Master Portfolio_YUE ZHAN

WEAVE

remodelling|retrofitting|regeneration Studio E Yue Zhan 200201823 MAAD 2020-2021 Sheffield School of Architecture

Content

01

Research -city -territorial -neighborhood -street -site -population -material

02

Case Study -Temple works

WEAVE 1900s and 2020s are both the best period for Leeds. I propose to weave the history, the memory, the treasure and construct a bridge linking to the previous and the moment.

-Marshall's mill

03

Proposal -concept -masterplan -processing -material -external and internal collagel

04

Representaiton -axonometric drawing -site plan -'weaving' and connection -section -plan -detailed section -elevation studies -unit studies

Leeds Introduction

The city became a major national and international supplier of cloth,coal and iron.

The town has a mill,a mine and a forge

Leeds was granted a borough charter

The textile industry has gradually played a important role in Leeds industry.

There is a big shift in Leeds industry.

The glory of industry faded. There are many industrial heritages left in Leeds.

Leeds has become woolen production and trading center.

It is a time of industrial diversification in Leeds.

Serive and business sectors grew by32000.

South Bank Introduction

The South Bank is one of the largest and most important regeneration and growth initiatives where the significant textile heritage Temple Works lies on. It refers to an area south of the River Aire where a number of investments and proposed activities are being targeted to achieve large scale regeneration. It is one of Europe’s largest regeneration areas.

HOLBECK SOUTH BANK SUPPLEMENTARY PLANNING

Center City

Temple works

Pros and Cons

Road system

Water system

Urban nodes

South Bank road railway water River Aire iconic node residential area landscape

Marginalization

Separation

Less 'Green'

Challenge

Some of the amorphous spaces left over after development are clearly visible on the 2000 map: the sense of enclosure and pedestrian-friendly spaces are challenged by traffic planning and changes of land use. There is less Green Space in the city center. data from: SOUTH BANK LEEDS Regeneration Framework, Leeds City Council data from: SOUTH BANK LEEDS Regeneration Framework, Leeds City Council

Need

Needs data from: SOUTH BANK LEEDS Regeneration Framework, Leeds City Council

center city, 1900

data from: SOUTH BANK LEEDS Regeneration Framework, Leeds City Council

center city, 2000

According to the surveys and interviews, people in Holbeck are looking for more leisure space, pedestrian space and landscape in the city center especially in the residential area.

Needs Needs Needs

data from: SOUTH BANK LEEDS Regeneration Framework, Leeds City Council data from: SOUTH BANK LEEDS Regeneration Framework, City Council data from: SOUTH BANK LEEDS Regeneration Framework, Leeds CityLeeds Council

Challenge

“I want a more vibrant hub of places. More bars and restaurants and to know it’s like a community.”

“Lots of trees, sweet chestnuts, possibly fruit trees, varieties that look great in autumn- i.e. Japanese maples/ katsuras that smell wonderful. Trees that engage people and encourage them to enjoy nature, not just peripheral anonymous greenery.”

“Lots of cool, quirky, unique shops/bars/public spaces to really continue putting Leeds on the map as one of the UK’s coolest and most forwardthinking cities.”

“Use of heritage buildings contrasted with the new modern buildings; a good viewing platform across the city.”

“A riverside walkway, cafes and bars etc. to encourage recreational use of the riverbank. I’d love to see new markets and inventive retail spaces similar to those in London e.g. borough market, Camden Town.”

Print Works

Site N

river Aire

Leeds Railway

④

Tower Works

②ONE GLOBE SQUARE

⑤

③GLOBE POINT

② ①

③ BECK COURT

Viaduct

print works Marshall Mill

Beck Court – retain front of 2-storey print works building and construct residential building 7-storeys and an office building 6-storeys.

①BECK COURT

Beck Court • • • • • •

from: https://templeleeds.com ②ONEImage GLOBE SQUARE

Location: Status: Sectors : Developer: Area： Design：

Temple Works

Water Lane Outline Planning Office / Leisure / Residential/ Retail CEG 103,900 sqm fcbstudios

N ④

Knight and Illson Print Works (regeneration is Beck Court) will retain front of 2-storey print works building and construct 7-storeys residential building and a 6-storeys office building.

ONE GLOBE SQUARE project GLOBE name POINT

③GLOBE POINT

⑤

② ①

③ BECK COURT

Knight and Illson Print Works (Beck Court) Beck Court

Beck Court – retain front of 2-storey print works building and construct residential building 7-storeys and an office building 6-storeys.

①BECK COURT

• • • • • •

ONE GLOBE SQUARE Image from: https://templeleeds.com

Site

GLOBE POINT

Location: Status: Sectors : Developer: Area： Design：

Water Lane Outline Planning Office / Leisure / Residential/ Retail CEG 103,900 sqm fcbstudios

History

According to the Leodis website, this building was built in 1898 for Knight and Forster, printers, later Knight and Illson then Waide printers.

• 1890

• 1900 Knight and Illson was established in

• 1920

1898 serves as printer works.

• 1948

A few years ago it was still used by a printing firm (PPL Ltd) but appears now to be disused. It is not listed but a Leeds council planning document rates it as having "archaeological significance".

• 2020 Knight and Illson Print Works has been disused now.

• 1960 Packaging company and another printing business through the 1990s.

• 1950

Neighborhood

print works

print works

print works

print works

List Heritages

tower works

Bridge over Holbeck Marshall Court Midland Mills

97 Water Lane Foundry Street Marshall's Mill

Holbeck Viaduct Temple Mill

10-min Circle Traffic

Temple Regeneration

Globe Point

Temple is a regeneration project in South Bank developed by CEG. Based on what exists, this project uses the urban grain to weave a new fabric for this part of Leeds city center, opening up connections and drawing people in. This place will be vibrant and exciting with a clear sense of its own identity and character.

①

• • • •

prominent entrance office building 37,842 sq ft 7 floors

② ONE GLOBE SQUARE ① GLOBE POINT

②

One Globe

Square

• • • •

③ BECK COURT

heart of the Temple district office, retail, leisure 134,612 sq ft 7 floors

③ • • •

Residential, 7 floors Office, 6 floors Print works 2 floor

(Print Works)

Beck Court

……

District Plan

Retail/Leisure

Trainline

Offices

Road

Residential

Footpath

Temple Works

Existing Pedestrain Bridge

Public Realm

Planned Pedestrain Bridge

Cycle Route

Ownership

Public Space

Residential

Retail/Leisure

Office

Pedestrain Bridge

Footpath

Street Analysis

Street Analysis

Population Analysis

Site Analysis

Temple Works

Marshells Mill

Foundry Round

water lane

bath road

height

flow

opening space

entrance

inner road

extension road

Print Works

o

th r

ba w

at

Globe Square

er

ad

la

ne

Viaduct

Material and Form

typical material-red brick

rhythm northwest of print works

west of print works

facade

ceiling space symmetrical form

Case Study

Temple works Temple Works, a Grade I Listed Building modelled on the Egyptian Temple of Horus at Edfu.

Built between 1836-40 it makes a striking contribution to the street scene, dramatically distinguishing itself from the functional form of other buildings in Holbeck.

Where they exist, decorative buildings in Holbeck are extravagant expressions of revival architecture, demonstrating the wealth and global influence of industry.

Temple Works, also known as Temple Mill, comprises an office building and factory. The office building has a stone facade consisting of 18 full height windows each separated by 18 pillars with an overhanging cornice in the Egyptian style, based on the temple at Antaeopolis and Temple of Horus at Edfu.

Cast-iron columns held up the ceiling and doubled as drain pipes. The ceiling itself had sixty-seven large conical skylights which were to allow the maximum amount of light to work by. When the building was first created it was said to be the "largest single room in the world".

An unusual feature of the Temple Works building is that sheep used to graze on the grass-covered roof. This served the purpose of retaining humidity in the flax mill to prevent the linen thread from becoming dried out and unmanageable.

Case Study

Marshall's Mill Marshall's Mill is a former flax spinning mill on Marshall Street in Holbeck. Built in three phases between 1817 and 1830, it was the most prosperous flax mill in Leeds. The building conveys in large-scale some of the prevailing characteristics shared by industrial buildings in Holbeck. Six storeys of regularly punched vertical windows create a strong pattern and create a low solidto-void ratio. Now, the exterior is remained and the interior is retrofited to office.

landscape view

The 'U' form of the complex creates a court at the center where is the place to design the landscape.

And arrow lines show the good view sight of the site.

The forms of windows on Marshall Mill are diverse. There are many types such as rectangle, circle, and semicircle. The material and manufacture also are the example for this project to apply on the facade design.

Concept

Concept

WEAVE 1900s and 2020s are both the best period for Leeds.

I propose to weave the history, the memory, the treasure and construct a bridge linking to the previous and the moment.

'Weave' public space × building Base on the challenge of 'Green Space', more public space and landscape are inserted into the urban.

River Aire water system and Leeds railway system are two significant systems for the textile industry. The project is located on the joint of two systems, which weaves the Temple District.

water × factory ×

railway

residential

The planned functions of future buildings mostly are residential. The existing building structure is projected to remain. It not only saves costs but also reserves heritage value.

Textile industry Textile is the typical industry in Leeds.

The concept 'Weave' is the respect to the city history and heritage memory.

There are various architectural styles in Temple District, which represents the Victorian period buildings diversity.

I propose to apply these styles in modern buildings.

Egpytain × Italian

Masterplan

activities

site node

Volumn Deduction

roof garden new part connection old part

prototype

retain front of 2 storey print works building and remove the other parts

proposal

According to research analysis and project concept, the project is seperated into three main volumns, the front one is the previous print works which is asked to be remained, other two volumns are office and residential respectively. 'Green Space' such as leisure space, landscape, garden are inserted into not only the site but also the building.

construct residential building 7 storeys and an office building 6 storeys

axis

transparent space

create the inner alley and coutyard space

function

insert the transparent space for connection create the skyline

radiation

green space

positive and negetive space

Processing Model

Initial Proposal

viaduct pedestrain path

graze sheep on the roof

'green' flows down

Inspired by the roof of Temple Works where sheep are grazed on it, the site can also be a ground 'graze' the pedestrain. The area next to the Print Works is a place providing a place for the public to take leisure, and it is also a joint between riverbank and the emple Works. This is the first proposal of the playground.

'graze' the pedestrian

Axonometric Drawing

This is the final version of the 'the weave'. The highlight is the weaving 'cloth' falling down to the tree structure.

Site Plan 1:500

'Grazing' Playground

canopy

weaving 'cloth' falling down to the tree structure

waveing pattern

support structure

'Weave' Pattern and Canopy

woven pattern on the ground

Connection

prototype

structure

connection between the existing and new building

Multiple Scenes

cafe

workshop

exhibition

lecture

Print Work Remodeling

front 2 storey of the Print Works

view on ground floor

remodeling of the Print Works

exhibition space on upper floor

ground floor plan 1:200

upper floor plan 1:200

Section

RESIDENTIAL

LOFT

LOFT

LOFT

LOFT

FOOD HALL

PRINT WORKS CORRIDOR

GYM LOFT

LEISURE

CORRIDOR EXISTING BUILDING

RECEPTION

CAFE EXHIBITION

PARKING

Section

RESIDENTIAL

OFFICE LOFT

OFFICE

LOFT

OFFICE LOFT OFFICE LOFT

OFFICE EXHIBITION

COLLABORATIVE WORK SPACE LOFT

RECEPTION

OFFICE

BRIDGE

FOOD HALL

GYM RECEPTION & CAFE

LEISURE PARKING

PARKING

PARKING

MEETING ROOM & VIP ROOM

COLLABORATIVE WORKPLACE

EXHIBITION

OFFICE

the Print Works

CAFE & RECEPTION

GYM

FOOD HALL

LOFT

Function A

Perspective Section

Perspective Section

Ground Plan 1:300

GROUND PLAN 1:300

Detailed Section [ARC6854]

Environment and Technology Analysis [ARC6854]

Environment and Technology Analysis [ARC6854]

8:00

sketch

shadow 12:00

16:00

sight interaction

pattern

cafe

workshop

exhibition

lecture

Elevation and Material Study

External Perspective

Internal Collage

cafe space on ground floor where can also see the corridor and the playground

space between the office and residential covered with weaving pattern under the bridge

C A A C

A C

A C

A C

C A

C A A C

A C

C A

C A A C

LOFT

residential

A C

LOFT

A C

bottom floor

upper floor

Tree Structure

office

office office

of StructureStructure of Temple works Temple works

Bibliography

Leeds. city council., (2016), HOLBECK SOUTH BANK SUPPLEMENTARY PLANNING DOCUMENT, Leeds Local Development Framework Development Plan Document, June 2016 Leeds. city council., (2005), HOLBECK CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL, the Development Department, Leeds City Council, August 2005 Tim Hart., (2018), Report of the Chief Planning Officer, Leeds City Council, March 2018 Leeds city council., ARUP., Gehl Architects., (2018), SOUTH BANK LEEDS Regeneration Framework Supplementary Planning Document, Leeds City Council, July 2018 Lewis, R. and Dobson, M., (2011), Building for Tomorrow Today Sustainable Design and Construction, Supplementary Planning Document, August 2011 Carter, A., (2006), HOLBECK URBAN VILLAGE REVISED PLANNING FRAMEWORK, supplementary planning guidance, February 2006

https://southleedslife.com/canal-side-housing-proposal-for-globe-road-site/ https://www.ceg.co.uk/news/350-million-project-set-to-start-on-site-as-templedistrict-launches https://www.leeds-live.co.uk/news/leeds-news/iconic-leeds-building-basedegyptian-18215982 https://maps.nls.uk/ https://historicengland.org.uk/content/docs/education/historic-character-mapleeds-pdf/?fbclid=IwAR2OIfZZKXN2eHWw0iIIX7jyRLx8Y6KePsin_0MDsEaVa_ kWJXOmtOip8IQ

Minkin, E., (2000), Leeds---City Centre Urban Design Strategy,Leeds City Council, September 2000

https://www.barratthomes.co.uk/24-hour-cities/

Wakefield, K., (2011), South Bank Planning Statement, Leeds City Council, October 2011

http://www.groupginger.com/project/marshalls-mill/

Haley, H., (2001), Charpter 5: REGENERATION IN LEEDS: CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES, University of Calgary

https://www.postcodearea.co.uk/postaltowns/leeds/ls119eh/demographics/#

Lewis, R., (2003), Neighborhoods for Living Forward, Leeds City Council, December 2003 https://templeleeds.com/ https://fcbstudios.com/work/view/Temple-Leeds https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/super-tall-tower-features-in-fcbs-350m-leeds-planningapplication https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4809563 http://www.leodis.org/display.aspx?resourceIdentifier=5543&DISPLAY=FULL https://www.iankirkpatrick.ca/2d

https://observatory.leeds.gov.uk/population/report/view/888031ee412141cf82006f0da e0dce66/E02002411/ https://observatory.leeds.gov.uk/population/population-projections/ https://observatory.leeds.gov.uk/population/ https://www.e-architect.com/leeds/tower-works-in-leeds https://earth.google.com/web/search/Temple++works/@53.790103,1.552774,32.98880469a,593.52472079d,35y,0h,45t,0r/data=CngaThJICiUweDQ4Nzk 1ZTlmYjg1ZGM0MTE6MHg1ZTJhMGEzODg1MGMzYzEwGVm8WBgi5UpAIQJ EwYwp2Pi_Kg1UZW1wbGUgIHdvcmtzGAIgASImCiQJR7J_3VrmSkAR0jEVJjrkSk AZVhnqGcRk-L8hR70Pngda-b8oAg

Reflective Essay [ARC6889]

ARC6889 Reflections on Architectural Design

REFLECTIVE ESSAY Yue Zhan 200201823 School of Architecture University of Sheffield

INTRODUCTION

Our studio theme is about remodeling, retrofitting, and regeneration in Leeds. The topic talks about the city regeneration, the urban development, the building design, and creating a suitable and friendly environment for people who live in Leeds. We try to find some urban, social, and building problems according to research and then solve them with architectural strategies, in that case, wakening the bloom of the historical city and bring more new blood to the city which is in process of urban renewal. The methodology of the studio is that everyone selects a site in Leeds which is undergoing regeneration or is going to be regenerated. And we use series of approaches such as case studies, modeling, material study, sketch to do some research and provide a reasonable and creative design solution from social, special, structural, technological, material aspects. In semester one, the studio focuses more on prophase research such as case study and site analysis and gives a brief conceptual idea about an individual project. In semester two, we talk more about some specific designs considering technology, structure, materials, elevation, etc. My project is called Print Works which is one of the Temple Works regeneration projects. It is in South Bank which is one of the largest and most important regeneration and growth initiatives where the significant textile heritage Temple Works lies.

South Bank

Center City Holbeck South Bank Supplementary Planning

Leeds center city, 1900

Leeds center city, 2000

Temple works

fig 1. Leeds city center and Temple Works in Holbeck South Bank

COLLECTION/MAPPING COLLECTION/MAPPING

Regeneration in Leeds is not only about the city but also the people who live in the city. Therefore, the research part is divided into two parts. First is heritages and existing buildings in South Bank. The other is collecting what people expect the city to be and their needs when they live and work in South Bank.

In the 17th-18th century, Leeds has become a woolen production and trading center in the United Kingdom. And in the 19th century, the city became a major national and international supplier of cloth, coal, and iron. At the same, many buildings especially industrial buildings were constructed to counter industry blooming.

There are not only native-style buildings, but also some exotic-style buildings, such as Italian tower and Egyptian temple.

Some listed heritages around the Print Works are also part of the Temple Works Regeneration project. The intention of making a heritage buildings map is to extract elements from listed heritages to inherit some hieratical elements and probably apply them in the Print Works project.

After searching for some basic information, such as time and grade with the site on the Leeds city council's official website and digital documents, I went to Leeds for field trip research. Field research can offer a better opportunity to know the latest situation of these existing buildings and the real scale of the architectural elements. Here, I took some pictures and sketched the iconic part extracted from the heritages and mark them on a satellite map.

During the field trip, I accidentally found there is a plan which is about a 10-minute walk route in South Bank, which inspired me to make a map(fig 3) to show the importance of my site and it is also a reminder alerting that the connection with the surrounding point needs to be carefully considered during the design.

tower works

Bridge over Holbeck Marshall Court Midland Mills

97 Water Lane Foundry Street Marshall's Mill

Holbeck Viaduct Temple Mill

fig 2. map of the listed heritage around the Print Works in South Bank

fig 3. 10-minute route to the important node from the Print Works

COLLECTION/MAPPING

COLLECTION/MAPPING

I interpret the documentary interviews to collage drawing, which can vividly show what people thoughts about city regeneration. The mapping of what is the public space gives a few imaginations of what activities can happen in the public and how can we use the public space.

I also sort out some interviews and surveys from South Bank Leeds Regeneration Framework supplementary planning document launched by Leeds city council to find what people living and working in South Bank need. According to the surveys and interviews, people in Holbeck are looking for more leisure space, pedestrian space and landscape in the city center especially in the residential area. fig 8. what is the public space?

Needs

Needs

These mappings clearly show the relationship between people and buildings and buildings themselves and can give me instruction and logical thinking about the situation of the site. They are strong evidence and the foundation of further analysis and design.

fig 9. imagination of 'green space'

data from: SOUTH BANK LEEDS Regeneration data from: SOUTH BANK LEEDS Regeneration Framework, LeedsFramework, City CouncilLeeds City Council

fig 4. what people want to see happen in city center and South Bank

fig 5. important challenges for South Bank

The consistency of the population would also be researched and considered. I collected the data about the population group and make series of diagrams such as occupation, age breakdown, household types as the reference for the design of the new buildings. Young people aged between 20-39 are the main group and one-person household and one family household with two-person takes 80% in Holbeck.

“I want a more vibrant hub of places. More bars and restaurants and to know it’s like a community.”

“Lots of trees, sweet chestnuts, possibly fruit trees, varieties that look great in autumn- i.e. Japanese maples/ katsuras that smell wonderful. Trees that engage people and encourage them to enjoy nature, not just peripheral anonymous greenery.”

fig 6. age group breakdown estimates in Holbeck, Leeds, and England (2019)

fig 7. household type in South Bank fig 10. interviews collage drawing

“Lots of cool, quirky, unique shops/bars/public spaces to really continue putting Leeds on the map as one of the UK’s coolest and most forwardthinking cities.”

“Use of heritage buildings contrasted with the new modern buildings; a good viewing platform across the city.”

“A riverside walkway, cafes and bars etc. to encourage recreational use of the riverbank. I’d love to see new markets and inventive retail spaces similar to those in London e.g. borough market, Camden Town.”

ANALYSING/PRODUCING

ANALYSING/PRODUCING

As for a project based on the existing buildings, the prototype and model approach can be typical and useful for my design. The advantage is that we can easily learn from the features from the existing buildings and inherit some of them. However, it may limit some creative ideas about regeneration.

According to research analysis and project concept, the project is separated into three main volumes, the front one is the previous print works which are asked to remain, other two volumes are office and residential respectively.

'Green Space' such as leisure space, landscape, garden are inserted into not only the site but also the building.

Restricted to pandemic situations, there is no access to the historical library. Most of the materials were from the digital library. Based on these digital materials, I made a digital model of the existing building and did the analysis on the site.

Temple Works

Marshells Mill

Foundry Round

Print Works

ad

th ro

ba

w

at

er

la

ne Viaduct

Globe Square

retain front of 2 storey print works building and remove the other parts

construct residential building 7 storeys and an office building 6 storeys

create the inner alley and coutyard space

height

flow

opening space

entrance

inner road

extension road

insert the transparent space for connection create the skyline

fig 12. analysis of site fig 11. processing of volumn deduction

Following the future planning skyline and the height of surrounding buildings, it allows 30-60m-height new buildings to be built on the site of Print Works. Because the front of the Print Works is asked to remain and Water Lane is the main road in South Bank, the area near to Globe Square is most suitable for main entrance and more design such as some landscape or sculptural construction can be considered for opening space.

In terms of the ideas of ‘green space’, the site is expected to be more open. Inner road or pedestrian path is proposed to set in the site, which is naturally formed by the gap between the three volumes.At the same time, the extension of the inner path can connect the surrounding existing buildings such as Temple Works on the southeast and Tower Works on the north.

ANALYSING/PRODUCING

ANALYSING/PRODUCING

axis

radiation

transparent space

green space

function

positive and negetive space

fig 13. analysis of implement of 'green space' on Print Works fig 14. physical model of proposal and connection

Considering the implement of ‘green space’ on buildings themselves, the discipline of axis on the site is also seen as the ‘transparent space’ for not only the people who live or work here but also the public who can participate in the area and bring more energy to recall the vitality.

‘Green space’ can also be inserted into the building such as the free space on the ground floor, leisure space in the office and residential, or the roof garden on the top. More real green space offered by plants can provide good views and environment and more public space can provide people and pedestrian to get relax in their free time.

The physical model is an efficient method to test the proposal. To analyze how the ‘connection’ works, I made a physical model of existing buildings and the proposed project and think about how the ‘bridge’ can link the new and the old.

The significant buildings and points are modeled by 1:500. To make it clearer, text annotations were added in the follow-up processing.

On the north through the Globe Square is Leeds and Liverpool Canal where people would like to jog beside the riverbank in the afternoon.

On the south is some famous heritage such as Temple Works and Marshall Mill. In that case, the bridge (maybe a pedestrian bridge) is a good link between leisure space and heritage building.

ANALYSING/PRODUCING

ANALYSING/PRODUCING

fig 15. interior structure of Temple Works

Cast-iron columns held up the ceiling and doubled as drainpipes. The ceiling itself had sixty-seven large conical skylights which were to allow the maximum amount of light to work by. When the building was first created it was said to be the "largest single room in the world".

office

Heatherwick Studio prefers making physical models of their concept when they come up with proposal.

A typical feature of the building can present the identity of the building.

Regeneration of the Print Works is based on the project of Temple Works Regeneration and textile culture in Leeds. Therefore, I made both a digital model and a physical model of the featured structure of Temple Works to analyze and interpret it into my proposal as a tree structure applied in office and leisure space.

fig 18. sketch and prototyple of different Marshell Mill window forms

Structure of

fig 16. Maggie’s Leeds, Heatherwick Studio, Temple works 2012, Leeds, United Kingdom

The forms of windows on Marshall Mill are diverse. There are many types such as rectangle, circle, and semicircle. The material and manufacture also are the example for this project to apply on the facade design.

Brick materials can reflect the atmosphere of historical buildings, however, windows of different shapes can reduce the dull of facade materials, making the facade more visually rich and interesting.

fig 17. phycical model of 'tree struture'

REPRESENTING/COMMUNICATING REPRESENTING/COMMUNICATING

The visual representation can express much information to the reader. Not only basic information, such as spatial scale, functional division, and structural details, but also the atmosphere, emotion, and preference can be express in a drawing. For buildings that have not yet been built, the expression is not a luxury, but a necessity to test, communicate and sell ideas.1 Computer-aided drawing is now a commonly used form of expression, but manual models can make the plan more authentic and credible. Models are not limited to two-dimensional paper expressions. It provides various possibilities for observation. In other words, the size of the project can be viewed from different angles. Not only that, because the construction of works is affected by the same laws of physics, models can be used as an important tool for understanding structure and conceptualization.

1 Baratto, Romullo, Trends in Architectural Representation: Understanding The Techniques, ArchDaily, May 2017 fig 19. masterplan of Temple Works Regeneration District

REPRESENTING/COMMUNICATING

The pink color representing the pedestrian zone on the master plan of Temple Works Regeneration District is continued on axonometric drawing. And, the striking color can catch the reader's eyes on the main idea of the project.

Axonometric drawing(fig 20) can provide an overall view of the relationship between building and environment.

Silhouette people in the drawing can show the vitality and activity of some part of the site.

Section drawing(fig 21) can clearly show the interior space such as the structure, the function, the floor, the furniture, and the activities. Section drawing can clearly show the interior space such as the structure, the function, the floor, the furniture, and the activities. The shape consists of a section line outline the discipline of the building. As showing that the existing building is freely shaped by the section line while the new building has more order.

fig 20. axonometric drawing

fig 21. section drawing

REPRESENTING/COMMUNICATING

REPRESENTING/COMMUNICATING

Collages of office and residential units (fig 22) clearly show the atmospheric environment and the structure in interior space. Elements of the green and brick material represent the concept of ‘green space’ and regeneration of existing buildings. Tree structure learning f r o m Te m p l e Wo r k s f e a t u r e d structure is applied in the office which is the symbol of the textile industry in Leeds.

Physical models (fig 23) show the form of the façade with different shapes such as circle, arch, and rectangular, which is inspired by the Marshall Mil window prototype.The model person can be a reference to interior scale and how people act in this area.

residential

fig 22. internal perspective collage

fig 23. physical model

CONCLUTION BIBLIOGRAPHY Reflections on architectural design go through the whole design processing from the research phase to the final representation result. And I have learned many approaches during the course and can corresponding apply them to studio design work.

What impresses me most is the difference in design and thinking process between this academic year and my previous architectural study. Previously, I would put my eye more on the representation and result of ideas. However, I realized that architectural design is not only about design, but also collecting data, making mapping, analyzing, processing the proposal, and expressing the project with various methods.

The physical model is an efficient method to elaborate the project and push the design process. I use this method in the processing and communication phrases.

Our studio tutor told us at the beginning of design work that if the physical model can be made and the real building could be constructed, which reminds me of the importance of making a physical model. Model not only helps the designer to think about the work but also makes the public understand the project directly and easily.

Baratto, Romullo., (2017), Trends in Architectural Representation: Understanding The Techniques, ArchDaily, May 2017 Leeds. city council., (2016), HOLBECK SOUTH BANK SUPPLEMENTARY PLANNING DOCUMENT, Leeds Local Development Framework Development Plan Document, June 2016 https://observatory.leeds.gov.uk/population/population-projections/ http://www.leodis.org/display.aspx?resourceIdentifier=5543&DISPLAY=FULL https://earth.google.com/web/search/Temple++works/