statistical symbols and their meanings pdf

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bMeaningRoy’smultivariatetestcriterionNote:textbooksandformulasheetsinterchange“r”and“x”fornumberofsuccessesChapterDiscreteProbability DistributionsMeanofadiscreteprobabilitydistributionStatisticsSymbolstoMemorizeChapterSymbolHowtopronounceitWhatisit?≥.Mathematicsisthe languageofsciencelibraryarchivesofsources,suchasnewspa-pers,periodicals,StatisticalSignsandSymbolsSetTheorySymbolsMeaningA0transposed matrixforAsgn(x)algebraicsignofx{a1,a2,,an}setoftheelementsa1,a2,,an{xB(x)}CodesandmeaningofEUandEAaggregatesInstandardtablesand graphs,onlythenewestaggregates(currentlyEUandEA)shouldbeusedWhatdoesitmean?bi=n∏aiIngeneral,Greeklettersareusedformeasuresofthe population(called“parameters”)andLatinlettersareusedformeasuresofoneormoresamples(called“statistics”)Probabilityandstatisticssymbolstableand definitionsProbabilityandstatisticsbothemployawiderangeofGreek/Latin-basedsymbolsasplaceholdersforvaryingobjectsandquantitiesIncrementof changeMeasureofstrengthofrelationship(etasquared)kGenericeffectsizeinmetaanalysis.X,Y,Z,T.Randomvariables.SymbolName.xbarSamplemean Sameasabove,butforasample∑sigma(capitalGreekletter)StatisticalSignsandSymbolsGeneralSigns/SymbolsMeaningNsetofnaturalnumbers{0,1,2,} (formerlyN0)ZsetofintegersQsetofrationalnumbersRsetofrealnumbersCsetofcomplexnumbersabaisgreaterthanorequaltoba⇡bais approximatelyequaltobnÂi=1ai+nn’i=1aindydx=y0(x)1stSymbolU(a,b)exp(À)gamma(c,SymbolNameSampleStandardDeviationStandard ScoreDistributionofXNormalDistributionUniformDistributionExponentialDistributionGammaDistributionChi-SquareDistributionSymbolMeaning populationsamplesstandarddeviationestimatorzx=(x-x)sxdistributionofrandomvariablegaussiandistributionChapterStatisticalSignsandSymbols NoncentralityparameterinhypothesistestingandnoncentraldistributionsMeasureofstrengthofrelationshipinanalysisofvarianceSeeguidelinesforfromthe mainbodyofdatathattheiraccuracyisquestioned.UsedFor.Example.AddallofStatisticalSymbols.Studentsneedtomasterthesesymbolsbecausethese symbolsarethestandardnomenclatureinstatisticalreasoningIngeneral,GreeklettersareusedPopulationvalueofCohen’seffectsizeTheprobabilityof obtainingavalueoftheteststatisticequaltoormoreextremethanthatobserved,givenStatisticsSymbolstoMemorizeChapterSymbolHowtopronounceit Whatisit?Statisticsisthelanguageofresearchaip-valueTheabstractdatabasethatprovidessystematiccoverageofpsychologicalliteraturefromthestothe present≈DemystifyingStatisticalSymbols:AGuidetoUnderstandingDataAnalysisNotationsAddallofyourvaluestogetheranddividebythecountnThe followingtabledocumentsthemostcommonofthese alongwitheachsymbol’susageandmeaningNZQRCaSigns/Symbolsaveragemu PopulationmeanThisisthearithmeticmeanakaGeneralaE(X+X2)=SymbolsrelatedtotheunderlyingsampleofinterestnSizeofthesamplemorxSample mean(x-bar)sorSDSamplestandarddeviations2SamplevariancerSamplecorrelationcoefficientpSampleproportionOthersymbolsandabbreviationsx RandomvariabledfDegreesoffreedomttstatisticχ2Chi-squaredstatisticZZstatisticThepurposeofthisdocumentisclearlyidentifythemanymathematical symbolsusedintypicalstatisticsproblemsSetTheory1StatisticalSignsandSymbols∑Whatdoesitmean?averagemuPopulationmeanThisisthe arithmeticmeanaka