Urban Forest: Master of Architecture Studio Thesis

CPU[AI] STUDIO 3 PORTFOLIO

URBAN FOREST NORTHERN GATEWAY DEVELOPMENT

GROUP MEMBER JIAO XIE JUNJIE SU SIYU XIE MENGHAN CHEN

N-3.4

THESIS STATEMENT ………………………… 5 1 BACKGROUND ………………………… 7 1.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………… 9 11 1.2 NORTHERN GATEWAY PROJECT ………………………

1.3 OUR PROJECT PARTNERSHIP ………………………… 13 1.4 PROJECT CHALLENGES ………………………… 15 1.5 THE LOCATION OF THE SITE ………………………… 19 1.6 WHY WE SELECT THIS CHALLENGE …………………… 21 1.7 HOW WE SET UP THE TOOL (RECAP) …………………… 27 2 TOOL INTRODUCTION …………………… 29 2.1 OUR TOOL TARGET USER ………………………… 31 2.2 SPHERE OF APPLICATION OF THE TOOL ………………… 33 2.3 OUR TOOL'S FUNCTIONS ………………………… 35 2.4 STEPS TO USE THE TOOL ………………………… 37 2.5 THEORIES BEHIND THE TOOL ………………………… 39 3 HOW THE TOOL WORK …………………… 41 3.1 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 1 ………………………… 43 3.2 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 2 ………………………… 47 3.3 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 3 ………………………… 53 3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 ………………………… 61 3.5 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 5 ………………………… 83 3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 ………………………… 87 3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 ………………………… 111 3.8 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 8 ………………………… 127 4 INTERFACE OF THE TOOL ………………… 129

CONT

TENT ………………………… ………………………… …………………… …………………… ………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………………

5 ANALYSING THE RESULTS …………………

5.1 SELECTING PROCESS …………………………

5.2 SCENARIO 1 TESTING …………………………

5.3 SCENARIO 2 TESTING …………………………

5.4 SCENARIO 3 TESTING …………………………

5.5 SCENARIO 4 TESTING …………………………

5.6 OPTIMISED OUTCOMES COMPARE ……………………

6 COMMUNICATING OPTIMISED PROPOSAL 6.1 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- MASTER PLAN …………………

6.2 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- MASTER PLAN ANALYSIS …………

6.3 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- VISUALISATION ………………… …………………………

CONCLUSION PERSONAL STATEMENT …………………

BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………

4.1 LOGIN 4.2 STEP 01- INPUT SITE 4.2 STEP 02- SCENARIO SELECTION 4.3 STEP 03- CIRCLES GENERATION 4.4 STEP 04- ROAD NETWORK GENERATION 4.5 STEP 05- LAND-USE ALLOCATION 4.6 STEP 06- BUILDING GENERATION 4.7 STEP 07- SCORING YOUR CITY 4.8 STEP 08- COMPARE YOUR CITIES 4.9 INTERFACE VIDEO

133 135 137 139 141 145 147 149 153 155

157 159 161 169 177 185 193

199 201 203 205

225 227 229 3

THESIS ST

Working with Manchester City Council and Far E image the essential neighbourhoods of Nothern Ga being and b

Urban sprawl and neglect of urban green space further affect the quality of neighbourhoods. For thi tool to design a new connected urban open space will allow citizens to have more access to green am neighbo

TATEMENT

East Construction, this project explores how to reateway (Manchester, UK) to improve human wellbiodiversity.

e have caused landscape fragmentation, which is situation, we develop a generative computational e network with a large proportion of green space. It menities as well as enjoy a livable and sustainable ourhood.

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0.3B

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1 BACKG

BRIEF INTRODUCT

GROUND

TION OF THE BACKGROUND OF THE TOOL

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1.1 INTRODUCTION LOCAL P-34.34-3

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OUR STARTING POINT

By Redistributing urban land use, especially public green space, we want to design a urban planning to solve or alleviate urban space problems to improve biodiversity and well-being.

WALK DISTANCE FRAGMENTATION

URBAN SPRAWL & SHRINKAGE IN GREEN SPACES

WHAT ARE W

The problem of complex, so it is d judge whether an can solve a speci

Therefore, we are de tool that can hel different urban des and flexibly by co spatial parameters. evaluate the gener different aspects, quickly understand meets the requireme

WE DOING?

urban space is difficult to directly urban design plan ific problem well.

esigning a generative p users generate sign models quickly ontrolling different . Then the tool will rated models from and the user can d whether the result ents.

HOW ARE WE DOING IT? We use agent-based model and circle packing to meet land use allocation under different needs. Then we use a scoring system to evaluate the generated results from different aspects, so that we can quantitatively compare and filter a large number of results and finally choose a better one.

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Bird View of the Northern Gateway

Nor thern Gateway Manchester. (2019) Strategic Regeneration Framework [Online image] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] http:// northerngatewaymanchester.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/NGSRF.pdf

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1.2 NORTHERN GATEWAY PROJECT LOCAL P-34.34-3

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Introduction of the project TTS

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MANCHESTER NORTHERN GATEWAY STRATEGIC REGENERATION FRAMEWORK (SRF) The Northern Gateway Strategic Regeneration Framework ("SRF") has been prepared by Manchester City Council ("MCC") to guide the future development of one of the largest regeneration projects in the UK. Northern Gateway Manchester. (2019) Strategic Regeneration Framework. [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] http://northerngatewaymanchester.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/NG-SRF.pdf

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MAIN TARGET OF THE PROJECT

3M Population

1.5 M Jobs

Great Manchester's Population will reach 3 million people by 2036

Great Manchester Will have 1.5 million jobs by 2036

15,000 Residential housing According to the Manchester Nortern Gateway Strategic Regenearion Framework, we need to design a new Northern Gateway Area to

meet the future requirement which is the Northern Gateway will provide about 15,000 new homes over the next 15-20 years.

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1.3 OUR PROJECT PARTNERSHIP LOCAL P-34.34-3

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Manchester City Council (MCC)

Far East Consortium International Limited

Northern Gateway Manchester. (2019) Strategic Regeneration Framework [Online image] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] http://northerngatewaymanchester.co.uk/framework Doran, m. (No date) Image of the Matthew Doran. [Online image] [Accessed March 8th,

CPU[AI] Consultant

2021] https://twitter.com/iammattdoran Far East Consortium. (No date) The team. [Online image] [Accessed March 8th, 2021] https://fecil.uk/ about-us/the-team/

OUR PARTNERSHIP REPRESENTATIVE

Matthew Doran

Tom Fenton

Manchester City Council

Far East Consortium International Limited

DIAGRAM TO BE FINISH

MEET WITH CLIENTS In terms of our project, planners give us feedback that appropriate metrics for measuring biodiversity and well-being should be considered as the urban ecosystem is a complex system

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1.4 PROJECT CHALLENGES LOCAL P-34.34-3

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2.The distribution of facilities, amenities and community spaces is an essential aspect of successful residential development. How do we design to ensure this aspect of sustainability in urban strategy and design.

1. How can a balance between public and private spaces foster a sense of community and belonging in new urban morphology.

6. How to design zerocarbon future cities (is urban morphology adequate).

How do you understand the environmental impact of future cities.

3. How can a new urban development be designed to change and adapt with its residents (from students to young professionals, families and aging)

Northern Gateway Manchester. (2019) Strategic Regeneration Framework. [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] http://northerngatewaymanchester.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/NG-SRF.pdf

5.How can you design for sustainable movement and minimise motorised transport use? Consider last mile/3 mile responses including transport oriented design, walk-ability, cycling and technological disruptions (CAV).

THE CHALLENGE WE CHOOSE

4. How can a network of high-quality public green spaces support well-being and enhanced biodiversity. Integrating green spaces/public realm towards wellness and mitigation of climate change?

Ecologies? How can you integrate green environments and the City River Park ecosystem?

Here are 6 challenges that provide some perspective for us to view the Northern Gateway development project. We have chosen challenge 4 to explore how to use urban green space as the main element to design the urban form, so as to achieve the vision of a sustainable and livable ecological city.

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1.5 THE LOCATION OF THE SITE LOCAL P-34.34-3

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A brief of the site TTS

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THE LOCATION OF THE SITE The Northern Gateway Strategic Regeneration Framework ("SRF") has been prepared by Manchester City Council ("MCC") to guide the future development of one of the largest regeneration projects in the UK.

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Northern Gateway

1K M

1K

M

Site

Manchester City Center

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1.6 WHY WE SELECT THIS CHALLENGE LOCAL P-34.34-3

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Building Land Brownfield Land

12%

Brown Green Land

29%

Green Land

57%

8% 24%

Building Land

63%

V.S.

Land Use in the existing Northern Gateway Area

Proposed La

nfield Land

SHRINKAGE IN GREEN SPACE 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Building Land

Green Land

Existing

Brownfield Land Proposed

Less Green Space Green spaces decrease with the construction of social buildings.

and Use in the future Northern Gateway Area

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1.6 WHY WE SELECT THIS CHALLENGE LOCAL P-34.34-3

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10

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1 2

Legend

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3

Legend Existing green spaces

Dwelling Area

FRAGMENTATION

2.7 KM

Dwelling Area

Fragmentation of green space

Dwelling Area

KM 2.5

Green Area

3.1 KM

Dwelling Area

Dwelling Area

Green Area

Connectivity

Accessbility

The connection between the green spaces it limited

Residents are hard to reach the green space

From above site analysis, we can know that the existing green spaces which belongs to the public space have already cause some problems on the site. Thus, we want to focus on the green spaces issuess perspective and explore how to solve it

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1.6 WHY WE SELECT THIS CHALLENGE LOCAL P-34.34-3

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The relationship between green patch, wellbeing and biodiversity TTS

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BIODIVERSITY

RESEARCH OBJECT

The main research object, according to the challenge we selected SPECIES

SPATIAL PROBLEM DEFINED

INHABITANTS

From the perspective of urban green space, we studied the spatial problems of the northern gateway and pointed out how they affect well-being and biodiveristy GREEN SPACE SIZE

SPATIAL PARAMETERS

F

These parameters extracted from ST2's research reflect the state of the green space. Therefore, we will use it as a standard for evaluating the results in the tool.

Reference: United Nations Human Settlements Pro

In Studio2, we studied how green space, well-being and biodivers the reduction and fragmentation of green spaces, thereby affe

UN-Habitat. (2020) Public Space Site-Specific Assessment: Guidelines to Achieve Quality Public Spaces at Neighbourrhood Level. [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2020/07/final_pssa_v.1_reviewed_compressed.pdf

GREEN SPACE

WELL-BEING

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

DIVERSITY OF GREEN SPACE

FRAGMENTATION

MORE HOUSING NEED URBAN SPRAWL & SHRINKAGE IN GREEN SPACES

COMMUNITY

WALK DISTANCE

ACCESSIBILITY TO GREEN SPACE EMMISION

WARMING

ogramme, 2020. (UN-Habitat) Public space site-specific assessment.

sity interact with each other, and we found that urban sprawl has led to ecting the natural and residential ecological environment of the city.

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1.7 HOW WE SET UP THE TOOL (RECAP) LOCAL P-34.34-3

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Explaining the design workflow during Studio TTS

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In Studio1 & 2, we have finished defining the problems, strategies and logic behind the computational tool.

In Studio3, we will develop the tool and use it to generate iterations and analyse different outcomes of green space-oriented urban planning.

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ST1 FOCUS

ST2 FOCUS

STAGE 01

STAGE 02

DEFINING THE PROBLMES & STRATEDGIES

DESIGNING THE TOOL

RESEARCHING THE THEORIES

RESEARCHING THE TOOL

ST3 FOCUS

STAGE 03

STAGE 04

STAGE 05

BUILDING THE TOOL

APPLYING THE TOOL

ANALYSING THE OUTCOMES

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0.3B

2 TOOL INTR N-3.4

BRIEF INTRODU

R ODUCTIO N

UCTION TO WHAT THE TOOL WILL DO

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2.1 OUR TOOL TARGET USER LOCAL P-34.34-3

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Explaining who will use the tool TTS

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For students, the tool can provide a platform to be familiar with the process of urban planning Students

For designer / planner, the tool can help with the design process to evaluate the feasibility of the proposals. And it can also help to test the concept in the early stage which can improve efficiency.

Designer / Planner

For developer, the tool can help establish a basic feeling of the future area which can formulate a more relevant policies.

Developer

For the other users, they can be educated for the theory of the urban planning and have fun.

Other People

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2.2 SPHERE OF APPLICATION OF THE TOOL TTS

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BUILDING SCALE

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PLOT S

· What is it? Urban design focuses on the individual building system which contribute to the whole urban performance.

· What is it? Design focu operation or the relatio public.

· Why not consider? Only focus on buildings cannot address our project goal - to create green spaces network to improve wellbeing and biodiversity.

· Why consider? In o to create green spac meanwhile conside our green spaces tog accessibility with the g focus on those how to cannot fully address pro

URBAN SCALE

SCALE

uses on the community on between private and

our project, we plan ces network system, er how to maximise gether with residents' green spaces. But only enlarger green spaces oject goal.

· What is it? Design scale focuses on designing future cities and the whole urban systems. · W h y c o n s i d e r ? O u r p ro j e c t g o a l i s t o build green spaces network to connect neighbourhood and ecology system, while improve human wellbeing and biodiversity.

Thus, it is necessary to consider our project from a macro level.

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2.3 OUR TOOL'S FUNCTIONS LOCAL P-34.34-3

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What can user do with our tool TTS

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In our tool, user can apply the tool to test their initial design proposals or whether the parameters are suitable or not

Testing Proposals

User can also store and compare various outcomes to select the most suitable one for his/her own project.

Compare Proposals

Every step in our tool is visualized and interactive so that the users can adjust easily and reflect quickly.

Visualized & Interactive

GREEN PLAN EXPLO

N CITY NING ORER

Through steps, users will finally have a well-connective city no matter which scenario they choose.

Improve connectivity of green spaces

By maintaining the original patches, connect the green spaces and raise the railway network, local biodiversity can be protected to some extend.

Protect Biodiversity

After the whole generation, residents can live in an accessible and well-linked green city. Therefore, it will improve the wellbeing of the local residents.

Improve wellbeing

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2.4 STEPS TO USE THE TOOL TTS

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Input Site & Select Maintain Elements

In step 1, you can upload the site from the internet.

Then you can draw the elements that you want to remain on the site.

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STEP 02

STEP 04

Scenario Selection

Transport Network Generation

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STEP 01

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3

4

H e re , y o u c a n s e l e c t one of the four prefab scenarios to explore your city.

STEP 03 Functional Circles Generation

In step 3, you are required to enter the population, urban density and circle radius to operate the circle packing on the site.

In step 4, you can select one method to generate your road network. Then you can also raise your railway system and build your raised garden too.

STEP 05 Land-use Allocation

In step 5, base on the circles map,road network and the percentage parameters, you will have a land-use map.

STEP 06

STEP 08

Building Generation

Compare Your Cities

In step 6, you can determine the height of each kind of typology and the building offset.

STEP 07 Scoring of Your City

In the final step, you can compare all of your planning city and see which one will meet your requirements.

In step 7, you will receive a score base on our evaluation systems and the analysed data for each indicator

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2.5 THEORIES BEHIND THE TOOL TTS

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STEP 02

STEP 03

Input Site & Select Maintain Elements

Scenario Selection

Functional Circles Generation

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STEP 01

1

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STEP 04 Transport Network Generation

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COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS (CAS)

PATCH DYNAMIC

Cities can be described as complex adaptive systems as they are undeniably complex and exhibit the same properties that can be found in any CAS.

Patch dynamic is used to refer simply to changes that occur over time in the spctial patterns of ecosystem components.

STEP 05

STEP 06

STEP 07

STEP 08

Land-use Allocation

Building Generation

Scoring of Your City

Compare Your Cities

AGENT BASED MODEL (ABM)

CIRCLE PACKING

A type of model based on computer simulation, where the behabiour of system is determined by individual activities and interactions.

Circle packing is the study of the arrangement of circles on a given surface that no overlapping occurs and no circle can be enlarged without creating an overlap.

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0.3B

3 HOW THE T N-3.4

LOGIC AND

TOOL WORK

D MECHANISM BEHIND THE TOOL

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3.1 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 1 TTS

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STEP 01 Input Site & Select Maintain Elements

In step 1, you can upload the site from the internet.

Then you can draw the elements that you want to remain on the site.

Maintain the Irk River 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Maintain the Main Ro

oad

Selecting the Connecting Roads

Maintain the Orginal Green Pathces

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Step2 Scenario Selection This section will have an introduction of the agent based model theory and how we apply it to design various scenarios in step 2.

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3.2 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 2 TTS

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W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Green patches cell Green corridors cell We set up different kinds of "circle agent" to represent areas of different land use.

STEP 02

2

3

4 Put those circles into the site

H e re , y o u c a n s e l e c t one of the four prefab scenarios to explore your city.

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Commercial cell Amenity cell

Scenario Selection

1

Residential housing cell

Circles can attract or repulse each other based on specific rules, which means we can control the land use trends by controlling the attraction or repulsion rules.

Namazi-Rad, MR., Padgham, L., Perez, P., Nagel, K. and Bazzan, A. (2017) Agent based modelling of urban systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Singapore: ABMUS.

In response to the challenge of improving the biodiversity of the site, protecting the ecological area from excessive human activities, and improving the well-being of residents, we set up some fixed rules for the tool

(1) the connection of ecological patches attracts small green patches (to form a relatively continuous green corridor);

(2) the green corridor attracts residential areas (to improve the accessibility of residents to green spaces)

(3) Residential area attracts commercial area and amenity area.

47

3.2 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 2 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Applying ABM theory in step 2 W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Our gen w

Mixed-use development

Gree

STEP 02 Scenario Selection

Commercial Ar

Residential Area 1

2

3

Amenity

4 Commercial Area

H e re , y o u c a n s e l e c t one of the four prefab scenarios to explore your city.

Corridor

Ecological Patch

Corridor Ecological Patch

Attraction

Reside

Repulsion

C Ecological Patch Attractio

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Scenario 1

Sc

purpose is to compare the performance of the city model nerated by different attraction/repulsion models to understand which land use plan can better help us solve the challenge.

Highly Greenprotected City

en-led City

rea

Amenity

Amenity

ential Area

Corridor l

on

Commercial Area

Commercial Area Residential Area

Residential Area Corridor Corridor

Corridor Ecological Patch Repulsion

cenario 2

Residential -Led City

Ecological Patch

Ecological Patch

Attraction

Repulsion

Scenario 3

Corridor Ecological Patch Residential Area Attraction

Corridor Ecological Patch Amenity Repulsion

Scenario 4

49

Step3 Functional Circles Generation In step 3, we will introduce the circle packing strategy which is influenced by ABM theory and how we make use of circle packing to deal with the relationship between the basic urban functions.

51

3.3 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 3 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Circle pakcing strategy in step 3 W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 03 Functional Circles Generation

In step 3, you are required to enter the population, urban density and circle radius to operate the circle packing on the site.

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Randomly generated center and specified number and radius arou

Collins, C. R. and Stephenson, K. (2003) “A Circle Packing Algorithm,” Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications, 25(3), pp. 233–256. doi: 10.1016/S0925-7721(02)00099-8.

Incompletely packaged containers

und the area

Fully packaged container

53

3.3 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 3 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

How to calculate each functions'area W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

commercial

Reference: Neufe RIBA Sustainable O

STEP 03 Functional Circles Generation

In step 3, you are required to enter the population, urban density and circle radius to operate the circle packing on the site.

current population in city center around 37,000 in 2019

amenity area

Reference: Neufe RIBA Sustainable O

green space

Reference: Neufe RIBA Sustainable O

projection housing provision 15,000 in next 15 to 20 years

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

residential ar

Reference: Neufe RIBA Sustainable

Neufert, E. (2019) Architects' data. Fifth edition / edn. Translated by D. Sturge and N. J. Luhman.

Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell.

2-4m2 per inhabitat

× population

area

total area approximate 340,000m2 commercial area

ert, P. (n.d.) Architects’ Data.

Outcomes Guide

1-2m2 per inhabitat

× population

a

total area approximate 170,000-340,000m2 amenity area

ert, P. (n.d.) Architects’ Data.

Outcomes Guide

30-40m2 per inhabitat

Different functional fields scale × population

es area

total area approximate 255,000-420,000m2 green spaces area

ert, P. (n.d.) Architects’ Data.

Outcomes Guide

15-37m2 per inhabitat

rea

× population

total area approximate 1,275,000 -3,145,000m2 residential area

ert, P. (n.d.) Architects’ Data.

Outcomes Guide

55

3.3 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 3 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

Applying the calculation to the circle packing W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Function

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Total Area

Residential Area

164,000-328,000 m² Commercial Area

In step 3, you are required to enter the population, urban density and circle radius to operate the circle packing on the site.

82,000-164,000 m² Amenity Area

255,000-420,000 m² Green Space Area

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

More Corridor Area

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

1,230,0003,034,000 m²

STEP 03 Functional Circles Generation

TTS

Typ

pology

CLICK THE BUTTON BELOW TO VIEW THE DYNAMIC GENERATION PROCESS EXAMPLE

Types of Circle

Amount of circles 214 - 870

R= 15m

R= 30m

8 - 35 R= 30m

R= 50m

8 - 35 R= 30m

R= 50m

4 - 46 R= 15m

R= 60m

Circle Packing

-

57

Step4 Transport Network Generation In this section, we will talk about how we design our transport network system, including the road and railway systems.

59

3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

There are two network sytems in step4 W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Road Network Generation

STEP

Transport Gener

In road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the road parameters to suit the needs.

Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.

In step 4, user can select the road network. Then railway system and buil

Railway Network Renovation

P 04

t Network ration

t one method to generate user can also raise their ld the raised garden too.

In the railway generation, user can lift their original railway on the site which can provide more public spaces for the city and protect the species from danger.

What's more, users can build a garden above the railway.

61

3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Why apply the grid system in road network generation TTS

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Some of world's ten greenest the grid system while plann

STEP 04 Road Network Generation

Street Grid Network

Hyde Park

Y X 0

200m

Sydney

In the road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the raod parameters to suit the needs. Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.

Joubert Park

0

200m

Johannesburg

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

There are many methods to generate the street network and one of th in the road network. And based on Knight (2017), Steuteville (2019) an connectivity and disperse the traffic, which finally lead to the wellbeing

t cities have also applied ning the road network.

Benefits of the grid system

Walkable

Wellbeing Improve

Southside Park 0

200m

Navigable

Sacramento

Connectivity improve Ma ga zin e

Be ac h

0

Cambridge(US)

200m

Disperse Traffic

hem is using a grid. According to the Reynolds (2017), there are many green cities that have applied the grid systems nd Alberit (2005), grid system can not only make the community more walkable and navigable but also improve the improvement.

Knight,P. (No date) Why the grid is a great asset to our cities. [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] https:// www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/fallacies-against-grid/34437/ Steuteville, R. (2019) Why choose a grid? [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] https://www.cnu.org/ publicsquare/2019/11/20/why-choose-grid

Alberti, M. (2005) ‘The Effects of Urban Patterns on Ecosystem Function’, International Regional Science Review, 28(2), pp. 168–192. doi: 10.1177/0160017605275160.

Reynolds, M. (2017) This algorithm has found the greenest city in the world. [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] https://www.wired.co.uk/article/green-city-index-mit-media-lab-google-street-view

63

3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

Why apply the grid system in step 4 W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 04 Road Network Generation

In the road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the raod parameters to suit the needs. Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

People

5,000

5,

Buildings Density

Low

Av

Density of Grid

Low

Av

Green space area

Limited Protected

Pr

Various Scenarios under various density grid

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

According to Sushinsky and his colleagues (2013), a suitable grid density can pro

,000

5,000

5,000

verage

High

Compact

verage

High

Compact

rotected

Well Protected

High Protected

A suitable grid density

Protect intact green spaces

Protect local Biodiversity

otect the intact green spaces to some extent. In other words, a suitable grid network can protect the local biodiversity.

Sushinsky.J, Rhodes.J, Possingham. H, Gill. T and Fuller. R. (2013) How should we grow cities to minimize their biodiversity impacts? [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] https://fullerlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Sushinsky-et-al-2013.pdf

65

3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

Providing 5 methods to generate road network W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Consideration 1

STEP 04 Degree of relaxation

Road Network Generation

Method1: Grid

Method2: Curve Grid

In the road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the raod parameters to suit the needs. Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Based on the consideration of the degree of relaxation and whether there are gu

Street Grid Network

Consideration 2

Y X

Guide Line

Method3: One Guideline

Method4: Two Guideline

Method5: Guideline & Curve Grid

uide lines of the grid system, we develop 5 methods to generate the road network.

67

3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

User can build a transport hub using wooly paths W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

What is a transport hub under TOD guidance?

STEP 04 Road Network Generation

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

0m

50

In the road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the raod parameters to suit the needs. Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.

Hub Amenity

Residential Green Space

Commercial

TOD is called Transit-oriented development, and it means people will need to take around 5-10 minutes (400-800 meters) to reach the residence, commercial area and amenity area after they get off the hub.

Wikipedia. (No date) Transit-oriented development. [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit-oriented_development Schumacher, P. (2008) A New Global Style for Architecture and Urban Design. [Online]

[Accessed March 14th, 2021] https://www.patrikschumacher.com/Texts/Parametricism%20-%20 A%20New%20Global%20Style%20for%20Architecture%20and%20Urban%20Design.html

Why to have a transport hub?

Attract Investment

TOD Transport Hub

Improve Accessibility

Wellbeing Improve Save Commuting time

Why wooly paths?

Transport Hub

Road Network

Residence Residents

Limit the road length

Woolly Path

Woolly Path is a strategy that can ''compute a network solution between given points that optimize the relationship of total network length and the average detour factor imposed.''

(Schumacher. P (2008))

69

3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

Processes and parameters in road generation W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 04 Road Network Generation

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Context Input

Select Methods

Parameters

Methods

Irk River

Connecting Road In the road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the road parameters to suit the needs. Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.

TTS

Guide Line

Input t

Param

Grid

Curve Grid

X

90m

Distanc One Guideline 90m

Original Patch

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Railway

Two Guideline

Guideline & Curve Grid

Distanc

Angle o

the Grid

Transport Hub

Plot & Parcel Generation

Generation Loop

meters

Parameters

Parameters

Loop

Option 1

210m

ce of X

12m

Hub Location

21m

Road Offset

Y Option 2

210m

ce of Y

of grid

6m

Hub Service Radius

60m

Plot Width .......

71

3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

Road network generation graphic and video explaination W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

1

STEP 04 Road Network Generation

Input the maintained context and railway, select the main road as guide line and the connecting road In the road generation, there are five methods for exploration and user can also adjust the raod parameters to suit the needs. Besides, a hub for the city is another choice for user to apply.

Select the method 5 ( curve grid) to genera

3

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Select the transport hub location and form the final grid

Plot and parcel ge

2

CLICK THE BUTTON BELOW TO VIEW THE DYNAMIC GENERATION PROCESS EXAMPLE

(Guideline with ate road grids

4 Grasshopper Battery

eneration

73

3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

Raising the railway system W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

The Railway Layout in the Northern Gateway

STEP 04 Railway Network Renovation

In the railway renovation, user can lift their origianl railway on the site whic can provide more public spaces for the city and protect the species from danger. What's more. user can build a grenden above the railway.

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Community Green area Railway

3.55% Railway Area = 53,397 m2 Total Area = 1,500,000 m2

Problems

Aims

Interrupt the connection between communities

Wellbeing down

Interrupt the connection between species

Biodiversity Down

Improve Accessbility

Provide More Green Spaces

Connect the Existing Green Patches

Raised green railway

75

3.4 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 4 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Raising the railway system W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 04

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Railway Input

Raising Railway

Parameters

Parameters

Generate Ra

Param

Railway Network Renovation

In the railway renovation, user can lift their origianl railway on the site whic can provide more public spaces for the city and protect the species from danger. What's more. user can build a grenden above the railway.

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Select the maintained railway line

0m

10m

Railway Height

15m

Gar He

CLICK THE BUTTON BELOW TO VIEW THE DYNAMIC EXAMPLE GENERATION PROCESS

aise Garden

meters

25m

Grasshopper Battery

rden eight

77

Walk from your house to surrounding green space

Have a walk on the highway parks

View your unique flat in the mixused building

Decide the plants of your small garden

79

Step5 Land-use Allocation In step 5, we will then focus on how we allocate landuse on the site according to the previous functional and transport generation.

81

3.5 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 5 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

Land-use allocation W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 4 ROAD GENERATION OUTCOME

STEP 05 Land-use Allocation

In step 5, base on the circles map,road network and the percentage parameters, you will can have a land-use map.

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Identify the parts of circles that intersect with the chosen plot.

STEP 3 CIRCLE PACKING OUTCOME

Residential circle's occupying ratio > 60% Residential-led Amenity circle's occupying ratio > 60% Amenty-led Commercial circle's occupying ratio > 60% Commercial-led Green patch or green corridor circle's occupying ratio > 60% Green space-led 0% < Every circle's occupying ratio ≤ 60% Calculate the sum of the intersection areas by types and then identify the proportion between them.

Mixed-use We set up the rule that different proportion outcome leads to different land use type.

CLICK THE BUTTON TO VIEW THE DYNAMIC EXAMPLE GENERATION PROCESS 83

Step6 Buildings Generation While on step6, we will talk about the way we place various types of mix-used building typologies based on the previous land-use map and some rules.

85

3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

Building generation W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 06

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Buildings

Building Generation Land use map

In step 6, you can determine the height of each kind of typology and the building offset.

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Plots

Circle mapping

The process of building generation is based on the land use type(step 5), and most of the typologies are mixed-use to show the adaptiveness and flexibility.

87

3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

LOCAL P-34.34-3

Residential-led typology TTS

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL-LED BUILDING High-rise residential-led building allows more terrace spaces for green amenities or animal habitats. It also provides residents with more commercial or amenity functions for convenience.

INPUT PARAMETERS

CONDITION

Building height (metres) 60

80

Building offset (metres) 8

12

Residential circle Circle of other land-use type

Residential circle's occupying ratio > 60%

GENERATIVE RULE

Residential floors

Amenity & commercial floors

Residential circle occupying ratio = x% Building height = y (metres) Storey height = z (metres) Number of residential floors = y*x% / z Number of amenity & commercial floors = y*(1-x%) / z

89

3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

LOCAL P-34.34-3

Residential-led typology TTS

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

MID-RISE RESIDENTIAL-LED BUILDING Green balconies are added to mid-rise residentialled building allowing more spaces for vegetation and habitats.

INPUT PARAMETERS

CONDITION

Building height (metres) 16

36

Building offset (metres) 5

12

Residential circle Circle of other land-use type

Residential circle's occupying ratio > 60%

* It is a part of the generative script.

91

3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

LOCAL P-34.34-3

Residential-led typology TTS

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Low-rise residential building enjoys bigger garden spaces which are semi-open to public and also provide more habitats for animals.

INPUT PARAMETERS

CONDITION

Building height (metres) 6

12

Building offset (metres) 2

4

Residential circle Circle of other land-use type

Residential circle's occupying ratio > 60%

* It is a part of the generative script.

93

3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Commercial-led & Amenity-led typolgoy TTS

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

HIGH-RISE COMMERCIAL(AMENITY)-LED BUILDING Similar to high-rise residential-led building, this typology allows more terrace spaces for green amenities or animal habitants.

INPUT PARAMETERS

CONDITION

Building height (metres) 60

90

Building offset (metres) 8

12

Commercial circle

Amenity circle

Circle of other land-use type

Circle of other land-use type

Amenity or Commercial circle's occupying ratio > 60%

GENERATIVE RULE

Amenity or Commercial circle occupying ratio = x% Building height = y (metres) Storey height = z (metres) Number of amenity & commercial floors = y*x% / z Number of residential floors = y*(1-x%) / z

95

3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Commercial-led & Amenity-led typology TTS

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

MID-RISE COMMEICRAL(AMENITY)-LED BUILDING This building typology aims to have open areas for green roofs where people can enjoy outdoor activities.

INPUT PARAMETERS

CONDITION

Building height (metres) 12

40

Building offset (metres) 3

8

Commercial circle

Amenity circle

Circle of other land-use type

Circle of other land-use type

Amenity or Commercial circle's occupying ratio > 60%

* It is a part of the generative script.

97

3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Mixed-use typology TTS

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

HYBRID BUILDING Hybrid building is mix-used to fit world’s changing demands or requirements flexibly. It allows for a green corridor as the circulation system within the building.

INPUT PARAMETERS

CONDITION

Building height (metres) 12

45

Building offset (metres) 4

15 Residential circle

Commercial circle

Amenity circle

Green corridor or green patch circle

0% < Every circle's occupying ratio ≤ 60%

* It is a part of the generative script.

99

3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Mixed-use typology TTS

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

HYBRID BUILDING GENERATIVE RULE

Input building height

Generate the frame for plug-in units Insert plug-in units of different functions based on the proportion

Input circle packing's outcome

Caculate the occupying proportion between every type of circle PLUG-IN UNITS

Residential unit A

Amenity unit A

Commercial unit

Residential unit B

Amenity unit B

Green unit

STRUCTURES

101

3.6 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 6 LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Landscape typology TTS

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LANDSCAPETYPOLOGIES TYPOLOGY LANDSCAPE In order to improve the diversity of species and public spaces, 6 subtypes of landscape typology are provided to fit different demands and situation.

GENERATIVE RULE

CONDITION

There are 2 rules to define what subtypes of the landscape typology will be

?

Green circle Circle of other land-use type

Land use type of the nearest plot

Land use type of the nearest plot

Size of the landscape plot

Green corridor or patch circle's occupying ratio > 60%

Size of the landscape plot

River Reserved patch or green corridor

Waterfront 0<area≤1000

Experimental field

1000<area≤2000

Pocket park

2000<area

Court

Residential Amenity Commercial Hybrid

Subtypes

Natural field

Court A

Court B

Waterfront

Pocket park

Experimental field

Nature field 103

View g landscape the apar

Take a look at the experimental field of the urban forest

green es from rtment

105

View green landscapes from the apartment

Sitting at the lakeside viewing area

Take a look at the experimental field of the urban forest

Walk along the road to experience the various green landscapes

Step7 Scoring Systems In step 7, we will introduce our scoring system including various evaluation indicators and the process to assess proposals from the previous steps.

1.1 UGF

2.1 Patch Size

2.2 Neighbour

2.3 Distance from core area

+20

+6.0

+11.0

+8.0

3.1 X m2 housing per person

3. 2 D i s t a n c e t o patch

3.3 X m2 Green space per person

+6

+4

+5

60 POINTS

109

3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

Framework of the scoring system W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

SCOR

STEP 07 Scoring of Your City

The scoring system includes three main specific parts to value biodiveristy and wellbeing in terms of spatial contexts.

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Urban Green Factor (UGF) Given by RIBA

The recommended UGF score is 0.3 to 0.4 for site predoninantly by residential development

Biodiv (Habitat

patch size

n

RING SYSTEM

versity Assessment t Heactare Approach)

neighbourhood

distance from core area

Wellbeing Assessment

x m2 per person appropriate to building type

accessibility to green spaces

x m2 per person for green spaces

111

3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Urban green factor scoring system W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

UGF 0 UGF 0

UGF 0.2

sealed surfaces

water feature

UGF 0.1

UGF 0.3

paving

small roof green

UGF 0.4

STEP 07 Scoring of Your City

A B

amenity grassla

UGF 0.5

C

Total UGF score = (UGF A x area A) + (UGF B x area B) + (UGF C x Area C) site area =0.3 to 0.4

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

groundcover planting

The Urban Green Factor (UGF) is a way of determining green infrastructure requirements for new development. It is used within the policies of many municipalities to set requirements that developers must agree to before planning permission for a site is granted.

The area of the site is 1,550,000 m2 and according to RIBA recommended UGF, the UGF in residential development area is 0.3 to 0.4 The Ecology Consultancy. (2017) Greater London Authority Urban Greening Factor for London Research Report. [Online] [Accessed March 15th, 2021] https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/urban_ greening_factor_for_london_final_report.pdf

and

r

n t s

g l

UGF 1

UGF 0.7

UGF 0.6

UGF 0.8

UGF 1

hedges

vegetation blanket

green roof

woodland

green wall

flower planting

vegetation over structure

wetland

<25 m

25 m

<25 m

planted trees in cubic less than 25 m

25 m

rain garden

standard planed trees on 25m cubic

grassland selected in project

113

3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

Biodiversity scoring system W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

set rules

Patch Size

STEP 07 Scoring of Biodiversity

< 2 ha Score= 1 2 ha< but <5 ha Score= 2 5 ha< but <10 ha Score= 4

According to Habitat Hectare Approach, the landscape context, like patch size, neighbour and distance from core area, are selected to quantify the weight of green patchs and assess biodiversity in this area.

3 km

10 ha< but <20 ha Score= 6

20 ha< but significantly disturbed Score= 8

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 20 ha< but not significantly disturbed Score= 10

Chaozhen, C. (2012) Landscape ecological diversity. [Online] [Accessed March 15th, 2021] https://www. doc88.com/p-657228723362.html

500 m

radius < score=1

radius < >=1km score=6

radius > score=2

generate the visual building layer

evaluation

s

Neighbourhood

END

Distance from core area

1 km

5 km 5 km

m

core area 1 km

1 km 500 m

500 m

<= 500m 10

radius <= 1km and >=500m score=8

<= 3km and

radius <= 5km and >=3km score=4

distance contiguous

score=5

distance< 1 km

score=4

6

1 km< distance <5km

score=2

>= 5 km 2

distance >5 km

score=0

115

3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

Impacts on Wellbeing W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Environment

STEP 07 What are imtpacts on Welling?

In the study of Physical and Environement Impacts on Mental Wellbeing, there are five factors influening people' wellbeing. We select three spatial sections that could quantify wellbeing scores.

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Guite, H. F., Clark, C. and Ackrill, G. (2006) “The impact of the physical and urban environment on mental well-being.” Public Health, 120(12) pp. 1117–1126.

dissatisfication of noise

dissatisfication with over-crowding in the home

average floor area per person

SOCIAL AND ENVIROENMENT IMPACTS ON MENTAL WELLBEING

Social

access to green spaces

accessibility to green space

dissatisfication with social facilities

feel unsafe

average green space per person

117

3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Wellbeing scoring system W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Housing STEP 07 Scoring of Wellbeing

Based on guidance in urban planning, it is clains that welleing is related to average floor area per person, accessibility to greens and the green space per person.

10-20 m2 per person

20-30 m2 per person

Score 2

Score 4

th di sp 40

Sc 30-40m2 per person

40-50m2 per person

Score 6

Score 8

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 40-50m2 per person

50-60m2 per person

Score 10

Score 10

th di sp >1

Sc

Rodgers, M. (2015) Downsizing: How to Optimize your Living Space. [Online] [Accessed April 15th, 2021] https://www.mentorworks.ca/blog/business-strategy/01downsizing-to-optimize-living-space/

NationMaster.(2008) Counties Compared. [Online] [Accessed April 15th, 2021] https://www.nationmaster. com/country-info/stats/Geography/Area/Land/Per-capita

set rules

evaluation

generate the visual building layer

Accessibility

he average minimum istance access to green pace for every household > 00 m

the average minimum distance access to green space for every household >300m and <= 400 m

core 2

Score 4

he average minimum istance access to green pace for every household 100m and <=300 m

core 6

END

the average distance access to green space for every household < = 100 m

Score 10

Green spaces area

<=9 m2 green

space per person Score 4

9 m2 < and <=15 m2 green space per person

15m2 < and <=30 m2 green space per person

30 m2 < and <=40 m2 green space per person

Score 8

Score 10

Score 6

119

3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Calculation systems logic W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

UGF( urban green factor)

Patch size

START

START

STEP 07 Biodiversity Calculation Logic Different surface coverage area( A ) individually

Input data

Different surface coverage UGF score (B)

Green spaces coverage area( G )

Input data

Math Math calculation calculation

G/Gn How to calcuculate biodiversity scores step by step on computational tool.

Math calculation 1

Math calculation AXB Math calculation 2

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

(A X B)/ site area UGF score

if G/Gn < 2ha, score = 1 ......

Patch size size score scor Patch

Neighbour START

Green spaces number ( Gn )

nn11

n

n2

e re

Distance from core area

Parch size standard scores (Gs)

Green spaces Input data

Find the central points of green spaces and cloest points

Distance standard scores (Ds)

Calculate Calculatedistance distance between betweenpoints(D) points (D)

START Green spaces and maintained patches

Input data

Find the central points in maintained patches( Pm) and green spaces central points( Pg) Radius standard scores (Rs)

Calculate radius (R) from Pm to Pg

if D > 400m, score = 2 ......

if R > 5km, score = 0 ......

Neighbour Neighbour score score

Distance from core Distance from core area score score

121

3.7 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 7 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Calculation systems logic W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

X m2 housing per person START Housing total area (Ht)

STEP 07 Wellbeing Calculation Logic

Input data Projection population (P=85,000)

Math calculation 1

H loca

C

Ht/P How to calcuculate wellbeing scores step by step on computational tool.

Math calculation 2 Housing area standard scores (Hs)

if 20m2< H < 30 m2, score = 4 ......

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Housing area per person score

Dista stan sco (D

Accessibility to green spaces

X m2 green spaces per person

START

START

Housing ations(Lh)

Input data

Calculate distance between Lh and Lg(Dgh)

ance ndard ores Ds1)

Projection population (P = 85,000)

Green spaces locations ( Lg ) Input data Green spaces coverage area ( G1 )

Math calculation 2

if Dgh > 400m, score = 2 ......

Accessibility score

Math calculation1

Math calculation 2 Green space area per person standard scores (Gs)

if Gp >= 9m2, score = 4 ......

Green space area per person

123

Proposal 1

Proposal 2

Proposal 4

Proposal 3

Proposal 5

1,2,3 ...N

COMPARISON FILTER

Step8 Comparing Your Cities In the final step, we will show how we filter various proposals in the tool.

125

3.8 TOOL MECHANISM IN STEP 8 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Comparing the results W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

In the final step, you can compare all of your planning city and see which one will meet your requirements.

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Compare Indicators 1.1 UGF

Residential Area

Floor Area Ra

2.1 Patch Size

Commerical Area

Lot Coverag

2.2 Neighbour

Amenity Area

2.3 Distance from core area

Mix-used Area

3.1 X m2 housing space per person 3.2 Distance to patch 3.3 X m2 Green space per person

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 08 Compare Your Cities

LOCAL P-34.34-3

Green Area Road Area

Vertical sky comp

atio

Various Proposals

78

63

72

63 Final Selection

ge

ponent 64

61

45

53

78

......

127

0.3B

N-3.4

4 TOOL IN SHOWCASE THE

NTERFACE INTERFACE WE DESIGN FOR THE TOOL

0.3B

N-3.4

131

4.1 LOGIN TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

133

4.2 STEP 01- INPUT SITE TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 01 Input Site & Select Maintain Elements

In step 1, you can upload the site from the internet.

Then you can draw the elements that you want to remain on the site.

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

135

4.2 STEP 02- SCENARIO SELECTION TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 02 Scenario Selection

1

2

3

4

H e re , y o u c a n s e l e c t one of the four prefab scenarios to explore your city.

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

137

4.3 STEP 03- CIRCLES GENERATION TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 03 Functional Circles Generation

In step 3, you are required to enter the population, urban density and circle radius to operate the circle packing on the site.

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

139

4.4 STEP 04- ROAD NETWORK GENERATION TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 04 Transport Network Generation

In step 4, you can select one method to generate your road network. Then you can also raise your railway system and build your raised garden too.

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

141

4.4 STEP 04- RAILWAY RENOVATION TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 04 Railway Network Renovation

In the railway renovation, user can lift their origianl railway on the site whic can provide more public spaces for the city and protect the species from danger. What's more. user can build a grenden above the railway.

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

143

4.5 STEP 05- LAND-USE ALLOCATION TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 05 Land-use Allocation

In step 5, base on the circles map,road network and the percentage parameters, you will can have a land-use map.

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

145

4.6 STEP 06- BUILDING GENERATION TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 06 Building Generation

In step 6, you can determine the height of each kind of typology and the building offset.

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

147

4.7 STEP 07- SCORING YOUR CITY TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 07 Scoring of Your City

I n s t e p 7, y o u w i l l receieve a score base on our evaluation systems and the analysed data for each indicator

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

149

4.7 STEP 07- SCORING YOUR CITY TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 07 Scoring of Your City

I n s t e p 7, y o u w i l l receieve a score base on our evaluation systems and the analysed data for each indicator

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

151

4.8 STEP 08- COMPARE YOUR CITIES TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

STEP 08 Compare Your Cities

In the final step, you can compare all of your planning city and see which one will meet your requirements.

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

153

4.9 INTERFACE VIDEO TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

PLEASE CLICK THE BUTTON BE OF OUR

ELOW TO VIEW THE TUTORIAL R TOOL

155

0.3B

5 ANALYSE T N-3.4

COMPARE THE P

THE RESULTS

PERFORMANCE OF MULTIPLE OPTIONS

0.3B

N-3.4

5.1 SELECTING PROCESS LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Overview of how to select a suitable proposal for the site TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Scenario 1 Functional Circles Generation

Transport Network Generation

Mixed-Function

Scenario 2

Input Site & Select Maintain Elements Green-Led

1,2,3...

Scenario 3

Va r i o u s P a r a m e t e r s Setting

Green-Protected Scenario 4

Resident-Led

Land-use Allocation

Building Generation

2.2 Neighbour

2.1 Patch Size

1.1 UGF

k

2.3 Distance from core area

Scoring of Your City 1-2

1-3

1-5

Compare and Select 2-1

2-5

3-2

3-5

4-1

4-5

2-1

......

3.1 X m2 housing space per person

3.2 Distance to patch

3.3 X m2 Green space per person

159

5.2 SCENARIO 1 TESTING TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

Generation process W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Population 170,000 20

SCENARIO 1 Mixed-Function

2

4

Commercial Residential Density Density (m2 per inhabitat)

1

2

Amenity Density (m2 per inhabitat)

30

40

Green Space Density (m2 per inhabitat)

Road Type

Residential Area Amenity

Commercial Area

Corridor

Guide line with curve grid 90

210

Corridor Ecological Patch Attraction

Residential Density (m2 per inhabitat)

50

Ecological Patch Repulsion

Plot Width (m)

Block Width (m)

Road Offset (m)

30

12

Hub Radius (m)

Railway Raised Height (m

450

18

Road Network Generation

m)

Circles Generation Radius (m) 30

Residential Circle Radius (m)

Radius (m) 50

Commercial Circle Radius (m)

Outcomes

Radius (m) 50

Amenity Circle Radius (m)

1-5

Radius (m) 60

Green Space Circle Radius (m)

Radius (m)

Green Corridor Circle Radius (m)

15

Residential-led Land-use (%) 20.16%

9 21 30 6 18 24 45 60

80

Residential Mixused height

Commercial-led Land-use (%) 4.90%

15 24 45 6 20 40

90

Commercial Mixused height

6 15 30 45

60

Amenity Mix-used height

90

Flexible Mix-used height

Amenity-led Landuse (%) 5.27% Mix Land-use (%) 12.73%

Land Allocation

6 12

15

45 30 40

Building Generation 161

5.2 SCENARIO 1 TESTING TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option1-1

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.93 Lot coverage(LC): 0.43 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.88% Residential area(RA): 1,405,900 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,232,700m2

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option1-2

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

Option1-4

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.01 Lot coverage(LC): 0.43 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.91% Residential area(RA): 1,400,000 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,287,300m2

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.10 Lot coverage(LC): 0.37 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.53 Residential area(RA): 1,423,700 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,325,800

Option1-5

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.79 Lot coverage(LC): 0.38 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.8 Residential area(RA): 1,404,400 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,295,20

Better Option Option1-3

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

3%

0m2

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

Option1-6

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

84%

2

00m2

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.11 Lot coverage(LC): 0.43 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.93% Residential area(RA): 1,400,000 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,307,400m2

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.78 Lot coverage(LC): 0.42 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.65% Residential area(RA): 1,385,400 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,145,200m2

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

163

5.2 SCENARIO 1 TESTING TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option1-7

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.77 Lot coverage(LC): 0.44 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.65% Residential area(RA): 1,385,400 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,145,200m2

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option1-8

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

Option1-10

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.84 Lot coverage(LC): 0.40 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.15% Residential area(RA): 1,385,000 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,193,200m2

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.77 Lot coverage(LC):0.44 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.4 Residential area(RA): 1,385,000 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,145,200

Option1-11

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.62 Lot coverage(LC): 0.34 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.0 Residential area(RA): 1,235,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,193,200

Option1-9

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

44%

0m2

LC

OBA

VSC

RA

Option1-12

FAR LC

OBA

09%

2

0m2

FAR

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.74 Lot coverage(LC): 0.43 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.38% Residential area(RA): 1,385,000 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,124,700m2

VSC

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.63 Lot coverage(LC): 0.32 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.65% Residential area(RA): 1,235,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,199,900m2

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

165

5.2 OPTIMISED OUTCOME FOR SCENARIO 1 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

LOCAL P-34.34-3

TTS

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Testing outcomes comparison W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

wetland

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

green roof

0.40 UGF score 0

1

0.3 0.4 Standard domain

4.21 patch size

0

Patch size score

10

4 6 Standard domain

7.44 neighbour Neighbour score

10 6 8 Standard domain

0

3.87 core area Distance from core area score

5 2 4 0 Standard domain

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

amenity grass

woodland

LOCAL P-34.34-3

structure green

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

4.45 0

4 6 Standard domain

10

housing X m2 housing per person score

2.72 0

4 6 Standard domain

10

accessibility Accessibility score

4.79 0

Floor Area Ratio: 3.90 Lot Coverage: 0.41 Vertical Sky Component: 37.80% Residential Area: 1,404,400 m2 Amenity Area: 268,401 m2 Commercial Area: 172,868 m2 Mix-use Area: 773,379 m2 Green Area: 501,713 m2 Road Area:366,396 m2

4 6 Standard domain

10

green space X m2 green space per person

Total score 67.48 text

better data

text

normal data 167

5.3 SCENARIO 2 TESTING TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

Generation process W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Population 170,000 20

SCENARIO 2 Green-Led City

Commercial Area

Residential Density (m2 per inhabitat)

50

2

4

Commercial Residential Density Density (m2 per inhabitat)

1

2

Amenity Density (m2 per inhabitat)

30

40

Green Space Density (m2 per inhabitat)

Amenity

Road Type Guide line with curve grid

Residential Area

90

210

Block Width (m)

Corridor Corridor Ecological Patch Attraction

Ecological Patch Repulsion

Plot Width (m) 30 Hub Radius (m) 450

Road Offset (m) 12

Railway Raised Height (m 18

Road Network Generation

m)

Circles Generation Radius (m) 30

Residential Circle Radius (m)

Radius (m) 50

Commercial Circle Radius (m)

Outcomes

Radius (m) 50

Amenity Circle Radius (m)

2-1

Radius (m) 60

Green Space Circle Radius (m)

Radius (m)

Green Corridor Circle Radius (m)

15

Residential-led Land-use (%) 22.38%

9 21 30 6 18 24 45 60

80

Residential Mixused height

Commercial-led Land-use (%) 4.83%

15 24 45 6 20 40

90

Commercial Mixused height

6 15 30 45

60

Amenity Mix-used height

90

Flexible Mix-used height

Amenity-led Landuse (%) 4.67% Mix Land-use (%) 11.77%

Land Allocation

6 12

45 15 30 40

Building Generation 169

5.3 SCENARIO 2 TESTING TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option2-1

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option2-2

FAR

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.76 Lot coverage(LC): 0.39 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.84% Residential area(RA): 1,407,600 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,309,600m2

LC

OBA

VSC

RA

Option2-4

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.77 Lot coverage(LC): 0.36 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.29% Residential area(RA): 1,317,400 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,229,800m2

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.97 Lot coverage(LC): 0.34 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 36.9 Residential area(RA): 1,476,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,224,200

Option2-5

FAR OBA

LC

VSC

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.96 Lot coverage(LC): 0.38 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.4 Residential area(RA): 1,323,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,368,40

Better Option Option2-3

FAR LC

OBA

95%

0m2

VSC

RA

FAR LC

OBA

RA

VSC

Option2-6

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

49%

2

00m2

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.68 Lot coverage(LC): 0.35 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.53% Residential area(RA): 1,323,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,182,400m2

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.85 Lot coverage(LC): 0.35 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.61% Residential area(RA): 1,297,100 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,320,500m2

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

171

5.3 SCENARIO 2 TESTING TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option2-7

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.93 Lot coverage(LC): 0.43 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.99% Residential area(RA): 1,322,400 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,354,800m2

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option2-8

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

Option2-10

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.13 Lot coverage(LC): 0.38 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.17% Residential area(RA): 1,403,600 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,366,000m2

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.05 Lot coverage(LC):0.41 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.38 Residential area(RA): 1,405,700 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,349,800

Option2-11

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.08 Lot coverage(LC): 0.40 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 36.7 Residential area(RA): 1,502,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,307,800

Option2-9

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

8%

0m2

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

Option2-12

FAR LC

OBA

77%

2

0m2

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.94 Lot coverage(LC): 0.39 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.76% Residential area(RA): 1,333,600 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,347,200m2

VSC

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.08 Lot coverage(LC): 0.38 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.08% Residential area(RA): 1,401,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,371,900m2

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

173

5.3 OPTIMISED OUTCOME FOR SCENARIO 2 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

TestingBetter outcomes option comparison 2-1 W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

wetland

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

green roof

0.44 UGF score 0

1

0.3 0.4 Standard domain

4.21 patch size

0

Patch size score

10

4 6 Standard domain

7.42 neighbour Neighbour score

10 6 8 Standard domain

0

3.91 core area Distance from core area score

5 2 4 0 Standard domain

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

amenity grass

woodland

LOCAL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

structure green

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

4.52 0

4 6 Standard domain

10

housing X m2 housing per person score

3.25 0

4 6 Standard domain

10

accessibility Accessibility score

4.56 0

Floor Area Ratio: 3.8 Lot Coverage: 0.39 Vertical Sky Component: 38.14% Residential Area: 1,470,600 m2 Amenity Area: 275,177 m2 Commercial Area: 217,266 m2 Mix-use Area: 871,132 m2 Green Area: 447,454 m2 Road Area:366,396 m2

4 6 Standard domain

10

green space X m2 green space per person

Total score 71.87 text

better data

text

normal data 175

5.4 SCENARIO 3 TESTING TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

Generation process W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Population 170,000 20

SCENARIO 3 Highly Green Protected City

2

4

Commercial Residential Density Density (m2 per inhabitat)

1

2

Amenity Density (m2 per inhabitat)

30

40

Green Space Density (m2 per inhabitat)

Commercial Area

Road Type

Residential Area Amenity

Guide line with curve grid 90

Corridor Ecological Patch

210

Block Width (m)

Corridor Ecological Patch

Attraction

Residential Density (m2 per inhabitat)

50

Repulsion

Plot Width (m)

Road Offset (m)

30

12

Hub Radius (m)

Railway Raised Height (m

450

18

Road Network Generation

m)

Circles Generation Radius (m) 30

Residential Circle Radius (m)

Radius (m) 50

Commercial Circle Radius (m)

Outcomes

Radius (m) 50

Amenity Circle Radius (m)

3-5

Radius (m) 60

333-5 Green Space Circle Radius (m)

Radius (m) 15

Green Corridor Circle Radius (m)

Residential-led Land-use (%) 20.75%

9 21 30 6 18 24 45 60

80

Residential Mixused height

Commercial-led Land-use (%) 4.61%

15 24 45 6 20 40

90

Commercial Mixused height

6 15 30 45

60

Amenity Mix-used height

45 15 6 12 30 40

90

Flexible Mix-used height

Amenity-led Landuse (%) 5.09% Mix Land-use (%) 12.00%

Land Allocation

Building Generation 177

5.4 SCENARIO 3 TESTING TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option3-1

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option3-2

FAR

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.94 Lot coverage(LC): 0.42 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.94% Residential area(RA): 1,304,600 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,300,100m2

LC

OBA

VSC

RA

Option3-4

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.78 Lot coverage(LC): 0.36 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.93% Residential area(RA): 1,106,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,391,700m2

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.80 Lot coverage(LC): 0.36 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.2 Residential area(RA): 1,152,700 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,361,400

Option3-5

FAR OBA

LC

VSC

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.77 Lot coverage(LC): 0.35 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.3 Residential area(RA): 1,254,800 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,339,20

Better Option Option3-3

FAR LC

OBA

21%

0m2

VSC

RA

FAR LC

OBA

RA

VSC

Option3-6

FAR LC

OBA

35%

2

00m2

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.80 Lot coverage(LC): 0.37 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.15% Residential area(RA): 1,465,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,361,400m2

VSC

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 2.84 Lot coverage(LC): 0.29 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 39.51% Residential area(RA): 764,332m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,115,300m2

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

179

5.4 SCENARIO 3 TESTING TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option3-7

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.10 Lot coverage(LC): 0.31 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 39.21% Residential area(RA): 1,234,700 m2 Other building area(OBA): 818,287m2

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option3-8

FAR OBA

LC

RA

VSC

Option3-10

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.53 Lot coverage(LC): 0.29 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.34% Residential area(RA): 1,415,600 m2 Other building area(OBA): 920,185m2

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.29 Lot coverage(LC):0.31 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 39.0 Residential area(RA): 1,263,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 913,977m

Option3-11

FAR LC

VSC

OBA

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.84 Lot coverage(LC): 0.29 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 36.9 Residential area(RA): 1,421,700 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,115,200

Option3-9

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

02%

m2

FAR OBA

LC

VSC

RA

Option3-12

FAR LC

OBA

98%

0m2

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.30 Lot coverage(LC): 0.30 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.94% Residential area(RA): 1,263,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 859,903m2

VSC

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.55 Lot coverage(LC): 0.34 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.68% Residential area(RA): 1,123,100 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,227,700m2

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

181

5.4 OPTIMISED OUTCOME FOR SCENARIO 3 TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Testing outcomes comparison W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

wetland

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

green roof

0.39 UGF score 0

1

0.3 0.4 Standard domain

4.21 patch size

0

Patch size score

4 6 Standard domain

10

7.39 neighbour Neighbour score

10 6 8 Standard domain

0

4.00 core area Distance from core area score

5 2 4 0 Standard domain

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

amenity grass

woodland

LOCAL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

structure green

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

4.52 0

4 6 Standard domain

10

housing X m2 housing per person score

3.15 0

4 6 Standard domain

10

accessibility Accessibility score

4.73 0

Floor Area Ratio: 3.87 Lot Coverage: 0.35 Vertical Sky Component: 37.50% Residential Area: 1,154,800 m2 Amenity Area: 271,360 m2 Commercial Area: 233,243 m2 Mix-use Area: 834,567 m2 Green Area: 511,107 m2 Road Area:366,364 m2

4 6 Standard domain

10

green space X m2 green space per person

Total score 66.22 text

better data

text

normal data 183

5.5 SCENARIO 4 TESTING TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

Generation process W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Population 170,000 20

SCENARIO 4 Residential-led City

2

4

Commercial Residential Density Density (m2 per inhabitat)

1

2

Amenity Density (m2 per inhabitat)

30

40

Green Space Density (m2 per inhabitat)

Commercial Area Residential Area

Road Type Guide line with curve grid

Corridor

90

210

Corridor Ecological Patch

Residential Density (m2 per inhabitat)

50

Block Width (m)

Ecological Patch

Residential Area Attraction

Amenity Repulsion

Plot Width (m)

Road Offset (m)

30

12

Hub Radius (m)

Railway Raised Height (m

450

18

Road Network Generation

m)

Circles Generation Radius (m) 30

Residential Circle Radius (m)

Radius (m) 50

Commercial Circle Radius (m)

Outcomes

Radius (m) 50

Amenity Circle Radius (m)

4-1

Radius (m) 60

Green Space Circle Radius (m)

Radius (m)

Green Corridor Circle Radius (m)

15

Residential-led Land-use (%) 21.55%

9 21 30 6 18 24 45 60

80

Residential Mixused height

Commercial-led Land-use (%) 4.09%

15 24 45 6 20 40

90

Commercial Mixused height

6 15 30 45

60

Amenity Mix-used height

45 15 6 12 30 40

90

Flexible Mix-used height

Amenity-led Landuse (%) 5.03% Mix Land-use (%) 15.06%

Land Allocation

Building Generation 185

5.5 SCENARIO 4 TESTING TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option4-1

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.78 Lot coverage(LC): 0.35 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.34% Residential area(RA): 1,218,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,345,500m2

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option4-2

FAR OBA

LC

RA

VSC

Option4-4

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.39 Lot coverage(LC): 0.38 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 39.07% Residential area(RA): 1,107,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,179,700m2

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.21 Lot coverage(LC): 0.44 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.44 Residential area(RA): 1,458,300 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,381,200

Option4-5

FAR OBA

LC

VSC

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.64 Lot coverage(LC): 0.31 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.1 Residential area(RA): 1,115,100 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,151,800

Better Option Option4-3

FAR LC

OBA

4%

0m2

VSC

RA

FAR LC

OBA

RA

VSC

Option4-6

FAR LC

OBA

16%

0m2

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.70 Lot coverage(LC): 0.41 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.74% Residential area(RA): 1,106,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,381,200m2

VSC

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.82 Lot coverage(LC): 0.35 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.89% Residential area(RA): 1,295,100m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,284,400m2

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

187

5.5 SCENARIO 4 TESTING TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

Testing outcomes W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option4-7

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.99 Lot coverage(LC): 0.39 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.12% Residential area(RA): 1,347,100 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,342,200m2

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Option4-8

FAR LC

OBA

RA

VSC

Option4-10

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.70 Lot coverage(LC): 0.42 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.74% Residential area(RA): 1,205,100 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,287,500m2

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 4.01 Lot coverage(LC):0.44 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.39 Residential area(RA): 1,353,200 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,342,200

Option4-11

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.87 Lot coverage(LC): 0.44 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 37.7 Residential area(RA): 1,226,800 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,381,700

Option4-9

FAR LC

OBA

VSC

RA

9%

0m2

LC

OBA

VSC

RA

Option4-12

FAR LC

OBA

75%

2

0m2

FAR

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.88 Lot coverage(LC): 0.43 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 36.99% Residential area(RA): 1,329,600 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,287,500m2

VSC

RA

Floor Area Ratio(FAR): 3.22 Lot coverage(LC): 0.30 Vertical Sky Component(VSC): 38.44% Residential area(RA): 1,045,500 m2 Other building area(OBA): 1,124,300m2

FAR LC

VSC

OBA

RA

189

5.5 OPTIMISED OUTCOME FOR SCENARIO 4 LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Testing outcomes comparison TTS

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

wetland

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

green roof

0.40 UGF score 0

1

0.3 0.4 Standard domain

4.21 patch size

0

Patch size score

4 6 Standard domain

10

7.35 neighbour Neighbour score

10 6 8 Standard domain

0

3.82 core area Distance from core area score

5 2 4 0 Standard domain

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

amenity grass

woodland

LOCAL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

structure green

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

4.26 0

4 6 Standard domain

10

housing X m2 housing per person score

2.91 0

4 6 Standard domain

10

accessibility Accessibility score

4.62 0

Floor Area Ratio: 3.80 Lot Coverage: 0.35 Vertical Sky Component: 37.34% Residential Area: 1,218,200 m2 Amenity Area: 331,061 m2 Commercial Area: 129,907 m2 Mix-use Area: 884,497 m2 Green Area: 498,825 m2 Road Area:366,364 m2

4 6 Standard domain

10

green space X m2 green space per person

Total score 67.17 text

better data

text

normal data 191

5.6 OPTIMISED OUTCOMES COMPARE TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

Final selection W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

67.48

Total score

0.4

UGF (weight 45%) Patch size (weight 10%)

0.44 4.21

4.21 7.44

Neighbour (weight 10%) Distance from core area (5%) X m2 housing per person (10%)

7.42

3.87

3.91

4.45

3.52

Accessibility (weight 10%) 2.72

2

X m green per person(10%) Floor Area Ratio Lot Coverage Vertical Sky Component

3.25

4.79 3 3.90

0.3 37%

37.8%

71.87

0.42

4

3

0.45

0.3

39%

37%

4.56 3.80 0.39 38.14%

Better options in different Scenarios

Scenario 1-5

Scenario 2-1

0

3

optimised option

standard domain

normal test data

text

text

biodiversity data

wellbeing data

67.17

66.22

4.21

4.21

7.39

7.35 3.82

3.74

4.26

4.00

0.45

0.3

39%

37%

6.0 4.0

4.62

4.73 3.87 37.34%

6.0 4.0

2.91

3.15 3

0.4 0.3 6.0 4.0 6.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 6.0 4.0

0.4

0.39

4

standard score 80 60

0.35

Scenario 3-5

4 0.45 39%

3 0.3 37%

4 3.80 0.35 37.50%

0.45 39%

Scenario 4-1 193

5.6 OPTIMISED OUTCOME ANALYSIS LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

Detailed Biodiversity data TTS

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

UGF

Individual test score andtest weights Individual score and weights UGF: 0.44 (weight 45%) Patch0.44 size:(weight 4.21 (weight UGF: 45%) 10%)(weight 10%) Patch size: 4.21 Neighbour: Neighbour: 7.42 7.42 (weight (weight 10%) 10%) Distance from from core core area: area: Distance 3.91 3.91 (weight (weight 5%) 5%)

Total Total Score Score 71.87 71.87

Patc

Urban Green Factor given by RIBA and recommended UGF score for residentialoriented development area is 0.3 to 0.4.

It is calculated based on different coverage types.

woodland area: 476,125 m2 amenity grass area: 5,047 m2

experiment fields area: 118,555 m2

We calculate p according to its ave the total patch a

wetland area: 761,54 m2

green roof area: 173,334 m2

patch average area:1.05ha

ch size

patch size score erage dimension and area is 447,454 m2.

patch number 426

Neighbour

Distance from core area

We calculate patch neighbour score according to the average distance between two patches, the neighbour score in this project is 7.42

We calculate patch neighbour score according to the average distance between two patches, the neighbour score in this project is 7.42

700m 800m

test average neighbour distance: 769.86m

5km 3km preserved area

650m

700m

50m 20m

standard neighbour distance: 3km to 5km

5000m

3000m

standard neighbour distance: 1km to 5km

average neighbour distance: 672.27m

195

5.6 OPTIMISED OUTCOME ANALYSIS TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

Detailed wellbeing data W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

LOCAL P-34.34-3

TTS

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

X m2 housing per person average floor area per person: 25.16m2

Individual test score and weights

7m

2

X m housing per person: 4.52

(weight 10%) Accessibility: 3.25 (weight 10%) X m2 housing per person: 4.56 (weight 10%)

Total score: 71.87

10

m

7m

a five-people family

As the study in Social and Physical Environment impacts on mental wellbeing said, the crowded housing has adverse impacts on human.

A

Accessibility to green space average distance to green patch: 976 m

X m2 green space per person average green space per person: 10.94 m2

children/old 976

adults

m

30

0m

800 m

As the study in Social and Physical Environment impacts on mental wellbeing said, the accessibility to green space also has adverse impacts on human. But the ideal distance to green patch is 400m or 800m for old person and adults respectively.

According to guidance on the RIBA plan, the average green space per person is 9 m2, and the bigger the green place is, the possibility to lead a happy life is bigger.

197

6 COMMUNICAT PROP 0.3B

N-3.4

ANALYSE AND SHOW

ING OPTIMISED POSAL

WCASE THE FINAL OUTCOME FOR THE PROJECT

0.3B

N-3.4

6.1 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- MASTER PLAN TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

Showcasing the connection with the context W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Smedley Rd

Lord St

Old Mount St

Sherratt Rochdale Rd

Oldham Rd

Monsall St

Queen Rd

Osborne St

Livesey St

t St

Final Option Readouts Residential Area (m2)

1,470,600

Commercial Area (m2)

217,261

Amenity Area (m2)

255,177

Mix-used Area (m2)

871,132

Green Space Area (m2)

447,454

Road Area (m2)

366,396

201

6.2 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- MASTER PLAN ANALYSIS TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

Community and Green Area Analysis W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FUNCTION ANALYSIS

Residential Mix-used Commercial Mix-used Amenity Mix-used Flexible Mix-used

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

C P

W E P

GREEN SPACE ANALYSIS

25 0

m

Community

250m

Community 25

0m

Community m

250

Community

Community 25

0m

203

6.3 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- VISUALISATION TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

Showcasing the whole spatial outcomes of the proposal W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

FIX

205

6.3 OPTIMISED PROPOSAL- VISUALISATION TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

TTS

LOCAL P-34.34-3

CONTROL P-34.34-3

FIX

Showcasing the building typology W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

Mix-used building Typology

Low-rise Residential Typology

Mid-rise Residential Typology

High-rise Residential Typology

Low-rise Amenity Typology

High-rise Commercial Typology

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Showcasing the green space W 41°24'12.2" E 23°44'54.4" PE-3 NVGT B

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Outdoor Experimental Field

Nature Field

Lake

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Highway Garden

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Choose the time per

Daytime

Sun

riod of day you view

nset

Evening

Take a look at the experimental field of the urban forest

Have a walk on the highway parks

View green landscapes from the apartment

View your unique flat in the mixused building

Walk inside the various green landscapes

la t

View green andscapes from the apartment

Decide the plants of your small garden

Sitting at the lakeside viewing area

View the lakeside scene from the highway garden

Sitting at the lakeside viewing area

Have a walk in the lakeside park

Take a look at the experimental field of the urban forest

View green landscapes from the apartment

Walk inside the various green landscapes

Walk along the road to experience the various green landscapes

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PLEASE CLICK THE BUTTON PROPOSAL FOR THE NORT

BELOW TO VIEW OUR FINAL THERN GATEWAY PROJECT

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In conclusion, this tool and all the theories and strategies aimed to find a suitable w fragmentation challenges that could influence the residential's wellbeing and local tool, it can be concluded that the green-led scenario setting is the most suitable s Green Factor, which means the green infrastructure meets the requirement of th resident's wellbeing improvement. On the other hand, it achieves the highest score the resident's wellbeing while maintaining local biodiversity.

However, there are also some limitations. As the testing on our tool only focuses on and building heights, many variable factors can also influence the urban form an master plan as we want. Besides, the evaluation systems should consider the re outcome is suitable for the local situation or not.

Thus, based on all the outcomes and discussions above, here are some suggestion network in the future:

Applying the setting in a green-led scenario can lead to a green connected netw It is a good idea to apply UGF (Urban Green Factor) system to evaluate whether

A generative tool can help test whether the outcomes meet all kinds of urban p resident's thinking. Thus, combing the tool and some on-site survey methods migh

Finally, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the instructors of the guests and seniors for their help and suggestions. This makes us better complete th

LUSION

way to create a well-connected urban green space network to solve the landscape biodiversity. Based generation and evaluation of the four scenarios in our designed solution for our challenge. On the one hand, it has the highest score of the Urban he fast growing development of the area and brings enough green space for the e of the wellbeing and biodiversity evaluation systems which means it can improve

n some limited variables such as circles' attraction and repulsion, road parameters, nd planning. And the green network did not reach every residential block on the esident thinking by applying a questionnaire survey method to test whether the

ns that can help urban designers and planners to achieve a well-connected green

work, but we should consider more variables in the urban planning apart from that. your green infrastructure is suitable for the new development.

planning indicators to improve working efficiency, but it can not truly measure the ht be a better solution for future urban planning.

e CPU & Ai atelier, thank you for your guidance and education, and thank all the his stage of learn.

PERSONAL STATEMENT In this academic year's study, using Manchester's North Gateway as a carrier, we thought and learned about urban design from the perspective of the future city. In the previous architectural studies, most of us carried out architectural design based on our own concepts, but in this academic year, I learned to research and analyse existing theories and transform them into our own urban design Techniques to achieve our goals. This kind of theory may not only be limited to the field of urban design or architectural design, multi-dimensional and multi-field thinking has also broadened our knowledge. In the process of transforming the theory into our own city generation and evaluation tool, I have also completed the study of many architecture-related software. We have learned to use a variety of generative software and logic to complete our design goals. These are things that we could not Menghan Chen accomplish before this year's study. I am also very grateful to the instructors and faculty who have helped us. We also better understand what kind of help that parametric design can bring to architects, not only to improve, but also to help us obtain more possibilities to evaluate the best solution for our design goals. I believe that this concept will have a great impact and benefit on our future careers. In the study of studio3, I also improved my ability to display the projects, and displayed the design results in a variety of ways, which benefited me a lot.

In the studio work, I learned that how to find problems, how to tackle them and how to evaluate the result whether it could solve the problems. This is architecture logic and this could help me think the design process in every project. Besides, I also know what’s the ABM, circle parking, ecological corridor and etc. Finally, learning how to work with my team members in the whole process is the most important thing that I have got.

Jiao Xie

Junjie Su

Siyu Xie

As for me, this year is full of mindset training and software improvement. First of all, the method we apply in the whole year studio is completely different from what l have learned in my bachelor's degree in China. We are encouraged to use computational thinking and methods to design and build a tool to plan an urban area in a parameterized way. During the whole process, l have learned a lot about various urban planning theories such as complex adaptive systems and patch dynamic and urban planning strategies. One of the essential things and training is applying and transforming the theories and strategies into the design tool to help solve the site's challenges. Although this period was challenging and rack my brains, it did help me to set up a new urban planning mindset and workflow, which is helpful for personal development. Besides, l also learned a lot about the design software, such as many plugins in grasshopper, which can help improve the design efficiency and Unity, improving the interaction between user and designer. All in all, this year has changed me a lot.

Experience in studio CPU & Ai gives me a totally different architectural training compared with what I have got before. It teaches me how to develop structured thinking in design process i.e. I need to rationally measure all the decisions I make in the design process. What are the reasons? What are the pros and cons? What is the connection between the different elements?What is the logical framework and hierarchy of the design? It makes me realize that design is not just about pure aesthetics.

In studio 3, I have also learned how complex an urban design can be. The challenges of urban development come from many aspects, and there are many elements to consider in each aspect. Therefore, I need to read a lot of theories and researches to build my own knowledge system and put forward my own design ideas. This process was very difficult but nevertheless, it still benefited me a lot.

At the same time, computational design software skills and computational thinking are also developed, which assist my design projects.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Namazi-Rad, MR., Padgham, L., Perez, P., Nagel, K. and Bazzan, A. (2017) Agent based modelling of urban systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Singapore: ABMUS. Natálie, C. (2017) Effects of settlement size, urban heat island and habitat type on urban plant biodiversity, Landscape and Urban Planning, pp 15-22.

NationMaster.(2008) Counties Compared. [Online] [Accessed April 15th, 2021] https://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Geography/ Area/Land/Per-capita Nel, D. (2015) Exploring a complex adaptive systems approach to the study of urban change. Master. University of Pretoria. [Online] [Accessed 15th November 2020] https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/56093/Nel_Exploring_2015.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Neufert, E. (2019) Architects' data. Fifth edition / edn. Translated by D. Sturge and N. J. Luhman. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell.

Northern Gateway Manchester. (2019) Strategic Regeneration Framework. [Online] [Accessed April 9th, 2021] http:// northerngatewaymanchester.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/NG-SRF.pdf

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