A Primer for Young Worker Safety and Health Training Training Module 3 Information Provided under OSHA Susan Harwood Capacity Building Grant: #SH-20848SHO
1
Acknowledgement of Sources
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/talkingsafety/ Introduction to OSHA http://www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/construction_generalindustry/teachingaids.html Work Safe, Work Smart: Health and Safety Awareness for Working Teens curriculum. University of Washington: Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences. Washington State Dept. of Labor and Industries. OSHA’s 11 – An OSHA 10 Hour General Industry Curriculum: University of Washington: Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences. Washington State Dept. of Labor and Industries. 2
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Course Agenda Lesson 1: Young Worker Injuries and Illnesses Lesson 2: Identification of workplace hazards (including chemical, biological, safety, and other health hazards) Lesson 3: Ways to reduce young worker injuries and illnesses
Personal Protective Equipment
Lesson 4: Young worker rights and responsibilitiesAn overview of Young Worker Labor Laws
3
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Tying it All Together
4
The Puzzle piece represents an activity that participants can do individually or as a group
The Movie reel represents ways to integrate media into training
The Microphone represents ways to encourage participation
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Young Worker Injuries and Illnesses Information Provided under OSHA Susan Harwood Capacity Building Grant: #SH-20848SHO
5
Occupational Injuries and Deaths Among Young Workers^
Younger workers (defined as those aged 15-24 years):
Represent 14% of the U.S. labor force Overrepresented in dangerous jobs: construction, transportation, agriculture, and mining. 2009: there were 343 fatalities among this group
Workers under 25 years old were twice as likely to end up in the emergency room when compared to those aged 25 and older
^Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. April 23, 2010, Vol. 59, No. 15.
6
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Rates of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses Treated in Emergency Departments by Age Group, United States, 2006*
*Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Charts on Young Worker Employment, Injuries and Illness 7
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Teen Specific Work Injury Statistics
Many youth are injured on the job in the US:
8
158,000 <18 year-olds injured/year 52,600 <18 year-olds to the ER for work injuries 38 <18 year-olds die each year
Young workers are injured at a higher rate than adult workers.
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Where Teens are Injured 5%
2% 2%
Leisure and hospitality (includes restaurants) Retail
14% 46%
Services and Other Manufacturing, Construction, Transporation Information, Finance and insurance
31%
9
Agriculture and Forestry
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Where Teens Work
10
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Sharing Work Related Experiences
How many of you have ever had a job?
Where did you work?
What did you do?
Have you ever been hurt at work, or do you know someone who was?
Have you ever been uncomfortable with a task you’ve been asked to do at work? 11
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Lost Youth (by WorkSafeBC)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMT5OFw5OCQ 12
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Injury Report: Babysitting
15 year-old babysitter Watching 3 month-old and 5 yearold at home Heating water for bottle on stove Dish towel catches fire In panic, babysitter is unable to locate fire extinguisher Evacuates house with children and calls 911 House is engulfed and all treated for smoke inhalation 13
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Injury Report: Concert
18 year-old employee Working at a summer music amphitheater Responsible for working on the security team Stampede ensued when the gate is cracked open Employee suffers broken bones and nightmares after being trampled 14
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Injury Report: Housekeeping
15 year-old team member Picking up trash and emptying trash bin in the restroom Improperly disposed of diabetic needle sticks team member in the hand Several months later team member tests positive for HIV
15
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Injury Report: Masonry Apprentice
20 year-old brick laying apprentice Carrying a bucket of mortar on shoulder While setting the bucket down mortar splashed up into the apprentice’s face and eyes The mortar burned the apprentice’s eyes and had started to setup The patients’ eye had to be scraped Resulting in hospital stays, operations, and potential permanent loss of vision in one or both eyes 16
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Injury Report: Lifeguard
17
17 year-old lifeguard at neighborhood pool Required to sit in life guard stand for 2 hour stretches Temperature outside is 95 degrees and sunny During the last rain storm the umbrella was blown away One lifeguard called in sick and pool is filled to capacity Life guard passes out and is rushed to the hospital Diagnosed with heat stroke Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Injury Report: Childcare
16 year-old assistant at childcare center Mixing bleach and water to disinfect toys and tabletops Accidentally mixed bleach with what she thought it was water Chlorine gas was released requiring the classroom to be evacuated Assistant and 2 children treated for respiratory irritation 18
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Injury Report: Restaurant
19
17 year-old dishwasher at restaurant Responsible for operating dishwasher conveyor-belt system Sleeve was caught in conveyor belt during loading and arm was pulled into machine Employee suffered severe burns to his arm after contacting the dish washer water Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Injury Report: Convenience Store
18 year-old clerk at quick-service mart Closing up store at night; emptying register One other employee was taking out trash in back of store Gunman entered and demanded money and lottery tickets Clerk was not physically harmed, but unable to return to work 20
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Injury Report: Laboratory Safety
19 year-old student is employed as laboratory assistant for college chemistry class Preparing chemical materials a class on the laboratory workbench Student assumed the chemical in container was the material he needed and combined it with another chemical A violent chemical reaction occurred and sprayed up onto face and neck of student The safety drench shower did not work when he pulled the lever Student suffered permanent tissue damage to face and eyes 21
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Injury and Illness Reporting
OSHA 300 log and 301 (Injuries and Illness Incident Report) Questions you might be asked
22
What time did you start work? What time did the event occur? What were you doing just before the event occurred? In your own words, tell us what happened? What was the injury or illness? What object or substance directly harmed you?
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
NO
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Identification of Job Hazards Information Provided under OSHA Susan Harwood Capacity Building Grant: #SH-20848SHO
24
What is a Job Hazard?
A job hazard is anything at work that can hurt you, either physically or mentally. 25
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
The Effects of Job Hazards Temporary Effects
26
Permanent Effects
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
The Effects of Job Hazards Immediate Effects
27
Delayed Effects
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Hazard Categories
Hazard
28
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Hazard Categories
Safety hazards: can cause immediate accidents and injuries. (Examples: knives, hot grease, etc.) Chemical hazards: are gases, vapors, liquids, or dusts that can harm your body. (Examples: cleaning products or pesticides.) Discuss how chemicals can get into the body. Biological hazards: are living things that can cause sickness or disease. (Examples: bacteria, viruses, or insects.)
29
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Hazard Categories
Other health hazards: are harmful things, not in other categories, that can injure you or make you sick. They are sometimes less obvious because they may not cause health problems right away. (Examples: noise, radiation, repetitive movements, heat, cold) “Pressure Cooker or Unspoken” hazards: unsafe equipment or procedures emergency situations: fires, explosions, severe injury, violence stressful conditions inadequate training inadequate supervision 30 deadlines, Center production requirements, for Young Worker Safety and Health atetc. Georgia Tech Research Institute
Getting a Safe Start to Identifying Hazards Ask your supervisor for help Get Training on the chemicals or equipment you will use Check the label of the products you will use Read the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the chemicals or products being used Look online for safety and health information-
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. â&#x20AC;˘
1. 31
See the resource list provided in the handout packet
Call a resource agency like OSHA for more help Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Material Safety Data Sheets Questions to ask yourself: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
How is this chemical used? What are the possible routes of entry? What are the potential immediate effects of exposure to this chemical? What are the potential delayed effects of exposure to this chemical? What are the potential temporary or permanent effects of exposure to this chemical? What concerns do you have, if any about this product? 32
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Material Safety Date Sheets Ammonia 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
What is the percentage of ammonia in this product? What is the other ingredient in this product? Is ammonia a corrosive? What is a corrosive? What happens if you get ammonia in your eye? What should you do if you accidentally swallow ammonia? What would happen to your body if you accidentally ingested ammonia? What kind of protection should you wear on your body to protect yourself? 33
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Hazard Mapping
34
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
About Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention How
Loud is too loud?
Exposure
to noise at 85dbA for 8 hours a day will cause permanent hearing loss The amount of time of exposure to sounds determines the potential for hearing loss.
35
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Exposure To Noise Demonstration of Noise Induced Hearing Loss
NIOSH Sound Level Meter
http://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/demonstration.htm
36
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Meet GERTI
37
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
38
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Summary
Hazards can cause:
Recognizing Hazards:
Temporary or permanent injury or illness. Effects that may show up right away or not until later in life. May change daily, May be things that you cannot touch, see, smell, or hear, And may be situations that occur.
It is important for workers to always be aware of how to assess a workplace for potential hazards.
39
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Hazards in the Workplace: Advanced Workshop Session
1. Understanding Emergency Preparedness 40
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Promoting Understanding: Emergency Preparedness Story A: Grease Fire in Restaurant Burns Employee A fire destroyed part of Hooperâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Restaurant late Thursday night, and critically injured two employees. The fire was caused when a frying pan, filled with oil heating up on the stove, was left unattended while the fry cook went to get something out of the walkin freezer. The fire rapidly spread to dishcloths hanging on a towel rack over the stove. Another employee discovered the fire and attempted to put out the fire by pouring water on the stove. This caused the burning grease to splatter his face, arms, and chest. Another co-worker, hearing cries for help, called 911 and then ran out into the dining room and yelled for everyone to leave the restaurant immediately. Emergency services arrived and went to work extinguishing the blaze and treating the burned employee. Image source: http://tell.fll.purdue.edu/JapanProj/FLClipart/Medical/burn.gif
41
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Promoting Understanding : Emergency Preparedness Story B: Robber Threatens Young Employee With Gun: A 16 year-old employee of a local convenience store was held up at gunpoint late Tuesday night by a robber wearing a hoodie and dark sunglasses. The employee was working alone at the front counter and was in the process of closing the store for the evening. The robber reportedly demanded the employee empty the cash register into a duffel bag, then get down on the floor behind the counter and remain on the floor for 15 minutes. The robber then exited the store. Although the young employee was not physically injured, she was very shaken up by the incident. 42
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Promoting Understanding: Emergency Preparedness Story C: Young Construction Worker Falls From Ladder: An 18 year-old house painter, who was painting the second story of a house, fell off his ladder yesterday, breaking both legs. He also suffered severe cuts when he caught his arm on a metal fence during the fall. Coworkers rushed to assist him and called for an ambulance. While waiting for the ambulance, the co-workers carried the employee to the front lawn and then applied pressure to his open wound to stop the bleeding. 43
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Finding Solutions Controlling & Preventing Hazards on the Job
Information Provided under OSHA Susan Harwood Capacity Building Grant: #SH-20848SHO
44
Preventing Injuries & Illnesses
In most cases, the best preventions require a change in the workplace â&#x20AC;&#x201C; not a change in worker behavior.
45
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Prevention Strategies
Remove the Hazard or Build a Barrier
Improve Work Policies & Procedures
Use Protective Clothing & Equipment
46
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Prevention Strategies Remove the Hazard or Build a Barrier
Improve Work Policies & Procedures
Use Protective Clothing & Equipment
47
Employer Responsibility Remove the hazard Change equipment to eliminate the hazard Create a physical barrier between the hazard and a worker
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Prevention Strategies Remove the Hazard or Build a Barrier
Improve Work Policies & Procedures
Use Protective Clothing & Equipment
48
Employer Responsibility Establish rules and procedures Enforce rules and procedures Train workers Provide information on hazards and safety rules
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Prevention Strategies Remove the Hazard or Build a Barrier
Improve Work Policies & Procedures
Use Protective Clothing & Equipment
49
Employer Responsibility Provide protective clothing and equipment Train on its use Employee Responsibility Wear and use the clothing and equipment correctly and consistently
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Hazard: Heavy Boxes Move heavy boxes with forklift Replace heavy boxes with smaller, lighter boxes Limit the amount of weight a worker is allowed to carry Train workers to carry heavy objects correctly Non-slip gloves
50
Remove the Hazard or Build a Barrier
Improve Work Policies & Procedures
Use Protective Clothing & Equipment
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Barriers to Solutions Benefits
51
Costs
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Personal Protective Equipment Your Last Line of Defense Information Provided under OSHA Susan Harwood Capacity Building Grant: #SH-20848SHO
52
An Overview Of Personal Protective Equipment The
Purpose of PPE Types of PPE PPE Zones PPE Hazard Assessments PPE Shopping 53
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Why wear PPE? Barrier
Prevent over exposure
To
54
against workplace hazards
prevent take home contamination
Prevent exposure to others outside of the work environment
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Routes of Exposure
Inhalation
Injection
55
Ingestion
Absorption
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Types of PPE
HARD HAT
HEARING PROTECTION 56
SAFETY GLASSES
SAFETY SHOES
GLOVES
FACE SHIELD
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
PPE Zones Head Torso Full Body
Hands Legs Feet 57
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
PPE Hazard Assessment by Zone PPE Zone
Potential Hazards
Personal Protective Equipment Required
Head Torso Hands Legs Feet Body 58
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s go Shopping for PPE
Using Your Completed PPE Hazard Assessments select the appropriate PPE from the Table
59
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Summary
The three main ways to control workplace hazards are:
Remove the hazards/build barrier Improve workplace policies or procedures Use protective clothing or equipment
Although employers are responsible for providing a hazard-free work environment, we all have a responsibility to speak up and take action when we see a hazard or unsafe act.
60
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Finding Your Voice Understanding Your Rights and Responsibilities
Information Provided under OSHA Susan Harwood Capacity Building Grant: #SH-20848SHO
61
Your Right to aâ&#x20AC;Ś
The creation of OSHA provided workers the right to a safe and healthful workplace.
Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act states: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Each employer shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees." www.osha.gov or call: 1-800-321-OSHA 62
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
What Rights Do All Employees Have Under OSHA?
You have the right to:
A safe and healthful workplace Know about hazardous chemicals Information about injuries and illnesses in your workplace Complain or request hazard correction from employer Training Hazard exposure and medical records File a complaint with OSHA Participate in an OSHA inspection Be free from retaliation for exercising safety and health rights
63
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Why are there Child Labor Laws? 1800’s: Children worked in mines, factories, etc. 12-14 hour days, 6 days/week $1/week wage Did not go to school Often lost limbs or killed by machinery
What laws could have prevented this?
64
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Youth Rules!
Child Labor Laws are designed to protect teens under 18 from:
Working long or late hours From doing certain dangerous tasks on the job
Federal regulations updated on July 19, 2010 Where to go for more information:
65
Youth Rules! Website : http://youthrules.dol.gov/ Wage and Hour Division of Department of Labor : http://www.dol.gov/whd/
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Know Your Rights
Federal and state labor laws:
OSHA says every employer must provide:
Set minimum age for some tasks Protect teens from working too long, too late or too early A safe workplace Safety training on certain hazards Safety equipment
By law, your employer is not allowed to fire or punish you for reporting a safety problem.
66
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Rules based on age AGE
JOB TYPES
WORKING HOURS
18+
Any job, hazardous or not
No limits
16 and 17
Any non-hazardous job
No limits on times or hours
14 and 15
Outside school hours in nonmanufacturing, non-mining, and non-hazardous jobs
7AM – 7PM Labor Day to June 1 (can’t miss school for work) Max. hours during school: 3 hours/day, 18 hours/week 7AM – 9PM June 1 to Labor Day Max. working hours non-school: 8 hours/day, 40 hours/week
Under 14
Can work in business owned by parents, perform babysitting or minor chores around private home, deliver newspapers, perform in radio, television, etc.
Minimum working age is 14
67
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Handling Workplace Safety Problems Steps in Problem Solving: Define the problem Get advice Choose your goals Know your rights Decide the best way to talk to the supervisor If necessary, contact an outside agency for help.
68
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Role-Play Scenarios
69
Housekeeping Masonry Apprentice Concert Lifeguard Childcare Restaurant Convenience Store Laboratory Babysitting
Choose Your Topic!
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Workplace Attitudes
Even if an employer does everything they can to prevent work injuries and illnesses, people still become injured while working. Why do you think that is? Why might a person work around hazards without setting up prevention measures? People sometimes take risks with things they know are hazards. Can you name some things you or other people do, even though they may be risky? Source: Work Safe, Work Smart curriculum. Lesson 3.
70
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Workplace Attitudes ď ˝ ď ˝
Can you name some things you or other people would not do, because they are too risky? How do you decide how much of a risk you are willing to take? How do you know where to draw the line?
Source: Work Safe, Work Smart curriculum. Lesson 3.
71
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Benefits vs. Costs
Each of us has to weigh the costs and benefits of being safe or taking a risk. We have to decide what balance between these two things is acceptable to us.
Example:
Always require two people to be in store during close-up and cash-out
Source: Work Safe, Work Smart curriculum. Lesson 3.
72
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Benefits vs. Costs
Benefits Extra eyes and ears to keep lookout for strange activity Feel more secure
73
Costs More $ cost to the employer Two jobs can’t be done at once (takes more time to close-up)
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Taking Action
What can you do if you spot a hazard or feel unsafe? Why would you speak up or not? Who to contact if there are problems that still exist? When should I take action or seek outside help? Where to go for more information?
74
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Building Resources International Resources
75
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety: Young Worker Zone http://www.ccohs.ca/youngworkers/ Work Safe British Columbia: Young Workers at Risk http://www2.worksafebc.com/Topics/YoungWorker/Home.asp International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour http://www.ilo.org/ipec/areas/Safeworkforyouth/lang--en/index.htm Youth@Work (Safe, fair, productive young working lives) presented by the Government of South Australia http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/youth/ WorkSafe: Saskatchewan (Canada) http://www.worksafesask.ca/Youth Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Building Resources National Resources
76
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) www.osha.gov and http://www.youth2work.gov/ National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/youth/ Youngworkers.org http://www.youngworkers.org/home.htm *The California Resource Network for Young Workers’ Health and Safety and home of The National Young Worker Safety Resource Center United States Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division (WHD) Youth Rules! http://www.youthrules.dol.gov/teens/default.htm National Children’s Center for Rural Agricultural Health and Safety http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/nccrahs/ Gulf Coast Safety Institute www.com.edu/gcsi Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
Building Resources Georgia Local Resources
Georgia Department of Education http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/ http://www.gadoe.org/ Georgia Department of Education: Career, Technology and Agricultural Education http://www.gadoe.org/ci_cta.aspx SkillsUSA www.skillsusageorgia.org and www.skillsusa.org Georgia Technology Student Association www.gatsa.org Georgia Engineering and Technology Education Association www.getea.org Georgia Health Occupations Students of America www.georgiahosa.org Construction Education Foundation of Georgia www.cefga.org Trade and Industrial Educators of Georgia http://tiega.org/ MAGIC "Mentoring a Girl in Construction" , Inc. Summer Camp Program www.mentoringagirlinconstruction.com Project Safe Georgia www.projectsafegeorgia.org American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE)- Georgia Chapter http://georgia.asse.org/ Georgia Local Section- American Industrial Hygiene Association (GLS-AIHA) http://www.georgiaaiha.org/ 77
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute
For More Information
Email: youngworker@gtri.gatech.edu Website: www.youngworker.gatech.edu Twitter: @youngworker Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/#!/Young.Worker.at.GTRI Phone: 404-407-8089 Address: Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at GTRI 260 14th Street Atlanta, GA 30332
78
Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute