ATI TEAS 7 English Language Study Guide.
Spelling:
Homograph - Word spelled the same but that have different meanings (bat, bow)
Homophone - Words pronounced the same but that have different meanings
Punctuation
• Colon - Used in introduction of a quote or list, ratio, and time.
• Comma- before “and” in a simple series of items (commas, colons, and...)
Sentence structures
• Adverb - Word or phrase that describes or modifies an adjective, verb, or another adverb
• Article - Words (a and an) that refer to nouns
• Complement - Sentence part that gives more information about a subject or object
• Conjunction - A connecting word
• Dependent Clause - A group of words that includes a subject and verb but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence
• Independent Clause - A group of words that includes a subject and predicate and can stand alone as a complement sentence
• Indirect Object - The person or thing to whom or which something is done
• Interjection - Words or phrases that represent short bursts of emotion
• Modifier - A word or group of words that provides description for another word
• Object - A word or group of words that receives the action of a verb
• Predicate - The part of a sentence that explains what the subject does or is like
• Preposition - A word that describes relationships between other words
• Pronoun - A word that takes the place of a noun
• Subject - The main noun of a sentence that is doing or being
• Compound-Complex Sentence - Sentence that includes two independent and one dependent clause
Example: “The cute, furry dog wagged its tail with joy.”
Simple subject - dog
Article and modifiers - the cute, furry dog
Simple predicate - wagged
Complete predicate and direct object - its tail
Prepositional modifier - with joy
Grammar
• Diction - The style of writing determined by word choice
• Fragment - An incomplete sentence
• Perfective - A verb for an object that has been completed
• Prescriptive grammar - Specific rules for using language and grammar
• Progressive - A verb that shows something is currently happening
• Tense - Past, present, and future times
• Transition word - Words that link or introduce ideas
• Subject-verb agreement - Matching like numbers of subjects and verbs: singular with singular, plural with plural
• Pronoun-Antecedent agreement - Matching like numbers of pronouns and their antecedents: singular with singular, plural with plural.
• Colloquialism - An informal word or phrase
• First person – Uses the subject pronoun “I”
• Second person - A narrative mode that addresses the reader as “you”
• Third person – Uses the subject pronoun “He, She and They”