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A. A, Bggerucruft rrpll3Han raKoBb]MI.r ,runt nrcAefi, 3aIIilcaHHbIx B nerota.

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,r 4opeQoprr,rengsrfi flepnoA. VvuruBafl, uro pa4 ee EonpocoB noryrrur Her<oropoe ooBeuleHne B Jrlrreparype4, Mbr cocpgAoroqr4M t nCaJ. XXXII, Ne 25119, mp. 328, 329. , P.B.,{,aHur'reBcKr.rfi.

Pyicxoe 3o,rroro. M., lg59; B. fl. KpHBoHoqac"HoKaflurarucruqecxofi

goaoronpblrururesr o n. 3apox4eHrre r pa3Barne uocrn na-Vpqqe-.I c-epg4uHe XIX n.. C6. <<leHegt,tc KanuraJru3Ma n nfouuur,reuHocru>. M., 1963; A. B. IX u r o s._ Zs ryrop{4 Bo3Hr.rKHoBeHnfl 3oJrororrpoMbrrrrJleHHocru B qacrHbrx oxpyrax Vpa,ra. C6. <<HccneAoBaHr.rg ro lrcroplru Via,ra>), Bbrn.

I,

Ileprr,rr. 1970.

E* Ilu 0 H r_a y 3. flepnue uarn 3oJroronpoMbrrurreHHocru ua Vpai -D<flpo6,reusr " o6uecrseHHo-no,rurl.rqecxofr uciopNr.r Poccllu u c,,raBsH.ne. C6. cKHx crpaH>. M., 1963. _ 4 B. fl. KpueoHof oo. @oprr,rlrponaHr.re KaApoB HaeMHofo rpvAa B

I

norosuHe

20

XIX e. C6. <Vs

Hcropr.rr{ 3aBoAoB r.r Qa6pnx Vpa,ra>, nsrn.2,'Cuep.r-

o,cHoBHoe ,BHHMaHLTe Ha HCrOpl.lI.I pa3Bnrl,Ifl n,poH3BoACTBa, HIIKe Il,HCKOTOpbix 3KOHOMIIT{eCKuX BO:IIpOC2X.

elo rex'

C xonqa ,eioporo Haqa,'ra rperbero AecflrllJlerus XIX s' s MHofHX ypaJIboKI'Ix ropHosa'BoAcKIIX xosqftcreeHHble KoMndIIeKcbI Jarlr$ynAlrft (fron.rre'Bbrx, Pacro'pryeBblx, AeiltuAosHx, fpueaa

Ii Ap.) rcraJla BHeAp)trbcg Ho,Baq A/'I'fl 'iHI'Ix orpacJlb_- Ao6blqa 30,rora. He MLIHOBa,Ta STO|O U ypaJlb0Kafl BOTqHHa BceB,oflox'cKnx,

'KOTOpbIe Cpa3y xe ,nOCd'Ie OTKpbITI"Ifl 3O,'l'OTbIx pO'ccU'neft e EOIOc,'roBarKoft aaqe s 1823 r. [p]Icry'[vr'Il{ K'noucKoBbllu pa6oram u r

,cBo€fi 'coceAneft 3aosepcxoil Aaqe, pacloJlolKeHHofl Ha ceBepe Bepxoryp,cxofo ye3Aa, rAe,oHI{ eule ,B I{oHIre XVIII cro'lerl'Iq tnaIII,IHAJIII PAAPA'6OTXY MEAHbIX PYA I4 AC''IAJII{ IIIONbITKI' MOCTPOI-{Tb UC/ICIJI A'BI,IJIIHHIi

gA

B,ceg onoAo 6,'r

a

SOA.

Heciuorpa Ha ro, qro gra Aar{a He 6lt,ra o,xonqareJlbHo 3aKpenreHa sa Bcesoro)KcKHMI.I (Ha uee 6H,r o'6tssJlen onop Ka3,Hoil u yqacruuKaMz ,s 'o6qer4 crporaHo'BcKoM ,BJIaAeHuu-lonurrbrHbrMH, CrporauonuM,H lr Ap., 'xolopuft rtrpeKparl{dqcr rou'IbKo K 1838 r) 5 u orrcyrcrBo,BaJro cneqllaJrbHoa rpa3peIIr€HLIe Ha pa3paSorry Aparcqenuoro MeraJlaa, 3arnoAqLIIKH rIIoBer'II,I B rcBoeM ,ceBe'p,HOM B,[aAeHHH rfltrpoK]ro. pa3rBe,4Ky poocbl,rreft (no-en4uMoMy, c ;rera 1823 r.), floryr{fl's d6HaAexr{Ba}ou{t4e ,pesyJrbrarbl yxe B 1824 r. B lB25 f. onr.r Haqa;ru 4o6uuy 3o,rrora B rrpoMbrnIJreHHbIX uacrtrra'6ax 6. Orxpnrrre gAecb nproMbrcJrbr rndnyun.nu Ha3,BaHI4e

B

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r. B. A.

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HaXoAfl',TCq KoIIn :II'o JIeBoii 'cTopoHe rperlKll crpe,re'6Hefo HOfi, rrrzl,4,rrreft pery cocsoy, HapoqHo .nocbIaaHHbIMH !'IIOAbMT.I HafiAeHrt ,IIeCKII, BO CTa [IyAaX .KOTOpbIX COAepXI4TCq 30-

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JroTa

eua n,p'oMbrBa,'rbHafl 'Sa6pr.rxa, Ha xoropoft 'pa5ora.no 70 qe,roeex.

Croaa 5u.no nepereAeHo 6onruroe KoJrl{qecrBo rpenocluux pa6oqr4x ng ['plIKaMcKLrx tsorqr.{H 8. !,.n'R co3AaHHff sororoAo6Healo-

roscr,

1963;

B. B. Kceno$oHroBa. floloxeulte u 6opr6a pa6orunx,rrc-

Aeli BcesoroAo6;raroAarcxnx 3oJlorblx [poMblcJloB n i0-50-e roArr XIX n'

Crep,uloncx, 1964; B. B. Myxrrrr.

C6. <Bonpocn -cu;ra ucropau Vpa,ra>, sun.5, na npe4nplrarzrx ypanucxofi ropHo3aBoacKoti eo,qt,tuH BcesoPa6oqas ,'to)KcKr.rx s I norosuHe XIX nera. C6. <He ficropl{u pa6overo KJIacca }I KpecrbaHcrBa flepucxoro xpar>, flepur, 1965.

5 UtI,lA'CCCP, S:1341, on, 26, A. 945, n.243; S. 1152, on. l, t. 44, ,r. 194.

6 CO|ACO, $. 12, on. 2, n.2, n.76o6.

qlHA CCCP, 0. 1341, on. 26, 4. 945, n,'r.

8 CO;ACO, O. 12, on. 5, A. l, .rr,r. l-2, 39.

z

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'MaHr.r,crpy $n,ua ncoe f p a oy,KaH'Kp I{Hy, cJreAyrorrlH M,o6p a 30\{ xap aKTepH3oBa,rr 3ToT p ariorH: <<cro,rl corKpoBr4ilIecTByrouaq Mofl .1,aqa MeCTHbIM OB'OLIM IIO/IO)K,eHHeM HaxOALITCfl rllp'oTI4iBy BCex CO'CeJ,cTBeHHbrx 3aBoAoB Hecpa,BHeH,Ho B Aa,rrbHefiner,r paccTof,Hr.rH oT o'cB.oeHHoir

HaceJIeHHbIX MeCT Lr npeACTarB,'rfieT CO16Orc OAHO rIP,OCrpa}H'CTBO 3eMJrr4 rB.O BCei{ 'HeO6pa30'BaHHOCTH Ar.r,KOri rlprrpoAbr, rroqrl1l He npoxoAHMyIO, TaK,CKa3aTb, InyrCTbIHIO, OKpy)KeHrHyIO OAHHMI.T KOqyloIqr{Mri 'Bofy,rraMr4>> Ho, HecMoTpfl Ha rpyAHocrr.r, Bo HMfi <<3o/.roTOFO TeJrbUa>> BCesOnOx,CKr{e 3a Crr'eT TpyAa r.r JrI,IrxeHr,rii'Kpenocr-

n

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Bc,reA 3a rnepnblM Crpen,e6uu'M rnpur{oKoM r6brr,fi or'xpuru [Ioxponcxnft (1827 r.), llerpolae,rroBcKr4ri Ha p. IIIariraHKe, ,rpr.rroKe p. Vlsaent (1828 r.), flpeo,6'paxencxuft,Ha p. Lllarure (1830 r.), 3sauescxnfr aLlsaHoscxnri (1832 r.) u gpyrne r0.

truy, ucKa JrH'c a ]4 ble c Hnx 6lrln 'cHflTbI <<CJIll,BKa>>. EcreclseHHo, r{T.o n,pLI gToM 6orarlte poccbrrllt 6ucrpo krccflKrt, 'a s a,xc,rlryararrl4lo cra,rll{ 'nocrynarr '6onee ,6eAsue MecropoxAeHuq. Ecnz, Hairrpr Mep, e 1832 r. ,cpeA'Hee coAep)KaHrre 3o,rrora ,e 100 [ryA. ,rrecKa cocraBJrrrJro 2 so,'rorHrixa 49 AoJIeft, ro s 1860 r. oHo.KoJre6ad'rocb B ,rrpeAedrrax I so,'rorHr4r3

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Ho Ero 6u.uo ropasAo Bbrrre cpeAHefo coAep)KaHuq soJlor,oHocHbrx IrecKoB ypa,'Ib'cKl,rx qacTHoBJlaAer'tbrrecKl{x ga,u 12.3ro flBJreHI'Ie 6u,ro,tutnqHbrM A,'r,q ,ecefi gororo4,o,6lrnarcu]eli n.povrrru-

48 ao.rreft

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<ntB>, 186t, N! 36.

12 l(parxuii oueDx pa3Burr.tg,racrHoft

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rueficq Ha ttpr,rMHTI4gHoli rexgn'Ke, cHJrbHo ga,gHceeueft or rrofoJ-

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12, on. 2, n.76; V. Ee.qouocos. CeeaeHuq KoJIHqecrBe rIDoMbITL,rx recKoB H ,uo6rrroro 3o,'rora Ha Ka3eHubrx lr qacrHbrx npoMbrc,'rax Vpd,irrcrofi o6,ractr, <fX>, 1865, xn. 12, crp. 442-443,450-451.

,r. 376 o6.; CO|ACO,

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cxoro xogqft crea B,ceeoJrox(cKllx. lIpeapeQopMeHHoe AecnrI.I"rerI.{e xapaKrepH3'yercn AanlseiirxrrM yxytArrreHlleM QllHanconoro H xogqftcrBeuHoro rIoJIolI(eHHn 3aBOA[{[KOB. EAr.tHCrS'eHHO EO3MOXHbIM Arq sllX CnOCO60M 3KC-

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Ho s xouqe 50-x roAoe Ao-

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zo QvHibs) oHI4 3annMa,rn 9-e Mecro (us 15) ^cpeAI'I Ka3eH"vo.

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38

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crp.90.

4 UfAOP, $. 109, I 3Kcr., A. 26, q. l, 1860, na. 86-87.

5 C,reAyer orMerr.rrb, qro rro coBoKynHocrlr npeA'btBreHHblx o6nuseuuii <-vrrp,eAuTe,'Ifi u fJ'raBHbre AefreJrg o6ulecrsa> Ha ocHoBaHI-In crarefr 173-175 CeoAa gaxoHoB noAJrex<aJru cuepruofi ragulr. OAsaKo B Haqa,rle 1860 roaa npaBr.rreJrbcrBo He peura!'rocr ua no1o6uyrc pacnpaBy. flo <BncoqatilxeMy noBe,renuro>, nocJleAoBaBrxeMy Ha Aor(r'raA c"reAcreeHuotl KoMxccr.rH, 4e.no 6sl.no npHKasaHo peul{Tb arMr.rHr,rcrparuBHbrM nopt,[Kol.t. Ho nplr gToM oco6o orlreqatocb, qro o6suHrer{L,re noAB,sprHyrcrr HaKa3aHuro no ncefi crporocru 3aKoHa, ec,'ru BnpeAb 6yAyr aalreueHtr e qeM-"'ru6o noAo6nolr. Ioxa x<e uu crpoxaftue npeAnr.rcbrBa,Tocb Aepxarb rafiue Bce, cBg3aHuoe c Ae,'roM o6urecrea fi c,{e,{crBr.reM no nsMy (cu. c6opHux AoKyilreHToB r.r Marepua,'roB <<O6uecrseHHocrp. 76; II|AOP, no,'rr.rrr{qecKoe ABuxer{ue ua Vxpauue>. KHes, 1963, Q. I09, I eKcn., A. 26,'a. 5,,r,'r. 5, 56) .

s

r. l,

34

np OICXOAITT'I npOqeCC

KOHCOJI

I{AaUHI'I- peBO,'I}OIHOHHbIX Cil"I'

uilrsuurics so 'sropofi ro,'IoBHHe 1861 r. o6paso'nanxelt ce p o c c Ii fr oxo ft p e e o.r toq u o s tt o il o p I a'H a 3 a Ill4 I'I.

3

aBep -

'nepeoft

,B

KaKyIo )Ke'no3ilqllrc 3 a H'qJ'I ogrttnxaer ecrecrBeHHblit non'p'o'c B 3rr4 x ycJl'oBl,tsx Mypa'ncrnfi? O6craHoeKa ye3,.lHoro Bxpcxa oxa3a,,ra onpeAeJreHHoe soeAeft,crsue Ha H,paBcTBeHHOe cocroflHlle peBO,'nOqIroHepa B rlep'BbIe Mecsubl npe6lteaurnfl ero rB 3TOM rop'or]e' <<Ves4uata xt43Hb, qyBcrBo oAllHor{ecrBa (KyAa HH or,'IflHelrbcl ,Be3Ae,uuuo,euur) Ha'Be,lt4 'Ha MeHtl CTpaIUHyIO ToCKy 'l{ aIIaTI4IO>>' rB

-

[nca,,I og. oAgaro 3TI4 Ha,cTpoeHarl o,Ka3ar'Ir{,cb KparlKoBpeMeHHbIIta. Ta <<Hpa'B'crBeH'H3ff ,cl'lJl2)r Koropaq orJII4qa,IIa elo Ha Bcex 9Tarlax peBoJlloql,IoHHofo rIyTH, AOCTaTOqHO pKO^ |rIpo'q'BI'IJIacb I'I B ne6.

'I pzoj nepnofi Ezpcxo-Opeu6yprcxofr cclt,rxu Bcxope oH pa3rBepHIJI Aerr€rbHocrb' Koropan 'no o6'b"eKT[BHOMy cBoeMy 3HaqeHHto cTaBI4r ero 'B OAI'{H PqA C KpynHeHiul'lMIr KoHuy Aefre,'rqMI.I sIIOXI4 rlepBoil peBo,'IouilouH',oti cnryauult' K r{JIeHa" 1860 r. Mypa'n,c,xuft rBoccraHalBrrll'l'Baer cBq3I'I co MHorl'lMI't uu Xaplroe,cKo-Knescxoro o6qecTBa, yqa'c.rHHKaMH ABI4)KeHHfl ,BOCKpe3gbrx ITIKOJI 11 cryAeHqecKl',Ix BO"IHeHI{fi. llepenncxa, c 11o\rcul;Io lKoropoft oH loAAep)KHBar'I cBr3b c HHN{I{ il Me)KAy HH\{l{, coBepureHHo onpe.r,ereHHbIM o6pasou xapaKrepll3yer Ito Ae'iTeJrbHocrbT. Cne.l.ver orMert4Tb, r{To oHa HocH,'Ia !,€JIorBot{ xapaKTep. <<Ae,'Iorr, ,ila noune Koroporo oHa'Bo3HI'IKr'la, SBHO O'6rrrecreeHHo-rlod,rHTlrqeoKoe, u UeJI14 InepenIlcKH on'peAeJIfl IoTcfl HM' llnclva HaIIUCaHbI I4MeHHO AJrfl TO1O, rITO6bI CBtr3aTb rrlr4M ,AeJroM>>,

H,ofr qe,'rI{. <<!,eno>>

r4lttr

..i.;Ha:cie

3aH'qTbIX <<06-

"IroAeft, BCe ycI'IJIHfll(OIuHQOpUUpoBaTb o HeM, HanpaBHrE'

[ocroflrHHo Qnrypupye|B III'IcbMax, c HI4\'I raK JII,OAI4, yrloMI'IHaIOUUeCq B HI'{X. 9TO O',6-

cBfl3aHbl BCe

6lt,rO OTMeTIeHO eilIe B 'CeHaTcKOM oIIp€.ll,eJIeHHI'l tno <<fl'peAuer ero nepellll'cKl4 3aKJIlo'qar B ce6e MypaBcKoro: .Ie,ry CTOflTeJTbCTBO

no'npel,IMyI{ecTByyq.pexAeHHeiBe3Ae'|AeToJIbInolBo3Mo)KHo'Boc-

rKpeoHbrx ,urKoJr, .trrreparypuux _c-o6pauuft n eoo6ule pacnpocrpaHeHlre s sa'pole rpaMoTHOCrl'I. HO BCe 3rO, KaK BI'IAHO I'I3 COAep-

)KaHIlfl ilII,IceM ero,

6blro A,'Itt Hero He ueJIbIo, a cpeAcrBoM rBblpa)KeHlllo elo, o6ulero Ae"Ia>> 8.

pa3-

tBLITrLfl, KaKOnO-TO, rIO

6 6 uapra 186l

r. 6onrnoir, naxoAaulnftcs s

ucx,'IbqnreJ'lbHo rpyAHoM Mano o6ulecrgy ll. JaBaA-

Tepr{aJrbItOI\[ nOJIOXeHI4I', OH [rICaJI CBOeMy CopaTHI.IXy

cKoMv: <<... Beab 9To B caMoM 4eae 6yaer cMeIrHo il crblAHo' ecJII'I MbI' eABa alanu'u,uta nepaufi uaf, c[orKHeMcq u [aAeM... He 6yaerr' noAAasarrcs"' Ec.rrn MEr 6yAelt eAunoAyIlIHbI, ecJII{ cTaHeM noAAep}KIIBarb oAI-IH Apyroro' ro H}IKaKfie M'3pbI, HLIKaKOe pacKaccupoBaHue,-HI',IKaKaq CCbIJIKa' HIlKaKat <!!poeuuqua,,rbHarr cpeaa>) HaM He crparuuuu (<Ennoe>-, 1907, Ne 1/13, crp' 198' 203)' ? flucrlaa, nOnaBIIIUe B pyKI,I CleACtBennoi KoMI'ICCHIj' COCTaBJISIOT J'II'IIUb He3HaqareJ,rbHyro qacrb rori nepenucxtr' KoTopylo ne,ir Mypancxufr..HeoAuorparHbre yKa3aHr.rfi Ha oro rzuerorts n o6uapyxenHbrx fl,cbMax (<Elr.noe>, 1907,

N, li

13,

crp. l9l, 202 u

Ap.).

8 <<Bnnoe>. 1907, J\lb l/13, crP. 230

iMypa'nc,rnft He npocro

,B€,rr

rrrep€flrrcKy, orH Hacroilq'u,Bo r.l ttocrofl HHo'y6exAa,'r Apyrllx B Heo6xoAr.rMocru recHbrx cs,qseir. To,rlrKo B oAHoM 'rrlrcbMe lI. 3aea4croMy,or 2l/I-1861 f. oH HecKo,'rbKo pa3 ,Bo3B,pa[raJrcs 'x sroft reve: <<Bu Ao rof,o gaxaHApr{,Iu, r{To

y Bac frBfi.l2cb Aaxe MbIc,]rb, qro... rn€penI{cKI4 HaM rBecTrr rHe crour... flerp Bacn.llesr4q, Bu y,nycrz ilw LB BnAy, rrro, He roeopa roii o qelr ApyroM (o6 erou unxe), ltepettuoKa Heo6xo4lzMa AJrs rrac JII4qHo. Kpoue roro... BH BnAe,'rH, r{To lr IIo qa,crH o,6ulero Aena TBopHTcr MHoro xoponefo... ,Bo ,ecqxotr c,'ryqae Bu ,eu4ure, vro ,nepelucbl,BaTbcfl HaM ecTb o ,r{eM, To, o qeM cB06oAHo tIHcaTb He,'Ib3lfi, tHaM r,I 6ee roro H3,BecrHo r4JIr4 nax<e HerpyAHo o HeM AoraAarbcq :tro KaKoMy-lw6o HaM HaMeKy... ,Bu 3Haere, qro,nepeflHcueo6xoAr.rMa... ec,'rr4 y Bac ecrb o qeM rrr.rcarb, m ,Bcryrrnre .B flepefificKy ,c Kasaurrc, ,6oo6ular?re Bce: fl AaBHo yxe nepenncltBalocb co cryAeHroM KasaHcKoro yHr.rBepcnrera B. A. Masac. cer.rHr,rM. Bcry,nure n Bu Ino 3ToMy aApecy B cHorrreHas c Ka-

xa

gaHbro>>.

3araHqfi,garocl nHCbMo

,cd'ro,BaMu: <<klTa,K,

Bu

6yAere

Lr MHe H ApynrM: Bu nu4ure, qro gro Heo6xoAuuo, rKaK A,rIq Ha,c JILITIH0, raK I{ IIo ApyfHM InpI{qHHaM. llepelu'cra AJrs .,Hac orleHb Bax{,Ha>> I,

nficarb

IJ,e,ra nepenrioKu oflpeAe,'r,qrucl Mypaecrr]M eure 6o.ree roqH,o raM, rAe eMy He HyxHo ,6u,ro y6exAarb ,B calroft ee Heo6xoAHuocru. <<Mu y)Ke 3.HaKoMbr,-rrlr{ca,'r oH 25 rcxa,6pq 1860 r.

B. Masaocetrffy,-:HaAo 3ro 3HaKoMcrBo rlptlMeHlrrb x 4e.ny. lloruuy Bu h qr.rraere renepb Mo€ ru.rcbMo. llo r.rs,Becruuu npzuunalr... (orro.que AoKyyeHra. C. O.) rr HaxolKy, uro xparkocrr - qro, mocbr/'rafl Ko LMHe nuCtua, Brr Erro,rrHe HeodxoAr.r'Ma. fl ynepeH, groM g4yqae cord'ra,[rarbcfl co MHoro>>. 20 aueapn B TgT_e-,6'yAere 186l r. oH rroBropfl.t Mauacceuuy: <<Cuoneulrfl r{pe3Buqaftno seo6xoAnlrrr. floqru He BcerAa Arq 3roro 'yAo6Hbr...- HeJrb3fl nw, Mt4Mo 'Ka3eHHbrx lnoqr, ycrpor{Tb co6crseHHbre>>

10.

.O,6unrpslre,rurcbMa Mypaacroro coAepxa,'ra s ce6e rHe roJrbKo HHQopMaIIuIo 'o ToM, 'rrTo n,peA[pr,IHr,rMaeTgfl rr'o rra,crr.r <<o6ulero Aer'ra>>

B pa3ru,r{Hbrx ,Mecrax, Ho

r.r

npa,KTLIrIecKIle coBerbl. Oco6euso

flpKo gror HarIIpaBJrffror{fift xapaKrep flu,ceM Mypan,cxoro rllpoflBnilcfl,,B rrepelncKe c B. A. Mhnaccbr.rHbrM. lloapo6Haq ry,HQbpMaqLIfl O CBOIIX rItJI?HaX I4 AeJIaX HO.CUJIa B '],I3'BeCTHOft ,Crenenr xa_

paKrep peKoMeHAaunrz B ycrax ,6o.nee o,[brrHoro, qeu MaHacceun, peBoJrrorlnouepa. 'Coo6ryan 20 sHBapfl 186l r. o ,ce,oefi AeqreflbHocru'n 6up,cxe, Mypancxufi ,no4por6n-eft ru,uu,o6paeonr ocBeu{aJr B,ce, .oBq3arHHOe C CO3AaHLIeM BOCKpeCHbIX IIIKOd'I, HaqafioM JI,I,ITepaTyp_ Hux'co6panlrft, 4earellHocrbro yrrr,ur[[{Horo KpyxKa. I4udioouNpoBa.rr n'q4po6uo rr o rrrJr2HdX ua 6y4yuree: <<B ;mreparypHrd 6es-<<6u,roe>, 1907 N! l/13, crp. 193, ro Tan crp. 207, 20S; 218.

xe,

36

lg8,

202.

ceAbr uMeer

6url

eHeceH H HcKaHAepoecrufi s./IeMeHT. B 6.rrnxal.t-

ne'pcneKTi,rBe I{Merorcg ,BocKpecHble ,uIKoJIbI B ocraJIbHbIX Tpex ,{epeBHrrx n yqpe)KAeHLIe JIIrreparypHbIx,6eceA Me)KAy yqeHI4KaMI{ ye3AHoro yqr.urnilla: e 6o,,'Iee orAare:unoft o6urecrsa rpe3'Bocrt{ lre)KAy iKpecTbflrHa MI.I, nolrlyJlfl p urte 6eceAlt- .uo reorp a,SHLI, ecTecTBeHHbrM Ha'yKaM r.r pyccroft lrcTopI{lI B BocKpecHbIX IIIKOJIax, rrl}6;tlrlrHbr€ ,'reKqrrfi>> 11. I4 Aa,ree Mypaecxnli AaBaJr Magaccengy pa3,lllqHbre,coBerEr: o6parzrr'BHLIMaHI{e rHa yr{e.Hl,IKots ye3AHbIX yqu-

ueft

<(rIOKOp,Oqe O6nI4SIlIrlCq C,BO€HHbIM COCr'IOBI-IeM>>, 06parHTb oco6oe BHr.rMaHr.re Ha ye3AHblx yunre,reft H IIorIoB, rK'oropble <<,Boc-

r'II{I]I,

I[ITbrBaroT BCe [OApacrarculee rIOKo,'reHI]e>) 14, <<KpoMe KoTopblx flpo-

B ye3Aax yrHII'BepCI4TeTCKOe AeJI'o .HeKOMy>>, a IIOTOMy <<)KeJrare,rrbuo ,6u,ro 6rr, ulo6u ,Hattpa'BJreHLIe rex I{ Apyrtlx 6bulo TO)Ke yHr.rBepcr.rrercKoe. A rax rKa,K oHr,r no 6o,rruefi qacrfi 6epyr-

IOJI)KaTb

crr H3 yHuBepcr.rreTcKr.rx rzMHasHri H .ceMr4HapHfi, ro xenarer'IbHo ,6ri,lo r6u, .{ro,6H y rex H y A'pyrHX 6u,ro aro HarrpaB,rrerHI,I€>>. Car€AoBaJr[ ri coBeprrreHHo roHKperHbre yKa3aHua: <<Xopouo 6u yul.tBepclrrery c6;rugnrr,cs c ceMLIHapI{eft n araAeuueft, rax oH c6;ru3UJrCfl C O6eHMH f}IMHa3LI"sMi.r, 3aBeCTI{ TaM Kpy)KKI.r: OnUr Xapl-

IKOBA, KI{CBa I,I KA3AIHI IIO,KA3AJI, KAKI,IX E€I'IHKOJI€TIHbIX .PC3Y,]bTATO,B MO)K,HO 3Tr,rilr AOCTr.rfHyrb>>. 14, naXOgeq, ,CnOeO6paSHble B'o[po-

cbr-yKa3aHr.rfl: <<I4sAaercff Jri{ y ,Bac cryAeHrcKuft pyronncHnft xypua;r? Z ecrr Jrr-r cryAeHrcKarr Kacca? He,rles ,'rrd H To 14 Apyroe 3aBecr[ B ,rr.rMrHa3Hflx, ceMr.rHap'r4v v aKaleuuu? Henlsq an

B BOcKpecHbIX III,Ko,laX ['pen'OAaBaTb pycOKyIO :l4cTopl{rc? I4Ae[ IIIan,oea xax 6ttnu 6rr cunr'narilqHbr iHapoAy! Herrsq JrI{ ga'Becrr.I ropoAcKr-re,'rr{TeparypHue co6paHuq... o6ulecrBo Aar pacrlpocrpaHeHHrr rpe3Bocrr.r, o,6qecrno B3aLrMHoro BonoMoulecrsoBaHl4fl>> 12.

3Aecr, 'no cyurecrBy, Aaerorr ueJrafl .rrpofpaMMa, co,craBu,BIIIaq cMbrcJr,rrpaKTr.rqecKoil Aeqre,rnHocrr.r,Kpy)KKo'B, ua'6age Koropr,rx ,Bblp,ocJIa <<3elrrq Ir Bo,'Ifl>>.

B ceula,6pe 1862 r. Mypancxrafi 6u,r apecrona'H euoar. flpn.{fiHoil apecra flB'nJrr.rcb o6Hapyxenubre B 6yuarax ,H. A. CepHoCo,rogsegnqa ,rrucbMa lI. 3asaAcxofo, Koropbre rrrpuBern cJreAcrBeHHyIo xoMnccnrc x Mypancxonay. Ha BropoM cBoeM cJreAcrBarr oH ,IIP.OSBI4JI elqe ,60,.'Ib[Iyrc CT,OfiXOCTb 14 peIXHTe!'IbHO OTKa3a,lCrr orBeqarb ma ,rn6rte Bonpo.cbl, cBs3aHHbre c KoHKperHbrM xapa'K-

repoM erc) Aerrre,rrbHocrli. CreActseHHaq KoMuccr{ff noororry He oMorura yrurqu'Tb Myp aooxoro,B,np'aH ar.ryrelK,Hocrr.r K peBoaroquolr Hot? .oprauz gawrr4. O4Haxo H3yqeHL{e ero trepenficxlt rroKa3brBaer, r{To'o.H recneftruru o6pasov ,6H.lt csqgaH c JrIoAbM]r, ilpr{:HaAr'rexHocrb ,Koropbrx K <<3eung H BoJre>> 60-x roAoe ycraHoBJreHnuir

$axr. 3ru

cBtr3LI q,BflflroTcfl oAHuM r.rg 'BecKHX Aoxa3areJlbcrB ero

rr Tau 12

xe, crp.2l4.

TalI xe, crp. 216-218 37

yqacrH'.fl ,B co3.I,aHr.r?r e,lr.rHoir BCepoccHijicKol'r opfaHr3aql.IH peBo,rrrouHoHepoB.

B nepuo4 1860-186l rr. Mypaecxrfi axrHgHo nepenilcbtBaercr c coparHr.rKoM no Xaplxoecxo-KueecNouy o6qecre-y fl . H. EeKMarHoM, iKoropblfi BlIIocd'reACTB Lru cT a;r pyKo,BoAl,rrer'reli Bo,roroAc'xofo oTr,e,'reHHg <<3eu,ru H Bo,'rH>> 13. 20 4era6pr 1860 r.

EexlraH r.rg Bo,rorAlr ilucar'r fI. 3ana4cr<ouy: <<C .NLypa'acxzlr tl ,rlen'qeuxo ,fl B rflepernucre. Mypaacxuri e ye3AHOM cyAe B Brapcre Open6yprcxofi ry6.>> ra.

Vcrano'erenHo, rlro Alypaecxri:i 6u,r nuqso 3HsrKoM en{e B xapb,KoBcKorKrieB'cKvfr trepilo,{,

a 3are]r

no,1.Iep)KI.IBad'I pery,rg,p-

llerep6yprcKoro KoMHrera <<3elr.nu H ,BoJH>> M. C. fy;reBnr{eM 15. lloc,'reAHuh e 1862 f.,rocJ.'re apecra H. f.HepHbrlreBcKoro, H. CepHo-Co,roBbeBrrqa, C. C. Punrapenxo 6nn us'6pa+ 'B ,cocraB l-lesrpartluoro KoMr,rrera <<3eu,tu 14 eo,'r'H>> 16.

C,re,qyer orMerr.Irb, uro'f y,l eeuu rep,nu ii .BoccraH a B,rr rrB aer'cB rr 3b c Mypancxr.rM B Har{a,re 1861 r., co,Beryrr eMy B cr'ryqae ocno6oxAeHLIT HeMeAJreHHo rnepe6uparbcr n flerep6ypr. B nncbMe ;x MaHaccerrHv or 19 $enpa,rq 1861 r. Mypancxuil Aaer A.rs ceqerz Ka3aHr.r c llerep6yproM r.rMq ly,re,azua (uepea K. I4. Ee"ro3epcKoro I ',. <<Kpoue fyneenua, ,s flerep6ypre eil{e... Pnlrapeuxo>>, - coo6rqa.r Mypancruri 3ana'Acxo'lty 6 'lrapra l86l r. 18. C. PultapenKo cryAeHr Xaplroncroro yH'lr,Bepclrrera, yqacr-'6unurnr1 Hr.{K anpeJrbcKxx'Bo,rrHesuft 1858 r., e 1860-1862 rr. cryAeHr r{eAr.rKo-xHpypruqecNoli aKa,r,elraa, a,xrnsHrrit yqacrHl{K ABH}KeHHq BocKpecHblx [I'KoJI. EllooJle,lcrBvrfi qile+ L]I( <<3er,r,rr ,x iBo.nta>> 19.

B ,n€DI{o.rI 1860-1862 rr. Mv,Daecxrzrl noccraH'o,BrlJr 'c,Bfl3b c 6ornurvra q,'IeHoM XaDrxoecxo-Kueecxoro o6uecrea. a 3areM r{,[eHonr <3en,nr a 'ao.ru> A. TuungcKlllr 20. B ,nncaue or 6 uapra l86l r. Mypaacxuii coo6ura"r 3asaAcxoMy HMfi H aApec ,Koppec[oHfeHra !,Jrfl cBfl,3u c Mocxeor:r. Srnu JrurroNr 6un A. fl. flor{d'reH Kpy)KKa a r.rqHesc,Koro-Ap rnp onyJr'o, B,noc,Ie.r,xp o'ncxrz r?

- ug aiKTr,rBHbIx3Aeqrereri crBHrz oAHH Mo,cxoscxoro orne,reHnq ,Hyro cBfl3b

c

rrJreHo),{

13 Tau xe, crp. 221,223; P. A. T a v 6us. fl. H. Eeruau H XaprxoecxoKnescxoe rafiuoe o6urecreo. B c6. <<Peno,rloquoHrrafl cliryarrurl e Poccnu g 1859-1861 rr.>>. M., 1963, crp. 420. 421. q.

'4 U|AOP, S. 109, 1862. n. 230, 95, n. 19.

15 <<6unoe>>, 1907, J\b 1/13, crp. 198-199; P. A. T ay 6u n. Vxaa. cov., crp.442. lo M. B. Heqxrsa. <<3en,rq rr BoJr)> 1860-x rolos (no c,relcrneuunrr nareoaa,rau). <<l4cropuq CCCP>, 1957. N, I, crp. 112-l 13.

17 <<Bbr,roe>>, t907. Ne t/13, crp. 198,223. l8 Talr >xe. cro. 199.

re P. A. T a.v 6u s. Peno,rrcuuoHep-AeMoKpar C. C. cccp>. 1959. J\b L 20

38

<Bn,roe>, 1907, Nb l/13, crp. 211,214-222.

Pr,rlrapeuxo. <<trlcroirun

<<3elr;rllHtsoJIu>>,npu'co,u.eficrBl{IIKoroporoilpol'l30uJ!'Ioo6beAI4H MocKoBCKoro ee orLe"leunrr'" HeHHe'nerep6yprc'Koro ""'i1;

* Enpcx Mvpaecnnfr inocrapa'1cn-"-t?tl )Ke.Bocpery!'IfipHyIo cBfl3b c ob]Bur[craHo'BL1TL,, a 3aTell ',rloAAep)KlIBaTb o'qnuL 1'13 lloMl.r rrreHaM" xupo*o"''&io-k"*""*otb oour6ti"u' gTor 6ot'r vnonepl4o'l croflHHbtx'*opp"'ano"t"nroe MypaBcKoro B I o'r o o-r p n ro a s il ttH K u n t' C o i o, t. f."d ;;; At'lti ii' * "Heurxofiry6epH'I4Ir,'noc,qeAsHi'taKrI{BHoBK"Ircq'I'lJIcflepa6ory'no " ", " ",i. "'

;;;6"iito

'opraHH3aIIHlt rBocrKpecHblx lIrKoJI, IIbITa"Icfl co3Aarb o16ulecreeH-

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Arq lflpoeKra Mauaccenrny o co3AaHIan a rn cBeAeHv fi >>' Mypaacxull rIoJIe3HbIx aMorHo'crlI rp aHeHIlf npocrp e AeqrenbHocru byayutero o6ueoAHo I.r3 ocHoB,HbIx 'cO'6paur'rfi n ny6'rn'u"u'npuun*nt{ft JII4reparypHbIX yrlpe)KAeHI4II <<'B crBa BuAHr

i.r|itfi>+s."Bbasparrarcb K sroMy nonpocy B rll'IcbMe x Ma""* or 20 nnnapr 1861 r', ott oco6o [oAqeprKl'IBaer 3Har{e"u.""*ny Hrie nllreparypHblx id6pannn AJIn BocnI{raHIIff 'ttpe-noAaearereii ,BOCKpeci{bIX IlI,KO,',i: <<B' eror',r oTHoIITeHHI'I'TIOAaIOT 6onruyio uaAex{Ay

rHar{

aBlrl'lrecfi SAecb JIIrrep aryp HbIe'co6p

a

nna' cKoilbKo

]I'o>l<-

*e, crP. 207. 't T^" Tau xe, crP. 210.

'2 43 Tau xe, crp. 213. aa TartI >Ne; c'rP. 214. a5 Tau xe, crP. 209-210 'B

HO \[peABr.rAerb, orrH

6y,qyr rlMerb xopouee BilprrHHe na 6upcxyro

,r'u'6epannuyrc ,Ilap'I]trc, T. e. Ha Tex, Kor,opbre yqacrByroT B ,BocKpecHblx illxo,r ax>> 46.

B ,uaqa,re 1861 r. Mypaecxuil coo6qaer,s Kaga:Hb o co3AaHnlr n Bzpcxe KpyxKa tzs 'npenoAasarerefi ye3AHoro yqlr,rlrtr1a r{ <<ilx K,oporKI,Ix gHa'KoMbIx>>, B qHC!'Io 'Koropbrx Bxo,qt.{JI ,I,I caM MvDa,e_ cxnft. Os no4po6Ho nu$opunpyer Ka3aHcKylo Mor'roAexo b'rapaKrepe pa6oru 'KpyxKa: B ero nlrcblvre oi ZO fl.H,Bapr 186l r. o6pasrno ottucaHo 'oAH'o lr3 co6pannil KpylKKa, qpiKo xa,paKrepr.{-

3yloqee'cre[eHb,no,rr.rr].rqecKoft spenocrz urrdporKnx KpyroB,cpe.x_

rTCJl NHTC,TNI,IICHIII,IH i4 TE TPYAH.OCTH, KOTOPbIE .BCTA,BAJII{ I]EPCJ lolU{oHep a MII B rl{x [orIbITKax c[,'IoqeHI{9 AeMoKp arur{ecKlrx cuJI ,' .

Tenr anuxa Jrr4 rep a ryp Hnrx,oo6p a,an ii n ue"r a noJrr4r'qecKyro H a _

p eBod'I

npaBJreHHOC$: <<B 6ece4r,r uMeer 6nrr eHeieH Hc"rr4reparypHue Myp aroru ir.,B noc,re,apTBr,rtr oH KaHAep oBcr(uft gneueHr>>,

-,rrHrrrer ,rlpoflBJrfler caMylo cepbe3Hyro aa6ory o coxpaHeHnrz xpyx,xa. llo_ d'ryr{r4B pa3perileu,lle Ha nepeesl n Open6ypf, orH coo6qaer ,s Ka_ 3aHb fiMfi 6npcxoro 'KoppecnoHAeHia yuimeJrfl K. fI. flerpona, rrJreHa r(pyxKa H npocar Manacceu,sa: <<flp.u lx,rHre.croAa rno60,,ruIIIe 3anpeqeHHbrx coqnseulrft... fJraBHbrM o6pasonr raKae coquHe_ Htt'fiJIy)KHbI AJIq 3Ae'IxHefO yrrHrH[IuOrO xpyxNa>> a8.

Eo.nrrroe 3HaqeHr.re npa4anan Mypanc,i<uft cosAaHaro Apyfnx !{Aon o6re4aueuzrt <<,4nR ,'rrcAefi Henbc,e,xqeusux>. 2b aerd6po 1860 r. orH nnca,'r s Kasaut: <<Ecrl cna6an Meqra o6 o6ilfelrea*

Tpe3BOCrH >). B flep nrrE <<cocr aBr,s ercq o6'x{ecrBo rp a MorHocrrr H,rroJregHbrx ,ceeAeuraft... ,KaK ToJrbKo rrporrre,Hue H ycTaB nepeAa,Ayrcfl --pu.n'piilun"_ ,e llerep6ypf, ,r'o,q,Hr.rMercfl ,Bonpoi o,6 s6qsgiu" Hfifl rpe3Bocrr'r..- a raM rroroBapr.{Baror o6 06urecise ,ssaHMHOIO', 'Bcno M'olqecrBos a'HH t >> ae.

B $enpane 186l r. rocJre BbrxoAa .Ho,Bbrx rrpaB,r.rJr o ,BooKpec'HbIX III'KoJIax' KofAa MHOfI'IM H3 grr,rx rrr'raHoB He ,cyxAeHo 6lr,ro ocyulecrBr-rrrca, Myp ancruri, auQop Mr.rpys Ma sa'ccez,sa o Ha Mepe-

Hr{ffx ,rrepMcKofo K,pyx(xa, coo,6u1a,r ,o rBo3,Ii[Kurefi

pe)KAeHI'I'q AoMau.HLIx JrHTep arypHbrx iB€qepoB

JIEHII'I

rau zgee yuc ueJrbro o3HaKol{-

C,OCHO.BHbIM14 ICOBPEMEHHbIM].I BOTIPOCAM.I{,'TIOAHSTbIMI-I B

Jrlrreparype. fl'acrua Qenpa"ra-,Mapra t6Ot a6 Tarvl xe, crp.

213.

r. coAepxanu r,te,o

a7 <<HeAanno, Mypancxufi, 6tr;l cnop... o roM, rrro nyqfie Aec_ - nrca,T rrorr{3M unu cno604a rrs rocyaapcrBa -r{ fAe .ryurire n Aurnuu nrrr'u po..", H cnoplrJrl{ He B BH.tIe a_ cepbe3Ho, MflaAeHqecrBo caMoe nepeo6orrHoe! _rxyrKr,r,

u

ABoe orcragBa,ru cro6o4y AHr,rurc, oKoJro nflTlI 6unu nporun'"roro, o._ raJrbHHe qerBepo... o6uapyxu,ru ra.yro He[puBbrqKy K noAo6ir'ru 6e."aa*, uro g [oJIoxLITeJrbHo orKa3brBarocb.p_emlzTb, rrro ogrr oao6paror: 4ecnorusr,r' r.r " iroc_ clro lnu cno6oAy ra Anr,ruro>^ (<iBu,r^oe>, l9g7, Ns iii.3,'irp. ZTai.

- ""

.4 <Euroe>,-1907, Ne l/13,'crp. {e Tau xe, crp. 210.

44

Zt+,'ZlS.'-'

opiaHH3arlhH nporecra nporl'IB crecHeHHft H 'OrpaHHqeHHft xpecHbtx tuKoJl

BOC-

bu.

Pe$opva l86l r. fl'Ba,'Iacb ceoeo6pasuult 'py6exorl 'B pa3BI{I,I Ta|KTI4qecKI,IX IIIpH'IIqI,IrIIoB peBoJltotll,lottttofi

THH nlp,o|paMMHbIX

,co,lJlacH'oe jl,eMol{paTI4l.t. <<PaspenreHxe KpecTbfl}IcKOrO lBOiIIpOCa, .He 'co 'c'ilpa'BeAJI'I,ITBbIMH rpe6onauunNII'I 'KpecrbflH>>' fl'Bl4Jlocl, no co6-

crBeH.HoMy npH3*IaHI'Ilo Mypaecxoro, oAHoil'I'I3 -fiplltlug' oKonqa.Teirbiio yKpell].{Brur{x erlo B peBod'r}oqr4oHH,oM o6pase MblcJ'Ieft 51.

Bu,pa6orxy Hoeo}'t .raKrl{qecKoir .n.uuuu'np[xoAI'IJIocb ocyqecTB.JIflTb B,C,rOXneftlrelr O6Cra'HOg,Ke, KOfAa OAHOBpeMeHHO nepeIIJIeTa.rl,trCb KpecTbgHOKOe, CTyAeHqec'KOe H'HaIIiloHa!'IbHO'OCBO6OAt4TeJrbHoe .ILBIi)KeHHfl. B nilcume 'x 3aeaAcroMy or l0 orra'6px

186l r. MypaeCrNft ,npOfllBJl'|fler caMoe rnpI{CTa,'IbHOe BHI.{MaHI{e KO ,scern ,euAiM o6ulecrseHHoro rrporecra rofo ,BpeMeHI.L _14M orMe{eHbr ,rr.oJrbcKlre IaHHxI{Alt 's /vlocrBe, llerepi6ypte i'{ Kueee, eoc-

,craHI,Ie rKpecrbflH B 6e3AHe, rIIzH14XI{,.I18 'Ka3aHoKIrx'cryAeHToB' 'cry-

reHqecKlle BoJIHeHI{n e llerep6yprcKoM yHl{Bepcnrere' apecrbl B Mocxee <<flo rIIoBoAy ;rnrorpaQnft>> I1 T. A. BnocneAcrBI{I'I B 'rloKasaHlrflx Mypancruii Ao'6a8,'rqeT K Hr4N{ <<CTeCHeHHe 'BocKpecHbIX III,KOT'r>),

<<[OCTynrK]t [pa,BHTe,lbCTBa

B

'fIO,'Ilule>>, InOReAeHI'Ie pyC-

cKoro rrlp?BIIT€JIbcrBa, II'o 'or'Ho[IeH14IO 'X fepqeny I,I ofape',By, KreBery Ha cryAeHqecKoe ABI4)KeH,l{e, orcyrcrBl'ie f,'IacHofo'cyAonpo-

B cTI4X YC''I'OBI4flX }IM .,.iLe,taeTcq 'BbiBoA. <<B 'garue '|BpeMfl 'Ar'Ifl AocTl'Ixenuft 'HssecrHoi1 Ue!'Ia OrpaHI'IqHBaTbC's [yTeM MeA"IeHHbllvl, nyTeM pacnpoCTpaHeIH3'BOACTBA TO IIIOTIITIIqECKI'IM AEJIAM

I{ T. A.

A2.

rnp,r.rrrrdro BpeMfl OrKpbIrbIX H HeIByCMbI'CJ'IeHHbIX AefiCTBI'rft, KOTOpbIe',He oKoJIbiIbIMI',l IIyTfi MII' a [p'oAo'rnpq 1ro 6rr x,satao'I'14'cb 3a qe,'Ib-.. orxpltrue Aeft'CTBHfl '

Hafi o6pa3oBa:H:/.tl ,He uAer. Tenepl

Heo6xoAIiMbI LI [o.;Ie3Hbl 'rloT'ol'lY, qTO XOTb OH'H qACTI'I BO36YX{AAIOT HO HCYAAIIHO, ,OKAHI{I,IBAIOTC''I rrO 6O,TITUCTI ,ny6,'rl4Ky. flyrl'uapo,lHoro o6p a3o'B3 HIfl 'IIP I'I 3ro M, KoHe'I{Ho, ro)Ke .1o,l)KeH HITH- 3TO y)K CaMO cooot'{>> "". )KaeT o.H Aa,'Iee,

tr4snecrno, Ka'Koe 3HaqeHi'le np[Aa'Bar'Ifi rHAepbI ]peBoJlloulloH-

HO-AeM'OKpaTl4qecKorro d'Iafe_pfl IIpeA'bfl'B,'IeHHI'O 'QOpMa"Ib'HbIX rpe-

6osanuia barr,ro4epxa'B'Irtlo. OqeBl'IAHo, 3rH I{AeH 'Hax'oAI'I"tu Ixl4poKoeDacnDocTDa'HeHHeI{'cpeAI,IpflAOBbIxyqacT'HI,lKoBABhxeHHf.

tO

ofrs6ps tgOt r. Mypancxnfi'nucan 3asaAcxol{y:

<<Xoporuo 6bl

ec.nn ,6 IIpnMepy TBep,cKoro r.r B/-raAr4M'HpCKOTO .ABOpsI{CrBa IIOCJIerI{ Apyrue coAOBa"il4 'He roJib'Ko ,AsopsHe Apyrllx ry6epHlti:r, HO c.;t'oBr,rfl

-

3arlpyAurr r6u rpe6oeaHllev ce6e peQopM,

ocHoBaH-

Tau xe, crP.223.

Tau xe, crp.225.

Tau xe, crp. 204-205, 225. si Tav xe, crp. 205.

50

51 52

45

Hbrx Ha caM.oynpa'B,rreHr.rH. yHnBepcrlTeTa\{ c,'re.I,yer [oTpe6o'BaTb..peQop M,

o cHoB a

HHbrx,Ha ca Moyn,p

aB,'r

eH,r.r H

>

54.

tr4urepecHa orIeHKa, AaHHafl Mypaecxnlr raKoMy xpynHeliure-

uy n o6ulecrBeHHo-rro,rnruqec'xoii >xIz3Hrl Poccxu co6nrrnrc, xaK cryAeHqecKoe ABr.r)KeHHe n flerep6ypre oceHbrc l86l r. Ona co-

or l0,oxrs6pff, r. e. cnycrq rrpaMepHo l5 rHeft flBlflercfl ,B H3,BecrHoir vepe caMocroqrerbHorl. Hanoyuus o eax.Hefrrulrx co6urr.rrx iB o,6qecreelrirori x'asHlt, Mypa'ncxufi nuurer: <<Bce ero Hr4qro B ,cpa,Bne.Hull c noc.reAuet? HoBo,crbto, c grHM rIepBbIM qBreHr.reM ApaMbr, c Ha-

Aepx{r.rrcn B,rri.r,cbMe

'iloc,'re co6lrrzft u rnogToMy

cTyntr,Brxa

M yxe,Ha'K,ol{eq,cToJrb Ao.rIIo o)KuAaeMbrx,t HacTofl IqI{x,r

[oMse .Ka)Kercr, sro

Ae!'roNr, r{eabio: 3aKpbrrr,re llerep6y,prcKoro yHt4,Bepor.ITera,r{

c.leAcrnIaq

erori ueo64ylrauHoft

rua"rocru...

AOdIIXHO nOAHfTb ,B'Ce ).tHI{'BepCHTeTbI, OH'II AOd.IXHbI 'BCTy,IIIITbCfl 3a lierep,6yppcxuli. Mox.er u lftlrep, BocrroJrb3oBa,Bur.{cb norKa XeJIe3O ropqqO, rnpH,CTIIIIIT 'npflMO K ,rleJrr.{... nO Moelry MHeH,t{rc,

6trrl

c/'reAyeT 06 ernx np_onc,mecTBraax rpy6nrb, pa3yMeeTcfl, c HyNiHbr}Ilr KoMMeHTapHflltH>>

55.

nr.{cb},re x 3a,ragcKoMy Mypae,cxafi tsbrABnfaer o rrp fl Mo u o6p auIeHil n K Ha p oAy c lpeBor'r rouaon.soir aruraq,ueri H npolaraH.qofi: <Xopotuo r6br,'ro ,6r,r usAa'sarl ,c6r_rpHuKH A.ns ,npocrofo HapoAa, cocraBJreHHbre rr3 /'ryqrxr4x cTareii B TIPOSC I{ B CTI4XAX C NOIIYJISPHUVI'I O6'NgCHCHHfMIH ,HEIIOH'ITHbIX Mecr... O6paso,naHuaa rny6,ruxa ylKe He Hy)r(Aaercq ,B raKux BeIqax, Haq14ra,rracb a rrpo'croMy-r'o HapoAy Hy)KHo ,6u>> b6.

B yc,ronuax ocrp eriurero fi.o,r'r.rr,'qecKoro Kp ].r3 r4 ca oKoHq are,,rbHo cKdIIal.ilbIBar'Iocb lI]per,craBr'Ie,H,I]e o pe'Bor]oqr.rr[ KaK erAI,IHcrBeH-

T'or4a iKe B

rlp eAJro]Ke-Htr4,e

HO B'O3MOXHOM,BbIX,OAe I,I3 CO3Aa,BIUefOCfl IIO,1O,)KeHI,r,q. <<HaCrOg_ rrlrze rr,or'rr.rraqecKae y6ex4eHn,n>>, KoTopbre Mypa,a,cxzrl o6tqeHjr

cJreAcrBeHHo[ xouncczH Ha A0rlpoce 13 .oxrq6pa lg62 r. 3arK,irroB ,cdTeAyroqelr: <<,B nocJreAHue rp,H xJrH r{erbrpe roAa fl npulxeJr K TBepAoMy y6ex4enzrc, r{ro or py,cc,Koro ,lpa,BuTeJrbcr_ rraJru,cb

ea (no4 ,HMeHeM Koroporo [oHaMa]o riMneparopa r,r Bcex HbrHe CYUICCTBYIOIII'I{X,BJIACTCII) rNO4.E,rA,CTHbIC CMY HAIIIOHAJIbHOCTH,HC

r

AoJIlKHbr o)KrlAarb,HarKaKax cyulecrBeHHo_fl o.[e3Hbrx npeo6p aeoe a _ Ht4it, raw KaK npaB',IT.JIbcr,Bro He uMeer gn cnoco,6,goco", )Kedtra_ HLIq'cAeJrart ur'o-H,rz6yAb rtoAoi6Hoe A,qx rH2ps^a ,tr !rro eAHHCTBeH_ "ri Hoe CpeAcTBo K rllgpQl,leHe .CyU,eCTByrOqerO [opsA,Ka

y

OCTaerCH, rro

rc, nyrb,H a ca Jr tcrgeHHo rZ- p eao,r rcqv,rE >> 57.

I4 ntnap.n l863 r. s c,or6clseHHopyu,no*r ,oco6olr Ao,'o,rHr.rreJrb_ HOM r[Oxa3aHlla Mypancxuft eqe pa-s-,no4rnepAr{Jr, qro ror <<o,6paa r,r

oer.{

5a 55 56

s7 46

M HeH

r-r

Tam xe, crp. 204.

Tau xe.

Tan xe.

Tau xe, crp.

205.

IIOJ'II,lTHqecKHX Aei{cTBHfi' XOrOpOr',ry oH coriy'B'cTByeT>>' 3aKirloqaerB ToM, rITo <<Ad'I{fl Poccan B Hacroflxree BpeMfl eAI{HcrBeHHoe Ir

ct

TIIOJIOIKe-

caMoe HaAelKHoe cpeAcTBO eltftrn Ii3 CBOero Tfl)Ke,'IOro HI'Ifl 3aKrrIOqaercfl B Hacll,'IbcreeHHOfi peBo"Ircqfia' T' K' lls leiicrenft npaeltreJlbcrBa BI'IAHo, 'rITo oHo, BolrlepBbIx' He yMeer cAe"Iarb'

HHqeto cyqecrBeHHO-l[oJIe3HOrO AJIfl HapoAa, BO-BTOpbIX' He xorler oTKa3aTbcfl or cBoefo AecloTZ3Ma' rlloqeMy R caMl{x 'npeo6paeoea58' HI,Iflx cBollx ofpaHnql'IBaercfl {rloJiyM€pa'uu>> cyqecrBa peBocaNlofo gru rIoHI4MaHrne yr,ry6l{r'Iocb rogrl B Jrroqu,olHHoro nepeBopora.

,Bclblx,uBanu{eM

<<B ,OAI.IH

or

npeAcTaBJIeHIlf o peBo.Ilrcqnu KaK o AeHb>> noA Br'II'IqHI'IeM npo-

rnpeKpacultft

xranaunft raftnoro o6ureirsa- BoccraH'HI'I KpecrbflH Mypa'ecruili 'cToJ'IKnpH6nuxa,rorr K IIOHnMaH'rlrc peBoror{HH Ka'K pe3y,'IbTary '11porgubgennn caMblx pa3r,I14,qHbIX COqUa,'rbHbIx I4 ['O,'ILITI'tqe'cKr'IX soDeq,flft. ^Tarnn

o6pasou, ecJII,I rHaIlI,U AaHHbre He II.O3,BO,'ItIIOT KaTefopllqecKl{ yr'Bep)KAaru Qopuanl-Hoft 'IIpu'HaA,lle)KH'ocrl'I M' A' Myp anoKofo K <<3ellne r{ BoJre>> 1860-x roAoB, To xapaKTep efo AefreJlbH,ocrrd, Kp yf cBfl 3efi , uanp a'rneune -I'rAetluoil e'eonnql4l4' Ha[IeA[Iee spKoe orpa)KeHI,Ie B nepel[cKe, y6eAureflbHo'cBl4Aere"IbcrBylor o TOM, ilTO OH rIIpl'IHflJI CaM'Oe aKTI'I'BHOe yqaCTI{e

'e

npOUeOCe c'o6'U-

paHr,rfpeBoJIIOUllOHHbIXCHJII'IMeHHOHaTONI3Ta'ne'KorAaco3AaBa Jr acb nep,B aq ecepoccuircKafl p eBoi-rroq_rroHHa,fl op raHI,I3 al{hq. B ce 3To rlo3,Bo,'Iser ,ro'Bopl4Tb o He\'I, rar o6 oAHoM I{3 BblAalourl'lxcr .u,egre,reft o6ulepocc1tftcKo1o peBo,II1gqnoHHoro ABII111eHI'Ifl SnOXIt

neprofi peBoJII,oqnonHoft cnryaunn.

58

Tan xe, crp.207.

vAK

947.081.2

fl

. E.

PaduuaBri,t

PEBOJIIOUHOHHAT nPOnATAHAA CPEAH PAEOTIUX YPAJIA B 70-80-x rOAAx XIX BEKA Bonpo,c o peBoJrlorlJ.ronn'ori ,IIPoIIzrf?HA€ cpeAr.r pa6ounx rHa Haqar'rb'H'oM 3Tane

pa6oqero ABH>xeHI,tfl

s

Poccnu [pI{,BJreKaJr x

,ce6e

III III.}IPO'KO OCBCIIICH.B JIA-pa6orax Teparypel. I( coxa.neHuro, B 3rr{x nni6o soece He HarJJra orp a iKeHur r4cropur p acn'pocrp arHeHHfl peBoJrroqfi o,uusrx r.r4eft cp e.u,u pa6ouux crapefiurero i[poMbrlureHnoro paftoua ,crpaHbr - Vpana, ,rn6o coAep)Kar'cfl JI,uIIIb rKparKHe ynoMI,IHauul^ d6 orAer'Ib,Hbrx BHI,IMAHII{C

MHO|IIX

COBCTC(KHX HCTOP'H,KOB

rpaxrax noAo6soro poAa

2.

B

,nocneAsee BpeMfl rlro oroMy Bonpocy BbrflBr4Jrr.rcb ABerfiporzBorro.rro>KHbI'e roqKLr 3peHHr. rB. E. 9ernH, HccJreAoBanuruft ucrop n r,o H a,q ar,'rbHof o STSrrra 6opr6u yp aJrbcl{ofo fi,poJreTapfiaTa, rrpHmeJ'r K BbrBotAy, qro HapoAHur{ecKoe ABI{xeHr4es4ecl <<ne6HJrocBfl3a'Ho c pa6,outrlr ABltxeH'r{e}r>>3. Asa.noflqnoe MHeHr.re o noJr,HoM (,i.Ir 14 roqru Inor HoM ) orcyr'crBnrz cs,sseft MelKAy peBoJrrorlr4 onep aMr.t u ypa,'rb,cKrrM.H pa6ounvn ,g 70-90-x m. XIX B. ,BbrcK832Jr3

T. K. fyclr<oea a. I4Hyurro3z{rlrc 3aurr,'r [. B. faepr.r.aoe. B 4nyx ero,cra rbrrx, rt,o cBq[IeHHbrx p a gHoquHcKo My 3Tany,oc,so6oAl{rerlHolo ABHlKeHr.rq Ha Vpa,re, yrBep)KAaercg, qro peBoaro[]roHHafl nponaraHAa Ha Vpane ,B 3Tor rrepu'o4 3arponyJra <<He roJru(o ropoAcKylo HrHTeJIrtLIreHI{tIIO, HO,tr MaCCy TOpHO3aBOACKOTO,HaCeJreqro s 70- Ha'qaJr.e 80-x rr. <<npolaraHAoli peeonnqr4oHHbrx I{ap'oAH;lKos 6L,tnu ox,BaseHbr noqrn ,Bce rop,oAa... flepu,croft rvi{rrs>>,

6epHun... r.r MHorne

aa,nogu>> 5.

pa6orrr B. I,rI. Heacroro, A.

M. Ilanrparosofi, lII. M.

^ A.t9,t.

3. {oponuqyb 6_: C. I,lren6epra, O. A. Coro.nona u 4p. _^^^2 Cn.: .Q. A, C oK_orr,oB. !a _sapg pa6o.lero Asu;Kenrs e pocclru. M., 1963, crp. 129-130, 177-178; E. C. I4r'eu6epr. Ileprufi I,Inrepuauaoua,r u

pe^Bofrouuousaq Poccaq. M., 1964, crp. 60.

3..C6opHux MarepnaJroB uayuHofi ceccnll By3oB

ro parloua. a_

rirn 48

Hcrop_u-uecxue Hayxn. Crepa.noacx, <<}1icropun CCCP>, 1963, Nb 2, crp. 230.

t A:.8.- f anpu.rron. O Ha Vpane.

B xn.:

Vpa,rtcxoro i963, cip.2T.

gKoHoMuqecKo-

Hexoropslx Borrpocax HapoAHl.rqecKoro ucropuu Vpa,ra>, Ilepvit, 1966, crp.

<<Bonpocul

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bl7:

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qro B

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Aep)KarH.ne' peBoJrrorluouuoft nponaraHAbr Ha y,pa,'rbcKllx 3aBoAax. Teu He ,'vleHee'ficcJIeAoBaTe,IIF, Ao,'rxeH ,crofrb Ha noqBe rlpo'BepeH-

Hbrx u xpnrnudcxu npoa,Had'Ir43r.rpoBaHHbrx Qarroe.

Hacrosnla,s crarbrr paccMarplrBaer Bonpoc o peBoJrIoIII4oHVpa,ra (rouHee, 'fleplrcxorl ry6epnnu) s 70- HaqaJre 80-x roAos XIX s. B ee ocHoey rror'ro)KeHbt MaTepuar'IbI IIeHTpaJrbHblx I4 MecTHbrx apxI4BoB, Korooble .BKr'rroqaror Ka,K,Hcr,oqH,nrrn o$uqnar'rbHoro npo[cxo)KAeH]rs (rnran,ofi nponaraHAe cpeAr4 pa6'ouax

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repfl.

3a4aua peBoJrrorrl4onuofi nponaraHAbr cpeAr.r pa6ouzx Ha Vpa-

,re 6rr.ra

Bnep,Bbre rBbrABr4Hyra Exarepran'6ypfcKrrM,HapoAHHqe6. B ,Cd'Ie/l,CTBeH.HbIX Marep,i{aJIaX OTMeqar'IOCb, qTO sror KpyxoK craB,ri,'r ceoer? ued'rbro <(Hr.rcltpoBep)KeHr.re'cyuleclBy]oil{ero ,nopflAxa .Berqeft>>, A,'rfl qero [pr{3Har ueo6xoAnrauM <<e,'rnflTb

,oKIaM Kp',y)KrXOl,I

xe.

Ocso6o.4nreJlbr.roe ABlrxeHrze ua Vpane B pa3Hoqr{HcKofi ra,ru 6ypxya3Ho-AeMoxparnqecKr.rfi nepuo.4 186l-1895 rr. B rn. <<Hexoropue BoIIpocbI coqua.rrbHo3KoHoMr.rqecxoft ucropuu Poccau>>, Bopouex, 1971, crp. I16.

6 Crnl.: 6. P a 6HHoBLru. Exarepuu6yprcxuii peBo,'rorrHoHHo-HapoAHr.r-

f.

uecxuri rpyxox (1871-1875 rn.). <<VqeHste 3arncKLI ro>, r. XVII, nnn. 4, flepur, 1961.

4

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/Ha Ha,ceJreHLIe BoodIIIe H Ha pa6oqvi4, Kilacc rnpeuMyIIIecTBeHHo>> qeJlb <<KoHerI'H crp erM afl flo,a a,xrloqeHru Io r)K 2 HAZ p MciKo f o Ao3H a H,H fl , qrd6lt qJIeHOB <<IloMofarb HapoB ToM, cocroqr'Ia KpyxKa JreHr.Ift>) Ay, o[o,co6,cTBOBaTb 'BceMIl cll,.'laMI'I ero o6pa,aoBaH]IiIo ,t',t ocso6oxr8. a6unro pa6oqnx t3-troA fHera Kallrtira"Ia>> Haxoseu, ,B ,rIo'Ka3aHHqTO qd'IeHoB 3aAaqeit Couua.rouotl raKxe loBopI'IJIOCb, KpyxiKa flx tlpoIIafaHAbI oHH cllr.rTaJII] <<rIoAHgTLle yp'oB.H'fl o,opa3oBaH'lrfl pa6o,rero KJIacca rr 3areM gMaHcnnaqfirc efo or rex HeBbIFoAHbIx ycroBraft, B KoropbIX oH... HaxoAl.{Toq>> e.

B reqeu'ue ,HecI{o,'IHKax ,rer ErarepnrH6ypfcKlll? ,xpyNox (xpy-

xoK AeitcrsoBaJr c l87l no 1875 r.) peBoJIIOqUOHHO-AeM'OKpaT,l'I'qeCKllx

H

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ii

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HgslqHoxoro ru B.-Typu'Hrcx,oro

gaB,oAorB 10.

Mbr 'HaxoAr.rM r.r B rBoofloMr.rlHaHlrflx C.

CBnAere,'rbcrBo 3roMy

C. Cr.trery6a

11.

O4ua,xo ycraHoBHTr, [rp,oqHbre cBq3H c pa,6,ou'urau r{JeHaM Kpy)KKa He yAaJrocb. C. C. Clr,nery6 B ,BoottoMr4HaHn,flx c <<r{yBCrB'OM AO'CaAbI>> OTMeqaJI, qTO eMy 'He'[pIIIIJI'OCb 3aEeCTrH TeCHbIe

3HaKOMCTBa C SaBOACr(Zl.tn 'pa6OUtt'r,ril ,S HesrfllHcKe. (<rBcrly[a,'r f ylKe rB pa3foBopbl l.t . c pa'6outr,Ml,I, oH, ec,rlu '6u rtr'p,o)Kr4rb 3Aecb-,n, uHe 6ecnpertqrcTBeHHo 'rrpr4rlrJrocb -,orMerlaJr eule ,c ]Tecrrq (C. C. C,rlnery6 Hax,oAl4Jrcfl re HeersncKe c KOHqa lrloH.rr no ,Haqaro aarycra lB72 r.

P.), q BceHe,rrpeMeHHo 3aBer 6at 6nuz-.fl. gHaKoMcrBa KHe n c HHMu>> 12.

B nepo'oft rroJroBLI,rH€ 70-x roAoe Apyrile Saxru peBoJrroui.{ouHofr rrtpotraraHAblHa ypa,'rbcKr.rx 3aBoAax HaM'Heu3BecrHbr. E o.n ee yofl eIuHbIe rlr p es y!'r br arr.rrB Hbre n orrbr rKr.r Bnecrr.r p eBoJr Io rlr.roHH,o-AeMoKpaTHqecKHe I{,corlr4arr4,cTr.rqecK,H e n leh ts p a6,oqyro 7 U|AOP, 109, 3 ercn., 1874, a. 144, ,rr. 305.

8 II|AOP, 0. 109, 3 ercn., 1871, l. 76, q. 2, n. l2B. 0. s

Tan )Ke. Jr,'r. 122 o6.-123.

r0 Cu.: <Il,lA TACCP, g. 89, on. 1, a. 1609, ,r"r. 4-15; t{fAOP, 0. 109, 3 excn., 1874, 144, s.4,.rr.rr. 304-306; 0. 109, 3 ercn., 1871, a. 102, a.22.

t.

Cu. raKxe: O. L. C o r o,r o s. Vrae. coq., crp. 129-130, 177-1781E. C. Ul r e n 6 e p r. Vxas. cou., crp. 66. tr C. C. C u n e r y 6. Bocnolrr.rHaufiq qaftxoeqa. <<Ebr,'roe>, 1906, J\b 8, cro. ' 1246.C. C. C n n e r y 6. Bocnolrusauuq qarixosua. <<bu,roe>>, 1906, iNe 8, crp.

50

49.

cpery 6unn npe4npnHsrbl 'ua Vpane Bo Bropoil'fio'r''IoBI'IHe 70-x roIoe. Han6oJlee xapaKTepHbIe I{3 I{3BecrHbIx c,'IyqaeB I'IMe;I}I }'Iecro Ha KHHoecKoM'H Pexescxorl 3a'BoAax, re Kynrype u 'flepllt't.

B arnrycre 1876 r. Ha KHHosct<rfi aasoJ, Crporra'Hoeqtx rpll: exan cTvAenr flelpo'e'cxofi genueAellqecrofi a KaAeIt'HH,'6lteilfi fi neprtrcrift ceMgHapl,tcr I,I. A. Jlro6nuor. Euy yAaJl'o'cb y'crp'orrFjctt

yquTeJIeM iB 3aBoAcKyIo IlIKoJIy, ycTaHo.BIlTb OBql3b c MecTHbIMI,I c ]eflTe;IflMl4 Ir Hal{arb flpofiafaH.[,y cpe,n.u pa',6ouux. ou 'npono4un qHTa,'I rycrHble,6eceAH, arI{TauI'IoH' HapoItHI{qecKI{e I'IM p a6ouumn irne 6pouropu (<<Xurpaq MexaHI.{Ka> 14 Ap.). flponaraHAucrcKas AefTeJrbHocrl tr4. Jfto6nMoBa Ha KHHoecxdM 3aBOAe npoAoJIx{a,racb oKoJIo rpex Mecq[ea (e Hoa6pe l876'r. ou 6u,r apecroean). Bpnl nr{ MO}KHO ,fOBOpI{Tb O ee uplpoKoM pa3Maxe, Ho <<BHHOBHOCTS>> JIio-

6unosa B rrpornafaHAe cpeAr.r pa6ounx 6u,ra 'npnsnaHa

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13. flpu apecre y opfaHaMl4 <<coBeplueHHo ycraHoB"IeHHofi>>

uero 6dno o6napyxeno 6onluoe KoJr'r{ecrBo Her're,ra,'rbHori Hap oAHr4qecKoft ,trurbp aryp sr ( uouep a )K'ypfi a,'I a <<B'nepeA>>, 6porurcp a <Xurpan ltexannxatt I'I Ap.), a ral{)Ke <<Karnura,l>>, <<I('xpurnxe no,wrrnqeCxOft 9KOHOMI,tu>> K. Mapxca I{ TerpaAI.I C 3a[Il{cflMH lIIo,'I1zTaKXe Tr4 qecKofo xap a KTep a. <<BeulecrseHHbre Ao'Ka3 aTeJrbcTBa>>, a pa6oqux .i4 [rp'HrB,iIeqeHHbIX'K Ao3Ha'HIlrc noKagaHl{fl .[ro6nMoea pacKpbrBalor e o6u[x qeprax efo B3r,'IflAbI 'I'I 'COAepXaH[e rex u4eft, ror,opble

ro'H

rIpoBoAI.IJI cpeAI'I paooqfix.

14' Jlto6{Ntosa xa'x y6excyirlecroyrcqefo c1lpos. B ero 3anrncqx yAe-

3ru uarepnanu xapaKrep'rr3yI'or .leHH,olro ntporxrB,Hr{Ka

tltpl,t11'1Ke aHTH,'I€HO MH0IO BHI'rMarHl'lfl O6,1ltqe'H'l'Irc CalMOAep)Ka'BI'Iff,

Hapo,lttofi cyxrHocrl'I rocyAalprcrBes'soft tg"la'crl'I 's Poccnl4' O'H 'orMer{ar, qro <<focyAapcreennuft nopq,AoK...'He Aony'cKa€T'Hrl{'KsKoro qeJroBeqecxoro pa3BHTI'rg e o6uecrBe u pa3opser-HapoA>>' qro <<pyccKoMy HapoAy rlop-a 'noKoHqHrb cqerbl c Polta'HoebIM'H>> u'

i. l.

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cKpbI'BauI'cBol4x y-6eN4e-

ulirl o6nuqan o6uecreeHHuft n rocyAapcrreenHuit'crrp'oft Po'ccvt n. flporHeHtlx caMoAep".aBI"Iff I4 cylqecrBYtoullx nopqAKoB B POCCI11 .IIrO6uruOs BbICKa3bIBa,'I CBOe OTpI'lqaTSJIbHOe OTHoIIIeHr{e K 6ypxyasHoMy crpolo u 6ypxyasHoMy rocyAapcrBy 3anaaa. B cBol,tx IIoKa3aHI'Iflx oH 3agBdlfi"I' qro pa3oqapoBaJlcfl B BosMolKHocrlr Ilpofpecca B llHrepecax HapoAa e 6ypxyasHstx crpaHax. <<...Co npeuenn Spanuyscxoli peBoJlloquu u co3AaHl{tl N

Auepuxancxux CoeAuHeHHbIx Lllraros, - roBopI4JI oH, - MHofI{e ueprz.rnt B Bo3MoxHocrt 6yAro 6u nporpecca AJIn 6fiara scex' Ho renepr r{oxHo cKa3arb, tITo nporpecca Her, r'tJrr4 oH ecrb Bote

qfl4A,

1405, on. 521,

r.

395, ,rn.

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0. la Pyronucu 14. ,rlrc6umona sauu ne o6uapyxenr,r. I(parxoe ilx coAepxaHHe H3IOXeHO B panopre nlr-oKypopa KasaHcxoir cyle6noii nararbl MI'lHI'Icrpy rocrHur.rl. Cu. I-lfHA, S. t405' on. 75, n.7148, ,'r.n. 4-5 o6. i4

DI

n!'rolreHze B o6xlecrBeHHble SopNrbr Hec,npaBeAJrI{BocrH>> 15. Ou orMer{a,'r,

qro }r B orr.rx crpaHax cyulecrByroquft crporl Hocijr

Ha-

cunbcrBeHHlrir, axcn.lyararopcxarl xapaKrep: <<Bce npanure.rrbcrBeHHbIe Cr4JIbI X(?r,lU H >KHByT XT.iIIIHHqeCTBOM, OIIAparlCb Ha IIO;1lrUHIO Ir SOftCKO.., rIIpaBllTer'tbcTBeHHbie BJIacTH>> CJIy)KaT'6OtarUu <<A.nq BbICaCbIBaHvfl KpOBi.r MHJTJTIIOHHbTX MaCC...

opyAHe AJrq carbHbrx ,IlpHrecHrrrb cr'ra6brx>>16.

3aKOH €CTb "{i4ltrrr

B cyx4eHHsx .IIrc6una-oea orpa3ur'rocb HeKoropoe B,rrHflHI4e Ha Heto aHapxlrcrcKux uAefi. B ero rerpaAflx 3Haqurer'rbHoe Mecro 3aHLlMa,'IH 3aMerKll. BbInHCaHHble rr3 corrnHeHuri M. 6axyunga. lny6oxnft r.rHrepec. npoflBJtrr,lt ,IIro6Hrr.roe x pa6oveuy Bonpocy. Cpe4u ero pyKonucHbrx 3aMeroK 6unu o6napy)KeHbr raKze, B KoropbIX roBopLLIIocb <<o 6e4creeHHoM IroJIo)Keltr4r.r Kpecrbfltr-

cKoro cocr'toB1fl u par6or{efo Kdracca s Poccnl,{...>> 17. Ceol.rn c.lyrrare,rrflM .IIrc6r.rMoe foBopr.rJr o rqlKeroM noJroxeHr.ur pa6ouHx, o TOM, qTO yflyr{txr.rTb 3To rlro,'to}Ker{ne MoxHo ToJIbKO,[yTeM COrIUaJrb_ Hofi peno.nnuull,,qro <<Hyx<uo cBep tnyrb inp aBl,rre,'rF,crBo, yHI4r{To;'I(r.rTb AyxoBeHcrBo, He rrJarzrb rnolarefi r.r HapoA 6yger 6oraqe>> 18.

On paanunaJr rrepeA, pa6oqri,Mr.r nporpaMMy 6yaytrl-e.o ycrpofrcrea o6qecrea B Ayxe HapoAHr4r{ecKoro coqua,'rr.r3rvra. llo noxasaHraFo pa6ouero ,rl. Harurona, Jlrc6uuoB foBopri,r, irro <<>Ku3Ht pa6oqax Mo)KHo 6u 6uno Jryqile ycrpor.rrb, cr'reAyer roJrbKo yHlrrlro}KI,ITb :nPABI]TCJIbCTBO, AYXOBCHCTBO, HC 'lt,'IATI,ITb NOAATCfT Z XUrN ge6o,rrruulrn o6uecreaMu, Koropste 6lr Ae,rrlr,rru MeIKAV co6ori csolt 6orarcrBa>> 19.

BnrcxasHeaHlrq I4. JIro6H[,roea o6Hapvxnearcr 3HaKoMcrBo ero c 3arra4uoeeponerlcKHMr.r couua,rucrr.r.{ecxnMr.r yqeHr{gMH rr, BrrAHiMo, c <<Kanura,tolM>> K. Mapr<ca. ZHrepecnu B ero 3aMeTKax yloMI.IHaHHfl O <<,HayqHoM coIII4a,[I,t3.Me>>, 3aIIIrCb O TOM, qTO <<Hacroflrrlee n 6yayuee rrpHHaA,'rexur 6eccnopHo Mex(AyHapoAuouy pa6oqeMy coquaJrr4sMy>> rr AIrs, ycne[rHoft 6opl6f coqza,'rr4crbr ocHoBa,r[r <<Me]r{AyHapoAHoe o6qecrno pa6ouux>> 20. Ha c,'reAcrBr.Ifi "IIrc6untoe BbrcKasbrBaJr aHaJrofuqHbre cy)KAeHHq. On foBopHr'I, r{To noc!'re coqtta.tsuoti peBo,TrouuH H yHr{qroxeHHll cyrqecTByrouefo cTpofl HaAo ycTpoHrb x{rr3Hb TaK, <<KaK fJracr{T pa_ 6o,1uft coIIHaJIv3M>>. .<<Het H He Aor'r)KHo 6tpl ngoii ro,'rHTHKr.r, BHe :rro,'[rT]rKn pa6overo BOnpoca>>, B AOKyMeHrax $pasa, cKagaHHarr .Ilro6nMosH[.r-rnpaBoAr.rTcfl Ha cJreAcrBHH2l. Bce er,t .flB"IfleTcr eule oAHIIM AoKa3are,'rbcTBoM Tofo, ,r{To pa6ouutl nont5 IJ,fI4A, 16

0.

1405, on. 75, a,. 7148,

Talr xe, ;r,r. 7 o6.

17 Tan xe, n. 5 o6. 18 Talr xe, .n. 6 o6. ls Tau xe.

20

IllHA, S. 1405,

2r Tau xe. ,r. 8. (o

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nponaraHAr.rcroB 70-x foAoB. B rolr x<e l876 r. 6una ttpeArrpHHflra ttonbrrKa peBo,rrorrr4on' uoli nponaraHAbr Ha PexeecKor\a saBoAe. BecHoli 1877 r. B xaHAapMcKr.re opraHbr nocryrrrrJrr{ cBe.1eHr4g, qro yqr4Te,rrbHr.rubr HapoAHbrx urKo,rr Er<arepuu6ypfcKoro yesAa Mapua ZnrarreeHa tlurupr e PexeecxoM 3aBoAe n Enn3aBera I,IeaHoeria MaIr,rsIneea B ce,rre Jluneqxom npoBoAflr <<BpeAHOe Hanp aBJieH IZe

Me)xAy yr{aqnMucfl Aa>>

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Aosuauun 6li,'to ycraHoBJIeHo, qro

M. tlurupr n E. XIa-

MbIlUeBa IIOCaIIe OKOHqaHUfl neAafOf UqeCKUX KypCOB flB,rifl,Iillcl)

yqurerbHfluaMI] qacrHblx ruuuagnfi n flerep6ypfe, fl 6lt.rtn cel3aHbr c rpynnoft cryAeHroB-ypox{eHueB flepntcroii -ry6epulttt (Kapanae-nlru, gepeuyxl4llbtM, Ka,raruuaxoelrM z Ap.) 23.

B rpyntne, K lKoropoil rrllpl{MbIK&,{H e flerep6ypre E. Maltuure,Ba ,l M. Lln,rnpr, r.IMeJr[cb KaK cropoHrHl4'idtl qt{cro 'KyJ'IbryplHl'{qe.cKofr AefTerrbHocTLI, TaK I,I CTOpO'HHL{KL{,peBO,rI0[IIOHH'OIi rpo[araHAbI, HarlparB,'reH'Hroft na 'BoBl,'IeqeHI4e HalpoAa B aKTI'{rBrHyI,o peBo;:trc[fiorHH]ro ,6opr6y. l4z',lLrcna rocr'IeAH,Ilx ,peu14re,rlbHo Ha'cTpoeHurre E. MaMuureea n M. 9urupb ,rlo coBery cBoltx ronapuureirypartbueB o,ceHblo l876 r. HaIIpa'Bl'tr'tficb <(B Hapor>> 's ,ll'epM'cKyIo ry6epHr.rn. B Etxarepa'H6ypre oHI{ ycraHoBu,'I}'t 'cBfl3b c yrIeH[Ko]{ Vpa.rncxoro ropHoro yql4r'Illqa B. f . Ka,'ruHuHbIM I{ c HaxoAI{BITIHMCfl

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E. H. KopotKo,BblM 24.

6yprcroro'Kpy)KKa E. ManrslrueBa Il M. Llarrtlpn B Ayxe HarpoAHuqecKoli reo,pull 6u,ru y6en<AeHbr B Bo3MoxHocru n ueo6xoAl'IMocrn HeMeAd'IeHHoro

yH'r,rqro>KeH'r.rfl 'cyuecr'Bo{BaB[Iefo 3KoHoMI4qecKor'o crpoq. <<...tlro6 a E. Ma NrHruee a s yur.rqro)K'r{Tb rKopeHHbI,M o'6p aa,olt r3JIo, -,rIH'ca,'I yHHr{ro}KHTb Ha'CTOnUIee Hy)KHro oAHOM r43 'rrficeM 6 M. tlz,rurpb, HOBbIe 3a,IIJIaTKII 3KOHOMI'I'qeCKOC IIO,'lOlKeHHe' BCe )Ke OCTa!'IbHOe

-

Ha crapoM py6uule>

-

25.

,llepenncxa He'ocraBJl,fl er corMHeH'HIl, qro pe'ualolxra'M cpe.lcrCylqecrByloqefo cTpoq oH?I cq'liTaJI'I'I Hapo.r,Hyro peBoJtrouHro, IIoAforoBJIeHHyIo'peBoJIfoqnor+uofr nponaraHAofi nuie.nnuresunu. B qr.rrurporBaHHoM BbIIrIe rltt4cbr,le E. MaNrtttureiea n!lcaJr a: <<...yHlrqroxlrrb (cyuecrnyrcrulzli erouonrltqecruii crpoil. f. P.) "'g." cBepxy Her'Ib3q, cJIe.II,oBarer'IL-Ho, ocraercn 4,pyroit rITO pa3BHTxeM Kpe' MOlKer 6Url rrycrb-<<cHI43y>>, .qocrntHyro BOM yHAqTOX{eHI1I'fl

22 23 24 25

II|AOP, S. 109,

3 excn., 1874,

Tau xe. ,r. 16 o6.

Tau xe, n.2 o6.

Tan xe, nn.28-29.

r.

144, q. 261,

n.

2

53

crbsH rlocpeAcrBoM'npottaraHAbr [I3BecrHoI']o pola uLeft...>>26.

ManHruesa lr 9'Nrnpl ,crp€Ml{,rrt{cb c6nae[rtrcq c pa6ounltn a K'p ecrbf'H aMH I{ p ac'IIpocrp aHtl JII'I cp eAH HI4x HapOAHI'I'qecKyIO a nu rarllroHHyro Jrnreparypy. fl,pr ,o6ucxe y Hlrx ,6ntnn o6'sapy,xeHbl npeAHa's H aqgHHbre A,'rs p aoflpocrp aHeHnfl 6p,orurop rr : Kpecru ucKoe rope>>, <<6eso6p ounlrfi >>, <<!,ep eeeHoKh ft T,op,ra[r>>, <<Mn,pcxo ii yqer>>, <<IOpo,oal>> rH T. rII., a raKxe P,fA rxg,urr flo cotl[a,rlbHblNi BorrpocaM, cpeAr.{ KoTropbrx 6una <<I4'cropr4r peBor'rroqun l8-ro mapra>>, <<Pa'6oq,sft n,po,rr€rapwar rs Asrnnli>> H. B. [IIe,rryHona, <<Aa<<

6yxa ,coqua,'rbHbrx HayK>> @;repo,ncxolo

r.r

4pyr,ue

27.

14s teHqsreHrrblx apxxBHbrx MarqpuaJioB rpryAH,o {BbrflcH,r4Tb, KaI{Oe B,rr}tflHlle oKa3bIrBaJIa 3Ta n,ponafa'HAa Ha MecTHoe Ha.ce,'teHue,

Ho Aetre,rrbuocrn E. MaruHrueeoft u M. Qu,rupt '6u.na npnsHaua III orAe.nesuer.l <<'rpartue nper,quoir u onacuolo>>28.

'Herorop,og npeAcraBi'IeHr{e o roM, KaK Boc,itpr]'HIzMa,'racb rrpo-

u yTolllaqeclKofo coquaJrr4'3Ma, AaeT Ae,rro 10 in,ponafaHAe cpeAr.r :nopT'HbIX I{acTepcrori [I,y6r.rua ,n flepnrn ,a IBTB r.

Ha'qa.no etorl np,onarfaHAe 6lrno no,ro>neH'o cryAeHro,u l-Ierep6yp ncxoro yHH Bep cHrera 6uin,urn v nep M'oKr.t M ceM,r.rHap r.rcro,lr Xlnno'BeAb ugeN rpee'odtrIotI,HoHHorfo J,eMoKpaT'H3.l1a

c roprHbrM Anercau4por,r lllaraencxurM, M. Kpolo'n rcra,r,cna,6xarb efo peno,rroquoun.orlr JHTeparypoft, uacrn xoroport oH ,no,'ryqa,'r rlr3 ,He,rrera,ryluofi cer,r,uHap-cKoii 6n'6nn'orexu. Ctao,zlau 6eceAayN M. Kporos oiKa3adllua

xarrJroM Kporonulr. flosHaxoMHBurncb

A. lUa,naeacKoto 3HarlnreJbHoe

BJ'tvfl H,t4e.

Co.qepxan[e 3rHX 6eceA ,6H.no srtAep]Kano B Ayxe rocno.q,crB,oBa,Btrr,r{x Ha,poAHr.rqecxnx u4eft. M. Kporoe ,Bbrcry,naJr 3a HeiMeAlenuuti rcorqr,raJIbHL'tr.r nepenopor, ,THIKBtlAarrgro ru,MylleclBeHHo'ro Hep a,BeHcrB a, ycra Ho,B,rr eHr.re B Poccr.rrz ooqpr a Jracrr4qecKoro crp or. <<...Xopouro,-,foBopn!'r oH A. llla,raeBcKoMy,-ec,rru y Hac 6yler Ta,K, rITo Bce HMyulecrno ,6'yAe'r ritpi{HaAr're}Karb BCeM, a He o.lHoMy "{t.tqy> 2e. 'McraHos,'reH]re coqilaJrarcrr,trqecKorro crpofl roH paccMarp,HBa,r KaK pe3yJrbrar Haporn,Hofi pononrc{u,tl c yqacrrzer.r Kpecrb'tH, pa6ounx tr r{HTeJI.rIHfeHuuH, AJrq qero Hlelt lneipeBCpora Aonxsr,r 6url oco3Ha,Hbr ,HapoAoM. B pe3yd'rbrare ,peBoJrrout4H AoJr,)KHo 16rr'rl oogAaHo nu6opHoe rllp a'Br,rreJrbcrBo, <<tKorop,oe Ao,rx,Ho 6u,ro ,6H y11pargr"t6 s2rpoAo,ra>> 30. Ta'KHu o6paso,l,r, Hapo.r,,slrqecxur.i yronuqecKuft coquanusM B,Bbr,cKagbrBaH,H,sx M. I(porona COqeTaIC)fl

C qerKo Bbrpa)KeHHbIM peBO/'IOI{HOHHbIM

AeI{OKpa-

TI,I3MOM.

lIo,{, 26

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54

s,'r}rs,Huenr

M. Kporoaa Lllanaes,cxufi pasnepiry,'r ltpona-

UfAOP, 0. 109, 3 excn., U|AOP, 0. 109, 3 excn., Taru xe, ;r. 55.

UfA

t.

1874, 144, q.261,.rr,r. 28-29.

1874, n. 144, q.261, ntr. 10 o6., 45

TACCP, S. 89, on. 1, s. 1633, .r. 26 o6.

Talr xe,

.n. 27.

raHAy cpeAu c,BoHx roBapnl{eft no }IacrepoKofi' oH :-"u-9I.11 qTeH[q"*14 He.[gfar,IIbHbIMl4 l4g(LA]Fl:l4fl',l,I'n, ryctpall'BaJI KOJIJIeKTI4BHbIe B Koroo6cyx;,enufl lp'oql{raHnoft pesonroquouttoit Jlfireparypbl' grilx H r{re'qe']IoBeK' 6eceAax B ryr{arcrfle 7-B Ao pblx Ilpl'lHI4ilI2119 OcTp'l'I iIIpeo6JIaAaJIH Hgrrx. cv.f,rr 11o rorKa3aHvqrM MacTep0Bblx' rrIoJIo-

iiotruu. AxrHsHo'o6'cyxAa'lcfl Bonpoc o'rtlxe'r1o\1t rpecrmn: <06 u3"Il'Iu"o'"n"*' )Ke,HHIt HapoAHbIx *u"'g aru'u"inr''r o6pasou

'qTO <<HapOAy TpyAHo Helr Ha,'rgfe rrIOAST€fr Ha KpeCTbqII>>, O "rOM, inoAarfl'Mu>' rlro o6lpeMeHeH ttnap'o4 N(rlTb-'Ha'poA xMyr...>>' uio ecrb r p arBhre,'l b crBo B H HoB a ro B',ceMy rtl xeJ'Io My toi g-1t-:-11:-',Kp peBo"IlolruoHHoh ;;;ai H r. A. l'o,nopn,rocl o neo6xoAnMocrl4qro 'IIpaBi4TeJIbcrBOJI'IIKHeEt{Aallu}t cyqecrBytoqero 'crpoq, o r'orM' 32' >> <<6 yAer u H yxu a p eBo JI loul4 r yt ;,'qro u o o 6 xoArlv o " "onp ""p:."" rarxe 'Borlp'oc o 6yAyue'v rocyAapHa,Koueu, paccuarpnoa.llcs pobc,ur, 3aMeHi4rb cylqecrBytorHeo,6xoAr4,Mocrr4 o crpoe .;;ild 33' rBbI 6op'HbIM [Lp a B"IeH'Il eM>> n', pL641,ot & uu ft itp o n toTaixurr d6pasou, e 6eceAax Macrepo'Bb"Ix "ulptAll-u::1l" oocy)KAarrlraH' UHu qrlla.r[crliqecrKlze I4Aea,rIbI orollrr'Ill Ha 'BTo'poft rAeMoKpanir 6olee pear,rlitrcrllrr{H'y}o Ar'ln rofo Bpe\IeHI'l'[Pol'Po'M'My o6<<

<<^H

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6eceAaxcoceorx s (p"ron " "ionl, llla'naescxrft A' u m. ;t;;';;i''I"" lHa cyAb6ax KpecTb'qH cpeAOTOr{}r'Bad'IH B]HH\larHI'Ie n',cKJIIOqHTe"ID-I{o rC 'HelOCpeAcrBeHHbIMI4 3a'cBfl3a'HHbIX ,npo6neM, n He KarcaJlucl pat6oq[x. .r,aqaMH - -nonoitny npo6neltut npeAn'pI'IHqJI B ro''\{ }Ke 'BbIABII'Hyrb -3-rII BerepI,IHa,pr'ofo'I'IHrcrnryXapuxoscxoro lB78 r.,6orrJurnft cryAeHr r' e Kynryp 3a yqa'crlle B Cocna'nHltit B'oe6enlixnfi' A. ia A. cryleHqecKoMABI'I)KeHH',HrHIIoJII',ITI',IqercKyIo'He6'JIafoHaAexHOCTb' ccbl'IbHoro p a6o;.' 6;;a;;;;;;"fr' "p " noAAep)KKe rnorll{rl'IqecKoroMecrHbIX pa6outlx .ra.o rt. Tyllauoaa co3Aa,.r ne6o,nltroft KpyxoK peBOJIIOI{I4OHHyIO ',MecfqeB HI'IX cpeAlr Be,'I H B TerteHlte HecKoJIbKI,lX nponauaH.u,y

34.

qro Ha'poA'Hwru 70-x rroAoB 6lt'ru euHylKAeHbI crarb IIo'H]IMaJIH HcroHa nyrb nponarau4li'cpeAI'I pa6oq[x, xorn 'u He icql'ITarb Kpe'flpoAoJllxarll rpro.nru pa'6ouero r'racca 'l,r p"uetxot:l tr4seecrHo'

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pouy '61 peBroJrroi{r.{,oHHbrx

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46,

exAeusr'r ri p eeo.u rcqn o'Hep E'os 6e"'rlora fi p euia ren lno,LI p e3 r{o BbrcryflaJr {rrporhB caMoAepxraBzg. 11 ero aHTnHapoAnoft no.nnTl.riKu, o6fil.rqaJr Aecrtrorr,I3M, rI'poH3'Bo.iI H Ha,cHJrHe, qapflu{r{e e Poccuu. OH BblcKa3brBa,'r yBepeHHocrb, qro r.nyxoii flporecr HapoAa npr4Mer 6narogapa'coqua,,'rb'Ho-pelBo,rrtoquroHHoMy r,BHxer{fiIo <(BnorrrHe ocMbrcJreHnuri x ap axrep rr'7. O'n onp a BAbnBar'r reppop p eBOJI}OqI{,OHeP,O'B ,I,I I]I,ICaiI, ,[ITO Tep,popHCTnqeCKae aKTbl 3T,O <<trpe.f,,tseCTHLITKI4 Be,IIHKOIO inepeBop,OTa>> 'H <<H'l,lKTO He B 'COCTOI'IHHH np'VocraHoBr{Tb xo4 ucropua>> 48. !,erTe"rlu,ocrr A. Bos6eJrbrcxoro, 14. trIw6u'yroBa, M. Kporona 14 Apyrux flpoltaraHAr4cro,s 70-x 'foAo,B He pacrrpocrpzrHfiJra'cb H& 3HaqareJrbHbre M a ccbr ryp a JrbcKnx'p ai6,ou,nx. I4x rnporn a ra,HAucrcKarr pa,6ora '6rt,ra uenpoAoJlx{r.rreJrbHoit. ?lrrr rHe yAaJrocb oprrzlrHr,r3orBaTb -{,ocraroqHro ycrolturamsre ,u cra6'u,rnsue rpa6ovue rKpyx,KH H npHB,rreqb nepeAoBylo 'qacrb pa6o,vrlx rK aKTr.r'BHoM'y yqacrr.rrio B ocBo6oAnre;lln,oft 6ops6e.

Bnepnr,Ie nepeAoBbre ypaJrb,oKae pa6oune rco3Ha'Te,'rbrHo npno6uIlXJIllcb K peBO,'IlOqHOHHbrM I,I rCOqUar'IHCTLIqeCKI.IM l4AeflNI H flpi{HfJrr{ aKT[BHOe yqacTHe B peBoJrrorIHoHHOM ABI{)KeHAH B Haqa,ire 80-x rogo'a XIX rs. ts cBr3r.r c AeflTeJrbHocrbro rrepMrcr{o,ro H&Fo,{,: HUr{ecrKoto'Kpy)K,Ka, I,I3BeCTH'OtO B,'It{'TepaTVpe nofi Ha38a,HHeM V'6

Kpyx('Ka [IepM CIKHX,<<geka6purClds>> 4e.

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6uno no.noxeHo 'cryAeumlr KagaHcKofo yrru,Bepcarera B. @. KuqfI4A TACCP, S. 89, on. !, A. 1635, .'r. 101.

Tau xe, ,r. 98 o6.

46 Tau xe, ,r. 100 o6.

Talr x<e.

4E UfA TACCP, $. 89, on. I, r. 1635;.,r. 100 o6.

49 _flo,upo6nee_o6 HcropEr{ nepMcKofo HapoAHuqecKoro E. Pa6rHoeH,r. fleplrcxlle <4exa6pacrsr>. flepui, 1966.

44

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64

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81 Tarr xe, crp. 135-136.

82 Cu.: B. Pa6oqee ABr.r)KeHr{e

180-181:

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5 Brny"* Z 65

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rBHecTr.I peBOJrIOrItHO,HHbIe OOqI1Iar'II'rCTH'r{e-

a pa6ovylo cpeAy He MofJrH oKa3arb

3Haqr.IT€rbHoro tut,rpoKr.rx pa60'vl.rx yacc.

Telr ue 'Me.Hee oHri He 6u,rru 6es'pe3'yJrbrarHbr. Ceuesa, ,Koropbre cefl,Jlu peBor'rroq'iloHepbr, He Morrz'nplofiacrb 6ecc;reA,so. Onx-co,{,ericle,olsa,rH B 'KoHeq,H'orM r.r,To're 'rr/oJr'r],Tr.rqecKoMy npo6,yx4eHurc BJrLrfl:H'11't1

Ua

QOp VnpoBa,Hae'HAeO,TOfr.ta

ux rno[crKaM oBor{x,caMocroqreJrbiHbrx rnyreil 6opt6u.

B. Vl. .Ileuns yqr{Jr, qro <<o6paqenne c peBoJrroqz6uuoii irpo,nopat6_guilx,

BeAbIO 'K Hap0.qy He lnpOIIaAaeT /:l,a'xe TOfAa, I(OnIa 'Ue,IIr,Ie AeCqTH,IeTrl.ig OT,.IIeI'IflIO'T 'nO,CeB OT XatBbI...>> 83.

83

B.

14. JI e s u

s. flons.

co6p. cou.,

r.

21, crp.

261-26;

vAK

947.08r/.083

JI. A. Tpe$urrola PAKTI4 q ECKO E OCYI{ECTBJI EH I,I E 3AKOHA 1893 I'OII.A O NO3EMEJIbHOM YCTPOTTCTBE

N

'

TOPHO3ABO,TICKOTO HACEJIEHVIfl B NOCECCI,IOHHbIX OKPYI'AX TIEPMCKON IYEEPHI,I}I I4syueHue no3eMer'rbublx orHolIeHuft ypa.urcroro ropno3aBoAcKofo HaceJieHHrI rrpeAcraBJlger 3HarinTe,rlHtni HHTepec A,'Ifl noHr.iMaHr.rrr oco6esuocrefi xanura,rt,tcrHqecKofo pa3BHTLIr Vpana.

B. LI. IIeHun orMeqaJl, qro <<cpeAcreolt npno6pereHuq pa6ouux pyK qBd'Igercf Ha Vpa"ire He ror'IbKo HaeM, Ho u orpa6orxlt>>'.

Ang MHoTHX ypaJIbcKLIx ropuopa6ouux 6ypxyasHslti npnuqun ceo6oAHori flpoAa)Kr.r pa6oueu cHnlt 6tt,r recno cBn3aH c AoKarrHTad'Il,rcrr,rqecKl,rMu orHotueHl,ttrMl{ B BI,tAe orpa6orox Ha 3aBoAax 14 pyAHuKaX 3a [O,'Ib3oBaHI'le 3eMeJIbHbIMI'l yqacTKauu. llpunx3.arb ypa,'rbcKofo pa6ouero K 3aBoAy H coxpaHl'lrb HHuIeHcKylo raKI'le IIeJIII IIpeCJIeAOBa,'lo IIpaBI4reJIbCTBO' [p11On,'IaTy TpyAa - o ttogeMe,'IbHoM ycrpoi'icrae ropH03aBoAcKoro HHMas 3aKoHL,I Hace,'reHrrrr. Ha.ruqtte cneuu$aqecKIIX rtepr B 3eMJIeycrpoficree HaceJreHl,rfl Ka3eHHbIX, noceccl4oHHblx H BorqItHHbIX SaBoAoe o6ycr'toBJIuBaer qe.tecoo6pa3Hocrb orAe,'IbHoro ucc,lleAoBaHvfl. Ka>K' Aoil nx fpyililbl.

B AopeBoJlroquosnofi JII4Teparype 3eMdrIeBJIaAeHI'llo fopHo3aBoAcKoro Hace,'IeHllfl Vpa.na nocBqureHbl Al{nd'loMHatl pa6ora crv.il.eHTa oKoHoMLlqecxoro orAeneHua flerep6yprcxoro rro"rI'lrexHllrrecKoro r4Hcrlrryra n. H. Crenauoea n oqepK 3aBeAyIo^IrIefo no2. B yra3eMeJrbHbIM ycrpolicrnona ua Vpa.ne K. ,Il. flourcureea o 3eMJrerroJrbsoBaHIIri cBeAeHr.rfl pa6orax npr.rBoArrTcs saHHbrx Hace,rreHllfl noceccuotrHblx 3aBoAoB lleprracxoli ry6epuun x 1893 r", orMeqaercfl rpaliue HepaBHoMepHoe pacnpeAe,reHI'{e yro4l'rft cpe,Il,rr ropHo3aBoAcKOrO HaCereHI'lti floceccl]oHHbIX SaBOAOB' fi. U. CreiraHoB LI K. A. llosnrleB He craBuJrrr nepeA co6ofi sa-

g]/^lteHI.iH. flo,Tn. co6p. cov., r.3, crp' 486.

2 fl. H. CrenaHos. HaAenenue gerralefi ropHo3aBoacKoro HaceJ'IeHI'Iq sa Vpa.ire. Cll6., 1914; K. A. n o H Io ilr e n. Ovepr< 3ace'reHHr Vpa"ra o npeAerlax

'

ilepucxoir ry6epnnu. fleprul,

1917.

Aaqu IroKa3aTb BJIr{flHI{e CBq3r.r c 3eM"'rer? Ha noJlo}KeHrre ropHo3aBoAcKoro HaceJreHr4r, ua SopulrpoBaHne ypaJrbcKofo npoJrera-

pilara n ero 6opr6y 3a yJryqueHr.re ycd'roBuil xaeHu. B trloHorpaQl,rflx, AHccepTarll.rflx u cTarbflx coBeTcKHx ucToprrxoe IO. lecceua, A. A. Caeuua, @. fI. Bucrpux, f. B. KanvrrrHofi, !,. f. Bexc.nep, JI. A. TpeQl,ronori oceeueuur HeKoropbtc cropoubr noseMeJrbHoro ycrporicrBa fopHo3aBoAcKofo Hace,rreHurr rrocecchoHHbrx 3aBoAoB no 3aKoHy 1893. r.3. OAHaro n pa6orar yKagaHHblx r{ccJIeAoBare"neri Aaercs pa3JrI.rqHafl orleHKa 3aKoFra lB93 r. O. il. Eucrpux xapaKrepn3yer sa,Kou ,KaK KperrocrHuuecruft, xoropurl yctlJrLrJr xa6a.nrHyro oaBr4criMocrl pa6oulx or saeoA,{r.rxos a. A. f . Bexcnep crpeMr.rrcg AoKa3arb, r{To saKoH 1893 r. nprrBeJr K oKcrrponpr4at\llr4 seMe,rb ropHo3aBoAcKoro saj ceJreHr4q, ocHoBHafl Macca Koroporo florepflJra cBfl3b c geu,rerl 5. flo nanesun IO. fecceHa, 3aBoAoB,'IaAeJrbllbr rrpeAocraBr.rJrrr )KlrTC.II'IM 3ABOAOB MCHbIXCC KOdIIHIICCTBO 3CMJII{, I{CM OHI,I MOT,{U NO. 6. B <<Ouepxax rrcropr.rl,1 xolrnrynildrHqecKrr.\ "rryqHTb rlo 3aKoHy opfaHrzgaqrli Vpana> yKa3brBaercfl, qro <<HaceJreune orKagaJrocb

HaAeroB no saKoHy 1893 r., r. K. 3a uaAeJr cBepx oAHoir AecrrrrrHbl oHo ,AoJrx(Ho 6u,ro nnarurb BbIKlnrI>> 7.

PacxoAqrcs MHeHr,Ir HccJreAoBarelerl n o crerreHr.r 3aBepluerr-

or [oryqeHnq

Hocrri seMJreycrpoficrea no saKoHy 1893 r. B esoAuori crarbc x c6opnnry <<flonoxeHue pa6ovrlx Vpa.rra Bo BToporl noJloBr.rHe XIX-Haqare XX e.> yKasbrBaercfl, qro pa6oru no 3eMeJlbHor\ry ycrpoficrny B rroceccuoHHbrx oKpyfax saBeprxllJlr{cb K Harlary MIIpoeor? soriHn l9l4 r., a B crarbe f. B. Ka.uyrunoft orMeqaercfl, qro 3aKoH 1893 r. <<He 6bur [poBeAeH B )Kr.rsgb>>

f ecceu. I4cropza ropuopa6ovlrx CCCP. T 2, M' 1929; A. A. CaOuepxu rrcropr.rfi KpecrbrucKr.rx sorueHlari ua Vpane r XVIII-XX ns.

3 IO.

su,r.

M., l93l; O. II. Dbrcrpbrx. O seM,'reno,'rb3oBaHfir.r ropHo3aBoAcKoro Hace,'Ienur Vpa,ra B KoHrre XIX HaqaJre XX ss. C6. <<Vs Hcroprla KpecrbqHcrBa rt - Vpa,re>>. Cnep,E,noncr, 1963; f. B. Kanyrr.rHa. arpapHbrx oruourenr.rir ua Arpapnufi Bonpoc B noceccuoHHbrx oKpyrax Vpa,ra n ronqe XIX-Haqare XX ss. Vxagasuurl pauee c6.; A. f. BeKcJrep. flo.noxenre ypaJrbcKux 3aBoAcKrix pa6ouax B KoHrre XIX-Haqa,le XX ss. KanA. Auccepraurls. "{., 1954; .IL A. T p e $ u.n o s a. 3el.rresflaAeHr.re r.r 3eMrreno!'rb3oBaHr.re ropuo3aBoAcKoro Hace.rreHus noceccuoHHbrx 3aBoAoB llepmcrofi ry6epur.ru s 186ll9l7 rr. C6. <Lls Hcropulr pa6ouero Knacca rr KpecrbtncrBa lleplrcxoro xpaa>. flepur, 1965. a Ouepru rrcropr{fi 6omruegucrcKux opraHu3aqr.rft Ha Vpa,re. CrepA,roncx,

1951,

5

crp. l5l.

A. l.

cro.2l4.

-

B e x c n e p. flo.noxenne ypanbcKux fopHo3aBo,qcxr.rx pa6ounx,

6 E. IO. Iecceu. I4cropua ropuopa6ouux CCCP. T. 2, crp.20l.

7 Ouepxt rrcropur KoMMyurcrurrecKrrx opraHr.rsaurzfi Vpa;ra T. I, 18831920. Cnepa.noscx, 1971, crp. 147.

8 Io.nox<esue pa6ouux Vpa.na eo nropoir no,'roBrrHe XIX-na.rare XXne. C6. qoxynenroe. M. "II., 1960, crp. 6; f. B. K a "'r y I r{ u a. Arpapuu& eonpoc B noceccuoHHbrx- oKpyrax, crp. ll3.

68

[e,rr Aanuorl crarbn paccMorperb xoA no3eMeJrbuoro ycrpoficrea fopHo3aBoAcKofo HaceJreHr.rq noceccproHHbrx gaBoAots Ilepucxbli ry6epHr.ru flo saKoHy 1893 f. v efo pe3yJrbrarbr K l9l7 r. Crarlq Ha[r.rcaHa Ha ocHoBe AoKyMeHroB rreHrpaJrbHbrx u MecrHbrx yupex4eHurl, a raKxe 3aBoAcKlrx ynpae.reHufi lr KoHrop, xpaHflur4xcx e I{eurpaJrbHoM rocyAapcrBeHHoM r.rcropr.{qecKoM apxr.iBe CCCP, locyAapcrneHHoru apxr.rBe flepucxofi o6-

u ero $lr.nna,re e HnxHer\r Tarnne.

Mexesue pa6oru B noceccnoHHblx oKpyrax Vpana HaIIIJIU orpax(eHrre B orrrere qIIHoBHI{Ka oco6ux ,nopyueHufi npr{ MrzHllcrepcrBe 3eM,rre LeJrrlfl, LI focyAapcrBeHHbrx I.IMyIIIecrB IO. rc. BeneulKoro or 16 4era,6pa 1896 r., B 3arrlrcKe r{r{HoBHilKa MuHucrepcrea BHyTpeHHHX Aen l. f. Canaua, peBu3oBaBrrlefo yqpe>KAeHl.{s llepucxofr ry6epHr4r4 B 1903 r., B sarIHcKe 3aBeAyloqero IIoseMeJIbHbIM ycrporicrnou ua Vpa.ne M. E. CrpyBe <<K Borlpocy o:[o3eMeJIbHo]I ycrpoficrne HaceJIeHI{rr B rroceccuoHHblx oKpyrax Vpara>>, Harrllcauuofi e 1907 r., B AoKJIaae M. B. Crpyee <<Arpapuo- ,recuotlt Borlpoc B fopHo3aBoAcKHX Aaqax Vpa,la>>, npoqllraHHoira e l917 r.

Ira coBeIIraHLir{ coBera c'be3AoB topHonpoMbIIIIJIeHHI4KoBVpanae.

B uepevi.rc.rreHHblx AoKyMeHrax coAepxnrcfl nHrepecusttl QaxrNqecxufi MarepHaJI, Ho K HeMy c,'IeAyer IIoAXoAt4rb KpI'lrl'IqecKu,

Jacrrr, locyAapcrneHHoM apxxBe GeepA.noecroil o6nacru

YI{I,TTbIBAff KJIACCOBbIE NOSI4IUIU ABTOPOB, BbIPAX{ABIIII,IX I4HTCPCCIJ

z saBoAtIHKoB. ,Il,oryuenrbl B apxllBltux QoH4ax COAepXaT CBeAeHI'lq O pa3Mepax 3eMJIeBJIaAeHufl' pI 3eMJIelO,'Ib3onpaBare,rbcrBa

aHIlq f opHo3aBoAcKolo H acer'IeHIllq, o6 orrp aunqeHI',IH H aAeJIbHbIX axt, [oATBepxAai]3eMe,'Ib LI BbIAaqe AaHHbIx - o$HqIaannnstft ruufi npaea Ha BrTaAeHI.Ie ser4reftl0.

OcHoeHstNt AoKyMeHToM, onpeAeJIflIoIqttM IIo3eMeJIbHbIe orllo-

B

[reHlrr e nopeSopi',IeHIruft nepl{oA, 6unn ycraaHble ,rpaMg1lr. B 7 noceccuoHHui oxpyrax flepucxoft ry6epHfilr e 1862-1863 rr.

6lr;ro cocraBJleHo 74 ycraeHux rpaMorbl, no KoropblM Macrep_o-

Bbre I.{ ceJlbcKlle pa,6ornnxu ,no,r}qnnu I18.555 Aec. 3sM,rn ll.

OAHaxo e lBTB f., qepes l5 ner nocJle cocraB,'IeHI'Il ycraBHrl\ fpaMor, nepucxnfi ry6epuarop rucaJl B orqere: <<B noceccllonttltx oKpyrax HuxHe-TarlldlbcKoM, AranaeecxoM H Apyrux c Hace,rlerJHeM e 75 rHcsq AYn, 6o,ruueft qacrbrc MHpcKIle 3eMe/'IbHblc yfoAbfi B HaType He oTrpaHI{qeHbI I{ CAeJIaTb 3TO HeBO3MO}KHO'

a.

s |ACO, g. 55, on.

l, a. 551, n4. 2-l\

Q,u u r nu. 3eu.ney^mpofim\. f.II|HA 48' on' I' CCCP'

ce,'rbcKux 66Heare,'Iefi Vpa,'ra. Cll6., 1907; 65, ;r,r. 28-40; a. 62, a,'r. 137-148.

Bo

to

qfHA CCCP, O. 51, on. l, r.

I, a. 307 u ap.

Q. 55, on.

1l JI.

A. Tpe0nJIoBa.

213;

S.

fAnO, S. 38, on. l, r.

3eMnea,'IaAenue

BoAcKofo Hace,'reHlrg noceccr4oHHblx 3aBoaoB,

I1

137; fACO,

,3eMrenonbsoBaHl'Ie ropHo3a-

crp. 50-5l.

69

T. K. B,'IAAC,IIbIIbI 3ABOAOB PACXOAOB TIO MCXCBAHH}O HA CC6f HC npHHr.rMaroT, 3aKoHa )Ke, o6rr3brBarouefo cTopoHbl oKoHqaTeJrbHo orrpaHlrqurb HaAe.rrbr, Her>> r2. B nrcse lB79 r. locyAapcreesslrft coBeT, paccMaTpI,tBag npo[IeHHe 3aBoArrI.IKoB-IIoceccHoHepoB 0 BbrKyne HMLI B noJrHyro co6creeHlrocrb Ka3eHHbrx 3eMeJrb I,I d'IecoB, KOTOpbIMI'r OHtr AO 3TO|O B,'raAe,'il4 Ha nOCeCCHOHHOM npaBe, IrpeAJIo)KLIJI BaBoAoB,IIaAe,'rbuaM <<6egor,'Iararer'IbHo npncrvunrt x 6o-

nee no4po6Hoft paspa6orKe tsonpoca 06 oKor-rqaienluom ycrpolicrse 6ntra HaceJleHr.rfl nocecctloHHrtx gagoaoB>> 13.

B Hon6pe 1883 r. ypa,rbcKr4e rroceccroHepbr HarrpaBr4trru MLt-

HACTpy fOCyAapCTBeHHbrx r.rMyrr{ecTB npolxeHr.re, fAe Bbrpa)KaJri.i cor.{ac?re Ha lepeAar{y <<B BeqHoe H 6eseos[4e3AHoe Ilo,itbsoBaHr,re)> Hace,'IeHuq, He3aBIrcrzMo or yca4e6Hoft oce4,uocru, rroKocHblx II rraxorHbrx yro4r.li, cofd'racHo p a3MepaM cyuecrByroulefo [o.rrb3oBaHr.ig, HaxoAHBIllrxcfl y MacrepoBbrx pocuzcreir, T. e. yqacrKoLt, KOTOpbre MacTepoBbre caMI] pacqzcTLlJrr4 H3-rroA Jreca, tr BbrfoHHbIX 3eMeJrb no 600 KB. ca)K. Ha Ayrxy My)KCKofo no,qa. 3anoArrr.rKr.{,,'ruIIrr,rBIrrHecfl Bo3Mo)KHocTr4 3Kc[,'IyaTLIpoBaTb HeApa HaAeJIbHbIx geMeJIL,, Aod'I)KHbI no,'IyqnTb ilpaBo Ha o6ueg yro4ltft n TerreHrre l0 ner. floceccr.rouepbr rrpeAJrafadrlu <<Me)KeBbre AertcrBtifl

rro

orfpaHr.rrreHr.rrc yroauft npo]r3BoAr.{Tb npaBHTe,{bcrBeHHbrMIt cpeAcrBaMx H Ha cr{er KagHbI>>14.

Ha coBMecruoM 3aceAaHnn TIJIeHoB coBera MLrHLIcrpa focyAapcrBeHHbrx i.rMyrrlecrB H ropHoro coBeTa rrpu yqacTr]n npeAcraeareneli roceccuoHepoB e 1887 r. paccMarpr{Barcfl rrpoeKr nocraHoB,rreHrrfl

o

no3eMeJrbHoM

ycrporicree fopHosaBoAcKofo

HacerTeHufl rroceccuoHgbrx 3aBoAoB Vp a.ira. VqacrHraxll gaceAanrrfl npvrxJru K BbiBoAy, qro xorfl <<seMJreAe,'rbqecxuft TpyA Aaer pegyd'rbTarbl cJIxrxKoM cKyAHbIe AJIn rofo, qro6lt cAe,/Iarbcfl caMoCTOflTC,'IbHbIM I,iCTOIIH]4KOM CPCACTB CYIqECTBOBAHHfl AA}KE TIPII o6ruupuolr 3eMeJIbHoM FIaAeJIe, TeM He MeHee troJlbsoBaHr.re 3er\'rneli (rnanuunn o6pasou AJrrr ceHoKourenv a) HMeer HeMa,'roBaxHoe 3HaqeHl,re A.rIr Hace,'IeHHr B KaqecrBe xossficreeuHofo noAcllopbt,

Aotro,rHqrolt1ero sapa6orxu ropuopa6ouero r.r Aarou1efo eilrv [por{Hyro oceAd'rocrb>> 15. B xypna,]re 3aceAaHi.rfl yKa3aHo: <<...npeAOCTaBJIeHI,Ie HaCeJTeHHIO ypa,'IbCKLTX nOCeCCfiOHHbIX 3aBOAOB Bo3Mo)I(Ho 6o.nee o6ruupHux 3eMedrIbHbIX I{aAed'IoB Ha BogMo)KHo 6onee d'IbforHblx ycJroBr.rrrx 6uno 6u noJregHo He roJrF,Ko ceMy HaceJIeHHIO, HO U CaMHM 3aBOAaM, T. K... 3eMeJIbHbIe HaAe,{bI Hace-

fAnO, g. 65, on. l, a. 44, ,r,r. 36. t3 |ACO, on. 1, a.259,,'r. ll o6. la Tarrl xe,9.55, ,r. 14.

12

ls A.

C. Kpr.rsott1exos.

K

orHocflrrrHMcq

19ll, crp. 427

70

.

no3eMeJ'rbHon.ry

3axoHoAare,'rbHbre MarepuaJ,rr,r

no

Bo[pocaM,

1'crpofrcray fopHo3aBoacKofo HaceJleHuq. cfl6.,

.rteHlifl o6ecneqHBaroT SaBoAaM [OCTOnHHbIr.i KOFITIIHTeHT IIpor{Ho-

oceArbrx pa6ovnx>

h

16.

3axoil o 3aBeplueHl'l?I IIo3eMeJIbHoro ycrpoftcrea MacrepoBblx ce,'IbcKr'rx pa,6oinuxoe [ocecclloHHblx 3aBoAoB Vpa'ra, yrBepN(-

AeHnHli 19 uag lB93 r., BKrroqu,rr B cocTaB HaAeJIbIibIx 3eMe,'Ib KOI{X <<IIOKOCbI H pocr{I4crKl4 B Jlecax H KypeHqx B Tex pa3Mepax' B .noKocb]oIIpeAeJIeHbIycTaBHbIMI4|paMoTa'MLI,apocql4cTl.lnpnSHaHbI yCTaHOB,'IeHHbIM IIOpf AKOM>>' T' e' IIOJIb3OBaHI4e uM14 ooopuneno rocraHoBJleHYflMLr MIIpoBbIX nocpeAHl]Koe' MacrepoBbrM H ce,rlcriru pa6orHilxam [epexoALIJIH nOJIeBbIe H JIyfoBbIe yfoAbfl , H axoAltBtrllrecn a QaxrHqecKoM no,'Ib3OBaHI',lH HaCeJIeHI'Ifl ' HO Br-r&.[,€HHe KOTOpbTN{r{ He 6L'r,ro oQopu'reno II?I ycTaBHbIM14 fpaHCK"IIOI\{OTaMU' HIi IOCTaHOBIeH14flMH MHpOBOTO IIOCpeAHHKa' 3a Ha3HaqaJII4Cb 3eMJIH qeHI{eiM apeHAyeMbIX 3eMed'Ib. BltrOUnlte ;-p;;;;"p"'60"0"xe. ca)K. Ha Ayury Myx{cKoro norla' flpano co6cTBeHHoCTLI Ha rlepeqIlcJIeHHble 3eMJIIt HaceJIeHHe nolyqaro 6e3 c l9 ltas l90B r.,'uepes 15 ,'rer nocJle rBLaHhfl 3aKoHa' paspe3aBoAoynpaB'rleHl'lgM cpoKa eroro BcsKofo BbIKyna. ,II,o [raJIoCb rlpoI.I3BOAIlTb <<pa3BeAKy n paspa6orKy noJIe3HbIX HCKo'naeMbIX B SerMeJIbHbIX yIOAbflX, OTBOAI'IMbIX MaCTepOBbIM I{ cer'Ibct<trl,r pa6orHaKaM>>, H Tpe6oBarb 06fl3are"ibHofo A',rIn Macrepn RbIX rI ce,'lbcKll" pu'60"turo" <<pa3BepcraHI4f H o6MeHa )'foAHil>17.

-

B uncrpyKlltln o [opflAKe MexeBbIX 4efrcrnuti no orfpaHllqeIi ceJrbcKr.rM pa6orHuxau uoceccliogqro c'beMKa Hbrx 3aBoAos or 15 4era6pa 1894 r. yKa3brBa,lrocb, qr{HoBH}rKaMr.r Muuucrepcrnl.t Mex{eBbrMu yro4uli [por43BOAHTCrr

Hr4ro HaAe,'roB MacrepoBbrM

3eM,'IeAeJIIls I4 rocyAapcrBeHHbIx xMyulecrB rlp14 yqacrl4li AoBepeHHbIX OT topHo3aBoAcKofo HaceJleHI.lfl H [peAcTaBIZTeJIeI{ 3aBOAO-

snaae,,tlqeB. B c,lyqae oTKa3a 3aBoAcKofo HaceJlegl'lfl US6paTb y[odIHoMoI{eHHbIxcpa3peIxeHI,I'3eMcKo|oHaI{a,iIbcTBa3Tupaoo-

TbI itIpOI'I3BOAI'l,tIICb Me)KeBbIMI'I qI'IHOBHLKaMH B TIpUCyTCTBI4I'I ilOcroDoHHllx cBllAere.rleil ue xHre,leii cMe)KHbIX CeJIeHI4iI B CocTaBe

3_6 ,r g

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a

C'beMKI{ Me)KeBIIIIIKaMLI COCTaBH'UeTbI I'I T a6 JI I{ qbl C 0603 H aqeHl4rfl MI'I

Bcex yroAgft, o,6uero KoJrr4r{ecrBa'Yad6HOii H HeyAo6Hoil SeMnH. nnu"*a"r n ra6nvt\at slrql]c,'reHrafi yro,quft HaqaJIbHI4K ,Me)KeBoii napTI.Iuil]peA.bflBJ'Iff,'I[pe.II.cTaBI,ITeI'IM3aBoAoB,'IaAeJIbIIeBnAoBe.

B arKTe yKa3brBaJrgcb Bce I{x Bo3pa)KeHI'Ifl. cocTaB,'IqJICff npoeKT HaAeJIa, C KOTOpbIM 3HaKOMIZJll,i Bcex

peHHbrM or Hace,'reHr4,fl.

3areu

yro4uft. IIocne Aocrll>xeHHfl corJIaIxeHuq Me>xAy NPEACTAB}ITCJIflMI'I 3ABOAOBJIAACJIbIIA H IIOBEPCHHb]MII OT HACC' ,rleHr.rfl <<oTHocI,lTe,IbHo cocTaBa, pa3Mepa il fpaHI'IU HaAe"Ia>> [poBJraAe,rblreB

16

Talr xe.

li 3flc3, r. XIil, N 9628, crp.326-327

7l

ItSBOAr4JrOCb

orfpaHHqeHue HaAeJrbHbix 3eMeJrb

[peAcTaBr.tTeJrfl saBoAoB"rraAedrrbqa

Ha

rI

B

irptrcvrcrBlrlr

oT Hac-eneHfiq. rr irra o6 orapinruann,,,

AoBepeHHbrx

ocsoaaHr.rri MexeBbrx AoKyMeHroB

seMeJrb ry6epHcxoe npHcyrcrBr.te BbrAaBaJro AaHHyro ir a BJraAeHhe SeMerrlbHbIMr.r yroAbfl Mn.

_

AoKyMerrf

3axos 1893 r. n raHcrpyxuus lg94 f. He BHecdrri{ cyqecrBeir_ s re [peAJroxeHHs, Koropue 6u,rn noceccHoHepaMn B npoureHHr.I lB83 r., 3a r.rcK,'rrcqeHueM"Hcnusrno, nepeAar{}} 3eMeJIb g co6crgeuHocrb, a He B BerIHOe [o,'rb30BaHHe Hace,rleH?Itr. rorrbKo u.pJ iB-;;i u-"J"u"p.* 11" lu, :::, KaK Mlo-"p.aocraBrlsrlocb npoct.lJill 3aBOA[iHKI.{.

B raucipyxquu l}g4 r. orMeqaJrocb: 3a ee roqHbrM Bbrrro.{r{eHrreu ua6.nrcAaer ,rlecHoe orAeJreHr{e vpanlcxoro ropHoro ynpaB,'resun. V ropHoe BeAoMcrBo npoflBr.rJro ce6q ornroao na'6[.nor_ crpacrHbrM sa6nrcAarenen. B .rvrae lBgS r. r.raanrrrl Haqanrur,* ypaJlbcKl4x ropHblx SaBoAoB HanpaBr{rT 3aBeAyroq}rM JrecaMr.r roceccl4oHHbrx oKpyroB pacnopflx{eHHe o npoBeAeHrrH <<TrrlaTe",rbHo Il, rlo BogMoxHocrlr, a cxopetlruee BpeMfl>) npoBepKI,I, <<Ha KaKr,r-\ ycJloBllflx BJIaAelor 3eM,'IflM?t xI4Ted'II{ 3aBoAoB, a ecJILI cpeArr BJr aAeJIbIIeB o6u apyxar cfl Jrv\a, 3 axBarr.rBrur.je seMJrtr ca NroBo,rr b_ HO' TO nO36yAratr rilpoTaB Hrrx prcK o6 0r6panuH or HHX 3aXBaIrbrx r'r3MeHeHzfi

qeHHbIX 3eMerb>> ls.

B fleprucxoli ry6epriiru

saKoH uqa lg93 r. rroryquJr pacAnanaencxonr, -19 Bepx-tr4cercxoI,r, HeilqHcxoN{, Hirxue-Tarn.nlcxoM, _PeBAHH.K.M, cuceprcrou n IIJaftrascxonr oKpyfax. Jlerom lS9!^f. HaqaJrrzcb pa6orr,r ro c.beMKe yro4url u rlpoAoJI)KaJILIcb Ao 1907 r. Taxofi A,'rlrreJrbHbrrt cpor< cterouuo6 pa6or o6tscHqercfl orpoMHbrM K_oJruqecrBoM cnopHbrx Ae,,r, Bo3_ HUKLUUX B XOAe sTZX pa60r. 3aeoAoynpaB,,leHHff OTbrCKnBaJil{ ,TP6OI1 TIOBOA, '{rO6H 3AflBHTb CBOI4 TIPABA HA 3CMJIH, HAXOAI,IBIxI.ICCfl B IIOJIb3OBAHIIZ HACCJICHHfl. IIOA AABJICHHEM 3ABO.4OBJIA. n_pocrpaHeHae

n

AEJIbIICB MC)KCBbIC qUHOBHHKH HC O6OEHA'{AJII,I MHOII]C YqACTKII Ha nJIaHax' I'I HaceJIeHI'le orKa3bIBaJlocb npHHI.{Marb vqacrfle B

cbeMoqHbrx

pa6orax.

3ro

oc.rroxHnno pa6bry,

raK

xix

yro4rx

6u.nr.r pas6pocaHbr Ha ofpoMHoM [pocrpaHcrBe, rroKocbr 3aqacryro HaxoAI'rJIHCb r.ny6uue Jleca, I,I 6ee enaAerbqa 9Tr.IX yqacrKoB.

r

o6uapyxuro ux 6u.rro rpyAgo. B ueroropux cryrraflx Me)KeBilIu_ KI{ He CHIIMaJIH Ha nJIaHbI BbIroHHbIe 3€MJI[, pacrloJlo]KeHHbte BEaJIV or HaceJIeHHblx nyHKTOB' ccblJlafcb Ha nocraHOBJIeHIIe coBeuraHnfl rpe4cranare.uefi 3aBoAoynpasneHr.rft flocecctroHHbrx oKpyroB I{ HaqaJIbHI'lKoB Me)KeBux naprlttl, cocroffB[Iefocr noA IIPCACEAATCJIbCTBOM rJIABHOrO HAqAJIbHI{KA YPAJIbCKI4X SABOAOi] 18

to

M. B. KyKaperrrH. C6opullx

It

HaceJIeHIlg qacrHbrx Vpane. Ileprrlt, 1914, crp.

rs HTO |ACO,

0. i0,

3axoHoB

tlo

HaAer,reulrrc ropno3aBoAcKo_

roceccuoHHbtx ropHbrx SaBoAoB

132-145.

u

3ene,rsuoe orie;resue, a. gg, ,rn. 4 u

npolrlslc.non na

4

o6.

B oKrr6pe 1897

r. B nocraHosJI.eHHH yKa3blBa,'Iocl:

<<flpu Ha4e-

.4eHHH IracereHl]q BbIfoFIaMH AeI{CTBI,ITeJIbHOe [o,IIb3OBaHI',Ie Hace,{eHl,tq cHMr{ yroAbflMII HI{KaKOfO 3HaqeHHf He }lMeeT, T. K. Ha-

ceJIeHI{ro BbIroHoB BbIAeJIsercr

no 600 KB. ca)K. Ha AyIIry c reM'

qro6u HeAocralouee Ao cero pa3Mepa npocrpaHcrBo

BblroHHol'l 3eMJIH AOtIO,lHq,tOCb I,l3 CMeX(HbIX 3aBOACKHX 3eMeJIb, a He II3 TeX vecr, Koropble HbIHe c,ryxar Anq nacrl6bl cKora>> 20. CoeeuraHne npeAaox{LIJIO yqnrblBarb TOJIbKO BbIIOHHbIe seM,'Ill, pac[o"rlo)KeH-

HHe s6nusH cenennfi. Ce,rlcxue pa6oruuxu AepeBIlH To,'INtaqesoli (A,ranaencxui:r oxpyr) I'{MeJII{ BbIroHHbIx 3eMe,llb 600 Aec', a no

ranot-ty 1893

orKae

r. oHu'Aonxuu 6lt,'ln

<<cH1tMaTb

Ha

[o,rlyqi'Irb ror-IbKo 100 Aec'

nr'IaHbi>> BbItoHHble SeMJrr4, pacflo,1ox{egHble

BEail:a or ceneHufi, BbI3BaJI Bo3lvlyuleHlle Hace,'leHl'ls. K 1904 HapaccMorpeHI'Ie3eMcKl'ixHaqa/'IbHI'IKOBHaXO'II,H"IOCbOKOd'iO 21' 48 r*c. cnopHrrx Ae,'I Ha flpocrpaHcrso n 99 rltc. g,ec'

r'

o6ocrpeune orrioureuHfi lreNay saeoAcxoii a4lui.rHncrpaut'reit

]{BJIaAe''IbIIaMI,I3eMeJIbBbI3bIBaJII4MepoIIpI,rflTufl'npoBoA}IMbIe qTo6LI JiHIIIHTb 3aBoAcKtrMr,I CJIyt(auHMu I4 HaIIpaBd'IeH-H6Ie Ha To, Hnxse-TarLiJIbCKOe, 1892 r. yroAbfl. oceHtro HaceJreHr4e npaB Ha qro B noAfoPen4uscxoe i.I Apyfne saBoAoy[paBJIeHI'Ifl' y3HaB'

3aBOAaMU OCTaIOTCfl TOI'IbKO Te 3eMr'IlI ilo,rlb3oBaHHq HaceJreHr4fl, KOTOpbIe I4N1I{ apeHAy-

TaBJII'IBaeMOM saKOHe

3a

(laxrnuecroto lorcf, lrloA yrp03alMI'I'lnIIleHI'Iq saeoAcxoft pa6oru, T/HI',IqrOlKeH[fi ropo4l6u rl noceeon 3acTaBl',l,'In 3aKJlloqljrb apeHAHbIe AoloBopbt MHOfI4X BJraAe,rrbrleB rroKocoB ri naIlreH. IIocne ony6nrtxoeaHltR 3aKOHa etu suxrnBHbre apeHAHbIe AoroBopbl JII4Ua.III l]JIaAeJIbueBnpaBHa3eM,'II]'tzxIiTed'II]3aBoAoBIIHca,ln)KaJ'IoobIoHe3aKOHHbIX apeHAHbIX CAeJIKaX'

llporecr

BbISL'IBa"Ia MaccoBas

py6xa Jleca' Koropylo npolt3-

BoAI,IJII{3aBoAoy[paBJIeHI-{flHa3eMeJIbHblxy|o'AbqXHaceJIeHIl'.

flepucxoe ry6efHixoe np'cyrcrBtre B Mae 1900

r.

npI4Hflao no-

cTaHoB'IeHI,IeoToM'qTo<<HaceJ'IeHHe..'HaAe,'I'IeMoelnoSaKoHy l9 uas 1893 r. oAHr4Mr{ TOJTbKO 3eMed'rbHbIMI.I yfOAbsMI'I 6ee "tlecHbrx HaAeJIOB, He l{Meer npaBa Ha npol43pacraFoulllfl Ha 3eMeJIbHbrx yfoAbflx d'rec>> 22. VI saso4cKafl aAMr.rHLrCrpaIInfl IIpIICTy[H"Ia Ha yqacrKax xHTefleI;I 3aBo'a'oB' x no.truortly ltcrpe6.leHnto

"IecoB OTBeTCTBeHHOCTI4 IIpIiBJIeKaJIncb CyAe6HOri BJIaAeJIbIIbI 3TI1X yqacrKoB' ecJII'I OHI{ ocMe"IvBaJrucb nupv6urr',

B TO )Ke BpeMfl K

xorq 6H o,quo .qepeeo. B

KoppecnoHAeHql{u

ycrpoftcrny uacreponux>r, ony6.nuxosaHHofi

uvfantcxin 20

B

crp.

-'"':il-2.

f.

noseivleJlbHolvly

r{TO x{r,tgHb>>, COo6UanOCl: <<Bltqnc,teHo

Matepua.tu K

ceJIeHnff

<K

e l90l r'

BbItcHeHI'Ilo npoAoBo!'IbcrBeHHoM

Bonpoca

o6

3a

B fasere BCe Bpe-

o6ecneqesr.ru ropHopa6orlero Ha-

orsoureuuu. fieprr,rl, 1900. flpu,roxelrne l,

z llUfO |ACO, O. 10, IOpu.d.uuecKoe orae"reHue, t'' 2332, 'r'r' 4-5' Caeuu.3elt,leycrpoficrro

ce,'Ibc*Irx o6nsare'1efi Vpa"ra,crp'43' 73

Ms (r. e. c cocraBd'reHr.rfl ycraBHbrx fpaMor. T.) B o6u1eft -Jf . co6crseHHoro cJroxHocrlr ylKe orcuAe,rro B rropbMax 3a nopy6xn

J'ICCA HCCKO']IbKO TbIC'Iq qCJIOBEK IIOCECCIZOHHbIX KOCCTbflH II ynJraqeHo AeHexHbrx rurpaSoa MrzJrdlrHoH py6,refi> 23.

B Hoa6pe 1904 r. Ceuar nprlHrur yKa3 o 3anpexleHuH 3aBoAoynpaB,qeHzau errpy6arb JIec Ha seMJrflx, HaxoAflrrlnxcr n $ar-

TAqecKoM IroJIb3OBaHI,rV HaCeIeHHq 14 <<IIpeAHa3HaqeHHbIX

B

HaneJ't>> 24.

ro

Msoro cnopHbrx Ae.n 6u,ro cBrr3aHo c o6eaHenr.IeM 3aBoAcKoHace,'reHlrfl B <<caMoBoJIbHoM ceHoKo[IeHr,IH>>, a Ha cyAe6HoNI

3aCeAaHIll4 BbIgCH'fl!'IOCb, qTO CeHOKOC ,IpOBOAI{,'ICfl Ha yqaCTKe,

Noroplrri c AaBr{ero

BpeMeHr.r HaxoAr.rJrcr Bo BJTaAeHHH <<o6Br.rHfl-

To,rtxo no Bepxue-Ca,rAnscxori Aaqe (Hr.rx<ue-Tarrnocxuri oxpyr) senncNzrt Harra/'rbHnK MeraHtes n 4exa6pe 1900 r.

6rtn er,rHyxAeH npeKparurt 250 cilopHbrx AeJr, ocHoBaHHbrx Ha rlporoKoJax necgotl crpaxll o <<caMoBoJIbHbIX 3axBarax>> xltre-

eMoro>>.

r'rflr\{u 3aBoAoB cBoltx 3eMed'IbHblx vqactxog

I( I rHnaps lg06 r. npoerru

25.

orrpaHr{qeHHfl HaAe,rrbHbrx se-

4.la 5 us l13 cenenafi rocecclloHHblx 3allepucrori ry6epuzn26. <<Cro,'rn HeyAoBJrerBopnre.nlHlrft

Me,'Ib rrlIeJIItcL, To,'tbKo

BoAoB

pe3yJrbrar rro3eMeJrbHofo ycrporicrna B noceccHoHHbrx Aaqax>> 3acTaBH,-r y,npaBJrfllouflx InoceccHoHHbIlMr,I IOpHr,IMr.I OKpyraMI{ o6parurlcr K npaBnreJrbcrBy c npocn6orl o ne'peaaqe nceii pa6or IIO COCTaBdIIeHLIIo npOeKTOB OTrpaHl,tqeHafl HaAe,TOB LI npeAbfBJr€Hr.rro HX HaceJreHr.rrc ypa,'rbcKoMy no3eMeJrbHo-ycrpor4TeJrr6Hot!{V orpflAy, xoroptrft- ee,'r geM,rreycrpor4Te,'rbHbre pa6ortr B KaseHHbrx -f.rasHoro ropHbrx oKpyrax2T. ConnaecrHbrM perueHnell yrrpaBJreHr4fl 3eM;reycrporZcrea r.r 3eMJreAeJrrll, MuuncrepcrBa BHyrpeHHtrx 49f-H MuHzcrepcrBa roproBJru H npoMbrurJreHHocru c I rneapa 1906 r. ece pa6ortr no seMJreycrpoficrey B rrocecclroHHbrxoKpyrax nepelxJrrl B BeAeHHe ypaJrbcKoro no3eMeJlbHo-ycrpoETeJIbHoro orpr4a28. !,enapranreHr rocyAapcrBeHHbrx r.ruyutecie frasHoro yttpaBreHrrfl seMJreycrpoilcrea npe4,To)KHJr saBeAyroqeMy ypaJrbcK?rM orpflAoM oKagblBarb <<BcqqecKoe Bo3Moxsoe coAeficrBl4e K .itocrux(eHr{ro cor"naueuHri MexAy HaceJreHlreM H 3aBoAoynpaB,'IeHr.rqMn>>2s. B aupe,le 1906 r. rnasHtrri FraqaJrbHHK ypa.ibcKnx

" ,24

1905.

.,VpanrcxaR )(r.r3Hb>, 1901, Ne 164.

K H3yqeHuro rro3eMe,'rbHoro ycrporicrna ua Vpa,re. CfI6.,

Marepua;rsr

cro.

17.

:: HTq |ACO, 0. |ACO, $.

_l-907,

10, IOpuauuecxoe orAer'reHue, t.2427, n.32 o6. l, a. 634, .rr.n. 64-65.

InasHoro ynpaBreHuq selr.ireycrpoficrna lr seM,,re16rr.rs)>,

55, on.

'?6 27 <<L1gsecr:ag.

N!.9, _crp. 150; 3anncxa Cosera cr,e3AoB

V^p^a-nrcxofi_o6r'racrn

1906. cro. 7. ze 2e

74

no Borpocy o

{fHA cccP,

S. 48, on.

Tan xe, n. 2 o6.

no3eMerrbHorra

l, t.64, t.2.

fopHonpoMbrrurreHHr.rKoB

ycrpor:rcine

ia

Vpa.rre.

Cfl6.,

3aBOAOB npOCu,'I ynpaBIqIOquX nOceCCHoHHbIMI'I OKpyfaMH IIocrelxr.rrb c SaBeprueHneM pa6or no 3eMJleycTpoftcrBy, <Aa,llbHeliIxee npoMeAJIeHIze B oKoHlraHLI[ no3eMeJlbHoro ycTpol{cTBa 3aBOACKOfO HaCeJIeHI4f MOXeT npI4BeCTLI K Hapy[IeHI4IO HHrepecoB caMHx 3aBoAoB, T. K. Ha rloqBe HeAoBoJIbcTBa Hace,'IeHI'Itl cBoI'INi

3eM,'reycTpolicrnont MofyT Bo3HuKarb CTO,'IKHOBeHnf , rlpenf TcTByrouIHe IIILIpOKOMy H ycneIxHoMy pa3BIlTIzIo-^ropuosaeoAcrofi npoMbIIUJIeHHocrLI B rloceccl4oHHbIX oKpyrax>> 30. l,'iaeHHfi Haqa,'lbHllK ypa,'IbCKIIX 3aBOAOB HaIIOMIIHa,T' qTO <<,'lbIOTbI' npeAOcTaB"ileHHbIe 3aBo.ILaM B oTHOiUelJllI,I K orBoAI'lMbIM I{aCe,'IeHHIO yroAbflM... npeKpa'uarcrcq c rlacrynJleHl.IeM yKa3aHHOro..' cpoKa' r. e. 19 ruaq 1908 r., He3aBHcuMo or rofo, 6ylyr JIh K roivly BOeMeHU OKOHqaTeJIbHO OTf paHHI{eHbI HaAeJIbI MacTepoBbIIvI il

pa6orunxau rlu Her>> 31.

C ue,rlrc AocrHX{eHIrr cor,'IalxeHnil uex4,y 3aBoAoynpaBJIeHlIqMu rr HaceJreHlreM ceuar n ceurn6pe 1906 r. npI'IHfd''I yKa3 06 orBoAe JrecHbIX HaAe,'ioB rlo 2 Aec. Ha Ha,[]IqHyo Aylxy My]K' rloJra B noceccnoHHblx fopHo3aBoAcKl'tx oKpyrax32. Xors 3aBoAoce,TbcKnr\I

B"{aAed'IbIIbI HeOXOTHO COI,IaCU,luCb Ha 3aMeHy,lleCHOfO CepBHTyTa' 3aBo,x,,crKI{x }KureJIeii,recHltun MaTepHa,'Ia,M'i,1, HaiAed'IflTb lzx ;1ggfliMtl{, o,lHa'Ko yKa3 3TOT 'CO6'rrcJ,a,'r HHTepe,cbl 3aiEOAqHKOrB. c pOcrora qllcr'la xl',ITe,rleft yBe.]IHr{nBa;'lOCb KOJITXqeTCTBO,'IeCHbIX }IaTepUa,'IOB' nOCTalB"IfleMbIX

T. e. o6fl3arHHocrefi o,6ecneqnearb

u3

3aBOACKUX

Aaq A,'ifi oTonJleHlIfl iI{ll,'II4uI, CTpOhTe,lIbCTBa

I{

pe-

HaAeJIa e6nusu saBoAcKHX noyKa3e, Hace,'leH[e IIoJIyqar'Io Bo3peKoMeHAoBa,'Iocb B ce.rrKoB, KaK r\{ox<HocTb Hcno/'Ib3oBa'l'b ,lleca A,rIg BbIrOHa CKOTa' a rpeooBaHI'Ie o6 yBeJIIIqeHIIH BblfortHbIX 3eMe,1b 6r't.no oAHtlM I'13 ocHoBHbIX l'loTI,IBoB oTKa3a HaceJIeHu'I oT npuH'ITHfl npoeKToB oT|p aHI,IqeHI,i'I

lroHTa AoMoB.

C ornoAolt .lecHofo

HaAe,'lOB. oTp

3a 1906-1907 rr. ypa,rncxuii IIo3eMer'lbHo-ycrporre,'IbHbIIl tA npoAedl ar'I 6o,lluyto p a6ory : 3aBep IUIIJI C'be.MKy 3eMe/TbHbIX

yro4ufi, cocraBI,lJI npoeKrbl orrpaHl'IqeHI'lg Ha Bce I l3 Hace,leHsltr nvHKroB. K ruaro l90B r. npoeKTbl 6u,rlt npe4bflB"Iel{bl Hace,'leHi.rrc, Ho inpllHqro,6lt.uoronlxo 49, a 64'npoerra x<HreJIH orKa3a-

.rilrCb nOAIIIICaTb. llpOexrlt OTfpaHlrqeHHfl HaAe/'lOB nOCTylrll,'ilI lra paccMoTpeHue ry6epucKofo npucyrcrBl']fl. 3eucrHrl H392;lbHuxT-ro yuacrra Bepxorypcxoro ye3Aa e orra6pe 1906 r. ilEcaJ e ry6epucxoe rlpHcyrcreue: <<Boo6ule, xax fl noJlafarc' eABa "Ifi BO3MOXHO Xaroe-.nu6o cor,'ralxeHI.re [o npuHflTl{ro HaAeJIOB, Ii Ha.[.e,,'leHue seNl'Ieft Bo3MOX{HO JII{lrIb B npI4HyAI.iTeJIbHOM nopflA-

HTO |ACO, S. 10, Iopu1uuecKoe orlereHne, .4.. 2808, ;r. 5 o6.

32 M. B. Kyrapernu.

C6opuuK 3aKoHoB no IlaAe"IeHI'Irc ropHo3aBoAcKoto Hace,'teHrtf qacTHblx Ii noceccuoHHblx fopHblx 3aBoLoB l'l flpoMblc,'loB Ha Vpa,'re. llepnt, 1914, crP. 126.

30

3l Tau xe.

jR

fie, T. e.

npor.r3BecTr.r oTrpaHr{qeHrle HaAedrroB

cocTaBrrreHHbrx npoeKToB HaAe,rra IIprrcyTcTBr.reM>>

H

no paccxiorpeHl'irt l rlx fy6epHcKuNr

OAO6peHtr]|

33.

O6 ocrpore

nporr.rBopeqhri Me)KAy 3aBoAoylpaB.ileHHrrMrr rl ror $arr, uro 43 us 64 rflocraHoB-

HaceJIeHHeM cBnAereJrbcrByer

neuuii flepucxoro ry6epucroro nplrcyrcrBnfl rro [poeKraM o'rfpaHHqeHr4fl HaAe,rroB 6u"ru o6>NaJroBaHbr e CeHar. @opnaa,rlHo Bce npoeKTbl orfpaHi.rqeszli HaAeJrbHbrx 3eMeJrb 6rr.na npe4tfl B,'IeHbr ropHo3aBoAcKoMy HaceJreHuio roceccrroHHbrx

3aBoAoB Ao Mafl 1908 r., T. e. B cpoK, ycraHoereHHrrrir 3aKoHoxr. nocnegyr,oulr4e roAbr Bce ttpoeKrtr 6tr,ru yrBepxAeHtr Cesaroll u, HecMoTpff Ha lrrpoTecrbr HaceJreHHfl, ,npoBoAHracb nepe.e,a,qa 3eMer'rb B co'6crneggocrb H aceirenl,If c ycra HoB,'teH HeM ll e;xenlrr o6o -

B

gsaqesnii.

flpu usruepeHr.rri yroAufi 6r,r,'ro vcraHoBJreHo o6qee npocrpaflcrBo 3eMe,'Iu QaxruuecKoro Ilod'tb3oBaHrlfi HacedTeHnf B pa3Mepe 376 ruc. Aec. B genrenlulrri HaAer'r )Khrer'rflM trrepMcKHX nocecciroHHbrx 3aBoAoB nocrynaJro 598 rurc. Aec. 14 B necsoil HaAe,.r 183 ruc. Aec.34. flo cpaeueHulo co creuxort [pocrpaHcrBo, r{zr3HaqeHHoe B seMedrrbHbrri Ha4e.l, sa 221 Tr,rc. Aec. ripeBbrcr].to Saxruuecxoe geMJrerroJrb3oBaHHe 3aBoAcKzx xure.neft. CneAoeareJrbHo, orulr6o.{usrnr sBrflercq yrBepxAeHrae IO. lecceHa o rorr}

qTo 3aBoAoBJIaAe"rIbIIbI

IIpeAOCTaBITJITZ Hace,'teHHIo MeHbllee KoJIrirrecrBo 3eMJr[, qeM oHo Morro [o,rryquTb no 3aKoHy lB93 r.

He"rrss cofJracnrbcfl H c yrBep)KAeHr4eN{ A. A. Caeuqa'o6 ycryrKax 3aBoAoB,rraAe,rrbrleB B noJrb3y Hace,'reH?rfl 6onturero r{oJrriqec.rBa 3eMd'rn, qeM oHo r.lMeJro Ao 1893 r.35. O6ularr l,irouaAb seMeJrbHbrx yro4rar? HacereHHq yBe,'rfiqnilacs rua 221 Tbrc. Aec., Ho lt3 HLrx 215 ruc. Aec. ,npuxoAaJrocb Ha JrecHbre nupy6xlr, rKoropbre rpe6ona.rn AJrrlre,'rbHoro rpyAa AJrs npeBparrleHr.rfl HX B C€;trbcKoxosqrlcreeHHbre yroAbfl. lloarouy HH o KaKofi ycrynxe saBoAoBJIaAe,'IbIleB He MoxeT 6lrrl n pequ: oHr.r orHflJIH y Hace.rreHnrr rloKocHble H IlaxorHbre 3eNIJIIr, a BMecTo Hr.rx 6tt.rto rrpeAocraBJlel{o 6onruoe npocrpaHcrBo uepaspa6oraHHbrx seMeJrb. 14srsrr{e r{acrll geMeJlbHbrx yro4url y Hace,'reHlrq 3aBoAoBraAe.rrbrlaMlr NrcTI{BHpOBaJIOCb Ha,'rltlrlleM B I4X HeApaX 3OJIOTa I nJIaTr.tHbI, ;l TaK)Ke cfpynnupoBaHr4eM pas6pocaHuux B r'recax He6o,irbrur.rx yqacrKoB noKocHbrx yro4uli e 6oree Kpy[Hbre MaccnBbr. K l9l7 r. MacrepoBbrrlr u ce'rrbcKr.rM pa6orHuxaru noceccnouHblx saBoAoe 6Hro orrpaHHr{eHo 755 rbrc. Aec., unu 96010 Ha3Ha-

fAnO, g. 38, on. l, .u,. 316, ,'r. 8.

CCCP, 4,. 37, on.67, a. 784; Q.48, on. l, a.65; 6.5t, on. l, Ufl4A '1 .u" 213, n. 102; g. 86, on. l, t.75,.r.2; |ACO, Q.55, on. l, a.561, t':t: I7J-217: 33

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to

il q. Ouepxu Hcropr{}r KpecrbrHcKr-rx eo,rnennrl, crp. 163.

nepeAarle uIouLaAII HaAed'IbHbIX 3eMe,'Ib 36. CneAosaTe,'rbHo, Her HHKaKHX ocHoBaHHIl yrsepx.larb qro 3aKoH 1893 r. ne 6u,r ilpoBeAeH B xLIgHb. 3aron lB93 r. - 6ypxyasuHft eaxoH, a He Kpenoctunvecxltti, KaK cqltraer @. fl. Bucrpux. Haceneuue floceccuoHHblx 3aBoAoB noJ'ryquro npaBo co6crseHHocrl'l Ha nocry[I'lBluIle K HHM 3eMrLI' oHo 1\{or,'lo pac[opffx{aTbcfl I'IMI{ 6es scsxoro pa3peueHHfl 3aBOAoynpaBJreHuq. 3evienlHbie oTHorrreHrlfl nocd're 1908. r. He ycl'lJlllsa,Iu- Xa6a,'rbHyro 3aBLICI4MOCTb 3aBoAcKI4X Xrlreneil oT 3aBoAoB,'IAACJ'IbUCB, A, HAIIPOTHB, CBI'IACTCJ'IbCTBOBAJII'i O J'II'IKBI'IAAqHI'I NC' peX{HTKOB KpenocrHHrrecKux orHoureunfr. llepeAaua B co6cTBeHHocrb Haced'IeHnfl /55 ruc' .qec. 3eMe.IIb' cocraBuBIlJIix 28olo 3eMeirbgblx enaAeHyfi [epMCKIIX nOCecCI]OqepOB, I{M_eJIa _IIOJIS;11H' TenbHoe 3HaqeHHe. B. LL.,{esuu [l{ca'r: <<lso3AeM 6opl6u ro'rr' rorcs KpenocTHr.rqecKze naru$yH4Ha, KaK CaMOe BbI,U.arclIIeecH BonJlo[I.eHI,IeI,IcaMa'IKpeIIKa'IonopaocTaTKoBKpe[ocTHljqecT. ear 37. B peey,'rmare semneycrpoficr;a rrlo 3aKogy 1893 r' saeonoBJraAeJIbqblJII'IIIIHJII',lCbnpI',IMepHorperleiiqacrl'lcBoll-.i qeHHor?

K

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rloJIb3oBaHIlI'o cnoco6-

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rreto cKoTa. crae

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3aBHce.qa oT coKpalqeHus. I|JIH yBe"IHqeHilf 3aBOACKOTO npol'I3BOAcrea. OAHaKo 3aKoH 1893 r. He pasperul'lJl 3eMe'ribHoro Bonpoca'

TaKKaKToJIbKoTpeTbflIIacTb|opHo3aBoAcKoroHace,'IeHI4'Ino. CeCCIIOHHbIX 3aBOAOB [O,'IyqI4JIa 3eMe"IbHbIe HaAeJIbI B AOCTaToqHbIxpa3MepaxAJISyJlyl{ueHl4flMaTepI]aJIbHo|o-IIoJ'Io}KeHH'{.

EonlUrunCrsO 3aaOACxOro HaceJIeHLIq HyXAaJIOCb B ooflee Br,IcOKOM Sapa6orxe, H ocHoBHbIM IiCTOqHI{KOM efo cyuecrBoBaHHf 6u,ra pa6ora Ha 3aBoAe. B caqsn c.3aKpbITaeM 3aBoAoB B roAbl nepeoii ultponoft eoftHlt pa6ouue o6paulalncb ,c- npoueHuflMu o HaAe,rreHlrn ux seMreli no 3aKony 3 aexa6pn 1862 r" noKoropoMy nDeAocTaB,,I'UIHcb VqACTKH JII4IIAM, JIHIIII,IBIIII,IMCN PA6OTU EACTYI]AC rl*i'o""" sasoAa."MnHl'rcrp BHyrpeHHI'lx Ae"I npnHflJI e Senpale

so qfilA CCCP, Z-3; S. !8. -on' !'- a. 65' O. 37, on. 67, n. 784, nn.443, 466f r+Jlg'S..p5'on.l' 3?,'r,r.

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l9l7 r.

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c

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Bropaa Vpa,llcxaa o6nacrnan xonsepenquq pCApn, cocroqB[raqcr B uro/re l917 r., npeAJro)Kr4Jra rrpoBecru <<Koper{Hy}o peQopuy B 3eMeJrbHbrx orHorxeHr.{flx>> 3e. Harluosa.nr3aunfl ypa.Tbcxoil ropuosano4cxoli npoMbrrxr'reuHocrr.r nocJre BenuNofi' Or-ra6plcxorl corlHaJrrrcrHqecroli peBoJrroqrrH co3Aa,'ra ycdToBrrJr A.rrfl KopeHHoro npeo6pa3oBaHur sKoHoMr.rqecroro 6ura HacedTe, Uun Crap efi Ix Hx IIeHTpOB MeTa,{JIypf Hr.teCKOrO npOH3BO.4CTB a.

qfI4A CCCP, :: 3s <Bopr6a

Q. 1291, on. 72, 1902 r., x 278, n 4r2. aa no6e.qy Be,rnxofr Oxra6prcxori coqrrarrrcr.l{qecxoft peeonrcunu n flepvcxoft r1,6epnHu. fioxyveHrlr r.r r4arepuarbr,. flepnl, 1957, crp. 230.

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I

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B llpuypa,rloxori soue (Bnrcraa, flepncKafl

w V$un,cxar rv-

6epHnr.r) InoA ropf,oBbrMH pacreHrirr{}r e lSBl r. '6brJro 3aHlflro 1,80/s ,sgsx ,IIsXorHbIX 3eMe,'Ib (2,1o/s no Poocuz) 2. B a6oo.nrcr]IbIX AalH,HbIX rOprl936le TIIOCeBbI (,'IeH H KOHOIJ'Iq) 3aH1LIMaJI',H rB llepvc,xoft fy6epH'rll,t 45068 .x,ec.'Kpecrbfl,HcKr{x HaAerrrHbrx 3eMeJIb rH 3041 ;feC. IIO,xynlrypaM nO,CeBHbre -,BiraAer'rbqecKux3. rrd'roxlaAa pacnrpeAe,'rfl,'il4,cb c,rre/tyloxll,Ir{'o6paaou: Ha KpecTbfl.HcKLIx ,HaAeJrbHbrx 3eMr'rqx rroA JrbHoxr 3aHqro 34618 Ae,c., ,n,oA KoHon"ueft-9802 .{oc., rloa parcoM u oypenoil-648 Aec.; Ha BJra.{eJrb'e€c,KHX coorBercr,BeH'Ho: 2939; 96 r 6 .q,ec. a 3a l8 Jrer

(1883-1900 r.) c6op I (n,nyaax) 5.

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B 1895 r. o 'ry6epulrr{,'Ha,rpllMep, 6uno 3a,ceqHo JrbHoM 51590 Aec., rB roM qr.r,cJre ,e OxaHcxot{ ye3Ae-8857 4ec., ,n Oc,us8629 aec., n IIIa4p,n,ncKoM cKoM aec., ,e Exarep'u,u,6ypr- 8603 cKoM- u Kauu,uuroBcKoM cBbr[re 5 ruc. A€c., e Kpacnoy$uru,oxo,u

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ruc.

Aec,, ,B Ll'p'6'","ononn, Kyuryp,cxolr,

flepucxou ,u- Co.,raxaltcx,onr npege.lax 2,1-2,6 rHc.' ,Aec. e -1g lec. Bcero flory'qeno Ka,x{,Aorr, n Bepxo'rypcr(oM-941 6uno no ly'6epuxs 977160 trryA. JrbH,flrH'oro ceMeHu, ,rrpr{qeM e Oxaucxo,M u Ocnscxor,r ye3Aax 66,nee, qelr 215 rbrc. ,rryA. B KaxAoM, n IIIaA. pHHcKoM .rnrus 65,4 Tbrrc. InyA., rB KaMull,rogcKorM r.r Kpacnoyonnrcx'ou 85 rbrc. nyA., e ErKzrgplrn6yp,rcxou oBbrrrre - no 78 ruc. nyA., 'B Kynrypcroru -26,5 rbr,c. trryrA-,-ra fleplrcxolrzu rbrc. nyA. H r. E. 'Ctu*."uvecxfifr BpeMeHHuK. Cepur III, eun.4, CII6., 1886, crp. XXVI, 3 Tau xe, crp. 148-149. B ero Ko.rrlrqecrBo Bxr'rroqeHbr seMJrrr noA no-

XXVII.

ceBaMu panca rr cypeflbr.

a Tau xe, crp. 231.

5 CsoI crarucrfiqecKr.rx cseAeHnr? no cerbcKoMv xosgficrsv Poccuu x xonuy XIX sexa. Bnn. 1, Cn6., 1901, crp. 168. 3td AaHHbre sauuxeurr, rax KaK B Hr.rx He yqreHbr pacxoAbr BHyrpeuHero norpe6,reuur. flepenoA qerBepreri a nyAu npoH3BeAeH HaMH u3 pacrrera: cpe.4uufi Bec J'IbHtHoro ceMeHlt 9,2 nyl,a, KoHon,'rfiHoro-s 7,0 nyAoe. floxaebulr cpe4urze exero4une c6opu.

80

fI'oA floceBa,r{fi KoH,orrJIH B 3ToM ]Ke fo.{,v 6n,r,o 3arrflTo 12133 rAec., B roN{ rr,r4cJre e Irlp6nrcxo}r ye3Ae 3322 ge,c., e OcaHoKolr 2301 aec., ,n [Ila4pzucKor{ 1595 aec., ;s 'K'yHrrypororlr 1394, cerrue rreM {iro rbrcsqe AecflraH n l(pacHoy$i.r,l,rcrou u Ka-

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B llepucNolr 'u- Co,ru,xaM'oKoN{

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ye3Aax. y$Aax KoHo[Jrfl He BblpaqflBa,'Iacb, n OxascxoM yes,Ae saceea,'roct groft KyJrbrypoft ecero 173 rAec., .B HepAuncxou-258 .nec.'ir in Exa'reprau6yplcNov 4ec. Co6pa,Ho,KolrorrJrr'r{oro ceMeHH Bcefo,no - 752 ry6epHxu 415245 rryAoB, !B roM qHc,'re 170,6 rlr,c. ,nyA. B l4p6ure OczHcxov, 27,3 rbrc. TryA. - a KyHrypcxoll, 100,7 rbrc. [y,{,. crolt, 3l,4 rblc. nyA.- s Kal.rnuuroBcKoM, 25 ruc. rrryA.-e lllaAMbIrur'r,oBcKOM

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lB93-1900 rr. npr roceB'HbIX ,nJrou{aor 44,5 (1894 r.) Ao 52,0 (1897 r.) rbrc. Aec. u 12-14 rblc. Aec. BaJroBbre c6opor BoJroKHa'ltpLl p83:

cpe4ueiu 3& rnep'no!,

Aqx noA ,rrr,HoM rroA KoHon,rrek

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Ma'cJro rnpnr,oroBJrrrJro,cb r{3 cop,Hbrx rpa'B B lB45 f. H,a,cr{HTbrBaJrocb B 'rv'6eDHarl- ,Bcef'o ,rrn'rxb 5 ruac.no6ofrHll,1 saedAeHnri, 3a Aecrrrnflerire i8+5-55 rr. ,so3,Hurno 6 sal,Ipifix1g,KoM

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6 Ouep4 cocrorrHr.u xycrapnofi npoMbrruneunocru a ilepucxofi ry6epuru.

1896, crp. 169-170.

7 ,II,asslre noJryqeHbr lt3 cJreAyrorqux ucroqur.rKog: <<BecrsuK @liuaHcoe>, 1897, Ne 9, r. 1. crp.595,597. llocesuas nr'rouaAb ga 1895 r.-no AaHHbrM <<Ouepra cocroqHuq rycrapnori ltpoMbrrrrJreuHocra>, crp. 169-170, <<Becrnar SunaHcon> 1898, N'e 6, r: l, crp. 377, 378. O6eop fleprrlcxofi ry6epnun sa 1897 .r., Ilepr'rr, 1898; sa 1900 r.-c6opr,r !'rbHa r{ noceBHbre nJrorqaAu no <C6opHuxy crarr.rcr. cee,4eHllfi rro ce,'rbcxoMy xosaficrry Poccuu r xonuy XIX BeKa>, crp. 49; llepucxaa ry6epnnr B ce!'rbcKoxo3flricreelHoM ornoureuur; 06sop leprvrcrofi ry6epuuu ga 1900 r., fleplm, 1902, crp. 34. floacqeru npou3Belleribr HaMu.

ilepvr,, -

6

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2

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a B c,'IeAynulee AecflTl,L'Ierl4e- 14, sarev 24; u 187586 saeeAeHur? 8.

50 a s lBB5-1895 rr.

Tarnu o6pa's'o,u, 3a rpnAllarn';letuuft irepuo.r 'llgcne peSopltlt Bo3Hr{KJro 160 easelenuli (ncero HccJIeAoBaHo 185 sane4eHlfi).

E ns 22 3atseAeHl4fi ,B'peMrfl Bo3HI'IrKHOBeHIlfl 'He ycra'HoBJIeHo. 3ror pocT oTpa.xa"'r r[porpecc ;B rKpecTbflHcKoM xo3fll'lcTBe, flporpecc v.

H a rIar'Ib'HbIX s'orp u'p ars nuTI'I fl Kalil I4Ta,'I n 3 M a B <<Ouepre cocrogHl{s xy'crapu'oft ilploMbIIr]reH,Hocrn>>,'K3K 'H3BEcrHo, rne yq'TeHbI 'gaBeAeHHtt, HaxoAl4Blu'uecs B nopoAax (ncK,'rroqeHr{e rcocra,BJrff er,runrt l(yuryp ),'noarouy 'np uBeAeHrHbl€ BbIrxe AaHHbIe He MoryT cq'urarbcfl roqHbIMlr. B inoc,'Ie.{,}rcru{fle ro/lbI o$uqua,rrns'fl 'or&TI,I'crLIKa raK)Ke ro I,IcK.IIoqa,rla MeJIlKIile 3a'BeAeHI,Ifl, TO lBK,rlloqarfla I4X, {IITO3TOIM'y Col]ocTaBJlrflTb 'i{ cpaBrHH',BaTb 3TU qror6u ,Aara AaHHbre He./IbBr. OAuaro MbI rlpHBeAeM I{x AJIfl Toro, ,Macro6ofi r flep lrHot'o ilpotl3BoAcrBa par3B,I{rLlfl iKap'rlruy o6uryrc croft ry,6epunn ro.

BeAeHr.rfi,

1885

rr.

Ta6ru\a

2

Kornqecrso eaee,4eHI-rfi

865

49

28040

92

1878

138

85941

280

I

62

1885

1894/e5

207

l90l

350

79000

130

AAHHbIX HCT

506

(n 185 saset. q. 128

,qeHlisx, s

uaeuHux)

-

1905

473687

886

I4s 9rcft ra6.nuurt MoxHo cAeJIarb 'cr'IeAyloqae BbIB'oAbI: {B'oflepBblx, Ha He6o,]Ibrul{x ,rlo pa3Mepy ltacno'6ofinttx saeeAeHll,flx, rKaK rrIpaBI,IJro, pa6oratu l-2 qe.noeeKa H coBceM peA-

Ko-Ixecrb rIe.IIoBe,K; Bo-BTopbIX, e 1878 r. 5o,rr,rue lnoJI'oBIlHbI, a B 1894/95 r. 47010 'Macilo6oeH, wlri 88 v3 185 flcc,le,qoBaHHbIx He LIMe,lH HaeMHbIX Ba6out'tx, T. e. HocH,rIl celreftsuft xapaKrep rr. Cpe.lra ceMeft'Hblx pa6oqux e 1894i95 r)KeHIrlHHbI oocra,eilsnfl 2 0/6, 'noapocriKl'I

ol, r'u.erl'l - f ^

3,3 %

t'.

8 Oqepx cocrotHgs rycrapuofi npoMbll[,'IeHHoctu, crp. 165' e B. 14. JI e s u s. Io,'tg. co6p. cov., r. 2, crp. 345: ro 3a 1865 r.-lIlHA CCCP, 0.20, on.3, er. xp.2349, a.20 (ctp. l5)3a 1878 r.-I-lfI'IA CCCP,0. 20, on. 12, ea. xp. 151 a,,ur. l-188. floacqerur u.pvnn"pou*a HaIrrI.3a 1885 r.-l-llIZA CCCP,0' 20, on. 12, ea. xp.255' a. 35; sa' 1894/95 r.-Ouepx cocrolHur xycrapnor? npoMbtlxJIeHHo-9J-H-' crp'

ioo;'llja 190l-1905 rr.-Mi;rxue

nponr,tru,rennne 3aBeaeH,Hit-, Oqepx cocrofiHllfl xycrapnofi npoMblluneunocru, crp. 166.

12

82

Tau xe.

crp. XIV-XV-

Hau,6orree {[o,'IHoe,np eJ,craB,'IeHne o xa p a KTepe JvI acro6o fr nslx sase,I,eHr4ii ,Mbr M,o)KeM rn,o;ryu'url 'Ha ooHosa,Huu <<BeAort,ocrefi o 1 $/B rfoA>' u fl po \'rbIuIJIsHHbIX rlp eArlp usris,x llep ll'cxofr ry6ep Hfi

q. II. paex,req"""" l1::{:.iift- i:J-::la,T qe n o B"'I a Aer'I bua N{'n'p eAcr a B,t eHo'B T a'or'l 14

"

"u paorpeAe"reH?re

r4x

Ta6,rrua

3

AEJIbUbI

Vegasr

Bepxorypcxuft .

Erareprn6yprcxrzfi Hp6nrcruft

----t IIIE IgI l;l

lHli

-e^ H

>

.

KaMrrlraoscKlafi

Kynrypcrnfi flepucrnft LUa.upuucrufi

l4t a,x, rnoAa B,'Iq rcu,ee i6'o,'I brfl I.r HCTB o Bfi a Aer'I bueB - Kp ecrbq H e' Coelr.l B,ra,iteJIbqeB Ma'cJ'Io6oen 1B'flepMroKofi ry'6eprn'n'6 BeTpeqa,oi." *p".tbfl He fopoxoBeUKoro ye3iA, B.na4ultttpcKoit ry6e'p'HI4I4. fl o nolnqecrrBy 3 a BeAeHrr4 ft rB brAerrfl rorca III a4p'LITHTCKI4 ft , I4p 6nr cKHfr, nepMrcKHft , Exarep'ilH6ypr,oKlll1, BepxorypcxrEil yea4u' Ho 3TH AaIxHbIe, KaK oTMeqad'Iocb 'BbIuIe, He MolyT c^I{'HTaTbcfl IIoJI'HbI(JxaHllH xors 6u rnorouy,'qro orcyrcrBylor cBeAeHHfl OchHcKoro, ,fi'oceBbl KOTHOIIJIII lI JIbHa cKoro, KpacuoyQzMcKoro y$lAolB, rAe 6ll.rrn'Joeorugo e,naqurer'IbHbriMr,r r{ r,rMeJra lMecTo fiIep_epa(oTKa ceMtH, o qeM cBHAere,'IbrcTBylor Ap'ylue. 14croqHI'lKI4. Tar, no AagHbrM 3eMCKIiX pacK,'IaAox pocr mac;ro6ollsstx 3aBeAeHVft s ocHucKoM ye3Ae c i872,no 1903 f. rilpocJIex{I'IBaercn no ra'61. 4.

T a,xn,M o6p aeolr, 3 a 3O-,'IeTHI'I ft Inep uoA KOJI UI{eCTBO M aC,'I06'oeH B ye3Ae yBe,'I[ql.rJlocb B 2,5 paga.

lt Ufl,IA CCCP, O. 20, on. 12, eA. xp. l5l Haula.

a, ,rn. l-188. fpynnupouxa

Ta6'nnua

414

loAur

;l;l ttl 48

86

'-,noi 88|tl

100

179.1

183,31

Hracro uac;ro6oen

%

yne,lnvenna llx

,no,

2s2,0

O6opyaoaaHrae lrac.no6oeu 6sr,ro mpocrbrM: rrtped6,'raAaro pyqHOe iilpOI43|BO.(CTBO, LI'C['O.,'IbSOBaJIIICb I(O'HOBQ[,KI.I rHZt TO"rIrI€€ hJIII

so4o4eli,cr.nyroulle rro,rrJrflHoe

rr.r

n'prr'BoAbr,. pylrHbre {rpeocbr, KoreJr, crauo,x. KoJrbHqHoe ce,Mfl floK]nnaJrocb s '6,r,fixarlrutzx AepgBrHflx

lt_coceAH'r4x ye3Aax, a raKx{e ua lrlp1'nr,cxoir flpMa,pKe. Ma,c,ryo c6Hear,ocl'Ha Ba'BoAax, rHarrrprlMep, A.u,arnaen,crou, ^ H.-Ta,rn,rlcrom, I(yuu,rncKoM r.r Ap,yrr4x, Ha flp,Map'Kax a rop)KKax.,KoHon,rqHoe ceMq no{Kyna,'rocb no 70-90 rKor[I'rr I py6.rrr nyA (ua naecre), Jrb'HflrH,oe no 50-80 Kq[., ,B. cpeAHeM rno 64 ,ron. iyA. Ha npnroTOBdrreHI{e [ryAa MacJra rpe60nalocb rrrflTb lrryAoB ceMflH. KOirOU.nsHoe_rMacJro rnp,oAaBaJrocb rro 5-6 py6. trryA, Jrb,HflHoe-no 33p.50 K., Bbt6or?rKr4 (Nnruxu) xon.-sa ry4. iflpnne,{eM xa-rnoft l2 p a KTep rrrcrr,r Ky T[rfl]rq'Hbrx g a,BeAerrI,t . Kp ecrts,Hc Koe'u acno6o ft noe

3aBeAeHHe s A. Knenoscxan 6oropoAc,roft eonocrI,t,flep'McKofo ye3Aa,np'r4 N{ eHrr Jro AJrfl To JrqeH'Hq ceM fl,H rr<'ou uo4eft crrByrorr1yn << M a rrla _ Hy>>, crarH. CaNr xos,q{u pa,6oran MacrepoM, pa6o:unnr 1- uecrsuri KpecrbflHr.r,H. Ilglepa0or.a,uo ,6uno lllS'nya. oe","," no I p. lb x.

(na^1282.p. 25 1.). flo.ryueno 221 ,nyA

Ma,cr,ra

rno

6 pii6.

(Ha

1326 py6.) H rsrr6og-835 rrrfA. no 30 r<on. ('ua 250 p.'SO x.y.

B 4a'ruuou BaBeAeur.r,l,t Aox'oAbr flpeBbrrxadrru pacxoAbr ('6ee vqera pggxoAoB Ha rorrrrrr.rBo) ua 294 p. 25 x. gnciuft ,AoxoA ,pa,nunlcn

250 py6.

,B Exareptu6ypncrora ye3Ae, ,e Er,rrHnrogcrorl 'so,ro,cru B 3aBeAeHI1IflX Kp€CTbflrH, B KOTOpbrx pa,6'ora,r'a xo3fleBa c o,Analr 0a,6o_

qaM, rnspspa6arlrsanocb Ao 1000 rryA. ceMeHn Ha g00 py6., a au_

jr6 l20py6. {4cyMMy or 60 py6.

-260 o M B a x p yuren, s a x{ruToq Hbr fi rxp eciirrun,s O urun,ncxo ji,so -

p_atoorxa cocra,Brrrrrra 200 mya. Mgg{a tI a cruft lAoxoA sAecb c,o crarnns,r

"

220

A's roH

J.IOCTH UCHHCKOIO

.3ABEACHIIC, IICHHOCTb YE3AA, HMEJI {MACJIO6OftHOC

liMyrrlecrBa ,KoTopofo,cocra,BJrs,'ra

9l

py,6. 15. B

Xyp":Isl^Ocurrcxoro ye3AHoro 3eMcKofo ,.-.tn rd/z,r.,.crp. 92-93. (ts

rarux

co6panr.rn,

xos,srlcrsax

3 ouep.

ccccnr, xypHaru OV3C _ aerop). .^_^'" /l\ypHanbt Ucl.rHc.H:ofo ye3,[Horo 3eMcKoro co6pauua, 3 oqep. ceccrrs 92-9u.. (ts AarbHg|^rueM.-)KypHa!,ru OV3C _ anrop), rai!{ )Kc, lo^,,oq_e_p_. l.: crp. rz ceccfif IUEI f., crp. l4g-l4g; raM xe,20 Aa.nlueiureM

crp. 780-781; Clreru AoxoaoB H 1903, 84

crp. 298-299.

0uep. ceccriq lggg r.,

pacxoAoB r.r pacx"ralxa Ha 1903

r.,

O"a,

3€IIIeJ€JIH€ r.{ CKOTOBOACTBO 6brrrro pa3BIiTO 3HaqHTeJrbHO Jryq[e,

y Maccbr rKpecrbrrr.H'cTBa. llo Aa,HHblM lHa \ceperAr,r'Hy 80-x foAOB s OczHcKoNlye3le, s CrenanoscKori Bo,rocrr4 B BocbrMI{ ceJreHrjrrx Hacq[TblrBaJlocn 25 aaBeAeHr.iri, rB Koropbrx ,p,a,6,ota,lo 25 ,cemeiinux par6ou'r.tx,n 24 Hae,MHbrx (ino o,4uon,ty rHzoMHoM! pa,6orueuy rua 3a,Be,{,eHr4e, B oAHoM 3aBeAeHrr4H pa6oral caM r{pecrba'nnn). CyrMa ,rpou'3BorAcrBa ,6u,ua ue6,oilbtxoil: 17 ruc. py6., B cpeAHerM Ha 3aBer,eHr.re npfixoAr.rro,cb or 400 Eo 1000 py6.r6.

Paccuorpirl,r Aa'H,Hbre 3a 1887 r. rrflrr.r Mac,1o6oft,Hbrx Batse[eHnil BacunleecKoir BoJrocrn flepucxoro ye3Aa (rplr ns 4. fanpurIeM

ta Aea r.r3 AepeBsHn Apxutnonori ,r.r flr.zureK) 17. B rKa]KAoM BaBeAeHI,lH rLIMe.IIlICb OAHOTKOH,HL'I€ l[plIlBOAbI; B qeTblpex SarBeIeHI{tlX pa6ora,ra caMrl xogflerBa, r.rrMeff no 'oAHoMy,pa6,oqeMy, a B nflToM cbIH SKcn,oHOHT,& H paboqufi. Cr6rrr uacura ,tipon3BoA,lrlcr|B oxpe'cTHbIX cerax, !,o6prHcroM 3aBoAe H a .flepvuls.

uoft

Ta6.nuua

5

*cr F

3rcrogesr

9x >,=

Ilerynnu A. h.

Craqxoe Q. n.

Kapa6aror

l.

B.

r<

EG o!sl0

egx 6oy tr9:

?pX

1855

300

60

240

180

54

1855

250

50

200

120

Jb

1864

280

65

250

170

51

Kapa6aron h.

1864

260

50

200

120

.JO

Cyxonaeuee JI.

1884

300

70

250

160

48

Taruu o6paaou, Bce paccMorpeHHbre 3aBeAeHr.rrr r4Menr rrr{crblii AoxoA Ao 100 py'6"reft KaxAoe. Taxue )Ke Ba'BeAeHns, 6bwtn y ,II. E. K,ruMoea s c. tr4flruHcKoM, B. A. lpoxoroBa B A. 3acrynona, y Ll. LL Earanosa 'e Cperencxoft 'so,rocttu, y kl. ,f. Eycupe'na B fI,or,aBHH,H,cK,oM Batso4e. 6ycltpe,n, 3aBeAeHHe Koroporo cyxrecrBoBa,Io c 1885 f., rMer'I KoH'HyIo rMeJIgHKy, To,rqelo, 3aropHbIft ,qarr, KoreJr c MyroB,Kofi, pyutu,oir fipecc. Pa6oran ,catr ,c yueunxou. fle16

E. U. KpacuorepoB. Kycrapnar

npoMr,urrreHHocrb, Bbrn.

III,

fleprru, - 17 1889, crp. 74. Pacqe'ru uauru.

Tau xe, Bbrrr. II, fleplru, 1888, crp. 22.

18 E. L{.

KpacHorepoa. I(ycrapuaq flpoMbrurJ'leuHocrb, Bbrn. ll,crp.22, flepur, 1889. 3ru KpecrbsHe 6unn yuacruuKaMn KycrapHo-npoME[ulneHHoir sncraBKr B r. ExarepuH6ypne

e lB87 r.

85

pepa,6arbrtsarocb 400 [lyA. ceMeHIa. fIo,'Iy'{a,'I B0 rnya. Mac'la Ha bSb pyO. C,6lt,ean {np'o,AyKq}r}o e llonasHaHoKoM' Moroefi,'Iux'l4iIcKoM

r.r

flo6prucroM

3aBoAax.

Bo,rlruu'ucr.B'o KpecrbrttHcK['tx M,a'cJlo6oer pa6orano 2-4, uo He 6onee 6 Mecgqe'g 'e rrorY. B na'cno6ofitHoM 'sa'eeAeH'l4l{' ocHorBaiH{roM B 1898 r. B. A. ftpoxoroBbl'M iB c. tr4rbl'l'HlcKoM -fleplrcxoro ye3Aa, reu,pal6aruea,'Iocb JIbHnHoro '|\,{arcr'Ia rta 37,9 ( 12,6) ruc. py6.,

nrnssoir srtxnm,rn Ha 3,6 rstc. py6. loAoeaq 'lrpol{3BoAI]Ter'IbHocrb 3a'BeAeHrlrfl co'crar,nfl,ila 47,3 (16,2) ruc. py6. flepepa'6arulte.

Ba,rrocb Jrr,-HrrrHofo cerMeHr.r l5 ruc. 'nya,. Pa6'ouax t6lt,ro 13 (7) ue.n. floor6opyAoreatHNq. It Mocrl crol4 y,crpofi lt a c.lo6oen cr,no Onuureu MerqeHLIe crouJro or 100 ao 350 py6., Kdn,Hblil rnpneorg, 50 py6., ToJrr{en AepeBrr.HHbre Ao 2 cax. ,AJII4HbI c 'o6'urttu xere3oM 'KoHqaMlr (c,ryxz;r'rE 4,ra ,4po6,reHrtt uJrv drYureHllf ceMeH[ E rl(o;'Io100 py6. (10 py6.sa <<!Koror>>. 9uc,r'ov K'o,{oro'B dr'peJ,e.ce) -ao par3Mep 'lracno6oeH), nrpecc tr qyryllHafl Kor,ola .:Io r,flercfi illo,'to-

20 py6., Mer'r KI,re rl,p HH aAr.'re)KHocrI,I ( cnra, Koue,'IlI, Ko/'toAbt, ror n np.) Ao 12 py'6. tr4rax, crollMocrb KpecrbsHcKofi uac,torr.Ilra paBHttJ'tacb 500 py6., ,He {cqnraq "IIo6oftrsu o6lr,rHo'seHHoro uraAeft 20. TaKue pacxoLAbr 6u.lrn noA cttJly roJIb'Ko 6orarrtlt n gaxr4ToqHbIM,KpecTbgHaM.

3eune,qe,rae y uac,ro6oftrluroe Be,'Iolcb B txtrpolKl4x MacIUra6ax, rnpruueM MHofile'He Aotso,rbcrBo'Ba,'Iucb AyixeBbIMH tHaAe,'Ia i\IH I{

AP

CHAOB

A JI

14 3 CM,'I

rc Y IM A,'IOCI{J] b'HbIX

XO3 fl I,ICTB.

tflo ganHun 'fleperlucr,r 1894/95 r.,

173 saeeAenus,

unu

93010

lpfiHaAJre)KaJrll 3ax{I,rroqHbrrM KpecrbqHaM, uuercil1unt or l0 Ao 25 .qec. geMJIr4, o,coL6e'Hno MHoro'3eMJI,u r{MeJII{ ,Br'r,aAer'Ibubr 3a,BeAeHIrfi s Llla,4pIrru,cxou (no 19,47 aec. ,ua 4rnop), 's ,I(aMbIUr,'Io'BcKoM

rB KyHfyp'cKorrl (19,8 .{ec.) tt 'B I4p'6'ulcro'r,t yeBAax2r. Ha nac.no6oft'Hue ,AB,opbI rflpr4xoAn,rlocb 'B cpeAHeM ,rouraAeri 3,5 ro,rosu, rKopoB 3,3 iro,'r'o'Bbl 22. Eeg,rouraJHblx ,r4 6ecxoponnlrx ArBopots rne'6u,ro. -y 173 Ma,c,'ro6oejB Hacqr{rbiBaJrocb 98 (ro4onux r.r rcporKo,Blrx) sera,re4erbqec,Kr,rx pa,6ouux c rJlarolo 3438 pyL6., r. e. flo 35, 1 py6. Ha oAHofo. <<Bu6oft>>, il,ln x{ M blxlr, lttOJt yr{erlHble 11,pH'u a,CnO6O ft'tt,O M rn p OI4'3IBOACTBS, CJIy)KI.r,'I ]r xop,orxr4M r{orpMoM Anq 'c,xora 23.

'B Ocnucrt<oM yesAe 44 ,nacnd6oft,ulnxa r{,Me,'rn 33 rsaelrsltx ce,'rbcK,r{x'par6ovnx (rog,oeux H cpoKo'Bbrx) ,c nnarorc 1289 py6.,

(,no 16,9 aec.), (12,6

r.

e.

lec.)

ro 35,8 py6.

,Ha

og,uoro

24.

le Cnucox Cnucox Qa6prlr< H 3aBoAoB Poccnftcxoft t4Mllepuu, no.4 peA. B.

E.

Bap-

CII6., 1912, crp. 606.

20 Talr xe, crp. 23.

3apa,

2l

22 23 24

Ouepr cocroxHr.rr KycrapHofi npoulruraeHuocrn, crp. l68.

Talr xe, crp.

Tau xe, cr-p.

Tana

xe, crp.

170.

16A.

102-103.

,

C6Hsa,rH Mac,lo cso'6oAHoii npo4axeir Ha pbIHKax -167 saseu

a"""ri, t. ": 90% , 17 pa'6totano tra 3aKa3qllKo'B-tnorpe6nreneft yTAa) lor"*o o.1Ho (e i.r. iuprty.lbcKoM' E'xarepnn6yprc5ory llaQrHyrbefo ojtirBsr'ro MarcJlo rB ,rIats'KI'I eXarepu'u6ypIrcKHX rKytlqorB 25. 'n t{eprHfiscxot'o

,qzcroro AoxoAa lta'cno6oft'slte sa'BeA€HI{n (Aannue "yt*a r.) naoNuo crpynrrt]lpo'Barb cJle.r.ytouniu o6pa:oM:c qn1895' crbrlr .loxoAoM Ao 100 py6---109 ga'neAennii, hrn b-9% oouleto

ua

n'o

lux Kor'IltqecrBa, or 100'ao 700 py6. -73, ao 1000 py'6.- l,5o/o 'u.

T

aru,ir-

Or6p

a3OM,

p

a,3,Br{T}re

Aennli, xar d uyroitno.notrblx,

M

'14n^ 39,50/o rn

'or

700

alcJor6oft HbIX rKpecrbfl HOKI'IX 3aBe-

c[oco6crBoBaJlo 4uQQepenuaaI\wrl

rB,'IaAeJIbuaMI'I' KpgcTbflHcTBa. 3a)KI.tTOqHbre KpecTbrflrHe fBJIflTII'l,Cb ttTop3aBeAeHlI'Iflx' sThx 6eAnue-HaeM'HbIMrl pa,6or,rui<aMI'I'Ha nO'Olpe3AeCb' lOTCfl fl'BJ'Ifl tnpelnpNnr'I4fl fOBOr[pO]IbIIIIJIeHHbIe le,retp:llo B. 14. .Ilesrrarua, cJIeA. TaK Ha3L'IrBaeMblMI'l rexnl'IqecKn-

Mn

I{OTOcer,IbcI{oxoSflircTBeHHbIrMIZ npo,n3{B,oAcTBaMI'I, pa13BI'lTI{eM

pbIX 'BcefAa xapaKrepH3yercfl [porpeac ropfoBoro 27.

CTI4

qe,CKO|O 3eM,'IeAefli{q>> llopeQop'raeHnafl glrlox a

aKTep Il'3018 aJI

a

14

KalIIl'IraJln-

cb B ITeJIoM pocroM

^xap pa3ToDroBoro JIbHoBoAcrBa. 3ro llrpoflBJlflJlocb He roJIbKo B JrbHocblpbIX ,ni'r^ uacnQ6'oiluoro \npoMbIc,'Ia' lHo I{ B lflpoAa]Ke I{'Bo-

fIOnOeuHa C6Opa,TbHaLIKOHOIIJIII B BnnAe CeMflH KpecTbflHaMn ocnscxoro ye3Aa'Mac'toI'l or6oilnq M'6,nrpianluHblM 3 alBeAeH r4fl'M IrLl olIITo M cKyrlxlhKa M MluIecT'BeHHO nrpeil nlt' H ft ry6ep br flep'tr,cxo 3 a InpeAeJr nD a Brfl Jra,cb 'Bort, -r<r*oi zs'. Tax, s ia05 r' roJIb'Ko uepes ocuu, "trr."""" oKylo tflpn'crarsl 6lr,ro onlpalBr'IeHo Ha [I'poAq)Ky "IbHf Ho]ro.ceMeHH 174010 py6.vrBorloKHa f+OoS nya' ua42724 py6'2e'

"po^y*r.u.

JroKHa'nepeflpoAaBa,'Iacb

114

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28

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Tau xe, crP. l7l.

Tau xe, crp. 173.

B. LI. il e i u n. Ilonu. co6P. coq., r. 2, crp.351; I(a,ren4apu ileplrcrofi ry6epuun ua 1883 roa, crp.

ll.

Il. Cenr-eHos. feorpaQr.ruecxuft t.l crarncrl,t.]ecruii c,lonapl Pocctlii7ll' MnPnsu t.3CfI6.. 1867, crp' crP. 3, Cfl6., crofi uunepun, t.

-Auuauut"rsrt,ner'e ilepnncroro xpar' rlepnr'' 30 *"i.E. U:'it H. KpacHonePoe. ; ,"1 ;;;'";o u. AsaAua 29

1887, crp. 183.

T

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7518

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_^_B ra6;raue ,6o,'Iee lr,'Iu lrg'ee corn,ocTaBlrMbl-*rl'b Aa,HHbre 3a 1865-1890 roAbr, KofAa Ko,,rr{qecrBo 3alBeAeHali, cyrr,ria :nfo"r_ BOACTBa il qwcro rpa'60qHx, ga ue60nrurnM 'H,CK;rIO{eu,veu, ,no,{rl,

co,En zrASrOT C AarHHbIMtr{ tIIeD eII.H'cr{.

flo cne4euao* *orou-1"uxa $a6pzvHoro rzHcrreKropa, s lggg_ rr. a ry6ep'nnn ,Hac,rzrsreanoit 3 rpynHbrx fre.HbKo{npfl.[irJ]b_

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20, on. 12, ea. xp. 150, ,r,'r. 6l-78.

Ouepx cocroqHr.rq xycrapuoft nporrbllxJleHHocrn, crp. 158.

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0.

89

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84 rnv.u,.

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LIro npeAcrarB,'Ifl ,rH co6oii KaHarHoJBepeBor{rHble rgalseAeiII4q ?

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,B KynrypcKoM 'ye3Ae Bce 3aBeAeuu's '6stiln cocpeAororleHbl B !-'g16,(nrueprcxoft BoJIocrtl. Eollruuucr,Bo lT3 HHx I'I Mer'lo' rKpox{ e Macrepa, 'no 4 ,pat6o.u{x LI3 MacrepoBblx,; 'BbIAe,'IbIBaJlocb KalHaroB or 50d eo 1000- ry'AoB rsa cYM'MY 1,5-3,1 ruc. py6. Kpecruuu'H f. B. KoenH ,KaHarHyIo Qa6pur<y I'IMeiI B 4. Huaroti, Ha xoropoti pa6orano rpn Marcrepa I4 ABaAuart pai6'ounx H3. MacrepoBblx.

'Bupal6arlrni,ro,cr +200 nya. KaHarHbIX cuacreft ua 14700 py6.3e.

B'tr4p,fis1g*oM ye3Ae n Benocny.{cxoil so,'Io'crrl re 1878 f. 'Ha.cqnrbriBa,lrocr 150 cralH'Ko'B c ex{ero.4Hoii'nepepa6orxot? rso,'IoxHa

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I]fI4A

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132.

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3e

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42.

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1000 no 900'PY6., s 6-no 3aeei6uilq c KpyIlHbIM AoxoAoM 3l{cnJlyarl{poBa'rl{ B 3HaqlI'i'er'rbHorr norruu.ru" naensllft rpya. E' Ia' Kpi91^olepon' o6parBbIHy)K6arbtsaerxnfi Aa'sHue xycrap'noft lnepeillH'|c'Kl4 l894/95'r'' *E-\4, KpacHonepon. Kycrapuaa npoMbllr'leHuocrb' BbIII' III' crp'

133.135.136. ar Talt 42

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or

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as

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xoroilori

pa3Hbre

paooque ucnoJ'tHfltor pa3JII{qHbre onepaqfifi nocneAoBareJrlnofi o6pa6orKr{ cbr_ pbr: t) -rpenaHne neHb-Ku; 2) uecanue; 3) npsaenne; 4) cneprundnue e <<6yx_ rrlHbr>; 5) crrlo;leuue. 6) palvarrrraur.r-e ua '6apa6aue; '7) nionycrina. co craHKa B npoAbrpt3reHHyro aocKy; 8) nponycxaHfie rs{terl-s rryfyHHyroBry!'r"nro*

Kyi

HH

ot

y,

cKpyquBanwe

xfyroB,

cBr.rBaHr.re

KaHaroB

H.-llonn. co6p. cou., r. 3, crp. 396-397). 'co6p. '"r.

4E B. U. JI e n u H. flo,'rg. cou.,

2,

lr

co6upauue r.rx

(8. I4. "t e-

crp. J7O-371. Ta6nuna.

'Ocnnqee,cKoiii so,'r,ocrsx'KyurypcNofo ye3Aa .KsrHZTorB I{ BepeBoI( BF,rAed'rbrBaro,cb Ao 22 rstc. rryr. rHa cyMMy 51500 py6.4e. B 1898 r. s nxuoii qacrr.r I4p6nrcxoro ye3Aa 6uno 40 BepeBoqHo-npflAuJlbHbrx 3aBeAenuii ico 115 pa6oralourliMLI ,cer{et"{HblMLI 'u 87 uaeuilltlra 'pa6ouimrr4 r4 cyMMoft upou,seo4crBa or 56 ao 57 tltc. py6.50.

rlucroro AoxoAa rHa Ka)K,Aoe 3aBeAoH'lle lIIpHX'oAI{,'Iocl,1o 32 I'py6.

B ro,x,. llpa.lenrne rBepeBoK trlpor{3'Bo.rrlJo'cb IIpetrMylqecrlBe}nH'o B 3HMHee rBpeMfl Ha Ae'peBrrHHblx cra'HKax rnpocreftruerl xou,crpy,xHa'crarH.Kax c KOIHHbIM InpulBoAoM.

I\Hrr, a'B KpynHblx 3a,BeAeHllflx

Taxux'saeeAeHuri,6u,ro

rpn (e- Cropo4oucxoft .eonocrz). Ha o',u,crtple- BoJIoKB l2ea-

HOM CTaHKe {pa,6OTa,1O He r\{eHbIIIe rpex'qeJloBex. Ho KoHoIIJTH ,Ilprr4roronJrfl,rro'cb B co6crseHjHolt xogqficlse.

ae.q,eHr.rrx ye3Aa

roAoBan rsupa'6orxa co,cra's,'Iqna 805 inyA.

,Ha

cyMMy 2633 py6.

B l90l-1905 rr. EeHr,paMlI

BepeBoqHo-KaHarHoro

as O6sop fleprracr<oft ry6epHur.r

1897

npot4'3rn,or.-

crBa ocraBar'rr.rcb l4pi6'urcxr.rfi, Kyu,ryp'cxuit u llepu'cxufi yesAol, p a3BIlTOe .Bep eB,oqHo- KatH alHoe r[poH'38o,{cTBo H Mer'I',I,I uo,'II.I Ka,M cxr.rii yes,u,. KpytnHue 3arBe.qeunl grHX ye3AoB LIMed'tIr or 17'ao 35 pa,6ounx. TarK, a I4p,6nrcrov ye3Ae, s Cropo4oltcxoft BoJIocrI,I, B J. Mo"roxoBo rB 3aB€Aeutrn A. f. 'flosouapeea pa6orano 35 qeJoBeK, BaBe,IeHLIe rpa6orar-ro rpyrnriit r,o.1; y A. H. fl,ououapesa-20 pa6ovax, par6ora r,Jttuilacb 8 ,raecq'qen; ,I{ y f: A. Monoxosa- l4 pa6ouux, patlaluit rnepruoA- l2 Mecquee5l; y H. tr'L.i[pervruHa B Bbice,'r.Kax !,peuHu Vcrr- Kumeprcxofi Bor'IocrLI Kynrypcxoro ye3Aa pa6ora.ro l7 qe,rosex B rer{eHue B ltecsqee 52. 3Aecr'6ot,'rr4 3aBe.[eH]4s c 6,8, 9 u 56 pa6o'uuulr. B 4. lo,rqupeno Vcm-l(rarueprcxofi Bo,'rocrn B KaHarHo-npflApr,rbHoM 3aBeAeHHII Kpecrbfluusa H. E. lon.4rrpeBa, ocHoBaHH,oM B l856 r.,,Bbtpa6arbnBa,'tocb Ka,Har0B, 6yroH,pruux cuacreli, BepeBo,K, oTBopor Il nreftnore pasHbrx coproB 12 rlrc. nyr,. Ha 5l,B ruc. py6. Pa6ouux 6u,ro 48.

B sa'sereHr.ir tI. O. f,o,r,r,br,pesa, oorroBaHHoM re 1825 r., pa'6otaJ'ro 56 H€,i-r. 'Llx foAoBaf rnpoH3Bo[rITe.rbrlocrb cocraBr,qra 32,3 rurc. p"v6. B A. Huexaq, rB KaHarHoM r3&rBeA€HHH H. K. ApeMH,Ha (oouoeauo a 1875 r.), 'nupa6ari'lea,'Iocb K8,H3ToB Ha 40,7 ru,c. py6. H rrrfiarara ua 2,1 ruc. py6. Pa,6'ora,'ro 37 qe;roreer.

B eaeereHriru fI. C. KosHHa (ocuonaHo e 1882 r.) artpa6orxa ,r,ocrr.rfra 23 ruc. py'6. Pai6our.ix l6u,ro 44,'n ror't iqtrcJle Ha .4ouy 7.

B ga,neAesur{ C. A. A,peuuHa (oc,H,onanHoM s l88l r. rH tHaxo,{HrBlr€MCfi in ,1. !,peunua) raHaron mupal6arllBa,Toicb ua 22,2rutc. py6.v m,nafaroB Ha 1,1 rurc. py6. Pa6oqnx6u,ro34.B.q.Me.uee.c,eso, Ocuriqencxoft Bo,'rocrn B 3aBeAeHar{ r{eqaHuHa M. O. Mer50

sa

r., flepuo,

<Ileplrcrne ry6epncxre Be.[,oMocrur)i, 1898, crp.

5l i{enxue npoMbrrrl"qeHHbre 3aBeAeHl'rfi , crp.151. r'2 Tav xe, crp. 88.

1898, crp. 47

248.

93

BeAeBa 19 pa6o,uuun nlrpa,6artrBa,'rocb_Ka'HaTOiB,,BepeBO.K 1l{ t[rllararolB rB .oa nu 8 ruc. py6. 5t. y 14. 14. Jlanreea ie ;1' Ou"rlua KHracoscxoi'I'Bo,'Iocr[ Co,nuravcro'rc ye3Aa rB KaHarHo-BepeBoqHoM 3a'BeAein'un'6r,tno 24'pa6ouux, pa6ora \[poro,'I)Ka,'Iacs-7 vecrrleB B fo.qy54. y K. E. d,rpa3Hr4Kosa 's A. B.-Byrranosa Vnsu'H'

cxoft so,rocrn flep'ucxoro yesla par6oralo 20 qeroieeK, pa6ouurt

fiepuoA- B'cero 4 ueosua 55. B sateeAeFII'114 tl'H')KeHepa-TexHoi]ora H.^ H. HorB,oKpeueHHbIX B 5,. @po;roea, B.-My,lnn-H'cxofi Bo,ryo'crl'l

flepu,cxono y6saa 6utto 24 pa6our'rx.-B ro4 'nupa6arblea,tocb KaHaroB H tsepeBoK ,Ha 27,3 rirc. py6. 56.

Taxuu o6paeou, KarnarHo-BepoBoerH'o€ lilpo'n3BoAcrBo'Bo'BTopoft no,ronuHe XIX BeKa HaxoAud'locb Ha pa3r'lnqHblx craAllrx coIril aJrbHofo pa3BHTI,Ifl: ,or MeJIKI'IX 'saeeAeHuft rn Qopue KaTIIHTaJIIIcrfi,{eCxOfi Cenreilnoil KOonepaqu14 Ao KpyIIHbIx re QOpirne Ka[Ill'Ira,rr.rcruqecKofr uaHySarrypli (npnloH'Ire I{ cKpyqrfi'Ba'HHe nepenox)

fi

KAilUTArrH'CTI,lqeCKOft $a6pnxu. B,raAe,rlqax{'H'Mer'KI',IX lilpeAnparraii 6u,ru 'no rltpetlMyxrecrBy KpecrbqlH_e, 'MaHyQaKTyp H

Qa,6pux - rop,ryto,uue KpecrbqHe I'I KyrIIrbr. Cpe,1,u lB,'lare,'lbueB I4p6nrcxoro ye3Aa Bcrpeqa,r[cb Kp'ecrbaHe, BL{xoAIrbI saeeAeul.rfi ua ApAaroeoKoro ye3Aa HNxero'poAcxoii'ry6epHran.

Ka'saruo.sepeBoqHoe lnpoH3rBo!,crBo recHo 6bulo cBfl3aHo c

p

agiEI4TI'I€M TOpIOBCTO'3eMJ'leAe,lll'Ifl

/H'KaIII4TaJIll'lCTl{qeCKI'lX O'rHO-

lurenuft ,B KpecrbqHcxolt xo3qftcree. C6llr rtpo,ryKlrrna ocyu{eclBJflroq caM.ocToqTerbHo KpecrbqrHaMH-Kycrap'fMH n qepe3'cKyIIIIIi4KOB Ha topHble 3aBOAbl, Ha qpMapKI.{, KpecTbflHaM, 3aHI',lMaBIIII4MtCfl I.ISBOB'OM, CyAO;BJrale,'IlqaiU. B ro x{e EpeMs pa3MeuleH[e ea'Be,{eHI.{ft rIIo lIIpoimrBdAcrBy KarHaToB, BepeBolK u nepeeo,uuoft

ro, qro roprHo3zlBo.Il,c{Koe Ha3ro eure pa3 AoKa3bt'1Baer ro, o,6ecneqe,Haq .roua,leti LI xopos xop-

c,6py,IE rl'o ry6epHxrn yKar3bltBaer Tia ceJIeHrI{e orofo rlr'poMbr,cJIa iHe 3Ha!'r'o.

rITo, r4Mefl

rcerHoKo,cbr

A,rg

MOM, fOpHO3ZI;B,O.{CKO€ HaCeJreHUe'Ce,'Ib'CI(HM XOSgiiCrg'ON',l, KaK TaKOIBbIM. He 3aHHMad'lOCF,.

[a,u,uul,m rno [por{'3BoAcrBy xo,'Ircra MbI rrror{Tr,I H€ 'pSerlo;'ItraeM, TaK KaK ero eupa6orxa HocrrJra, Mo)KHo,npeAloJrafarb, xapaKTep AorM auHefo I]p o'rr'3BOAcTB a.,f]rp Il geM q a,cTb AoM aIrIH'I.{x 3 a BeAe-

vuir '6rtna rIaJIfi

lr

XOJICTbt 3aBo,u,ax.

it

irIpOAarSau'r'U

V rpecrlflH

cKynu1tIKH rcKy6O,'rU[IHMn lIIapTl4flMrt{ Ha gpMapKaX

)noAqnrHeHa 'cKynIr.1r.IKaM.

fi,rrra xpynuaroqHbrx ]reJrbHltu rno p. I4'cerh e 1875 r. rBJraJLeJbqa,lru ,6lr.no 38'roro'Br'reHo xoJrcra 3930 ruc. ?,orrrnrH. 3ror xo;rcr 53

Cnscox $a6pnx H 3aBoAoB, crp. 104,

sa Talr xe.

5s Tau xe, 56 Cnucor

cro. crb.

45.

68.

Qa6pur<

94

r.r

3aBoaoB,

crp.

105.

105.

3aKyflaflcq rHa flpMapKax lno 5 'Kon. 3a apul'IH 'HA 'CyNlMV 196500 pV6. n y Aolcra'BJlfllBlllux efo Ha Me"IbH'I'lIrbI - oKpecrHr'Ix np".to"it' Ixarepu,n6ypricKoro' Kalllrur,roecKofo'n ILIa^ptl'n'cxoto ye3AoB "'.

"B o6sope flep,u,cxofi ry6epnun ea 1897 rr. lrpoMe/Ir,KHyr'Io coo6ureurne o lov, qro iB KatMlru:,ro'scxol4 ye3Ae pacnpocrpaHeHa ,npqxH. l4'3foroB6sI.na Bu"[,eJIlKa AoMalx,Heto xo.rrcTa H3 r'rbHfllHOtr cyN{My OKoJIO Ha a.purl4H rltc.

314 OKOJI'O npoAa>KH ;-reHo A,'rf fipllMI4r'l4B'Hufi. 3Aecl >Ke, otc-o6eHrHo 'B 32 ruc. py6. llpovuce.l Ao 129 qeroeex frn"q^ofi," Karad.roilr ,u Hr.rxonrcNoft reono.r'x, 58' Ha 3axa3 oAex{Ay 'Kpecrb'qH'oKyI'o r.ISroToBntuIu B 1889-1893 rlr. Aefi'crrBoBa,Ila Bcerfo oAHa fit'Ho{fipflAunbHaq MexaHlrqecKaq rKaqKarr Qa6praxa E' T. )Kuparxosoft'npr .1' Koiuourxunofi ExarepNn'6yprcKoro ye34q. Ha $a6puKe . paOora"Io 207 qenoeeK, B Tol/t quc.tre )KeH[luH - 89, noapocrKoB: 4 ltyxcxofo TIIoJI& il l0 xeHcxoto5e. Lo lB93 r. Elacrb 'pyq'Hblx rKaT\KI'Ix cTaHKO,B,6Hna SaMeH€H21,MeX2rHliqegKllMLL Pyunlre ctarsKll 6u,tt't po3Aa,Hbr TKaqarM, rKoTopbre TKailv a,ln sa6pnKH, Inoflyqatl oT Hee qeM Ino'3ilpnxy. lloarouy $a6purxa iBbllnycKaJla 6o,ruue'[o"I'orua' 60. B 1901 r' 'r.rMeB[rrl4ecs craHKI'I T,KaUK]re ,nefi sa 'nasroft Bo,'rqjlr.r

6a6pure, rlpllHaAJle)Kasmeil B. C. XnprKoBy, HacqnrHearocn 188 gSOt pa6oqux. @at6puxa BbIIIycKaJIa ,'IbHflHbIe MeIIKI'I f - oKo"lo' OKor'Io HI4rKH, ,'IbH'HbIe py6., cy,poeble ruc.

200 Ha rrrr. rurb.

800 40 ruc. p6. foaonarr rrporl,3BoAllrerbHocrr Sa655 "u rurc. py6' llepepa6arlrsa,'Iocb 'TbHa J.o b rbl'c' 'nye.240,0 ""i.. pr4KH oKoJIo 25 tot.. py6., xylenn ag^3Q rbl'c. rnyA. rua 80 TlIc' py6'u'' iV". "' Jluronpaaaninaq'rraura's "u Sat6plrra <T-eo <Rf' Xtaxapoelt>> Bltrpa6arunana rr. ,ocuoBaHa r.-E'x-arepuu6ypre. iB e lB98 6u.ira oHa .IIb-HgHbIe,Metu,Kr.r. loAoeaq rIIpot43BoAr.rTer'IbHOCTb sa6puxn 358 ruc. py6., xonunrecrno pa6ouux-48362. co crotl,HHe Kp a ,Il,op].r,coreu n aer Ka p rr.r Hy rn p oH 3'BoACrB a xO Jricra cHJrrrH,oro ,r.rJri{ c?r,Hr.rJrbHofo-,iteJra. ll,po,ratrcul oTOT B lleplacxoft'ry-

oKp a'IIrH 6ep Hnu Hocz JI HCK,rtIoeI{r€r'IbHo p e M ec^Jle5 ur-rft x a p aKrep 63. B KynrypcKoM ye3Ae' 'B BoKpecrbtlH rKaHefi BaH'r4e AoMaTIIIHI{x ,,,rocrrrx AcoecNofi Eepesoncxoft r.r vrcrl-Ku urep rcro it SI4H'H JI bHbI M

-

,

3aqqro 6lt,ro Ao 25 rqe.['oeex 'c qurcrblM AoxoAoM .x,o py6., npu cyMMe .r'porl3'BoAcllea 670^0 Py6.un. flo Aa,nsltu 2'ruc.

Ha 1899 r. n yesAe 'eltpa6arunadllolcb ao 1300 apull'IH xo,'I'ureBblx IIDoMbI,c,'roM

57

ilfB,

1876, N9 26. ss O6sop fleprurcxofi ry6epHr'rra sa 1897 roa, se fAnO. S.-65, on. 1,.n. 132, ,'r. o6.

60 Tau xe,-.n. 2 o6.

6r Cnucox $a6pur I'I 3aBoaoB' crp' 105.

I

62

Talr

crp 4l.

x<e.

63 Cu.: B. 14. JI e n u s. flons. co6p. cou., r- 2, crp. 329.

64 O63op fleprrlcxoft ry6epnnr.r ga 1897 r., crp. 46.

95

cKarepreli. C6lreanncr oiHr{ Ha ,flpMaprKax Ky,urypcroro, flep'ucKoro, Octtu'oxor,o u I(,pacuoy$rlucxoro ye3AoB 65. Traqxnfi npo]rbrce,r (ro,r,cra) 6rrn pasenr e LlIa4prnHCKoM yesAe, r4e uu 6u-

,ro 3aHsro oKoJro 1300 qe.lo'sex66.

Bo.nee ,no4po6uue cBeAeHr.rrr o oupa6orKe xo.rrcra Mbr Mo)r(eM noqepmHyTb r43 ,,{sHrHbrX o Kpacfi,'rbHbrx 3aBeAerrr{flx iB ry6epHnn. [4x Ha{c.rrirbr,Ba,ro,cb: 67 e l865 r. 9 c ,cynruoft tlpor{3'BoAcrrBa - r.-27 c cyuvoft 6301 py6.

1992 py6..npu l0 par6o,{rx; re 1878 upu 3l pa'6oveu (n ror.l qficJre 27 celreftHtrx B KpacuJrbHbrx 14 Ha6r.rnuux);s 1885 c ,cyr,nroft 5000 py6. fipu 22 pa6ou,nx; s Ocl.rHcxotr ye3Ae Kpaca!'rbHbrM rrpoMblc,'roM 3aur4Ma,rocl 45 AsopoB c qeHHocrbro mpor.r3BoAcrsa re 1820 py6.68. B 1900 r. a Erarepau6yprcKoM ye3Ae Kpacr.rJrbubrM [poMbrcJoM,3aHrrro 6amo20 .4Bopo'B s l3 ce,'reHrrrsx tc cyr.ruoil [porr'3{BoAclna 6489 py6. 6e.

r.-12

B l90l-1905 rr.

,Haoqr.rrbrBaJrocl

qLI'croM Pal6oqux 637, ogu oKor'ro 929 rlrc. py6.70.

cnelyer

445

cHHHJrb,Hbrx

saeelegnft,c Ha cyM]ry

npoLr3BoA1L'r'1,1 rnpoAy,Kq,,rrv

3a,Merr.rTb, qTo {B Kpacu,lrbHbrx 3aBeAeH{r4flX o,cyqecTB-

r'rtJlacb clIHbKa xo,rlcTa H IIpgX(lr rB MOTaX. cilglra x,odllcTa oueHr.rBaJracb or 3 Ao 14 xon. 3a apurlH, rrp-rrxrr or I 4o 12 ron. :]_a QyHr. tflounuo c?rHeHufl, n,po,r.r3B,oAr.Jralct ,sa'6ofixa xo,'rcra Ky6o'eoii xpacKorl, nosroMy rB clMM! trr,por{,3BoAcrBa orrlx ea,ee4eHrail BoIIrJra'cro'LlMocrb Bcex'BbItrIo,'IHeHHbIX D a6o,r.

O4Horo 6en,o'ro xoJr,cra rno KaMbrrx,'roBcKoMy, KyHrypcrouy, -6u.no O^xau,oxouy, flepu,crouy u ExareprrH6yprcxovy ye:4an n 1878 r. ocHHeHo rr {npou3Be,AeHa ua6dftr<a riy6oeoft xpacroft 188800 apulr,H, np'r.JqeM rB flepn,tcxov ye3Ae, ,B IZrbr.rucx,ofi'sb,,rocrn (5 a;agenlqee), Cpe4He-E'r,arHoxoii rBo,rocrr,r (s. A. Ca4xoeofi) H s Kpi{rBerrr<o.rt so,'rocra (1. KnenrruHa 14 a. Cy66oruHa) (e,cero oKparrreHo xoJr,cra I l0- rsrc. apurrln Ha !^'91aaernt3ee_) 6lr"ro 2970 py6, Pa,6oraln ,caMl.r 'BJraAe,rrbrlblc ceMbrrMrr{ 71. B Oxancrolr ye3Ae 8 snaAe,'rrqeB-KpecrbflH npr4 AByx HaeMHbrx pa6o,uzx oxpacHJ[r ,B rc:,1lt:f'Hit 'U roryi60ri r_kBeTa 22 Tbrc. aprur.rH xoJrcTa fi{a 1207 py6. 3.u,eco rnpoMbrceir t6br,t paanpo,crpaHeu ,s na,sro,Bcrorl,

-tsosHeceHcxoft

H HoeounluHcxofi

Bo,'rocrflx. 3aseAeHaq 6H,,rz

6t Tair xe, sa 1899 r., llepur, 1g00, crp. 43.

-^^_lu ^Ojqop_Aeqrer'rbHocrr.r 3eMcrB 1897) Cn6, 1897, crp.90.

67

sa

3a

1878

€qer^br_u

no xycrapHoil

rpor\{buxJ'reHHocru

(1865-

r. IIfHA_CCCP, 0.20, on.3, er. xp.2349, ,r. l9 o6. (crp. 14); CCCP, 0. 20, on. 12, ea. xp.'t51 o6, nn.4l0-,ibl. noarpynrrrpoBKa Harrra; 3a 1885 r.-ldfUA CCCP, 0. 20, on. 12, et.

1865

r.-IlfI4A

xp.255, a.8.

68 lI C. C ll r o e. Ouepx 4na.4qaruneruefi AeqreJ'rbHocril OcrHcxoro eelrcrna. Oca, lB9l, crp. 15.

0e O_6sop flepnicxorl ry6epuuu ga 1900 n., flepnm, 1901, crp. 2O-Zl. /u .A{e,'rKHe npoN!bnrJreHHbre 3aBeAeuur, crp. XIV-XV. 71 II|I4A CCCP, 0. 20, on. 12, ea. xp. [5] 6, ,r;r. 429-4b7.llo,(cqerar n

fp) nnHpoBKa Haun.

96

o6opygoeanbl oAHttM-ABy,laa xy6auu, pe.il,Ko rpeMs' Cpe.uu r'na.l.rlqau BaeeAe'nft 'e Oiaucrou ye:4e-6stnn xpecrs'ue E.na,6yxcKoro ye3Aa Bqrcxoli ry6eprgrx's. rKaK It rKauKHe xoJITaralr 'o6pasou, KpacI'lJIbHbIe 3arBeAgHllf, .p eMecJIeHHorc fi poI,I.3 BoAI-r auHero al{Tep Xap Ao'M IIIoBbIe, HOcI4,,Iu

3aKa3qI'IKo'B I,r Ha .c,oMy Ha 'cKynlr{l4KoB)' C;r6AoearenbHo, I\1ac"'lor6ofi'sue 3aBeAeH'fitl KarK 'B /u-x' raK 'l'I e 90-x fo.u,ax MeJIKHe (c l-2 pa'6our'rir'rn). B 1878 f' K.'H'H3IUeMy pa3pflIy fpynllbl MeJI'Krx {yc^rap!b]ll- {nprl'tr112Ont*aJlo IJb saBe-

crea (par6orbl Ha

x'eucrueuy 2; B 1894-1895 r. Hs 185 rz'cc.rre^oBaHHblx ' saperl{crpI'r'poBa uo 207 ) K HI'l3IxeMy p a3psAy- orHo(acero'6r,tno drno.o 109, x rcf eaHety i'l K 'Bblo'uevy -27 3,rB€A€HI{fi' Macno6oirsue 3alBeAe"HHfl flepurcroil ry6epHur.r, 'B orr'Irnq'I{e or ApyrHX aropoft 'JI.JI'6'''IHbI X IX,sep a riOHoe CTp srHbr, H a nlpbrfl 'neHilH'sceii !Mer.lKAMI4.

Ka OCTaBaJII4Cb KauarHux 'saeeAeHuft 6Hno is 1878 r. 24 'c- cyurraoft lnpon'snog'o*ono 136 rtrc. py6.v qHcJroM pa6ouux 311-321. 3 saeeAe"""u Hr4fl flrB,'r,sJrl{Cl Qa,6p,r.rraM'v, 14 sa,eeAeuuft 'oTIIOCI,IJIHICb K CpeAHepa3N{y pa3pqAy Me.II,KHX KycrapHblx- 3a'BeAeHnft u 7 - K 'BbltcileMy oqnv rbii )Ke rpy,rrrbr."B 1894/95 r. roJtb'Ko B'yeeAax 6u,ro sapeirct"prp*a,no i64 3aBeAe'HH'fl 'c cyuuoft lttpol'{3'BoAcr^B^a oKo"lo O6c.n-eaosaHo 6stro 6U 3a'BeAe107 iuc. ,py6. 'np'n 317 pa6ouux. 'r"raHy$axtypuofi craAI4I'I, 49 nuh, us r<bropix 4 - ttusurero pasprAa, 7-cpe4nero n 8-Bblclrero pa3pflAa'rpyilrlbl MeJIKI'IX

len'ut

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- Haroueq, MbI 'EnAI'IM, qro rnpoqeoc pa3Bllrl'll rop'foBoro eeM,,'IE,U,ETH'I 'B ,CB'I3'I'I'C EMK?IM IEHYTPCHHNM PbIHKOM 'I''IYOOKO IN'POHII'IK

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XIX sn. npeAcraBrqer co6orl rpenocrHofi rearp.

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I4ssecreH, xorq I{ qacrl{qHo, pelepryap 22 xpenocrHblx reze 173, :aSuxcHpoBaHHbIX B tlleqarHblx t4 croqHnKax'. arpoB OAsaxo o cytllecrnoBalukr Kpefiocrnoro rearpa ua Vpa,le ue coAepx{Hrcfl cseAeHnli HLI B_ oAHoM KpyrIHoM nccJIeAoBaHI.tIIr IIocBrruleHHoM LIcTOpHLI reaTpa

B oAHoft ua

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CnepA,roncxul.t co6ltparenerr,t IO. M. Kypour<r'rHuM c-AeJIal{a 11onbITKa co6parl ?l cllcreMarx3I'lpoBarb 6olluroli ir'rarepr.IaJI o rearpaabHoM IIpoIxJIoM Vpala u, B r{acrHocrl{' Tearpa s I,Inrr.IHcxoM, xors pa6ora ero_ I'l He IIpereHAoBaJIa FIa [oJIHory

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Typbr, nepno4uuecrotl [eqarl'I npo_c_JIer,l'lrb HcropI{rc Tearpa B I,l,rlzncxoir,r Ha nporqx{enI'tlI Bcero XIX e., BbIllBI'Irb xpoHoJIorHqecKlie paMKu ero cyqecTBoBaHHf ' penepTyap ucIIoJIHgeMbI\ npoLIsBeAeHLrft , coctan ucIIo,'IHI'ITeJIeti : axrepoe, xyAoxHI4KoB, My3brKaHToB, a raKx{e u coquaJlbHltft cocras spHre.neft.

H3 crapblx inoce,resuli llepnncxoi't Ce.no I4,rurHcKoe - oAHoCrporaHoauru, r6otatblM MeIIeHaraM, ry6epnun 3 C.

-,[pHHaA,rIe>KaJIo a H x Jr o n. Ouepxu flo llcroptill pyccKoro ApaMarlrqecKofo rear-

CA

pa.M.-JI., 1948, crP. 144. ' 4 T. A. AuHHr.rK. Kpenocruoir rearp. M'-JI., 1933' crp.. lll-ll2' 53ru. 6ecKuH.KpenocrHoft rearp. M.-J7.' 1927:' T. A. AbIHHHK' Vras. cou., C. C. A a H I.i JI o s. Vra3. coq6 A. K. III a p u. flyrr rearpa. A.nrltasax <flpuxarr,me>, 1947' Ne l0' cro.

324. ' 7IO. M. KypoqKlrIr. I4s rearpaJ'IbHoro npou,'loro Vpa,ra. CnepAnoncx, 1957.

E B. B. M y x r.r n. Ky,'rlrypa Vpa,ra n nepuoA Kafl'tra,'ILI3Ma. B xn. <I4c:ropul l, fleput, 1963, crp. 223-224.

Vpa,rao, ' e Taur. xe. cio. 348.

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cKoM ye3Aax.

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B 1837 r. BoceMHaArlarr.rJrerHuft n. V. Me.lttultr<os oKoHr{u.,r KasaHcrr.rri yHuB_epcr,rrer u 6u.n ocraBJreH npr.{ HeM AJrfl ycoBepIleHcrBoBaHnn. Bcxope, oAHaKo, 3a <<ttpoBl,tHHocrb>> oH 6ttl Ha3HaqeH ye3AHbrM yqr4reJreM B 3axoJryctruft IIIa4pnucx llepnncxoii ry6epuun r{ HeMeAJleHHo <<np}r yHr.rBepcr.rrercKoM coJrAare>> oTnpaBJreH o llepuu t2. ilutut 6.naro4apn <<MZd'IocrH HaqaJrbcrBa)> ero ocTaBHJII{ 3AeCb yI{HTeJIeM HCTOpUH II CTaTI{CTr.IKH B rHMHa1HLI.

B flepnrn 6yayurnft rrucarer'rb rrpoxr.lJr r0 B. I4. .II e u u n. flo.nn. co6p. cou.,

, tt @_. C. f o q o a o ft. flaAeslre Vpa"'ra. fleprvru, 1961, crp. 30. t2

n. U. MersHr.rKoB I, 1909, ctp.24.

CfI6, r.

100

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3, crp. 485-486.

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(Au.u,pefi flevepcrr.rfi).

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Bpellfl BHI{Mare,'IbHo H3yr{afl Kpafi, <<Tax, o}i e3AI'i,'I Ha ypaJlbcK}le 13.

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Bor .{io IIH9aJI oH TorAa s eocll{oli rJIaBe <<3anucox>>: <<...O't ,'reKapq r\rbl ornpaBvnucb-KaK BbI AyMaere, KyAa? n rearp!!!

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Ha orcyrcrBlle rearpantnoit fpynllbl s flepN{u B KoHIre rpi'IAqarbrx foAoB, Ho y>Ke i tg+O r. rpynna fI. A. CoroJIoBa u3 Kasarttr nocerHJra llepml u Barxyrs, 3 c 1843_r. 3ror rearpanlsLtli xo"rr-r€KrHB HaBCerAa nepee3x{aer ua Vpan16.

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CnyvatiHoe AopoxHoe Bneqard'IeHue fi. Ll. MentHlaxoea-fleqopcKofo Aonor'IHqercg Apytl.rMLI HCTOqHI'lKaMA. 3rO, K IIpIrMepJ,'.

13

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t f7.Vl.

r. ts

1898,

MearHaKoB

(Anapefi lleuepcrnft). Hea. M. O. Bo;rr$, 1897-

crp. 315-316.

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<<Ea6yruxa ypa,'lr,cKoro rearpa-E' A. I'laanoea>>, Ceepa,roscx, 1969, crp. 44.

'16 locyAapcrseHiurir apxr.ra flepucxofi o6racru (fAnO), Q. 944, ou. l,

a. 335, .r.

2.

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r. XII,

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Ouepx <<KarepuHa A,rexceeeHa>> B[epBbIe Ha[er{araH ero B rasere <<Exarepuu6yprcKafl HeAe,'rfl>> e 1892 r. B ueu Aasa

xapaKrepucrr{Ka orsourenufi, uapr.iBrxux B KpefiocrHoe BpeMrr MelKAy aaeoAcxori rr ylpaB,'reHqecxori apucroKparueh u MoJroAbrMfi C,rry)KarqHMr.l It3 KpenocTHblx, BbIcTyIIaBuIltM14 B KaqecTBe aKrepoB B 3aBoAcKoM rearpe. Ha Qone srHX orHotueHnrl paaurpbrBaercfl Tpafuqecxar r.rcroprrfl Aor{eplr yrrpaBJrrru-,rro6oelcMepTbIo ulefo ll MoJroAofo aKTepa, 3aKoHr{r.rB[Iagct lrocr'teAHelo u cKauAa,rrbHori ceaAo6ofi KarepuHrr AneKceesHH 18.

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flpuraure.

14 ero BepHo r{e roJrbKo rroroMy, qro cxoAHoe onr{caHr.ie rearpa lrMeercr y ll. tr4. Me,rlnrzxona-lleuopcKofo, Ho H rro MHo)KecrBy 6Hroelrx u ronorpaQHr{ecKr4x Aera,reir, xapaKTepHbI-\ n

To,'rbr(o A.r g tr4,rragcxoro.

<<3ro 6uno AaBHo /rer copoK, a no>xa,ryli, lt c xBocrucrapyulKa-HflHrI, or Jllrqa xoropori BeAercn - ronopuT paccKa3. Ecrn npe4no,'rolKr.rrb, qro A. A. Kupnuuir.rKoBa cdrlylxar'Ia paccKas crapyruKu (o venr oHa H coo6uaer Bo Bcryuleuun) , 4axe 6yAyuu B3pocJrori, s 60-x rf., ro r.r rofAa npocrar apuQlteutKa roAcKa3brBaer, qro BpeMfl 4er.rcrsllR paccKa3a cJleAyer orHecrr.r i{ cepeAr.rue 20-x roAoB XIX s. 22. <<OAHo roJibKo yAoBoJIbcrBHe ...sro Tearp. On y uac cbr3AatsHa BeJIcfl> 23, coo6rqaer AadIIee-paccKa3r{Hl{a, noATBep)KAatr Bbr- B tr4,ryu.rscxolr cyulecrBoBaJr 3aAo,rrfo Ao rroceueBoA, qro rearp Hrrrr ero n. n. Me,rtHuxoeuu-lleuopcxulr. <<llpe4craBJrsJru B HeM KoM...>> 21,

fl.

18 C. 6orocr'roBcKuri. Corpyannqa <CospeMeHHHKa)> n <<OreqecrBeHHbrx sarrlrcox)> nepMcKafl nucarenbHnqa A. A. KtpnulrrKosa. B xu. <<fleplrcxur?.^xp_aene,4recruri c6opHr.rK)>, Bbrn. II, lleprral, 1926, crp. 87. t: A. A. I( r.r p n Ir ut r.r K o n a. rlonecr4 paccKa3bl, ortepKr.t. llepus, 1956, crp. 744.

20 Paccxa3lr r.I noBecru

1956,

crp.

AopeBor'troquoHHbrx

A. Kupnrurr.rKosa. :l A IO.4l.KVpoqKun.

,^__22 1957,

Vxas. cou., crp. 600.

I,Is rearparrbHofo npoutJ'roro Vpa,ra.

crp. 54.

A. A. Krprrulrr(ona. Vras. cou., crp.600.

23

102

nlcare,leii Vpa,ra. Ceep4noecx,

483.

Cnepa,,roncx,

ilp14Ka3rIHKr.{ Ir3 BOTTII'lHHOfO }np?BileHI'Ifi, H orleHb xopouo Ii 3aHflTHO [peAcraB,'Iq,'IH. EbUII.r Aa>Ke I'I COBCeM OCO6eHHble aKTepbI' 3a ro roJbKO HM Ll )KaJIOBaHbe rrnarhJrrl, qro oHI'l BTeaTpel{rpa,r1{

tr Ky,'rHcbr pacnHcF,IBaJIu. AKTepoK )Ke Hacrofl[lux cnepBo]Iaqar]r z3oL6pa3IlTb, To He 6uno, a e)KeJIH AeBI4Ily I4JILT AaMy HaAo 24.

H3o6pax{a,r>> H c,ryx{aquii noMo,rro)Ke KoTopbrrt Vxe B 3ToM He6orbrxoM orpblBKe MbI HaxoAItM HeKoropble MoMeHrbr, cxoAHble c orIHcaHI4eM I'L'IbHHCKOTO Tearpa y n. 14.Me.ulHhKoBa-fIer{opcKof o.

B rexcre paccKa3a llMelorcfl 6Hroebte Aerad{Il' npeAcraB,IIl-

Iorrlr4e lrgrepec Ar'Iq HCcIeAoBareJIeli IICTop I{rI Kpg[O1THOTO TeaTp a : aKrepa Bacu.rtng Eo6<<...BoJIocbI y Hefo (y repor paccKa3a HocI4JI I'lx A,rlul{Hr'IMII poBa.- il. O.) 6ltnt'r goJHI'IcrbIe, TeMHbIe, A.4q TOTO, I{T06 JOBqCC 6bUIO K AJII4HHbiM BOJ'IOCAM KOCY TIPHNJ'IC' raTb 11 )KeHcKyro npl1qecKy ycrpa].lBaTb. A 6Heano' qro I4 napllK

Ir flapI,IKH y Hac BoAH,rIIlCb, ]I KOCTIOMbI ecfKile25"' Bceny 3roMy (axrepcrortly ucKyccrBy.-il' O.) ona o6yuana HaAeBa,II,

(Karepuna AnexceesHa, repol4Hn paccKa3a' Aoqb yrlpaB/'lqlou.e17. O.) e xonrnaHlzt{ c pex{I4ccepoM, qHHraKoli 6unyoAHoro r43 aKTepoB. 3eanu sTOfO aKTepa Bacu,rneM I4BaHOBUqeM, Ii BCSNI oH B TeaTpe 3aBeAoBarl 14 3aIIpaB,'Ig,'I... t{eIoBex og 6u,r y)Ke IIO)KU.lroli H CeMefiHbIIl, { caM pa3Hblx 6.uarOpOAultx crapl'IKOB I'lfpblBail' Oxory K rearpy 6o,rluryro I'lMeJI H, xora cnyx6y Hec xopolxylo!

io-

TeaTpOll y!'Iyr{a,u BpeMq 3aunN{atlcg>> 26' <<...KaNAylo HeAe,IIn 'no ABa pa3a B Tearpbl Atpailu' B BocKpeCerlbe lI B rIeTBepf, IZ HapoAy B TeaTpe BCerAa MHOIO 6bIBa"IO' Aa27'

saBoAos c'exarl'rcb cMorperb>> ;Ke H3 COCe.ILHHX a"' ' y3Harb TaK)Ke o BpeNIeHu rearpaJlbHoro tr4s paccxasa Mo)KHo ce3oHa: <<...Bed'IHKI]M nocroM TeaTp ilpeKparHJIr4, Ha rlacxe noufpaJlli rreMHoro, a IIOTOM pO3AbIX AaJIH aKTepaM Ha Bce ,rero>> ", o cy_UICCTBOBAHI,IH IIPtI TCATPC IIOCTO'IHHOIO OPKCCTPA, KOTOPbIlI <<My3brKori aceft sanpaB,'IxJI B Tearpe>> 2e, o penerfiqfiqx: <<...KaK

urpalor irro HfpaHHOe, TaK K HaM Ue CO6UparcTCfl, a KaK HOBOe rlro 3aAyMaror, To HenpeMeHHo y Hac BeqepoM penerllUun 6lteadla, a ro H ABe>> 30, o penepryape: <<...A.nerceit l4rHarleeuu (r' e' ynpaBrrredrb.- n. O.) oqeHb ,rro6u.it Bce cepbe3Hoe, To, qro 31, apiruoti HasblBaercn, a BoAeBI'IJII'I 3Tli raK oll I'I He cMorpe,'L..>> ylxe,'l' cKasa"Ia cyQ,rep <<...Aa u BeAb o Haltrrq'Tu cy$nepa: 2a 25 26 27

Talr xe.

Talr >xe, crp. 601.

Tav xe, crp. 602.

Talr xe.

28 Talr xe.

2s Tan xe, crp. 603.

30 Talr xe, crp. 604.

3l Tau xe.

103

Karepuua A.nerceenna)) 32, o Ha3BaHratz ucflo,rnfleMbrx npon3BeAeHr.rfi: <<... Hy xorb <<@u.rarxy n Mupourxy> (noAenu.nn fpuroprena.- If . O.) flocraBr.r,rr 6sr, cKa3ad'ra Karepuua A.rexceeaHa>> 33, o cyuecrBoBarv.n rearpaJrbHbrx aQraur H errle o MHorou ,4pyfoM.

Ouepx A. A. Kupnuuluxonori noArBepxAaer MHer{}ie o ror\r, qro rearp s llnbvncxoM cy[recrBoBa,'r c Hairadra 20-x roAos, ;r MolKer 6lrrl, r.l eu1e paHbue, qro ou 6u"'r nocroflHHo 4,eficreyrc-

uIHM, HMeJI eCe HeO6XOAHMbre yCJIOBHtt 4nn pa6Ortt H no,rrb3oBar'rcfl nolyJrrpHocrbro oKpecrHofo sace,resas 3a.

B crarre <<K ncropulr rearpa e llepucxori ry6epHran> pelKuc-

cep r.rJrbnHcKoro rearpa IL B. Crcses yKasblBaJr na cre4yrcqrtfi flro6onbrrHbrri Qaxr: 3a Becb XIX s. <<...HarruHar c 20-x roAoB TeKyurefo croJrerllfl, y)r(e rpH 3AaHHtr rearpa cfopeJlo e tr4,'Irt.rt{oo.

cKoM.,.>>

n. U. Me.llHrlxosa-fleuopcxoro rearp 3a6rtgtxero [plrxoAcKofo yqu,'rurua, To rro oT3brBailr Apyroro coBpeMeHHnra - A. A. Bo.tor4zua, BrrocJreAcrB[rI,t 3aBerAS/roqero Z.nursc;xnu My3eeM, <<...'B 1850-x roAax rearp cyIIIecrBoBaJr s 6HsrxeM <<croJroBoM>> AoMe, Koroplrft uaxo,1u,'rc,q Hr.rx{e, TaK Ha3brBaeMoro cer.reftHoro AoMa, cfopeBruero s 1874 Ec.nn no BpeMeHa

Hr.rMaJI SAaHr.re

roAyr>

36.

[Io

cBr4lAereJrbc'fBy,

rorlaurHerl

<<...3TO noJrypaSBaJIr{BUreecfl

3AaHlte

lllepnoAr{

qecK,oft [er{artr,

CJryx<}r,'rO KOrAa-TO yrcruot?

rnaprupofi 3AerxHr.rx Me,'rKllx aAMr{Hl{crparopoB, Ho rro coKpaqeHHIZ KOMIIJIeKTa C,IyXaqUX, OHO OCTaJIOCb 3a IXTaTOM I,t rIO BOJIe. TJIABHOTO I,IJIbI'IHCKOIO HAIIAJIbCTBA HCCCT TCNCPb TPOMKOC HA3BA. HI.Ie <<Tearp>> 37,

B

3ToM sAaHlru o6opyaoBaJru rearpa,rrbHbrri sar, 3Aecb x(e Ecnu p aHtrxe 3p HTe,ru rroceuad'rrr crreKTaK,ru 6ecnnarHo, To Telrepb c Hr.rx Bgr,rMaJracb nr'rara or l0 Ao 40 KOn., npHqeM npeAcTaBJreHrif AaBaJIr.Icb ToJrbKo rro BocKpexp anud'rH AeKop arlur.r.

ceurqM

38.

CnexraxJru ycrpauBaJru c,'ryx{au1ne rpaQnur CrporanoBori 3e. cb crrricKa gTHx JrroAeri : rnanHoynp aBJrrrorrluii rp aSuCrpora_uonori llerp LlIapuH, cnyxaulrae- npaBJreHr.rrr:'l/riaw Ir_H I(r,ruuluu, Anexceft Bnacon, Muxaii.rro flauruxrau, A.nexcau4p lle-

^

Uoxp^aHu,'rfi

32 33

Talr xe, crp.

Tan xe, crb.

605.

621.

Vxas. cou., crp.56. :: n- M.KypoqKHH. ry6epncxue BeAoMocrH>, Ne 241, 7 uoa6pa lg99 f. io A. A. Bo,ro14us. Cer.ro I4lruHcxoe. fleprucroro oxpyra. <flepnacxuil KpaeBe.[.qecKufi c6opur.rx>, aun. II, llepul, 1926, cip. 70. oo <llepMcKne

",

<<llepMc(fie ry6epHcKlie BeAoMocrH>, Ne 29, 9 anpe,u 1969 r.

Tau'>xe.

3s Tam xe.

3E

104

ne,'rqeB, KpecrbflHlru A6parrr KysHerlos, cnyxaquft Fluxonaii flnorHHxos, KpecrbsHe A,rexcan4p KygHeqog, Earpa$ Cy66oruH, Baculuft Me,rrHnron, Ilerp ,Ilo6oeuxoe, Bacnrnfi Cn3ee, EQulr Cy66orun, Huxo.uati Ky,'Inxon, HapqAqi{K ESuu !,rraurpaeB, qJIeH trpaBJIeHI,rrI I4nrq PoroB, rlncapb Bo,'IocrHoro rrpaB!'IeHHtl fpnropr.rri Cuuauoe, uuponorl ilocpeAHr4K Mrxafino I(ryurtttl, xyneq ESnu flouocoe, rnaeHHli necHIzquIl A. E. Ten.noyxoB, Kpecrbauuu flerp Bora,ron, noMourHHK saKoHoyqHTeJIr cBxlqesuux Aaunno 9eu,ypnH, Maxcizil.t 3aeap'nH, yql,rreJlb Vlsau LII,upranau, KpecrltrrHe: I4tllarvfr CnrvaHoe, A6pau CniuaHon, Xaa-

clBguIeHlHI,tK clryxaulzfi llrarou Mautttx, 3aKoHOyrIurer'Ib'Ilerp lrloau'u Ca,'r,MnH, c.n'y,xauluit,fJaeen Lllyutron, qepxoaHstii crapocra A,rercaH4p Cuuauoe, yqureJlb llerp Cy66orHH, c"Iy)Kailrue: Hnxo.narl Tennoyxoe, flerp fo,ry6ea, Anercau4p t{epHur-

HorB,

rueo, Oannnrn l(oxapooqer, Qenl4ruep Hnxo.raft KonecneB, c,'Iy-

)Karr,Ee Bacnnufi flououapen, !,anu,ro lla4yuee 40.

Kar u npe)KAe, >xeHcKLIe poJIH I.IcnoJIHnJrI ltyxvltutt, u6o Bbrcryrrarb xeHIIrHHe Ha cqeHe cqI,ITaJIocb elqe 3asopHuu. Myx-

III]HbI C XCHONOAO6HbIMI.I JIHIIAMI,I )KCMAHHHIIAJII4 V

CTAPAJII4Cb,

yno4o6,narrcfl xeHII{LiHgv 41. I(ax nzuler or{eBi.IAeII lrfpbI HTaJIr,' flHcKr.ix aKTepoB, <<...ny6.tlrra He BcerAa AoBoJIbHa, BepoflTHo, a$$exrauneft aprzcroB, nepepox(AeHl,teM Hs MoAHIzKa aprucra B sTr4KeTHyrO apTrlCTKy... ii I'r3 sTOrO BbIXOAflT Hel]pIiflTHble KapHxarypu>>

42.

B apyroft Tearp.aJlbHoti peueusuu, Hao6opor, noAqepKuBaercl yAarrHafl r.rrpa MecrHbIX aKrepoB: <<19 Senpa.rrq l869 roAa ,rrc6lr-

ienqivru 6sr.rrra crrrpasrt: l. KoMeALIfl <<Tsxensle 4Hu>>, cou.Oct6a,laryp>, co!IpoBcKoro u 2. HapoAHrrri BoAeBI{'rb <<Co,'IAar l'puropleea. flrecu grl,r, B o6ureu, He BxoAl B- uacrHocru, 6ariltt cblrpaHbI olreHb xopouto>>

a3.

Penepryap 3roro BpeMeHu AonoJIHnlor BocnoMHHaHI'Ifl A. A. Boloullsa: <<...Oco6eHHo s tvIoAe 6ulu rorAa BoAeBI4j-Ifi

c

neHHeM. Mysuxy AJIfl BoAeBlr.[eti nocraeJltlJl MecrHbIIi MyqryKaHT r{ BMecre xyAox{HLIK IOIuron, TaJIaHT,'IHBbIil tlerbsex... Ha clreHe ITIJII,I He oAgu <<(DllJt arKl,1' u Muporuxn>>, Ho craBHr'Il{cb Ir aa. rrbecbr O,crponcror,o, H <<Xenurl6a>> u <<Pee'ilrsop>> fonofis>>

HeAaeHo IIorBLLIII.Icb HoBbIe cBeAeHl'lfl o KperlocrHoM C. n. IOuxose. On yunlcn y cBoero o4,Ho$aIr'ru.nsqa fanpunu IOuxona, 3areM cJIyx{I.IJI pereHToM xopa e I'L'Iruucxotr't, 6un yqrrreJleM My3bIKLI h pIICOBaHl'Iff, B CepeAHHe fipolllJloro BeKa [I]caJI rroprperbl, IrKoHbI, oQopunn.u crIeKTaK,'I[ 40

1l 12 43 44

s

I4nsnucxoM Tear-

Tanr xe, Ne 39, 14 Maq 1866 r.

A. A. B o r o r A li u. Vxag. cov., crP. 70. <Ilepucxue ry6epHcrue Be4oMocrll)>, Nb 29, 9 anpe,:a 1869 r.

Tau xe, Nb 19, 5 ruapra 1869 r.

IO. M. K y p o q K I.t H. Vras. coq., crp. 56-57,

r0s

pe. B llepucxorl xyAox{ecrBeuuoii ra.nepee HaxoAr.trcs nrrrb )KnBorrrcHbrx pa6or C. fI. iOruxoBa, ABe xpaHflrcfl a Cnep4,roncxon KpaeBeAqecKoM Mysee, eue oAHa npr.rHaAdrre)Kur 14nluucxonrv KpaeBeArlecxouy lryserc

B

1874

45.

f. B cBfl3r.{ c

no)Kapot{ Tearpa, yHuqro)KuBtlprM

Bce

ocTaBrxr.recfl erlle oT Kpe[ocTHbIX BpeMeH KOCTTOMbI, AeKOpaqr{[

u_ 6yraQopuro, a raK)Ke i4 caMo 3AaHr.re, nocroqHnHrl reatp Z,ranucxolr flpeKparr.r,'r cBoe cyuecrBoBaHr]e, Ao lBBS r. cleKraxnefi s tr4nr'uucKonr ue 6st,ro a6.

To.luxo n Senpa,'re 1888 r. 6un cHoea orKpbir nto6urenlcr<uri Tearp B 3AaHaH 6trntrero nptrxoAcKofo yqu,'rriu,a Hanporr.tB Tofo Ne <<ceuertgoro>> Aolra a7. Cocrosnacb lroAnxcKa Ha repBoHaqa.rbHoe o6saeeAeHHe rearpa, <(AaBurafl c6opy Ao 50 py6neri>, xoropble rJ 6Hnz sareNr r.r3pacxoAoBaHbr r{a BHyrpeHHee ycrpor2crec u npno6peresne ue6e,ru 48.

Bo eper,rr rearpaJrb,Hbrx rflpe,u,craBnesufi KaK cqeHa, raK rr gajl ocBeura,rucb rerrepb creapLlHoBbuvrn cBeqaMn, <<o6crauoBKa, xoTf H He B3bICKaTeJIbHafl, HO BCe CAeJIaHO, KaK B HaCTOqilIeM Tearpe-ecrb naprep, Jrox(H h Aaxe paeK... Zrpaer B rearpe Kpy.xox ,rrc6ttre,reii Hs N4ecrHori I,tHTe,'IJIIITeHuHII I{ To,rtbKo suN{oii. llrara AocryllHafl, rlyrb rH se c 5 KorI; a norol\{y spure,ulusrri

13

3a,r HuKorAa He nycryer...>>

B

4e.

re,reHLre HecKo,rlbKLIX !'rer l,t/'tbI,rHubI rrpoBoAr,rJrn cneKTaKJIII

rr c 6urarorBopr.rreJrbHoii ue,rlro. Tax, 6 u 27 pexa6pa

l89l r.

n

rroJlb3y ro,rloAalouux oHlI AaJIri ABa cneKTaK,rrfl, qncruli ocraroK, nepeAaHHbrrl e t4ecrHtrrl 6.laroreopnre,rluuft KoM]lrer cocraBu,t 64 p. B0 x. llpu sroM pacropsAnreJrn cnerrax,reri A. A. Bo.nor-

4nH, M. H. t{yAunoe H B. 3anapaee ilpocr.rd'rr{ nepeAarb 6,naroAapHocrb rar .rrc6uredrlqM, yr{acrBoBaBlrluM B cneKTaKJIqx, TaK Ii trpHcyrcrnoeaeruefi ny6.tuxe 50.

6 .qexa6pa 1896 r. B rnoJrb3,y crpoaqeiicfl nrKoJrr,r B AepeBHe KneHonori craBz,'rucb ABe rrrbecbr: <<B ce.rye 3nal,reucxoM>> - cqeIrbI u3 uapo4Hort xr{3Hu H BoAeBH,rrb <<flpocryruxa }.r Bocrurraunas>>. Oi6e firbecbr rrpou,]u, no or3brBaM fiepMcKoit rleqaru, oqeHb xopouo, n lp6ure,rtr HeoAHoKp arHo Hafp a)KAaJILtcb ai[,'IoAHctMeHTAM14.

P,o;tl

Pa6yuxuHa

Ky3Heua

, A. 'O. ll.lrocHlrH, xarx4ufi

oco6esHo yAarrHo

xAaJIcfl oBarlr4flMu. Xopotuo

<<flpoBeJri.r

a5 <Beueputn flcpvu>, N'q 209, 6 ceura6pn 46 A. A. -B o,r o r'a rz H. Vxas. coq., ctp.

70. a7 Tart xe. a8 <ileplrcxue ry6epucxue BeaoMocrn>, i\b as Tarr xe, Nb 75, 18 ceurn6pn l89l r.

50

106

rrfpa,'r

BbrxoA-Koroporo Ha crleHy cofipoBo-

Tarr xe, Nb 5, 15 rrHBapfl 1892 r.

cBor]

portru>> EeccoHos,

l97l r 14, 17 $eapa.nr 1888 r.

.

Jl. Vl. Ten,royxona, A. lL llarocunna ra Ap ut. 29 4era6px lB98 r.

B TIOJIb3Y MCCTHOTO }I(CHCKOIO YqHd'IHIIIA I,IJIbHHIIbI IIOCTABHJII{ I(OMeAlrlo <<Xeuux r{3 Ho)KeBoit nunun>> H BoA€Br.rrb <<Ilpe4.noxeHHe>> 52. flonroAa cnycrr, 20 urons. cHoBa Ar'rs roro xe yr{r4lurqa 6u,ru curpaHbr rrbecbr .,BeAa or He>xHoro cepArra>>, <<MolqaHne>> u <<,Ilernue Kaprr{HKH>>53 n, HaKoHeq, 23 a[ped'rfl 1900 r. B lro,rlbay QoH1a c6opa cpeAcrB ua nocrpofiKy [aMtrHIIKa ocHoBareJlio pyccKoro rearpa @. [.. Bo.rxoay ,rn6nre.ru I4.rluncKa nocraBuJltl KoMeAnro <<JIec>> A. H. OcrponcKoro 54.

Kax u paHbrrre, Tearp oxorHo noceuaJlcfl 3pllreJllIvtil. B oAHot:i perreH3ur.r <<llepivrcxne ry6epHcxue BeAoMocrH>> ncrpevaelr coo6UIeHIle O COIII{aJIbHOM COCTaBe IIpICyTCTBOBaBII]l{X: <<3pnTe,'lH COcrof,JrH nor{Ti.I HcKdrIIOqxrerbHo r13 npocroHapoAbfl, uecra 6yt<-

BaJrbHo pacxBaraHbl ny6,ruroro, JIogex>> 55.

-

Bcefo 6lt,ro 6o,lee 200

qe-

I4nrepec K cIIeKTaKJIqr\4 6Hr Hacro,rlbKo BeJII.lt(, qro iia I{I'lx

IlpH€3)K2r-l2 IIHTeJIJIHfeHIIhfl h3 OKpeCTHblx Ce,'I s6.

I4rpa H.rutHcKlrx aKTepoB HacroJlbKo gaxBarblBaJla, r{To noc-

Jre KalKAofo AeficrBLifl pa3AaBa,IIrlcb Apyx{Hble an,toAl'lcMeHrbl

l'l

<<MHoroqllc,reHHble BbI3oBbI ltp HcyrcrBoBaBtlInx>> 57, .tro6ulrue arTepbr BbrsbrBalrr4cb Ha cqeHy, H lIM AapHJIIz IIOAapKt'I 58. Kar no

XoAy nbec' TaK H B aHrpaKTaX nOqTII BcefAa I4rpa"I CrpyHnuii 5e.

MecrHblx nio6ure,'refi noA yrlpaB,'IeHI{eM Hay-u_o_ea opKecrp lloc,.re ortesAa O. A. fl,rrocunHa n flepltl s lB97 f. Ha el-o Mecro B Kpy)KKoM MecrHbIX nn6ure,'reil ApaMarnqecKoro vcKyccrBa pe)KuccepoM 6ttfl HasHa'reu naeer Bacn,roeshq Crcsee, BnocJreAcrBuH npo$eccop flepntcxofo yHIlBepcnrera.

VAa,rocl (npaa4a, ueno,'luocrtrc) BbIflBHrb penepryap rearpa u l4nr'uHcKoM c 1896 uo 1900 r. I4cnonHqJlllcb c.lleAyloilrl4e npousee4eHur: <<JIec> 60, <<He raK )KI'IBI{ KaK xoqercq>> 6lA. H. Ocrponcxoro, a raKxe Apyrue KoMeAI4t'I sTofo aBropa, <<Xesurl6a>>

A. II.

H. B. fororq

62, <<Me4eegl>> 63

rlexonq 6a, <<Llyxoe 4o6po BnpoK He

tl

<<llpeg,roxeuuer>

I''lAer>>

A. A. llorexn-

5r <<Ilepncxue ry6epncrne BeAoMocrll)>, Ne 268, l7 .lera6pl 1896 r. xe, Ne 4, 6 aneapq 1899 r. xe. Ne 157, 24 Hro,rq 1899 r.

52 Tar,r 53 Tau

5a Tanr >xe, Ns 91, 28 anpe.rrn 1900 r.

55 Tau xe, Ns 32, Qenpa,'rn 1896 r.

56 Tau xe, Ne 268, 17 aexa6ps 1896 r.

ll

57 58 5e

Taiu >xe, Nl 270, 14 aexa6px 1897 r.

Tau xe, J\b 50, 4 uapta 1897 r.

Tau >xe, Ne 4, 6 lHBapq 1898 r.

60 Tau >r<e, Nb91, 28 anpenn 1900 r.

6r Tau xe, Nb 268, 17 sexa6pr 1896 r.

62 Tau xe, Ne 241, 7 uot6pn lB99 r.

63 Taru xe, J\b 275, l9 aexa6pq 1898 r.

6a Tan xe, Ne 4,6 rHoapq 1899 r.

107

ua 65, <<6o6sl,tu>

fI.

A. llras[nbulr.tKoBa, <<B ce,rye 3Haniencnt_rnn>>, <<B crapue-roAbr>>, <<Mzpcxax BAoBa>>, <<Marioprrta>> LL. B. lllnaxlrHcKoro 66, <<CefrKr.r>> Craxonuqa 67, <<Xesui Hoxeeori jrlrHaIa>>

A. A. KpacoecKoro6s,

xeHuri>>

us

n <<Cyxeuurl-pxTuxoHoea 70, <<flpocryuKa rr Bocrrr4raHHa i" A. T. II'eH<<tlepea xpari>6e

cJreAaM>> lpeccepa 7t, .,He suan 6po4y, He cyftcr B Bo,ry>> MaHcSell4a 72. t{eu x<e o6rscuurt cro,rrb Ao"rrfoe cyqecrBoBaHrre rearpa B I4nurscxou KaK Ao pe$oprr,rlr, TaK 14 nocJre see? Eo,rrur4HcrBo

cKofo, <<llo rpoedebrM

Kp gnOCTHbIX TeaTpOB B rIOC.lel.qHLIe AeCfl TLIJIeTETfl CliUeCT'BOBaHnq KperrocTHofo npaBa HcqegJrn KaK pa3HoBr.rAHocrb nomecruux 6apcxux sarefi Ans co6crseHHoro yAoBo,'rbcrBlrs. <<BnaAe,'rbrl,br KpenocTHbIX TeaTpoB Harrl4Harn llpeAnoqt{Tarb cAe,'IKI{ c npoBnHuua,llbHbIMH aHrperrpeHepaMH, IIepeAaBafl B HX pacnopfl]KeHtle oTAeJIbHbrx aKTepOB r{ rleJrbre rpyrrnbr, COXpaHrrrr ga co6Oit ,ruul o6qnft KoHrpo,'rb i[pr] rrroMoula crleufiar'rbHbrx HaA3r.rpare.lIeii>> 73.

OAuaxo Ha Vpa,re cBfl3r.t MeN(Ay rearpoM KpefiocrHbr\ eILnu-

n

npOQecci.roHaJrbHr,rM TeaTpoM n llepun ue ua6,rro4ar{ccJreAoBaHzu- <<fopoA,a Vpa,ra>> rroAqepKuBaJr c,'reAyrcrqufi uoruesr: <<Oarr o6rosa 3aBoAcKHMir ce,rreHr.rsMn aAMr.{Hrrcrp arHBH brx $eo4ansuux ropoAoB no BeJrliqrrue, 6.naroycrpoftcray H Ky,'Ibrype 6br,r, KoHe.rHo, 3HaMeHr{eM BpeMeHH, rroKa3areJreM Bo3pocuxx BHyrpeHHr.rx cuJr npoN{brrrrJreHHocTH,.. ypaJIbcKIle 3aBoAcKI,re pa6ouue, conpr{Kacarcb B TeqeHtle prrAa noKorenlzri c npoMbrlil,'IeHHofi re-ruuxot2, o6orua,'rtr B Ky,'rbI.{HcKoM

,rocl. HeAaporu JI. E. IrIoQa B

TypHoM OTHOITIeHI,tH He TO,rrbKO KpecTbfH, HO r1 TOpOACKTTX MeIIIarr; npn saBoAax co3Aadlacb y>xe 3Har{r.ITerbHan npoc.rtoirKa BbtcoKoTa,TaHTJIr4Boil r:exsuqecxofi usren,rufeHrlur.l, croqsrtrefr B Ky/rbrypHOM OTHOIUeHI]H, KOHeqHO, MHO|O BbrUIe fOpOACKOfO TTHHOBHpI,recrna>>

7a.

3ra xpenocrHag ?tHTeJLIIhreHqHq, rro/ro)KuBruar B ABaAuarbrx roAax lporrrJroro BeKa HaqaJro cBoeMy rearpy, 6ttna tax x{e, Kar{ r.r Bce KpeflocrHbre ropHo3aBoAcxoro Vpa,la, npr.rBflgaHa K 3aBoAaM npaBJreHr.reM CrporaHonux. Ee yaep)KHBa,rra Ha Mecre npnBbIqHafl pa6ora, 4om, xosallcrBo, ceMbfl.

65 66

67 68 6e 70

Tau xe, Ne 32, ll $enpa;ra 1896 r.

Tau xe, Nb 241, 7 uoa6pa 1899 r.

Tau xe, Nb 50, 4 r,rapra 1897 r..

Talr xe, Nb 91, 26 anpe,rs 1898 r.

Tau xe, Ne 270, 14 a6xa6ps 1897 r'.

Tau xe, N! 4, 6 qHsaps 1898 r.

7r Tam xe, No 268, t7 a-exa6pn 1896 r'.

72 Talr xe, Ne 270, 14 aera6bs 1897 r.

73

C. C..[,aua,ron. Pyccxnil Apavaruvecxufi rearp XIX n.

XIX e., r. I, M. 74

108

crp. 147.

- JI., 1957, il.E. 14oga. fopo.aa Vpa,ra.

q. I, trl.,

1951,

crp.313-314.

I NOTOBHHA

Heclrorpn Ha crrxarluue 6eAcreHs (noxapu,

yHur{ro)KuB-

rxr4e rpn TearpaJrbHbrx s4aHun), xorrr H co sHaqr4Ter'rbHbrM nepepbrBoM (e 14 ner), HaqriHar c lB88 r. HJrbHHcKrre Jro6nreru reaTpadlrbHoro IIcKyccTBa BHoBb cTaJILl AaBaTb CneKTaKJIIl, KOTOpbIe Ha Bcervr npoTg)KeHHH BeKa oxoTHo noceulaJrHcb He ToJrbKo MecT-

HbIMII )KHTe,'ItlMIrl l4g <<npOCTOHapoAbfl>>, HO npr.re3ixaBrxer.i us orpecrHbrx ceJr u fopoAoB.

Il

I,lHTe,'lnnreHqneit,

Penepryap IrlnrnHcxoro rearpa cBHAere,'rbcrByer o nocrorHcrBe rrocraHoBoK nbec B nepByro oqepeAb pyccKr.rx ApaMarypfoB, raKux xax @. O. ZsaHos, A. H. Ocrponcxur?, H. B. foro.ll, A. lI. Llexoe 14 Ap., r4 gHaqareJrbHo pe)Ke-r.rHocrpaHHbrx aBTopoe. flpueeAeHHbre Bbrrrre cBeAeHHfl rrpo,rlr4Bar,or cBer Ha uav6oJree <<reHeByrc> npo6neMy B r.r3yqeHus r.icropr4r.r rearpa s Vnsuupenepryap, LI3yqeHLIe Koropofo 3arpyAHflercfl orcyrcrBl]cKoM €M Aocraroqubrx ceeAeHarl. Mex4y rent aHaJIlrg ero xpafiue BaxeH, raK Kar( r{MeHHo penepryap onpeAeJrffer rBopr{ecKyr,o AeqretbHocrb rearpa. I4nruscrne aKTepbr, nucqHKr.r, cJryxaqHe rl HHTeJrJIllreHqHfl, HeCMOTpq Ha TpyAHbIe yCflOBI{q ]KLI3HH, LI Ha TO, qro MarHarsr ctporaHoBbr He BbIAeJrrrJrI{ cpeAcrB A,rIs rearpa, HecJrH B HapoAHbIe Maccbl uAeH flporpeccuBuoii pyccxoit xy.noTypbr, re yrj].efi, KOTOpbre oHH npoilaraHAl.IpoBa,ll4 c noMotqblo raxoli 6o,nruofi clrd'Ibl. KaK Tearp.

COAEPXAHHE A. C. tl_epKacona. O xapaxrepe saKpenlreHur ropHo3aBoAcKlrx KaApoB Ha Vpa"re s I no"tosuHe XVIII sexaB. B. .M y x H H. Bceso,'Io,{o6naroAarcKlre 3oJrorble rDoMbrc,,rbr B nepnori nor,oBune XIX nexa (us ucropuit go,roroAo6ursarcuqeft nporrnuru,reHHocrlr Vpana) C. 4.

aauus

Op

l

<<3ev.nN

o_B

u

a. .(enr-enuuocrt M.

Bo,ru>> 1860-x roaos

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MypancKoro B nepuoA co3-

fl. 6. Pa6Huoeuq. P_eso.'loquoHHaq nporaranAa cpegu pa6ouxx Vpa,ra r 70-80-x roAax XIX sexa .rI. A. TpeQunoaa. llpaxruqecKoe ocyurecrBr.reHr{â&#x201A;Ź saroHa tgg3

o no3eMeJrbHoi\r yc'rpoficree fopHo3aBoAcKoro Hace!,teHur B nocec_ oKpyrax fleplrcr<ofi ry6epnrzu M I! U_e p H br ril. BosHr.rxHoseuue lr pocr npeAnpurnrrl flo rexr{rr_ uecxori o6pa6orKe Bo!'roxnr.tcrbrx BeutecrB e llepilcxoii ry6epuuu u nopeQoprr.reHunii neplioA fl. A. Ort6esuH. I4,rtuscr<nr? rearp s XIX sexe

3 20 33

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foAa

cHoHHhrx

:

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67

79 98

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,rlnreparypusttl peAaxrop H. B. flerpona Texurqecxuii peAaKrop 14. @. lloproH

Koppexrop B. H. AH.l.pefiueHxo

floarucauo K neqart 25ll 1973 r.

JIE020I8 3axas 2042

Tupax 600

Kuuxsas runorpaQux

Nb 2,

ere.

tDopnar 6vlrarn 60X90r/16.

O6iem 7 ri. ,r. lleria 80 xon

flepltl, Kouuysucruqecr<a4

57