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(Naya Yugbodh National Daily Dec. 31, 2022)

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dgf]l2ks cf}iflwsf] v'n]cfd Jofkf/ q ;Gtf]if vgfn 3f]/fxL, !% k'; . cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefu g]kfnu~hn] cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷)&( df ;ftj6f lhNnfdf !( j6f cf}iflw k;nnfO{ sf/jfxL ubf{ bfªdf dfq} tLgj6f cf}iflw k;nlj?4 cf}iflw P]g @)#% adf]lhd d'2f rnfof] . Pp6f lgnDagdf k¥of] . cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefusf] cg'udg / ph'/Ldf 5fglag ubf{ dfkb08 ljk/Lt ;~rfngdf cfPsf cf}iflw k;n sf/jfxLdf kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . bfªdf sf/jfxLdf k/]sf cf}iflw k;n nfu" tyf dgf]l2ks cf}iflwsf] /]s8{ g/fvL a]r]sf] cfwf/ klg /x]sf] cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 . clxn] klg nfu" tyf dgf]l2ks cf}iflwsf] v'n]cfd Jofkf/ x'g] u/]sf] cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefun] cg'udg u/]/ tof/ kf/]sf] /]s8{n] b]vfp“5 . nfu" tyf dgf]l2ks cf}iflw laqmL ljt/0f ubf{ 8fS6/sf] k"hL{sf cfwf/df /]s8{ /fv]/ dfq} a]Rg kfpg] sfg'gL k|fjwfg 5 . t/ clwsf+z cf}iflw k;ndf To;sf] /]s8{ gkfOg] u/]sf] cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefu atfp“5 . cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefu g]kfnu~h zfvfsL k|dv ' lgg' >]i7n] 8fS6/sf] k"hL{lagf cf}iflw lbg gkfOg] atfpg'xG' 5 .

PlG6afof]l6s / nfu" tyf dgf]l2ks cf}iflwsf] /]s8{ /fv]/ dfq} a]Rg'kg]{ pxf“sf] egfO 5 . …8fS6/sf] k"hL{ cg'?k PlG6afof]l6s lbg'kg]{ xf] . xfd|f] cg'udgdf k|ToIf?kdf k"hL{lag} PlG6afof]l6s lbPsf] b]Vg t kfPsf 5}gf}+

t/ nfu" tyf dgf]l2ks cf}iflwsf] kIfdf eg] nfk/jfxL b]lvG5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …nfu" tyf dgf]l2ks cf}iflwsf] xsdf cf}iflw P]g cg';f/ ;'/lIft e08f/0f ug'k{ g]{ / clen]v /fVg'kg]{ x'G5 . To;f] u/]sf] sd} dfq b]lvPsf] 5 .Ú cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefu g]kfnu~h zfvfsf] cg'udg cg';f/ *) k|ltztn] /]s8{ g} g/fv]/ nfu" tyf dgf]l2ks cf}iflw a]r]sf] b]lvPsf] pxf“n] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . …xfdLn] cg'udg u/]sf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ &) b]lv *) k|ltzt nfu" tyf dgf]l2ks cf}iflw a]Rbf k;nn] /]s8{ g/fv]sf] b]v]sf 5f}+ . nueu @) k|ltzt cf}iflw k;nn] dfq lgod cg';f/ /]s8{ /fv]sf] b]lvG5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …c? /fVg]x?n] /fv] klg cWofjlws /]s8{ g/fVg] kl/l:ylt klg b]lvG5 .Ú /]s8{ g} g/fvL a]Rbf 8fS6/sf] k"hL{lag} kf] a]r] ls eGg]

a':6/ vf]k Nofpg] ;/sf/L k|lqmof z'? o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf sf7df8f} +, !% k'; . ;/ sf/ n] l5d] sL b] zdf sf] / f] gf efO/ ;sf] ;+qmd0f al9/ x] sfn] cltl/ Qm dfqf -a': 6/ 8f] h_ sf nflu vf] k Nofpg] k|lqmof z'? u/ ] sf] 5. : jf: Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnon] a': 6/ 8f] hsf nflu vf] k Nofpg …EoflS;g / vf] ksf nflu Unf] an PnfoG; …ufeLÚnfO{ kq n] v] sf] 5 . : jf: Yo ;] jf ljefusf] kl/ jf/ sNof0f dxfzfvfsf] vf] k zfvfsf k|d'v ;fu/ bfxfnn] laxLaf/ !% nfv vf] ksf nflu …ufeLÚ nfO{ kq k7fOPsf] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . ufeLn] sf] EofS; ;'ljwfdfkm{t\ g] kfnnfO{ vf] k pknAw u/ fpg] 5 . …sf] / f] gf efO/ ;sf] ;+qmd0f a9\b}

uPkl5 a': 6/ vf] k nufpg vf] k Nofpgsf nflu lxhf] sf] EofS;nfO{ kq n] v] sf 5f} +Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …oxL k';sf] t] ;|f] xKtfdf sf] EofS;n] vf] k k7fpg] hfgsf/ L lbG5 .Ú pxf“n] vf] kaf/ ] hfgsf/ L k|fKt eO;s] kl5 rf“8} g} vf] k g] kfn Nofpg] atfpg'eof] . ;/ sf/ n] a': 6/ 8f] hsf nflu dfq k|of] u x'g] kmfOh/ vf] k Nofpg yfn] sf] xf] . cf} iflw Joj: yf ljefun] a': 6/ 8f] hsf nflu dfq k|of] u ul/ g] ePsfn] …cfsl: ds cg'dlt k|of] uÚ kq lbPkl5 vf] k zfvfn] sf] EofS;nfO{ kq k7fPsf] xf] . ljefusf k|jQmf ;Gtf] if s] ;Ln] a': 6/ 8f] hsf nflu dfq k|of] u ug{ ldNg] ePsfn] kl/ jf/ sNof0f dxfzfvfsf] vf] k zfvfnfO{ cg'dltsf nflu kq lbPsf] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] .

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gkg]{ u/L k|aGw ldnfOPsf] x'gk' 5{ . cf}iflwsf] u'0f:t/Lotfsf nflu dfGotfk|fKt l8n/;“u dfq} vl/b ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 . cf}iflwsf] laqmLsf nflu /fVbf Jojl:yt tl/sfn] /fVg'k5{ . lj/fdL jf aflx/L JolQmsf] kx'r “ gk'Ug] :yfgdf cf}iflw /fVg'k5{ . nfu" tyf dgf]l2ks cf}iflw tfnf aGb u/]/ ;'/lIft tl/sfn] /fVg'k5{ . o:t} dfkb08 ;+lxtfn] tf]s] klg To;sf] sfof{Gjog kIf eg] bfªdf lkmtnf] b]lvPsf] 5 . bfªdf t ;fdfGo ckgfpg'kg]{ dfkb08;d]t gckgfPsf] kfOPsf] cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefu g]kfnu~h zfvfsL k|dv ' >]i7 atfpg'xG' 5 . …cf}iflw laqmL ljt/0f ;+lxtfn] cf}iflw laqmL ug]n { ] Jofj;flostf emNsfpg] u/L Pk|f]g nufpg] eG5 Tof] b]lvb}g, kl/rokq leg]{ eG5 Tof] klg b]lvb}g, cf}iflw k;n cyjf kmfd]; { Ldf cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefudf btf{ ePsf] k|df0fkq 6f“; ug]{ eg]sf] 5, To;f] u/]sf] klg b]lvb}gÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …oL ;a} ;+lxtf ljk/Lt x'g\ . dfkb08df /x]/ Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ xfdLn] cg'/f]w ul//x]sf x'G5f},+ To;df Joj;foL ;hu x'gk' 5{ .Ú k"hL{lag} laqmL cf}iflw laqmL ljt/0f ;+lxtf @)&! sf] kl/R5]b–$ sf] -s_ n] cf}iflw k"hL{df lj/fdLsf] kl/ro -gfd, pd]/, ln+u_, k"hL{ n]vgstf{sf] gfd 7]ufgf / k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhdsf] kl/ifb btf{ gDa/, /f]usf] klxrfg -cg'dflgt jf olsg ePsf]_, cf}iflwsf] gfd, zlQm, agf]6, dfqf / kl/df0f, af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

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ut] d]nf ;~rfng x'g nfu]sf] clxn] !( jif{ k'Uof] . Nxf];f/sf] cj;/df d]nf eg{ cfpg] dfG5]sf] ;+Vofn] sdnh+u u'?ª z'qmaf/ pT;flxt b]lvg'ePsf] lyof] . u'?ª ;d'bfosf dlxnf k'?if u'?ª kf]zfsdf ;lhP/ d]nfdf cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ eg] cGo ;d'bfosf dlxnf k'?if klg ;xefuL x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . td' Nxf];f/sf] cj;/df u'?ª ;d'bfon] ;]n /f]6L, df;'sf kl/sf/ tyf hf“8 lkpg] rng 5. cfkmGt tyf l5d]sx? e]nf eP/ ;f]/7L, 3f6' gfRg] / nf]sbf]xf]/Ldf ;d]t /dfOnf] ug]{ rng u'?ª ;d'bfodf 5 . u'?ª ;d'bfon] Nxf];f/sf] cj;/df gfrufg ug{ @)^@ ;fnb]lv z'? u/]sf] sfo{qmd clxn] d]nfdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . d]nfdf :yfgLo pTkfbg

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b]pv'/L, !% k'; . s'/Lltlj?4 cleofg yfn]sf n'lDagL k|b]zsf lszf]/ lszf]/L Ps} 7fp“df e]nf eP . Tof] cj;/ v]ns"bn] h'/fof] . k|b]z:t/Lo elnjn k|ltof]lutfn] ^ lhNnfsf lszf]/ lszf]/L Ps} 7fp“df e]nf ePsf x'g\ . elnjn v]Ng dfq} geO{ Ps csf{sf] aLrdf ;xsfo{sf] efjgfsf] ljsf; ug{ cleofg ;kmn ePsf] slknj:t'sf ldngs'df/ rf}w/Ln] atfpg'eof] . …v]nn] xfdLnfO{ Ps 7fp“df k'¥ofof] . oxf“ xfdLn] ufp“3/df x'b“ f s'/Llt s';:+ sf/lj?4 yfn]sf cleofgsf] af/]df ;d]t rrf{ u¥of}Ú+ – pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …;fyLx?sf] aLrdf efjgfTds?kdf Pstf ePsf] 5 .Ú lszf]/fj:yf hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yf xf] . o; a]nf lszf]/ lszf]/Lx?n] cfkm"nfO{ kl/kSj / alnof] agfpg ;d]t o:tf cleofgn] sfd u/]sf] 5 . n'lDagL k|b]zsf ^ lhNnfdf lszf]/ lszf]/Lsf] CMYK

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eP/ gc6] kl5 !) hgfnfO{ k|zf;lgs ejgdf / flvPsf] lyof] . laxLaf/ ;f“em rf/ hgf u|Lnsf] lsnf lgsfn] / e] lG6n] 6/ af6 efu] sf] k|x/ Ln] atfPsf] 5 . ;dfh;] jL hos] z l;+xn] rf/ ljufx b'O{ s7\7f hUuf pknAw u/ fPkl5 u[xdGqfnon] Toxf“ afn ;'wf/ u[x agfPsf] 5 . pd] / gk'Ub} ck/ fw ug] {nfO{ Toxf“ / fVg] ul/ Psf] 5 . afnssf nflu sf/ fuf/ g} dflgPsf] afn ;'wf/ u[xdf rf} lj;} 306f k|x/ Lsf] ;'/ Iff / xg] ub{5 . t/ klg Toxf“af6 k6s–k6s cleo'Qm km/ f/ eO/ x] sf 5g\ . afn ;'wf/ u[xaf6 afns km/ f/ x'g] / s] xL lbgkl5 k|x/ Ln] km] nf kfg] { v] nh: t} ePsf] 5 . o;k6s eg] Ps} k6s rf/ hgf efu] sfn] Toxf“sf] ;'/ Iffdf uDeL/ k|Zg p7fp“b} 5fglag ;ldlt u7g ul/ Psf] 5 . af“s] sf ;xfos k|d'v

lhNnf clwsf/ L 6f] k] Gb|axfb'/ s] ;Lsf] ;+of] hsTjdf 5fglag ;ldlt u7g ul/ Psf] 5 . ;ldltdf cg';Gwfg ljefu, k|x/ L / sf/ fuf/ sf k|ltlglw / x] sf 5g\ . k|x/ Ln] cfGtl/ s?kdf 5fglag ug{ 5'6\6} ;ldlt agfpg] tof/ L u/ ] sf] 5 . af“s] k|x/ L k|jQmf l8P;kL / fdk|;fb 3tL{n] km/ f/ ePsf afnssf] vf] hL eO/ x] sf] atfpg'eof] . k|x/ Ln] laxLaf/ ;f“emb] lv g} htftt} vf] h] klg km] nf kfg{ ;s] sf] 5} g . afn ;'wf/ u[x PsfGt 7fp“df 5 . To;sf] s] xL 6f9f ufp“ 5 . Toxf“af6 g] kfnu~htkm{ cfpg / ;Ldfkf/ L ef/ t hfg plQs} 6f9f 5 . k|x/ Lsf] glhssf] a: tLsf ;fy} gfsfx?df s8fO u/ ] sf] 5 . ck/ fw sd{ ug{ k'u] sfx? afns elgP klg Toxf“ / flvPsf s] xL JolQm pd] / k'u] sf] klg / x] sf] a'lemPsf] 5 .

t'n;Lk'/df Nxf];f/ d]nf k|b]zsf] ljljlwtfnfO{ ;DklQsf] tyf laqmLsf nflu Aofkf/Ln] ljleGg k|sf/sf Aofkf/ Aoj;fo u/]sf 5g\ . Nxf];f/ dgfpg ul/Psf] e]nf clxn] :yfgLo d]nfsf ?kdf ljsf; x'b“ f :yfgLo df]xg u'?ª v'zL x'gx' G' 5 . …xfdLx?n] ;f]r]sf] d]nf lgs} 7"nf] ePsf] 5Ú– u'?ªn] eGg'eof]– …Pp6f ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 .Ú u'?ª ;d'bfon] dgfpg] Nxf];f/ kj{ ljleGg !@ hgaf/sf] gfddf /x]sf] 5 .

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Saturday, 31 Dec., 2022

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cfhsf] ckl/xfo{tf M k|z+;gLo vf]hsf] cfjZostf ut ;ftf @)&( k'; ! ut] b] lv $ ut] ;Dd -rf/ lbg_ sf7df8f} Fsf] tLgs'g] glhs afudtL gbLsf] lsgf/l: yt Jo~hgf xfp;df Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ k|lzIf0fsf] cfof] hgf ul/ Psf] lyof] . hf] Eastern Research Institute of Positive Science …;sf/ fTds lj1fgsf] k"jL{o cWoog ;+: yfÚ åf/ f cfof] lht Appreciative Inquiry (A.I.) cyf{t\ …k|;+;gLo vf] h b[li6sf] 0fÚ ljifos Training of Trainers Úk|lzIfs k|lzIf0fÚ sfo{qmd lyof] . g] kfnsf ljleGg If] qdf lqmofzLn em08} b'O{ bh{g k|lzIffyL{x¿n] efu lnPsf lyof} F . of] kª\ltsf/ nfO{ klg pQm k|lzIf0fdf ;dfj] z x'g] z'ecj;/ ldNof] . h'g rf/ lbg] pknlAwk"0f{ k|lzIf0faf6] k|fKt u/ ] sf] cg'ej Pj+ cg'e"ltnfO{ oxfF pNn] v ug{ o'lQm;+ut 7fg] F . ha;Dd xfdLn] cfkm} nfO{ / fd|f] ;Fu lrGg of a'‰g ;Sb} gf} F ta;Dd cNdndf kl/ / xG5f} F cyf{t\ rqmAo"xdf kml;/ xG5f} F . o;} u/ L ha;Dd xfdL : jo+n] cfkm"leq} / x] sf] dxfg zlQmzfnL u'0fnfO{ s] nfpFb} cl3 a9\b} gf} F ta;Dd xfdLn] ;f] r] h: tf] ;kmntf xfl;n ug} { ;Sb} gf} F . xfdL sltkon] cfkm"nfO{ ;w} F g} …Jo: t 5f} FÚ t eG5f} F t/ hLjg vf;} pknlAwk"0f{ gx'Fbf c: tJo: t cj: yf ef] lu/ x] sf x'G5f} F . ;fFRr} g} xfdLn] ul/ / x] sf sfd pknlAwk"0f{ 5} gg\ eg] lsg o;/ L …Jo: t 5'Ú eg] / cfkm"nfO{ g} 9fFl6/ x] sf 5f} F of cfkm} nfO{ g} c: tJo: t agfO/ x] sf 5f} F t < of] ] rfgr'g] s'/ f klg xf] Og . of] t Ps uDeL/ Pj+ lgs} g} ;f] rgLo ljifo xf] . lsgls cfh clwsf+z dflg;x¿ cfˆgf] jf: tljs nIodf lx8\g ghfg] / cyf{t stflt/ hfg] eGg] dfu{lrq sf] g} { g;s] / g} …s'lx/ f] sf] sfuem} FÚ agL cfˆg} lhGbuLnfO{ c: tJo: t agfO/ x] sf] cj: yf 5 . of] g} Pp6f k|z+;gLo vf] h b[li6sf] 0fsf] cefj xf] . ctM xfdLn] ;f] r] h: tf] kl/ 0ffd xfl;n ug{ of : jo+ cfkm} nfO{ g} kl/ jt{g ug{ k|z+;gLo vf] h b[li6sf] 0f g} cfhsf] ckl/ xfo{ cfjZostf / x] 5 eg] / a'‰g ;lsG5 . ltvf{ To;} d] l6b} g, kfgL lkpgsf nflu d'xfg;Dd k'Ug} k5{ . cyf{t kfgL / fv] sf] efF8f] af6 lunf;df xfn] / xftsf] ;xf/ fn] cf] F7 d'v;Fu hf] 8\g} k5{ . jf: tjdf of] s'/ f t cfkm} n] g} lgofNg] xf] , cyf{t\ cfkm} n] g} cfTdlrGtg ug] { s'/ f xf] . cfkm} n] g} cg'e"t u/ ] / o;nfO{ cfTd;ft ug] { s'/ f xf] . pbfx/ 0fsf] ¿kdf lng'kbf{ h;/ L Pp6f s: t/' L d[un] cfˆg} z/ L/ df ePsf] ljgf¿lk jf;gfnfO{ lrGg g;Sbf To;s} vf] lhdf ;f/ f ag hËne/ L plk|m–plk|m ef} Ftfl/ / x] sf] x'G5 . xf] , To: t} xfdLn] klg cfkm} leqsf] jf: tljs u'0f Pj+ IfdtfnfO{ s] nfpg / phfu/ ug{ g;s] / g} ;f] r] h: tf] kl/ 0ffd xfl;n ug{ ;ls/ x] sf x'Fb} gf} F . gLltzf: qdf jl0f{t Pp6f egfOnfO{ hf] 8f} F …Tof] s'g af] 6 la?jf xf] nf h;df s'g} cf} iflw gxf] ;\, Tof] s'g cIf/ xf] nf h;df s'g} dGq gxf] ;\, Tof] s'g dfG5] xf] nf h;df s'g} u'0f gxf] ;\ .Ú jf: tjdf xfdL ;a} dfG5] df s] xL g s] xL u'0fo'Qm ljz] iftf / x] sf] x'G5, t/ o;nfO{ lrGg / phfu/ ug{ ;Sg' kbf{] / x] 5 . jf: tjdf k|z+;gLo vf] h b[li6sf] 0fnfO{ lgofNg Tolt ufx|f] s'/ f klg t sxfF / x] 5 / < kl/ jt{gsf/ L ;kgf M h;n] hLjgdf ;kgf b] V5 Tof] dfG5] g} cufl8 a9\g;S5 . ;kgfx¿ ;a} n] b] Vb} gg\ / b] v] sf ;kgfx¿ klg ;f] r] hlt ;kmn x'Fb} gg\ . xf] , ;kgfn] dfG5] sf] hLjgnfO{ kl/ jt{g ug{ ;S5 . hLjgnfO{ abNg rfxg] x¿sf] ;kgf rfgr'g] vfnsf] x'Fb} g klg . x'g klg cfkm"nfO{ kl/ jt{g rfxg] dfG5] x¿sf ;kgfx¿ ljzfn x'G5g\ . jf: tjdf pknlAwk"0f{ ;kgfx¿ g} dflg;sf] hLjg kl/ jt{gsf ;+jfxs x'g\ . ;a} n] b] Vg] u/ ] sf oL ;kgfx¿ lsg k"/ f x'Fb} gg\ t < s] xfdLn] b] lv/ x] sf tL ;kgfx¿ c;Dej of a9L g} dxTjfsf+IfL 5g\ t < xf] , cfh ;kgfn] g} w] / } dflg;x¿sf lhGbuL ablnPsf 5g\ . To: tf dfG5] x¿n] cfh of] ;+;f/ df cfˆgf] 5'§} klxrfg agfO;s] sf k|z: t pbfx/ 0fx¿ e] l6G5g\ . t/ ;fx;, k|lta¢tf / ;+3if{lagf o: tf ;kgfx¿ k"/ f x'g} ;Sb} gg\ . h;sf nflu ;sf/ fTds ;f] rsf] ljsf;;Fu} 7"nf] Tofu Pj+ ;dk{0f eg] rflxG5 g} . jf: tjdf hLjg kl/ jt{gsf/ L ;kgf s: tf] x'G5 t < egfO 5 …;kgf Tof] xf] Og ha Tof] ;kgfn] s'g} k|efj g} kfb} {g, ;kgf t Tof] xf] h;n] hLjg kl/ jt{gdf 7"nf] e"ldsf v] Ng ;S5 .Ú To;} n] t elgG5– …lgbfPsf] a] nf b] lvg] ;kgf dfq ;kgf xf] Og ls jf: tljs ;kgf Tof] xf] h;n] lgbfpg lbFb} g . To;} n] b[9 ;ÍNk¿lk ;sf/ fTds lrGtg af] s] sf kl/ b[Zox¿ g} jf: tljs ;kgf

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To;} n] ;kgf t Tof] xf] , hf] r] tg cj: yfd} cyf{t ljkgfd} b] lvg] dxfg nIo¿lk efjgf . oxL ;sf/ fTds efjgf;Fu} oyf;dod} cfjZostf, Ifdtf, ;do / pklAwnfO{ / fd|f] ;Fu klxrfg ug{ ;lsof] eg] hLjg lhpgsf nflu ;/ n tl/ sf ckgfpg ;lsG5 . h;n] xfd|f] hLjg lhpg] snfnfO{ ;/ n, ;xh Pj+ ;Ifd agfpg d2t ub{5 . ;sf/ fTds b[li6sf] 0fn] cjZod] j ;kmn eOG5 eg] / lrGtgzLn aGg clek|] l/ t ub{5 . ;sf/ fTds ;f] r cyf{t lrGtg M elgG5 No think is impossible in this world, if the inner mind assepts it. cyf{t olb leqL dgn] : jLsfl/ of] eg] of] ;+;f/ df c;Dej eGg] s'/ f s'g} klg 5} g . h;sf nflu ;sf/ fTds ;f] rsf] eg] h?/ t k5{ . olb xfd|f] dgleq gsf/ fTds efjn] alnof] h/ f uf8\of] eg] s'g} klg sfo{af6 l;l¢ k|flKt x'g} ;Sb} g . lsgls s'g} klg sfo{ cfkm} df ;lhnf] / cK7] / f] 5'l§P/ cfPsf] x'Fb }g . vfnL o;/ L 5'6o\ fpg] s'/ f t dfG5] sf] ;f] rdf lge{/ x'G5 .

To;} n ] cfF6 ePsf / cfF6 gePsf dfG5] sf] ;Gbe{df Pp6f egfO g} 5– …s'g } 7"nf] of cK7] / f ] elgPsf] sfdnfO{ Pp6f cfFl6nf] cyf{t ;sf/ fTds ;f] r ePsf] dfG5] n ] eG5 … of] sfd ug{ sl7g t 5, t/ ;DkGg ug{ ;lsG5 .Ú o: t} csf{ ] cfF6 gePsf] cyf{t sdhf] / ;f] r ePsf] dfG5] n] eGg] u5{ …of] sfd ug{ t ;lsG5, t/ lgs} sl7g 5 .Ú ;fx;Ln] sl7g b] v ] klg ;S5' eG5 . t/ sdhf] / n ] ;Sg] eP klg sl7g b] V5 j; km/ s olQ g} xf] . lglZrGt¿kdf eGg ;lsG5 ls ;sf/ fTds ;f] r¿lk k|z;+ gLo vf] hsf] b[li6sf] 0fn] ;kmntfsf] dfu{df cjZo k'¥ofpF5 . olb xfdL k|ulttkm{ pGd'v x'g' 5 eg] Jo: ttfb] lv sbflk cflQg' eg] x'Fb} g . Jo: t x'g' g} dflg;sf nflu cltpQd s'/ f xf] . dflg; hLjgdf ;b} j lqmofzLn cyf{t sd{zLn x'gk' b{5 . To;} n] dflg; lrGtfdUg x'g] xf] Og ls ;b} j lrGtgzLn aGg'kb{5 . lsgls elgG5 … lrGtfn] lrtfdf k'¥ofpF5 eg] lrGtgn] s'g} klg sfo{df ultzLn agfpF5 .Ú cyf{t lrGtg–dggn] dfgjLo ;f] rnfO{ pRr agfO{ k|ultsf] dfu{df nfUg clek|] l/ t ul/ / xG5 . x/ ] s dflg;df s'g} g s'g} OR5f clenfiff cyf{t dxTjfsf+Iff x'g' c: jfefljs xf] Og : jfefljs} s'/ f xf] . tyflk cy{xLg Pj+ c;Lldt dxTjfsf+IffeGbf cfzftLt dxTjfsf+Iff pkof] uLl;¢ x'G5 . h;sf] kl/ 0ffd: j¿k dflg;nfO{ ;Gtl'i6sf] laGb'df k'¥ofpF5 . ;f] r, vf] h, b[li6sf] 0f / pknlAw M dfgj dl: tis ;sf/ fTds Pj+ gsf/ fTds b'O{ k|sf/ sf ljifoj: tn ' ] el/ Psf] Ps lsl;dsf] lj/ f] wfefifL k': ts xf] . o;} u/ L dl: tis t Pp6f vfnL v] t xf] . hxfF cg] s ljrf/ pd|g ;S5g\ . elgG5 …vfnL lbdfu t s] jn afFemf] hldg ;/ x dfq xf] .Ú h;/ L h'g hldgdf v] tL ul/ G5 ToxfFsf] pAhgL x/ fe/ f x'G5 / hxfF v] tL ul/ Fb} g Tof] hldg afFemf] g} x'G5 . o: t} of] pj{/ dl: tisdf xfd|f] l;h{gzLntf kv] {/ a;] sf] x'G5 . xf] , o;} nfO{ lelqdgn] lrGg ;lsof] cyf{t\ ;dosf] ultnfO{ lgofNg ;lsof] eg] g} x/ fe/ f x'g;S5 . h;/ L s[lifof] Uo pj{/ e"lddf klg pko'Qm df} ;dsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . xf] , oxL pko'QmtfnfO{ a'‰g ;lsof] eg] g} xfdLn] rfx] sf] j: t' pd|G5, ;k|G5 clg kmn klg k|fKt x'G5 . To;} n] xfd|f] dl: tisn] klg l;h{gzLntfk"0f{ z'ecj;/ vf] lh/ x] sf] x'G5 . oxL cj;/ nfO{ leq} af6 lrGg ;Sof} F eg] dfq xfd|f] ;f] rn] ;fy{stf kfpF5 . To;} n] x/ ] s ;do v] / gkmfn] / , s] xL g s] xL ;sf/ fTds s'/ f ;f] r] / dfq sfo{ ug{' / ;f] xL cg';f/ ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg' g} hLjgsf] ;fy{stf xf] . t/ cg] s lrGtf u/ ] / dfq of] lbdfunfO{ v] / kmfNg' eg] sf] hLjgnfO{ lg/ ; Pj+ lg/ y{s agfpg vf] Hg' xf] . xf] , To;} n] t elgG5 …vfnL lbdfu t s] jn z} tfgsf] 3/ xf] .Ú jf: tjdf hLjg xfd|f] cfˆg} ;f] r ljrf/ df g} lge{/ / x] sf] x'G5 . xfd|f] ;f] r h: tf] 5 To: t} xfdLn] u/ ] sf] sfo{sf] kl/ 0ffd klg To: t} g} lgisG5 . s'g} sfo{ ;Lldt : jfy{l;¢ ug] { p2] Zon] ul/ Psf] 5 eg] To;sf] kl/ 0ffd klg Ifl0fs cyf{t ;Lldt tj/ sf] x'G5 eg] h'g sfo{ lg;+sf] r jf ;+sL0f{tflagf ul/ Psf] x'G5 Tof] lbuf] Pj+ pknlAwd"ns x'G5 . xfdLleq ljBdfg / x] sf] Ps dgn] eG5 …of] sfd u/ f} +Ú / csf{] dgn] eG5 …of] sfd gu/ f} + .Ú o: t} u/ f} + of gu/ f} +d} slt ;do;Dd xfdL cNdlNn/ xG5f} + . oxL cNdNofOdf xfd|f] cd"No ;do v] / uO/ x] sf] x'G5 . o;/ L ljt] sf] cd"No ;do km] l/ kms] {/ cfpFb} g . To;} n] s'g} klg sfd xfdLn] Psbd

l56f] 5l/ tf] tj/ n] tg, dg, arg nufP/ ug{k' g] { x'G5 . lsgls kZrftfkn] s] xL s'/ f k|fKt x'g] jfnf 5} g vfnL lrGtf afx] s . a? s'g} sfdk|lt cfˆgf] rf;f] g} 5} g eg] Tof] sfd gug] { g} lg0f{o ubf{ plrt x'G5 . t/ bf] wf/ df s'g} klg sfo{ ug{' plrt x'Fb} g . ;f] rfO / u/ fO M Pp6f cToGt} dxfTjk"0f{ egfO 5– …hLjgdf Tof] dflg; c;kmn x'G5, hf] ;f] lr/ xG5 s] xL ub} {g / hf] ul/ / xG5 s] xL ;f] Rb} g .Ú x'g klg x/ ] s sfdx¿ g t s] jn ;f] r] / dfq} k"/ f x'G5g\ g t u/ ] / dfq} k"/ f . ;f] rfO / u/ fOsf] tfnd] nn] dfq sfo{ k"/ f ug{ ;lsG5 . cfh s} og dflg;x¿ c;kmn ePsf] sf/ 0f klg t oxL g} xf] . pbfx/ 0fsf] ¿kdf Pp6f dfG5] k9] n] v] sf] 5, Odfgbf/ 5, s] xL ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf klg 5 / lgs} g} ;f] r ljrf/ ul/ / xG5 t/ klg p;n] hLjgdf s'g} ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;Sb} g . clg o: t} csf] { dfG5] lgs} hfFul/ nf] 5, Odfgbf/ klg 5 / cys kl/ >d klg ul/ / xG5, To;n] klg vf;} pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;ls/ x] sf] x'Fb} g . o: t} t] ;f| ] dfG5] oL dflysf ;a} u'0fn] o'Qm 5 clg p;n] ;f] r ljrf/ u5{ / nugzLntfk"j{s sfd klg u5{ p;n] eg] nIo adf] lhd cjZod] j ;kmntf xfl;n u5{ . klxnf pbfx/ 0f lbOPsf oL b'O{ ;Rrf dflg;x¿ lsg hLjgdf ;kmn x'g ;Sb} gg\ t < xf] , o;sf] sf/ 0f xf] cufl8 elgP h: t} Pp6fn] ;f] lr/ xg] t/ s] xL gug] { / csf{] n] ul/ / xg] t/ s] xL g;f] Rg] eP/ g} xf] eg] t] ;f| ] n] ;f] Rg] clg ug] { eP/ g} ;kmn aGg ;s] sf] xf] . oxL g} k|z+;gLo vf] h b[li6sf] 0fsf nflu ;jn kIf xf] . of] ;a} dfgjLo ;f] r, vf] h / b[li6sf] 0fdf e/ kg] { s'/ f xf] . h;sf nflu ;sf/ fTds ;f] r Pj+ k|z+;gLo vf] hsf] h?/ L k5{ . xfd|f ] ;f+: sfl/ s ;f] r, d"No / dfGotf M xfd|f] ;f+: sfl/ s ;f] r klg a8f] cgf} 7f] sf] 5 . xfdLn] ofqf ubf{ la/ fnf] b] lvof] eg] …;fOt lalu|of] Ú eGg] u5f} {+. la/ fnf] b] lvFbf s'g} b] zsf dfG5] sf nflu df;' vfg dg nfUg] , s'g} b] zsf dflg;sf nflu ;fOt ;k|g] t/ xfdL g] kfnLsf nflu eg] ;fOt lau|g] < jf: tjdf of] klg cf– cfˆg} ;f] r ljrf/ / k/ Dk/ fut dfGotfsf] cgf} 7f] rng g} xf] . o;} u/ L ;fOt x] / fOdf hftLo e] befjsf] ljifo ;d] t hf] l8Psf] kfOG5 . o;df zf: qLo cfwf/ Pj+ 7f] ; k|df0f eg] st} kfOFb} g . klxn] b] lv h] h: tf] rfnrng rNb} cfof] ToxL cg';f/ g} ;dfhdf o: t} 5fk a: b} uof] clg dfgjLo d"No / dfGotf klg To;} df g} ;Lldt x'Fb} uof] . o;n] lg/ Gt/ tf kfpFbf kfpFbf dfg;k6nleq ulx/ f] 5fk kfb} { uof] . cfh ofqf ug] { a] nf la/ fnf] b] lvbf jf s'g} hfthflt ljz] if b] lvbf ;fOt lau|G5 eGg yflnof] . x'g ;S5 Tolt a] nf la/ fnf] b] lv;s] kl5 s;} sf] sfd lalu|of] xf] nf clg of] Ps ;fdflhs dfGotf aGb} uof] .

To;} n] o: tf dfGotfx¿df s'g} j} 1flgs Pj+ tYok"0f{ cfwf/ g} 5} g . lsgls of] t s'g} klg s'/ fsf] tYo k|df0f vf] Hg] j} 1flgs o'u xf] . xf] , kz'x¿df klg s'g} 36gfsf] ;f+s] lts zlQm Pj+ k|efj x'g;S5 . o;/ L ;fOt lau|g] eg] kSs} klg j} 1flgs tYo xf] Og xf] nf . ;w} F ultzLntftkm{ cu|;/ dfG5] cfˆgf] sfo{kl| t nugzLn x'G5 . kfun o; dfg] df ls kf–kfpgsf nflu, u–ultzLntfk"j{s, n–nIodf nfu] sf] JolQm eGg] a'‰g'k5{ . pbfx/ 0fsf] ¿kdf eGg' kbf{ s'g} j] nf xjfOhxfhsf cflj: sf/ s / fO6 a|b;{nfO{, ljZjk|l;¢ j} 1flgs yf] D;cNjf Pl8;gnfO{, otf g] kfndf klg dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b] jsf] 6fnfO{ / o: t} ljZjsf dxfg k'?ifx¿nfO{ dflg;x¿n] kfun eGy] . lsgls pgLx¿ cfˆgf] sfo{ ;kmntfsf If] qdf lg/ Gt/ nfuLk/ ] sf kf–u–n g} lyP / t ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;s] . To;} n] x/ ] s ;kmntf b[9tfk"j{s cyf{t\ nugzLntfk"j{ssf] cfTdfljZjf;df e/ k5{ . k|To] s If] qdf ;kmntf kfpg System a'‰g'k5{ . ;d: o} ;d: ofsf] klxrfg dfq ;dfwfg xf] Og, gjLgtd k4ltsf] ;f] r ljrf/ k"0f{ hLjgz} nLsf] ljsf; g} k|z+;gLo vf] hk"0f{ b[li6sf] 0f xf] eGg] s'/ f a'‰g cfjZos 5 . s] xf] t k|z; + gLo vf] h b[li6sf] 0f < M jf: tjdf x/ ] s dflg;df Ifdtf cfkm"leq} ljBdfg / x] sf] x'G5, s] jn o;nfO{ phfu/ ug{' dfq k5{ . o;} u/ L ;kmntf cfkm} n] g} k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5, s] jn o;sf] ;Tdfu{ klxNofg' dfq k5{ . ha …d ug{ ;S5'Ú eGg] ;sf/ fTds Pj+ ultzLn wf/ 0ff dgdf hfu[t x'G5 ta h'g;'s} sfddf klg ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 . h'g ;sf/ fTds ;f] rn] cfkm"leqsf] lxgtfaf] wnfO{ Go"g ub} { kl/ jt{gsf] lbzftkm{ dfu{lgb] {z u5{ . k|z+;gLo vf] h b[li6sf] 0fn]

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…u' zAbsf] cy{ cGwsf/ -c1fg_ / ? zAbsf] cy{ k|sfz -1fg_ xf] . c1fgnfO{ gi6 ug] { a|Dxf?k k|sfz g} u'? xf] . o;df z+sf 5} g .Ú of] jfSo 8f= lrGtfdl0fgfy of] uLsf] k|jrg ;+ufnf] uf] / vjf0fLsf] k[i7 &! af6 lnOPsf] xf] . d} n] klxnf] k6s yfxf kfPsf] u'?sf] kl/ efiff oxL xf] . …;Hhgsf] p4f/ ug{, b'i6sf] ljgfz ug{ / wd{sf] : yfkgf ug{sf nflu d cfkm" o'u o'udf k|s6 x'G5' .Ú uLtfsf] cWofo $ Znf] s * df / x] sf] ;'Gb/ arg k': tssf] klxnf] k[i7df e] l6G5, oltn] dfq} klg k': tsleq cAan ljifo j: t' / x] sf] k'li6 ug] { ;fdYo{ / fV5 . …xfd|f] hLjg ;fx|} Jo: t 5 . efufefu 5, bf} 8fbf} 8 5 . s;} ;Fu km';{b 5} g . t/ xfF: g' t k¥of] lg < ;'Tg' t k¥of] lg < lgb|f t cfpg'k¥of] lg <Ú o;/ L n] vfO klg k|jrg z} nLd} 5 . ;'Tg t ;'T5f} F t/ lgb|f 5} g, ;kgf dfq} 5, vfgf t vfG5f} d'v vf] N5f} xfN5f} t/ : jfb 5} g . pxfFn] clxn] sf] c: tJo: t b} lgsLnfO{ o;/ L JofVof ug'{ePsf] 5 . k9\b} uPF k': tssf] aflx/ k[i7df / x] sf] n] vssf] rlDsnf] d'xf/ emNemnL ofb cfof] . k': ts ;fFRr} To: t} agfpg vf] H5 . ?vdf km"n / kmn nfu] kl5 em'S5, gd| x'G5 . kfgL ePsf] afbn klg cfsfzsf] tn cfpF5g\ . o: tf cg] s z/ n jfSon] cx+sf/ TofUg k|] / 0ff lbPsf 5g\ . k9\b} ubf{ ;fFRr} cx+sf/ sf] lzv/ af6 cf] ln{g ;xdt u/ fpF5g\ . u/ uxgf lvOb} hfG5g\ af] lnsf] ;'Gb/ tf g} jf: tljs ;'Gb/ tf xf] eg] sf] 5 . o;n] kmh'n vr{ b] vfl;sLdf t8\lkPsfnfO{ zLtn lbG5 . kl/ jf/ , ;dfh / gful/ s bfloTjaf6 efUg] d7 dlGb/ df a: g] ;+: s[tsf Znf] s e6\ofpg] kx] +nf] n'uf nufpg] , l6sfdfnf nufpg] , cfFvf lrlDng] ;fdflhs bfloTj e'Ng] ug'{x'Gg elgPsf] 5 . vfg'lkpg' hLjsf] cfjZostf xf] nIo xf] Og . sbflk dg e+u gxf] ;\ egL ;r] t agfOPsf] 5 . …tkfO{+sf] hLjgdf tgfj 5 eg] / f] ux?nfO{ af] nfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . ToxL tgfjsf] sf/ 0fn] ljleGg / f] u nfU5g\ .Ú o;/ L n] lvPsf] 5 . olta] nf cd] l/ sf o'/ f] k h: tf ljsl;t elgg] b] zsf dflg; lagf cf} iflw ;'Tg ;Sb} gg\ . dfgj / f] usf] sf/ 0f g} lrGtf xf] . o;/ L ;'vsf] af6f] l;sfpF5 . cfzlQm x6fpg] eG5 . To;f] eGb} df kn] 6L df/ ] / cf] d gdf] l;jfoM eg] / a: g] klg xf] Og . cfkm\gf] k] zfdf, sd{df eg] Odfgbf/ Ltfk"j{s nfUg] xf] eGg] ;Gb] z . clg dxfk'?if sf] xf] < o;sf] kl/ efiff klg uHhasf] 5 . h;n] ;+;f/ lbof] ToxL dxfk'?if xf] . dftf lktf u'? dxfk'?if x'g'x'G5 . pxfFs} ;xL af6f] sf

sf/ 0fn] cfhsf] pknlAw ePsf] 5 . olt ;/ n, ;lhnf] / ;a} h;f] ;To nfUg] u/ L pxfFn] k': tsdf pNn] v ug'{x'G5 . dxfef/ tdf b'of] {wgn] 7d\ 7d\ u¥of] , gi6 eof] . / fdfo0fsfndf / fj0fn] 7d\7d\ u¥of] gi6 eof] . cfkm"nfO{ 7"nf] 7fg] / 3d08 ug] {, c?nfO{ xKsfpg] x? sn+lst x'G5g eg] / l;sfOPsf] 5 . hf] z eof] xf] z ePg eg] s'b\g ;S5 k'Ug ;Sb} g . kb k|fKt ug{ ;S5 cfgGb lng ;Sb} g . o;/ L cfgGb lng ;tdfu{sf] af6f] l;sfpg] cAan s[ltsf] ?kdf u|x0f u/ ] + . pk] Iffefjn] ;f] Wg] dflg;;Fu af] Ng' klg cfkm\gf lz/ df p;nfO{ r9fpg' xf] eg] / uHhasf] s'/ f e] 6] + . dnfO{ g;f] w] / gaf] Ng' eGg] ;Dd 1fg lyof] . of] k': tsaf6 cGofok"0f{ t/ Lsfn] x] k] / ;f] Wg] x?nfO{ klg hjfkm glbg' eGg] l;s] + . cfkm} nfO{ ljut;Fu t'ngf u/ ] / x] / ] + . w] / } 7fpFdf af] n] sf] lyOg ;xL u/ ] sf] / x] 5' eGg] nfUof] . dnfO{ dg gk/ ] sf] ;jfn s;} n] ;f] w] df af] Nb} gaf] nL 6fg] { rng 5 . casf lbgdf klg Tof] afgL 5f] 8\b} g eGg] k|lta4tf hgfPF . ;+;f/ xfdLn] eg] sf] h: tf] jf ;f] r] sf] h: tf] x'Fb} g . h: tf] 5 To: t} x] g{ ;Sg'k5{, : jLsfg{ ;Sg'k5{ . clg h: tf] Jojxf/ u5{ p: t} ug'{5 eGg] klg x'Fb} g/ } 5 . ufnL cfpFbf Ps x'G5, kmls{bf cg] s x'G5g\ . To;} n] ufnL kmsf{pg] sfd gu/ elgPsf] 5 . cfkm} nfO{ abn . ;a} eGbf 7"nf] O{Zj/ dlGb/ leq xf] Og cfkm} df 5 . cfkm} O{Zj/ xf] . cf;g, cfxf/ / lgb|fnfO{ c;n hLjgsf ;"qx? elgPsf] 5 . kz'sf] hLjg k|fs[lts xf] eg] dflg;sf] hLjg cfWoflTds xf] . vfg] a] nf k] 6sf] Ps efu vfnL, ;'Tg' cl3 l6eL gx] g] {, a: g'kbf{ klg ldnfpg'k5{ . o;/ L cfgLafgL / p7fOa;fOsf s'/ f klg ldnfPsf] 5 . dlGb/ df uP dfq} wd{ x'G5 t/ aflx/ h] u/ ] klg x'G5 eGg] t'R5 ;f] r 5 eg] t'?Gt} abnf} + elgPsf] 5 . h;n] 9'+ufsf] dfq} k"hf u5{ p;sf] d'6' klg 9'+uf h: t} x'g ;S5 elgPsf] 5 . ;hLj km"n l6k] / lghL{j 9'+ufnfO{ k'Hg] , cfkm} ;hLj km"n l6k] / kfk ug] { . clg s;/ L of] ;+;f/ df d'lQm kfpF5f} + t < o;/ L oyfy{k/ s, j: t'k/ s / pkof] uL s'/ f e] l6G5g\ . aflx/ ;'Gb/ eOsg leqL dg ;'Gb/ eof] eg] Tof] pQd xf] . aflx/ ;'Gb/ geP klg leqL dg ;'Gb/ eof] eg] To; cj: yfdf g/ fd|f] x'Fb} g . c: yfoL z/ L/

g/ fd|f] eP klg s] xL ePg . ;'Gb/ z/ L/ ;w+} afFR5 . z/ L/ n'uf jf kl;gf uGxfpF5 eg] ;' : jf: Yo ePg eGg] a'lemG5 . af0fL, ljrf/ / Jojxf/ uGxfof] eg] 1fg ePg eGg] a'lemG5 . z/ L/ z'l4, lrQz'l4, efj z'l4, ljrf/ z'l4 sd{ z'l4 cflb ;a} xfdLnfO{ rflxG5g\ elgPsf] 5 . cfkm"n] ug] { sfdsf] glthf a'em] / dfq} sd{ u/ f} + . tLy{ k"hf a|t kf7 cflb ;fwg x'g ;fWo xf] Ogg\ . dfWod x'g nIo xf] Ogg\ . k': tsn] c?n] tLy{ u/ ] sf] b] v] / pt} Hofg hfg] u/ L lx8\g] d'v{tf gb] vfpg ;'emfj lbG5 . hLjgnfO{ cfgGbdo agfpg] t/ clt ;'vL / fVg] eg] xf] Og . ;'ljwf;Fu a;] / ;'v lng] xf] Og, ;'v;F+u a;] / ;''ljwf lng] xf] eg] / k': tsn] l;sfpF5 . af] n] sf] ljifo u/ ] / b] vfpg yfn] kl5 sd af] Ng s/ nfU5 . ha sf] xL ;'lw|g tof/ 5} g eg] ;'wfg{ vf] Hg] 7] s] bf/ Lsf] cf} lrTo s] < k': tsn] o;/ L Jojxfl/ s / dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg p7fpF5 . d/ ] kl5 : ju{ xf] Og, oL hLjgnfO{ cfh} : ju{do agfpg l;Sg'k5{ . wd{zf: q a'em\of] wd{ a'em] g eg] s] sfd < af] n] / pRrf/ 0f u/ ] / dfq} x'Fb} g . Jojxf/ df b] vfpg ;Sg'k5{ eGg] 5 . ;donfO{ lrg{ ;lsGg t/ lrGg ;lsG5 . ;donfO{ gf£g ;lsGg ;do;Fu} gfRg ;lsG5 . ;donfO{ gsfg{ ;lsGg t/ : jLsfg{ ;lsG5 . ;donfO{ ldg] 6 306f eg] / v08–v08 u/ ] klg cv08 5 . olt dxTjk"0f{ b"/ bzL{ / ;j{ : jLsfo{ csf6\o k|;+u e] l6G5g\ . xfdLn] / fd|f] u'0f ljz] iftf vf] h] / l;Sg] , l;sfpg] xf] . c?sf] lgGbf ug] { b'u'{g vf] Hb} lxF8\g] xf] eg] xfdL g} gi6 x'G5f} + . k/ lgGbf ug] {n] cfkm\gf] lgb|f u'dfpF5g\, g} ltstf u'dfpF5g\ / ;dfhdf cfkm\gf] ljZjf; u'dfpF5g\ elgPsf] 5 . hxfF cfzf x'G5 ToxfF cfkt x'G5 / hxfF z+sf x'G5 ToxfF zf] s x'G5 . tGq, dGq, hGt/ , a'6L / kfv08LkgnfO{ klg 5f] l8lbpF . dgnfO{ bafpg] xf] Og a'emfpg] xf] . r] tgfsf] ?kdf ?kfGtl/ t ug] { xf] elgPsf] 5 . k"jL{o k4lt cg';f/ ljxfgsf] vfgf w] / } ,

;F} UFft

Saturday, 31 Dec., 2022

uf] ljGb v8\sf

lbpF;f] sf] vfhf dWod, a] n'sfsf] vfgf sd / ;"o{ c: tfpg' klxn] g} ug'{k5{ . dlitissf] afFof efu zlQm xf] eg] bfofF efu lzj elgPsf] 5 . afofFnfO{ rGb| bfofFnfO{ ;"o{ elgPsf] 5 . afofFdf efj'stf ;+j] bgzLntf / xflb{stf 5g\ . bfofFdf k|v/ tf, t] hl: jtf / pRr ljj] szLntf cflb 5g\ . oxL g} zlQm / lzjsf] pRrtd PsfTds zlQm xf] elgPsf] 5 . ;do sd ePsf, k': tsdf k} ;f vr{ ug{ sGh';nfO{ k': ts pko'Qm 5 . ;trl/ q agfpg k': ts / fdaf0f h: t} 5 .

3/ 3/ uP/ cfkm\gf] lstfj a] Rg] , csf{sf] wd{nfO{ z} tfg eGg] , kljq gdfhsf gfddf dfOs km'Sg] gu/ f} + elgPsf] 5 . k] 6 36fpFb} df of] u x'Fb} g 3d08 36fpg';\ . zf/ Ll/ s ;'Gb/ tf a9fpFb} df of] u x'Fb} g b} jL zlQm a9fpg';\ eg] / lgs} ts{;+ut s'/ f ul/ Psf] 5 . Psk6s em'7f] af] n] kl5 To;nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{ s} of} + k6s 9fF6g'k5{ / s} of} v'/ fkmftL sfd ug'{k5{ . ;S5f} eg] zLtntf lbpF ;lsGg eg] klg csf{nfO{ tfk glbcf} + . cfxf slt / fd|f] ;Gb] z 5 . k"hfkf7 tLy{ a|tnufot x/ ] s sd{df w] / } ljlwdf cndlng' x'Gg eGg] ;Gb] z k': tsdf 5 .

To;/ L clNemP zf: q t x'G5 t/ >4f x/ fpF5, ljZjf; x/ fpF5 . …x] eQmx? ;'g Û dlGb/ sf h~hfnx? Tofu MÚ uf] / vgfysf af0fL eg] / k[i7 !() df e] 6fPF . v'zLn] d] / f] dgsf] l;d} / x] g . ;dfhdf ;f+;fl/ s, wfld{s cflb cg] sf} + h~hfn 5g\ . cfkm\gf] d"n kl/ ro g} e'Ng] u/ L u[x: yL hLjgdf klg clNemg' x'Gg eGg] ;Gb] z 5 . cfzf ug'{k5{ t/ cf;Qm aGg'x'Fb} g eGg] l;sfPsf] 5 . d} n] nf] e dfgL dfgL Ps Ps k|jrg k9] / k': ts l;WofPF . k': tssf] aflx/ L kl5Nnf] se/ df n] vs k|km'Nn d'b|fdf xfF;] sf] tl: j/ 5 . To: t} xF;fpg ;Sg] Ifdtfsf kf7x? 5g\ . x/ ] sn] pmhf{ lbG5g\ . pT;flxt agfpF5g\ / hLjg lhpg] ;Tdfu{ b] vfpF5g\ . dnfO{ of] k': tsn] ;sf/ fTds ;f] Rg] agfof] . hLjgk|lt cfzf hufof] / afFRg'sf] dHhf ;Demfof] . z'esfdgf;lxt pkxf/ kfpFbf ;fdfGo efif0fsf] ;Fufnf] cfFsng u/ ] sf] lyPF . ljleGg kqklqsfdf n] lvPsf n] vsf] ;+sng h: t} ;lDemPF . t/ k9\b} hfFbf / ; k: b} uof] . cGt;Dd ;a} k|jrg k9] F / cem} lwt d/ ] sf] 5} g . km] l/ s'g} lbg bf] xf] ¥ofpg] 5' / of] tLg ;o %) d"Nosf] k': tsnfO{ wGojfb eGgnfO{ sGh': ofO{+ ug] { 5} g . d} n] Psb] lv Ps ;o @& k[i7;Dd c+u|] hL lxGbL / ;+: s[t zAb afx] s g] kfnL hlt k9] / EofPF . sxL klg k6\of/ nfu] g . k'gh{Gd clgjfo{ x'G5nufot s] xL ljifodf ljdlt / x] klg gsfg{ ;lsgF .

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nayayougbodh.com/pub/saugat

ko{6g

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l8u|] zfO{s'df/ L eujtLb] jLsf] dlGb/ df k'Ub5g . l8u|] zfO{s'df/ L dlGb/ d';Lsf] 6 gu/ kflnsf j8f g+= % yk{'df kb{5 . yk{'8fF8f k|fs[lts Eo"6fj/ klg xf] . oxfFaf6 w] / } 6f9fsf 8fF8fsfF8f / ufpFa: tLx? cjnf] sg ug{ ;lsG5 . dlGb/ kl/ ;/ df lz4 afaf dlGb/ , ;Togf/ fo0f dlGb/ , u0f] z dlGb/ , lzj dlGb/ / vKt8 : jfdL ;/ : jtLsf] dlGb/ / x] sf 5g\ . klZrd ?s'dsf u|fdL0f If] q ko{6gsf w] / } ;Defjgf ePsf] e"uf] n xf] . klZrd ?s'dsf] xfjfkfgL, u|fdL0f hghLjg / / xg;xg, ef} uf] lns cj: yf, : yfgLo cuf{lgs vfgf, ;f+: s[lts ;Dkbf / ;+: sf/ n] ufpF3/ df k'Ug] ko{6sx? nf] leG5g . u|fdL0f ko{6gsf nflu k"jf{wf/ klxnf] cfjZostf xf] . ko{6snfO{ ;'/ lIft tj/ n] uGtAodf k'Ug oftfoftsf] ;'ljwfsf nflu ;8s dfu{, 3f] / ] 6f] af6f] h: tf k"jf{wf/ x'g'kb{5 . t/ klZrd ?s'dsf u|fdL0f If] qdf w] / } ;8sx? sRrL 5g\ . ha/ h: tL sRrL ;8s agfpFbf ufpFsf] / d0fLotfsf] ljgfz ePsf] 5 . u|fdL0f ko{6g k|a4{g ug{ Aojl: yt ;8s agfpg] / 3f] / ] 6f] af6f] sf] ;+/ If0f ug] {tkm{ ca : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] Wofg lbg' kb{5 . u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ca aGg] ;8s / ePsf ;8snfO{ bL3{sfnLg of] hgf;lxt k|fljlws b[li6n] pko'Qm Pj+ jftfj/ 0fLo cg's"n agfO ufpFsf] / d0fLotfsf] ;+/ If0f ug{'kb{5 . ufpFdf k'Ug] ko{6sx?n] kms{bf sf] ;] nL: j?k s'g} klg a: t' lsGg vf] H5g . : yfgLo pTkfbgnfO{ ko{6sx?nfO{ sf] z] nLsf] ?kdf n} hfg] k|aGw ldnfpg ufpFdf sf] z] nL 3/ sf] Aoj: yf ug{ ;s] / fd|f] x'G5 . of] ko{6g k|a4{gsf] dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] . u|fdL0f ko{6g k|a4{gsf] csf] { dxTjk"0f{ kIf eg] sf] ufpFsf] ef} uf] lns / d0fLotf, ko{6sLo w/ f] x/ x? k'/ ftflTjs j: t', d7 dlGb/ , tfn, em/ gf, aGohGt', cUnf] : yfgaf6 b] lvg] b[Zo h] ufpFsf] ;Defjgf 5 To;sf] cjnf] sg u/ fpg' / ko{6snfO{ cfgGb lbnfpg' klg xf] . cjnf] sgsf nflu : yfgLo: t/ df kyk|bzssf] Aoj: yf u/ L : yfgLo w/ f] x/ sf] lj: t[t hfgsf/ L u/ fO{ ko{6sLo nfe lbnfpg] jftfj/ 0f agfpg'kb{5 . ufpFsf] ;f+: s[lts lawfnfO{ k|bz{gL u/ L ko{6snfO{ cfgGb lbnfpg ;s] u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] dxTj a9\5 . ufpFn] hLjgsf] / xg;xg, ;+: sf/ / / Lltl/ jfhnfO{ ko{6sdfem k|bz{g u/ L ko{6ssf] dg lhTg ;Sg'kb{5 . k'vf{n] k|of] u u/ ] sf ;fdfgx? tyf k|frLg k|ljlw klg ko{6ssf dg lhTg] j: t' x'g\ . oL j: t'sf] k|bz{gLaf6 klg ko{6snfO{ cfgGb lbg ;lsG5 . ko{6gsf] ljsf; hlt eGgdf ;lhnf] x'G5 ug{ eg] w] / } s'/ f h'6\g'kb{5 . ufpFdf k'Ug] ko{6ssf] ;'/ Iff, ;"rgf / ;~rf/ sf] kx'Fr / cfwf/ e"t : jf: Yo ;] jf u|fdL0f If] qdf x'g'kb{5 . ko{6ssf] 3'dlkm/ df ;xh jftfj/ 0f agfpg] / s'g} cj/ f] w x'g gx'g] cj: yf l;h{gf x'g' kb{5 . ko{6s ;'/ Iffdf s'g} ;f} bfafhL ul/ g'xF'b} g . ko{6ssf] nflu kmf] g tyf OG6/ g] 6sf] ;'ljwfsf] kx'Frn] 3'dlkm/ / a;fOdf yk dgf] / ~hg lbnfpF5 . ko{6ssf] cfwf/ e"t : jf: Yo ;'ljwfn] ko{6ssf] cfTdljZjf; a9fO ko{6g k|a4{gdf 6] jf k'¥ofpF5 . ko{6gsf] k|a4{g ug{ ca zx/ L ko{6g / ufpFsf] ;DaGw hf] 8\g'kb{5 . zx/ sf] e|d0fdf cfPsf ko{6snfO{ kfos kg{] ;'/ lIft u|fdL0f If] qsf] e|d0f u/ fpg] / Ps / ft ufpFd} a: g] Aoj: yf ldnfpgfn] ufpFdf ko{6gsf] ljsf; x'G5 . u|fdL0f ko{6g k|a4{g ug{ zx/ L If] qdf hf] l8Psf ufpF;Fu ko{6sLo of] hgf;lxt cl3 a9g'kb{5 . u|fdL0f ko{6gsf nflu : yfgLo pBdLnfO{ cfjZos tflnd lbg] , : yfgLo pTkfbgnfO{ ;+/ If0f ug{] h: tf ljifodf ;/ sf/ n] ljz] if Wofg lbg' cfjZos 5 . u|fdL0f ko{6gsf dfly pNn] lvt ultljlwn] ko{6g If] qaf6 dgUu] cfDbfgLsf] cj;/ k|bfg ub{5 . ufpFdf v] tLkftL klg ug{'kg{] / km';{bdf yk cfDbfgLsf nflu u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] cj;/ af6 nfeflGjt x'g ;lsG5 . ufpFsf] ko{6g k|a4{g ug{ ;fd"lxs k|oTg ;d] t ug{'kg{] x'Fbf : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] o; ljifodf g] t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x u/ L : yfgLo hgtfnfO{ nfeflGjt ug{ hfu/ 0f Nofpg'kb{5 . ;+3Lo ;+/ rgfsf] zf;sLo Aoj: yfdf k|b] zn] cfˆgf] k|b] zleq u|fdL0f ko{6g k|a4{g ug{] u/ L kflnsf ;d] tsf] ;fem] bf/ Ldf k|b] z ko{6g gLlt / ko{6g;DaGwL P] g lgod agfO{ nfu' ug{] / kflnsfn] cfˆgf] df} lns klxrfgnfO{ k|bz{g ug{] u/ L ko{6g u'?of] hgf agfO nfu' u/ L To;sf] nfe : yfgLo hgtfn] kfpg] ;'lglZrttf ug{'kb{5 . k|fs[lts / d0fLotf, ljljw ;f+: s[lts ;Dkbf / cfsif{s ko{6sLo uGtAo g} xfd|f] ko{6sLo ;Dkbf x'g\ . k|s[ltn] lbPsf] ;'Gb/ tfnfO{ Aoj;flostfdf abnL cfly{s k|ltkmn k|fKt ug{ ko{6g If] qdf 7"nf] cj;/ / x] sf] 5 . k|s[ltsf] ;'Gb/ tfsf] k|;f/ k|rf/ u/ L ko{6sx?nfO{ cfslif{t ug{kb{5 . s;/ L k'Ug] : ofk{' < bfªsf] t'n;Lk'/ af6 ;Nofg >Lgu/ x'Fb} sl/a * 306f a; ofqf kZrft klZrd ?s'dsf] ;b/ d'sfd d';Lsf] 6 vn+uf k'Ug ;lsG5 . d';Lsf] 6af6 / ftfdf6f, uf/ f3f6, l5Gv] t x'Fb} : ofk{' k'Ug] Pp6f af6f] 5 eg] d';Lsf] 6af6 ;Nn] , s} nb] p, luNafª x'Fb} k'Ug] csf{] af6f] 5 . ;8s k'u] sf] eP klg lx8] / hfg emg} / fd|f] dflgG5 . sf7df8f} +af6 8] 9 306fsf] xjfO{ ofqfkl5 ?s'dsf] d';Lsf] 6 ljdfg: yn k'luG5 . d';Lsf] 6af6 : ofk{' tfn k'Ugsf nflu sl/ j #) lsdL ofqf hLkdf ug{'k5{ . ;'v] {tb] lv l5Gr' x'Fb} rf} / hxf/ L eP/ klg : ofk{' k'Ug ;lsG5 . d';Lsf] 6af6 : ofk{' tfn k'Ug sRrL ;8s dfu{ eGbf k} bn ofqf / d0fLo x'G5 . d';Lsf] 6af6 : ofk{' tfn k'Ug ;f9] $ 306fsf] k} bnofqf ug{'k5{ . ofqfdf ;fgf] e] / Lsf] lsgf/ df / x] sf / fpv] t, l5gv] t h: tf v] taf/ Ldf nufOPsf afnLgfnL aLr af6f] x'Fb} psfnf] nfUbf af6f] sf6] sf] yfxf g} x'b} g . af6f] df b] lvg] bxLvf] nfn] emg} gofF dflg;nfO{ yk pT;'stf k} bf ul/ lbG5 . : ofk{' tfnsf] kfgL bxLh: t} ;] tf] b] lvg] ePsfn] bxLvf] nf eGg] ul/ G5 .

v

hLjgbz{g

h]gL jf]g j]i6fkmfn]g M Ps dxfg\ x[bo ;+;f/ sf w] / } h;f] dxfk'?if tyf / fli6«o JolQmTjx¿sf k5fl8 ltgLx¿0sf] ;kmntfdf ltgsf hLjgfyLx¿sf] of] ubfgn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v] n] sf] x'G5 . t/ Oltxf;df olt dxTjk"0f{ jf: tljstfsf] cToGt sd rrf{ x'g] u/ ] sf] kfOG5 . To;df klg lkt[;Qf ePsf d'n'sx¿df k'?ifsf] JolQmTj lgdf{0fdf dlxnfx¿s} of] ubfg w] / } x'G5 . To;f] t ljZj ;j{xf/ fju{sf l;4fGtsf/ , bfz{lgs / n] vs sfn{ dfS;{sf] of] ubfg, sfo{ ;Dkfbg / JolQmTj lgdf{0fdf pgsL >LdtL h] gL jf] g j] i6fkmfn] g cyf{t\ h] gL dfS;{sf] lgs} 7"nf] of] ubfg / e"ldsf / x] sf] lyof] . o; ;Gbe{df sfn{ dfS;{sL sfG5L 5f] / L On] g/ dfS;{n] cfk\mgf dftf– lktf;DaGwL ;+: d0fdf n] v] sL l5g\, ‘s'g s'/ f eGg clt;of] lQm x'Fb} g eg] h] gL jf] g j] i6fkmn] g gePsf] eP sfn{ dfS;{ h] aGg'eof] , Tof] slxNo} aGg ;Sg'x'g] lyPg . pNn] vgLo / x] sf] b'O{hgfsf] hLjg o;n] Pscsf{sf] k"/ s slxNo} ePsf] lyPg .’ o;/ L dfS;{jfbL l;4fGtsf] lgdf{0f dfS;{ P+u] N;sf] dl: tissf] dfq pkh lyPg . h] gL jf] g j] i6fkmfn] gsf] ;xof] u / ;dk{0fsf] klg pkh lyof] . >dhLjL ;j{xf/ fju{sf] d'lQmsf] l;4fGt, bz{g / / fhgLlts cfofdsf] lgdf{0fsf] If] qdf olt dxTjk"0f{ of] ubfg k'¥ofPsL sfn{ dfS;{sL kTgL h] gL dfS;{sf] hGd ;g\ !*!$ sf] km] a|'c/ L !^ df hd{gLsf] / fOg k|fGtsf] ;NHj] 8/ df ePsf] lyof] . h] gL dfS;{, sfn{ dfS;{eGbf kfFr jif{ h] 7L lyOg\ . logsf] hGd Pp6f ;DkGg kl/ jf/ df ePsf] lyof] . pgsf lktf jf/ ] g n'8lev jf] g j] i6fkmfn] g k|fGtLo sG;'n/ lyP . logL cToGt pbf/ , ;';+: s[t af} l4s JolQmTj lyP . h] gL hGd] sf] s] xL ;do kZrft\ sG;'n/ af/ ] gsf] hd{gLs} l6«/ zx/ df ;?jf eof] . h] gL;lxt pgsf] ;kl/ jf/ l6«/ df a: g yfNof] . ToxfF a: bf dfS;{sf] kl/ jf/ l;t kl/ ro eof] . v] ns'b / cfjt–hfjtsf] l;nl;nfdf sfn{ dfS;{ / h] gLsf aLrdf ePsf] kfl/ jfl/ s kl/ ro pd] / a[l4;Fu} k|uf9 k|] d;DaGwsf] lbzfdf ljsf; x'Fb} uof] . dfS;{sf] kl/ jf/ klg lzlIft / ;';+: s[t t lyof] t/ h] gLsf] kl/ jf/ h: tf] cfly{s ¿kdf ;d[4 lyPg . ;g\ !*#^ df sfn{ dfS;{ / h] gL ljjfx ;DaGwdf afFlwg] lgisif{df k'u] . clehft ju{sL h] gL / ;fdfGo dWod ju{sf dfS;{sf aLrsf] ljjfxdf kfl/ jfl/ s cj/ f] w cfpg ;Sg] cfzª\sfdf ltgLx¿n] ;f] ljjfxnfO{ uf] Ko g} / fVg] ;Nnfx u/ ] sf lyP . s] xL ;do dfS;{nfO{ h] gL;Fu cnu eP/ jln{gdf a: g' k¥of] . ;f] la5f] 8sf] ;dodf dfS;{n] s] xL efjk"0f{ ;flxlTos s[ltx¿sf] / rgf u/ ] sf lyP . ljBfyL{ hLjgdf klg h] gLn] sfn{ dfS;{nfO{ cfly{s ;xof] u ul/ / lxg\ . sf] dn x[bosL h] gL jf] g j] i6fkmfn] gn] dfS;{sf] dxfg\ x[bo / lj/ f6 dl: tisnfO{ lrg] sL lyOg\ . sfn{ dfS;{n] hd{gLdf / fOg klqsfdf sfd ub{y] . ;f] klqsfdfkm{t dfS;{n] cfk\mgf dhb'/ ju{ kIfw/ ljrf/ x¿ ;Dk|] if0f ub{y] . hd{g ;/ sf/ nfO{ Tof] ;} Xo ePg . klqsfdfly k|ltaGw nfUof] . klqsfsf z] o/ wgLx¿n] klqsfnfO{ s] xL pbf/ 9ª\usf] agfpg] ] sa'n u/ ] / klqsf k|sfzg ug] { lg0f{o u/ ] .

To;df dfS;{sf] c;xdlt eof] / pgn] klqsfsf] lhDd] jf/ Laf6 / fhLgfdf lbP . ToxL 9ª\usf] Pp6f qmflGtsf/ L klqsf kf] l/ ;af6 lgsfNg] ;Nnfx eof] . To;kl5 !( h'g !*$# df dfS;{ / h] gLn] cf} krfl/ s¿kdf ljjfxsf] 3f] if0ff u/ ] / ;Fu} qmflGtsf/ L 9ª\usf] klqsf lgsfNg] p2] Zosf ;fy k] l/ ;lt/ nfu] . To;kl5 sfn{ dfS;{ / h] gL dfS;{sf ef} lts ¿kn] cefjn] h] lnPsf t/ efjgfTds ¿kn] ;'vL / ;d[4 hLjgsf] ;'?jft eof] . k] l/ ;af6 k"FhLjfbsf] lj?4df cfuf] cf] sNg]

sljtf

ljrf/ ;lxt klqsf k|sfzg x'g yfNof] . ;g\ !*$$ sf] d] dlxgfdf dfS;{sL h] 7L 5f] / Lsf] hGd eof] . klqsf rlr{t t eof] t/ klqsfsf] cfly{s cj: yf / fd|f] lyPg . rf/ } lt/ af6 c;xof] u dfq lyof] . o;} aLr ;g\ !*$% df k|mfG;] nL k|x/ Ln] dfS;{ a;] sf] 3/ df 5fkf df¥of] / kl;{ofnL ;/ sf/ sf] cfb] z eGb} @$ 306fleq k] l/ ; 5f8\g clN6d] 6d lbof] . h] gLn]

3/ df ePsf ;fdfgx¿ a] lrg\ / ToxL k} ;fn] / ftf/ ft Tof] tLg hgfsf] kl/ jf/ a|z] N;lt/ uof] / a: g] sf] 7f vf] Hof] . !*$* df a|z] N;af6 klg Tof] kl/ jf/ lgsflnof] / Sofnf] g k'Uof] . !*$( df dfS;{nfO{ Sofnf] gaf6 klg efUg'k¥of] . @^ cu: tdf ue{jtL kTgL / afnaRrfnfO{ 5f] 8] / sfn{ dfS;{ n08g k'u] / n's] . Tof] cj: yfdf h] gL dfS;{nfO{ lgs} sl7g cfly{s ;ª\ s6sf] ;fdgf ug'{k¥of] . pgnfO{ afnaRrf la/ fdL, s'kf] if0f / 8/ nfUbf] cefjn] v] b\g 5f] 8] g . h] gLn] cljrlnt 9ª\un] ;d: ofsf] ;fdgf ul/ g\ / slxNo} dfS;{;Fu u'gf;f] kf] lvgg\ . h] gL klg n08g uOg\ . ;g\ !*%) sf] clGtdlt/ dfS;{ / h] gL dfS;{sf] 5f] / f kmfs;sf] lgdf] lgofsf] / f] usf sf/ 0f d[To' eof] . ;g\ !*%# df ;a} n] xiff] {Nnf;k"j{s lqmid; 8] dgfO/ x] sf] cj: yfdf a|f] ª\sfOl6; / f] usf sf/ 0f csL{ 5f] / Lsf] klg d[To' eof] . oL b'j} afnaRrfsf] d[To'sf] sf/ 0f cf} iflw pkrf/ ug] { k} ;fsf] cefj lyof] . Tolta] nf dfS;{n] ‘Go"of] s{ 8] nL l6«a'g’ klqsfdf n] vx¿ n] Vby] . To;af6 cfpg] k} ;fn] vr{ rnfpg lgs} d'l: sn x'GYof] . o: tf] sl7g cfly{s ;ª\s6af6 u'lh|/ x] sf]

cj: yfdf lqmid;sf] ;ftf} F lbgkl5 ltgsf] ;ft jif] { 5f] / f Pª\uf/ uDeL/ la/ fdL eof] . Ps jif{;Dd cf] 5\ofgdf ynf k/ ] / To;sf] klg d[To' eof] . hLjgdf cfOk/ ] sf To: tf b'Mvb 36gfx¿sf] pNn] v u/ ] / dfS;{n] Pª\u] N;nfO{ dfld{s kq n] v] sf lyP . dfS;{sf] kl/ jf/ nfO{ P] ª\u] N;n] hLjge/ cfly{s / af} l4s ;xof] u klg u/ ] . x/ ] s b'Mv / si6df klg dfS;{ / h] gL dxfg\ nIf / efjgfTds k|] ddf Psfsf/ eP/ d': s'/ fP/ afFr] . slxn] sfxLF Pª\u] N;n] vr{ k7fpg l9nf] ubf{ dfS;{ / h] gLsf] kl/ jf/ b} lglss} ;ª\s6df kl/ xfNbYof] . dfS;{n] n] v] / sdfPsf] k} ;f d;nGbd} ;lsGYof] . Psk6s aRrf la/ fdL ePsf] cj: yfdf k} ;fsf] ;ª\s6 kbf{ h] gLn] Pª\u] N;nfO{ k7fPsf] kq lgs} dfld{s 5 . To;df pgn] lk|o Pª\u] N; la/ fdL aRrfn] b"w olt hf] 8n] r': b5 ls dnfO{ l/ ª\u6f nfUg vf] H5 . s] xL k} ;f k7fOlbg'xf] nf . k6s–k6s k} ;fs} nflu snd p7fpg'kbf{ cK7\of/ f] nflu/ x] sf] 5 cflb n] lvPsf] lyof] . h] gLn] e/ ;s dfS;{nfO{ tgfj/ lxt agfP/ cfk\mgf] sd{df nufpg k|oTg ul/ / xlGyg\ . pgL ;fFlRrs} dfgjtfjfbsf] klg k|tLs lyOg\ . h] gLsf ljifodf hd{g ;fdflhs hgjfbL kf6L{sf g] tf sfn{ lniRg] / n] ;f} Do, ;'zLn / a'l4dfgL dlxnf eg] / n] v] sf 5g\ . dfS;{sf] kl/ jf/ a;] sf] 3/ Pp6f cGt/ f{li6«o 3/ h: tf] lyof] . Tof] 3/ df hf] k|j]z u/] tfklg dfS;{ / h] gLaf6 ;fDojfbL : t/ sf] ddtf / k|] / 0ff k|fKt ub{Yof] . oyfy{df dfS;{ / h] gLsf] bfDkTo hLjg dxfg\ dfgjLo x[box¿sf] ldng lyof] . dfS;{ / h] gLn] Pª\u] N;h: tf] dxfg\ ;xof] uL cfTdf ePsf] ;fyL kfpg' klg Oltxf;sf] cg'kd ;+of] u lyof] . dfS;{sf cIf/ x¿ a'‰g hf] sf] xLnfO{ d'l: sn kb{Yof] . h] gLn] kF"hLsf] klxnf] v08sf] kf08'lnlk k"/ f ;f/ ] sL lyOg\ . o'/ f] ksf] dhb'/ cfGbf] ngsf g] tf ;fyLx¿nfO{ dfS;{sf] gfdaf6 kq k7fpg] sfd klg h] gLn] ub{lyOg\ . sltko n] vs tyf kqsf/ x¿n] dfS;{ Pª\u] N;sf ljrf/ x¿sf] lj/ f] wdf n] lvPsf n] vx¿sf] h] gL dfS;{n] v08g ub{lyOg\ . : jo+ h] gL dfS;{ Pp6L tfls{s n] lvsf klg lyOg\ . Pp6f clehft ju{df hGd] sL h] gLsf] Tof] si6k"0f{ hLjg / ljZj ;j{xf/ f cfGbf] ngk|ltsf] Tofu / ;dk{0f ;fdfGo s'/ f lyPg . pgL dfS;{sL kTgL dfq geP/ ;xof] 4f klg lyOg\ . h] gLsf] ljj] szLn lbdfu, ljgd| : jefj, pT;flxt rl/ q, dxfg\ nIosf lgldQ Tofusf] efjgf, b'Mvx¿k|ltsf] lg8/ tf cflbaf6 Pª\u] N; klg cToGt k|efljt lyP . Pª\u] N;n] h] gLnfO{ ‘dxfg\ cfTdf ePsL gf/ L’ eg] / k'sf/ ] sf 5g\ . ljZj ;j{xf/ f cfGbf] gsf] ofqfdf lqmofzLn eO/ x] sf] cj: yfdf h] gLnfO{ ;f; km] g{ ufx|f] eof] . pgnfO{ c: ktfn nluof] . Tolta] nf dfS;{nfO{ sn] hf] sf] SofG;/ ePsf] lyof] . Pp6f sf] 7fdf h] gL lgdf] lgofn] u|: t eP/ 9n] sL lyOg\ . csf] { sf] 7fdf dfS;{ sn] hf] sf] SofG;/ sf sf/ 0f 56k6fO/ x] sf lyP . @ l8;] Da/ !**! sf lbg n08gdf lgdf] lgof / f] us} sf/ 0f h] gL dfS;{sf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] . Tolta] nf SofG;/ / f] usf sf/ 0f dfS;{sf] cj: yf klg lgs} uDeL/ lyof] . dfS;{ sn] hf] sf] b'vfOsf sf/ 0f 56k6fO/ x] sf lyP . lgs} czQm ePsf] x'gfn] dfS;{ h] gL h: tL dxfg\ x[bo ePsL hLjg;fyLsf] cGToli6df efu lng ;s] gg\ . dfS;{sL 5f] / L On] g/ sf cg';f/ To: tf] b'vfOsf] cj: yfdf klg dfS;{ h]gLsf] sf] 7f;Dd hfg'eof] eg] 7"nf] tGb'?: tLsf] dx;'; ug'{x'GYof] . o;/ L ljZjel/ sf zf] lift–kLl8t dhb'/ , >lds hgtfsf] kIfdf hLjge/L plePsL Pp6L dxfg\ gIfq h] gL jf] g j] i6fkmfn] gsf] hLjgsf] OxnLnf ;dfKt ePsf] lyof] . k|: t'lt M zlzw/ e08f/ L n3'syf

;flxTosf/

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zAb zAb hf] 8L efj lbg ;Sg] ;flxTosf/ pTs[i6 efj k|: t't ubf{ kfpg] dfg k'/ : sf/ 5} g uf] nL, aGb's, af?b, 5 t s] jn snd sndn] g} o'4 lj/ fd ug] { zlQm lbG5 dnd ..

/ rgf k|sfzg ubf{ hf] l8G5 ;flxlTos d"ndf Ps l;9Ldfly r9\b} : jfut x'G5 / ftf] t'ndf k|sflzt k': ts g} x'G5 ;flxTosf/ sf] j} ej ta ;flxTosf/ n] cfk\mgf] ofqfdf ub{5 uf} / j ..

lrGtg dgg\ ub} { ;flxTosf/ n] Vb5 sljtf sljsf] efj a'e\mg g;s] hutn] x] 5{ / ldtf k|s[ltk|] dL aGb} sljn] cIf/ d} ;f} Gbo{ b] vfof] ta, cfkm} v'zL x'Fb} d'xf/ df rdstf 5fof] ..

5b} {g ;flxTosf/ n] ;dfhdf slxNo} e|flGt ;flxlTos efj dfkm{t eGb5 zflGt zflGt gofF ;flxlTos v/ vhfgf lbb} ub{5 k|lt1f ;flxlTos dgx¿dfly slxNo} ub{} g cj1f ..

cu|h ;flxTosf/ s} lzio aGb} ul/ G5 : d[lt / fli6«oefj 5rNsg] sf] slxNo} x'Fb} g lj: d[lt ;Rrf ;flxTosf/ sf] cg'ofoLn] ahfpF5 tfnL ;flxlTos dgn] efj a'em\g g;s] kfOG5 ufnL ..

af] Sb} g em08f ;flxTosf/ qmflGtsf/ L aGb} cl3 a9\5 hgefjgf sndaf6 JoQm ub{} vf] Hb} hfG5 ;dfh kl/ jt{g ug{] ;Hhg ;flxlTos b[li6n] s;} nfO{ b] Vb} g b'h{g ..

;flxTos cfFvf v'Nof] pHofnf] eof] emndn sfuh snd xftdf n] pm ca gu/ cndn ;flxlTos efjsf] ;xsdL{n] ug] {5g\ : jLs[t ;Rrf efjgfsf] hfgL hfgL x'g] 5} g lt/ : s[t ..

d"nklxrfg xf] / fi6«sf] cfkm\g} wd{ ;+: s[lt sndsf] dfWodaf6} x6fpFg vf] H5 ljs[lt agfpF lxdfn, kxf8, t/ fO{ ;a} lemlnldnL ;flxTosf/ eGbf cl3 a9\g'5 ;a} ldnLh'nL ..

;bf;j{bf ;f+: sfl/ s efj b] pm nf] s ;+emG5 ;flxlTosefj lt/ : sf/ ubf{ ;dfh em: sG5 ;flxTosf/ / rgf u5{ z/ L/ df aufO{ kl;gf kf08'lnlk ;w} + y'kf/ L / fv] / kfg{' x'Fb} g cl;gf ..

e'mlNsG5 ;flxlTos kmfF6 ;f} bfldgL rfndf k'likt, kNnljt x'G5 ;flxTosf/ sf] tfndf zAb zAb hf] 8L efj lbg ;Sg] ;flxTosf/ pTs[i6 efj k|: t't ubf{ kfpg] dfg k'/ : sf/ ..

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ul/jLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf lgw{g hgtfsf] ul/aL lgjf/0f ug{ bftf ;d"xsf] ;xof]udf Pp6f of]hgf NofOof] . clzlIftx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] ?lr / cg'ejsf] cfwf/df cfly{s pkfh{gsf] nflu cfly{s ;xof]u ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] ;/sf/n] . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx? k};f lnP/ Tof] ul/j a:tLdf k'u] . k};f ljt/0f ug{ k|lqmof k'¥ofpg' bftfn] tof/ kfl/lbPsf] ;/sf/L kmf/ddf b:tvt ug{ ltgLx?nfO{ af]nfOof] . tL clzlIft ul/jn] b:tvt ug{ g;s]kl5 k};f ljt/0f gu/L sd{rf/Lx? kms]{ . km]l/ bftfsf] cg'dltdf NofKr] nufpFbf klg x'g] gofF kmf/d agfOof] . csf]{k6s sd{rf/Lx? k};f afF8\g cfP . kmf/ddf NofKr] nufpg] k|lqmof ;'? eof] . cxF ToxfF s;}sf] NofKr]sf] lgzfgf cfPg . sfd ubf{ ubf{ k6k6 km'6]sf pgLx?sf cf}nfdf zª\v, rqm t s] s'g} aqm /]vfsf lgzfgf klg lyPgg\ . NofKr] 5fksf] lgzfgf gcfPkl5 tL ul/jx?nfO{ k};f ljt/0f ug{ gldNg] hfgsf/L u/fOof] . ltgLx? l/Qf] xft kms]{ . ;fFemdf Ps e§L k;ndf k};f afF8\g] sd{rf/Lx? / ufpFsf 6f7f af7fx? kmf/ddf wdfwd NofKr] nufpFb} lyP .

nIdLwf/f Hof]ltif s]Gb| Hof]= k+= 8f= e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8] ;b:o– g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb\ df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%! ef/t )(!–(!@%&^^&)&

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tkfO“sf] nfef+zdfly c¿sf] bfaL /xg ;Sg]5 .

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sfo{;kmntf / ;fdflhs g]t[Tj k|fKt x'g ;Sg]5 .

k/fqmdåf/f clwsf/ :yflkt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

wgnfe / k|tLIffdf /x]sf] pknlAw k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

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cj;/sf] nflu bf}8w'k /xg ;Sg]5 .

tkfO“sf sfo{x¿df efUosf] /fd|f] ;fy /xg]5 .

c;fjwfgLn] xfgL–gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg ;Sg]5 .

;]jfd"ns sfo{af6 nfe / z}lIfs If]qdf ;kmntf .

a'l4anåf/f nIo klxNofpg ;lsg]5 .

cfk\mgf k|lt:kwL{x¿nfO{ xf/ v'jfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 .

Jofkfl/s nfe / hLjgz}nLdf kl/jt{g Nofpg ;lsg]5 .

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dflj / em]gfsf] ^% cf}+ jflif{sf]T;j o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf 3f]/fxL, !% k'; . dflj /em]gfsf] ^% cf}+ jflif{sf]T;j z'qmaf/ dgfOPsf] 5 . ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf hLjg uf}tdsf] cWoIftf Pj+ 3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf k|dv ' g?nfn rf}w/Lsf] k|dv ' cfltYotf tyf pkk|dv ' x'df l8;Lsf] ljlzi6 cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|dv ' cltly rf}w/Ln] /em]gf dflj gd"gf ljBfnosf] ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] atfpg'eof] . ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks p4j Gof}kfg]n] ljBfnosf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg k]z ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . ljBfnosf] jflif{sf]T;jdf cIfosf]ifbftfx?sf] tkm{af6 rGb|/fh kGt, k"jl{ zIfsx?sf] tkm{af6 u0f]z/fh >]i7,

k"jk{ c | x?af6 xl/k|;fb uf}td, l5d]sL ljBfnosf k|cx?dWo]af6 dflj gf/fo0fk'/sf k|c pQd vgfn, lzIfs dxf;+3 bfªsf cWoIf cd/axfb'/ v8\sfnufotn] z'esfdgf dGtJo JoQm ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . jflif{sf]T;jdf ljBfyL{n] ljleGg k|ltef k|:t't u/]sf

lyP . of]uf, :sfp6, d06]Zj/L, ljleGg ;+:s[lt emNsg] g[Tox? k|bz{g ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cj;/df pTs[i6 ljBfyL{nfO{ k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . nfdf] ;do;Dd ljBfnodf cWofkg u/L cjsfz x'ge' Psf lzIfsx? sdnf kf}8]n / lgd{nf uf}tdnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf]

lyof] eg] ljBfnodf /flvPsf] !^ j6f cIfosf]ifaf6 ljleGg #@ hgfnfO{ k'/:s[t ul/Psf] lyof] . jflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df ljBfnosf lgjt{dfg k|wfgfWofks xl/k|;fb uf}tdn] Ps nfv ?k}of“sf] cIfosf]if :yfkgf ug]{ 3f]if0ff ug'e { Psf] 5 . sfo{qmddf ljBfnosf ;xfos k|c nfndl0f cfrfo{ / lzIfs ljdnf uf}tdn] ;+oQ ' m ?kdf ;xhLs/0f ug'e { Psf] lyof] . dflj /em]gf lhNnfd} pTs[i6 ljBfnosf] ?kdf kl/lrt 5 . ljBfnodf g]kfnL / c+u]|hL dfWodaf6 k9fO x'G5 eg] k|fljlwstkm{ l;len OlGhlgo/ / lhof]Dofl6«s ljifo k9fO eO/x]sf] ljBfnosf lzIfs bfdf]b/ a:g]tn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

tLg :yfgLo txsf cfkm\g} k|x/L Pdl8PdP; sfof{Gjog /f]lsof] / f] Nkf, !% k'; . / f] Nkfdf tLg : yfgLo txn] cfkm\g} k|x/ L egf{ u/ ] sf 5g\ . lhNnfsf / f] Nkf gu/ kflnsf ;lxt ?lG6u9L / df8L ufp“kflnsfn] cfkm\g} k|x/ L egf{ u/ ] sf x'g\ . / f] Nkf gu/ kflnsf lhNnf ;b/ d'sfddf / x] sf] 5 eg] ?lG6u9L / df8L ufp“kflnsf gu/ f] Gd'v ufp“kflnsf x'g\ . ?lG6u9Ln] Ps dlxnf;lxt gf} gu/ k|x/ L egf{ u/ ] sf] 5 . / f] Nkf gu/ kflnsfn] tLg dlxnf;lxt !) gu/ k|x/ L egf{ u/ ] sf] 5 . gu/ k|x/ Ldf Ps k|x/ L xjNbf/ / x] sf 5g\ eg] gf} hgf k|x/ L hjfg / x] sf 5g\ . 6«flkms Joj: yfkg, ahf/ cg'udg, ko{6sLo If] qdf / x] sf ;+/ rgfsf] ;'/ Iffnufotsf sfddf;d] t gu/ k|x/ L kl/ rfng ul/ g] tL kflnsfn] hgfPsf 5g\ . lhNnfsf] df8L ufp“kflnsfn] ufp“ k|x/ Lsf] gfd lbP/ cfkm\g} k|x/ L egf{ u/ ] sf] 5 . p;n] b'O{ dlxnf;lxt ;fthgf ufp“ k|x/ L egf{ u/ ] sf] xf] . ufp“ k|x/ Ldf Pshgf k|x/ L ;xfos

dgf]l2ks===== lj/fdLnfO{ lgb]z { g, k'gk{ l" t{ ;"rgf, k"hL{ n]vgstf{sf] x:tfIf/ / ldlt ePsf] x'gk' g]{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . kmfd]l{ ;:6n] cf}iflw lbbf cf}iflw k"hL{ oL ;a} ljj/0f x]/]/ lbg' t k/}sf] s'/f ufp“– ufp“df v'n]sf d]l8sn / cf}iflw k;nn] cf}iflw k"hL{lag} lbg] u/]sf] u'gf;f] klg cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . ahf/ If]qdf /x]sf cf}iflw k;ndf ;d]t cf}iflw k"hL{lag} klg cf}iflw lbg] u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . bfªdf kmfd]l{ ;:6 ga;]/ c?n] g} cf}iflw a]r]sf] klg kfOPsf] cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefu g]kfnu~h zfvfsL k|dv ' lgg' >]i7 atfpg'xG' 5 . pxf“n] cg'udgsf qmddf sl/a

lg/ LIfs / 5 k|x/ L hjfg sfo{/ t 5g\ . gu/ k|x/ L ;'/ Iff / ljsf; ultljlwdf kl/ rfng x“'b} cfPsf] ?lG6u9L ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf hgs k'gn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . …zflGt ;'/ IffnfO{ r': t / fVgsf ;fy} cGo ultljlwdf;d] t gu/ k|x/ L kl/ rflnt x'G5g\Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] . gu/ k|x/LnfO{ ;nfdL, lk6L k/]8, eL8 lgoGq0f, /]:So", ljkt\ Joj:yfg tyf p4f/ / ;fdfGo xltof/ ;~rfng;DaGwL Ps dlxgfsf] tflnd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . k|x/LnfO{ sfof{no ;~rfng, r]g ckm sdf08nufotsf ljifodf;d]t tflnd lbOPsf] lyof] . /fh:j ;+sng, Goflos ;ldltnfO{ ;xof]u, ;/;kmfO, ko{6g ufO8 / sfof{no ;'/Iffsf] nflu pgLx¿nfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ ;f]r :yfgLo txsf] 5 . gu/ k|x/LnfO{ ;~rf/ ;]6, v's/' L / n7\7Lsf] ;xfotfn] ;'/Iff lbg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . k|x/Lsf] vr{ Joj:yfkg cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6 x'b“ } cfPsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . lhNnfdf Ps gu/kflnsf;lxt bz :yfgLo tx 5g\ . @% k|ltzt cf}iflw k;ndf cg'dltk|fKt geO{ cGon] cf} iflw a] r] sf] kfOPsf] atfpg'eof] . … kmfd] {l;: 6 cfkm} a;] / cf} iflw laqmL ljt/ 0f ug'{kg] { xf] . ljz] if u/ L …sÚ / …vÚ ;d"xsf] cf} iflw t cfkm} a] Rg'k5{ . … uÚ ;d"xsf] cf} iflwsf] xsdf cfkm\gf] pkl: yltdf cGo cg'ejL AolQmaf6 ;xof] u lng ;lsG5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …o; sfof{non] x] g] { ;a} lhNnfsf] 8f6f x] bf{ nueu @% k|ltzt cf} iflw k;n Joj;foL tyf kmfd] {l;: 6sf] cg'kl: yltdf ;~rfng ePsf] b] lvG5 .Ú cf} iflw P] gcGtu{t ag] sf lgodsf] alv{nfk sfd u/ ] df Ps jif{ s} b, kf“r xhf/ hl/ jfgf jf b'a} ;hfo x'g] sfg'gL Joj: yf 5 .

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf sf7df8f} +, !% k'; . g] kfn b"/ ;~rf/ k|flws/ 0fn] cj} w kmf] g lgoGq0f ug{] k|ljlw df] afOn l8efO; Dofg] hd] G6 l;: 6d -Pdl8PdP;_ tTsfn nfu' gug{] : ki6 kf/ ] sf] 5 . k|flws/ 0fn] z'qmaf/ b] lv pQm l;i6d nfu' ug{] tof/ L u/ ] sf] lyof] . rf} tkmL{?kdf pQm lg0f{osf] lj/ f] w ePkl5 ;/ sf/ n] tTsfnsf nflu Pdl8PdP; nfu' gug] { ePsf] xf] . j} b] lzs / f] huf/ Ldf / x] sf gful/ s / ;fdflhs ;~hfndf rsf] { cfnf] rgf ePkl5 k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ú n] pkk|wfg Pj+ cy{dGqL lji0f' kf} 8] nnfO{ tTsfn pQm lg0f{o sfof{Gjog gug{ lgb] {zg lbg'ePsf] xf] . k|wfgdGqLsf] lgb] {zg nuQ} k|flws/ 0fn] klg pQm lg0f{o tTsfnsf nflu : yug ePsf] / ljb] zaf6 cfpg] n] yk Pp6f df] afOn Nofpg kfpg] Joj: yf sfod} / x] sf] hgfPsf] 5 . ljb] zaf6 Psyfg df] afOn Nofp“bf ;/ sf/ n] !* k|ltzt;Dd s/ lng nfu] sf] eGb} j} b] lzs / f] huf/ Ldf / x] sf g] kfnLn] rsf] { lj/ f] w u/ ] sf lyP . ;j{q lj/ f] w ePkl5 tTsfn Pdl8PdP; : ylut u/ ] / lqe'jg

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u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

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To; cj;/ df u'?ª ;+: s[lt tyf uLtdf dgf] / ~hgsf sfo{qmd ePsf] ;ldltsf cWoIf ;'/ jL/ u'?ªn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] .

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cGt/ f{li6«o ljdfg: yn eG;f/ sfof{non] klg k'/ fg} lgod nfu' u/ ] sf] 5 . j} b] lzs / f] huf/ ljefusf cg';f/ ^) nfv a9L g]kfnLn] >d :jLs[lt lnP/ ljb]l;Psf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] k7fpg] ljk|]if0fsf cfwf/df d'ns ' sf] cy{tGq rnfodfg eO/x]sf] 5 . btf{aflx/ #^ nfv kmf] g ljb] zaf6 NofOPsf] df] afOn kmf] g btf{sf nflu kl5Nnf lbgdf k|flws/ 0fdf eL8 g} nfUg] u/ ] sf] ] lyof] . cgnfOg tyf JolQm : jo+ pkl: yt eP/ Pdl8PdP; nfu' ug{ ;lsg] Joj: yfkl5 btf{ ug{] sf] eL8 nfUg] u/ ] sf] k|flws/ 0fn] hgfPsf] lyof] . k|flws/ 0fn] ldlt g} tf] s] / -k'; !% ut] b] lv_ cj} w kmf] g g] kfndf grNg] pb\3f] if u/ ] kl5 kl5Nnf] ;do btf{sf nflu cfj] bg lbg] sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 x'g yfn] sf] k|flws/ 0fsf k|jQmf ;Gtf] if kf} 8] nn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . k|flws/ 0fsf] tYof+scg';f/ ut c;f] h ! b] lv k'; !@ ut] ;Dd cfj] bg cfPsfdWo] #^ nfv df] afOn kmf] g btf{ x'g ;s] sf 5} gg\ . k|flws/ 0fn] dfu] sf] cfjZos sfuhft a'emfpg g;Sbf #^ nfveGbf a9L df] afOn kmf] g Pdl8PdP; btf{ x'g g;s] sf] pxf“sf] egfO 5 . l;Sg] df} sf ldn] sf] atfpg'eof] . Ps cfk;df cGt/ 3"ng x'g] cj;/ ldn] sf] atfp“b} v] ndf xf/ lht h] eP klg of] lgs} dxTjk"0f{ l;sfOsf ?kdf lnPsf] atfpg'eof] . gjnk/ f;Lsf jf: tljs rf} w/ Ln] v] nsf] dfWodaf6 Ps cfk;df efjgfTds Pstfdf 6] jf k'u] sf] atfpg'eof] . k|b] z: t/ Lo elnjn k|ltof] lutf ndxLdf k|b] z: t/ Lo elnjn k|ltof] lutf ePsf] 5 . ^ lhNnfdf / x] sf

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sf7df8f},+ !% k'; . a|flhnsf ljZjrlr{t km"6an v]nf8L k]n]sf] *@ jif{sf] pd]/df lgwg ePsf] 5 . s]xL jif{otf d[uf}nfnufotsf] ;d:of em]ln/x]sf k]n]sf] laxLaf/ /flt a|flhnl:yt ;fcf]kfpnf]df /x]sf] cNa6{ cfOG;6fOg c:ktfndf lgwg ePsf] xf] . k]n]n] a|flhnnfO{ ljZjsk km"6an k|ltof]lutfsf] tLgk6s pkflw lbnfPsf lyP . k]n] ;xefuL ePsf] ;g\ !(%*,

!(^@ / !(&) sf] ljZjsk km"6an k|ltof] lutfdf a|flhnn] pkflw lht] sf] lyof] . o;} u/ L ;g\ @))) df k] n] lkmkmf Kn] o/ ckm b ;] Gr'/ Lsf] pkflwaf6 ;Ddflgt ePsf lyP . ;q jif{sf] pd] / df cGt/ f{li6o km"6andf 8] Ao' u/ ] sf k] n] sf] jf: tljs gfd eg] Plhl8;/ g P/ ] G6; 8f] gfl;d] G6f] xf] . k]n] kl5Nnf] ;do SofG;/af6 kLl8t lyP . pgL a|flhnsf] ldgf; u]/fO;df ;g\ !($) cS6f]a/ @# df hlGdPsf lyP .

PsfGtsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f;ef o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf 3f] / fxL, !% k'; . PsfGt 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yf 3f] / fxL–!% sf] bzf+} jflif{s ;fwf/ 0f;ef z'qmaf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;+: yfsf cWoIf z+s/ uf} tdsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] ;fwf/ 0f;efn] PsfGt 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yfn] kl5Nnf] Ps jif{df eP u/ ] sf ultljlw / cfufdL sfo{qmd ;d] 6] / ;+: yfsf ;lrj x] d/ fh zdf{n] k|: t't u/ ] sf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj] bg / sf] iffWoIf z/ bs'df/ cfrfo{n] k|: t't ug{' ePsf] cfly{s k|ltj] bg ;j{;Ddltn] kfl/ t u/ ] sf] 5 . ;fwf/ 0f;efn] 6f] ndf / x] sf ck'/ f ;8s sfnf] kq] / le+u|] nLrf] sb] lv k"j{tkm{sf] ;8sdf sfnf] kq] yk u/ L : t/ f] Ggltsf] nflu 3f] / fxL

pkdxfgu/ kflnsfdf dfu ug{] , ;8s aQL Aojl: yt / k|efjsf/ L agfpg] , 6f] n ;kmf / fVg lgoldt ;/ ;kmfOsf] Joj: yfkg ug{] , cfjZos ;xof] usf nflu 6f] naf;L;“u jflif{s?kdf cfly{s ;+sng ug{] nufotsf lg0f{o u/ ] sf] 5.

PsfGt 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yfsf sfo{;ldlt ;b: o dLg/ fh nD;fnsf] : jfut dGtAoaf6 z'? ePsf] ;fwf/ 0f;efdf a'l4dl0f kGt, gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{, bfdf] b/ vgfn, s] zj/ fh kf] v|] n, s'df/ j;Gt cfrfo{, Clif/ fh clwsf/ L, x] d/ fh clwsf/ Lnufotn] dGtAo JoQm ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yfsf ;lrj x] d/ fh zdf{n] ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

;ftfel/ g} cf+lzs abnL sf7df8f},+ !% k'; -o';_– cfufdL ;ftfel/ g} b]zsf] clwsf+z :yfgdf cf+lzsb]lv ;fdfGo abnL x'g] ePsf] 5 . hn tyf df};d lj1fg ljefun] ;fKtflxs df};d k"jf{gd' fg dxfzfvfsf cg';f/ b]zsf] w]/} :yfgdf ;ftfel/ g} abnL x'g5 ] . lxdfnL e"–efudf ;ftfsf] z'¿df ;fdfGob]lv k"0f{ abnL tyf kxf8L e"– efudf ;ftfsf] z'¿ / dWodf cf+lzsb]lv ;fdfGo abnLsf]

;Defjgf /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

To:t} lxdfnL e"–efudf ;ftfsf] z'¿ / dWodf s]xL :yfgdf xNsf jiff{÷lxdkftsf] ;d]t ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . k|bz ] g+= ! sf] kxf8L e"–efudf ;ftfsf] z'?jftdf l56k'6 jiff{sf] ;Defjgf 5 . b]ze/ clwstd tyf Go"gtd tfkqmd xNsf 36\g] tyf t/fO{ e"– efudf ;ftfsf clwsf+z lbgdf laxfg / /flt x':;'–s'lx/f] nfUg] ;Defjgf 5 .

cf7j6f ;+: yfsf] k|ltlglwTj ub} { rf/ j6f lszf] / / rf/ j6f lszf] / L ;d"xaLr : 6«f] d kmfpG8] ;gsf] ;xof] udf k|b] z: t/ Lo elnjn k|ltof] lutf ul/ Psf] xf] . k|b] z: t/ Lo lszf] / lszf] / L ;~hfnsf cWoIf åfl/ sfk|;fb xl/ hgsf] cWoIftf tyf n'lDagL k|b] z cfGtl/ s dfldnf, sfg'g tyf ;~rf/ dGqL ltns/ fd zdf{sf] k|d'v cfltYotf Pj+ ndxL gu/ kflnsfsL pkk|d'v nIdL of] uLsf] ljlzi6 cfltYotfdf sfo{qmd ePsf] lyof] . b'O{ lbg;Dd ndxLdf ePsf] v] ns"b sfo{qmddf bfª, / f] Nkf, Ko'7fg, slknj: t', ?kGb] xL / gjnk/ f;L ^ lhNnfaf6 cf7j6f ;+: yfsf] k|ltlglwTj ub} { lszf] / /

lszf] / L ;d"xx?n] elnan k|ltof] lutfdf efu lnPsf x'g\ . k|ltof] lutfdf x'/ ] s / f] Nkf, ;fx; g] kfn / f] Nkf, sflnsf ljsf; s] Gb| Ko'7fg, dfgj sNof0f tyf jftfj/ 0f ;+/ If0f s] Gb| bfª, ls8\ofs{ slknj: t', l;4fy{ ;fdflhs ljsf; slknj: t', ;'gufef ;fd'bflos ljsf; s] Gb| ?kGb] xL, PaL;L gjnk/ f;Ln] efu lnPsf lyP . lszf] / ;d"xaf6 elnandf PaL;L g] kfn gjnk/ f;L k|yd eof] eg] x'/ ] s / f] Nkf bf] ;|f] ePsf] 5 . o: t} lszf] / L ;d"xaf6 ;fx; g] kfn / f] Nkf k|yd eof] eg] ;fdflhs ljsf; slknj: t' bf] ;|f] ePsf] 5 . k|ltof] lutfdf pTs[i6 v] nf8Lsf ?kdf PaL;L

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lr;f]df aflx/ glg:sf}+, w'd|kfg dBkfg gu/f}+, ?3fvf]sL nfUgaf6 arf}+, lrNnf] tyf af];f]o'Qm vfg]s'/f gvfcf}+, zf/Ll/s JofofdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbcf}+, x[bo /f]u, df]6f]kg sf]n]:6«f]n, /Qmrfk, dw'd]xh:tf ;d:of ePsf JolQmn] :jf:Yo k/LIf0f u/f}+ . hf8f]sf] hf]lvdaf6 cfkm" klg arf}+ / c?nfO{ klg arfcf}+ .

xf8hf]gL{ b'Vg] afy /f]u / bd s]an Ps xKtfd} cf/fd w zL3| ktg /f]Sg], of} g pQ]hgf a9fpg] / of]gf+usf] ljsf; u/fpg] w dlxnfx?sf] k]6df /x]sf] ;]tf] w;f{ / lr/f x6fpg] gf] ;fO8 w skfn emg{ /f]sL k'gM pdfg]{ .

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o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf t'n;Lk'/, !% k'; . ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] z}lIfs ;'wf/sf nflu t'n;Lk'/df z'qmaf/ cGtlq{mof sfo{qmd ul/Psf] 5 . t'n;Lk'/ pk– dxfgu/kflnsfsf] lzIff, o'jf tyf v]ns"b dxfzfvfsf] cfof]hgfdf cGtlq{mof sfo{qmd ul/Psf] xf] . sfo{qmddf t'n;Lk'/ If]qdf /x]sf ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf sfo{/t k|wfgfWofks, ljBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf, cleefjs tyf lzIfs Pj+ lzIff;“u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] AolQmsf] ;xeflutf lyof] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} lzIffljb\ k|f=8f= ljBfgfy sf]O/fnfn] ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] z}lIfs ;'wf/sf nflu :yfgLo ;/sf/n] w]/} 7"nf] of]hgf agfpg' gkg]{ atfpg'eof] . :yfgLo ;/sf/ k|dv ' sf] ;f]rfO dfq} kl/jt{g x'g ;s]df lzIffdf cfd"n kl/jt{g x'g] pxf“sf] egfO lyof] . lzIffsf] ;'wf/sf nflu w]/} 7"nf] xfpu'hL pAhfPsf] eGb}

x:gfk'/ a]n6fs'/f vfg]kfgLdf gof“ g]t[Tj o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf t'n;Lk'/, !% k'; . t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf–!! x:gfk'/ a]n6fs'/f vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO ;ldltsf] cf7f}+ ;fwf/0f;ef tyf clwj]zgn] gof“ g]t[Tj rog u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf cWoIf 3d08axfb'/ dNnsf] cWoIftf tyf t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsf–!! sf j8f ;b:o o1axfb'/ a:g]tsf] k|dv ' cfltYotf Pj+ :jf:Yo rf}sL a]n6fs'/fsf k|dv ' lrqaxfb'/ jnLsf] ljlzi6 cfltYotfdf ePsf] ;fwf/0f;efsf] aGb;qn] gf} ;b:oLo gof“ sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] xf] . uf]s0f{ vqLsf] cWoIftfdf ;j{;Ddt gof“

g]t[Tj rog ul/Psf] xf] . ;ldltsf] pkfWoIfdf 6]sfgGb b]jsf]6f, ;lrjdf t]haxfb'/ rGb, sf]iffWoIfdf xl/k|;fb jnL x'gx' G' 5 . o;}u/L ;b:ox?df hLtaxfb'/ k'g, y'daxfb'/ g]kfnL, clhtf e08f/Lnufot x'gx' G' 5 . vfg]kfgL ;+:yfaf6 rf/ ;o kf“r 3/df wf/f ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;ldltsf pkfWoIf dfgaxfb'/ 8f“uLsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] ;efdf g]kfnL sf+u]|; j8f ;efklt x]daxfb'/ jnL, Pdfn]sf ;Gtf]if s];L, ;dfh;]jL ch{g' s];Lnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . ;efdf sf]iffWoIf xl/k|;fb jnLn] cfly{s k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug'e { Psf] lyof] .

g] kfnsf hugf/ fo0f yf?, l;4fy{ ;fdflhs ljsf;df cl;d l;+hfnL / fgf 3f] lift x'g'eof] . sfo{qmddf b] pv'/ L ax'd'vL SofDk; k|d'v lzj jnL, k"j{ SofDk; k|d'v z] ifdl0f uf} td, g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvf pkfWoIf a;'Gw/ f uf} tdnufotn] z'esfdgf dGtJo JoQm ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

kl/ of] hgfn] ;+jfb ;d"x dfkm{t ;d'bfo: t/ df lszf] / lszf] / Lx?df lzIff, : jf: Yo / ;r] rgfsf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub} { cfPsf] 5 . dfgj sNof0f tyf jftfj/ 0f ;+/ If0f s] Gb|sf cWoIf lgd{nf uf} tdsf] : jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f ;lrj s] kL l3ld/ ] n] ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

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