HYBRIDITY & CONNECTIVITY
interchange by introducing a bridge made of laminated-wood members that would incorporate housing, pedestrian circulation, and landscaping. When designing large structures, many architects are attempting to emulate the fine grain of traditional cities. According to Kenneth Frampton, the Metabolism of the 1960s evolved into a “fragmentary urbanism at a higher symbolic level,” exemplified by Maki’s Makuhari Exhibition Hall (540 by 120 meters) built at Chiba in 1989 and the smaller Tokyo Municipal Gymnasium of 1990, both of which feature dematerialized shell structures and offer “a new kind of urban enclave.”21 Large structures are also emulating the programmatic textures of old cities such as the Triangle des Gares in Euralille, France, designed by Jean Nouvel (1994) to create a link between two train stations with a shopping mall, small office towers, hotel, school, theater, and housing. The Salt Lake City Library, designed by Moshe Safdie (2003),
Figure 10
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