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ko{ 6 gdf g] k f n u~h–kf v ] /f hf 8 ] g \ ] s;/t a9\of] wfg / ds}sf] pTkfbg / f;folgs dnsf] kof{Kttf / lapdf ePsf] ;'wf/ n] bfªdf o; jif{ v] tL ePsf] wfgsf] If] qkmn 36] klg pTkfbg eg] a9] sf] 5 . ds} sf] pTkfbgsf] eg] If] qkmn / pTkfbg b'a} a9] sf] 5 .

wfg pTkfbgsf] ;j] {If0f ul/ b} . tl: j/ M s[lif 1fg s] Gb|, bfª q ;Gtf] if vgfn 3f] / fxL, ! k'; . bfªdf o; jif{ wfg / ds} sf] pTkfbg ut jif{ eGbf a9L ePsf] 5 . o; jif{ Ps nfv %* xhf/ tLg ;o @* d] l6«s 6g wfg pTkfbg ePsf] 5 . lhNnfdf #( xhf/ rf/ ;o x] S6/ dWo] o; jif{ #% xhf/ Ps ;o *$ x] S6/ If] qkmndf wfg / f] lkPsf] lyof] . ut jif{ #& xhf/ Ps ;o #) x] S6/ If] qkmndf wfg nufOPsf] eP klg To; jif{ Ps nfv %@ xhf/ b'O{ ;o ## d] l6«s 6g wfg pTkfbg ePsf] lyof] . s[lif 1fg s] Gb|n] lbPsf] hfgsf/ L cg';f/ o; jif{ wfg nufOPsf] If] qkmn 36] klg pTkfbg a9] sf] 5 . s[lif 1fg s] Gb|sf s[lif cy{lj1 Pj+ ;"rgf clwsf/ L k[YjL/ fh nfld5fg] n] lapdf ;'wf/ / ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf / f;folgs dnsf] pknAwtfsf sf/ 0fn] wfg / f] kfO“sf] If] qkmn 36] klg pTkfbgdf j[l4 ePsf] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . …ut jif{ / f;folgs dnsf] cefj w] / } ;'Gg' k/ ] g eg] xfOla|8 laps} sf/ 0f pTkfbg a9] sf] xf] Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …If] qkmn 36] klg pTkfbg a9] sf] 5 .Ú pxf“sf cg';f/ ut jif{ eGbf of] jif{ pTkfbsTj klg a9] sf] 5 . ut jif{ k|ltx] S6/ $ bzdnj Ps d] l6«s 6g

;lsof] Pdfn]sf] ;+sNk ofqf 3f] / fxL, ! k'; -o';_– Pdfn] n] z'? u/ ] sf] ;d[l4sf nflu ;+sNk ofqf cfOtaf/ kf“‘ry/ sf] lrjfeGHofª k'u] / ;dfkg ePsf] 5 . d+l;/ !$ ut] a} t8Lsf] em'nf3f6af6 z'? ePsf] !* lbgsf] dWokxf8L nf] sdfu{sf] of] ofqf lrjfe~Hofª k'u] / ;lsPsf] xf] . em'nf3f6df h: t} lrjfeGHofªdf klg Pdfn] cWoIf s] kL zdf{ cf] nLn] / fli6«o emG8f em08f] Qf] ng u/ ] / ofqfsf] ;dfkg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ofqfn] b] zdf ljBdfg ;d: of ;dfwfg ug{ Pdfn] ;Ifd 5 eGg] ;Gb] z lbPsf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . o;qmddf dWokxf8L nf] sdfu{n] 5f] Psf @^ lhNnfdf ;ef tyf cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd u/ ] sf] lyof] .

/ x] sf] df o; jif{ a9] / rf/ bzdnj kf“r k'u] sf] 5 . afx|} df; l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf ePsf, vf] nf cf;kf;sf / b'O{ afnL kmNg] b] pv'/ Lsf clwsf+z v] tdf c;f/ d} / f] kfO“ ;lsPsf] lyof] eg] bfªsf l;+rfO{ gk'u] sf af“sL If] qdf ;fpg el/ df / f] kfO“ ;lsPsf] lyof] . s[lif 1fg s] Gb|sf cg';f/ o; jif{ lhNnfdf ef/ t tyf rLgaf6 cfpg] xfOla|8 lap &% k|ltzt / af“sL @% k|ltzt : yfgLo / pGgt lap / f] lkPsf] lyof] . bfªdf o; jif{ kf“r ;o d] l6«s 6g xfOla|8, cf7 ;o d] l6«s 6g pGgt / : yfgLo lap / f] lkPsf] s[lif 1fg s] Gb|sf s[lif cy{lj1 nfld5fg] n] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . pxf“n] If] qkmnsf] lx;fan] ^) k|ltzt hldgdf xfOla|8 / $) k|ltzt hldgdf pGgt / : yfgLo wfgsf] lap / f] lkPsf] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . s[lif 1fg s] Gb|sf cg';f/ bfªdf pTkfbg ePsf] wfg lapsf] ?kdf klg k|of] u x'G5 . …ut jif{ gfl;s ;L8 sDkgLn] r} t] % wfg ^ ;o @) SjLG6n lap agfPsf] lyof] Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …o; jif{ klg &) d] l6«s 6g wfgsf] pGgt lap aGb} 5 .Ú pxf“n] / fd wfg / / fhf $ sf] lap pTkfbg x'g] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . bfªdf wfgsf] pGgt lap pTkfbgsf nflu uf] vf{ ;L8 sDkgLn] klg ls;fgdfkm{t wfg v] tL u/ fp“b} cfPsf] 5 .

wfg pTkfbgsf] kf“rjif] { u|fkm kf“‘r jif{sf] cf“s8fn] ;a} eGbf w] / } wfg / f] kfO“ / pTkfbg cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷)&( df ePsf] b] vfPsf] 5 . jif] { / r} t] wfg nufOPsf] If] qkmn / pTkfbg x] bf{ Tolta] nf #( xhf/ rf/ ;o x] S6/ If] qkmndf Ps nfv &# xhf/ tLg ;o ^) d] l6«s 6g wfg pTkfbg ePsf] lyof] t/ To;} jif{ a] df} ;dL jiff{n] @& xhf/ d] l6«s 6g wfg gi6 ePsf] lyof] . cfly{s jif{ @)&&÷)&* df #& xhf/ gf} ;o *^ x] S6/ If] qkmndf Ps nfv %# xhf/ cf7 ;o &$ d] l6«s 6g wfg pTkfbg ePsf] lyof] . cfly{s jif{ @)&^÷)&& df bfªdf #% xhf/ kf“r ;o %^ x] S6/ If] qkmndf / f] kfO“ x'“bf Ps nfv $* xhf/ gf} ;o !# d] l6«s 6g wfg pTkfbg ePsf] lyof] . cl3Nnf] jif{ @)&%÷)&^ df #% xhf/ b'O{ ;o &^ x] S6/ If] qkmndf wfg / f] kfO“ x'“bf Ps nfv $( xhf/ tLg ;o $# d] l6«s 6g wfg kmn] sf] lyof] . @)&^ ;fnb] lv @)&* ;Dd wfg nufpg] If] qkmn / pTkfbg a9] sf] df To;otf eg] cf] / fnf] nfu] sf] s[lif 1fg s] Gb|df / ] s8{ 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷)*) df #& xhf/ 5 ;o #) x] S6/ If] qkmndf Ps nfv %$ xhf/ b'O{ ;o $# d] l6«s 6g wfg pTkfbg ePsf] lyof] . o; jif{ r} t] wfg / f] Kg} af“sL 5 eg] jif] { wfgsf] If] qkmn 36] klg pTkfbsTj a9] sf] 5 . ds} sf] klg pTkfbg a9\of] o; jif{ bfªdf ds} pTkfbg klg a9] sf] 5 . s[lif 1fg s] Gb|n] lbPsf] hfgsf/ L cg';f/ o; jif{ ds} v] tLsf] If] qkmn / pTkfbg b'a} a9] sf] 5 . pTkfbsTj ut jif{s} xf/ fxf/ Ldf ePsf] s[lif 1fg s] Gb|sf s[lif cy{lj1 k[YjL/ fh nfld5fg] n] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ ;dod} kfgL gkbf{ / f] kfO{+ l9nf ePsf] n] s] xL ls;fgn] wfg g/ f] kL ds} 5gf{n] ds} sf] pTkfbg a9] sf] xf] . …;dod} kfgL gkbf{ wfg g/ f] kL ls;fgn] ds} 5/ ] h;sf sf/ 0f wfg / f] kfO“sf] If] qkmn 36\of] / ds} sf] If] qkmn a9\of] Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …wfg / f] Kg] hUufdf ds} / t/ sf/ L v] tL klg ul/ Psf] 5 .Ú o; jif{ %& xhf/ gf} ;o %@ d] l6«s 6g jif] { ds} pTkfbg ePsf] 5 . !* xhf/ Ps ;o !) x] S6/ If] qkmndf o; jif{ jif] { ds} nufOPsf] lyof] hals ut jif{ !& xhf/ ;ft ;o ^# x] S6/ If] qkmndf jif] { ds} nufOPsf] lyof] . ut jif{ bfªdf %& xhf/ Ps ;o @) d] l6«s 6g jif] { ds} pTkfbg ePsf] lyof] .

?;–o'qm]g o'4df ;+nUg g]kfnLsf] p4f/ u/ M dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf sf7df8f} + , ! k' ; . /fli6« o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]un] ¿; / o'qm]gaLrsf] o'4df ;xefuL g]kfnLsf] p4f/ ug{ ;/ sf/nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . s]xL g]kfnL ¿;L / o'qm]gL ;]gfdf egf{ ePsf / o'qm]gL ;]gfsf] cfqmd0fdf k/L s]xL g]kfnLsf] d[To' ePsf] / s]xL 3fOt] ePsf] eGb} cfof]un] pQm o'4df ;xefuL g] k fnLsf] p4f/ ug{ cfu| x u/]sf] xf] .

…s] x L 3fOt] g] k fnL c:ktfndf pkrf//t /x]sf, s]xL ljkIfL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf / ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf b'a} tkm{sf] ;]gfdf g]kfnLx¿ ;+nUg /x]sf] a'lemg cfPsf] 5Ú– cfof]usf k|jQmf 6Lsf/ fd kf]v|]nåf/f cfOtaf/ hf/L lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5– …g]kfnL gful/sx¿ hxf“ / h'g;'s} cj:yfdf /x] klg pgLx¿sf] dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / p4f/ ug{‘ ;/ sf/sf] st{Jo x'g hfG5 .Ú ;fy} o'4df k/L d[To' ePsfx¿sf] zj :jb]zdf NofO{ cfkm\gf] wd{, ;+:s[lt

/ k/Dk/fcg';f/ bfx;+:sf/ ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpg, 3fOt]x¿sf] pkrf/sf nflu k|efjsf/L kxn ug{, :jb]z kms{g rfxg] g]kfnLx¿nfO{ s"6gLlts kxnåf/f :jb]z kms{g] Joj:yf ldnfpg cfof]un] ;/sf/ nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . d[tssf kl/jf/ / 3fOt]nfO{ /fxt / Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg tyf eljiodf o; k|sf/sf] u}/sfg'gL af6f]af6 j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] l:yltsf] cGTo u/L gful/ ssf] lhp wgsf] ;'/Iff ug{ cfof]un] g] kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 .

;Gt'lnt cfxf/faf/] ls;fg hfu/0f q bz/ y l3ld/ ] b] pv'/ L, ! k'; . / fhk'/ ufp“kflnsf–# v/ bl/ of lgjf;L ;Ltf/ fd ofbjn] e} +;L kfNb} cfpg'ePsf] 5 . e} +;LnfO{ v'jfpg] bfgfsf] af/ ] df eg] pxf“nfO{ k"0f{ 1fg 5} g . a/ fgnfO{ bfgfsf] ?kdf k|of] u ub{} cfpg'ePsf ofbjn] ;f] r] h: tf] b"w pTkfbg x'g g;s] sf] atfpg'x'G5 . …bfgf oxL a/ fg xf] . oxL v'jfp“5'Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …c? bfgf w] / } v'jfPsf] 5} g . dx+uf] x'G5 .Ú t/ pxf“ h: tf w] / } ls;fgnfO{ ;Gt'lnt bfgfaf/ ] k"0f{ hfgsf/ L 5} g . h;n] ubf{ kf] if0f gePsf] bfgf v'jfpg] u/ ] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . oxL ;d: ofnfO{ dWogh/ u/ ] / lghL If] qaf6} kz'kfns ls;fgnfO{ ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ f;DaGwL hfgsf/ L lbg yflnPsf] 5 . / fKtL lkm8 OG8li6«h k|flnn] ls;fgx?nfO{ k|fyldstf / fv] / kz' kfng tyf ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ fsf af/ ] df hfgsf/ L lbg yfn] sf] xf] . ls;fgn] kz' kfng tyf ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ fsf af/ ] df hfgsf/ L kfp“bf ;lhnf] CMYK

ePsf] k|ltlqmof lbPsf 5g\ . kz'kfns ls;fgn] pGgt hftsf] ufO{ e} +;L kfn] klg To;af6 ;f] r] h: tf] b"w pTkfbg lng g;s] sf] atfPsf 5g\ . 3f“;, k/ fn, bfgf, kfgL v'jfP klg To;af6 pTkfbg a9fpg g;lsPsf] ls;fgx?n] atfP . kz'kfng / ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ fsf] af/ ] df hfgsf/ L gx'“bf ;f] r] h: tf] pTkfbg lng ;lsPsf] 5|} g .

ca ls;fgx?nfO{ kz'kfng / ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ fsf] af/ ] df hfgsf/ L lbg] , To;af6 ePsf] pTkfbgsf] n] vfhf] vf ug{ ;Nnfx lbOPsf] 5 . …ls;fgfn] cfDbfgL / vr{sf] lx;fj g/ fVbf ;d: of ePsf] xf] . clxn] ls;fgn] cfDbfgL vr{sf] lx;fj / fVg yfNg'ePsf] 5 . ls;fgdf hfu/ 0f cfp“b} 5Ú– ls;fg ch{'g clwsf/ Ln] eGg'eof] – …of] hfu/ 0fnfO{ : yfgLo ;/ sf/

tyf lghL If] qn] Wofg lbg'k5{ .Ú ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ f k'¥ofpg g;Sbf pGgt hftsf ufO{ e} +;Lsf] b'w pTkfbg cf} ift dfqfdf x'g] ;d: of 5 . oL ;d: ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ls;fgnfO{ pBf] un] ;d] t k|lzIf0f / hfgsf/ L lbg yfn] sf] xf] . / fKtL lkm8n] l5d] sL b] z ef/ taf6 lj1 af] nfP/ kz'kfng tyf ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ fsf] af/ ] df hfgsf/ L lbg yfn] sf] xf] . …ls;fgnfO{ ;Gt'lnt bfgfdf s] s] kfOG5 eGg] af/ ] df hfgsf/ L lbg yfn] sf xf+} Ú– / fKtL lkm8sf cWoIf nLnf/ fd vgfnn] eGg'eof] – …ls;fg hfu/ 0fnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf / fv] sf 5f} + .Ú pBf] un] ;d] t bfgf pTkfbg ul/ / x] sfn] ls;fgn] v'jfO/ x] sf] bfgf / pBf] usf] bfgf k|of] u u/ ] / t'ngf ug{ ;d] t cfu|x ug{'ePsf] 5 . ls;fgn] 3/ fo;L ?kdf agfpg] bfgfdf ;d] t nufgL km;fO/ x] sf] t/ To;af6 ufO{ e} +;LnfO{ kf] if0f gk'Ubf pTkfbg Ifdtf 36\b} uPsf] lj1x?sf] egfO 5 . pTkfbg nfut 36fpg] u/ L af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

q s'df/ >] i7 af“s] , ! k'; . afx\o tyf cfGtl/ s ko{6snfO{ g] kfnu~h / kf] v/ f;“u hf] 8\g g] kfnu~hdf b'a} 7fp“sf ko{6g Joj;foLn] 5nkmn u/ ] sf 5g\ . cfGtl/ s ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu kf] v/ fn] yfn] sf] …hfp“ x} kf] v/ f cleofgÚsf] 6f] nL g] kfnu~hdf cfOk'Ubf oxf“sf ko{6g Joj;foL;“u b'a} 7fp“sf] ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu 5nkmn ePsf] xf] . kf] v/ f cfpg] ko{6snfO{ g] kfnu~h Nofpg / g] kfnu~h cfPsf ko{6snfO{ kf] v/ fdf n} hfg] ljifodf b'a} 7fp“sf ko{6g Joj;foLn] s;/ t yfn] sf 5g\ . kf] v/ f ko{6g Joj;foLsf nflu rlr{t 7fp“ dflgG5 eg] g] kfnu~h klg ef/ taf6 k|j] z ug] { klZrd g] kfnsf] åf/ dflgG5 . oL b'O{ 7fp“df cfPsf ko{6snfO{ b'a} 7fp“df 3'dfpg] jftfj/ 0f agfpg ko{6g Joj;foLx? nflu k/ ] sf x'g\ . xf] 6n Pzf] l;o;g kf] v/ fsf cWoIf nId0f ;'j] bLn] kf] v/ fdf cfpg] df #% b] lv $) k|ltzt

ko{6s cfGtl/ s / x] sf] hfgsf/ L lbb} g] kfnu~h / kf] v/ fdf cfpg] ko{6snfO{ s;/ L hf] 8\g ;lsG5 eGg] 5nkmn ug{ h?/ L / x] sf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] cfly{s dGbLsf sf/ 0f @% k|ltzt ko{6g Joj;foL knfog ePsf] : d/ 0f ub} { kf] v/ fdf cfPsf ko{6snfO{ g] kfnu~h / g] kfnu~hdf cfPsf ko{6snfO{ kf] v/ fdf 3'dfpg] jftfj/ 0f agfpg'kg] { atfpg'eof] . g] kfnu~h pk– dxfgu/ kflnsfsf pkd] o/ sd?l2g / fO{n] ef/ tLo ko{6snfO{ g] kfn leœofpg ;s] df g] kfnu~h, kf] v/ fdfq} xf] Og, b] zs} ko{6g Joj;fo km: 6fpg] atfpg'eof] . To;sf nflu ;/ sf/ n] ;xh jftfj/ 0f agfpg h?/ L / x] sf] cf+} Nofpg'eof] . xf] 6n ;+3 kf] v/ f, g] kfnu~h pBf] u JfFl0fHo ;+3, xf] 6n Joj;foL ;+3 g] kfnu~h, gf6\6fnufotsf k|ltlglwn] g] kfnu~h / kf] v/ fnfO{ ko{6gdf hf] 8\g ;s] df b'a} tkm{ kmfObf x'g] df hf] 8 lbP . kf] v/ fdf ko{6g leœofpg yflnPsf] of] cleofgsf 6f] nL e} / xjf x'“b}

g] kfnu~h cfPsf x'g\ . oxf“af6 wgu9L x'“b} dx] Gb|gu/ hfg] sfo{qmd / x] sf] 5 . ut sflt{s dlxgfdf cleofg k"jL{ lhNnfdf ul/ Psf] lyof] . cfGtl/ s ko{6g g} lbuf] ko{6gsf] cfwf/ xf] eGg] dfGotf cg'?k xf] 6n ;+3 kf] v/ f g] kfnn] b'O{ bzsb] lv of] cleofg yfn] sf] xf] . cleofgdf @) hgfsf] 6f] nL lx8] sf] 5 . g] kfnu~h / kf] v/ f xjfO{ p8fg / x] sf] 5 . kf] v/ fdf cfGtl/ s;“u} afx\o ko{6s cfpg] ub{5g\ . tfn / lxdfn Ps} 7fp“af6 b] lvg] ePsfn] kf] v/ f ko{6ssf] / f] hfOdf kg] { ub{5 . g] kfnu~hdf ko{6ssf nflu k|l;4 afu] Zj/ L dlGb/ ;“u} af3 x] g{ ;lsg] af“s] / fli6«o lgs'~h / x] sf] 5 . alb{of / fli6«o lgs'~h;“u} / f/ f, : ju{åf/ L, dfg;/ f] a/ hfg] : yndfu{ g] kfnu~h x'“b} / x] sf] 5 . ef/ tLo ko{6snfO{ g] kfnu~h x'“b} leœofP/ o; If] qsf] ko{6sLo If] qsf] cjnf] sg;“u} kf] v/ f;“u hf] 8\g ;s] df b'a} 7fp“sf] ljsf; x'g] xf] 6n Joj;foL s] zj Gof} kfg] sf] egfO 5 .

l;len Ol~hlgol/ªdf ljBfyL{ el/b}, d]sflgsndf Go"g q k|sfz l;njfn sf7df8f} +, ! k'; . : gfts txsf] Ol~hlgol/ ª cWoogdf l;len, sDKo'6/ / On] S6«f] lgS; ljifosf t'ngfdf d] sflgsn / lhcf] Dofl6«S;df ljBfyL{sf] cfsif{0f sd b] lvPsf] 5 . lqe'jg ljZjljBfno Ol~hlgol/ ª cWoog ;+: yfgsf] : gfts -laO, lacfs{_ txsf] k|j] z k/ LIffdf ;kmn ePsfdWo] af6 k"0f{ 5fqj[lQ lbOg] l;len Ol~hlgol/ ªcGtu{t k'Nrf] s SofDk;df Ps ;o cf7 : yfg -sf] 6f_ / x] sfdf Ps : yfg dfq egf{ x'g af“sL 5 . ;f] ljifodf yfkfynL SofDk;df #^ : yfgdWo] gf} df egf{ x'g af“sL 5 . tL b'O{ SofDk;df sDKo'6/ Ol~hlgol/ ªdf qmdzM #^ / !@ : yfg / x] sf]df ;a} df egf{ eO;s] sf 5g\ . On] S6«f] lgS;, sDo'lgs] zg / OGkmd] {zg Ol~hlgol/ ªdf tL SofDk;df qmdzM @$÷@$ : yfg / x] sfdf

;a} l;6df egf{ eO;s] sf 5g\ . cGo SofDk;df klg tL ljifodf ljBfyL{ el/ g yfn] sf 5g\ . d] sflgsn Ol~hlgol/ ªdf k'Nrf] s SofDk;df @$ : yfg / x] sfdf b'O{ : yfg vfnL 5 eg] yfkfynL SofDk;df ;f] ljifodf #^ : yfg / x] sfdf xfn;Dd !* ljBfyL{ dfq} egf{ ePsf 5g\ . lhcf] Dofl6«S; Ol~hlgol/ ªdf klZrdf~rn SofDk;df #^ : yfg / x] sfdf cem} !# : yfg egf{ x'g af“sL 5 . lqljsf ;/ sf/ L / lghL u/ L !% sn] hdf rf/ xhf/ tLg ;o $$ : gfts txdf Ol~hlgol/ ª k9\g ;Sg] Ifdtf / x] sf] lqljcGtu{t Ol~hlgol/ ª cWoog ;+: yfgsf ;xfos 8Lg Pj+ k|j] z k/ LIff af] 8{sf cWoIf k|f 8f ;'zLnaxfb'/ ah|frfo{n] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ kf“r ;/ sf/ L -cf+lus_ SofDk;df 5 ;o ljBfyL{n] k9\g kfp“5g\ . lghL -;DaGwg k|fKt_ df ljleGg ;dfj] zLtfsf

cfwf/ df #! k|ltzt ljBfyL{n] 5fqa[lQ kfp“5g\ . z'Ns lt/ ] / k9\g] Ps xhf/ rf/ ;o ljBfyL{ x'G5g\ . lqljsf cltl/ Qm sf7df8f+} , kf] v/ f, k"jf{~rn, dWodf~rn, n'lDagL–af} 4 / dbg e08f/ L lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ljZjljBfodf u/ L k|ltjif{ sl/ a !) xhf/ ljBfyL{ k9\g ;Sg] Ifdtf / x] sf] 5 . ;a} ljifo u/ L k'Nrf] s SofDk;df 5 ;o @$ : yfg / x] sfdf #), yfkfynL SofDk;df rf/ ;o #@ df Ps ;o cf7, klZrdf~rn SofDk;df rf/ ;o #@ df Ps ;o !( / k"jf{~rn SofDk;df kf“r ;o @* : yfg / x] sfdf Ps ;o Ps : yfg egf{ x'g af“sL / x] sf ;DalGwt SofDk;n] hgfPsf 5g\ .

To: t} Ol~hlgol/ ª sn] hx?df egf{ x'g af“sL sf] 6fdWo] sf7df8f} +df tLg ;o *$ dWo] Ps ;o %$, sflGtk'/ df b'O{ ;o ** dWo] b'O{ af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

l;6 ;Lldt 5.

3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf–!^ ;fgL cDafk'/ ;/f{, bfª kmf]g g+= )*@–%^@^)!, (*%&*#!^*%, (*%&*#%((), (*%&*#&@%% Web: www.rec.edu.np, Email: info@rec.edu.np

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u}/;+j}wflgs zlQmsf] pbo ;fdflhs Jojxf/ ;'wf/df pbfl;gtf ev{/ } d+l;/ dlxgf ;lsPsf] 5 . w] / } nfO{ w] / } sf ljjfx sfo{qmdaf/ ] ;'Gg] / k|ToIf b] Vg] df} sf ldn] xf] nf . of] dlxgfdf w] / } ljjfx eP t/ kl5Nnf b'O{j6f ljjfx ljz] if rrf{df / x] . g] skf PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf g] tfsL 5f] / L / k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08sL gfltgLsf] ljjfx e8\lsnf] ePsf] eGb} Jofks cfnf] rgf eP . kIf ljkIfdf cem} klg l6Kk0fL / f] lsPsf 5} gg\ . k"j{ ld; g] kfn / x] sL >[+vnf vltj8fsf] ljjfx Jofkfl/ s 3/ fgfsf JolQm ;Dej l;/ f] lxof;Fu ePsf] df e8\lsnf] ljjfxnfO{ lnP/ Tolt cfnf] rgf ;'lgPsf] 5} g t/ k|wfgdGqLsL gfltgL k|ltef kf7s / lj1fgafa' / ] UdLsf] ljjfxnfO{ lnP/ k|wfgdGqLsf] cfnf] rgfdfq xf] Og v] bf] vGg] ;Ddsf] sfd eO/ x] sf] 5 . ljjfxdf ;xefuL ePsf sltkon] uf] s0f{ l/ ;f] 6{sf] rf} / df ePsf] ljjfx ;/ n / ;fdfGo ePsf] l6Kk0fL klg ul/ / x] s} 5g\ . h] xf] ;\, km] l/ Psk6s ;fdflhs Jojxf/ ;'wf/ sf] ljifo ax;df cfPsf] 5 . ljjfxnufotsf ;fdflhs sfo{qmdx? e8\lsnf] vlr{nf] x'g'x'Gg, b] zsf] g] t[Tj ug] {x?n] t8se8s/ lxt ;/ n sfo{ Jojxf/ df b] vfpg' k5{ eGg] gful/ s dg;fonfO{ cGoyf lng'x'Fb} g . a? ;fdflhs hLjgdf xfdL klg cfkm" s] slt ;xh, ;/n / ldtJooL x'g ;s] sf 5f} + eg] / ;a} n] lrGtg ug} {kg] { a] nf cfPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs Jojxf/ cGtu{t ljjfx, a|tjGw, r'8fsd{, kf: gL, Gjf/ fg, hGdlbg, 5} 7L, kf: gL / lkt[ sfo{;Dd kb{5g\ . o: tf sfo{x? emg kl5 emg\ e8\lsnf] vlr{nf] aGb} uPsf] xfdL ;a} nfO{ yfxf g} 5 . xfd|f] k/ Dk/ f, ;+: sf/ eGbf klg aflx/ uP/ ;fdfGo kl/ jf/ n] wfGg} g;Sg] u/ L ljjfxdf cg] sy/ L sfo{qmd lj: tf/ ePsf 5g\ . ;dfh ljjfxs} sf/ 0f cf8Da/ L / vf] qmf] x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . bfOhf] sf] k|rngn] lgDTofpg] csf] { sxfnLnfUbf] kf6f] 5Fb} 5 . d] x] GbL, xNbLh: tf cg] s gfddf vlr{nf sfo{qmd ylkFb} uPsf 5g\ . lrGtfsf] s'/ f t s] 5 eg] , kl/ jf/ n] cf8Da/ k|bz{g ug{ dfq xf] Og, o;/ L ljjfx ug{ s] 6fs] 6Lsf] / x/ sf] ?kdf cem alnof] u/ L b] vfkb} {5 . ;fdflhs Jojxf/ ;'wf/ sf] jx; ub} {ubf{ oL ljifodf ca ;r] t gful/ sn] lrGtf hfx] / u/ ] / dfq k'Ub} g, kl/ jf/ df, ;dfhdf cfkm";Sbf] kl/ jt{gsf] cfF6 ug'{k5{ . ;xh, ;/ n?kdf ePsf ljjfxnufotsf sfo{nfO{ ;dfhdf a9fjf Pj+ k|f] T;fxg lbg' cfjZos 5 .

To;f] t ;fdflhs Jojxf/ nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ sfg'g g} agfP/ k|of; gul/ Psf] klg xf] Og . ljjfxnufotsf pT;jsf a] nf ;dfhdf b] vfkg] { ljs[lt, t8se8s / kmh'n vr{ / f] Sg ;fdflhs Jojxf/ -;'wf/ _ P] g @)## NofOPsf] lyof] . o;nfO{ s] xL g] kfn P] g ;+zf] wg ug{] P] g @)&@ dfkm{t ;+zf] wg;lxt NofOPsf] klg 5 . P] gcg';f/ ljjfxdf bfOhf] lng– lbg gx'g] / lng] –lbg] u/ ] df lauf] hkmt u/ L !@ xhf/ b] lv @% xhf/ ;Dd hl/ dfgf jf #) lbg;Dd s} b jf b'a} ;hfo x'g] Joj: yf 5 . b'nxL kIfn] klg cfkm\gf nflu s'g} gubL jf lhG;L lng gx'g] , b'nxf kIfn] uxgf, sk8f, gub, lhG;L jf h] yf lbg s/ ug{ gkfOg] / u/ ] df hl/ jfgf tyf s} b x'g] Joj: yf 5 . P] gn] ljjfxdf b'nxLn] lhpdf nufPsf] Ps;/ f] uxgfafx] s s'n k/ Dk/ fcg';f/ !) xhf/ ?lkofF;Dd dfq bfOhf] lbg ;Sg] Joj: yf 5 . hGtLnfO{ ;d] t 6Lsf6fnf u/ L gub lbg gkfOg] Joj: yf 5 . ljjfxdf afhf / ;xof] uL;lxt %! hgfeGbf a9L hGtL n} hfg gx'g] sfg'gL Joj: yf 5 . hGtL a9L nu] df !) xhf/ hl/ jfgf / !% lbg;Dd s} bsf] Joj: yf 5 . o;} u/ L P] g cg';f/ sfhlsl/ of, >f4 Pj+ cGo ljleGg lqmof ubf{ @% hgfeGbf a9LnfO{ ef] hdf cfdGq0f ug{'x'Fb} g . o;sf] pNn+3g ug{] nfO{ !) xhf/ ?k} ofF hl/ jfgf / ;ft lbg;Dd s} bsf] Joj: yf ul/ Psf] 5 . ;fdflhs Jojxf/ ;'wf/ ;DaGwdf P] g cfPsf] eP klg o;sf] sfof{Gjog kIf eg] z"Go a/ fa/ 5 . lgod ldRg] nfO{ sf/ jfxL ug{] ;/ sf/ L kbflwsf/ L g} To; k|sf/ sf] ef] het] / df ;fd] n ePsf] b] lvG5 . h;n] kmh'n vr{ ug{] , u/ fpg] nfO{ sfg'gL sf/ jfxL ug{'kg{] xf] pxL pkef] Qmf eP/ uPkl5 s;n] sf/ jfxL ug{] < oxfF t sf] –sf] k|ltli7t JolQm slt cfP To;sf cfwf/ df p;sf] ;fdflhs x} l;ot sfod x'g] dgf] lj1fg 5 . z'esfo{ dfq xf] Og cGo sd{x¿ klg cgfjZos tfdemfdsf ;fy ug{] rng a9\bf] 5 . s;n] a9L dfG5] hDdf ug{ ;Sof] , s;sf] 3/ df pRr: t/ Lo JolQm cfPsf] 5 / s;n] a9L vr{ u/ ] / o: tf sfo{ ;DkGg u/ ] sf] 5 To;sf cfwf/ df ;fdflhs d"No lbg] unt k|j[lQ df} nfpFbf] 5 . of] k|j[lQ / f] Sg klg g] t[Tj tbg's'n rNg'k5{ . xfdL nf] stflGqs u0ftGqdf 5f} +, o;sf] cy{ of] b] zsf sfg'g ;a} sf nflu a/ fa/ 5 eGg] klg xf] . ljjfxnufotsf ;fdflhs sfo{x? ;/ n ldtJooL agfpg ;xof] u k'¥ofpg agfOPsf sfg'g sfof{Gjogdf of] b] zsf pRr kb: yx? OdfGbf/ aGg}k5{ . æ7"nfa8fÆ / ædflyÆ sf] l;sf] ug]{ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] dgf]lj1fgnfO{ 7Ls lbzfdf cl3 a9fpg klg of] ckl/xfo{ 5 . h;/L olta]nf ;fdflhs Jojxf/ ;'wf/sf] kIfdf ljrf/ k|s6 eO/x]sf 5g\ tL ljrf/nfO{ Jojxf/df hf]8\g ;a}n] b] zdf ag] sf sfg'gsf] kl/ kfngf ub} { ;/ n, ldtJooL / dof{lbt hLjgz} nL ckgfpg] ;jfndf ;a} k|oTgzLn aGg'sf] ljsNk 5} g .

–

s;n] s] eg] <

of] Ps jif{leq w] / } sfd x'g ;s] g, tkfO{+ -k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08_ ;Fu df} sf 5 . olQsf] l: y/ tf x'Fb} ubf{, olQsf] cg's"ntf x'Fb} ubf{ ug{'kg{] sfd tkfO{+ ug{'x'G5 eg] tkfO{+nfO{ k|wfgdGqLsf] ?kdf / flv/ fV5f} +, tkfO{+nfO{ d2t ul/ / fV5f} +, tkfO{+ sfd ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg eg] l;+xb/ af/ af6 v'dn6f/ k'¥ofpF5f} + eg] / eGg ;Sg'k5{ .

– uugs'df/ yfkf -g] kfnL sf+u|] ;sf dxfdGqL_ / f] huf/ L l;h{gf / cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu ufFhf v] tLnfO{ j} wflgstf lbg'k5{ . k|b] z ;/ sf/ n] ufFhf v] tLsf] ;DefJotf cWoogsf nflu ;ldlt;d] t u7g u/ ] sf] 5 .

– bLk] Gb|axfb'/ yfkf -u08sL k|b] zsf pBf] u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/ 0fdGqL_ b'O{ l5d] sL;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;Gt'ngdf / fVg] sfd eof] . t/ rLg hfFbf k|f] –rfOlgh / ef/ t hfFbf k|f] –OlG8og eP/ sfd ul/ of] .

– dw'/ d0f cfrfo{ -k"j{k/ / fi6« ;lrj_ clxn] OlGhlgol/ ª sn] hdf ljBfyL{ sd b] lvPsf ;dfrf/ x¿ cfPsf 5g\ . t/ Tof] ;To xf] Og, ljBfyL{n] tLg rf/ j6f sn] hdf OlGhlgol/ ª k|j] z k/ LIff pQL0f{ ul/ ;s] kl5 Pp6f dfq 5fg] / egf{ ePsfn] cGo sn] hdf l;6 vfnL h: tf] b] lvPsf] xf] .

– 8f= xl/ axfb'/ bnf{dL -g] kfn OlGhlgo;{ ;+3sf OlGhlgo/ _ hgfj/ x¿nfO{ kof{Kt dfqfdf ;fdfGo tfkqmdsf] kfgL ;w} + pknAw u/fpg' k5{ . kfgLsf] sdLn] bfgfsf] ;] jgnfO{ ;Lldt kf5{ . To;n] hgfj/ nfO{ pmhf{ cfjZostf k"/ f ug{ ufx|f] agfpF5 .

– 8f= s] bf/ sfsL{ -kz' : jf: Yo ljz] if1_

/ fHo Joj: yfk|ltsf] ckgTj / : jfldTj a9fpg Pj+ zf;gsf] ;'vb cg'e"lt u/ fpg ljleGg sfnv08df ;+ljwfg, zf;g, ;/ sf/ , ;+/ rgf / ;+oGq;d] t kl/ jt{g x'“b} cfPsf 5g\ .

PsfTds / fHoJoj: yfn] l;h{gf u/ ] sf ;a} lje] b / pTkL8gsf] cGTo u/ L lbuf] zflGt, ;'zf;g, ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] cfsf+Iff k"/ f ug{ ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] cEof; ul/ Psf] 5 . o;sf] cGto{ zf;g ;~rfngsf k|lqmofdf gful/ ssf] ;fy{s kx'“r / ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt u/ L / fHok|ltsf] ckgTj af] w u/ fpg' xf] . sfnqmd;“u} ;+ l jwfg, zf;g k| 0 ffnL / Joj: yf ?kfGt/ 0f ug{'sf] p2] Zo gful/ sk|lt ePsf k|lts"n Jojxf/ x6fO{ ;/ sf/ sf] cleefjsLo e"ldsf : yflkt ug{' xf] . t/ ;+ljwfg, ;+/ rgf / zf;g k|0ffnL kl/ jt{gsf afjh'b zf;sLo tyf k|zf;sLo ultljlw ck] Iff adf] lhd rnfodfg x'g ;s] gg\ . Tof] lsgeg] , ljut zf;gsf] k|zf;sLo lnu] ;L clxn] klg af“sL g} 5 . Pp6f nfdf] Joj: yfaf6 csf{] df kbfk{0f x'“b} ubf{ k'/ fgf] lnu] ;Ln] s] xL g s] xL sfd ul/ / x] sf] x'G5 . csf{] , zf;gsf] gof“ cEof; ePsfn] w] / } s'/ f ;+: yfut x'“b} 5g\ . cEof;sf qmddf s] xL ;+/ rgf 36fpg'kg{] , s] xL a9fpg'kg{] cg'el" t x'b“ } 5 . ;} 4flGts¿kdf ;+ljwfg tyf sfg"gdf n] lvPsf cIf/ cEof;df n} hf“bf dfq k/ LIf0f x'G5g\ . xfd|f] zf;g k|0ffnLsf gof“ cEof;x¿ k/ LIf0fd} 5g\ . cfjZos yKb} / cgfjZos 36fp“b} n} hfg'k5{ . xfd|f zf;sLo ultljlw lxhf] c;fWo} / fd|f eP/ cfh v/ fa ePsf xf] Ogg\ . tL lxhf] klg gful/sd}qL lyPgg\ . zf;sLo ultljlw lsg o: tf] eP t < / fhgLlt lj1fg / ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gsf Sofgf8]nL k|f] km] ;/ cf] dsf/ k|;fb låj] bLsf] ts{ g]kfnsf nflu ;d]t ;fGble{s 5 . pgsf cg';f/ , zf;gsf] / fhgLlts ;+/ rgfleq u} / ;+j} wflgs zlQm / kf6L{sf] ljQLo

/ fhgLlts g] t[Tjn] cfkm" cg's"n k|zf;lgs g] t[Tj 5gf] 6 ug{] / Pp6f k|zf;lgs g] t[Tjn] ug{ gdfg] sf] sfd ug{ csf{] tof/ x'g] k|j[lQn] sd{rf/ LtGqsf] ;fv 36fO/ x] sf] x'G5 . csf{tkm{, ;a} dGqLnfO{ zlQmzfnL dGqfno rflxg] , To;sf nflu afu{ ] lgª ug{ ] , p;n] u/ ] sf v/ fa sfdnfO{ ;d] t kf6L{n] ;dy{g ug{] h'g lylt a;] sf] 5, To;n] zf;sLo sdhf] / L phfu/ u5{ . ========================================================  t'n v8\sf x} l;ot a9fpg w"t{ / fhgLlt1x¿sf] pbo g} zf;sLo cJoj: yfkgsf] h8 xf] . u} / ;+ j } wflgs zlQmsf] pbo eg] sf] ;+ljwfg tyf sfg'gn] glrg] sf JolQm tyf kfqn] zf;sLo lg0f{o tyf sfdsf/ jfxLdf cfkm\gf] e"ldsf : yflkt ug{' xf] . pRr / fhgLlts kbdf k'u] sf g] tfsf cfkmGt, sfo{stf{, gft] bf/ / kl/ jf/ sf ;b: o;d] t zlQmzfnL– anzfnL x' g ] u5{ g \ . pgLx¿n] k|zf;gsf] x/ ] s If] qdf kx'“r / fV5g\ / cfkm\gf] : jfy{cg's"n sfd ug{ ;Sg] sd{rf/ Lsf] 5gf] 6, ;?jf, a9'jf, lgo'lQm u5{g\ . cyf{t, ;Gt'ngsf] l;4fGtljk/Lt / fHosf ;|f] t;fwgsf] af“8kmf“8 u5{g\ . dGqfnosf] ;lrj s;n] agfp“ 5 , k|lhc s;n] k7fp“5, k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t s;nfO{ agfOG5 eGg] s'/ f … cf] kg l;qm] 6Ú g} 5 . clxn] g] kfndf eO/ x] s} oxL xf] . g] kfndf s: tf] ;Dd cj: yf cfO;Sof] eg] , dGqfnosf] s'g} ;lrjn] dGqL / p;sf jl/ kl/ sf dflg;sf] cg' d ltlagf ;fdfGo sd{ r f/ LnfO{ v6gk6g ug{ ;Sg] cj: yf klg 5} g . zf;sLo ultljlwdf sfg'gn] glrg] sf larf} lnof / bnfnx¿sf] ks8 a9\b} hfg' ljlw / c;n zf;gljk/ Lt sfo{ x'g\ . o;af6 Psflt/ Jofj;flostfdf x|f; cfPsf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ ;Ifd, Odfgbf/ / st{Jolgi7 sd{rf/ Lx¿ …afOkf;Ú ePsf 5g\ . k4lt sdhf] / x'‘b}

hfg] / kfq alnof x'g] k|j[lQn] zf;sLo ultljlw sdhf] / / lgik|efjL x'g] u5{g\ . o;n] ubf{ Pp6f sfof{ n o k| d ' v n] slDtdf Ps cfly{ s jif{ s f] ah] 6 th{'df / sfof{Gjog ug{] cj;/ ;d] t gkfpg] cj: yf pTkGg x'G5 . cf: yf / cj:yfsf cfwf/df sd{rf/L v6gk6gsf] c;/ ;] jf k|jfxdf kg{] u5{ . pRr k|zf;lgs g] t[Tjdf l: y/ tf sfod ug{ g;Sbf ;+: yfut Ifdtf sdhf] / x'“b} hfG5 . kf6L{sf] cf:yfsf cfwf/d} k|zf;lgs kbflwsf/ L, dxfzfvf k|d'v, ljefu k|d'v, k|lhcnufotnfO{ abNg] / …P; DofgÚ vf] Hg] k|j[lQn] / fHo sdhf] / aGb} hfG5 . o;n] zf;sLo / k|zf;sLo Ifdtf n'nf] agfp“5 . g] kfn clxn] o: tf] cj: yfdf k'lu;s] sf] 5, g k|efjsf/ L lgoGq0f ug{ ;S5 g ;dGjo ug{ ;S5 g t ;xhLs/ 0f g} ug{ ;S5 . kmntM ahf/ cg' u dgb] lv sfo{ ; Dkfbgsf] cg'udg;Dd sd{sf08L aGg k'u] sf 5g\ . lgikIf, lgw{Ss / lgeL{s?kdf sfo{;Dkfbg ug{] cf“6 sd} sd{rf/ Ldf dfq 5 . hflu/ ] dfgl;stfsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5, h;af6 s'g} pNn] Vo glthf cfpg ;Sb} g, lbg sf6\g] sfd dfq x'G5 . k|zf;lgs g] t[Tj …d] l/ 6Ú eGbf cGo af6f] af6 vf] Hbf : jfefljs¿kd} ;] jf k|jfx sdhf] / aGg hfG5 . / fhgLlts g] t[Tjn] cfkm" cg's"n k|zf;lgs g] t[Tj 5gf] 6 ug{] / Pp6f k|zf;lgs g] t[Tjn]

ug{ gdfg] sf] sfd ug{ csf{] tof/ x'g] k|jl[ Qn] sd{rf/ LtGqsf] ;fv 36fO/ x] sf] x'G5 . csf{tkm{, ;a} dGqLnfO{ zlQmzfnL dGqfno rflxg] , To;sf nflu afu{] lgª ug{ ] , p;n] u/ ] sf v/ fa sfdnfO{ ;d] t kf6L{n] ;dy{g ug{] h'g lylt a;] sf] 5, To;n] zf;sLo sdhf] / L phfu/ u5{ . u} / ;+j} wflgs zlQmnfO{ lg: t] h kfg{] xltof/ eg] s} / fhgLlt bn x'g\ . t/ g] kfndf / fhgLlts bnx¿leq nf] stflGqs cEof; sdhf] / x'“b} hfg', hgljZjf; 36\b} hfg', ;/ sf/ df x'“bf Ps / ljkIfLdf x'“bf csf{] wf/ 0ff x'g' cyf{ t \ gLltut c8fg gx' g ' , kf6L{ ;~rfng kf/ bzL{ gx' g ' h: tf / f] un] kf6L{x¿ ;+qmldt 5g\ . kf6L{ ;lRrg / ;'l„g Odfgbf/ , ;Ifd / b] zsf] df] x ePsf / fhgLltsdL{x¿ rflxG5g\, t/ Tof] k+lQm clxn] ;a} lt/ alxis[tk|foM 5 . kf6L{ x ¿ ;' l „g] eg] sf] klg nf] stflGqs cEof;af6} xf] . nf] stGqsf] jfxssf ?kdf / x] sf kf6L{x¿ hgd'vL gx'“bf;Dd c? If] qdf ;'wf/ vf] h] / sfd 5} g . / fhgLltsf] 5q5fof“ d f cGo If] q x's{g{] / a9\g] ePsfn] / fhgLlt g;'l„P;Dd oL ;d: ofn] lg/ Gt/ tf kfO/ xG5g\ . u} / ;+ j } wflgs zlQmsf] cf8df x' g ] e| i 6frf/ sf sf08x¿n] d'n'snfO{ nlHht t'NofO/ x] sf 5g\ . e| i 6frf/ sf] rqm tf] 8\ g ' jt{ d fg zf;sLo ;+/ rgfsf] r'gf} tL xf] . / fHosf] ;dfhjfbtkm{sf] ofqf c;Dej t 5} g, t/ o: tf] / j} ofn] ubf{ ;lhnf] klg b] lvb} g . zf;sLo sfdsf/ jfxL ;+ljwfg / sfg'g cg's"n tyf gful/ sn] ck] Iff u/ ] cg'?k k|jfx ug{ ;lsPg eg] Joj:yfdfly k|Zg p7\5 . Jofj;flostfsf] ljsf;, ;Ifdtf clea[l4, /fli6«otfsf] ;anLs/0f ub{} zf;sLo ultljlw l56f]5l/tf agfP/ gful/ ssf] ljZjf; lhTg ;lsG5 . t/ jQmf dfq eP/ xf] Og, stf{ eP/ .

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dfcf]jfbL ¿kfGt/0f cleofgn] gb]v]sf] kf6f] g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gb|n] z'? u/ ] sf] tLgdlxg] ¿kfGt/ 0f cleofgdf ylkPsf] Ps dlxgf klg ;lsg sl/ a !% lbg af“sL 5 . o; cjlwdf kf6L{ ;'b9[ Ls/0fsf nflu p;sf g] tf sfo{stf{n] y'k|} d] xgt / k|of; u/ ] sf] b] lvof] . oBlk dfcf] jfbL kf6L{sf] agfj6 / lqmofzLntfdf x'“b} cfO/ x] sf] IfoLs/ 0f / f] lsg] u/ L 7"n} pknlAw ePsf] b] lvPg .

Pstf, ;+3if{, ¿kfGt/ 0f, 6'6km'6 / em} –emu8f cflb 36gfqmdsf] ;fdgf ub{} cfO/ x] sf] dfcf] jfbL cfGbf] ng / kf6L{ ls+st{Joljd'9tfsf] lzsf/ x'gaf6 hf] lug lgs} ;+3if{/ t b] lvG5 . yf] / } dfqfdf s'zn ;+u7s / ;Ifd sfo{stf{ pTkfbg ug{] u/ ] sf] dfcf] jfbL k+lQmn] sfo{stf{ hf] ufpg uDeL/ k|oTg u/ ] sf] b] lvb} g . cf7, ;f9] cf7 nfv sfo{stf{ / x] sf] bfaL ug{ ] dfcf] jfbL kf6L{ n ] ck] Iffs[t dt xfl;n ug{ ;s] sf] klg b]lvb}g . o; lx;fan] x]bf{ s]Gb|df xNnf– vNnf / babaf l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg] x} l;ot / fVg] dfcf] jfbLsf] : yfgLotf sdhf] / 5 eg] / kl/ 0ffdx¿n] b] vfPs} 5g\ . kf6L{n] cfkm\gf] x} l;ot, Oltxf; / jt{dfgsf] ;fdflhs r] t ;d] tnfO{ : jLsf/ u/ ] / ;'b[9Ls/ 0f tyf ¿kfGt/ 0f cleofg rnfPsf] xf] nf eg] / a'em\g ;lsG5 . tyflk ;+u7gsf] s] Gb|Lo tx / : yfgLo txdf tfbfTDotf ldnfpg dfcf] jfbLnfO{ lgs} ;s; k/ ] sf] 5 . ;fdflhs Gofo tyf Joj: yf kl/ jt{gsf nflu ePsf] ljb|f]x / ;+3if{sf] g] t[Tj u/ ] / pbfPsf] kf6L{sf] cfsf/ v'lDrg'df p;sf cfkm\g} ;Ldf / sdhf] / Ln] sfd ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . ;+3if{ / kl/ jt{gsf] ;kmn g] t[Tjkl5 @)^$ af6 lg/ Gt/ ;/ sf/ df / x“ b } cfPsf] dfcf] jfbL cfhko{ G t …s' l x/ f] sf] sfuÚ h: t} ?dln/ x] sf] 5 . o;sf] d'Vo h8 / hu p;sf] sfo{stf{ k+lQm g} xf] . ;w} + n8fO{+ / ljb|f] xsf] dfq} k|lzIf0f kfPsf dfcf] jfbL sfo{stf{n] kl/ jlt{t ;dfh / gof“ o'usf] cfjZostfnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{} hfg] gg\ . o'4 lhTgnfO{ eg] / hDdf u/ ] sf ljljw k|s[ltsf sfo{stf{nfO{ gof“ kl/ j] zdf ;dfof] hg ug{ l9nf ePkl5 dfcf] jfbLn] wSsf Joxf] b{} cfO/ x] sf] 5 . plta] nf cfGbf] ng wfGg h: tf dfG5] klg hDdf ug{'kg{] afWotfn] x'g ;S5, k'/ fgf] ;Qfn] bf] ifL s/ f/ u/ ] sf km6fxf

jf pkb|f] dRrfPsf ljleGgvfn] JolQm / : jtM : km"t¿ { kdf cfGbf] ngdf ;xefuL Odfgbf/ sfo{stf{ ;a} nfO{ Pp6} e"ldsf lyof] . ;fob p;n] h;/ L klg cfGbf] ng / o'4 lhTg} kg{] ljjztf eP/ xf] nf . ha cfGbf] ngsf] ;dfkg eof] , ta p;sf g] tf sfo{stf{df ljrng cfpg yfNof] . d" n af6 pld| P sf hf] hf] sfo{ s tf{ lyP, ;a} n] cfkm\gf] : jefj cg';f/ sf ¿k b] vfp“b} uP . kbnf] n'k / km6fxf ;+: s[ltsf dfG5] n] dfcf] jfbL 5f8\g] qmd hf/ L 5, To;sf] afl56f Psfw Odfgbf/ x¿df ;d] t k/ ] sf] b] lvG5 . ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] sfo{ef/ k"/ f ug{ eGb} ;+o'Qm df] rf{ / ;dfhjfbL kmf] / dx¿;“u lgs6tf a9fp“b} uPsf] dfcf] jfbLn] ;+ ; bjfbL bnx¿sf] k|lt: kw{fdf cfkm"nfO{ bx|f] u/ ] / pEofpg ;s] sf] 5} g . To: t} pbfp“ b } u/ ] sf gof“ / fhgLlts bnx¿sf] d'Vo tf/ f] klg dfcf] jfbL g} ePsf] 5 . ;dfgtf / ;d[l4sf] kl/ sNkgf ug{] t/ To;

8/ 5 r'gfj xfl/ G5 eGg] , ltgnfO{ Pp6f lgjf{rg xf/ ] df csf{] lhltG5 eGg] cfTdljZjf; klg 5} g . clg kf6L{ km'6fpg] / kf6L{ kl/ jt{g ug{] ;aeGbf w] / } ef] s klg dfcf] jfbL g] tf sfo{stf{nfO{ g} nfUg] u/ ] sf] b] lvG5 . pko{ ' Q m b[ i 6fGtnfO{ s] nfp“ b f dfcf] jfbL kf6L{df ;fk] lIft Odfgbf/ / nf6f–;f] emf dfG5] sf] afx'No / x] sf] a'em\g ;lsG5 . ckjfb afx]ssf cAan / 6f7f– af7fsf] em'sfj k'/ fgf ;+;bjfbL kf6L{d} / x] sfn] ;Qfsf] cjojdf dfcf] jfbLsf] ;zQm x: tIf] k jf e"ldsf Go"g b] lvG5 . ;/ sf/ df a;] / klg ;Qf rnfpg g;Sbf dfcf] jfbLnfO{ k/ ] sf] 3f6f ;a} n] a'em] sf 5g\ . ;+3Lotfsf af/ ] df 5l/ Psf unt e|dx¿sf] k|ltjfb ug{ sfo{stf{nfO{ gl;sfpg] cflb h: tf sf/ 0fn] klg dfcf] jfbLsf] nonfO{ laufg{] u/ ] sf 5g\ . vf;df vr{sf] sf/ 0fn] ;+3Lotf a] l7s elgb} cfPsf] 5 . To;f] xf]

;aeGbf v8\lsPsf] ljifo cfkm\gf] ulj{nf] Oltxf;, ljrf/ , k[i7e"ld x'“bf / / fHonfO{ p;sf] cfjZos x'“bf ;d] t ;zQm ;+u7g lgdf{0f ug{ g;s] / cjfs\ aGb} 5 dfcf] jfbL . kf6L{leq sf] cfof] sf] uof] , s;sf] of] ubfg slt < sf] cfkm\gf] , sf] c?sf] eGg] alxvftf dfcf] jfbL kf6L{ sfo{fnodf e] l6b} gg\ . lglZrt of] hgflag} xfjfsf] e/ df pDd] bjf/ 5fGg] , r'gfj n8\g] / cGo sfo{qmd ug{ tlD;G5 dfcf] jfbL, clg xf/ Joxf] 5{ . cg';f/sf] ;+u7g / sfo{gLlt to ug{ lgs} l9nf ug{] p;sf] tf} / –tl/ sfn] wdfwd sfo{stf{ knfogsf] df/ v] Kb} cfPsf] 5 . ;Qf / ;fj{hlgs nfesf] kbdf a;] sf sltko dfcf]jfbL g] tfdfly cfly{s ckrngsf] cf/ f] k ;d] t nfUg] u/] sf] 5 . s'g} a] nfsf] k|d'v bn v'Drb} ;fgf] cfsf/ df kl/ 0ft x'“bf klg ;/ sf/ sf] g] t[Tj ug{ kfPsf] cj;/ nfO{ ;b'kof] u ug{ dfcf] jfbL g] tf sfo{stf{ r'ls/ x] sf 5g\ . w} o{tf / cfTdljZjf;sf] sdL ePsf g] tf sfo{stf{nfO{ 9f8; lbg rf/ dlxg] cleofg Tolt ;kmn ePh: tf] b] lvPg . a? ;+;b\ / ;fdflhs kl/ j] z ;d] tdf lemgf] c+zdf / x] sf / fhfjfbL / / fk|kfh: tf JolQm / ;+: yfn] cfkm"nfO{ cAan ;flat ug{ lgw{Ss plePsf b] lvG5g\ t/ ha/ h: tL Oltxf; / ;+3if{ kf/ nufP/ cfPsf dfcf] jfbL j[Qsf dfG5] …g'g vfPsf s'v'/ fÚh: tf ePsf 5g\ . dfcf] jfbL g] tf sfo{stf{nfO{ Pp6}

eg] tLgj6f txsf ;+3LotfnfO{ b'O{df emfg{ ;lsg] eof] . cfjZos gePsf sltko lgsfo h: t} lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt vf/ ] h ug{ ;lsg] eof] . To: t} k|ltlglw;ef / / fli6«o;efsf] hDaf] cfsf/ nfO{ 36fpg ;lsg] eof] . sl7g cfly{s cj: yfdf hgk|ltlglwx¿n] lagf kfl/ >lds sfd u5{' eg] / : j3f] if0ff ug{] hdsf{] ug{'k¥of] . ;a} k|sf/ af6 lx;fa ubf{ klg cfly{s ef/ n] wfg] g eg] gof“ tl/ sfn] ;dfwfgsf] ljsNk vf] Hg] hlt klg tl/ sf 5g\ t/ dfG5] nfO{ clxn] sf] eGbf klxn]s} Joj:yf 7Ls eg]/ pQ]lht agfpg] k|oTg eO/x]sf] 5 . otftkm{ klg dfcf] jfbL kf6L{sf] tLgdlxg] cleofgn] Wofg k'¥ofpg ;s] sf] b] lvPg .

To: t} , dfcf] jfbLn] p7fg u/ ] sf] k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / lj1x¿sf] dlGqd08n agfpg] Joj: yf lgs} klxNo} b] lv rrf{df lyof] . h;sf sf/ 0f ;f+;b aGg dl/xQ] ug{] / r'gfj lhTgnfO{

u / fDhL cfrfo{ e| i 6frf/ ug{ ] k| j [ l Qsf] cGTo eO{ ;'zf;g pGd'v >[+vnfsf] z'?jft x'G5 eg] / l;sfpg klg tLgdlxg] cleofg sfdofaL x'g ;s] sf] b] lvPg . ;aeGbf v8\ l sPsf] ljifo cfkm\gf] ulj{nf] Oltxf;, ljrf/ , k[i7e"ld x'“bf / / fHonfO{ p;sf] cfjZos x'“bf ;d] t ;zQm ;+u7g lgdf{0f ug{ g;s] / cjfs\ aGb} 5 dfcf] jfbL . kf6L{leq sf] cfof] sf] uof] , s;sf] of] ubfg slt < sf] cfkm\gf] , sf] c?sf] eGg] alxvftf dfcf] jfbL kf6L{ sfo{fnodf e] l6b} gg\ . lglZrt of] hgflag} xfjfsf] e/ df pDd] bjf/ 5fGg] , r'gfj n8\g] / cGo sfo{qmd ug{ tlD;G5 dfcf] jfbL, clg xf/ Joxf] 5{ . r'gfjdf x'g] xf/ –lht / / fhgLlts d} bfgdf gof“x¿sf] pbo : jfefljs xf] . ljrf/ lgdf{0f, k|lt: kwf{ / ;doaf] w ePg eg] / fhgLlts bnsf] cj;fg / f] lsb} g . o: tf ax; / ljifoj: t' hgtf / sfo{stf{dfem lnP/ hfg'kg{] df dfcf] jfbL g]tfx¿n] cfkm\gf] cx+tf / v'aL k|i6\ofpg ;fdflhs ;~hfnx¿df …: 6f6;Ú 7f] s] sf 7f] So} 5g\ . o;af6 a'lemG5, dfcf] jfbL k+lQmdf klg a'h{'jf kf6L{s} wªwªL sfod} 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ kSs} yfxf 5, kf6L{ aGg sfo{stf{ rflxG5 / sfo{stf{ agfpg ljrf/ . ljrf/ t b] lvof] dfcf] jfbL;“u t/ hgtfdf k'Ub} k'u] g . tLg dlxgf / ylkPsf] Ps dlxgf ;dfKt x' g } nfUbf klg hgtfdfem dfcf] jfbL af/ ] sf] e|d d] l6Psf] b] lvPg . cfzf u/ f} +, ylkPsf lbg / ljwfg dxflwj]zg x'b“ } ljz]if dxflwj]zg;Ddsf] ofqf to u/]sf] dfcf]jfbLn] To;a]nf;Dd cfkm"nfO{ hgtfsf] kf6L{df ¿kfGt/ 0f ul/ ;s] sf] x'g] 5 .

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@)*) ;fn k'; @ ut] ;f]djf/ (Dec. 18, 2023)

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åGåkLl8tsf ;d:ofk|lt lhDd]jf/ x'g cfu|x g]skfåf/f b'O{ ;o cf7 c:yfoL cfjf; lgdf{0f q uf] ljGb v8\sf

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf 3f] / fxL, ! k'; . n'lDagL k|b] zsf åGåkLl8t dlxnfx?n] cfkm"x?sf ;d: ofk|lt lhDd] jf/ x'g ;/ f] sf/ jfnfnfO{ cfu|x u/ ] sf 5g\ . ;/ sf/ nfO{ åGåkLl8tsf ;d: ofk|lt lhDd] jf/ x'g cfu|x ub{} hgk|ltlglwx?n] åGåkLl8t kl/ jf/ nfO{ j] jf: tf u/ ] sf] kL8f ;'gfp“b} pgLx?n] åGåkLl8t;“u hgk|ltlglw efUg yfn] sf] atfP . åGåkLl8t dlxnf / fli6«o ;~hfn n'lDagL k|b] zn] ndxLdf cfof] hgf u/ ] sf] dlxnf, zflGt / ;'/ Iff;DaGwL bf] ;|f] / fli6«o sfo{of] hgf sfof{Gjog ljifos cled'vLs/ 0f sfo{qmddf af] Nb} pgLx?n] o: tf] u'gf;f] u/ ] sf x'g\ . sfo{qmddf af] Nb} n'lDagL k|b] z;ef ;b: o Pj+ k"j{dGqL OGb|hLt rf} w/ Ln] åGåkLl8tsf ;d: of ;dfwfg ug{ tLg txs} ;/ sf/ n] e"ldsf v] Ng'kg{] atfpg'eof] . åGåkLl8tsf ;d: of ;dfwfg ug{ åGå / x] sf] pNn] v ub{} rf} w/ Ln] ;+3Lo ;/ sf/ n] 7f] ; sfo{of] hgf Nofpg'kg{] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] kLl8t klxrfg ug{] , k|b] z / ;+3n] pkrf/ / kl/ k'/ 0fsf] sfd ug{'kg{] df hf] 8 lbg'eof] . ;f] cj;/ df af] Nb} n'lDagL k|b] z;ef ;b: o ;Ltf rf} w/ Ln] åGåkLl8tsf] ;d: of ;Daf] wgsf nflu

sfg'g lgdf{0fdf e"ldsf v] Ng] k|lta4tf JoQm ug{'eof] . pxf“n] cfkm" klg åGås} cfwf/ af6 oxf“;Dd cfOk'u] sf] : d/ 0f ub{} k|b] z;efdf e"ldsf v] Ng] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf af] Nb} g] kfn gu/ kflnsf ;+3sf dxf;lrj tyf 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf k|d'v g?nfn rf} w/ Ln] hgk|ltlglw åGåkLl8t;“u} / x] sf] atfpg'eof] . Ifdtf cg';f/ : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] kLl8tsf] kIfdf sfd ul/ / x] sf] eGb} pxf“n] lg/ fz gx'g cfu|x ug{'eof] . cfkm"nfO{ ;w} sdhf] / agfP/ s] xL k|fKt gx'g] eGb} rf} w/ Ln] åGåkLl8tsf ;d: ofk|lt cfkm"x? hfgsf/ / x] sf] atfpg'eof] .

n'lDagL k|b] z åGåkLl8t dlxnf / fli6«o ;~hfnsf n'lDagL k|b] z ;+of] hs rGb|snf pk|] tLsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf ;~hfnsf s] Gb|Lo dxf;lrj ;'zLnf rf} w/ Ln] åGåkLl8tnfO{ ;/ sf/ n] g;'g] sf] atfpg'eof] . åGåkLl8tsf sfo{qmddf cfpg ;d] t 5f8] sf] u'gf;f] ub{} pxf“n] cfTd;Ddfgdf rf] 6 k'¥ofpg] sfd gug{ cfu|x ug{'eof] . åGåkLl8t lx/ f rf} w/ Lsf] : jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmddf kLl8tx? uLtf zfx, lgd{nf yfkf, ;GWof l/ hfn, lrqfs'df/ L bdfO{n] af] Ng'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f ;x;+of] hs ;l/ tf yfkfn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

kl/ifb\sf] 5Gb;+ud kl/of]hgf sfo{ Jojxf/d} ptfb}{ t'n;Lk'/ o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf 3f] / fxL, ! k'; . / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\ lhNnf zfvf bfªn] lgoldt¿kdf ;~rfng ub{} cfO/ x] sf] 5Gb;+ud sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/ ] sf] 5 . kl/ ifb\ bfª zfvfsf] cfof] hgfdf ^( cf} + >[+vnf cGtu{t 5Gb;+ud sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\ lhNnf zfvf bfªsf cWoIf bLks zdf{ -;dL/ _ sf] cWoIftf Pj+ / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\sf ;Nnfxsf/ jl/ i7 ;flxTosf/ pQds[i0f dHu} of“sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf ;flxTosf/ x¿ pQds[i0f dHu} of“, k'¿iff] Qd vgfn, sdndl0f b] jsf] 6f, gf/ fo0f g] kfn, 8f lxdnfn kGyL, vu/ fh Gof} kfg] , a'g' nfld5fg] , ;Gtf] if >] i7, k|sfz s] ;L, xl/ k|;fb kf} 8] n -: j0f{lzvf_,

wgl;+x lu/ L, ;'/ ] zs'df/ kf08] o, ljgf / f] sf, d'lQmk|;fb kf] v] nnufotn] / rgf jfrg ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\sf s] Gb|Lo cWoIf 6Lsf/ fd pbf;Ln] z'esfdgf dGtJo AoQm ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf cIfosf] if ;+: yfks rGb|k|sfz b] jsf] 6f, ;flxTosf/ 8f= nf] s/ fh k/ fh'nL, b] J] Gb|s'df/ l/ hfn, uf] kfn e';fn, lul/ / fh kGyL, hLjL lrGtg, dx] zs'df/ Gof} kfg] , g/ ] z vgfn, laxfgL >] i7nufotsf] pkl: ylt lyof] . sfo{qmddf jflrt / rgfx¿sf] ;dLIff ;flxTosf/ gf/ fo0f g] kfnn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . kl/ ifb\ bfª zfvfsf ;b: o ljgf / f] sfsf] : jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f kl/ ifb\ bfª zfvf ;lrj k|sfz s] ;Ln] ug{' ePsf] lyof] .

Pdfn] d]o/ pDd]bjf/ k"j{/fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] clegGbg ;ldltsf] ;+of]hs o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf a'6jn, ! k'; . ;'Gbf crDd nfu] klg dfG5] n] sltj] nf s'g ?k k|s6 u5{ yfxf kfpg d'lZsn 5 . s'/ f xf] g] skf Pdfn] af6 ut : yfgLo lgjf{rgdf ?kGb] xLsf] l;4fy{gu/ gu/ kflnsfsf] gu/ k|d'v kbdf pDd] bjf/ ePsf 8f= / fdk|;fb a: ofnsf] . a'6jndf k"j{/ fhf 1fg] Gb| zfxnfO{ clegGbg ug{ u7g ePsf] d"n ;df/ f] x ;ldltsf] ;+of] hsdf a: ofn rog x'g' ePsf] 5 . k"j{/ fhf 1fg] Gb| k';sf] bf] ;|f] ;ftf ?kGb] xLsf] e} / xjf cfpg] sfo{qmd to ePsf] 5 . e} / xjfsf k'/ fgf jfdkGyL g] tf a: ofn Pdfn] sf] n'lDagL k|b] z sld6Lsf k"j{;Nnfxsf/ ;d] t

v'zLsf] va/ xfdLsxfF ljjfx, kf6L{, uf]i7Lsf] nflu k~r]] afhfsf] Joj:yf 5 . ;fy} l;nfO{ ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd ul/G5 .

x'g'x'G5 . pxF“nfO{ ut : yfgLo lgjf{rgdf l;4fy{gu/ gu/ kflnsfsf] gu/ k|d'v kbdf g] skf Pdfnn] pDd] bjf/ agfPsf] lyof] . a: ofn g] kfnL sf+u|] ;sf pDd] bjf/ Ol: txfs vf+g;“u k/ flht x'g'ePsf] lyof] . 8f= a: ofnn] cfkm"n] Pdfn] 5fl8g;s] sf] t/ wd{ lg/ k] Iftf / k|b] z ;+/ rgfsf ljifodf kf6L{;“u c;xdt / x] sf] u'gf;f] ug'{eof] . b] z arfpg k"j{/ fhfn] ug] { / fd|f sfddf cfkm\gf] ] ;dy{g / x] sf] a: ofnn] atfpg'eof] . g] skf Pdfn] ?kGb] xLsf ;lrj o1 u} / ] n] a: ofn clxn] kf6L{sf] s'g} klg lhDd] jf/ Ldf g/ x] sf] atfpg'eof] . t/ klg kf6L{n] of] ljifonfO{ uDeL/ tfsf ;fy x] / ] sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] .

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf t'n;Lk'/ , ! k'; . t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf kl/ of] hgf sfo{nfO{ Jojxf/ d} sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg yfn] sf] 5 . kf7\ o qmddf kl/ of] hgf sfo{ ;dfj] z u/ ] klg ljBfyL{x?sf nflu c+sef/ k| b fg ug{ sfuhd} ;Lldt ePsf] 5 . t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] klxnf] r/0fdf @$ j6f dfWolds ljBfnodf kl/ of] hgf sfo{nfO{ Jojxf/ d} sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg yflnPsf] xf] . lzIff zfvfn] kl/ of] hgf sfo{nfO{ Jojxf/ d} ptfg{ @$ j6f dfWolds ljBfnosf kl/ of] hgf sfo{ ;+of] hsx?nfO{ k|lzIf0f u/ ] sf] 5 . zfvfn] ;+ o f] hsx?nfO{ ;dofjlw tf] s] / s' g –s' g If] q / ljifodf kl/ of] hgf tof/ kfg{ k|lta4tf ;d] t u/ fPsf] 5. gu/ k|d'v 6Lsf/ fd v8\sfn] lzIffsf] Jojxfl/ s kIfnfO{ Wofg lbb} kl/ of] hgf sfo{nfO{ ljBfyL{dfem clgjfo{

agfpg yflnPsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] z} lIfs ;'wf/ sf nflu ef} lts ;'wf/ sf ;fy} z} lIfs ;'wf/ sf k|of; yfngL ul/ Psf] atfpg' e of] . gu/ k| d ' v v8\sfn] lzIfsx?df of] Uotf kof{ K t eP klg To;nfO{ Jojxf/ d'vL agfpg k|fljlws kIfsf] 1fgdf ljz] if bVvn / fv] dfq} ljBfyL{nfO{ 1fg af“8\g ;lsg] atfpg'eof] . lzIff zfvfsf k| d ' v rqmaxfb'/ e08f/ Ln] pTs[i6 kl/ of] hgf sfo{ tof/ kfg] { ljBfnonfO{ ljz] if sfo{qmd cfof] hgf u/ ] / ;Ddfg tyf k'/ : s[t ul/ g] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] kl/ of] hgf sfo{ ljutdf sfuhdf dfq} ;Lldt b] lvPsfn] To;nfO{ Jojxf/ d} ptfg{] k|of; yflnPsf] atfpg'eof] . k|lzIfs b'uf{ kf08] n] ljBfnox? cfkm\ gf] dfq} ;'wf/ geO{ l5d] sL ljBfno ;' w f/ df nfUg' k g] { a t f p g ' e o f ] . p x f “ n ] ljZjJofkLs/ 0f;“u} ;a} ;Ifd / of] Uo aGg] dfu{ d f cl3 a9\g'kg] {df hf] 8 lbg'eof] .

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf t'n;Lk'/ , ! k'; . g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf] #! cf} + :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df klxnf] lbg cfOtaf/ t' n ;Lk' / –!& l: yt a] nem' 0 8L / + u zfnfdf ljleGg v] n k|ltof] lutf ;DkGg ul/ Psf] 5 . k| l tof] lutfsf] pb\ 3 f6g sfo{qmddf af] Nb} k|d'v cltly g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf ;Nnfxsf/ ;' b Lk uf} tdn] : jf: Yosf nflu v] ns"b, / fi6«sf nflu v] ns"b eGg] s'/ fnfO{ cfTd;ft ub} { dxf;+3n] cfkm\ gf] : yfkgf lbj;df v] ns"bnfO{ k| f yldstf lbPsf] eGb} of] k|ltof] lutfn] kqsf/ x? klg

: j: y x'gk' 5{ eGg] ;Gb] z lbPsf] atfpg'eof] . g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf pkfWoIf ;Gtf] if ;' j ] bLsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf k'?if kqsf/ x?aLr d} qLk" 0 f{ km" 6 an, dlxnf kqsf/ x?aLr s' ; L{ bf} 8 / ;Dk"0f{ OR5's kqsf/x?sf nflu 3} +6fkmf] / k|ltof] lutf cfof] hgf ul/ Psf] lyof] . dxf;+ 3 bfªn] cfkm\ g f] : yfkgf lbj; k'; ! b] lv $ ut] ;Dd ljljw sfo{ q mdx? u/ ] / dgfpg yfn] sf] pkfWoIf ;'j] bLn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . k|ltof] lutf pb\3f6g sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f dxf;+ 3 bfªsf ;lrj cf/ s] zLtnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

cfhsf] /fzLkmn nIdLwf/f Hof]ltif s]Gb| @)*).)(.)@ ut] ;f]djf/ ltlyM dfu{ z'Sn ifi6L, gIf]q M ztleiff

Hof]= k+= 8f= e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8] ;b:o– g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb\ df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%! ef/t )(!–(!@%&^^&)&

t'nf -/f,/L,?,/],/f] ,tf,tL,t",t] _M

;Dks{ M (*!)((*$^*, (*@@*^*(*@

j[if -O{,pm,P,cf] ,jf,lj,j",j] ,jf] _M

j[lZrs -tf] ,gf,gL,g",g] ,gf] ,of,oL,o"_M

z'4 kfgL rflxPdf

ldy'g -sf,sL,s",3,ª,5,s] ,sf] ,x_M

e08f/L jf6/ ;Knfo;{

lkpg] / 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu 7"nf] 6\of+s/ ePsf], #)) lkm6 ulx/fOaf6 af]l/ª ul/Psf] z'4 lkpg] kfgL pknAw 5 . ;Dks{ : yfgM )*@–%^##(#, (*!***%(&# 3f]/fxL–* -gofF a;kfs{b]lv klZrd_ bfª

kf6L{sf] vfB e08f/af6 rfdn / bftfx?sf] cGo ;fdu|L;lxt Ps sG6] g/ / fxt;lxt hfh/ sf] 6, ?s'dklZrd / ;Nofg k'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . ;a} ;fdu|L k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/ Lx?nfO{ x: tfGt/ 0f ug' { e Psf] lyof] . o;} u/ L hfh/ sf] 6 lrp/ L8f“8fsf e'sDk kLl8t sn] ljssf] 3/ lgdf{0f, ?s'd klZrd cf7 lj;sf] 6 5] kf/ ] sf dfgaxfb'/ ljssf] c: yfoL cfjf; lgdf{0f u/ L kLl8tnfO{ k'g: yfkgf u/ ] / kf6L{ dxf;lrj ljKnjn] hg;xfotf cleofg z' ? jft ug' { e Psf] lyof] . o;} u/ L d+l;/ ! b] lv !% ut] ;Dd / fKtL Ao"/ f] PsLs[t hg;xfotf 3'DtL 6Ld / :yfgLo kf6L{ ;ldltx?n] lj: t[t tYof+s

cfo pQd /xg]5 . p7\g'kg]{ /sd k|fKt x'g ;Sg]5 .

sfo{sf] l;nl;nfdf ljlzi6 JolQmsf] ;fy kfpg ;lsg]5 .

1fg, wd{, k/f]ksf/df a[l4, ;fdflhs sfo{ u/] /fd|f] .

cfkmGt Pj+ kl/jf/hgdf ;do clws lbg'knf{ .

wg' -o] ,of] ,ef,eL,e",w,kmf,9f,e] _M

dxTjfsf+IfL of]hgf Pj+ k/f]ksf/sf sfo{ k"/f x'g ;Sg]5g\ .

;f]r]sf sfd ;Dkfbg xf]nfg\ . cfly{s nfe x'g ;Sg]5 .

Jo:ttf, tgfj a[l4, pknlAw Go"g :jf:Yodf sdhf]/L .

cleJolQm, Ifdtf / wg ljBf a[l4 x'g ;Sg]5g\ .

ss{6 -xL,x",x] ,xf] ,8f,8L,8",8] ,8f] _M

ds/ -ef] ,hf,hL,h",h] ,hf],vf,vL,v",v] ,vf] ,uf,uL_M

l;+x -df,dL,d",d],df],6f,6L,6",6] _M

s'De -u",u] ,uf] ,;,;L,;',;] ,;f] ,b_M

sGof -6f],k,kL,k",if,0f,7,k],kf] _M

dLg -bL,b",y,em,~f,b] ,bf] ,rf,rL_M

k|]d / ldqtfsf] s'/fx?df a[l4 x'g]5 . c?sf] ljZjf; lhTg ;lsg]5 . gof“ of]hgftkm{ ;l/s eOg ;lsg]5 .

kfl/jfl/s hd36 Pj+ :jflbi6 ef]hg ;'v / ;'–cj;/ k|fKt xf]nf .

s'g} If]qsf] dha'/L Pj+ clws vr{sf] lbg /xg ;Sg]5 .

;+sng ug] {, elTsPsf] c: yfoL ;+/ rgfsf] Joj: yfkg ug] { / clt ljkGg, ;'Ts] / L lj/ fdL c;Qmx?sf] cfjf; lgdf{0f ug] { cleofg rnfPsf lyP . k"jL{ n'lDagL Jo"/ f] OGrfh{ kf] ln6Ao"/ f] ;b: o a;Gt ;Lsf] g] t[Tjdf ;Nofg / s] Gb|Lo ;b: o hfu[lt ;Lsf] g] t[Tjdf ?s'd klZrddf c: yfoL cfjf; lgdf{0f ul/ Psf 5g\ . o;} u/ L bfª lhNnfdf ;+sng ePsf] / fxt ;fdu|L sflt{s !* b] lv @# ut] ;Dd g] skf kf] ln6Ao"/ f] ;b: o c;n, / fKtL Jo" / f] OGrfh{ ;ljg, s] Gb|Lo ;b: o ;Demgf, k|bLk, rGb|nufotn] klZrd ?s'dsf kLl8tnfO{ ljt/ 0f u/ ] sf] lyof] .

3fOt] x?nfO{ pkrf/ ;xfotf

pknaw u/ fPsf] lyof] . ;Nofgsf kLl8tnfO{ ljt/ 0f ug{ lhNnf kf6L{ ;lrj dbgnfO{ lhDdf nufPsf] lyof] . o; If] qsf] kf6L{sf] Wofg e"sDk k|efljt If] qdf s] lGb|t u/ ] sf] hgfPsf] 5 . tLg r/ 0fdf rnfPsf] PsLs[t hg;xfotf cleofgdf / f] Nkf, bfª b] pv'/ L, slknj: t', ?kGb] xL, gjnk/ f;L, gjnk'/ , kfNkf, u'NdL c3f{vf“rL, Ko'7fg, klZrd ?s'd / ;Nofgsf rf/ ;o $) eGbf a9L : jo+;] js kl/ rfng ePsf] Jo"/ f] OGrfh{ ;ljgn] lj1lKtdfkm{t hfgsf/ L lbg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] cleofgdf ;xof] u ug],{ ;xefuL x'g] , k|]/ 0ff lbg] , ;xfg'e'lt lbg] ;a} nfO{ wGojfb lbg'ePsf] 5 .

Ps xhf/ kf“r ;o e|d0f le;fdf b'O{ ;o $^ gSsnL o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf sf7df8f} +, ! k'; . e|d0f le;fdf ljb] z hfg nfu] sf Ps xhf/ kf“‘r ;o o'jfeGbf a9Lsf sfuhft cWoog ubf{ b'O{ ;o $^ hgfsf] sfuhft gSsnL km] nf k/ ] sf] 5 . sf7df8f} + pkTosf ck/ fw cg';Gwfg sfof{nosf cg';f/ ;/ sf/ L sd{rf/ Ls} ;+nUgtfdf ;+ul7t?kdf o;/ L gSsnL sfuhft agfO dflg;nfO{ e|d0f le;fdf ljb] z k7fpg] u/ ] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;/ L ldn] dtf] df ljb] lzPsf clwsf+z Toxf“ 3'Dgsf nflu geO{ sfdsf nflu hfg] u/ ] sf 5g\ . z+sf: kb sfuhftsf] ljifodf uPsf] c;f] hb] lv g} k|x/ Ln] cg';Gwfg yfn] sf] lyof] . ;f] qmddf Ps xhf/ kf“r ;o !@ hgfsf sfuhft cWoog ubf{ To;dWo] b'O{ ;o

$^ sfuhft k|df0fkq, >d, gftf k|dfl0ft, k|x/ L l/ kf] 6{ / a} +s ljj/ 0fnufotsf sfuhft gSsnL b] lvPsf] kfOPsf] sfof{nosf k|jQmf k|x/ L pk/ LIfs / ljGb| / ] UdLn] atfpg'eof] . pQm sfuhft agfpg] JolQmsf] klxrfg ug{] / gSsnL sfuhftsf cfwf/ df s] –s;/ L ljb] z k7fOg] / x] 5 eGg] ljifodf cg';Gwfg ubf{ ;a} ldn] dtf] df sfd x'g] u/ ] sf] ;d] t kfOPsf] 5 . To;/ L cg';Gwfgsf qmddf ;/ sf/ L sd{rf/ L;lxt Ph] G6, sG;n6] G;L, 6«fen Ph] G;Ln] Po/ nfOG;nfO{ k|ltJolQm ? !) xhf/ b] lv !% xhf/ / cWofudgsf sd{rf/ LnfO{ k|ltJolQm ?= $) xhf/ b] lv %% xhf/ lbP/ ldn] dtf] df ldnfO k7fpg] b] lvPsf] kfOPsf] klg pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . ;f] xL cfwf/ df ldn] dtf] df ;+nUg Ph] G6, 6«feN;,

Po/ nfOG; / cWofudgsf sd{rf/ L;lxt #% hgfeGbf a9LnfO{ ljleGg ldltdf kqmfp u/ L ;Ël7t ck/ fw, lnvt;DaGwL s;'/ ;d] tsf ck/ fwdf cfjZos sf/ jfxL yflnPsf] 5 . ;f] xL cWoogsf cfwf/ df cWofudg sfof{nodf sfo{/ t sd{rf/ L;“u ldn] dtf] df gSsnL sfuhftsf cfwf/ df ljb] z k7fpg] / ljb] z k'u] kl5 dlxnfnfO{ 3/ ] n' sfdbf/ sf ?kdf nufOg] / zf] if0f;d] t x'g] tyf k'?ifn] ;d] t tf] lsPsf] sfd gkfO{ hf] lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufOg] u/ ] sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

To;/ L uPsfnfO{ kl5 : jb] zdf kmsf{pg;d] t sl7gfO x'g] u/ ] sf] k|x/ Lsf] lgisif{ 5 . cg';Gwfgsf qmddf pQm 36gfdf ;+nUg ePsf] kfOPkl5 lqe'jg cGt/ f{li6«o ljdfg: yn cWofudg sfof{nosf clws[t

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cleefjs;“u ljBfyL{ / xg] ePsfn] 3/ df lhDd] jf/ aGg lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo OsfO{ k|d'v b] jdl0f rf} w/ Ln] cfu|x ug'{eof] . pxf“n] sf] / f] gfsfndf !% dlxgf ljBfno aGb /x“bfsf] UofknfO{ ljz] if hf] 8 lbg ljBfnonfO{ lgb] z { g lbg'eof] . hu sRrf x'g glbg 5'6] sf] ljifo ;d] 6\g / ljBfyL{ lg?T;flxt x'g glbg ;a} n] Wofg lbg'kg] { pxf“sf] ;'emfj lyof] . pxf“n] cleefjsnfO{ ;fy s: tf] l;t u5{ k9fOdf ?lr 5 ls 5} g Wofg lbg' k 5{ eGg'eof] . ljBfnodf Ps xhf/ Ps ;o 5 hgf ljBfyL{ cWoog/ t / x] sf] k|wfgfWofks ;] dnfn dNnn] pNn] v ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ljBfnodf %% lzIfs sd{rf/ L / x] sf 5g\ . ut z} lIfs ;qdf (& k|ltzt a9L pQL0f{ ePsf] pxf“n] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . ljBfnodf rf/ j6f sIff sf] 7f cfjZos / x] sf] , vfhf vfg] 8fOlgª xnsf] cefj / x] sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . k|wfgfWofks dNnn] cfufdL jif{ cleefjs e] 63f6, cGtlq{mof ug] {, afndgf] lj1fgdf cfwfl/ t afnd} qL sIff ;~rfng, df] afOn l6eL OG6/ g] 6 nfu"kbfy{ b'Jo{;g lg/ fs/ 0f ug{ lj1sf] Joj: yfkg u/ L df] l6e] ;g sIff rnfpg] nufotsf sfo{qmd / x] sf] ;'gfpg'eof] .

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