WATER SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT
CITY FILTER
DESIGN THESIS
Student: YuChieh Tseng Number: 1025989
Tutor:
Benjamin Lau
CONTENT
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Content SUBJECT
City Filter - Water Cycle System RESEARCH 1. Water issue in Melbourne CBD 2. Site context 3. Wastewater Purification Processes 4. Insert Processes Into Architecture Process CONCEPT DESIGN Group Work Masterplan - Fun Loop FINAL DESIGN Individual Design - City Filter
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SUBJECT Subject:
City Filter - Water Cycle System
Melbourne CBD is a core of the city which nearby Yarra River and has context diversity. The diverse population in this precinct triggers various scenarios that are happening simultaneously. However, vast numbers of people also derive resource overusing and waste, especially water resources. Water shortage and population growth are ongoing in Melbourne city rapidly. There is not enough space for developing water reuse facilities. My argument is how to solve the water shortage issue through innovating new architectural approaches. And the methodology of inserting water recycling system in the architectural structure will be proposed.
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Chapter 01
WATER ISSUE IN MELBOURNE
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WATER IS A NECESSARY ELEMENT THE REPORT FROM MELBOURNE WATER THE POPULATION IN MELBOURNE
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Water is a necessary element for all creatures to keep life. Every kind of human activity utilizes this resource; more accurately, water connects all industries thoroughly. Usually, people believe that after consuming, water could come back through several ways such as rainfall, ocean, and rivers. However, the hydroponic cycle cannot keep supplying enough water for human life, especially in urban environments. The reason for the situation is population growth. In other words, urbanization triggers water waste and shortage. The report from Melbourne Water presents that the water storage levels recently is just around 50%. It is the lowest storage condition since 2011. The reason is not only because of climate change globally but also too much residence in Melbourne city. The challenge of our water supply is real and ongoing.
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("Density, sprawl, growth: how Australian cities have changed in the last 30 years", 2020)
The population in Melbourne has grown substantially in the past few years. According to the statistics from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Victorian State Government, Melbourne is the city that has the most rapidly growing speed in Australia. There are 1.4 million new residents since 2001, and it was anticipated that the population would achieve 10 million after the next 50 years.
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("Population density map of Melbourne, Victoria : melbourne", 2020)
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Hence, the issue of water waste treatment in Melbourne's urban environment is crucial in this generation. On the one hand, population growth is hard to be limited since it relates to a country's economic policy. On the other hand, the responsibility of water resource management belongs not only the government but also every citizen lives in Melbourne.
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("2C of global warming would put pressure on Melbourne's water supply", 2020)
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Chapter 02
SITE CONTEXT
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P R
B B H
THE SITE OF THIS PROJECT PROTECTING NATURAL RESOURCES BRINGING THE SITE BACK INTO THE NATURAL HYDROLOGIC CYCLE SYSTEM 19
SITE
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The site of this project is a city block in front of Flinders Street Railway Station, furthermore, between Swanston Street and Elizabeth Street. It locates the core area of Melbourne CBD and faces vast numbers of commuters every day. Another aspect of this position is that it is between the Yarra River and the Melbourne city. In other words, the character of the site is a bridge to connect humanity and nature. Hence, the goal of this project focuses on protecting water resources and bring the site into the natural hydrologic cycle.
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Protecting natural resources is a crucial part of waste management. Although there are sewerage systems such as Yarra Valley Water, the urban development of Melbourne still keeps influencing the Yarra River. Hence, dealing with the site effluent released to Yarra River should be part of the design. The solution might be bringing an entire wastewater treatment process into an urban block scale. Thus, breaking down the process and insert it into architectures or open space on the site are two main proportions of the project.
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The other value of this project would be bringing the site back into the natural hydrologic cycle system. On the one hand, after effluent treatment, the water could be reused in the city and released to the Yarra River without pollution. On the other hand, the site needs water resources supplied from the hydrologic cycle, for example, rainfall and river. Hence, a completed water management system should control in and out simultaneously.
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This concept would derive two querries: 1. What is the normal water purification process? 2. How can this process be integrated into architecture?
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METHOD Chapter 03
WASTEWATER PURIFICATION PROCESSES
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TWO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF WATER WASTE TREATMENT URBAN MASTERPLAN THE FACILITY SECTION
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In this generation, urban design is beyond giving citizens wellbeing. Being friendly to nature is another urban planning principle currently since climate change is more serious. Water management might be the core value of one successful urban project. In this hypothesis, the process of water purification is discussed with the urban scale and facility scale. There are two different levels of water waste treatment to support different purposes. Both are necessary for a water management loop.
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("Natural and urban water cycle | Melbourne Water", 2020)
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Firstly, an urban masterplan most include a map of water resources. When each household utilizes water, the water reusing cycle is working at the same time. The wastewater usually travels to a small reclamation plant first. The released water can be separated into greywater and tertiary effluent. After that, the latter moves to the next step, an advanced water purification facility. Effluent will be purified through several processes, such as disinfection. The clean water is collected into a reservoir and mixed with natural water resources to complete natural treatment. Furthermore, as an outcome of the pool, raw source water will be transported to a potable water treatment plant and be provided to every household again.
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On the other hand, in the facility section, the removal of solids is the first step. The rest liquid will pass oxidation ditches to finish the aeration process, and the oxygen is a crucial element in this phase. After aeration, clarification is a part to divide water and sludge. In this section, 98% sludge will be separated and transport back to the aeration phase. Filtration and disinfection are stages to filter sand and destroyed harmful bacteria.
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The site can be deemed as an extensive scale water treatment system which is reflected in water recycle in an urban masterplan. Each step can be placed in the block and connected through tubes inserted in public areas, such as alleys and square. With this method, the considerable water reuse system would not influence buildings on the site.
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The system of a facility cloud integrated into the architectural structure. I break down all steps of the method and connect them to different structural elements. For example, aeration phase is suitable to be combined with rooftop space since this step needs oxygen to support processing. Inserting each step into the structure can let a building be not only a fabric but also a machine, a system.
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CONTEXT
W F A
Chapter 04
INSERT PROCESSES INTO ARCHITECTURE PROCESS PRECEDENT
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A P
S
WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES AND ARCHITECTURE
A SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY PROJECT IN DUBAI SENDAI MEDIATHEQUE
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The relationship between water treatment facilities and architecture has great potential to be explored further. Since humans had an awareness of climate change, there are many precedents to emerge many possible solutions for water reuse in sustainable architecture and community.
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Precedent 01. Dubai The Sustainable Conmmunity
The Sustainable City is a sustainable community project in Dubai. The water recycles in the project is quite successful and valuable for referring. The household water is separated into grey water and black water. Greywater becomes a stream in the middle land of the community; moreover, it creates biodiversity. The collected water in the project has various functions, such as irrigation and adjusting microclimate.
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("Dubai Sustainable City Has Pledged To Eliminate Single-Use Plastic", 2020)
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Precedent 02. Japan - Sendai Sendai Mediatheque
If the system can insert into architecture, the form of its structure is considerable. Sendai Mediatheque has a unique structure to support the whole building, Especially its column. Steel columns are hollow, and all circulation is in these vertical space. The horizontal space is free. I believe the water reuse system can utilize the same concept to integrate into the structure. Moreover, it will not interfere with the function of space.
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("AD Classics: Sendai Mediatheque / Toyo Ito & Associates", 2020)
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CONCEPT DESIGN Concept design - Masterplan
FUN LOOP
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FUN LOOP STUDIO 13 - SUPERCITY
GROUP 01 Members : David Guo
659741
Peixian Gong 871520 Jay Tseng
1025989
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The site of this project is a city block in front of Flinders Street Railway Station, furthermore, between Swanston Street and Elizabeth Street. It locates the core area of Melbourne CBD and faces vast numbers of commuters every day. Another aspect of this position is that it is between the Yarra River and the Melbourne city. In other words, the character of the site is a bridge to connect humanity and nature. Hence, the goal of this project focuses on protecting water resources and bring the site into the natural hydrologic cycle.
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ROLE OF SITE IN CBD
City Transition
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WATER
PUBLIC
BUILDING USAGE
GREEN
ROAD NETWORK
BUILDING HEIGHT
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TRANSPORTATION
LoopS - Linear Open Space - Visable Social Loop
Respect Heritage Facade
Using Loop Open Space to Connect Buildings
Context Reflection Loop & Heritage
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LOOP STRATEGY Connection between the site and the context
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Cultural Activities
Tram Station
Tourists
Commuter
Tram
Supermarket
Swanstone St
Flinders St
Elizabeth St
Commuter
Laneways
Tram Station
Small Shops
Railway Station
Heritage Facade Flinders Ln
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Site
Leisure activities People interaction Appreciating the heritage building
Swanston Street Passers-by
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Interaction with bottom programs
Site
Transport transition Passers-by Office workers Interaction
Elizabeth Street
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Site Interaction with bottom programs
Flinders Street Passers-by
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Unnecessary lingering & staying
Site
Interaction with bottom shop
Come out from Library
Flinders Lane
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Lounge + Dining Area
High Line + Auditorium
Corridor + Boundary
Stage + Lounge
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Smaller Open Space
Open Space Hierarchy Bigger Open Space
Office X Residential
Residential X Entertainment
Building Function Sequence Office
Residential
Entertainment
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Form Development
Office
Residential
Program X
Sociel Loop
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Towers & Function
Core
Mechanical Floor
Tower Form & Mechanical Floor
Sky Loop
FUNCTION LOOP
ANEROBIC DIGESTION
EU
TR
OP
HI
FO
CS
OI
L
OD
ENERGY
FARMING
R
E AT NW
The technologies that each of us is concerned with can achieve a degree of feedstock - output recycling, which will achieve environmental value and economic value for residents.We can use gravity to reduce energy consumption to a low level in a reasonable space layout, which will also reduce vehicle which transport the resource
EA
CL RECYCING WATER
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ANA Building, 26-28 Elizabeth Street Level: 9 storeys (40m) Original use: head office of Australian Natives’ Association (ANA) Current use: education (RGIT’s Main campus)
Heritage & Existing Structure
Royston House: 247-251 Flinders Lane, MELBOURNE Level: 6 storeys (25m) Original use: Warehouse 31-41 SWANSTON STREET MELBOURNE Level: 9 storeys (90m) Original use: speculative office
1-7 young and jackson Level: 3 storeys (15m) Original use: hotel Current use: historically significant hotel
Heritage Facade
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Centreway Arcade
Tunnel Station
Context & Entry Points
Train/ Tram Station
Centre Pl Laneway
Significant Place/ Landmark
St Paul’s Cathedral
Federation Square Pedestrian Walkway
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Vertical Transition Exterior Lift Escalator Transition Hub Skywalk
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Vision Study Tower Position
Tower Vision
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Fun Loop Going through different levels and stitching different programs, providing visitors various experiences and more opportunities
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Shadow Studies Spring Equinox & Summer Solstice
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Office
Social Housing
Rotating Farm Mass Production Facade Farm Medium-scale Restaurant/Interactive Farm
Gym/ Dancing School
Public Access
Skywalk Farm
Indoor plant factoryv Observatory /Cafe
Residential
Hotel
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Roof Pub/Bar Shopping Mall
Showcase Farm Agricultural Science Centre
Roof Farm
Market Children Playground
Professional Training/ Workshop
Roof Garden/Farm
Roof Visitor Centre Hotel
Suatainability Museum Community Centre
Facade Farming
Waste treatment Pocket Garden
Exhibition/Museum
Library Gallery Water Entertainment
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East Perspective Elevation
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5m
20m
50m
South Perspective Elevation 5m
20m
50m
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A-A Section 1:1000
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FINAL DESIGN Final design - Individual design
CITY FILTER
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CITY FILTER
STEPWELL X WATER TREATMENT WATER SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT
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Water shortage and population growth are ongoing rapidly in Melbourne. There is not enough space volume for developing water reuse facilities in the city area. Moreover, climate change influences the raining situation in Victoria state. Hence, water reusing and collecting might not be plenty for a sustainable city project. My argument is how to solve the water shortage issue by proposing a new architecture approach. Aside from reusing and collecting, I believe that using natural water resource straight and educating citizens the information about water catchment background are two principles which should be considered in a future sustainable architecture project. To achieve the ambition, the groundwater resource is included in the project.
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ISSUE
1991
2001
2011
Serious Deficiency
Lowest on Record
Population Density Changing
Rainfall Percentile Ranking
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The inspiration comes from stepwell in India. Groundwater resource is a part of residents daily life. The water table can let people understand the water storage situation easily and rapidly. Furthermore, they can be aware that when should save water resource and when the supply is plenty. The other idea is about Melbourne water catchment system. Melbourne has an excellent quality of water since its natural environment. The ground seems like a giant filter which lets water be cleaned and stored as groundwater. In the project, I will try to let the architecture be a part of the natural water treatment process. Moreover, let people understand the water culture through this building.
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CONCEPT
India - Stepwell
Rainwater
Rainwater & Waste Water
Groundwater Table
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Water Recharge
Groundwater Storage
Bedrock
Natural Water Catchment
City Water Catchment
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In the masterplan, the concept is “Loop�. There are different towers which have various functions and purposes. The loop is a keyspace to link each building and creates a linear spacial experience. The loop concept has three sections in the masterplan phase; there is a social loop at the bottom, a high loop on the top, and an invisible function loop. Melbourne has an excellent quality of water since its natural environment. The soil filters rainwater and reservoir it as groundwater. The report shows that the groundwater table of the site is approximately five meters to ten meters underground. Hence, utilizing groundwater in this sustainability project is possible. On the one hand, using groundwater is efficient since there is less process to treat water resource. Except for drinking water, groundwater is an excellent resource for farming and normal water activities. On the other hand, because groundwater has seasonal fluctuation, people can be aware of the time they should save water resource and keep sustainable development.
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BACKGROUND
Garbage Treatment Centre Vertical Farming Centre
Water Treatment Centre New Necholas Building
Groundwater Table 5M-10M
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AMBITION
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2. Staircase
4. Collector & Filter
The open staircase and terrace create a unique courtyard environment. It seems like a small water community which has its microclimate and social system.
The collector contains the wastewater from other buildings on the site and releases it to several filters. The water will pass through filters and be clarified. Finally, the clean water will return to the well.
1. Stepwell
The body follows the original structure grid. Moreover, it creates an open terrace and courtyard environment. The function includes the art gallery on the top, rental office and studio in the middle, and multiple functions public space at the bottom. People circulation
3. LOOP
Water circulation
Aside from the main structure, the loop brings new opportunities to this project. The building will be a node to let people who arrive in this area have a further understanding of Melbourne water culture.
5. Heritage Facade
The project building utilizes Nicholas Building which locates the north-east corner of the site block. It is a heritage should be retained and protected. Furthermore, it is an interface between indoor (Stepwell) and outdoor (City).
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The New Nicholas Building has different modes depends on different seasons and water storage situation. During the rain season, the wastewater will be collected from each building on the site through the high loop and concentrated in the hotel building beside New Nicholas Building. The water from the wastewater tank will pass through the cantilever tube to the collector above New Nicholas Building. The filter on the facade will collect water on the rooftop and clarify wastewater, moreover, return the water to the well and release to the ground. The waterwheel is rolling during the rain season and covers some energy consumption. During the dry season, the wastewater still is recycled. However, it will be transferred to each building for daily demand. The waterwheel is stopped and inform people that the water resource shortage and human should save water in the period.
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Remove solid Collecting wastewater through high Loop
Aeration
Waste water tank
Water Filter (Return water to nature)
Groundwater Well
Ground water utilization
Waterwheel is rolling (signal of plenty water resource)
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WATERWHEEL SQUARE
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Flinders Ln
Waterwheel Square Waterwheel
LIFT
DOWN
DOWN
Well Coffee
Swanston St
DOWN
UP
Lobby
Core
LIFT
Restaurant LIFT
LIFT
Office
WC
Front Square
Ground Floor Plan
0
2.5
5
10m
N
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LOOP & WATER MUSEUM
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Garbage Treatment Centre Vertical Farming Centre
Water Cycle Laneways LIFT
Water Treatment Centre New Necholas Building
UP
Melbourne Water Museum
Social Loop
Office
Residential
UP
UP
UP UP
UP
Program X LIFT
LIFT
Melbourne Water Museum LIFT
WC
Core Mechanical Floor
High Loop
Second Floor Plan
0
2.5
5
10m
N
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RENTAL OFFICE
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WC
LIFT
Rental Studio
UP
UP
UP
Lounge
UP
UP
UP
UP
LIFT
UP
Rental Studio
LIFT
LIFT
WC Core
Fourth Floor Plan
0
2.5
5
10m
N
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STEPWELL
100
UP
DOWN
LIFT
UP
DOWN
DOWN
Art Gallery UP DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
UP
LIFT
UP
LIFT
UP
UP
UP
Art Gallery
LIFT
WC
Sixth Floor Plan
0
2.5
5
10m
N
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ROOFTOP WATERFALL
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Waterfall
Releasing waste water from other buildings.
Collector
Collecting waste water from waterfall.
Water Tank
Contain waste water from site.
Platform
For people interacting with water collector
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Collecting Wastewater
Removal of Solids
Aeration
Beside Hotel Building
Rooftop
Clarification
Filtration
Facade Filter
Disinfection
Reservoir
South Section 0
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2.5
5
10m
Well
The
site is an extensive scale water treatment system. Each step can be placed in the block and connected through several branches inserted in public areas, such as alleys and square. With this method, the considerable water reuse system would not influence buildings on the site. Moreover, the loop of masterplan could be integrated with this water network. As a start point, the new Nicholas Building can provide clean water resource and adjust city microclimate.
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NORTH SECTION STEPWELL X WATER TREATMENT
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SOUTH ELEVATION FUNCTION HIERARCHY
Personal X Quiet
In-between
Public X Lively
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Reference
Melbourne City Research
Water Recycle
Population density map of Melbourne, Victoria : melbourne. (2020). Retrieved 19 March 2020, from https://www.reddit. com/r/melbourne/comments/5f8wje/population_density_ map_of_melbourne_victoria/
Wastewater Recycling - Beachapedia. (2020). Retrieved 19 March 2020, from http://www.beachapedia.org/ Wastewater_Recycling
Density, sprawl, growth: how Australian cities have changed in the last 30 years. (2020). Retrieved 19 March 2020, from http://theconversation.com/density-sprawl-growth-howaustralian-cities-have-changed-in-the-last-30-years-65870 2C of global warming would put pressure on Melbourne's water supply. (2020). Retrieved 19 March 2020, from https:// phys.org/news/2019-08-2c-global-pressure-melbourne.html Wasted Water Australia wasting huge amounts of water. (2020). Retrieved 19 March 2020, from https://www.edie.net/news/0/ Australia-wasting-huge-amounts-of-water/5793/ Save our water | Melbourne Water. (2020). Retrieved 19 March 2020, from https://www.melbournewater.com.au/ water/securing-our-water-supply Challenges to Melbourne's water supply | Melbourne Water. (2020). Retrieved 19 March 2020, from https://www. melbournewater.com.au/water/securing-our-water-supply/ our-water-supply-challenges
(2020). Retrieved 19 March 2020, from https://www. architectmagazine.com/technology/designing-buildingsto-clean-and-reuse-wastewater_o Natural and urban water cycle | Melbourne Water. (2020). Retrieved 19 March 2020, from https://www. melbournewater.com.au/community-and-education/ education/natural-and-urban-water-cycle Wasted Water Dubai Sustainable City Has Pledged To Eliminate Single-Use Plastic. (2020). Retrieved 19 March 2020, from https://www. harpersbazaararabia.com/people/culture/dubai-sustainable-cityeliminating-single-use-plastic Home - The Sustainable City. (2020). Retrieved 19 March 2020, from https://www.thesustainablecity.ae/ AD Classics: Sendai Mediatheque / Toyo Ito & Associates. (2020). Retrieved 19 March 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/118627/ ad-classics-sendai-mediatheque-toyo-ito Frearson, A. (2020). Rio 2016 Olympic Golf Course includes raincollecting canopy. Retrieved 21 March 2020, from https://www. dezeen.com/2016/06/16/rua-arquitetos-golf-course-rio-2016olympic-games-brazil/
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