOIO H HAeOJrOfHqecKoro .rIBI{)Ke_ HLlfl B yc/'roBHqx uenu4auuoii IIo pa3Maxy peBoJIIOqU[ U rpaxAaHcKoii softHH a oqeHb c.rro)KHbrx Melr{AyHapoAHbrx I{ BHyrp r.rpoccr{ iicKr.{x orsoruesuii.

290

fEH. N. H. BPAHTEJIb

C npuxo4oM K B,'racrII B Haqa,re anpeJll -1920-r..reu-

6apoHa- flerpa Hrro.naeeilua Bpanre;ra (1878-1928) so r.trase Ee.noro ABII>KeHHfl BcraJI rIeJIoBeK, o6JlaAagru[fi uueuHO TeMH BOeHHbIMIi Ir rocyAapcTBeHHO-nOJII'ITI',IqeCKIIMI',I

csoficrsa\,r[, Koropble rpe6ona,rucs seo6uqullMH ycJloBulMr.r roro Bper\,reHu. B xparuafiuufi cpoK feH. Bpaurell rrpeBparr.r,'r pa3,'Io>KllBtuylocx 6suo apMI'Irc n 6oenyrc cn,ry, HaBeJI rIopflAOK B TbL'Iy, Haila]]..L'lJl orHoIileHHfl c Ka3aKaMI',I, ycraHoBr{Jr rpaxAaHcKoe ynpaBJIeHl.Ie Ha Teppl'Iropun, HaxoAsurelicq noA ero BJIacrbIo, npoBeJI naxHefiuyto 3eMeJIbHyrc pe$opMy, BBe,r BoJlocrHoe geMcrBo Ir ocyulecrBvrJr Lrltw HaMerr4Jr K ocyulecrBJreHHlo pqA ApyrHx AaBHo Ha3peBIIrlIX pefioprrr.

feu. BpaHre.rl ny6niauuo Qoptty.nupoBar cBofi [oJltIrLIqecKr{e E r.rAeov'rofxrIecKI.Ie IIpHHItr-Inbr HeoAHoKparso. Haa6o"ree c)Karo oH cAe,'ra"'r ero a oQnqr4a,'IbHoM <<BoggsaHLIIa>> K HaceJrennro, AarupoBaHHorlr 20 uas 1920 r.: <<C.nyuraftre, pyccKlie irroArr, sa qro uu 6opeuca:

3a nopyraHHyro Bepy n ocxop6,rexHbre ee cBqrbrr-rr.

3a ocso6oxAeHue pyccKoro HapoAa or r4ra KoMMyHrrcroB, 6po4ar Lr KaropxHHKoB, BKoHeq pa3oprrBlrux Cnrryro Pyct.

3a npexpaqenne Me)KAyuapognoii 6paHn. 3a ro, qro6u KpecrbrHr.rH, npHo6peras s co6crser.ruocrb o6pa6arunaeMyro HM geMrlo, 3ansrcq 6u uuputru rpyAOM.

3a ro, ,{ro6ur I4crHHHafl cso6oAa H lpaBo qapr.rJrr4 Ha Pycu.

3a ro, qro6u pyccrufi HapoA calr nu6pa.n 6u ce6e Xo3flT]HA.

llouorure MHe, pyccKue JroAH, crracrlr Po4uuy.>> 28 O4Hoope*reHHo c grslr <<Bo3gBaHr.reM> BpaHre.nr, e xar{ecrBe flpasurenn a f,rasHoxoMaHAyloqero BoopyxenHuMw Ctnauu Ha IOre Poccnu, IroAnr.rcaJr npuKa3, B Koro-

poM, H3Beurag HaceJIeHHe, qro <<PyccnaR apMlrq HAer ocBo6oxgarl or xpacuor"r Herrncru poAHyro 3eMirro>>, coo6ura.n raKxe, qTo oH rroATrHcaJr 3aKoH o BBeAeFTHH CaMOyrpaBJre-

Hafl B ceJrbcKux pafionax r.r BoccraHoBJleHr.ru lrpaBoBbrx yqpexAeHuli s ocso6ox{AaeMr,rx apnruer? o6lacrsx. Ou yxa3aJI, qTO KpOMe TOrO, SeMJIg TaK l{ rlacT- KaK Ka3eHHag, HoBraAerbqecKafl 6yaer nepeAaBarbcg BoJlocrHhrrr.{rd 3eM- ueii rpyAnrcff. Ou npusuraJr K 3auraTe crBaMII reM, Kro Ha 291

poAHHbr H K MupHoMy rpyAy ,u o6eula.n npoqeHue BceM sa6.nyAul.rrr,r, Koropbre K HeMy npucoe4nHaica. flpocn y DOra ncMoultr, oH 3aflBJlflJr:

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B€MJrfl H BoJrfl B ycrpoeHua focyAapcrBa. lHapoay 3eM,rq BoJrero HapoAa nocraBJreHHHfi xosflHu>> 2e.

3ro qerxoe HoBoe HarrpaB"leHue Bo BHyrpeuHeft no.nuruxe 6e.noro lpaBureJrrcrsa 6Hro noAAep)Kano coorBer_ cTBytoI{HMLI BHeIrrHenoJt&TL.rqecKHMr.r HaqHHaHHflMn H npeAcraB,'reHHflMH. Taw, 7120 uroHs n. D. Crpyne, xoropufi -Ha-

Bo3ruraBJrfl,'r y ,BpaHre.nn Or4el BHe[rHHx cuoueHlrft.

r_tpa_B-HJr npeAceAarerTro Conera MHHr{crpoB @panquu A. Mu,rtepaHy nl.rcbMo, B KoropoM H3JroxrrJr rpn rJIaBHbrx rrpHHrIr{[a nHyrpeuuer? t,t sne[rHefi [oJrHTr{Kr.t ren. BpaH_

TCJI': <<1. 3axsar KpecrbrrHaMu noMecrublx BeMeJIb, Bo Bcex c,'ryqaflx, KorAa oH, QaxruvecKu HMeJI Mecro, Aolxen 6url

ttpHsHaH. Blrneyrcasauuoe cocraBrqer ornpauHofi nyHKr IJrfl rxupoKori -arpapnoft pe$opuu, AoJr)KeHcrnyrcu1eft o6ec_ rrer{Hrb KpecrbflHaM, o6pa6aruBaroIr1rrM aeMJrro, Bd,raAeHr.re

elo Ha [paBax no.nsofi co6crseHHocr[. Taxuu o6pasou, arpapHafl peBoJ{roqr.rf, rrpouc[reArrrafl B noJrb3y KpecTbflH,

6yaer Jrefa.rr'H€oBaHa r{ rroBeAer K ycranoBJrenuro arpapHoro crpog, ocH,oBanHofo Ha [pr.IHrIHne qacrHoft co6crseHnocrr.r, HecoMHeHHO OTBer{arcIIIefo qaflHI{sM KDecTbtH.

2. Dyayuraff opraHu3aI{fis Poccufl AoJrxHa 6um ocno-

BaHa Ha AOrOBOpe, 3aKJrrOr{eHHOM Me)KAy nornrr.rqecKHMl.r uonoo6pasoBaHHflM,H, Qarruuecxu cyrqecrByrourlrvll. BoccoeAnHeHlre pagr[qHbtx .qacreft Poccllr.r, B Hacrofluree BDe-

Mfl pa3beAi{ueHnoft, B rxr4poKyto $e4epar1ar,o, 4o.uxuo 6sirs ocHoBaHo Ha cso6oAHo. 3aKJIror{eHHoM AoroBope, ficxoAqrqeM r.tg 'o6uHocrr.r r.rHTepecoB, rr, B [epByIo toJroBy, aKoHoMI.rqecxux norpe6uoctefi. Taxaq noJrHTr{Ka HLr B KoeM cJrvqae He crapaercq Ao6t,trtcl o6te4uueuun cunofi.

3. KaKostl. 5u srr 6H,ra s 6yayureu BsauMoornorrreuur pa3iruqHbrx .racrerl Poccnll, B Hacrogu{ee BpeMg pasAe,leu-

uofi, nonnruqecKas opraHr..I3ar{}rfl lrx repprlropufi Lr KoHcrpyKrlrlff ux Qe4eparuBHono coro3a AoJrxHa 6urt ocHosa_ Ha Ha ceo6oAnotr . BoJrer{3bflBJreHur{ HacereH[r, qepea nocpeAcrBo r,rpeAcraBureJrbHbrx co6paHufi, us6upaeuux ua AeMoKparnqecKl,rx ocuoBax>> 30.

OcraHosl4Brlrncr no4po6Ho Ha Bofipoce o

roM, KaK

ilMeHHo Morr'ra 6u 6url npeKpauleHa rpaxAaHcxas softHa n Poccltu, Crpyne B 3aKd'rrorrnTe.tlHoft qacrn cBoefo [trcbMa yKa3aJr Ha To,.Uro BpaHreJrb r.I ero npaBr.{TeJrbcTBo BnoJrHe

rroHnMaror Hacrpoeuue, KpecrbrHcroro 6o.rrluuucrBa pyc_ qKoro Hacefle[LItl, KOTOpOe He XeJIaeT HI'I BOCCTaHOBJTeHIfl 292

cTaporo noptAKa, HI.I yCTaHOBJIeHIrfl KOMMyHIicTI'IqecKofi TripaHnrr. <<!,arr yAoB,'IerBopeHHe rlorpe6HocrqM KpecrbflHcKolo HaceJIeHLIfl, O3AOpOBIiTb MOpaJIbHyIo >KI'I3Hb cTpaHbI, BoccraHoBHrb SKoHoMI'IqecKyIo x<H3Hb, o6leAuHltm gce Bor qer'll{, I{oropble ce6e nocraslir 3reMeHrbl [opqAKa - BoopyxeHuulvtl'i cllr'IaM}l Ha Iore l"raeHoxol'{au4yroutuft PoccNlr rt AocrH)KeHHe Koropblx, ilo efo MHeHIIIo' BbIBeAer Poccuto Ir3 cocroqHl'ttt aHapxllil, B Koropoe ee BBeprHyJI xoMMyHHcrltqecxuri pe)KI4l{, cAe,ranursft I{3 Hee orlbITHoe

nOJIe AJIfl qyAOBI4UlHHbIx COqa,'lbHbIX SKCIIepHM€HTOB' HecrbtxaHHbrx AoceJle e uctopt'tl,I>> 3r.

t{epes Mecflu n,ocJle srofo llHcbrraa Crpyne, reu. BpaureJrb npHKa3oM or 26 utotts, 1920 r. [orpe6oBaJl or Bcex npaBHTerbcrBeHHbIX yqpe)KAeHuft <<BoABopIITb 3aKoHHocrb' oxpaHlirb cno6o4y s 6esonacHocrs MLIpHbIX rpa)KAaH Ir !,aTb HaceJIeHI.Irc gene.lr,Hltft nopflAoK I'I CaMoynpaBIeHne>> 32. Cutlrat, rITo rtpaBI'ITeJIbcrBeHHafl n0JII'ITI4Ka, ocHoBAHHAS HA TAKI,IX HAI]AJIAX, HC HY}KAACTC'I B CYTY6O NPO[araHAr.IcrcKI.IX aKuuqx, u6o o BJIacrH AoJIxHbI cyAl{rb npexAe Bcefo ro ee Aeftcrsusra, reH. BpaureJlb peulIJI yflpa3AHIrTb BCe C[elII4a,'lbHble BOeHHble I'{ fpa)KAaHCKlle opraHu3arlr{rr flo,'rrrrHqecKoro ocBeAoM/IeHI4fl H npo[araHnpexAe Bcero ALIcKpeAI4rI.IpoBaeu[ft ce6q Ocoar, a nbr

-

AeJra o neqarH cocpeAoror{l.ITb B BeAeHHH Har{a,tbHl4Ka rpa}K-

jr,aHcKoro ynpaBJIeHHfl. 3a xoporxuti cpox npeueuu 6u,r npoBeAen vr pflE ApyrHX Mep, [pecJleAy]ourl4x ry xe o6utyto BBeAeHI4rr ceo6oAH H nopqAKa, ocHoBaHHbIx Ha 3areJlb XOHC.

-

Bonpo'c o cocroqHlln reqarl{ Ha rroABJlacrHoii euy reppr.rropur.r AaBHo y>Ke cepbesHo 6ecnoxoa.n Bpaure.ns. On 6H,[ H]rsxoro MHeHHfl o6 oqesl MHorrtx cJlyx{aulux Ocsara

(<<Hn onura, HH orrpeAeJreHHbIX rBepAblx y6ex4eHuft B 6o,rluagcrBe cryrlaeB y orl.{x JILIq He 6tt"lto>> 33). floc.ne ynpa3AHeHi{rr flo,'rHTHqecxoii qacru rura6a H [epeAarlH or,I,€ 'I2 TI€TIaTH B BCACHHC HATIA.{bHI,IKA IPAX(AAHCKOTO YNPABJIeHI{ff, pa'6oruuxl.t grofo orAe,ra BJIHJIHcb B cyulecrByloulue opraHbr nerrarr.r. B pa4ax )KypHar'rucroB lt Ha fiocrax qen3opoB oKa3aJrocb, TaKI,rM o6pasou, MHoro [pexHl4x cJIy)Karqux Ocsara. fle'rarl B rred'roM [peAcraBr'Iq,racs BpaHrerrc <<THTII,IIIHO ME,'IKO TIPOBI{HIIHAJINUOft>>

34. VIZ ETOft CCPOfi IT,IAC-

cbr oH BblAe,rflJrcfi To,rbKo oAHy coJInAHyIo ragery

<<Benu-

Kyro Poccuro>>, Koropafl Il3AaBaJracb rlo,4 pe4aruueii

B. M. Jlenilrcxoro, npr yqacrutt H. H. Jlseosa, H. H. tle6Hlreea u B. B. LUylrrnua. flsroro Hrc.rq 1920 r. e <<Be,ruroIi Poccuu>> 6srna HaneqaraHa 6eceAa reu. Bpaurer'It c npeAcraB[Tenel,r sroii ra-

3erbr H. H. tle6unieBbrrvr. flo crosarvr caMofo BpaHrela, 6eceAa Hr\{eJra <<4ex,raparlraHufi xapaKTep>> 35, a norouy gacJryx{r4Baer roro, qro6u ua sefi ocraHoBnTbcs 6olee noApo6Ho.

BeceAa 6Hra nocesrreHa qerblDeM BaxHbrM BonDocaM roro BpeMeHu: o6utefi n,rarQoprrae-Ee,roro 4u"xeuur, eo-

npocy c Qopue aepxonHoii Br'racrr{, enpeftcrouy Borrpocy H Borrpocy B3ar.rMooruouresuir Poccr.rN n Eepouu.

Ha nonpoc o roM, 3a lrro 6oprorcn 6e,lHe, BpaHne;lr orBerrJr: <<irau 6opeivrcr 3a cno6ogy... llo ry cropoHy Hauero Qponra, Ha ceBepe, [apr.rr npol.t3Bo,'r, yrHereuae, pa6crso. MoxHo Aep)Karbcfl caMbrx pasuoo6pasHbrx B3rJrrAoB Ha xeJraTe,'rbHocTb Toro vJrlt HHoro rocyAapcTBeHHoro crpos, Mo)KHo 6rirl xpaftHnu pecny6;rr.rKaHrleM, corluaJrncTOM, AaXe MapKClrCrOM, r.r BCe-TaKH npHSHaBaTb TaK Ha3brBaeMyro coBercKyro pecny6nuxy o6pasuou caMoro He6uBa,'Iofo, SJroBeulefo AecnoTH3Ma, rroA tHeToM KoTopofo IIo-

ru6aer n Poccrls r.r Aax{e ee HoBbrr?, sxo6u roc[oAcrByrotqnft, x.nacc [po,'rerapl{ara, fipliAaBleuguft K 3eMJIe, KaK LI Bce ocraJrbHoe HaceJreuue. (...) fHesAo peaKrrr.ru B MocKBe. Tau cuAnr nopa6ornreJrn, rpaKryroillfie HapoA KaK craAo. To;rrro cJrenora n ue4o6pocoBecrHocrb Moryr cqnrarb Hac peaK4.roHepaun. Mu 6opeucx sa pacKpefloqeHue HapoAa oT r.rra, KaKoIo oH He BHAeJT B caMble MpaqHbre BpeMeHa ceoeft ucroplrlt>> 36.

Bpaurerr nepeueJr 3areM K Bonpocy o MoHapxnu, pecny6nuxe n Ar{Krarype. Kar yxe ynoMllHaJrocb, s <<Bo33BaHr.rr4> reH. Bpaurerrr or 20 uas 1920 r., B KoropoM oH B rrpeAeJrblio cxaroii r.I 3HeprIIqHofi Qoprr,re H3drrox{HJr cBoK) nAefiuo-no,rHTHrIecKyro n.narQopuy, B rrHcJre Tex ltpHHIlIrnoB, 3a Koropbre 6oprcrcx 6erHe, 3HarlnJrocb: <<vro6u pyccxnfi Hapo4 cau ou6pan 6rt ce6e X o s q H H a>> 37. To o6croflTerrbcrBo, qro cd'roBo <<Xogsr.tH>> 5u.no ganeqaraHo Bpa3prAKy, AaJro noBoA JreBbrM KpyfaM o6euHsrs BpaHrena B TOM, r{TO nOA XO3qHHOM OH pa3yMeJr rlaps, a [paBbrM KpyraM oH HMeJI B Br{Ay caMoro ce6q, e KaqecrBe - trro BepxoBHoro npaBI{TeJrr vnu Arr.KTaropa. O6a roJrKoBaHI{g 6u,ru npo4nKroBaFrbr, KoHeqHo, cyry6o ro,'rurr.rqecKoft npeAy6e)KAeuHocrbro. Kax ero BHAHo r{3 rrpuBeAeHHoro Bbrrrre noJrHoro reKcra <<Bo3gsaHrzg> H r{3 corryrcrByloqero eMy npLIKaSa, perlb ilura o xo3gHHe, KoTopofo nocTaBI{T y B,'Iacrr.r pyccKr.rft napo,4 B pesyJrmare cso6oAHofo BbrpaxeHr-rfl HapoAHoft sorr.{.- Taruu o6pasovr, caM HapoA npu3HaBaJrcs xosflIiHoM csoeft cy4r6u. Tax uuesHo Bpaurenl n ero caM pyccKnft napo,q. cKa3aJr t{e6urueny: <<XogqHH> - ycrponrbcfl crpana. Ec;m Kax os 3axorrer, TaK H AoJrxHa 294

oH noxe,'raer HMerb MoHapxa, Poccus 6yger uonapxneft.

Ecrn os npu3Haer noresH,ott Anq ce6s pecny6.nuxy - 6y4er pecny6rHxa. Ho Aaftre HapoAy Bo3Mox(Hocrb BblpagrlTb cBoH )Ke,'raHnfl 6es upeseuqaeK n 6es HageAeHHbIX Ha Hero ny,'reMeroB. Eornuesuxt{ pa3orHaJII{ yrlpeAHTeJIbHoe co6pauue, pacca1vJtlr rlo rlopbMau, y6n,rlr HeKoropblx ero qJIeHoB. Eo,rrrues[r[ 6oqrcs BcsKoro [paBHJ'IbHoro gaKoHHO|O [peACTaBi{TedrrbcTBa, B KOTOpOM MoxeT BbIJII{Tbcg BoJrg HapoAa. A uu crpeMuMcs ycraHoBi.irb mllnzua,rrnltii nopFAoK, Irpr.r KoropoM HapoA 6H mor, ec,'tn [o]Ke,'Iaer, cso6,oAno co6parrcx t{ cso6oAHo Bblpa3LIrb cBolo BoJIIo. Mou .nuq.Hue BKycbr He llMenr HI.iKaKoro 3HaqeHr.il. C uttHyrbr flnpnHfl.Trls. Ha ce6q sracr]r fl orpelxnJrcfl. B csoefi oQuquanrHoli Aesre"nruocrr.r or rI.{r{HbIX ere.tei{uif K ToMy I.{JrI.r ApyroMy fiopfiAKy. f 6ecnpexocJroBHo noAqllHflIocb roJlocy pycKori geri,r"ru>>. llepexo4a x eapeftcroMy Borrpocy, reH. BpaHfer'rb rlptl-

3HaJI, qro B HapOAHbIX MaCCaX B [OCJreAHee rpeUn <<4eftcrBHTeJIbHo 3ar{erraercrr o,6ocrpeHae HeHaBHcr}I K eBperrM>>, Ho cBffgbrBaJr lTu Hosefiuue [poqB,'ieHHrr auruenpeftcxlx uacrpoennr? c cyulecrBoBaHueM Tofo, rrro oH Ha3BaJr rHol'rHHKoM 6o,rlueeugl,ra. <<Hapo4 He pas6upaercfl, Kro BLrHotsar. OH eIaAllr eBpeeB-KoMaccapots, eBpeeB-KoMMyHr.rcroB

II He OCTaHaBT'lI.IBaeTCfl Ha TOM, r{TO 3TO qacTb eBpefiCXOi:O HaceJreHufl, Moxer 6trrt, oropBaBrrraqcfl or .apyroit qacril

enpeficrea, He pa3AeJlsrorrefo KoMl{yHlrcrurrecKux y.leuvfi li orBepraloqefo coBercKyro B.nacrb>>. 14 p,anee: <<Ha6.nrc4aeMoe B nocdrreAHee BpeMfl o6ocrpeHue BpaxAbr HapoAa r{ enpeftcrny, 6lrra uoxer, oAHH lr3 rroKa3are,reft roro, uacKoJrbKo HapoA Aa,TeK oT KoMMyHH3Ma, C KOTOpbIM OH CK,'rO-

geg onn,6orrHo orolKAecrB,'rrrb nce enpeftcreo. C o)Kr4B,'reHI,teM Aesre!'IbHocrr.I 6o.rltruegnqxot? BracrI,t s HssecrHori MecrHocTH TaM pacryr rI IiporaBoeepeficrue rer{eHr.rfl>>. BpaureJlb TyT xe ocyAH,'r BcflKyro aHTHCeMr.IcTcKylo ar[Tar{r]}o coorBercrByloq[e efi 4er?craHfl r.r noArBepAlra cBoro peuuMOCTb SHepfH-.rHO C HHMrli 6OpOrlCt: <<Bcsroe norpoMHce r.1

ABLI)KeHHe, BCSKyIO arl{Tarl}Irc B 3TOM HanpaBr'reHr.rv fl C!{yLTaIo focyAapcrBeHHr,rM 6eA,crsuevr w 6yly c Hr{M 6oportca BceMLI rlMeloilIaMI{cg y MeHq cpeAcrBaMH>> 3e. Boo6ule xe, cKa3a,r BpaHre,rl, espeficrnii Borrpoc Mox(er 6url paspeIIIeH Jrrirrlb B yc,'roBltflx rrpaBoBofo rocyAapcTBa, BeAoMofo ,cn,rlHori lleHrpaJrbnofi enacrllo. <<Enpeficruri Bonpoc, Bonpoc rblcflqe,tetufi, 6o.lllroft, rpyAuur:r, oH Mo)Ker 6lrrl pasperrreH BpeMeHeM r.r MepaMr4 o6urecrnesuoro ogAopoBJierir.tfl, Ho I,IcKJIIoqHTe,'rbHo npu'Ha,.'iuquu xpenxofi, ontrpaioulei;icR Ha gar{oH n pealbH}ro clr,Iy, rocyAapcrneuHoit sracru. B 295

cTpaHe, rAe aHapxHg Il npoH3Bo,'t, rAe HeIpIIKOCHOBeHHOCTT, JIIZqHOCTH I{ CO6CTBCHHOCTH CTABI'TC' HI{ BO IITO, OTKPbIT npocrop l\Jrfl. HacrJtbcrBeHHbix Bbrcryrr,/reHr.rir oAHoft qacru HaceJreHr.rfl npornB Apyror?> 40.

Eute e HarraJ're csoefi 6eceAu c H. H. ge6uruentru

Bpan-

ferb KocHyJrcfl. rr Bonpoca o B3alrMoorHorlreunrx pocclru u Eeponu. OH orueru;1, arro <<B Enpone AoJrnoe BpeMfl He

noHI,IMaJIH, HO TeIIepb, no-BI{AI.IMOMy, y)Ke HaqHHaIOT IrO_ HHMaTb TO, qTO MbI SCHO CO3HaeM: BCe MI.IpOBOe 3HaqeHLIe Harueft 4ouaruueii pacnpu. Ec,'rN narun >KeprBbr nponaAyT AapoM, ro enponericKoMy o6u,ecroy, enponeficxoil 4enaoxpaTl4r4 IIpLIAeTCq CaMHM BCTaTb Ha BOOpy)KeHHyro 3arqr.rTy

cB'oHX KyJrbrypHbrx H rro,'inruqecKax gasoesaHrati rrpornB OKpbIdIeHHOIO yC[eXO M Bp a la IIHBIL]IIz3aUIII{>> 4 I.

llepexo4n B 3aK,'rroqHre.llHori rracrr{ csoeft 6eceAbr K Bonpocy Poccsn n Enponu y)Ke ctter{r4aJrbHo, Bpaure,rl cKaga,'r, rrro rroKa s Poccr.rH cyulecrByer 6o.tlrueal.rsu, Eeporla HLIKotAa He 6yAer 3Harb rropMarbHoro [o.rrr.{Tr.rqecKoro rI 3KoHoMr.{qecKoro cyqecrBoBaHr.rs. <<rloxa s poccn[ He ycraHoBHrcq Hacrosrrafl focyAapcrBeHHa_rr BJracrb,rrc6ofo HacrpoeHr,rfl, Ho TaKar, Koropag 6yler ocnoBarra Ha

ocBgIr{eHHbrx BeKoBbIM14 vcKaHAF,MH qeJIoBeqecxofi Mbtcr'rH HarlaJIax BaKoHHocrr.r, o6ecreqeHl{ocrpt J'rIlrIHblx I{ LrMyule-

cTBeHHbIX rlpaB, Ha Har{a,'tax yBa)KeH}.tfl K MexAyHapoAHbrM o6flgaTe,'rbcrBaM, B Enpone HL{KorAa He Hacryrlr4T HI,I MHpa,

HH lrryqusHrlfl aKoHoMHrrecKHx yc.toanfi. HesoslroxHo 6yAeT 3aKJ'IIOTIIITb HH OAHO|O NIOJIO-M?a'IbCKII npOqHOfO MeX{AyHapoAHoro corr'IauleHr4f,, Hkl o r{eM KaK Cr'reA,yeT AOroBoprttbcn>> 42.

llocxo,rrKy B pa3!'rHqHbIX eBporrer?cxzx ueHTpax, B oco6eusocrn s tIoHAoHe, urr'rx uacror?qIlsbre pa3foBopbr o Heo6xo4auo,cr[ [peKparnTb noMorrlb 6e,ruu t.r no,'ro]Ktrrb KoHerI rpa)KAascxoft soiiHe n Poccan, Bpanrent eu1e pa3 pa36flcHqr cBoro nogHru,rro B 3ToM Bonpoce. <<f ,- cxasan BpaHre,rt Lle6urueay,- sceii aylror? xa)KAy [peKpa[IeHnq rpaxAaHcKoft sorlult. KaxAaq KarrJrfl. npo.tHrorl pyccroii KpoBH or3brBaercff 6olllo B MoeM cepAqe. Ho 6opl6a HeN36ex<Ha, noKa co3HaHI4e He [poflcHl4d'Iocb, rloKa JIIoAI] He nofiuyr, qro oHH 6oprorca nporaB ce6a, lporaB cBoux [paB Ha caMoonpeAeJreHi.re, r{To oHH coBepuaror uaA co6oft 6ec_ cMbrc/'reHHblft axr noJrr4TaqecKoro carrloy6flrlcrsa. (...) VcTopHq xor4a-uN6yAb orreHHT caMoorpeqeHrre u rpy,sbr fopcru pyccKr.rx .irrc4efi n Kpuuy, Koropbre B rro,lrHoM oAHHorrecrBe Ha [oc,'reAHeM KJror{Ke pyccxoii geM,'rra 6opo.nllcr ea ycTolr crlacTba qeJloBerlecKofo, 3a OTAar'reHHbIe oqarH eB_ poner?croii Kyr'rbrypbr. fleno pyccxofi apuulr e Kpb,rMy

-

296

BeJrr.rKoe ocBo6oAuTe,'tbnoe ABu)KeHHe. 3ro cenqeHHaq soft-

Ha sa cso6oAy n npano> 43.

.[,.rrr ocyuecrBJleHllfl csoeft uAeftHo-no.nuruuecrotl nporpaMMbr Bpaure,rt HyxAaJIcfi npe>KAe Bcefo Bo BpeMeHH' Ho npeua ,6u.n'o se Ha cropoHe 6e.nux. Vcnexi'r 6onrruegtlxos B eofiHe ltp,oruB flo,rluril eue 6ollrue yrpenu.nu 6puraHcKoe npaBl{reJlbcrBo B .ltllqe .Ilrofi4 ,llxop4xa I'I ero corpyAHI.{KoB B Hx AaeHNuHeii cKr'toHHocru uLlv Ha corra-

[IeHHe c Jlesuuuu' AHr'lvqa'He oKa3bIBaJII.I AaBJIeHI.Ie Ha flo.nrruy, qro6u oHa 3aKJII,oq[,'Ia MHp c 6o.nturenrKaMl'I, H oH [peKparHJI BcflKy]o Boopy)KeHHyIo ua Bpaurens -.no6u roxe cKJIoHs,'II{cb K KoM[poMlIccy c 6opr6y. I4rarlqHqsI .IIenussrrrl. To,rrxo <Dpauqur, noAAepx{nBaBIUar llo.ntruy il npr{sHaBasuaq de facto npanureJlbcrBo reu. Bpaureils, a TaK)Ke CoeAuneuurre Lfiraru ocraBaJlltcb elqe BepHbI csoefl npexner? [oJri,rr]rKe noAAepxKH Ee.noro ABLIx(eHI{fl.

B xoHue aBrycra (uaua,re ceHra6pr no H. c.) 1920 r.

KoHrp-aAMI.{pa;r H. A. MaxKonJIIr, 6bIBIIIufi cnequa.nrnuu tipeAcraBr.rreJreM aMepr{KaHcKofo focyAapcreeHHoro AeltapTaMeHra a Poccnlt, 3aAaJr B r]LrcbMeHHofi tpopue no yKa3aHHrO CBOefO [paBI;ITeJrbCTBa Bocervrb BOTipOCOB [paBHTeJrbcrBy BpaHre.na c qeJlbro yrorrHl.Irb o6uryro [oJII.IrI.IKy 6e;rux. Ou no.ryuuJr HeMeAJreHHHri orser Ha Bce BoceMb

BolpocoB (Koropbre ryr He Bocnpon3BoAffTcr rro HeAocrarKy Mecra 44 u norouy, rITo Hx coAepxaHl4e gcgo npocrynaer H3 orBeroB na uux). Bnu4y oco6oro 3HaqeHHs groro orBerHoro AoKyMeHTa A,'Iq [oHHMaHLrff ugeliHofi lr no,tlttn.IecKoti n.rarQopuu Bpaurenencroro ltpaB].rreJrbcrBa, npr.{BoAHM pyccxufi TeKcr orBera noJrHocrbro, AocJIoBHo: ,[,onepvrerrHo. l. feuepa.rr Bpaure,rr HeoAHoKparHo 3agBJrffJr, r{To efo

IIeJlF, COCTOI'IT B npeAOCTaBJIeHHIj BO3MOXHOCTH pyCCKOMy HapoAy caMoMy cno6o4uo Bbrpa3l.rrb cBolo Bo,'rFo Kacare,rbHo 6yayuer? Qopnsl npaBJreHr.rs s Pocclru. On eqe pas noArBepx(Aaer cBoe HaMepeHr.re ycTaHoBHrb ycJroBr{ff, no-

gBolflrolque co3brB HauaoHanlHoro C,o6pauux, Ne6paHHoro Ha ocHoBax sceo6u,ero us6apared'rbHofo npaBa u nocpeAcrBoM Koroporo 6yaer ycraHoBJreHa Qoprraa npaBJreHr.rfl B Hosoft Poccau.

2. feuepa,r BpaHrell He HMeer ua rraa,refiruero HaMepeHHs HaBs3brBarb Pocclrr Sopuy rpaBd'reHr.rrr, 4eftcroyroltlylo 6es Hapo4noro npeAcraBr.rreJrbcrBa z Jrrr[reHHyn o6ulecrseHHofr rr,oAAepxKH. 3. TonxoeaHr.re HeAaBHHx AeKJrapaquft reuepa,la BpauICJIfl B TOM CMbICJIC, I{TO OH HC TIOJIATACT BOCCTAHOB,'ICHIIC B Pocculr 3aKonnocrr.r Ia ceo6oAbl AeJroM HcKJrrorrHTeJIbHo Bo297

eHHbrM,- coBeprxeHHo cttpaBeAJrHBo. Bcs coBoKy[Hocrb y>xe ocyulecrB-rreHHux peQopu, uao6opor, yKa3brBaer Ha ro, qro reHepaJr lJpaHreJrb IIpr.rAaeT nepBeHcrByioqee SHarreHr.re pa_

6ore no B,occraHoBJreHHlo rocyAapcrBa H yAoBJrerBopenr{ro

norp e6uocrer? xpecrtnu, cocraB Jrfl loulux sH a.IHre.ntuoe 6onlIrIHHcrBo HapoAoHaceJreHufl pocclur. I4naeHuo o groft ue_ Jrbro, r.rMer B BHAy cnoco6crsoBarb MnpHoMy pagBxruto co_ 3IiAareJIbHbIx ycu.rru[ [paBI{TeJIbcrBa, reHepaJr BpaHre,rr, Bo3Aepx{r.rBaercr or pacrrrupeHl{fl Teppnropnz, 3auRmft ero

noficxauH, Ho crapaercr y[poqr.rrb lleJrocrb rorr.rruqecKoro Lr sKoHOMHseCKoro rIeHTpa, COSAaHHOTO Ha reppnropfiH KaK saHflrofi Pyccxori apuueli, raK pr Ka3aKaMr.r, c KoropbIMI.I oH HaxoAurcr B recHoM coro3e. Coxpaneune orofo gAopoBoro sApa coBeprxeHHo ueo6xo4uuo, 4a6u oHo Mof_ JIo cJryx(r.rrb rleHrpoM rrpr{rflxeHr{s, BoKpyr xoroporo 6u cso6oAHo co6upa;ruct ll pa3BnBaJrucb Bce ycr4lrLrfl, pyccKo-

ro HapoAa, HanpaBJIeHHbre K HaIIUOHaJTbHOMy BO3pOXAeHLirc.

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rlepeAaer BJracTb Ha Mecrax, a raK)r(e sa6orEl o MecrHbrx I1 SKOHOT\r[qecKHx r{Hrepecax caMoMy HaceJreHlrrc, KoTopoe u 6yAer ocyqecrBJrflrb sry BJra.crb [ocpeAcrBoM cBonx cBo6oAno ns6pauHux opraHoB. 3axon o so,'rocruux seMcrBax B cKopoM BpeMeHH 6yAer Aorror'rHeH gaKoHoM o 3eMcrBax y$AHbrx. O6a sra sar(oHa 6yayr cJry)Kr.rrb ocHoeoii A,{fl ycTaHoBJreHr.rs 6o.lee o6Ir1ero npeAcraBr.tre,'rbHofo yqpexAenaa. ArpapHax peQopMa r{Meer r{eJrbto paAr.rKaJrbHo paspe[Ir{rb arpapHsui Bofipoc H BKJrroqaer e ce6s saxoHur,iii lepexoA, rryreM BbrKyrra, Bcex roAnbrx x o6pa6orKe 3eMeJrb B pyKn o6pa6arunaourax Hx KpecrbflH; 3eMJrr4 grrr nepe,4aIOTCfl rZtr,r s co6crBeHHocTb, r.rMefi B Br{Ay COsAarb s 6yAyu{eM cu,rrsufi KJracc Me,rrKHX 3eMeJIbHbIX co6creeHHHKOB, r{TO BnO"rrHe oTBeqaer cTpeM,'reHHgM pyccKofo KpecTbfl_ HLIHa.

5. Qrac.no 6exeHqen, HarrreArlux y fenepa,'ra Bpaure.ur y6exnqe or 6o.lrureBxKoB, oqeHb 3Haqr.rreJrbHo: oHo nDe-

BbIIIIaer 500 000 A,1rfl oAHoro Kpurua. Heo6xo4lllvro npra6aBr.rrb. cr,oAa erqe npr.rMepHo raKoe xe rrucro A.[g 6exeHqee,

pas6pocaHHbrx no E,ruxueirly Bocroxy, Erunry z Enpone.

Iaanuyrc_uacrt 6exeHr{eB cocraBr'rrrror crapr.tKr.r, xeHurrrHbr I.I Aerr-r. Bce oHn raK li,'rrr rrHarre nontsyroica no44epxxoii u noMoulbr,o co cropoHbr npaBr.rre.rrbcrBa rora poccun. B cJlyqae, ec,rx 6rr HenpHKocHoBeHHocrb reppr.rropur.r rcra poc-

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crsa Pocctt rl. B ro xe BpeMff oH rlpn3Haer, qro ro,'IbKo npaBr.rreJlbcrBo,ycraHoBJIeHHOerIoCJIepa3peuleHHflHaUlIOHaJIb-

uuu co6paHlreM Borlpoca o Qoptrte rlpaB,'leHnl' cMox(er 3a-

KJrroqarb AoroBopbl, 3arparHBaloil{ne cyBepeHHble npaBa

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rlpaBureJ-Ibcrnou Ceeepo-Auepuxaucxzx C. L[l', conepueuHo conrlaAaer c nolnrn,Iecxoft [porpaMMoit reuepa,ra BpaH-

feJrf, KaK B qacrl{, xacarcueficff Bolpoca o coxpaHeHi.lH

eArrHcrBa I.{ He[pHKocHoBeHHocrH pyccror? reppHropl{Ir' TaK rr B Bonpoce o flo.nlure. lenepal Bpaurenl yxe paHblxe cqed'r cBoI4M AOJI|OM BbIpa3HTb IIO STOMy rIoBoAy cBolo xI{nefiruyn npH3HareJlbHocrl Qe4epaJIbHoMy IIpaBI'{reJIbcrBy. 8. leHepa,r Bpaure.nt lloJlaraer, rITo EHocrpaHHbIe AepxaBbr, gHaKoMfcb c ero pa6oroft sa AeJIe, a He rlocpeAcrBoM ycrHbIX AeKJlapatluft, IuorrLI 6u y6e4llrncg, qro HHTITo He onpaBAbIBaer onaceuuft o roM, qTo Ae,'Io npaBI{TeJIbcrBa rofa Poccu MorJIo 6u nupo4llrbcq B BoeHHyIo aBaHrIopy r.rJrr4 B rro,rllTl{qecKylo peaKlrI.lo. t{ro Kacaercfl [epBoro o[aceHr.rr, To reHepaJl Bpaurenl HanoMuHaer, qro oH ro-

ros 6bur rrpeKparuTb fpaxAaH,cKyIo noftuy KaK Tor'IbKo IlM noflyrreHbr 6un'n 6u cBeAeHI{fl o AeftcrnnreJlbHblx rapaHrl'Iflx Herrpr.IKocHoBeHHocTI{ ero reppl{ropI{It, a raK]Ke reppl'r.

ropuft Kasaqbllx H KaK roJIbKo pyccrnft HapoA, croHyur[ft noA 6olrureBllcrcKllM gpMoM, noJIyq[,'I 6sr sogNloxHocrb cso6oAHo BbroKasarb cBolo BoJIto. C ceoeft cropoHbl reHepaJr Bpaururu rcToB npeAocraBl,ITb Haced'IeHI'Irc aaHgroli nM repplrropHLI Bo3MoxHocrb,cso6'oAHo BbIcKa3arb cBoI'I noxeJrarrufl, 6y,aytn rBepAo yBepeH, qro HaceJIeHVe HH B KOeM CJryqae He BblcKaxeTcf 3a coBeTcKylo BJIacTb. 9ro xacaercfl ero JII{r{Ho, To renepaJl Bpaure"ut yxe OTKpbITO SaflBIlJI' rITO ero qeJlb COCTOHT B ycraHOB,'IeHI'1Ii AJIff HapoAa BogMoxHocrlt BblcKagaru cso6oAHo cBolo Bo-

rrc n qro oH, reHepaJl Bpaure;lt, ne ro.ne6lncb, noATIHHI'ITcr cyBepeHHoMy roJIOcy pyccKoro HapoAa. Cesacrononr, 24 anrycta (6 cenra6pa) 1920 rola 45.

Taxona 6u.na ra4efiuo-rloJrnTnqecKafl rro3,Lrqun BDaHre,reecKofo ilpaBr.rreulrbcrBa rro saxHefiu[r'r Bo[pocaM ioro npenaeufi. K Hecr{acTb}o 4na Pocclrz r.r K HecqacTbro nJrfl Bcero r\{Hpa, HctopnqecKuft xoA co6ururl 6u;l c.nuruxoM crpeMu_

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uHaJIbHblx nAeftuo-uo.rtHTHr{ecKllx n,rarQopu, Heo6xo4lzno noaroMy o6parurrcr raKxe K My3brKe (o oco6enHocrri Boxarruoft, necesnoft ao) n K rroognu Toro BpeMeHrr. O6qee HacrpoeHxe, Koropoe pyKoBoAaJro 6elulnr .1o-

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crbro xorfl 6u nepoue ABe qacrr{ crHxorBopeHlrx <<,{ou>>.

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303

xya3Horo Il crpeMflt4erocfl K pecraBpaqr.rH MoHapxlr}{ n crapor0 pexil{Ma BOoOqe sHaq}Ir LTJII{ AeManorHqeCK[ HcKa)KaTb AeficTB[TenbHoe -noJroxeHHe Berrleft, n.n[ ga6nyxAaTbcq, HJII{, HaKOHeq, BHAaBaTb qacTb 3a qefloe. K rouy )Ke, raKofi noAxoA onpoBepraercq H npeAcraB[reJrflM]t pyccKoro KpafiHe-npaBoro, peaKq[oHHoro Hrr.r naprnfiuo-moHapxnqecKoto Janepq, KoropHe BcerAa yrBepxqaJrn (n npoAoJrxanr yrBepx(Aart), uro ocHoBareJlb ABnx(eHHfl reH. Auexceen 6uu pecny6nnxaHrreu Ir qro rraBnaq npnql,tHa nopa)r(eHHfl Eeloro ABnlr(eHltfl gaKJlloqaJracb B orKage ero noxAefi nOAHcTb MoHapxuqecKoe BHaMfl r.I BbrABHHyrb MOHapxuqecKyrc [porpaMMy. Bnpouenn, cJroxHbrfi noauruqecxufi o6nnx Eenoro ABHxeHHc n ero pyKoBoAcrBa npugHaercr rerrepb r.rHorAa Aax(e coBercKHMH HcropHKaMH. Tax, nanpHMep, HeAaBHO BbIrrreArlag coBeTcKas gHqr{Kno[Ie.u.uq rpaxr4ancxofi soriHu ynoMHHaeT o roM, qro nepBoe 6e.noe npaBnreJrbcrBo, co3AaHHoe s HosoqepKaccKe na ,ll,ony, 6u.llo KoaJrnr{Ho[rnbrM n BKJrroqaJro raKxe npeAcraBnTeJrefi JreBoro {,nanra TonAaIIrHero noJrr.rTr.rqecKoro cneKTpa - B JrHqe

KoHcrLIryrI[oHHbIx AeMoKparoB (xa4eror), coquaJrr{croB lr

coqr{aJI-peBoJrnqlloHepoB.

4 e

Eenoe ABH)r(eHr{e 6ulo nepnuM

- H Ao Hacrocrqero BpeMCHH BCC EUIE IJIABHbIM _ 3TANOM B IICTOPI{H AHTI{6OJIbUEBr.rcrcKofi 6opr6u.

Ee.nue Bor,rHbr 6H,[r.r s roqHoM cMbtcJre cJIoBa nepBonpoxoAHHKaMn He roJIbKo Pocclrlr, Ho n Bcero rleroBeqecTBa B

6opr6e nporr{B seaNqafiuero 3JIa XX sera - 6orruesns-

Ma-KoMMyHr{3Ma.

Hesaencr.nvro or BHeIlHefi, noopyxennofi HeyAaqH groro ABr.rxeHr,rfl, oTHoc[reJrbHo ero ilo,4JrnHHoro Ayxa, vaannfi,

qeuefi lr cBepllreHlrfi nnxaxux cotuneHnfi He AoJrlI(Ho 6rttr, B ocooeHHocrr{ KacareJrbHo ero nepnofi n nocneAHeft {ae. llpn ncex ero HeAocrarKax, ourn6xax H nperpeIrreHnflx, no cBoeMy cyqecrBy sro 6bluo ilAeaJrucrnqecKoe H repoxqecKoe ABH)r(eHr.re, 6opoBuleecc 3a caMoe 6urue, qecrb I{ Boapox(AeHr.re Poccl.ul, Ba ee penurnooHbte, KyJtbrypHble H lrcropuqecKr.re qeHHocrr,r n sa ropxecrBo B Poccun cBo6oAH, npaBa H npaBonopqAKa.

B pnay AyxoBnbrx qeHHocrefi, BAoxHoBrqBunx 6elux,

coBepIUeHHo oco6oe Mecro 3aHHMaJIo noHqrne .IecrN. Ho He roJrbKo B Jrr{qHoM nJraHe, y ryqunx npe4craBnTerefi sro-

ro ABnx(eHVA, A V rrrHpe. Kax neoAnoKpaTHo oTMeqaJrOCb,

ecnn 6u Pocclrs rorAa He orBernra Ee.nuu ILB[xeHileM Ha peBoJrnqr.rrc H Hacr.urbcTBeHHHfi 3axBaT BJIaCTn 6OlruenUKaMLt, qecrb PoccHH l.r pyccKoro napoA,a 6ula 6u nory6leHa, oHrr 6uru 6u o6ecqeuleHu HaBcerAa. {ect gTa 6brna

304

cllaceHa reM' rlro cpeA[ MaccoBoro pa3Bana H AyxoBHOro

oHeMeHHf u3 CaMHx pa3JlllqHblx cJIoeB HapoAa cpa3y )Ke BbIABI{Hynocb reponqecKoe I{ )KeprBeHHoe MeHbIlII{HCTBO' roroBoe Ao cMepTH oTcrafiBarb He gfoHcrI{qeCKH-JIHqHbIe llJr rr KJIaccoBo-Kop blcrHble MarepuaJlbHble HHTepecHt a cBepxJII{IIHHepeJ|nrHo3Hble'naTpI|oTI{qecKHe'rocyAapcTBeHHbleH Hble qeHHocrlt.

Kynbryp - oiHosuoe reqenne Deuoro ABnxeHnc BcerAa 6uao nlrooeaJrucTnqecKl{M I{ HI{KOIAa He npeAcTaBrcflo Huxaxoft ona-

Lno.t", rposnulefi Poccnn BBe.lI,eHI{eM KaKolo 6u ro Hu 6utJro noJIHTI{qecKoro H l{AeoJlonnqecKoro MoHH3Ma. Hanporur,

Beaoe ABilxeHHe aKTHBHo l,t 6essaserHo 6opo,ltocb 3a JII{gKOHOKBI,IA,aqIrn roro noJIHTHqecKofo' HAeororHrlecKoro H M[qecKoro MoHI{BMa, rofi xonnnnyn[crl{qecKofi nnxrarypu (n nepcneKTHBe AnKrarypbl roraJlnrapnofi), Koropac 6uaa ycTaHoBJreHa JleHunuu n eno cnoApyqHHMlI B qeHrpe crpa-

rorAa crpeMHJlacb pacnpocrpaHl'lrbcfl Ha BcK) - n yx(e Pocclno H Ha Becb ocra.nrHofi MHp (<unponan peBonnqnn>!).

O6uraq u4efiHo-no,nurrqecKac nlarQop*ra EeJloro AslrrtreHnc n oco6enHocrl,t B ee BpaHrerescxofi peAaKIIt{H TaK xe- aKTyaJIbHa renepb, xax ona 6uua aKTyaJIbHa n Hbr

ceMbAeccr JteT ToMy HaSaA: <3a Poccllto n cuo6o4y>!

NPUMEIIAHfi' flepBaff qacrb Moero 1. B ocrose srofi ctatr,u anrnnficroro aoK,'raAa-crarbu: -Nikolai P. Poltoratzky.

Would the Victory of the <Russian Party> Preserve

Political and Ideological monism? (Political Ideolosical Platforms of the <Russian Party>) ll The Soviet-Union and the Challenge of l,he Ful,ure. Vol. 3: Ideology, Culture and Nationailty. / Ed. by a. Shtromas and M-orion a. Kaplan. N. Y. 1989. Pp. 92-138.

B nacrosuena, pyccxortr BapuaHre nepBoro pas,4e.na aroft r.rIaBbI, trocBglrreHuofo Ee.rlorr,ry ABI.IxeHHIo, anrnltficxufi TeKCT neDecTpoeH LI cyilIecTBeHHo AOnOJIHeH.

2. ,['arr.rne A. A. hyru BepHr,Ix. C6. crarefi.- flapnx,

1960. C. 17-19, 28, 72.

3. Tarrl xe. C. 19.

4. HagsaHze eroMy opraHy ynpaBrleHHfl 6u.no Aaso B. B. llly,'truur,IIvl, xoiopsrft cocrasl.ul n nepeuenn ueo6-

xoAHMbIx orAeJIoB. Oxouqare.lrHo paapa6ora"r H orpeAaKTr.rDoBa,'r <<flo.noxenue o6 Oco6olr CoseqaHau> reH. Koropblfi c l0 anrycra l9l8 r. cocroffJl A.'M. ,[paror'aupoB, ^BepxoaHoro

..nouoqriuxoru

Pyrono,qnre.nn>

reH. Aner-

ceeBa. (B rex cJlyqarx, KorAa B crarbe- yKa3blBaercn

ror'rbKo oAHa AaTa, oHa npI'IBoAuTcs no cTapoMy cTunb'

roropufi TorAa exle ocraBaJlcfi B cIlJIe Ha lore Poccuu).

305

<(floJrolKenue> 6n,ro yrnepxAeHo reH. Arexceesurr,t g l aBrycra. Oco6orr.ry Cooeulauun rroAqanflnacr, creAyrouue

oTAe"irbr: focyAapcTBeHHOfO ycTpoficTBa, BHyTpeHHHX Ae.t, Ar.ruJroMarfiqecKl.I-aruraqHoHnufi, Quuaucoanrl,' ropronau lr IrPoMhruneHH_ocrr.r, rr cHa6xeHafi 3eMne_ _npoAoBoJrbcrBt, Aen[s, nyTell Coo6qenxfl, rocTurlur, HapOAHoro 11pOCBe-

Iqeunq u KoHrponr. Oror saqarorruufi opnan rpax,qaucKoro yIIpaBJ'reHHfl c03AaBaJrcfl oqeHb Mei.nenso.' fleosoHaqaJrbxo npeAceAare.fleu Oco6oro Coeeqanns 6u,rl BepPyroeo4ure.nr,{,o6ponolr,tecxofi Ap*"H reH. 19augfi M. B. A,rexceee (18b7-l9ld). noc.ire ero-chepr", crynuBruerl 25 cenrn6pl, npeAcelareneM craJr reu. "a_ !: Y 49"!uH, npunnnrirnfi siaHne lnietoxoriaHAyroule_

ro u oobeAr-rsunurufi B oAHnx pyKax BJracTb BOeHHOTO

KoMaHAoBaHr.rr r.r rpax(AaHcKoro ynpaBr,rents. Bnoc,relcr_ B;iH Ao,'rbttre Bcex n?e,qceAare,,re,la Oco6oro Coseula_

- 6yn res. A. JV! - AparorrlrpoB, a nocrre Hero reu. tluz^ A. U. JlyKoMct<t4ii.- Cu.^o6 erom: ,{,euuxuu A. 14. Ouep_ xr.r Pyccxoft Cr,lyru. T. B. -Eeloe ABHxeHr.re a OoprOa a5_ qpMrlu. Mari

- 260-265. bepnHH, 1924. C. 9poBo,'rbrie^cKofi

- oxrr6pt lglg' roaa._

5. Tau Ne. C. 262.

6. Talr xe.

7. Texcr erofi peva npnBoaxrcr r xn.: .[l,euuxns A. H.

^ Ouepxu Pyccxor? Crvryrtr. T. 4.- Eep.nur, lg25. C. 4S_4g. r_eH. AeHr.rKr.rH flprMo Ha3trBaer ary peqb <Aexlaparlxeir

Ao6poBoab'{ecxoft snacrn> (C. 4b) i.r yxasunaer, qro xoTg peqb 6u"ra cocragleua nrrqHo I.tM, oua <<orpaxaJla BcerreJro u B3ursAhr <<Oco6oro Cosex{agur>> so irase c ren.

Aparorraaponnrr.r (npr.rrrl. 3 xa c. 45).

8. Tarra xe. C. 45.

9. Tau xe. C. 47.

10. Tau xe.

ll. Tau >xe. C. 210. flpuru. l.

12. Tan ;r<e. C. 2ll.

13. Tau xe. flo4ueprnyro Muoro. Bo ecex Apyrrrx,

cneqHaJrbHo

He oroBopeHHblx, cnyqaflx rIoAr]epKHBaHXt

NPHHAANEx(AT IIHTIiPYEMHM ABTOPAM.

14. Tau xe. flpuu. 2 ua c.215._.216.

15. Cu.: Tarrr xe. flpuu. ua c. 215.

16. Tau xe C. 215.

17. Tau xe.

18. Taru xe. C. 210.

19. Tau xe. C. 216.

20. llo,ruuft reKcr groro <HaKa3a> cM. B r. 5 <O,reoKoB> reg. .Il,euuxnna. C. 280-281.

I

21. Tau xe. C. 280. flepnne qerHpe nyHKra sroro

AoKyMeHTa nprlBoAflTcr B HecKoJrbKo nuofi eoplre, rar;re e xH.: General Baron Pete_r !.{. Wrangel, dAirvays rvith

!!oqor>1 - With a Foreword by Herbert Hoovei, New York, Robert Speller B Sons. 1957. D. I2O.

^ 42.?2. neuuxia A. H. O.iepxn'Pyccrofi Cuyru. T. 4. c.

23. Tau xe. T. 3. C. 263.

24. Cuocra reu. ,[,euuxl.rua: He ag[paq Ha o6tssreHHe Poccnll pecny6lurofi H corJracue Ha aBTonoMuro Vxpafinsl.- Tau xe. C. 263.

3C6

25. Tarr,r xe. Taroe yMonacrpoeHl'Ie rocnoAcrooBa"Io'

pyccKoro no cr'roBaM ren' Aesuxlua' B rxl{poKl{x Kpyrax B oKrfloo6urecrsa eue Ao 6o,rsrueeucrcxoro nepeBopora r'luc'nu res' 'lLesuxun csoeft t.

B-roArBep)KAeHue ;;l-91t toc;Ia,rcg ryr Ha crarb' AByx noJlHTI'rqecKx nporl.iBono-

'nu6epa;lluofi Jro)KHbIx opianon neqarlt ro16-. nperaenu, -

ra-

<,Il,eul->' faseta ;;;; uPeqr> u paArKanbHoft raserbl *irEor. s nepeAosbfi crarbe or 23 cenm6pa l9l7 r' ntl<CnpaaurscR c Haul.IoHaJlbIruuu 6ea' ;il, ; "ait'no""", coxpaHl'ITb eAHHcrBo Poccltll - Bor Bcfi ttpocrBngMli, ero 6bL'Ia ;p;ffi;-' Ec.nu '6u ee yAanocb ocynrecrB'rb u -uepe4 p-eao6r,r senuqaftrtrat 3acJlyra nepeA 'erlrupoAl{Hoit nyreu u uoxer 6uts nroquet, Koropat rb.nrxo craceua)> (C. 263).

26. Tarr,r xe. C. 263.

27. Tav xe.

28. <6e.noe Ae,lo>: ,rleronucl Ee,'Iofi Eopl6u' Mareo;rarn, co6paHHHe H paspa6orauulte 6aponolt II' H' Bpaui"n.",' t.puo.o" l. H.'JleftxreH6eprcKuM u. csetrefiuuM

pes,. A. A. il;;dt -i;p;;;, A. i-I. JluseHornr. /?6.floa -tpott-Jlaune'Tt'-V u VI <Ee.noro,Il,e'ra> 1928. T. vI c.

Bpanre"ra' B <<3anucrau> ren. ue,,ruKoNr nocBrxleHbl is69 .. o6a rorua 6u'nn nepeu:.u'aun noA ua3gasueu <<Bocno""nu""" reHepara 6apoHa fl. H. BpaHre'nR>' flepeus-

y[oAaHIte HaAo BcfiqecKll npIrBeTCTBOBarb' Ho He'tb3q He MrHyrb oAxofo saxHorb o6crogremcrsa: caM Bpaure'rr' c,{ufa,'r, qro uMeHHo 9T}r <(3an[cKll> (o 6opl6e'- Koropatt

erue npoAo,'txaerca), a He <<BocnoMnHaHuq> (o qeM-To vxe- 3aBeDuenHou).

'- 29. Tur f. Vl. C. 92. Stor rpnKa3 (3226)' noaCesacrono're 20 Maq 1920 r.' 6u"r ony6'rtlnucasnufi a "...

KoBaH 25-ro, Hs-aa 3aAep)KKll c neqaraHueM npl-IKa3a o se}re,'n,Hol1 peQopue. B AalrgefiureM BCe CCbIJTKI'I Ha <<3artucKH>> oiu6cnrcs K gToMy xe' ulecroMy rolty <<6eroro Ae,'Ia>.

30. Tau xe. C. 107-108.

31. Tavr xe. C. 109.

32. Tau xe. C. 118 (nPuxas 3372) 33. Tau xe. C. 192.

34. Tau xe.

35. Tau xe.

36. Tau >re. C. 123.

37. Tau xte. C.76.

38. Tarr,I xe. C. 123.

39. llepea reM Bpaurenb ynoMrHyn B cBonx <3anncrax> o6 o,ilrou rouxierHon enuso,4e groro po'u,a. <B ra-

gere MoHapxHqecKoro HanpaBJIeultn <Pyccxal. npaBAa>' uarasaeuefibq s Cegacronone, roflBltJlct ue,nufi pR4 ctarei onpeAenenHo norpoMHoro xapaKrepa (...). f tor.q,a xe

oraa,'r npHKa3, o66qBuB BbITOBOp IIeH3opy' It 3aKpHn nasery> -40.(C. 122).

Bce [HTarbI B gro]t a6saue-orry.{'a x(e' co

c. 124.

41. Tarr xe. C. 123.

42. Tav xe. C. 124.

43. Tau xe. C. 124.

44, Anr.nuftcrufi rercr nIIcbMa aAMlIpa,la Mar< Ko,'I-

m (?) Bocrpor'I3BeAeu na C. 165-166 <<3anucox> tea' 307

Bpaune,'ra, pyccxufi nepeBoA nrcbMa_sa C. 166_162. zl B pyccxoM, u a anuuficxor,r (<Always with Honor>)

eauunun aru. N. "A. rvrcerlii";;;,: I:{ill:1?ln,lgnn: BoAlrrcfl rax .&lacCully; B pyccxoM reKcre _ qepe3

Ae_

@uc: Max-Ko.n;u. B xixpo;rore aAMupr{na, nosauBrrreMc, B ra3ere <New York Tim-es>, ero $arr,tirnur 6u.na saneqa_ TaHa r.rMeHHo rar: McCullv

45. Tarir xe. C. 16g-169.

46. _Cu.: fleqessur poccnficroro aoula. I Cocr. BareHrHH H.__Manty.nlrx. T. I-ll.- Htro-plopr.' lg70_lggb. qBeraeBa M. Jle6e4uHufi craH. Crlrxlr 1917-1921 x netraru f. II. Crpyee. Ees yK. M. n., .ll._Ilpuroronfln 1957. C. 27-28. Ko nroporl qacrn cruxorBo?:TIo <.{,ou> yxasaua aBropcrar Aara: l7-ro uapra

lll_d r. il cAeJraHo- n_pu_MerraHue peAaKropa c6opnnr<a; (<c6oKy nprnucKa M. 14. I_{eeraesofi: NBI r,roN .nro6lluueu (cTnxH).

48. Tarrr xe. C. 29. Ilpnueuaune 11. ?L Lleeraesojl x eroft, 3-eli qacru crrxorsopeuux <[ou>: <Mocrsa. b.,ra-

roBerrlpHr{e 19_!8 r.- 4nlr pasrpoua [ona>.

^1l_CU'

fpax4aucxan-eortria u BoeHHaq HHrepBeHuus I fa. pea. C. C. Xpouoa.-M..

9^,C^CC^P -3suuxaoneAus.

1983. C. 200.

308

KPATKI,IE CBEAEHHfl

O NYEJII,IKATOPAX

FOPTHEBCKUn Bnxrop feopnxeerr

poA.

s 1954 r., KaHAHAaT Hcrop[qecKLIX HayK, AoIIeHr

xa$e4pu r{cropl{n coBercKofo o6rrecrsa "l"Iesl.rH-

fpaAcKoro rocyAapcrBeHHoro yHIrBepcltTera. Aerop crareft H AoKyMeHraJtbHbIX ny6nltraqufi no pa3JrnqHbrM npo6neuau Hcropltll Poccun XIXnepaofi flor'roBuHbr XX o., cltequa,Illl3upyerct ltper{MylqecrBeHuo no lrcropl{u rpax{AancKoft eoriHtt r.r pyccxofi gMurp arlur.r.

EPATIEB Bnxrop CrenaHosrq poA. B 1947 r., :r.aH1u1ar r.rcropurrecKax HayK, accncreHr raSe4pu r.rcropuu CCCP Poccsficxoro focyAapcTBeHHofo neAarorfiqecKofo yHHBepcl.rTera r.rM. A. VI. fepueua. Anrop pa6or ro prcroqHlrKoBeAeHHro r.r Hcropuu Poccl.nr XVIll-nepaofi rperu XX e.

BAPyCTIIHA Ereua JlrnosHa

poA. B

- HayuHurl 1958 r., KaHAr{Aar ucropnqecKnx HayK, corpyAHl.rK Jleuuurpag,cxoro orAer'reuuq l4ncrnryra r.rcroplru CCCP AH CCCP. Cneqaa"'rirsHpyercfl B o6nacru HcroqHuKoBeAeHr,rq ucropnn Poccvr4 Haqalra XX n.

ilOCCE Hnna A.nexcaH4PoBHa - PoA B I r., BerepaH Coroaa rearpa"'IbHbIx lerre'net?

190

CCCP, reHcuoHep, BAoBa B. A. Ilocce.

CMOJI lI H Anaro.nufi Bacnnsesnq PoA. e HayK, HcropI{qecKI.IX KaHLLlAar 1947 r., AoIIeHT

xa$e4pu l.tcropr{r CCCP Poccut?cxoro focyAap-

cTBeHHOfO IIeAafOlHrleCKO|O yHI'IBepCI-tTeTa IllI. A. 14. fepueira. Aerop pa6or no HcroqHI{KoBeAeHr.Io H IIcropHH fpaxAaHcKoii soliHst e Poccvu.

309

qEPHflEB B.na4nrrrup loplernv

poA. s

1945 r., KaHAnAar r.rcropfiqecKux HayK, -Hayuusrft

corpyAHriK .IleurHrpa4cKoro orAeJreHr.re l,lucruryra r{croplu CCCP AH CCCP. Anrop crareri I.I AoKyMeHTaJrbHbrx ny6;rnxaqufi no pas.nuvulrr,r npo6.ueuau r{cropr{t,I Pocclrn HaqaJ'ra XX e., cneIIHa,'rr.l3HpyeTcq IIper.rMyxlecTBeHHO IIO rrcropHH poccuficxtx penonrcqzfi.

CONTENTS

TO OUR READERS Hoover Institution Archives (USA): A. P. Balk' The Days of Tsarist Petrograd.

Last -- -The iorm"r Russian imigre historical archives in Prague: E. N. Geacintov. The Tragedy of the RussianArmv in l9l7: A. A. Borman. .Nloscow - l9l8 (Notes ol u Wirlt" Ageni in the Kremlin); Documents fo the White Counterintelligence Service, 1919.

Private arfhiv"st V. A. Posse. Frorn the February to the Brest (Memoirs) KGB ai'chives: Leningrad Freemasons and the OGPU (Interrogation Protocols and Material Proofs). ' Politi-cal thought of the Russian emigration: l).: .P' Polioratsky. The- Ideological Platform of the White Movement.

SOMMAIRE

A NOS LECTEURS Archives de I'Institution Hoover (USA): A. P' Balk' Les derniers jours de Petrograd tsaris-te.

Archives historiques dJ I'emigration russe a Prague: E. N. Ceacintov, La tragedie de I'armee russe in l9l7; A. A. B;i;an, MoscoullgtS (Notes d'un agent secret blanc au Kremlin); Documents des service de contreespionnage des armees blanches.

'Archifes personnelles: V. A. Posse, De fevrier a Brest

(Memoires).

-i;;hi;6

''

du KGB: Les francs-macons a Leningrad et d'interrogatoires et preuves (Proces-verbaux l'OGPU materielles). "'-"i;';;;Jee politique de I'emigration russe: N' P' Poltoratst!, Li pfate-foime ideologique du mouvement blanc'

3tt

Texsuqecrufi peAaKrop H. [,. Bucouqgrc CAaHo g ua6op 10.04.1991 r. floAnHcaHo K neqarn 13.0b.91

r.

OopMar 84XI08t/sz. Eyrrrara o0c. N! l nesarb BbrcoKar. ycr.-nec. r. 16,38. ycl. xp.-orr. 16,5g. y,r._ua4,,.

1g,04.

Tupax 23 000 exs. 3aK. l-146. Ifena E p. 60 r.

Qu.nual <CseneHr coBMecrHofo coBercKo-aBcrpuficxo-aue_

pHKaHcKoro npeAnpnrrtrs <Cnesac>. 194156, Jleunnrpa4, Cepro6orscxaa, I OrnecaraHo r nolurpaerolr6trHare UK JIKCM Vroaxsu (MAc) <Moaoal>. A4pec norHrpa@xov6nnara: iS+lrg.

I(I{eg-119, fIapxoMeHKo, 88_44.

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