२०७९ जेठ १ गते आइतवार

CMYK

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(Naya Yugbodh National Daily May. 15, 2022)

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o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf 3f] / fxL, #! j} zfv . :yfgLo tx lgjf{rg @)&( cGtu{t bfªdf gf} j6f :yfgLo txdf dtu0fgf z'? ePsf] 5 . j} zfv #) ut] dtbfg eP klg clwsf+zdf zlgaf/b] lv dtu0fgf z'? ePsf] xf] . kf/lDes glthfcg';f/ bfªsf rf/j6f :yfgLo txdf g] kfnL sf+u] ;, tLgj6f :yfgLo txdf dfcf] jfbL s] Gb / b'O{j6f :yfgLo txdf u7aGwgn] cutf sfod u/] sf 5g\ . zlgaf/ a] n'sf ( jh] ;Ddsf] dt kl/0ffdcg';f/ aaO{, zflGtgu/, b+uLz/0f / ndxL gu/kflnsfdf g] kfnL sf+u] ;n] kd'v, pkkd'vdf

:jtGq pDd]bjf/sf] Kofgn} ljhoL ?s'd klZrd, #! j} zfv -o';_– ?s'd klZrdsf] lqj] 0fL ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= ! df :jtGq pDd] bjf/ ;'Gb/ cf] nL Kofgn;lxt ljhoL x'g'ePsf] 5 . j8fWoIfsf :jtGq pDd] bjf/ cf] nL sf+u] ; / dfcf] jfbLsf pDd] bjf/nfO{ kl5 kfb{} ljhoL x'g'ePsf] xf] . pxf“n] kf“r ;o && dt Nofpg'ePsf] 5 . bf] ;f] ePsf dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf nId0f cf] nLn] rf/ !& / g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf d': sfg cf] nLn] $$ dt kfKt ug'{ePsf] 5 . o;} u/L :jtGq Kofgnaf6 dlxnf ;b:o kf“r ;o #!, blnt dlxnf ;b:o kf“r ;o #^, v'nf ;b:o kf“r ;o ;ft / v'nf ;b:odf rf/ ;o (@ dt kfKt u/L ljhoL x'g'ePsf] 5 . :jtGq ;d"x dfcf]jfbL s]Gbsf afuL pDd]bjf/ p7]sf lyP .

cutf lnPsf] 5 eg] /fKtL, u9jf / /fhk'/ df g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gbn] cutf sfod u/] sf] 5 . To:t} u7aGwgtsf] tkm{af6 3f] / fxL / a+unfr'nLdf cutf 5 . oL b'a} kflnsfsf] kd'vdf dfcf] jfbL s] Gb / pkkd'vdf g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf pDd] bjf/ 5g\ . aaO{ ufp“kflnsfdf g] kfnL sf+u] ;n] kd'vdf 5 ;o $% / pkkd'vdf kf“r ;o (& dtn] cutf lnPsf] 5 eg] p;nfO{ Pdfn] sf] kd'vdf kf“r ;o @!, pkkd'vdf kf“r ;o !@, g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf] kd'vdf tLg ;o !! / pkkd'vdf tLg ;o #@ dtsf ;fy k5\ ofO/x] sf 5g\ . o:t} zflGtgu/df klg g] kfnL sf+u] ;n] kd'vdf 5 ;o !&, pkkd'vdf kf“r ;o (^ dtsf ;fy

cutf 5 eg] dfcf] jfbL s] Gbn] kd'vdf kf“r ;o #@ / pkkd'vdf kf“r ;o %( tyf g] skf Pdfn] n] kd'vdf tLg ;o && / pkkd'vdf tLg ;o ^) dtsf ;fy k5\ofO/x] sf 5g\ . o;} u/L b+uLz/0fdf klg sf+u] ;sf] cutf 5 . sf+u] ;n] kd'vdf Ps xhf/ b'O{ ;o *!, pkkd'vdf Ps xhf/ b'O{ ;o cf7 dtn] cutf lnPsf] 5 eg] g] skf Pdfn] n] kd'vdf Ps xhf/ ^% / pkkd'vdf Ps xhf/ !@ tyf dfcf] jfbL s] Gbn] kd'vdf Ps ;o (( dtsf ;fy k5\ofO/x] sf 5g . o;} u/L kf/lDes glthf cg';f/ ndxL gu/kflnsfdf sf+u] ;n] kd'vdf / pkkd'vdf g] skf Pdfn] n] cutf lnPsf 5g\ . o;} u/L 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf u7aGwgn] kd'vdf Ps xhf/ Ps ;o $( / pkkd'vdf Ps xhf/ b'O{ ;o @^ dtsf ;fy cutf lnPsf] 5 . Pdfn] n] kd'vdf gf} ;o %$ / pkkd'vdf gf} ;o !^ dtn] k5\ ofO/x] sf] 5 . To:t} u7aGwgn] g} a+unfr'nLdf kd'v / pkkd'vdf cutf lnPsf] 5 . u7aGwgn] kd'vdf kf“r ;o %# / pkkd'vdf kf“r ;o ^) tyf g] skf Pdfn] n] kd'vdf rf/ ;o ^@ / pkkd'vdf rf/ ;o %) dtn] k5\ofO/x] sf] 5 . To:t} /fKtL ufp“kflnsfdf g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gbn] kd'vdf cf7 ;o %) n] cutf lnPsf] 5 eg] pkkd'vdf g] kfnL sf+u] ;n] kf“r ;o &# dtn] cutf lnPsf] 5 . g] skf Pdfn] n] kd'vdf kf“r ;o !# / g] kfnL sf+u] ;n] rf/ ;o ^* dtn] k5\ofO/x] sf 5g\ . o:t} pkkd'vdf /fhdf] n] kf“r ;o %%, g] skf Pdfn] n] kf“r ;o $( dtn] k5\ofO/x] sf 5g\ . o:t} u9jf ufp“kflnsfdf g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gbn] cutf lnPsf] 5 . dfcf] jfbL s] Gbn] kd'vdf rf/ ;o (( / pkkd'vdf g] skf Pdfn] n] kf“r ;o !) dtn] cutf lnPsf] 5 . kd'vdf g] skf af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

t'n;Lk'/df pkd]o/sf pDd]bjf/ kqmfp o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf 3f] / fxL, #! j} zfv . bfªdf v's'/ L kxf/ u/] sf] cf/f] kdf t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf pkd] o/ kbsf pDd] bjf/ kqmfp kg'{ePsf] 5 . pkd] o/ kbsf :jtGq pDd] bjf/ ;'zLn uGwj{nfO{ kx/Ln] kqmfp u/] sf] xf] . Onfsf kx/L sfof{no t'n;Lk'/ sf kx/L gfoj pk/LIfs Zofd' cof{nsf cg';f/ t'n;Lk'/ –$ l:yt pDd] bjf/ uGwj{s} 3/glhs} b'O{kIfaLr em8k ePsf] xf] . v's'/ L kxf/af6

cGo rf/hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . t'n;Lk'/ –$ lgjf;L jif{ @* sf s'naxfb'/ cf] nLsf] afof“ xft / 6fpsf] df rf] 6 nfu] sf] 5 . To;} u/L #) jifL{o rGbaxfb'/ cf] nL / @@ jifL{o k] dksfz v8\sfsf] 6fpsf] df rf] 6 nfu] sf] 5 . b'a} hgfnfO{ kfb] lzs c:ktfn t'n;Lk'/ df pkrf/kZrft d] l8sn sn] h sf] xnk'/ df k7fOPsf] 5 . ;f] xL 7fp“ a:g] @* jifL{o /d] z v8\sfsf] 6fpsf] df rf] 6 nfu] sf] /fKtL kfb] lzs c:ktfn t'n;Lk'/ df pkrf/ eO/x] sf] 5 . k"hfsf] a] nfdf dlb/f ;] jg u/] kl5

ljjfb x'“bf em8k ePsf] lyof] . lbp“;f] lgjf{rgdf ;fdfGo ljjfb ePsf] / To;} nfO{ lnP/ ;f“em em8k ePsf] x'g ;Sg] kx/Ln] atfPsf] 5 . z'qmaf/ lbp“;f] dtbfg:yndf uGwj{sf 5f] / f ;'dg / s] xL o'jfx?aLr r'gfjL krf/k;f/sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ ljjfb ePsf] lyof] . 5f] / f ;'dgnfO{ tL o'jfx?n] lk6\g yfn] kl5 To;sf] kltsf/sf nflu uGwj{ hfg'ePsf] lyof] . lgjf{rgs} lbg z'qmaf/ /flt ;f9] ( ah] lt/ pQm 36gf ePsf] xf] .

36gfsf] ljifodf yk cg';Gwfg eO/x] sf] kx/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .

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vf] Hg'kg] {, 3/;Dd Nofpg'kg] {, af“; sf6] / ldnfpg'kg] { h:tf sfd ug{ ufxf] k5{ . ;lhnf] ;“u ug{ ;lsg] x:tsnfsf] ;fduL agfpgsf nflu cj;/sf] vf] hLdf x'g'x'G5 . …of] sfd afWotfn] ug{'k/] sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] d h:tf JolQmnfO{ cj;/ h'/ fpg'kg] { xf] Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …gof“ sfd kfP ug] { lyP“ .Ú pxf“nfO{ ufp“ 3'Dg] /x/ 5 t/ lx“88'n ug{ ;Sg] s'/ f ePg . /fdf] x\jLnlro/;Dd 5} g . x\jLnlro/ lsGg] k} ;f klg 5} g . …cfkm\gf] v'§fdf

3f]/fxL–!% bLklzvf :s'nb]lv klZrd & ld= lkraf6f]df /x]sf] !^ xft df]x8f / &$ xft lk5jf8 ePsf] cfsif{s 38]/L laqmLdf 5 . ;Dks{ g+=M (*$&(@$@^), (*^^^)(^^#

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pleP/ lx8\g t ;lSbg“ t/ dnfO{ ldNg] x\jLnlro/ rflxPsf] lyof] Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …d d] / f] ufp“ 3'Dg rfxG5' .Ú lvdfgGbsf] /] vb] v a'jf / cfdfn] ub} { cfpg'ePsf] 5 . lvdfgGbsf a'jf k] dnfn ltjf/L dfcf] jfbL o'4df lx8\g'eof] . ;fgf] df 5f] 8] / uPsf ltjf/Ln] /fdf] ;“u 5f] / fsf] /] vb] v ug{ ;Sg'ePg . kf“r jif{kl5 3/ kmls{bf lvdfgGb lx“88'n ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf x'g'x'GYof] . clxn] k] dnfnn] ckf+utf 5f] / fsf] /] vb] vdf ;do latfpg'ePsf]

5 . …d] / f b'O{ 5f] / f x'g\ . clxn] h] 7f] 5f] / f 5'l§Psf] 5 . sfG5f] 5f] / fsf] x] / larf/df 5'Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …;GtfgnfO{ ;d:of kbf{ cleefjsnfO{ 7"nf] kL8f x'g] /x] 5 . Tof] kL8f ef] Ub} 5f} + .Ú cfly{s cj:yf sdhf] / ePsf sf/0f 5f] / fsf] eljio agfpg g;Sbf kL8fdf /xg'ePsf k] dnfn eSsflgg'x'G5 . pxf“nfO{ oxL 5f] / fsf] hLjg ;xh agfpg] lrGtfn] ;tfpg] u5{ . …xfdL gx“'bf s] s;/L unf{ eGg] 7"nf] lk/ x'“bf] / x] 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …xftdf ;Lk / Ifdtf w] / } 5 . /fdf] ;“u :s"n k9\g gkfP klg o;n] cfkm\gf efjgfx? /fdf] ;“u JoQm ug{ ;S5 . xftsf] ;Lkn] ;fdfg agfp“5 .Ú k] dnfn 5f] / fnfO{ x:tsnfsf] cGo sfddf cl3 a9fpg rfxg'ePsf] 5 t/ /fdf] ;“u pxf“sf] 5f] / f] sf] ;Lksf] k/LIf0f / cj;/ kfKt ePsf] 5} g . cj;/ / ;Lk k/LIf0f u/] / x:tsnfsf] pBddf ;xefuL u/fpg Wofg lbg cfjZos 5 . ;/f] sf/jfnf lgsfo / ;/sf/n] ckf+utf ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ cj;/ / ;Lk x:tfGt/0fdf Wofg lbg'kg{] ;fdflhs cleoGtf u+uf/fd e§/fO{n] atfpg'eof] . …:yfgLo ;/sf/n] ckf+utf ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ /fdf] ;“u cj;/x? l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg'k5{Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …h] cfjZostf 5 . ;f] cg';f/sf] sfd / ;Lk b'a} kbfg u/] / hLjgofkg ;xh agfOg'k5{ .Ú

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q Ps/fh e08f/L t'n;Lk'/ , #! j} zfv . j} zfv !& ut] zlgaf/ kq] vf] nf k'nsf] b'a} tkm{sf Pkf] rdf df6f] eg] { / ;Dofpg] sfd eof] . To;kl5 s] xL lbg 7"nf, ;fgf ;jf/L ;fwgx? klg rn] t/ of] qmd Ps ;ftf klg l6s] g . k'nsf] b'a} tkm{sf Pkf] rdf 7"nf vfN6f kl/;s] sf 5g\ . clxn] k'n dflyaf6 k} bn ofq', ;fOsn / df] 6/;fOsn dfq lx+8\g ;Sg] cj:yf 5 . ut r} t #) ut] lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug'{kg] { Dofb ;lsPsf] kq] vf] nf k'nnfO{ lgdf{0f sDkgLn] …xfQL l5¥of] , k'R5/ c8\Sof] Ú eGg] g] kfnL pvfg rl/tfy{ x'g] cj:yfdf k'¥ofP/ 5f8] sf] 5 .

Pkf] rdf df6f] e/] / ;DofO;s] kl5 cfjZos ufe] n /fv] / /f] n/n] rfKg'kg] { xf] t/ lgdf{0f sDkgLn] To;f] u/] g, df6f] e/] / dfq 5f] l8lbof] . h;n] ubf{ 3fd nfUbf w'nfDo tyf kfgL kbf{ hndUg / lxnfDo x'g] cj:yf 5 . …sfd k"/ f g;lsb} k'n dflyaf6 ;jf/L ;fwg rNg glbg'kg] { xf] . lgdf{0f sDkgLn] To;f] u/] g a? yf] / } eP klg vr{ hf] ufpg] p2] Zon] xf] nf df6f] 5/] / 5f] l8lbof] .Ú t'n;Lk'/ –!& sf dfwj zdf{ eGg'x'G5– …x] bf{ k'n lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;DkGg eO;s] sf] h:tf] b] v] kl5 ;jf/L ;fwgx? k'n dflyaf6 rNg yfn] . cw'/ f] sfd ePsf] k'ndfly 7"nf / nf] 8;lxtsf ;jf/L ;fwg klg lx+8] t/ Ps xKtf gx'“b} af6 rf/ kf+u] uf8L rNg g;Sg] cj:yf cfof] .Ú laxLjf/sf] jiff{kl5 kq] vf] nf k'nsf] ofqf cem si6s/ aGof] . Pkf] rdf ePsf 7"nf vfN6fdf hd] sf] kfgL / df6f] dfq} ePsf sf/0f lxnfDo 5 . h;n] ubf{ k'n lgdf{0f eP klg ofqf ;xh

x'g g;s] sf] t'n;Lk'/ –!% sf rGbnfn rf} w/L atfpgx'G5 . …d b"w Joj;foL x'“, a] nem'08Laf6 lbgx'“ 3f] / fxL k'Ug'k5{ . cl3Nnf] jif{ kq] vf] nfs} sf/0f lgs} b'Mv kfOof] . of] jif{ t k'n aG5 ls eGg] cfzf lyof] . k'n t aGof] t/ lx+8\g gldNg] ÛÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …avf{ z'? eO;Sof] . cwsNrf] sfd ePsf] 5 . Ps lbg kfgL kbf{ t k'naf6 lx+8\g ;Sg] cj:yf 5} g . emg avf{e/ s] xfnt xf] nf < To;} n] ;dod} k'nsf] b'a} tkm{ ufe] n gug] { xf] eg] of] jif{ klg hgtfn] kf] xf] / ;fnsf] h:t} b'Mv kfpg] lglZrt 5 .Ú t'n;Lk'/ –& sf honfn rf} w/Ln] 3f] / fxL– t'n;Lk'/ ;8sv08df ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg yfn] sf] jiff} {+ eof] . kq] vf] nf k'n lgdf{0fsf] sfd b] v] / cfkm" b+u ePsf] pxf“ ;'gfpg'x'G5 . …d} n] ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg z'? ubf{ 3f] / fxL– t'n;Lk'/ sf s'g} vf] nfdf k'n lyPgg\ ;a} lt/ ;d:of lyof] . clxn] k'n agfpg z'? gePsf afx] s cGo vf] nfdf ;d:of 5} gÚ– pxf“ eGg'x'G5– …d} n] uf8L rnfpg z'? u/] sf] cf7 jif{ eof] . of] k'n Tolta] nfb] lv g} aGg yfn] sf] xf] . d} n] clxn] klg oxL af6f] df uf8L rnfp“b} 5' t/ of] k'n cem} lx+8\g ldNg] ag] g . of] kq] vf] nfsf] sfd b] v] / d cfZro{rlst 5' . b'O{ lbg t k'n dflyaf6 uf8L rnfOof] . clxn] k'naf6 rNg ;Sg] cj:yf 5} g . k'n ag] sf] 5, lx+8\g ldNb} g ÛÚ

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sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf ju{;dGjosf] /fhgLlt hgdtsf] plrt ljZn]if0f / ;Ddfg ug'{ cfjZos :yfgLo tx lgjf{rg @)&( ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg eP/ b] zAofkL?kdf dtu0fgf hf/L /x] sf] 5 . yf] / } dtbftf /x] sf :yfgLo txsf] glthf ;fj{hlgs eO/x] sf] 5 eg] w] / } dtbftf /x] sf :yfgLo txdf clGtd dtu0fgf cfpg s] xL lbg nfUg ;S5 . kf/lDes ?emfg x] bf{ sf7df7f} + dxfgu/nufotsf s] xL kflnsfdf :jtGq pDd] bjf/sf] babaf b] lvP klg ;fdfGotM o;cl3s} kd'v bnx?sf] jr{Zj b] lvPsf] 5 . :yfgLo tx lgjf{rg @)&$ sf] glthfcg';f/ b'O{ ;o ($ kflnsf kd'v÷cWoIf lht] / :yfgLo ;/sf/df g] skf Pdfn] klxnf] bnsf] ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] lyof] eg] b'O{ ;o ^^ kflnsf kd'v÷cWoIf lht] / g] kfnL sf+u] ; bf] ;f] 7"nf] bnsf] ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] lyof] . To:t} g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gbn] Ps ;o 5, ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf] / d -xfn h;kf_ n] #$, /fkkfn] @% / cGo bnn] @* kflnsf kd'v÷cWoIf lht] sf lyP . kfFr jif{kl5 ePsf] :yfgLo tx lgjf{rgsf] ;Dk"0f{ glthf cfOg;s] sf] eP klg cutfsf] cj:yf x] bf{ g] kfnL sf+u] ;n] ;a} eGbf w] / } , To;kl5 qmdzM g] skf Pdfn] / g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gbn] a9L kflnsf kd'v÷cWoIf lhTg] b] lvPsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] :yfgLo tx lgjf{rgdf g] kfnL sf+u] ;leq Pstf lyPg eg] g] skf Pdfn] ljeflht ePsf] lyPg . clxn] To;ljk/Lt /fli6«o dxflwj] zgkl5 sf+u] ; Pstfa4 eP/ cl3 a9] sf] 5 eg] Pdfn] df ljefhg cfPsf] 5 . ljefhgnfO{ bnx?n] ;fdfGo?kdf lng] eP klg r'gfjL kl/0ffddf ;fgf] ljefhgn] 7"nf] c;/ /fVg] ub{5 . eGg t clxn] Pdfn] ljeflht x'Fbf dtbftf tx;Dd 7"nf] c;/ gk'u] sf] g] tfx? atfpg] u/] sf lyP t/ lgjf{rg kl/0ffd x] bf{ ;f] bfaL k'li6 x'g] b] lvPg . ljeflht eP/ hfg] x? cfkm" ljhoL geP klg ;+: yfkgnfO{ x/fpg lg0ff{os x'G5g\ . rfx] g] kfnL sf+u] ; ljeflht eP/ sf+u] ; / sf+u] ; khftflGqs ePsf] a] nfdf xf] ;\, rfx] Pdfn] / dfn] ag] sf] a] nfdf xf] ;\, rfx] dfcf] jfbL ljleGg 6'qmfdf ljeflht ePsf] a] nfdf xf] ;\ of clxn] Pdfn] / PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL ljeflht cj:yfdf /x] sf] a] nfdf xf] ;\ . ;a} ljeflht r'gfjL kl/0ffdsf lx;fan] kL8fbfoL g} aGg] u/] sf 5g\ . clxn] r'gfjL ?emfg x] bf{ ljefhgsf sf/0f Pdfn] n] s] xL ;+Vof u'dfpg] , sf+u] ;n] s] xL yKg] , dfcf] jfbLn] s] xL yKb} s] xL u'dfpFb} cfkm\gf] k'/ fgf] ;+Vof oyfjt /fv] / u7aGwg ;kmn ePsf] v08df klxn] sf] eGbf s] xL kflnsf yKg] b] lvG5 . r'gfjsf] clGtd kl/0ffd cfOg;s] sfn] clxn] g} o;sf] ;duL ;dLIff ug'{ xtf/ x'G5 t/ klg dtbfg klqmof / kf/lDes ?emfgaf6 b] lvPsf tYox?sf] /fhgLlts bnx?n] ulx/f] ljZn] if0f ug'{ h?/L 5 . ;fdfGotM g] kfndf ^) b] lv &) kltzt;Dd dtbfg x'g] u/] sf] 5 . of] lgjf{rgdf em08} ^% kltzt dt v;] sf] lgjf{rg cfof] un] hgfPsf] 5 . #% kltzt dtbftfn] ;xeflutf hgfpg gkfpg] cj:yf lgZro g} /fdf] xf] Og . 7"nf] ;+Vofdf dtbftf ljb] zdf 5g\ . b] zleq} ePsfdWo] klg w] / } n] dtbfgdf ?lr b] vfPgg\ . bfªdf Ps nfv a9L dtbftfn] dtbfg u/] gg\ . ufdL0feGbf zx/L If] qsf dtbftfsf] /fhgLltklt rf;f] 36\b} uPsf] klg of] tYon] b] vfpF5 . o;sf] klg /fhgLlts bn / ;/sf/n] ;dLIff ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . ljb] zdf /x] / dtbfg ug{ g;Sg' Pp6f afWotfsf] cj:yf xf] eg] b] zleq} /x] / klg lgjf{rgdf efu lng] tTk/tf gb] lvg' ;dLIffsf] ljifo xf] . To:t} 7"nf] ;+Vofdf j} b] lzs /f] huf/Ldf /x] sf g] kfnLn] dtbfg ug{ gkfpg' klg ;d:of xf] . h;n] sdfP/ k7fPsf] ljk] if0faf6 b] z rn] sf] 5, pgLx?n] g} dtbfg ug{ gkfpg] cj:yfsf] cGTo ug{ dtbftf jf gful/stf gDa/sf] cfwf/df cgnfOg ef] l6ªsf] Aoj:yf ldnfpg'kg] { bfloTjklt Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 . clxn] sf7df8f} +nufot s] xL zx/L If] qdf :jtGq pDd] bjf/klt cfsif{0f a9] sf] 5 . of] Psflt/ k'/ fgf bnx?kltsf] ljsif{0f xf] eg] csf] {lt/ :jtGq pDd] bjf/n] cl3 ;fg] { Ph] 08fkltsf] cfsif{0f klg xf] . csf] {lt/ cTolws bnLo kefj ePsf If] qsf] dt kl/0ffd x] g] { xf] eg] /fhgLlts bnsf] cfJxfgeGbf dtbftfn] bfofFafofF u/] sf] b] lvb} g . bnx?n] h'g pDd] bjf/sf] kIfdf h'g 9fFrfdf dtbfg ug{ eg] sf 5g\, ToxL 9fFrfdf dtbfg ePsf] 5 . of] tYoaf6 s] a'em\g ;lsG5 eg] cem} klg w] / } dtbftfx?n] /fhgLlts bnnfO{ ljZjf; u5{g\ . cem a;f] af;sf lx;fan] x] g] { xf] eg] zxl/of dtbftf gLlt / g] t[Tjsf] kl/jt{g rfxG5g\ eGg] b] lvG5 eg] ufdL0f If] qsf dtbftf /fhgLlts bnx?n] g} s] xL ug{;S5g\ eGg] ljZjf;df b] lvG5g\ . o;sf] klg /fhgLlts bnx?n] ulx/f] ljZn] if0f ug'{k5{ tf ls bnx?kltsf] dtbftfsf] ljZjf;dfly 3ft gxf] ;\ . oLnufot y'k} sf] 0faf6 :yfgLo tx lgjf{rg @)&( nfO{ ljZn] if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] ulx/f] ljZn] if0f / ;dLIff;lxt dtbftfsf] abln+bf] rfxgfnfO{ ;Daf] wg ug{ bnx? uDeL/ aGg'k5{ / cfufdL sfo{of] hgf klg pgLx?n] ;f] xLcg'?k tof/ ug'{k5{ . cfjlws lgjf{rg g] tf r'Gg] k0ffnL dfq xf] Og, ;d;flos cj:yfklt hgtfsf] ljrf/ a'em\g] cj;/ klg xf] . klxn] Pp6f bnnfO{ lhtfPsf] 7fpFdf clxn] csf] { bnnfO{ lhtfPsf 5g\, st} pxL bnsf cflwsfl/s pDd] jf/nfO{ x/fP/ cgflwsfl/s pDd] bjf/nfO{ lhtfPsf 5g\, st} :jtGq pDd] bjf/sf] kIfdf dtbfg u/] sf 5g\ . oL ;a} 36gfqmd dtbftfn] kl/jt{g rfxG5g\ eGg] ;Gb] z xf] , o;nfO{ a'em] / bnx? ulx/f] ;dLIff;lxt cl3 a9\g' cfjZos 5 .

s;n] s] eg] < Pdfn] Psflt/, u7aGwg csf{lt/ . d"ntM b]z b'O{ bnLo k0ffnLlt/ hfg] b]lvof] .

– s] kL zdf{ cf] nL -g] skf Pdfn] sf cWoIf_ hLtdf cgfjZos xf}l;g] / k/fhodf k"/} lg/fz x'g] dfgl;stfaf6 nf]stGq ;'b[9 x'g ;Sb} g . d'Vo s'/ f] lgjf{rg ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg x'g'k5{ eGg] xf] .

– k'iksdn bfxfn …kr08 -dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf cWoIf_ dfof dfof xf] . of] efjgf dfq xf] Og, of] Jojxf/, ljZjf;, ;Ddfg clg ;dk{0f xf] . dfof dgdf eP/ dfq x'Fb} g, Jojxf/df nfu' x'g'k5{ . zfob dfof eGg] zAb gePsf] eP ;+;f/ ;Dej x'g] lyPg . dfof d} cl8Psf] 5 b'lgofF . d ;o jif{ afFRg'sf] k5fl8 klg dfofsf] ;fy 5 . dfof /f] lsof] eg] ;+;f/ /f] lsG5 . ;ayf] s dfof xf] . o;sf] aofg ug{} ;lsGg .

– ;Todf] xg hf] zL -ztfAbLk'?if ;+: s[ltljb\_ k'?if, kl/jf/, lkt[;Qf, dlxnfsf] h} ljs khgg Ifdtfh:tf s] Gbdf dfq} kxf/ u/] / n8fOF lhltFb} g . zf] if0f / pTkL8gsf] ;+/ rgf tof/ ug{] k"FhLjfbL Joj:yf g} xfdf] dlxnfsf] d'Vo zq' xf] .

– clgtf kl08t -n] vs_

/fHo Joj:yfsf] kl/kf6Lsf ;Gbe{df ju{;+3if{ / ;j{xf/f >dhLjL clwgfosTjsf] kl/efiff ju{sf] dfS;{jfbsf] cfwf/e"t tyf u'bL kl/efiff xf] . Tof] kl/kf6L :yfkgfsf lgldQ ;+;f/sf dhb'/ Ps xf} + eGg] pgsf] gf/f xf] . k"“hLklt ju{ / dhb'/ ju{sf ju{ :jfy{x? km/s–km/s x'G5g\ . oL :jfy{x?sf aLrdf ;dGjo x'g ;Sb} g . logsf ju{: jfy{x? cfk;df 6qmfp‘“5g\ eGg] dfS;{sf] lgisif{ xf] . cfh ;+;f/e/ zf] if0f u/] / vfg] x?sf] /fHo;Qf 5 . /fHo;Qfdf k"“hLklt ju{sf] clwgfosTj 5 . lgjf{rgaf6 ju{;Qf kl/jt{g x'“b} g, ;/sf/ dfq kl/jt{g x'G5 . ju{ ;QfnfO{ g} abn] / k"“hLkltju{sf] clwgfosTjsf] 7fp“df ;j{xf/f >dhLjL ju{sf] /fHo;Qf Nofpg an kof] u gu/L x'“b} g eg] / dfS;{ / P+u] N;n] ljZjnfO{ /fHo;Qfsf ljifodf gjLg kl/efiff kbfg u/] sf 5g\ . dfS;{ / P+u] N;n] k"“hLjfbL ;+;bLo k0ffnLsf lj?4df j} rfl/s?kdf g} /fhgLlts / ;} 4flGts ;+3if{sf] dfq xf] Og bfz{lgs ;+3if{sf] ;d] t Wjhf p7fPsf 5g\ .

P+u] N;n] Ps 7fp“df a] nfotsf] b'O{ bnLo Joj:yfsf] rl/q lrq0f ug] { k;+udf tL b'O{j6f 7"nf k"“hLjfbL kf6L{x?n] hgtfnfO{ kfnf] u/] / 7U5g\ eg] / nfdf] kl/efiff u/] sf 5g\ . Tolta] nfsf] Pp6f klts"n cj:yfdf dfS;{ P+u] N;n] kltkfbg u/] sf] ju{;+3if{sf] l;4fGt / ;+;f/sf dhb'/ Ps xf+} eGg] gf/fn] ljZjsf k"“hLkltx?nfO{ ysf{Psf] lyof] . To;f] t kf] km] ;/ DofS;] n] dfS;{ h:tf] JolQm h;nfO{ nfvf} +n] b] jtf h:tf] dfGy] eg] nfvf} +n] /fIf; h:tf] 7fGby] eg] / n] v] sf 5g\ / pgn] sfn{dfS;{sf ljifodf atfpg ufxf] x'g] klg atfPsf 5g\ . cfw'lgs k"“hLjfbL Joj:yf leqsf] gjpbf/jfb, lghLs/0f / e"d08nLs/0fn] k} bf u/fPsf] ;fdflhs cfly{s c;dfgtfsf] 8/nfUbf] vf8nn] / /fHo;Qfdf k"“hLklt ju{sf] cGt/f{li6«o jr{Zjsf] tl:j/n] dfS;{ P+u] N;sf] ju{;+3if{ tyf ;j{xf/fju{sf] /fHo;Qfdf x'g' kg] { clwgfosTjsf] clgjfo{tfnfO{ yk j} 1flgs9+un] k'li6 u/] sf] 5 . sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngnfO{ j} rfl/s?kdf eldt kfg{ k"“hLjfbn] cufl8 ;f/] sf] dfgjclwsf/, nf] ssNof0fsf/L /fHo, cfjlws lgjf{rg, lgjf{rgaf6 ;Qfsf] kl/jt{g ug] { eGg] / ju{ ;dGjosf] gf/f pkxf;sf] ljifo ag] sf 5g\ . ljZjsf s} of} + sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] lgjf{rgaf6 ax'dt kfKt u/] /

sltko b] zsf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x? t k"hLjfbL Joj:yfleqsf] r'gfj, ;+;bLo ;/sf/df ;xeflutf / ju{;dGjosf] dfu{df lx8\b} ubf{ k"hLjfbL kf6L{x?l;tsf] r'gfjL tfnd] n jf u7aGwgn] olt ktg ePsf pbfx/0f 5g\ ls ltgLx?sf] Oltxf; k9\bf g} cfZro{ nfU5 .

======================================================== ;/sf/ agfPkl5 d'n'snfO{ k"“hLjfbaf6 ;dfhjfbsf] lbzfdf ;+qmd0f u/fpg ;lsG5 eg] / k"“hLjfbL Joj:yfleqsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ /0fgLlts?kdf pkof] u ug] { gLlt lnP/ cufl8 a9] . ltgLx?n] dfS;{jfbL l;4fGt ljk/Lt ju{;dGjosf] af6f] ;dft] . Tof] ju{;dGjosf] af6f] sfNklgs ;dfhjfbLx?n] kl/sNkgf u/] sf] af6f] lyof] . dfS;{ P+u] N;sf] ju{;+3if{ / ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTjsf] l;4fGt sfNklgs ;dfhjfbLx?sf] ju{;dGjosf] l;4fGtl;tsf] uDeL/ c;xdltsf ?kdf cufl8 cfPsf] l;4fGt xf] . d"ntM lgjf{rgdfkm{t ju{;dGjosf] af6f] lx8] sf ljZjsf w] / } sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x? cfkm\gf] nIodf c;kmn dfq ePsf 5} gg\ abgfd klg ePsf w] / } pbfx/0fx? 5g\ . /fHo;Qf juL{o x'G5 / /fHo;Qf eg] sf] Pp6f ju{n] csf] { ju{dfly clwgfosTj nfb\g] ;fwg xf] eGg] dfS;{ P+u] N;sf] kl/efiffnfO{ ;do ;Gbe{ / Oltxf;n] yk k'li6 ub} { uPsf] 5 . n] lgg, :6flng / dfcf] T;] t'ªx?n] /fHo;QfnfO{ dfS;{ P+u] N;n] h:t} ju{;Qfsf ?kdf a'em] sf lyP . To;} n] ltgLx?n] ju{;+3if{sf] l;4fGtnfO{ kqm] / cufl8 a9] / g} qmflGt ;DkGg u/L ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf lgdf{0f klqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fPsf lyP . sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngdf ju{;dGjosf] l;4fGt xfjL eof] eg] To;n] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngnfO{ dfq jjf{b kfb} {g lgdf{0f ePsf ;dfhjfbL ;QfnfO{ g} Wj:t kfb{5 . ;g\ !(%^ af6 tTsfnLg ;f] leot ;+3sf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] ju{;dGjosf] dfu{ ;dft] sf] lyof] . To;} sf] kl/0ffd ;g\ !(() df ;f] leot ?;df ;dfhjfbs} lj36g eof] / k"“hLjfbsf] k'g:yf{kgf ePsf] lyof] . h'g s'/ f rLgsf ;Gbe{df klg ;To xf] . ju{;dGjosf] /fhgLlts nfOg k"“hLjfbL Joj:yfleq sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngnfO{ ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9fpg] kZgdf dfq xf] Og ju{

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/x'~h] n;Dd ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf :yfkgf ePsf] cj:yfdf ;d] t xflgsf/s 5 . o;sf] kmfObf k"“hLklt ju{nfO{ dfq x'G5 . ;j{xf/f >dhLjL ju{nfO{ 7"nf] Iflt g} x'G5 eGg] s'/ f Oltxf;n] kdfl0ft u/] sf] 5 . sltko b] zsf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x? t k"“hLjfbL Joj:yfleqsf] r'gfj, ;+;bLo ;/sf/df ;xeflutf / ju{;dGjosf] dfu{df lx8\b} ubf{ k"“hLjfbL kf6L{x?l;tsf] r'gfjL tfnd] n jf u7aGwgn] olt ktg ePsf pbfx/0f 5g\ ls ltgLx?sf] Oltxf; k9\bf g} cfZro{ nfU5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu O08f] g] lzofsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{nfO{ g} lng ;lsG5 . ;g\ !(^) sf] bzsdf O08f] g] lzofsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ljZjsf] t] ;f] 7"nf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf ?kdf :yflkt lyof] . k"“hLjfbL ;'sfgf] { ;/sf/n] wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf, nf] ssNof0fsf/L /fHo, wd{, ;fDojfb cflb gf/f lbof] . O08f] g] lzofsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ;'sfgf] {sf o:tf gf/faf6 kefljt eP/ ;'sfgf] {sf] kf6L{l;t u7aGwg ;Qf ;fem] bf/L ub} { ju{;dGjosf] dfu{af6 cufl8 a9\of] . ;+;bLo ;'ljwfdf 8'Ag yfn] kl5 sfo{stf{x? ei6 x'“b} uP . kf6L{ ;} 4flGts?kdf olt;Dd ktg eof] ls ;'sfgf] {nfO{ O08f] g] lzofsf] qmflGtsf] gfos atfpg kl5 k/] g . kf6L{sf] ju{;dGjosf] nfOgn] ;'sfgf] {sf] k"“hjfbL kf6L{l;t r'gfjL u7aGwg ;/sf/df ;fem] bf/L / ljleGg kbx?df efuj08fdf kf6L{ ;fd] n eof] . cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngdf rn] sf] dxfljjfbdf v'Zr] jsf] ju{;dGjojfbL nfOgdf pleof] . kf6L{ ksfzgdf O08f] g] lzofsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfS;{jfb n] lggjfb dfq xf] Og ;'sfgf] {sf cfbz{x?af6 klg ufO8] 6 5 eg] / n] Vg yflnof] . k"“hLjfbLx?n] sDo'lgi6x?sf] ;Dk"0f{ cfGtl/s cj:yf yfxf kfP . kf6L{leq l;cfO{Psf Ph] G6x? k;] / v] Ng yfn] . ;g\ !(^% df cd] l/sfsf] k'7df ;'xftf] {n] nfvf} + sDo'lgi6x?sf] g/;+xf/

u¥of] . O08f] g] lzofsf] sDo'lgi6 ;+xf/sf] Oltxf; slDt sf?l0fs / bb{gfs 5} g . k"“hLjfbL kf6L{l;tsf] u7aGwg / ju{ ;dGjosf] u} / dfS;{jfbL af6f] af6 lx8\bf O08f] g] lzofn] sDo'lgi6 g/;+xf/sf] o:tf] bb{gfs cj:yfsf] ;fdgf ug{'k¥of] eg] sltko d'n'ssf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x? lj;h{g ePsf], kl/is[t gjj'h'{jf kf6L{df kl/0ft ePsf] / sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ng g} w/fzfoL ePsf pbfx/0fx? w] / } 5g\ . ef/tdf dfS;{jfbL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / ef/tLo sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ t] ;f] df] rf{sf] lgdf{0fsf] cfjZostf cf} +NofP/ sf+u] ; kf6L{l;tsf] u7aGwg / t] ;f] df] rf{sf] ;/sf/df ;fd] n eP . ;+;b / ;/sf/df ljrf/ /fVg] s'/ fdf dfS;{jfbLx? g] kfnsf ;/sf/L sDo'lgi6x? h:tf] lrKn] sf lyPgg\ . t/ klg ef/tLo sf+u] ; kf6L{l;tsf] ;Qfu7aGwg / ju{;dGjosf] sfo{gLltaf6 Toxf“ klg sDo'lgi6x?nfO{ kmfObf ePg . To;sf] kmfObf k"“hLklt ju{sf kf6L{x?NffO{ g} eof] . sf+u] ;l;tsf] ;Qfu7aGwgn] af] wf] ePsf] / gof“ Jojxf/ tyf b[li6sf] 0f kbz{g ug{ g;Sbf ddtf aghL{sf] lq0fd"n sf+u] ;n] dfS;{jfbLx?nfO{ klZrd a+ufnaf6} a9f¥of] . cfZro{ t of] klg eof] ls dfS;{jfbL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{af6 lgjf{rg lht] sf s} of} + ljwfosx? e6fe6 ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{df kj] z u/] sf lyP . of] k"“hLjfbL kf6L{l;tsf] u7aGwg, lxdlrd, a;p7 / ;Qf ;fem] bf/Ln] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x? s'g xb;Dd kyljrng x'“bf /x] 5g\ eGg] ultnf] pbfx/0f xf] . ju{ ;dGjosf] /fhgLltn] juL{o ljrf/ / b[li6sf] 0fnfO{ olt;Dd e'Q] agfp“bf] / x] 5 eGg] s'/ fsf] pbfx/0f klg xf] . cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngdf k} bf ePsf] ju{;dGjo / k"“hLjfbL kf6L{l;t u7aGwg ug] { 5fnn] g] kfnsf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?nfO{ klg g/fd/L kefljt agfp“b} nu] sf] 5 . g] kfndf k~rfotsf] cGTokZrft sDo'lgi6x? j'h'{jf ;/sf/df ;fd] n x'g] dfq xf] Og lgjf{rgdfkm{t Tof] ;/sf/sf] g] t[Tj ug] { :yfg;Dd k'u] . ;/sf/df ;fd] n ePkl5 / ;/sf/sf] g] t[Tj ug] { tx;Dd dfly p7\bf g] kfnsf sDo'lgi6x?n] ju{;dGjosf] af6f] ;dft] / bnfn tyf gf] s/zfxL k"“hLklt ju{ / To;sf] kltlglwTj ug] { kf6L{l;t s} of} + ;Demf} tfx? ub} { cfPsf 5g\ . t/ klg ;'wf/jfbL sfo{qmdsf lx;fjn] k"“hLjfbL kf6L{x? ;/sf/df /x“bf / sDo'lgi6x? ;/sf/df /x“bf af“sL # k]hdf

x]bf{ kmnkm"n vfF“bf ljif gxf];\ a9\bf] udL{;“u} rf/} lt/ kmnsf] /fhf tyf zf:qLo cd[t kmn, cfo'j{] bLo cf} iflw cf“ks} rrf{ / afx'Notf 5 . sl/a @% ksf/sf s] / f] 6] GjfO8\;, Dof+uf] km] l/n, kf] l6g, af] ;f] , vlghkbfy{, sfaf] {xfO8«] 6, SoflN;od, km:kmf] / ;, kmnfd, le6fldg P, ;L / aL ePsf] cf“kn] zLtntf lbg] / n' nfUgaf6 hf] ufp“5, ana4{s, wft'a4{ssf] sfd u5{ eGg] dfGotf 5 .

To;f] t kmnsf] /fhf eg] / lrlgg] cf“k cfhsn df} ;ddf dfq geO{ x/] s dlxgf kmnkm"n k;ndf kfOg] u/] sf 5g\ . ?vd} kfs] sf] kmn cem eGg'kbf{ df} ;ddf dfq df} ;dL kmnkm"n kfpg 5f] 8] / ;bfaxf/ kmnkm"n eO;s] sf 5g\ . cf“k dfq xf] Og s] / f, :ofp, df} ;dnufotsf tfhf tyf df} ;dL elgg] kmnkm"n ahf/df h'g;'s} df} ;ddf b] lvg] u/] sf 5g\ . a] df} ;ddf o:tf kmnkm"n kfO“bf / lsg] / :jf:Yosf nflu vf“bf tyf v'jfp“bf st} :jf:Yo laufg{ xfdLx? kmnkm"n lsGb} t 5} gf} + eGg] 8/ ;a} df cfp“5 / x'g'k5{ klg . sfaf{O8 dg} nf] Eofpg] kx] +nf s] / f, d] jf, cDaf, cf“k, e'O“s6x/ Ps} gf;n] l56f] ksfpg sfaf{O8 /;fog kof] u ul/b} 5 . lgolGqt tfkqmddf /fVg / xflgsf/s gePsf] /;fog Oy] kmf] g kof] u ug{ vlr{nf] ePsfn] rf“8f] a] r] / l56f] wgL x'g ;:tf, xflgsf/s /;fog SoflN;od sfaf{O{8åf/f kmnkm"n ksfp“5g\ h;df Pl;l6lng, cf;{] lgs, km:kmf] / ; h:tf xflgsf/s tTjx? ePsfn] dfgj :jf:YonfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ kfb{5 . /fdf] / tfhf kmnkm"n agfpg gf] efg, d] 6fl;S; / l56f] ksfpg Olylng, Oyfkmf] g gfds /;fog ld;fOG5 . kmnkm"ndf ld;fOg] /;fogn] lrnfpg] , rx/fpg] , 6fpsf] b'Vg] , jfsjfsL nfUg] , l/u+6f, emf8fkvfnf, km"8 KjfOhlgª, An8SofG;/, ckf+utf, ;': tdgMl:ylt, khgg Ôdtfdf sdL, unuf“8, d[uf} {nfdf ;d:of lgDTofp“5g\ . lsnf] sf] ;o kg] { sfaf{O8 rLg,

tfOjfg / blIf0f clkmsfaf6 ef/t x'“b} cfoft ul/G5 . sfaf{O8 3/ kf] Tg] r'g h:tf] ;] tf] / 9'+uf h:t} cToGt s8f tTj xf] h;df clS;hg ldl;Pkl5 tfk pTkGg x'G5, xftn] 5'“bf kmf] sf p7\5, 3fddf /fVbf ljiffn' Uof“; tLa pTkGg x'G5 . kmnkm"ndf ePsf] cfbtf jf kfgLn] /f;folgs kltlqmof eO{ cf;] {lgs / Pl;6fOlng Uof“; pTkGg x'G5 / Pl;6fOlng / clS;hgsf] ld;fj6af6 b'O{ xhf/ l8uL ;] lG6u] 8sf] cfuf] agfO kfSg] lqmofnfO{ tLa agfp“5 / Ps lbgd} cf“k, s] / f ksfp“5 h;n] ubf{ b} lgs pkTosf lelqg] bh{gf} + 6«s jf ;of+} 6g sf“rf] cfk, s] / f h:tf kmnkm"n Ps lbgd} ksfP/ a] lrG5 . ksf] k ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf cg';f/ ljZjdf kTo] s jif{ $) nfveGbf a9L AolQm ljiffbLsf sf/0f la/fdL x'G5g\ / kf“r nfv a9Lsf] d[To[ x'g] u5{ . g] kfndf $) b] lv %) s/f] 8sf] ljiffbL cfoft x'G5 . ljiffbLsf] dfqf a9L ePsf t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"n gkvfnL ;] jg ubf{ jfsjfsL nfUg] , 6fpsf] b'Vg] , cf“vfdf ;d:of, 5fnf kf] Ng] , l/u+6f nfUg] , kl;gf cfpg] , ysfO nfu] sf] dx;';, km"8 KjfOhg / kvfnf nfUg] nÔ0f b] vf kb{5g\ . SofG;/, gk'+ifstf, /f] u la?4sf] klt/f] w Ôdtfdf xf;, d[uf} nf / sn] hf] laug] , 6\o'd/ x'g] , ue{ t'lxg] , kÔf3ft, bL3{sfnLg ;d:ofx? b] lvg ;S5g\ . g] kfndf kltx] S6/ !$@ ufd laiffbL kof] u x'“bf klg ;r] tgf / dfgjLo ;dj] bgf gx'“bf o:tf] cft+s 5 . hals sf] l/ofdf klt x] S6/ !^ lsnf] ljiffbL vkt eP klg ;r] tgfsf sf/0f ahf/df pknAw t/sf/L / kmnkm"ndf ljiffbL kfO“b} g . hah{: tL ksfOPsf] kmnkm"nsf] :jfb / ;'uGw t sd x'G5 g} kf} li6s tTj klg sd x'G5 . lgoldt vf“bf d'vdf 3fp, jfsjfsL cfpg] , jfGtf x'g] , Hj/f] cfpg] , 6fOkmfO8 x'g] , lhp b'Vg] , emf8fkvfnf nfUg] , Uofli6«s k] 6;DaGwL uDeL/ ;d:ofx? / slxn] sfxL+ km"8

KjfOhlgª;d] t x'g ;S5 . cfn:okg, sdhf] / L pTkGg u5{ . dfz+k] ;L b'vf“p5 . km:kmf] / ;, cf;] {lgs / SoflN;od sfafO8sf] kof] un] kfs] sf kmnkm"ndf km:kmf] / ;, cf;] {lgs, Go"g km'S6f] h tyf sd kf] È0f, vf“bf SofG;/;Dd x'g ;Sg] ePsf] n] cToGt vt/gfs 5 . dl:tisdf c;/ kf/L 6fpsf] b'Vg] , l/u+6f nfUg] , lgbf nfUg] , d"8 km] l/g] , dfgl;s låljwf x'g] , ;] / ] addf kfgL hDg] / kIf3ft ;d] t x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 . o:tf t/sf/L, kmnkm"n vf“bf z/L/df ljÈfbL kj] z u/] kl5 Uofl:6«s a9\g] , k] 6 6fpsf] b'Vg] , kvfnf nfUg] , jfsjfsL, ysfO, z/L/df cfn:o, sfDg] , l/u+6f nfu] / a] xf] z x'g] , dflg; 9Ng] x'G5 . w] / } df tTsfn c;/ gk/] klg nfdf] ;dokl5 kmf] S;f] df, :gfo' k0ffnL / z/L/sf] klt/Iff k0ffnL sdhf] / agfp“5 n'nf] nu+8f] , SofG;/ h:tf bL3{sfnLg c;/ b] vfkb{5g\ . cTolws kof] un] dw'd] x, pRr /Qmrfk, kÔ3ft, d'6'/ f] u, kTy/L / SofG;/n] cfqmfGt kfb{5 .

Pl;6fOlngn] :gfo' k0ffnLdf kefj kfb} { 6fpsf] b'vfO, s'g} sfddf dg gnfUg] , a] r} gL, :d/0f Ôdtfdf sdL, a9L lgGbf, cK7] / f] cg'ej h:tf c;/ klg x'g] b] vfPsf] 5 . d'6', sn] hf] / dl:tisdf klg c;/ kf/] sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . ljÈfbLnfO{ kfoM s[Ès tyf Aofkf/Lx? c1fgtfsf sf/0f cf} Èlw dfgL hyfefjL kof] u u5{g\ . laxfg ljÈfbL 5s{] / a] n'sf gx'“b} ef] ln ahf/df a] R5g\, vfG5g\ . sxL t kmnkm"n / t/sf/L l6kL ljÈfbLsf] 3f] ndf 8'afP/ a] Rg] ;d] t u5{g\ . lgbfg kmnkm"n a] df} ;ddf kfOG5 . kmnkm"ndf Ps} gf;sf] t/ km/s km/s cfsif{s /ª b] lvG5, 6lNsG5 . kmnkm"ndf sfnf] yf] Knf, s'g} efu uNs] sf] ] , s'g} efu ;fxf] ePsf] , aflx/ kx] +nf] t/ leq sf“rf] ePsf] x'G5 . :jfb vNnf] , dw'/ f] jf lau] sf] tyf 5fDbf /; gel/P h:tf] , st} lulnSs / st} ;fxf] , kmndf luvf{ e] l6P

u 8f=ksfz a'9fyf] sL sfaf{O8n] ksfPsf] x'G5 . kfs] sf aDaO{, dfnbfx h:tf cfk xl/of] x'g'kg{] df kx] +n} x'G5 . 3/df /fv] sf] @–# lbgkl5 kmnkm"nsf] af] qmfdf sfnf] /+u wAaf b] lvP /;fogåf/f ksfOPsf] kmn 7xb{5 . /f] syfd vfB, laiffbL P] g, lgod, lgodfjnL, lgb{] lzsf klg y'k} 5g\, u'0f:t/xLg kmnkm"n laqmL u/] df hl/jfgf / ;hfo klg 5g\ . t/ x/] s g] kfnL dflg; hGd] b] lv dbf{;Dd x/] s kfOnfdf o:tf ljiffbL / /;fogsf] ;+;{udf /x“bf klg ;hfo xfn;Dd s;} n] kfPsf] b] lvb} g . cGtdf, elgG5 ;o ufd kfgLdf b'O{ kltzt g"g /fv] sf] kfgLdf !% ldg6 t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"n 8'afp“bf &) kltzt ljiffbL gi6 x'G5g\ . To:t} sfutL kfgLdf #) ldg] 6 8'afp“bf () kltzt ljiffbL sd x'g;S5 . af] qmf kmfn] / #, $ k6s ;kmf kfgLn] kvfn] / vfg] ubf{ klg ljiffQmtfaf6 d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 . kmnkm"n vfg'cl3 ;kmf kfgLn] /fd/L w'g'kb{5 . wf/fdf s] xL ldg] 6 lehfp“bf af] qmfsf] /;fog kfgLn] kvflnG5 / cf7 306f kfgLdf lehfP /;fog x/fpg;S5 . cf“k / :ofpnfO{ rfgf kf/] / vfg'kb{5 . ;a} eGbf /fdf] t a] df} ;dL jf ;do cufj} sf t/sf/L, ;fu, kmnkm"n gvfg' g} a] z x'G5 .

-GofD; jL/ c:ktfn sf7df8f+} df sfo{/ t kd'v sG;N6] G6 8] 06n ;h{g 8f= a'9fyf] sL g] kfn lrlsT;s ;+3sf s] GbLo sf] iffWoIf x'g'x'G5 ._

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(May 15, 2022)

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hgtfn] dfqfTds cGt/sf] klg cg'e"lt ug{ kfPgg\ . clxn] ;/sf/L sDo'lgi6x?n] oxL k"“hLjfbL Joj:yfnfO{ /0fgLlts?kdf :jLsfl/;s] sf] kl/j] zdf lk“wdf k/] sf hgtfsf] d'lQmsf] kIfdf gLlt tyf sfo{qmd cfpnf eg] / cfzf ug{ ;lsGg . t} klg gfds} sf/0fn] eP klg hgtfn] s] xL ;'wf/, /fxt / kl/jt{gsf] cfzf ug'{ :jfefljs xf] . @)&$ sf] ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf ;'ljwfhgs ax'dt kfKt ePkZrft g] kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g] skf_ sf] ;/sf/sf kwfgdGqL s] kL zdf{ cf] nLn] bn ljefhg ;xhtfsf nflu cWofb] z Nofpg] , k6s– k6s u} / ;+j} wflgs9+un] ;+;b lj36g ug] {, :j] R5frf/L sfd ug'{eof] . ;+;bsf] lj36g oyfy{df ;+j} wflgs s" lyof] . /fhgLlts s' jf kltudg lyPg . o;} nfO{ kltudg s/f/ u/] / dw] zjfbL bn, dfcf] jfbL s] Gb / g] skf -;dfhjfbL_ / g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf] u7aGwgdf g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf ;efklt z] / axfb'/ b] pjfsf] g] t[Tjdf u7aGwg ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] lyof] . ;'ljwfhgs ax'dt kfKt sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ;/sf/sf kwfgdGqLn] kf6L{leqsf] cGt/lj/f] wnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ g;s] / ;+;bdfly cfqmd0f ug'{ / To;sf lj?4df g] kfnL sf+u] ; g] t[Tjsf] u7aGwg ;/sf/ aGg' g] kfnsf] jfddfu{sf] /fhgLltsf

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Tof] cj:yf x] g] { hf] ;'s} nfO{ klg lgjf{rg 6f] nLsf] sfd cfklQhgs lyof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ ljBfno ;xof] uL ;Gt'nfn rf} w/LnfO{ af] nfP/ ljBfno If] qsf] cj:yfsf af/] df hfgsf/L lng'eof] . ca # ut] :s"n v'N5 s] 6fs] 6Ln] ;kmf ul/xfN5g\ eg] / lgjf{rg 6f] nLn] kmf] xf] / 5f] 8] sf] rf} w/Ln] l/kf] 6{ lbP . Tof] kmf] xf] / rf} w/L PSn} n] p7fpg ;Sg] lyPgg\ . ;/;kmfO ul/lbg';\ eg] / ;xof] uLn] u/] sf] cg'/ f] w 6f] nLn] dfg] g . h;n] hxf“ vfof] ToxL+ v;fn] sf] lyof] . htf a:of] pt} kmfn] sf] b] lvGYof] . 8f] ;f uf8] sf sf7b] lv lgjf{rgdf kof] u eO{ kmfNg'kg] { kmf] xf] / h:tfsf t:t} lyP . dtbftfx? a;] sf 7fp“x?df klg p:t} kmf] xf] / lyof] . dfgjLo kmf] xf] / sf] /f; b] lvGYof] . To;}a] nf pDd] bjf/ 8f“uL cfpg'eof] . pxf“sf sfo{stf{x? j;Gt kf] v] n, bLks e';fn / t] h af“7fnufot lyP . ljBfnoaf6 vgfn, k"j{lzIfs Zofdnfn

pb] snfUbf / lg/fzfhgs b[Zox? x'g\ . ju{;dGjosf] /fhgLlt / u7aGwg dfkm{t :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf uP klg ;f+u7lgs tyf klxrfgut?kdf dfcf] jfbL s] Gb clg PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLn] s] xL xbdf cfkm\gf] cl:tTj hf] ufPsf] b] lvG5 . c? h] eP klg ltgLx?n] r'gfj lrGx g} g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf] lnP/ krf/df uPsf] b] lvPg . t/ ;/sf/L hgdf] rf{sf s} og pDd] bjf/x?n] ?v lrGx lnP/ r'gfjdf p7] . ;/sf/L hgdf] rf{sf g] tf sfo{stf{x?n] sfu] ;d} kj] z u/] h;/L ef] 6 s] df < ?vdf eGb} lx8] . o;/L ltgLx?n] u7aGwg ug] { / s] xL ;fgf l;6df ljho xfl;n ug{sf lgldQ cfkm\ gf] lgjf{rg lrGx lunf;nfO{ g} o;/L jln r9fPsf 5g\ . e] 63f6sf] jx;df ;/sf/L hgdf] rf{sf g] tf sfo{stf{x?n] g] kfnL sf+u] ; ldq zlQm xf] / g] skf -Pdfn] _ 3f] / kltufdL / b'Zdg zlQm xf] eg] / kfv'/ f ;'s{G5g\ . ptf b:tfj] hdf Pdfn] nfO{ jfdkGyL zlQm eg] / n] v] sf 5g\ . of] eGbf pb] snfUbf] /fhgLlts b[Zo c? x'g ;Sb} g . ;+;bLo ef] u / ju{;dGjosf] dfu{df nDk6 eP/ lx8] sf] 5f] 6f] ;dodf g} ;/sf/L d;fn / hgdf] rf{sf] of] dxfktg slDt lbSbf/ nfUbf] 5} g . b[9 / lglZrt ?kdf of] eGg ;lsG5 ls of] r'gfjL u7aGwg?kL ju{;dGjosf]

hflu/ v'Nof] Û hflu/ v'Nof] Û g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotfkfKt Ps ax'/fli6«o sDkgLdf ljleGg kbx?df tflnd tyf /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ . kb M ;xfos kaGws, zfvf kaGws of]Uotf M SEE, ±@ jf ;f] eGbf dfly cfDbfgL M %,)))–!%,))) -tflnd cjlw e/_ $),))) dfl;s -tflnd kZrft_ ;]jf ;'ljwf M lgMz'Ns tflnd, lgMz'Ns vfgf a:g -xf]:6]n_, kdf]zg, ljb]z ed0f

kf] v] nnufot ljBfno cf;kf;sf c? ylkbf b'O{ bh{ga9L x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“x?nfO{ Ps 306f a9L ;do nfUof] . pxf“x?n] nfdf] ;do nufP/ kmf] xf] / ;+sng u/] sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . Tof] kmf] xf] / ljBfnon] Joj:yfkg ug{ vg] ] sf] vfN6f] df xfn] sf] 5 . To;} df cfuf] nufP/ gi6 ub} { cfPsf] ljBfno atfp“5 . ;/;kmfOsf] ;jfndf eg] To;nfO{ klg lgs} 3fts dflgG5 . Knfli6s hNbf cfpg] w'jf“af6 SofG;/sf ls6f0f' lg:sG5g\ . Tof] dGbljif lzIfs, ljBfyL{, sd{rf/Lnufot ;Dk"0f{ ljBfno k6s–k6s ;'“£g] ug'{ePsf] 5 . ljBfno cf;kf;sf jfl;Gbfn] klg hfgL–hfgL ;'“£b} cfPsf 5g\ . t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] kmf] xf] / n} hfg gdfg] / hnfpg] u/] sf] ljBfnon] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf ;/;kmfO uf8LnfO{ lgoldt kmf] xf] / n} hfg] Joj:yf ldnfOlbg ljBfnon] cfux u/] sf] 5 .

/fhgLltn] g] kfnL sf+u] ; / dw] zjfbL bnx?nfO{ g} kmfObf k'¥ofpg] 5, jfdkGyLx?nfO{ xf] Og . cGo d'n'sdf h] ePsf] 5 xfdf] d'n'sdf klg x'g] ToxL xf] . Pp6f sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf lgldQ r'gfj sfo{gLlts kZg dfq xf] eg] ju{;dGjosf] /fhgLlt xflgsf/s ljifo xf] . xfdf] d'n'sdf :yfgLo lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] s] Gb, kb] z / :yfgLo u/L tLg kb] z ;/sf/sf] ;+/ rgfsf] /] vf+sg u/] sf] kl/b[Zodf :yfgLo lgjf{rgsf] :yfg l;4fGtM dxTjk"0f{ b] lvG5 . bnfn tyf gf] s/zfxL k"“hLklt ju{sf] g] t[Tjsf] Joj:yf ePsf] sf/0fn] ufp“–ufp“df l;+xb/jf/ k'¥ofpg] pb\3f] if ul/P tf klg tbg'?k sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . efjL lbgdf klg of] Joj:yf / of] ;+ljwfg /x] ;Dd tLg txs} ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ff NofOPtf

klg g] kfnL ;dfhsf] lk“wdf k/] sf ax';+Vos hgtfsf] lgs} hh{/ ul/jL / ljkGgtfsf] xfntdf ;'wf/ cfpg] 5} g . of] ul/jL x6fpg] Joj:yf xf] Og . ul/jLnfO{ arfpg] Joj:yf xf] . ef/tsf] a+ufnsL n] lvsf tyf jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ dxfZj] tfb] jLn] k"“hLjfbL /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] ul/jL ;dfKt kfg{ rfx“b} gg\ . lsgeg] csf] { r'gfjdf hgtfsf aLrdf ef] 6 dfUg hf“bf ul/jL x6fPkl5 ltgLx?;“u ef] 6 dfUg] Ph] G8f af“sL /x“b} gg\ eg] / To;} eg] sL lyOgg\ . pgsf] ef/tLo k"“hLjfbL nf] stGqsf] cg'ej, cWoog, x] / fO / a'emfOsf] j} 1flgs lgisif{ xf] of] . of] Joj:yfleq ag] sf ;/sf/x? / ;+ljwfgn] dgdf] xs ;kgfx? af“8] tf klg hgtfsf] cfwf/e"t ;d:of ;dfwfg u/] / d'n'snfO{ ;sf/fTds ;+qmd0fsf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9fpg] kZgdf ;} 4flGts?kdf

s] tkfO“df k]6, kfON;, lkm:6'nf / lkm;/;DaGwL ;d:of 5 < oxL h]7 !@ ut]sf lbg olb 5 eg] wgjGt/L cfo'j]{b xl:k6n P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ sf7df8f}+sf / Pg=l6=eL= @ af6 k;fl/t sfo{qmd :jf:Yo ;Gb]zsf k/fdz{bftf jl/i7 cfo'j]{b lkmlhl;og 8f= /fhLj l3ld/]åf/f oxL h]7 !@ ut]sf lbg Uofli6«s, o'l/s Pl;8, ;'u/, kfoN;, lkm:6'nf / lkm;/sf] pkrf/ ul/g] x'Fbf cfkm\gf] gfd btf{ u/fO{ ljz]if1 ;]jfsf] nfe lng'xf];\ / cfkm\gf] /f]usf] k"0f{ lgbfg ug'{xf];\ .

kfON;, lkm:6'nf, lkm;/sf] Iff/ ;'q ljlwåf/f ljgf ck]zg ;kmn pkrf/ . kmf]gaf6 klg gfd btf{ u/fpg ;lsg]5 . la/fdL hfFR“ g] ldlt M h]7 !@ ut] laxfg ( b]lv % ah];Dd

;Dks{ M dftf dgsfdgf cf/f]Uo s]Gb lxdfno a}+s;Fu} Go"/f]8 3f]/fxL, bfª kmf]g M )*@–%^@(*#, df]= (*$&*&&!!$, (*%&*@#@**

oxL @)&( h] 7 @ ut] j} zfvL k"l0f{dfdf uf] / If ks6 lbj; d7sf] d"n j} lbs em08f kl/jt{g kj{ k"hfsf lbg kSsL /f] 6 dxfof] uL uf] / IfgfynfO{ r9fpg] k;fb ljt/0f ug] { k/Dk/f cg';f/ ;f] kj{ k"hfdf kSsL /f] 6 r9fpg eQmhgx?df >L uf] / If l;4/Tggfy d7 xflb{s cg'/ f] w ub{5 . dWoklZrd g] kfnsf] r'/ ] dxfef/t kj{tdfnfsf] aLrdf km} lnPsf] g] kfnsf] ;a} eGbf 7"nf] pkTosf bfªsf] 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !& rf} 3] / fdf cjl:yt rf} 3] / f dlGb/ eg] / lrlgg] z} j ;Dkbfosf] >L uf] / If kfq b] jtf l;4 /Tggfy d7 o; If] qs} ;a eGbf P] ltxfl;s kfrLg dlGb/ xf] . lj;+ *)( df /fhf /Tgk/LIfsnfO{ lzsf/sf qmddf ;jfnfv emf/v08 xfnsf] kr'vf{df u'? uf] / Ifgfyn] bz{g lbg'ePsf] kfrLg sygdf atfOG5 . uf] / Ifsf] lzIffaf6 kefljt /Tgk/LIfs /fhfn] :jo+ gfy kGydf bLIff lnO{ l;4Tj kfKt u/L uf] / Ifgfyn] lbPsf] lzj:j?k kfq b] jtfnfO{ o; d7df :yfkgf u/L cfkm\ gf] /fHosf] hUuf gfy of] uL e] if !@ kGysf gfddf u'7L :yfkgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cfhsf klz4 / ct'nk'0odo j} zfvL k"l0f{dfsf ltlydf uf] / If holGt uf} dftf tyf k[YjL, >'lt, :d[lt b'a} o:tf r'gfjsf] dxTj b] lvb} g . t/ oxL Joj:yfleq k;] / o;sf ljs[lt / lj;+ultx?nfO{ hg;dIf Nofpg] tyf oxL Joj:yfleq klg hgtfsf] kIfdf pknlAw xfl;n ug] { ;+3if{sf] d~r agfpg] kZgdf of] r'gfjsf] dxTj 5 . juL{o lrGtgk0ffnLsf cfwf/df dfS;{jfbL b[li6df of] lgjf{rgsf] pkfb] otf olQ xf] . t/ Oltxf;sf] dhfs † xfdf] b] zsf ju{;dGjosf] dfu{df lx8] sf ;/sf/L sDo'lgi6x?n] of] Joj:yfsf] ;dy{g / r'gfjsf] pkfb] otfnfO{ /0fgLlt atfP/ yfSb} gg\ . oyfy{df ;/sf/df sf+u] ; uP klg sDo'lgi6 uP klg hg;dIf cfpg] gLlt, sfo{qmd / ah] 6sf] :j?k Pp6} x'g] 5 . oxL g} ju{;dGjojfbL /fhgLltsf] kl/0ffd xf] . ju{;dGjosf] /fhgLlts dfu{n] g] kfnsf sDo'lgi6x?nfO{ kl/is[t a'h'{jf

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sf7df8f} +, #! j} zfv . /fli6«o lghL tyf cfjf;Lo ljBfno Pzf] l;Pzg -g] zgn KofA;g_ n] ljBfnodf xKtfdf b'O{ lbg -cfOtaf/;d] t_ labf lbg] lg0f{o lkmtf{ ug{ g] kfn ;/sf/;“u dfu u/] sf] 5 . g] zgn KofA;gsf

cWoIf kf08j xdfn 7s'/ Ln] lj1lKt hf/L u/L ljleGg aGb, x8\tfn / sf] le8–!( sf sf/0f ljut b'O{ jif{otf lgoldt k7gkf7g geO{ ljBfyL{sf] l;sfOdf c;/ k/] sf sf/0f b"/ ufdL c;/ kg{] u/L s'g} lg0f{o gug{ cfux ug'{ePsf] xf] . lj1lKtdf cfkm"x¿;“u k/fdz{ gu/L

/ gja'h'{jf agfp“b} nu] sf] 5 . ca ;/sf/L d;fnn] ;d] t cudf] rf{df /x] / of] Joj:yfsf] /Iff / x] / rfx ug{'kb{5 eg] / jStJo ;fj{hlgs u/] kl5 of] Joj:yfsf] lj/f] w /

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aflx/ nu] . s] xL lbg cl3b] lv lgMz'Ns k;"lt ;] jf z'? u/] sf] klti7fg kzf;gn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . sfo{qmd k'gM rfn' u/] sf] !( lbgd} Ps ;o #% hgf dlxnfn] k;"lt ;] jf lnPsf 5g\ . o;cl3 o:tf] ;]jf lng]x?nfO{ t'n;Lk'/ , g] kfnu~h tyf s] xLn] 3/d} ;'Ts] / L u/fpg'kg] { afWotf lyof] . klti7fgsf lzIffWoIf Pj+ k;"lt /f] u ljz] if1 8f= j;Gt nfld5fg] g] t[Tjsf] 6f] nLn] kefjsf/L agfPsf] 5 . ;] jfufxL ylkb} u/] sfn] ljz] if1 klg a9fpg] klti7fgsf] egfO 5 . c:ktfnsf] u] 6 kj] z u/] b] lv g} kbflwsf/L rf/} lt/ cf“vf 8'nfp“b} u/] sf b] lvGy] . jl/i7 d] l8sn clws[t 8f= hgfb{g kGyLnufotn] hfgsf/L u/fpg'x'GYof] . lx8\b} ubf{ kbflwsf/Ln] cf;kf;sf ;a} ;jfnx?sf af/] df ;f] wLvf] hL u/] . s] xL b"/ Ldf 6f9f /x] sf] kzf;lgs ejgaf6 a] nf avt kbflwsf/L cfpg]

u/] sf] ;f] tsf] egfO lyof] . cfPkl5 w] / } s'/ f hfgsf/L lng] / ;dfwfg vf] Hg] u5{g\ . o;/L j} zfv ! ut] b] lv lgMz'Ns k;"lt ;] jf z'? ePsf] xf] . o;} u/L Go'6«] zg clkm;/ ;h'{ a/fn g] t[Tjsf] 6f] nLn] kf] if0f k'g:yf{kgf u[x ;~rfngdf NofPsf] 5 . Tof] klg nfdf] ;dob] lv aGb lyof] . o;} u/L lkmlhl;og tyf Ho] i7 gful/s /f] u ljz] if1 8f= /d] z s“8] n g] t[Tjdf ljz] if ;] jf z'? ePsf] 5. nfOgdf plePsf ;] jfufxLaf6} z+sf:kb Ifo/f] usf lj/fdL kQf nufpg] sIf klg :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . ;a} ;] jf kefjsf/L /x] sf] zfvf clws[t /ldtf uf} tdn] atfpg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ klti7fg z'? x'g'k"j{sf ;] jfx? k'gM rfn' x'“b} 5g\ . o;} u/L 5fnf, afn/f] u, lkmlhl;og k;"lt/f] u ljz] if1, ;h{g tyf xf8 hf] gL{nufotsf @( hgf ljz] if1 lrlsT;s /x] sf] klti7fgn] hgfPsf] 5 .

:yug ePsf dtbfg k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] d"No a9\of] +, #! j} zfv -o';_– s] Gbsf] ;+Vof &( k'Uof] g]kfnsf7df8f} cfon lgudn] k] 6«f] n, l8h] n / dl§t] nsf] d"No kltln6/ !) ?k} of“n] a9fPsf] 5 . cfon lgudsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a} 7sn] zlgaf/ /flt !@ ah] b] lv nfu' x'g] u/L d"No a9fPsf] xf] . h;cg';f/ ca k] 6«f] nsf] d"No kltln6/ !&) ?k} of“ kg] {5 . To:t} l8h] n / dl§t] nsf] d"No kltln6/ !%# ?k} of“ k'u] sf] 5 . xfnnfO{ vfgf ksfpg] PnkL Uof“; / xjfO{ OGwgsf] d"No eg] oyfjt\ /flvPsf] 5 . d"No ;dfof] hgkZrft klg kflIfs rf/ s/f] 8 @% nfv ?k} of“ gf] S;fgL /x] sf] lgudn] hgfPsf] 5 .

sf7df8f} +, #! j} zfv . oxL j} zfv #) ut] ePsf] :yfgLo tx lgjf{rgdf :yug x'g] dtbfg s] Gbsf] ;+Vof &( k'u] sf] 5 . lgjf{rg cfof] un] ljleGg !^ lhNnfsf @* kflnsfsf $# dtbfg:ynsf &$ j6f s] Gbdf :yug ePsf] ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs u/] sf] df xfn;Dd lgjf{rg clws[tsf sfof{noaf6 kfKt ;"rgfsf cfwf/df dtbfg:yn;lxt s] Gbsf] ;+Vof yk ePsf] xf] . xfn;Dd ljleGg :yfgdf u/L &( dtbfg s] Gbdf :yug ePsf] cfof] un] hgfPsf] xf] . cfof] usf cg';f/ ljjfb / em8ksf sf/0f :yug ePsfdf sltko dtbfg s] Gbdf hlt dt vl;;s] sf] 5, To;} nfO{ cfwf/ dfg] / u0fgf ug{] ls eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn eO/x] sfn] :yugsf] s"n ;+Vofdf s] xL yk36 x'g klg ;Sg] 5 . dtbfg ePsf clwsf+z kflnsfdf dtu0fgf z'? eO;s] sf] 5 .

r6\ofªaf6 arf}+ / arfcf}+ .

r6\ofªaf6 aRgM

3/leq x'g'x'G5 eg],    

cUnf] / PSnf] ?vd'gL a:g] . kf}l8g], df5f dfg]{ tyf ¥oflkm\6ªh:tf lqmofsnfk gug]{ . v'nf d}bfgdf ga:g] . wft'n] ag]sf tf/af/ glhs ga:g] .

3/aflx/ x'g'x'G5 eg],  ljB'tLo ;fduLx? h:t} l6eL, sDKo"6/, lkmh, jfl;ª d]l;gglhs ga:g] / kof]u gug]{ .  tf/;lxtsf] 6]lnkmf]g -Nof08nfOg_ kof]u gug]{ .  3/af6 aflx/ glgl:sg] .  wf/fdf g'xfpg], n'uf w'g] / ef“8f dfem\g] sfd gug]{ .

g]kfn du/ af}4 ;]jf ;dfh lhNnf sfo{;ldlt, bfª

g]kfn ;/sf/

lj1fkg af]8{

jl/i7 sG;N6]G6 afn/f]u ljz]if1 8f= ksfz k'g tyf sG;N6]G6 :qL tyf k;"tL/f]u ljz]if1 8f= clgtf >]i7åf/f r]shf“r eO/x]sf] ;"rgf Û lr/fo' d]l8sn P08 Kofyf]nf]hL ;]G6/ t'n;Lk'/df kTo]s lbg jl/i7 sG;N6]G6 afn/f]u ljz]if1 8f= ksfz k'g -MBBS(K.U), MD(NAMS) tyf sG;N6]G6 :qL tyf k;"tL/f]u ljz]if1 8f= clgtf >]i7åf/f lj/fdLx?sf] r]shfFr tyf pkrf/ eO/x]sf] x'bF f ;dod} cfkm\gf] gfd btf{ u/fO{ ljz]if1 ;]jfsf] k"0f{ nfe lng'xf];\ .

8f= ksfz k'gåf/f lbOg] ;] jfx? M l gjhft lzz'x?df b] lvg] h08L;, ?3fvf] sL, lgd'lgof, Hj/f] sf] r] shfFr tyf pkrf/ l aRrfx?n] vfgf vfg dg gug] {, lemhf] dfGg] , b'AnfpFb} hfg] , vfgf pkr x'g] , nfdf] ;do;Dd eO/xg] cfpF, df;L, kvfnf, s'kf] if0f, k] 6 b'Vg] r] shfFr tyf pkrf/ .

8f= clgtf >] i7åf/f lbOg] ;] jfx? M l dlxnfx?df tNnf] k] 6 b'Vg] , ;] tf] kfgL aUg] , of] gL lrnfpg] , 9f8 sDd/ b'Vg] jf kf§Lg] , cflb l dlxgfjf/L ;dodf gx'g] , dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf tNnf] k] 6 w] / } b'Vg] cflbsf] pkrf/ l ue{jtL dlxnfx?sf] lgoldt r] shfFr tyf ;Nnfx–;'emfa l dlxnfx?df x'g] lg;Gtfgkg -afemf] kg_ cflbsf] pkrf/ l :tgdf x'g] luvf{sf] r] shfFr tyf pkrf/ . gf] 6 M la/fdLsf] gfd kmf] gaf6 kgL btf{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu

lr/fo' d]l8sn P08 Kofyf]nf]hL ;]G6/ t'n;Lk'/– % æuÆ nfOg, bfª -xf]6n dfpG6 Eo";Fu ;6]sf] ejgdf_ ;Dks{ g+= )*@–%@@^*#, (*%&*@)!^)

gofF o'uaf]w ksfzg kf=ln= åf/f ksflzt, ;+:yfks Pj+ ;Nnfxsf/ M gf/fo0fk;fb zdf{, cWoIf tyf kaGw lgb]{zs M ktfk /]UdL, ;Dkfbs M nIdL cfrfo{, ;x–;Dkfbs M g/]Gb s];L ;dfrf/ ;Dkfbs M h]=Pg= ;fu/ Joj:yfksM Clif/fh kf]v]n

d'bs M kltef ckm;]6 k];, sfof{noM 3f]/fxL bfª, n'lDagL kb]z, g]kfn CMYK

kmf]g M )*@–%^))*$, %^!#)#, )*@–%^)($*, zfvf sfof{nox?M t'n;Lk'/– %@)($*, ndxL– (*%&*$)@$!,

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