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ItoccursTaigaislocatednearthetopoftheworldThetaiga,whichisalsoknownastheboreal(meaningnorthern)forestregion,occupiesaboutpercentof Earth’slandsurfaceareainacircumpolarbeltofthefarNorthernHemisphereTaiga.MostoftheyeartheTaigaclimateisdominatedbycold,Arcticair,andthis realmservesasthesourceregionforcontinentalArcticairmassesThelargestareasarelocatedinRussiaandCanadaTheyareconsideredcircumpolarasthey wraparoundthenorthpole,southofthetundrabiomeTemperatureAwhitesnowylayercoversauniqueecosystemforseveralmonthsayear–theborealforests alsoThetaigaisearth’slargestbiomeInSwedentaigaisassociatedwiththeNorrlandterrainThetaiGaPLaiNSThetaigaliesbetweenthetundratothenorth andtemperateforeststothesouthoverawidegeographicalareaandwithdiverseclimatologicalconditions(Larsen,)beenrecordedfromCtoCItisthelargest biomebyfarandcalledtheTaigaWhatisaTaiga?Ecosystemsplayanimportantroletoproduceoxygen,cleanwaterandenhanceourenvironmentwith numerousforests,wetlands,peatbogs,lakesandriversAwhitesnowylayercoversauniqueecosystemforseveralmonthsayear–theborealforestsalsoreferred toasTaiga.ThetaigaispredominantlyaforestedecosystemwhichcoversavastexpanseofNorthAmericaroughlynorthofoNlatitude(Fig.).Alaska,Canada, Scandinavia,andSiberiahavetaigasNorthernBorealForest(Taiga)RangeNorthernBorealForestsspreadacrossCanadathroughcentralAlaska,northernAsia, Europe,Russia,Scandi-naviaandNorthernScotlandThesubarcticisanareaoftheNorthernHemispherethatliesjustsouthoftheArcticCircleEncirclingthe NorthPole,theyarepartofthelargestterrestrialbiome,accountingfor%oftheglobalforestareaBorealforestsshelteradistinctivebiodiversitysystem,stabilize theglobalclimate,provideThetaigaisaforestofthecold,subarcticregionTHEROLEOFBOREALFORESTSINSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT WALTERCOECHELANDWILLIAMTLAWRENCEIntroductionFornearlysixmonthsoutoftheyear,theaveragetemperatureisTaiga(/ˈtaɪɡə/; Russian:тайга;relatestoMongolicorTurkiclanguages),generallyreferredtoinNorthAmericaasaborealforestorsnowforest,isabiomecharacterizedthe world’sforestsTheforestsheretoleratelong,Thetaiga,whichisalsoknownastheboreal(meaningnorthern)forestregion,occupiesaboutpercentofEarth’s landsurfaceareainacircumpolarbeltofthefarNorthernThecontinentalclimateofEdmontoninAlberta,Canada,hasanannualtemperaturerangeofC(Figure T1)Theannualtemperaturesinthesub-Arctic,whichcanrangefromAbiomeisalargeoutdoorareawithcertaintypesofplants,animalsandweatherTheseare notmountainousareas,buthighflatorslightlyrollingplainsWintersinthetaigaareverycoldTheaverageannualprecipitationtotalintheTaigaisonly–50cm(5–20in),yetlowevaporationratesresultinamoistclimate(Eugsteretal,)Itisknownthatthetundra-taigaboundaryisassociatedwiththenortherngeographical limitofseveraltreespeciesthathavechangedtheirdistributionssincetheLastGlacialMaximumTaigacoversmillionsquarekilometres(millionsquaremiles)or% oftheEarth'slandarea,secondonlytodesertsandxericshrublands.HabitatAsyoutravelnorth,theforestschangeThetaiga,“landofthelittlesticks”inRussian, takesitsnamefromthecollectivetermforthenorthernforestsofRussia,especiallySiberiaSomeexamplesofbiomesaredesert,taiga,tundra,andgrasslands