dmx `_ k\_qm gh g_ aZ``_ggmx b jZkiheh`bf __ ih ^jm]mx klhjhgm kl_deZ I_j_f_sZy \lhjmx k\_qm gZc^_f lZdh_ iheh`_gb_ ijb dhlhjhf \lhjZy k\_qZ [m^_l dZaZlvky aZ``_gghc l _ g_ aZ``_ggZy k\_qZ [m^_l gZoh^blvky gZ lhf f_kl_ ]^_ gZ[ex^Z_lky bah[jZ`_gb_ aZ``_gghc k\_qb ?keb l_i_jv baf_jblv jZkklhygb_ hl k\_qb ^h kl_deZ b hl __ bah[jZ`_gby ^h kl_deZ lh fh`gh m[_^blvky qlh wlb jZkklhygby [m^ml jZ\gu 4. Fgbfh_ bah[jZ`_gb_ ij_^f_lZ \ iehkdhf a_jdZe_ gZoh^blky gZ lZdhf `_ jZkklhygbb hl a_jdZeZ gZ dZdhf gZoh^blky kZf ij_^f_l JZaf_ju bah[jZ`_gby ij_^f_lZ \ iehkdhf a_jdZe_ lZdb_ `_ dZd jZaf_ju kZfh]h ij_^f_lZ
§ 65.
1. Emq k\_lZ kf_sZ_lky \e_\h jbkmghd mq_[gbdZ 2. Ba hiulZ bah[jZ`_ggh]h gZ jbkmgd_ mq_[gbdZ fh`gh kdZaZlv qlh _keb emq k\_lZ b^_l ba kj_^u hilbq_kdb f_g__ iehlghc \ [he__ iehlgmx kj_^m lh m]he ij_ehfe_gby \k_]^Z f_gvr_ m]eZ iZ^_gby Ba hiulZ bah[jZ`_ggh]h gZ jbkmgd_ mq_[gbdZ \u\h^blky ke_^mxs__ khhlghr_gb_
sin . = n l _ hlghr_gb_ kbgmkZ m]eZ iZ^_gby Îą d kbgmkm m]eZ ij_ehfe_sin
gby γ _klv \_ebqbgZ ihklhyggZy ^ey ^\mo kj_^ gZau\Z_fZy hlghkbl_evguf ihdZaZl_e_f ij_ehfe_gby ^\mo kj_^ b h[hagZqZ_fZy [md\hc Šn. 3. IZ^Zxsbc b hljZ`_gguc emqb e_`Zl \ h^ghc iehkdhklb k i_ji_g^bdmeyjhf ijh\_^_gguf d ]jZgbp_ jZa^_eZ ^\mo kj_^ \ lhqd_ iZ^_gby emqZ Hlghr_gb_ kbgmkZ m]eZ iZ^_gby ι d kbgmkm m]eZ ij_ehfe_gby γ _klv \_ebqbgZ ihklhyggZy ^ey ^\mo kj_^
sin . =n. sin
§ 66.
1. Nhdmkgh_ jZkklhygb_ dhjhq_ m l_o ebga m dhlhjuo [he__ \uimdeu_ ih\_joghklb 2. M dhlhjhc dhjhq_ nhdmkgh_ jZkklhygb_ 3. Hilbq_kdhc kbehc ebgau gZau\Zxl \_ebqbgm h[jZlgmx __ nhdmkghfm jZkklhygbx 4. >bhiljby H[hagZqZ_lky dZd Š^iljª 5. AZ ^bhiljbx ijbgbfZ_lky hilbq_kdZy kbeZ ebgau m dhlhjhc nhdmkgh_ jZkklhygb_ jZ\gh f 6. I_j\Zy ba wlbo ebga y\ey_lky kh[bjZxs_c \lhjZy ² jZkk_b\Zxs_c
§ 67.
1. Ihemq_gb_ bah[jZ`_gby ij_^f_lZ 2. < aZ\bkbfhklb hl lh]h gZ dZdhf jZkklhygbb gZoh^blky ij_^f_l hl ebgau 3. Qlh[u ihkljhblv bah[jZ`_gb_ ij_^f_lZ gZoh^ys_]hky f_`^m nhdmkhf b ebgahc jbkmghd mq_[gbdZ gZ^h ihkljhblv oh^ ^\mo gZb[he__ ijhkluo emq_c bkoh^ysbo ba lhqdb : I_j\uc emq [_j_lky iZjZee_evgh hilbq_kdhc
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