२०८० साल मंसिर २५ गते सोमवार

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(Naya Yugbodh National Daily Dec. 11, 2023)

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cfPg dfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ 7]Ssf cnkq, 7]s]bf/ ;Dks{ljxLg ‘dfgjclwsf/ gful/ ssf] hLjgdf b] lvg'k5{’

q sflnsf v8\sf sf7df8f} +, @$ d+l;/ . g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfg / sfg'gn] ;a} hflt, ju{, lnËaLr ;dfgtf sfod ug{] Joj: yf u/ ] klg Jojxf/ df k"0f{¿kdf sfof{Gjog x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . ;dfhdf clxn] klg lje] b, xTof, lx+;f, anfTsf/ , hftLo 5'jf5'tb] lv jfbL, 5fpk8Lh: tf s'k|yf k"0f{?kdf cGTo x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . lj: t[t zflGt ;Demf} tfsf] ] !& jif{ k"/ f eP klg kLl8tx¿ clxn] klg Gofosf] cfzfdf 5g\ . : jf: Yof] krf/ , lzIff / / f] huf/ L eP dfq k'Ug] kLl8tsf] dfu 5 t/ To;tkm{ / fhgLlts bnsf g] tfsf] Wofg hfg ;s] sf] 5} g . dfgjclwsf/ sdL{ r/ 0f k|;fO{+nfO{ dfgj eP/ hlGdPkl5 dfgjclwsf/ sf] pkof] u ug{ kfpg'k5{ eGg] nfU5 . ;z: q åGåsf kLl8tn] Gofo kfpg l9nfO ePsfk|lt pxf“ Tolts} lrlGtt x'g'x'G5 . …bzjif{] ;z: q åGåkl5 lj: t[t zflGt ;Demf} tf ePsf] oltsf jif{ eof] t/ zflGt k|lqmofsf] Pp6f Gofo kfpg] sfd clxn] ;Dd k"/ f x'g ;s] gÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbg] sfo{df ;a} n] Wofg lbg'k5{, ljutsf To: tf sxfnLnfUbf 36gf gbf] xf] l/ g] ;'lglZrttf klg ug{'k5{ .Ú zflGt ;Demf} tfcg';f/ / fhgLlts bnx¿n] uDeL/ tfk"j{s lnP/ åGåkLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbg'kg{] pxf“sf] nfdf] ;dob] lv lg/ Gt/ dfu 5 .

‘zflGtsf nflu hg: t/ af6 h'6f} +’ 3f] / fxL, @$ d+l;/ -o';_– zflGt cleoGtf gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{n] zflGtsf nflu hg: t/ af6 h'6\g ;a} nfO{ cfu|x ug'{ePsf] 5 . ljZj dfgjclwsf/ lbj;sf] cj;/ df cfOtaf/ Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ub} { pxf“n] uf} td a'4sf] hGd: ynaf6 gful/ sx?sf] zflGt cleofgsf] z'?jft eO;s] sf] n] gful/ s: t/ af6 z'? ePsf] of] zflGt cleofgdf h'6\g ;a} df cfu|x ug'{ePsf] xf] . …n'lDagL k|b] zsf hgtfsf] txaf6 ;du| af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

åGåkLl8tn] Gofo kfpg g;Sg'df ;+qmd0fsfnLg P] g ;+zf] wg l9nfO x'g' klg xf] . nfdf] ;dob] lv P] g ;+zf] wgsf] sfd z'? ul/ P klg bnx?aLr ;xdlt h'6fP/ sfd k'/ f x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . ;efd'v b] j/ fh l3ld/ n] ;+qmd0fsfnLg Gofo;DaGwL ljw] os ;+;bsf] cfufdL clwj] zgaf6 kfl/ t x'g] ljZjf; JoQm ug{'eof] . …pQm ljw] os 5nkmnsf qmddf sfg'g ;ldltdf 5, To;nfO{ lgisif{df 6'+\uf] df k'¥ofpg] clwsf/ pxf“x?nfO{ 5Ú– ;efd'v l3ld/ n] eGg'eof] – …/ fhgLlts bnx?aLr ;xdlt h'6fpg] ljifodf d klg nfU5', kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbg] sfddf l9nfO ug{' x“'b} g .Ú bzjif{] ;z: q åGåkl5 ePsf] lj: t[t zflGt ;Demf} tfsf] a'“bf gDa/ %=@=# df b'j} kIfåf/ f a] kQf kfl/ Psf JolQmsf] tyf o'4sf ;dodf dfl/ Psfsf] jf: tljs gfd, y/ / 3/ sf] 7] ufgf ;Demf} tf ePsf] ldltn] ^) lbgleq ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs u/ L kl/ jf/ hgnfO{ a'emfpg] pNn] v 5 . lj: t[t zflGt ;Demf} tfs} a“'bf g+ %=@=@ df …cfkm\gf sAhfdf / x] sf dflg;sf af/ ] df hfgsf/ L ;fj{hlgs u/ L !% lbgleq ;a} nfO{ d'Qm ug{ b'a} kIf dGh'/ ub{5g\Ú elgPsf] 5 . zflGt ;Demf} tfcg'?k g} b'a} kIf ;z: q åGåaf6 pTkGg ljifd kl/ l: yltnfO{ ;fdfGoLs/ 0f ub{} ;dfhdf zflGt sfod ug{ dfgjtflj?4sf] ck/ fwdf ;+nUgsf] ;To cGj] if0f u/ L bf] ifLnfO{ sf/ jfxL ug{] p2] Zon] af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

dfgjclwsf/ sf] k|Tofe"ltsf nflu d'n'sdf w] / } ;+3if{ eP klg gful/ sn] cem} ;Dd To;sf] cg'e"lt ug{ gkfPsf] cfOtaf/ 3f] / fxLdf cfof] lht sfo{qmddf af] Ng] jQmfx?n] hf] 8 lbPsf 5g\ . cGt/ f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ lbj; / n} lËs lx+;flj?4sf] !^ lbj;Lo cleofg ;dfkgsf cj;/ df 3f] / fxLdf cfof] lht sfo{qmddf af] Nb} dfgjclwsf/ / Ifsx?n] xfd|f] ;dfhdf h/ f uf8] / a;] sf] hftLo, n} +lus, If] qLo tyf k/ Dk/ fut lje] b sfod} / x] sf] / o;sf] k|efjaf6 / fHosf ;+/ rgfx? d'Qm x'g g;Sbf ;+ljwfg sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog kIf sdhf] / / x] sf] lhls/ u/ ] sf lyP . ;dfhdf clxn] klg dfgjclwsf/ lj?4sf ultljlw e';sf] cfuf] em} + leqleq} ;lNsO/ x] sf] , zflGt ;'/ Iffsf] cj: yf gfh's / x] sf] , dlxnf afnaflnsf cem} klg 3/ kl/ jf/ b] lv ;fj{hlgs: yn;Dd c;'/ lIft b] lvPsf] eGb} dfgjclwsf/ / Ifsx?n] gful/ ssf] dfgjclwsf/ k|Tofe"ltsf ;Gbe{df : yfgLo ;/ sf/ sf] sfo{;Dkfbg sdhf] / / x] sf] cf} +NofPsf lyP . ;/ sf/ n] dfgj clwsf/ d} qL sfd u/ ] sf] 5 ls 5} g eGg] s'/ f gful/ ssf] hLjg: t/ n] b] vfpg] eGb} pgLx?n] ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] dd{cg'?k dfgj clwsf/ d} qL 9+un] sfd ug{ ;/ sf/ L lgsfonfO{ cfu|x u/ ] sf lyP . ;/ sf/ L, u} / ;/ sf/ L If] q / gful/ s: t/ af6 dfgjclwsf/ nfO{ ;+: s[ltsf] ?kdf ljsf; ub{} hLjg Jojxf/ df c“ufNg'kg] {df ;a} sf] hf] 8 lyof] . dfgjclwsf/ ;~hfnsf ;+of] hs s] zjs'df/ zdf{sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf af] Nb} lhNnf k|x/ L sfof{nosf k|x/ L gfoj pk/ LIfs hgs dNn] lhNnfdf cem} klg dlxnf, aflnsfdflysf] lx+;f g/ f] lsPsf] , cfTdxTof a9\b} uPsf] , lszf] / x?df nfu"cf} ifw b'Jo{;g a9\b} uPsf] k|lt Wofgfsif{0f u/ fp“b} dfgjclwsf/ sf nflu ;a} sf] ;xsfo{ x'g'kg] { wf/ 0ff / fVg'eof] . af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

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cfdfsf] gfddf / u}/cfjf;Lo gful/stf lng] a9\b} TofUg] !) hgf, !% sf] ab/

q ;Gtf] if vgfn 3f] / fxL, @$ d+l;/ . bfªdf xfn;Dd !) hgfn] u} / cfjf;Lo gful/ stf lnPsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/ L / fdaGw' ;'j] bLn] hfgsf/ L lbg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“sf cg';f/ sflt{s d;fGt;Dd !@ hgfn] cfdfsf] gfdaf6 gful/ stf lnPsf 5g\ eg] d+l;/ df klg b} lgsh;f] cfdfsf] gfdaf6 gful/ stf lng cfpg] qmd hf/ L 5 .

To: t} u} / cfjf;Lo gful/ stf lng] xfn;Dd !) hgf k'lu;s] sf 5g\ . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªdf xfn;Dd !) hgfn] g] kfnL gful/ stf Tofu] sf 5g\ eg]

!% hgfsf] g] kfnL gful/ stf ab/ ePsf] 5 . ab/ sf] ;Gbe{df bf] xf] / f] gful/ stf lnbf tyf gof“ sfod u/ fpg vf] Hbf k'/ fgf] ab/ ePsf] cj: yf l/ kf] 6{n] b] vfPsf] k|lhc ;'j] bLn] atfpg'eof] . …oxf“af6 klg lnPsf clg csf] { lhNnfaf6 klg lnPsfsf tyf ljjfx ePkl5 klt kTgLsf] gfd y/ sfod u/ fO kfp“ eGg] tyf klt kTgLaLr 5f] 8kq ePkl5 k'/ fg} sfod u/ fOkfp“ eGg] ubf{ k'/ fgf] ab/ gof“ lng] klg x'G5Ú– ;'j] bLn] eGg'eof] – …gful/ stf TofUg] ljifo eg] u} / cfjf;Lo gful/ stf lnbf k'/ fgf] gful/ stf TofUg'k5{ ToxL xf] .Ú

cf7 nfv a9L gful/ stf lhNnfdf / x] sf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfª, Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no t'n;Lk'/ / ndxLaf6 sflt{s d;fGt;Dd cf7 nfv !& xhf/ $# gful/ stf ag] sf 5g\ . h;df lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªaf6 @)@^ r} q !^ ut] b] lv @)*) sflt{s d;fGt;Dd kf“r nfv Ps xhf/ Ps ;o !@ j+zh, 5 ;o *% j} jflxs c+uLs[t, %) c+uLs[t, hGdsf] cfwf/ df ;ft ;o, cfdfsf] gfdaf6 !@ / u} / cfjf;Lo gful/ stf Pp6f ag] sf] 5 .

Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no t'n;Lk'/ af6 @)%! af“sL # k]hdf:

b"wsf] ahf/Ls/0fdf ;xsf/L cAan q bz/ y l3ld/ ] b] pv'/ L, @$ d+l;/ . lji0f'k|;fb vgfn b"w laqmLsf nflu laxfg % ah] ;'G8a/ L k'lu;Sg'x'G5 . pxf“ Toxf“ k'Ubf cGo ls;fg klg b"w laqmLsf nflu nfOgdf al;;s] sf x'G5g\ . ndxL gu/ kflnsf–! ;'G8a/ Ldf gLnsdn ;fdflhs pBdL dlxnf ;xsf/ L ;+: yfn] b"w ;+sng yfn] kl5 ls;fgx?nfO{ b"w laqmL ug{ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . …;xsf/ Ln] b"w vl/ b u5{ . laqmL ug{ b'Mv 5} gÚ– vgfnn] eGg'eof] – …pTkfbg a9fpg] xf] eg] cfDbfgL klg a9\bf] / x] 5 .Ú b'O{j6f e} +;L kfNg' ePsf pxf“n] ca e} +;Lsf] ;+Vof a9fpg] of] hgfdf / x] sf] atfpg'eof] . d;'l/ of lgjf;L / fh] Gb| rf} w/ Ln] b} lgs #% b] lv $) ln6/ b"w laqmL ub{} cfpg' ePsf] 5 . : yfgLo ahf/ / ;xsf/ L b'a} df pxf“n] pTkfbg u/ ] sf] b"w laqmL x'G5 . …;xsf/ Ln] ubf{ xfdLnfO{ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . Psd'i6 b"w laqmL ug{ ;lsof] Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …;w} + b"w vl/ b x'g] jftfj/ 0f eg] agfpg h?/ L 5 .

CMYK

udL{df vf] ;fvf] ; x'g] t/ hf8f] df glaSg] ;d: of x'GYof] . clxn] laqmL eO/ x] sf] 5 .Ú ;xsf/ Ldfkm{t b"w ;+sng / laqmL ug{ yfn] kl5 ls;fgnfO{ b"wsf] ahf/ Ls/ 0fdf ;xh ePsf] 5 . : yfgLo ls;fgn] pTkfbg u/ ] sf] b"w ;xsf/ L ;+: yfdf laqmL ub} {

cfPsf 5g\ eg] ;xsf/ Ln] 7"nf ahf/ / pBf] u;Dd k'¥ofp“‘b} cfPsf] 5 . dlxnfx?n] g] t[Tj u/ ] sf] pQm ;xsf/ Ln] b"wsf] ahf/ Ls/ 0fdf ;kmntf k|fKt u/ ] sf] 5 . gLnsdn ;fdflhs pBdL dlxnf ;xsf/ L ;+: yfn] b} lgs Ps xhf/ b'O{ ;o ln6/;Dd

b"w ;+sng ub} { cfPsf] 5 . Ps xhf/ rf/ ;o ls;fg cfa4 / x] sf] ;xsf/ L ;+: yfn] ls;fgaf6 b"w ;+sng ug] { / To;sf] ahf/ Ls/ 0fdf ;xof] u ub} { cfPsf] xf] . e} +;L tyf ufO{ kfns ls;fgnfO{ nufgL ub} { cfPsf] ;xsf/ Ln] ls;fgn] pTkfbg u/ ] sf] b"w ;d] t vl/ b ub} { cfPsf] xf] . ;xsf/ L ;+: yfn] b"wsf] sf/ f] af/ ug{ yfn] sf] ;+: yfsf cWoIf s'df/ L tfdfª kl/ of/ n] atfpg'eof] . …;xsf/ Ln] b"w ;+sng ub{} cfPsf] 5 . clxn] ahf/ Ls/ 0f klg ul/ / x] sf] 5Ú– cWoIf kl/ of/ n] eGg'eof] – …km\of6sf] cfwf/ df b"wsf] d"No lgwf{/ 0f x'G5 . / fd|f] u'0f: t/ sf] b"w Nofpg] ls;fgn] / fd|f] d"No kfpg'ePsf] 5 .Ú ;xsf/ L ;+: yfdf Ps xhf/ rf/ ;o ls;fg cfa4 5g\ . ls;fgn] b} lgs Ps xhf/ b'O{ ;o ln6/ clxn] b"w laqmL ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . ;xsf/ Ln] vl/ b ug] { b"wsf] ljj/ 0f / fVg] ul/ Psf] 5 . o;/ L / flvPsf] ljj/ 0f k|b] z ;/ sf/ s[lif tyf e"ld Joj: yf dGqfnodf k7fpg] ul/ Psf] af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

q Ps/ fh e08f/ L t'n;Lk'/ , @$ d+l;/ . @)&&÷)&* df 7] Ssf ;Demf} tf eP nuQ} u|fe] n tyf a] ; lj5\ofP/ t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf] ljsf; k|flws/ 0fn] sfnf] kq] ug{ lbPsf] t'n;Lk'/ –!# sf] / fKtL / fhdfu{b] lv kgfnLaf] 6 / avl/ ofb] lv em/ gf jg hfg] ;8s clxn] ;Dd klg cnkq 5g\ . ut c;f/ df 7] s] bf/ sDkgLn] k|fOd/ ;Dd la5\ofpg] sfd u/ ] / jiff{ / f] lsP nuQ} sfnf] kq] ug{] cfZjf;g lbP klg To;otf s'g} klg sfd gu/ ] sf] j8fWoIf df] xg kf} 8] nn] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …a] ; lj5\ofP/ 7LSs kf/ ] sf] af6f] df k|fOd/ lj5\ofpg tLg jif{ nufpg] sDkgLn] sfd unf{ eGg] cfzf ;lsPsf] 5 . aGnfeGbf af6f] klxnfsf] eGbf cem hL0f{ aGb} uPsf] 5 . ca o;sf] ljsNk vf] Hg} k5{ .Ú t'n;Lk'/ –!@ df klg ljsf; k|flws/ 0fdfkm{t @)&&÷)&* df

7] Ssf ;Demf} tf ePsf rf/ j6f ;8s clxn] ;Dd cnkq 5g\ .

To;otf 7] Ssf ;Demf} tf ePsf ;8s alg;s] sf] cj: yfdf of] ;8s cnkq eO/ x“bf gful/ sx?n] k|Zg p7fpg yfn] sf 5g\ . oBlk cfkm";“u gful/ snfO{ lbg] lrQ a'em\bf] hjfkm gePsf] j8fWoIf v'zL/ fd rf} w/ Ln] atfpg'eof] . …rf/ jif{b] lv af6f] cnkq 5, hgk|ltlglwn] s] x] l/ / fVg'ePsf] 5 eg] / ;f] W5g\ . kflnsfn] k|flws/ 0fdfkm{t 7] Ssf lbPsf ;a} ;8sx? / fhdfu{;“u hf] l8Psf 5g\ . ltg} ;8ssf] sfd cnkq 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …oL ;8sx? !@ gDa/ j8fsf d'Vo ;8s x'g\ . ;a} sf] gh/ log} ;8sdf k5{ . oL ;8ssf sf/ 0f j8fdf ;DkGg ePsf c? sfd klg cf] em] ndf k/ ] sf 5g\ . hgk|ltlglwn] s'g} sfd u/ ] gg\ eGg] gful/ sx?df k/ ] sf] 5 . To;} n] kflnsfn] tTsfn sf/ jfxLsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg h?/ L 5 .Ú sfd gug] { 7] s] bf/ nfO{ s'/ ] / a: g g;lsg]

cWoIf rf} w/ Ln] wf/ 0ff / fVg'eof] .

To: t} k|flws/ 0faf6} 7] Ssf ;Demf} tf ePsf t'n;Lk'/ –$ sf] rf/ af6f] rf] saf6 z'? eP/ uxt] , agxl/ , vfb|] x'“b} dflyNnf] xnjf/ hf] 8\g] ;8s, !! g+= j8fsf] gjnk'/ ;8s / !( sf] af“;u9L : ofnfkfgL ;8s sfnf] kq] sf] sfd klg xfn;Dd cnkq cj: yfdf 5g\ . oL ;a} af6fx?df k'gM a] ; lj5\ofpg'kg] { cj: yf ePsf] ;DalGwt j8fWoIfx? atfp“‘5g\ . …lgdf{0f sDkgLn] tTsfn sfd ug] { eGb} u|fe] n / a] ; lj5\ofpg nufof] . k|flws/ 0fdfkm{t tL sfd @)&& ;fnd} eO;s] sf x'g\ t/ clxn] ;Dd sfd ub} {g . sf] le8sf] axfgf b] vfP/ Dofb yk klg u/ fof] t/ sfd u/ ] gÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …clxn] tL af6f] df km] l/ p: t} vr{ ug'{kg] { cj: yf cfO;s] sf] 5 . xfn;Ddsf] cj: yf x] bf{ of] 7] Ssf ;Demf} tf tf] 8] / } cl3 a9] pko'Qm x'G5 . af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

;+qmd0fsfnLg Gofo;“Fu ;DalGwt ljw]os 6'+Uofpg] k|ltj4tf o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf sf7df8f} +, @$ d+l;/ . k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ún] ;+qmd0fsfnLg Gofo;“u ;DalGwt ljw] osnfO{ cf;Gg ;+;b\ clwj] zgaf6 6'+UofOg] k|lta4tf JoQm ug{'ePsf] 5 . cGt/ f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ lbj;sf] ;Gbe{ kf/ ] / uDeL/ dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3g kLl8tx?sf] / fli6«o ;~hfnn] cfOtaf/ k|wfgdGqL lgjf; afn'jf6f/ df cfof] hgf u/ ] sf] sfo{qmddf pxf“n] cfp“bf] clwj] zgdf ;+qmd0fsfnLg Gofo;“u ;DalGwt ljw] osnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbOg] atfpg'eof] .

/ fli6«o ;xdltsf cfwf/ df pQm ljifonfO{ clGtd lgisif{df k'¥ofpg cfkm"n] cys k|of; ul/ / x] sf] hfgsf/ L lbb} pxf“n] ;s] ;Dd ;xdlt geP k|lqmofdf uP/ eP klg 6'Ëf] df k'lug] atfpg'eof] . “;+;b\sf] clwj] zg rNg] lalQs} o;nfO{ 6'+UofOg] 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …ljw] ossf ljifodf ;xdlt geP k|lqmofaf6 klg 6'+UofOG5 .Ú lj: t[t zflGt ;Demf} tf ePsf] lbgsf] : d/ 0fdf oxL d+l;/ % ut] ;Qf ;fem] bf/ g] kfnL sf+u|] ; / k|d'v k|ltkIfL g] skf Pdfn] sf zLif{ g] tf;“u cfkm"n] uDeL/ 5nkmn u/ ] sf] pNn] v ub{} k|wfgdGqLn] ;f] 5nkmndf ;+qmd0fsfnLg ljifonfO{ 6'Ëf] df k'¥ofpg] k|lta4tf JoQm

ul/ Psf] atfpg'eof] . g] kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmof b] zleqsf] dfq} d'2f gePsf] pNn] v ub{} k|wfgdGqLn] ;+o'Qm / fi6«;+3sf] dxf;ef / …;fO8nfOgÚ jftf{df klg cfkm"n] g] kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmof clGtd r/ 0fdf / x] sf] hfgsf/ L u/ fPsf] atfpg'eof] . …of] lgs} g} df} lns k|s[ltsf] 5, ljZjs} lglDt pbfxf/ 0fLo x'g ;S5, o;nfO{ : yflkt ug{ klg cGt/ f{li6«o ;d'bfon] l9nf ug{x'“b} g eg] sf] 5'Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] . k|wfgdGqL bfxfnn] cGt/ f{li6«o d"NodfGotf, ;jf{] Rr cbfntsf] cfb] znfO{ cfwf/ dfg] / tyf kLl8tsf] kIfdf / xg] u/ L cufl8 al9g] bf] xf] ¥ofpg'eof] .

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To;df klg xfdLn] / f;folgs dn k|of] u u/ L v] tL ub{5f+} . h;n] df6f] ] nfO{ ?vf] / a~h/ agfp“b} nlu/ x] sf] 5 . o;n] kfgLsf] dfqf a9L vf] Hg k'\Ub5 . To;} n] cUof{lgs v] tL ubf{ df6f] df lr: ofg alg/ xG5 . o;af6 pTkflbt vfBfGg dfgj : jf: Yosf nflu lxts/ t x'G5 g} df6f] df / xg] s[lifd} qL hLjx?sf] klg ljsf; x'g uO{ pTkfbg a9\b 5 . kof{j/ 0fnfO{ klg 6] jf k'¥ofpg k'U5 .

To;} n] sf] k– @* df g] kfnn] p7fpg] ljifo lxdfn ;+/ If0f / cUof{lgs s[lif pBf] uaf6 hgtfsf] hLjg dfly p7fp“b} : j: y / : jR5 agfp“b} s[lifdfkm{t cfDbfgL ug] {lt/ g} hf] 8 lbg'kb{Yof] . kof{j/ 0fLo ;d: ofn] cGt/ f{li6«o ?k wf/ 0f ul/ ;Sof] . of] ;d: ofaf6 g s'g} ju{ aRg ;S5 g t s'g} wfld{s ;Dk|bfo g} . To: t} u/ L n} lËs cfwf/ df aRg ;S5 . g t hftLo cfwf/ df g} . olt dfq} xf] Og o;nfO{ s'g} klg / fi6«sf] ;Ldfn] g} / f] Sg ;S5 . of] t cGt/ f{li6«o dfgjLo ;femf ;d:of ePsf]n] ;dfwfg klg cGt/ f{li6«o ;femf ?kdf g} ug{ ;lsG5 . To;} n] sf] k–@* ;Dd] ngaf6 ;+oQ ' m / fi6«;3 + df zlQm;DkGg / fi6«x?sf] ljz] if clwsf/ -le6f] kfj/ _ cGTo u/ L nf] stflGqsLs/ 0f u/ fpglt/ cfjfh p7fpg'kg] { xf] . ;+o'Qm / fi6« ;+3sf] cfkm\g} d'b|f, cfkm\g} ;'/ Iff kmf} h / fVg'kb{5 . ;+;f/ e/ sf b] zx?n] klxnf] r/ 0fdf cfkm\gf &% k|ltzt ;] gf / xltof/ s6f} tL ug'{ kb{5 . ;a} / fi6«sf] ;'/ Iff sf] lhDdf ;+o'Qm / fi6« ;+3n] lng'kb{5 . clg dfq pTkfbg, j:t' ;dfg ?kdf ljt/ 0f x'g] cfjZostf l;h{gf x'g] 5 . sfa{g pT;u{ k"0f{?kdf / f] Sg ;lsg] 5 . To;} n] ;d: ofsf] ;dfwfg g} ;+o'Qm / fi6« ;+3nfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg / nf] stfGqLs/ 0f ug'{ df g} 5 .

Kof/fUnfl8ªsf] /f]df~rs cg'e"lt s] xL dlxgfcl3 l/ 8L / fKtLsf k|aGws dlg/fh k'gn] /fKtL ufp“kflnsf– ( sf] b] jLsf] 6af6 Kof/ fUnfOl8ª p8fpg] of] hgf ;' g fpg' e of] . To;sf] s] xL ;dokl5 tkfO“nfO{ klg p8fpg] xf] ;/ eGg'eof] . p;} a] nfb] lv d] / f] dgdf p8\ g ] / x/ knfPsf] lyof] . df} sf kfpg] df kSsf lyPg . d hfp“ ls ghfp“ bf] wf/ df lyP“ . 3/ df k'u] kl5 cl3Nnf] ;f“em dlg/ fhn] …;/ n] x'G5 eGg' ef 5, eGg'x'GYof] , xf] / < eg] / ;Demgfn] ;f] Wg'eof] . …vf;} hfg] dg nfUof 5} g . af] nfpg' efsf] t xf] Ú eg] / hjfkm lbP“ . pxf“n] yKg'eof]– …cem ef]ln z'qmaf/ xf] . ljbfsf] lbg 5, a'9fa'9L ;“u} hfg] . d t dfGb} gÚ eGb} s/ ug{ yfNg'eof] . xfdL d+l;/ !% ut] laxfg} tof/ eof} + . df] 6/ ;fOsndf hfg] kSsfkSsL klg k|aGws k'gn] g} ldnfOlbg'eof] . xhf/ L km'nsf] kf] sf af] Sg'ePsf hnhnf k'ik v] tL 3f] / fxL–!$ sf nf] s] Gb| / f] sfsf] afOsdf d r9] + . sfvdf 7'n} kf] sf xhf/ L lyof] . lr;f] df} ;d, s6'jfvf] nf qm; u/ ] kl5 g} z'? eof] s'lx/ f] . tk\ tk\ r''lxg] lztn] rfnssf] cufl8 km\ ofQ} lehfPsf] ] lyof] . d] / f klg 3'“8f / xftsf afx'nf leh] . tf] s] s} ;do ;f9] cf7 ah] lkk/ L k'Uof} + . xfdL k'Ubf b] jLsf] 6sf nflu l/ ha{ uf8L tof/ lyof] . / fd|} l;6df a;] / tTsfn} ofqf z'? eof] . >Lgf/ fo0f rf] saf6 xfdLn] / fhdfu{ 5f] 8] kl5 ;lhnf] sfnf] kq] af6f] n] xfdLnfO{ 5f] 8\ of] . sRrL ;8s x'g'sf] c;xhtf t lyof] g} To;df lgdf{0ffwLg klg / x] 5 . st} lgdf{0f sfo{sf pks/ 0fx? cl8Psf lyP . cln cl3 k'u] kl5 ljBfyL{sf] n: s/ e] l6of] . lr;f] df gfs d'v y'g]sf, afnjflnsf v'?v'? lx8] sf lyP, b] jLsf] 6 hfg] cg'dfg u¥of} + .

7f8f] af6f] c;lhnf] lyof] . uf8L pSng} d'l: sn eof] ] . ca af6f] sf ljBfyL{ cfOk' U b} gg eGg] lglZrt eof] . pgLx? Kof/ fUnfOl8ª Nof08 x'g] If] q / fKtL–$ ;'Gb/ k'/ ;Ddsf nflu dfq} cfPsf / x] 5g\ . xfdL eg] dfly / fKtL– ( sf] b] jLsf] 6 8f“8} df k'Uof} + .

Toxf“ p8fg: yn lgdf{0f sfo{ rln/ x] sf] lyof] . s]xL o'jfx? c8\sfpg ;Sg] emf8L kmf“8\b} lyP . slt vGtLn] vg] / em08f uf8\g] / Jofg/ 6+ufpg] kf] n uf8\g] sfddf Jo: t lyP . z' ? df / fKtL Pu| f ] l/ ;f] 6{ sfo{qmd: yntkm{ nfUof+ } . Toxf“ kl08tsf] lgb]z { g cg';f/ k|flnsf cWoIf dfgaxfb'/

a'9f, n'lDagL k|b]z ;efd'v t'nf/fd 3tL{ / / fKtL ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf k|sfz lji6n] ljlwk"j{s k'hf u/ ] / lznfGof; ub} { x'g'x'GYof] . s;} n] pm pm p8\of] eg] / cfsfzlt/ cf} +Nofof] . k"hfdf s] lGb|t ePsf] eL8 blIf0f df] l8of] . eL8 lznfGof;df cl8g ;s] g cf] Ol/ of] km\nfO6: yntkm{ . hxf“ tLgj6fsf b/ n] Kof/ fUnfOl8ª p8\y ] . s] xL ToxL cf] ln{Gy] slt cf“vfn] b] v] / Eofpg g;lsg] u/ L tn d} bfg emy] { / uf8Ldf nf] 8 eP/ 8f“8fdf plSnGy] . dfly k'u] sfx? km] l/ p8] / sfo{ q md : yn rSs/ nufp“y] . ltgnfO{ k5\ofp“b} df] afOn lel8of] / kmf] 6f] lvRg] x?n] lgs} rf;f] lbPsf lyP . kmf] 6f] lvRbfsf] b[Zo g} / x/ nfUbf] lyof] , p8\g kfpg] ;f} efUo sd} df lyof] ] . p8\g] x?sf] lni6 agfpg k|flnsf cWoIf a'9fn] sfkLsf] kfgf ;dfTg' eof] . Ps gDa/ df ;efd'v 3tL{sf] , To;kl5 cfkm\gf] / clGtddf / fKtL ufp“ k flnsfsf cWoIf lji6sf] gfd n] v] / u|'k P tof/ ug'{eof] . p8\g] u|'k aL sf] gfdfjnLdf klxnf] ;efd'v kTgL lbns'df/ L / f] sf, j8f cWoIfsf] sf] 6fdf k|ltlglw vf] hfvf] h rNof] . ;DalGwt j8fsf cWoIf l/ daxfb'/ ;'gf/ L du/ n] z'?b] lv g} x'“b} x'Gg eg] / c: jLsf/ u/ ] . cjt/ 0f: yn $ g+= j8fsf cWoIf jL/ axfb'/ rf} w/ Ln] …h] t xf] nf d cf“6\5'Ú eg] . pgn] w] / } 7fp“ kmf] g u/ ] , s] xL a] / ;Dd pgsf] dgdf r} g lyPg . sf} t'xntf, qf; s] s] n] sfps'lt nufP/ cQflnP h: tf b] lvGy] .

To;kl5 kqsf/ sf] sf] 6faf6 d] / f] gfd cfof] . …p8\g' x'G5 lg HjfO{Ú+ k|flnsf cWoIf a'9fn] xf“: b} ;f] wg'eof] . …x'G5 . p8\5' hjfkm lbP“ .Ú o;a] nf ;a} eGbf v'zL ltg} k|aGws k'gsf] d'xf/ b] lvof] . ;Demgfn] glhs} cfP/ …;f“Rr} p8\g' x'g] xf] Ú eg] ] / ;f] Wg'eof] . p8\g] lglZrt ePkl5 kmf] g u/ ] / sf7df8f} +df / x] sL 5f] / L -ljhof Hof] lt_ nfO{ hfgsf/ L lbP“ . …tkfO{x? g p8\g';\Ú eGg] hjfkm cfof] , …d dfq} xf] cfdf p8\g] xf] OgÚ eg] / : ki6Ls/ 0f lbP“ . …sf] xL g p8\g';\Ú eGg] hjfkm cfof] . d} n] a9L ax; ug{ plrt 7flgg . p8\g} nfUbf 3f] / fxL–!$ sf k"j{cWoIfn] stf x'g'x'G5 / egL ;f] Wg'eof] . pxf“nfO{ 5f] 6f] hjfkm lbP“, …d p8\g nfUof 5' kl5 s'/ f u/ f} {+nf .Ú / f] Sg] x?s} ;+Vof a9\g] 8/ nfUof] . d] / f lk|o dfG5] x?n] ca of] dg{ hfg nfUof] eGg] ?kdf a'lemlbP .

…8/ t nfUof 5} g <Ú afa' P8\e] Gr/ Kof/ fUnfOl8ª sDkgLsf d] g] lhª 8fO/ ] S6/ ljZj / ] s8{/ Kof/ fUnfO8/ ;fgf] afa' ;'g'jf/ n] ;efd'v 3tL{nfO{ ;f] Wg' e of] – …8/ fPsf] eP oxf“ ; Dd cfOGYof] / , oxf“;Dd cfPs} g8/ fP/ xf] Ú dfcf] jfbL hgo'4 n8] sf 3tL{n] hjfkm lbg'eof] . s] x'g] xf] s] < Tolt dl;gf] 8f] / Ldf s;/ L cl8G5g\ < r'“l8P/ v;] s] x'g] xf] nf < h: tf v'Nb'nL ;a} df hfu] sf] lyof] . kfOn6n] p8\bf gal;lbg'xf] nf . / g eGbf lx“8\g' xf] nf . cf] n{bf v'§f g6] Sg'xf] nf eg] / k|lzIf0f lbP . tLg rf/ j6f s'/ f ;lhn} nfUof] . 8/ n] xf] ls le/ n] v'6\6f lrlKnP/ k|flnsf cWoIf p8\g} nfUbf 9Ng'eof] . c? uP/ p7fP .

To;sf] em08} cfwf 306fkl5 ltg} hgf Nof08 ePsf] va/ cfof] . ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf lji6 eg] Nof08 x'“bf emf8Ldf 7f] lSsPsf] t/ rf] 6 gnfu] sf] va/ cfof] . d} n] 8/ sf af/ ] df ;f] Rb} ;f] lrg“ vfnL / x/ dfq} dgdf v] nfP“ . t/ bf] ;|f] u'|'ksf] p8fg z'? ubf{ df} ;dn] ;fy lbPg . p8\g} nfu] sf] ;efd'v kTgLsf] Kof/fUnfOl8ªn] lkmh]sf kfv emf¥of] . v'lDrP/ kmqfskm'q'Ss e'O“df v: of] . dnfO{ >LdtLn] kmf] 6f] lvRb] sf] , lel8of] agfOlbPsf] x] g] { / x/ lyof] . t/ pxf“ t x]g}{ g;s] / efluxfNg'eof] . d} n] ;f] r+] af“r] / cfof] eg] / cjt/ 0f : yndf a: g'x'G5 . p8fgsf] kmf] 6f t s;} n] lvlrxfNnf . ptf k|flnsf k|aGws k'gn] klg Sofd] / fsf] Joj: yf ug'{;\ eG'g'ePsf] lyof] . d] / f] km\nfO6sf kfOn6 lgu{d ;'g'jf/ n] Sofd] / f h8fg ug'{eof] . pxf“ hfltlalQ ld7f] af] Ng] . x“l;nf] : jefj / ;sf/ fTds x'g'x“b' f] / x] 5 . dnfO{ sk8f klx/ fpg] b] lv km\nfO6 SoflG;n x'b“ f a: g klg l;sfpg'eof] . ha e'O“ 5f] 8\of] ta cfgGb z'? eof] . xfjf klg ;': t/ L nfu] sf] 5 . dnfO{ af] sfOlbPsf] emf] nf t d a: gsf nflu kf] / x] 5 . gp8\b} t oqf] emf] nf af] s] / cfsfzdf s;/ L p8'nf eGg] nfu] sf] lyof] . cem sDd/ eGbf tn emf] nf 6f+luP/ lx8\g klg ldNb} GYof] .

7fp“ 7fp“df af“w] sfn] lhp km'sfpg klg ;lhnf] lyPg . Tof] emf] nf a: gsf] nflu / x] 5 . Pc/ Jofu / x] 5 . cln kl5 ;/ ] / cfgGbn] a: g kfOn6n] l;sfpg'eof] .

Sofd] / f rfn' ul/ of] . 3'Db} lkmb} {, otf ptf tndfly h+undf z'? eof] ofqf . lrn h: t} pl8/ x] sf] dx;'; eof] .

u uf] ljGb v8\sf cfsfz hldg, cufl8 k5fl8 htf x] / ] klg ;lhnf] lyof] , cufl8 d k5fl8 kfOn6 . df] 6/ ;fOsn l;sfpg] k5fl8 a;] sf] h: t} lyof] . t/ cfkm\g} Jofudf a: g] xf] . cf] xf] lg slt cfgGb cfof] slt aofg ug{} ;lSbg“ . aLrdf k'Ubf lkª v] nf} + eg] / kfOn6n] ;f] Wg'eof] . d} n] xf} l;P/ x'G5 elgxfn] + . 3'Dg nfu] kl5 t d] / f] ;ft} p8\of] . cf“vf aGb u/ ] + 3'dfpGh] n lrDd u/ ] / } sx/ sf6] + . g xjfOhxFh r9] sf] a] nf xfjfn] kfg] { wfb|fª 3'b|'ªsf] cfjfh cfp“5 . g t d] 6«f] r9\bf 7fp“ 7fp“df c8\s] sf] h: tf] 38s\ 38s\ g} ;'lgG5 . s] xL jif{cl3 gof“ o'uaf] w / fli6«o b} lgssf k|sfzs ;Dkfbs k|tfk / ] UdL / ck|] 6/ df] xgnfn rf} w/ L;lxt xfdL lbNnL d] 6«f] ofqf u/ ] sf] ;lDemP“ . klxnf] k6s lj/ f6gu/ af6 sf7df8f+} xjfO ofqf u/ ] sf] ofb cfof] . tL b'a} ofqf eGbf of] leGg} lyof] . o;n] dnfO{ cg] s yl/ sf] cfgGb lbof] . ca klg dnfO{ s;} n] / f] hfpg lbP d km] l/ klg eGg] 5' Kof/ fUnfOl8ª . cf] ln{g] a] nfdf ;efd'v 3tL{;lxt Psx' n dflg; lyP . Tof] ;' G b/ k' / k|fs[lts ?kdf ;'Gb/ lyof] . cf“vfn] ;DemgfnfO{ vf] h] t/ pxf“ t Toxf“ klg ga;] / ;Demgf xf] 6] ndf k'lu;Sg'eP5 .

Toxf“ k'u]/ klg s] va/ cfpg] xf] s] va/ eGb} 8/fO{ 8/fO{ a:g'ePsf] /x]5 . ha d ;efd'vsf] uf8Laf6 xf]6n cufl8 cf]lnP“ ;Demgf km'Q aflx/ cfpg'eof] . clg aNn d';'Ss xf“: g'eof] . pxf“sf] d'xf/ df s] xL 306fb] lv x/ fPsf] v'zL lj: tf/ } kmls{of] . uf] / vf u|'ksf l;Oof] gjnl;+x hLPdn] awfO{ lbg'eof] . cfkm"n] 8/ n] cj;/ u'dfPsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“sf] egfOn] yf] / } 3d08 knfof] . efn'afª uf] / vf cfO8] n : s"nsf lk|lG;kn j;Gt k'g;“u nfd} 5nkmn eof] . Kof/fUnfOl8ª ;Dembf dg cem} klg / f] df~rs x'G5 .

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@)*) ;fn d+l;/ @% ut] ;f]djf/ (Dec. 11, 2023)

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slknj:t', @$ d+l;/ . s] Gb|Lo sfof{no lzj/fh–( slknj:t'sf] klZrd s'gf glhs zf] ef cfrfo{n] s'lxPsf] dn;“u df6f] dy] / dl;gf] agfp“b} x'g'x'GYof] .

To;nfO{ udnfdf xfNg] tof/L ub}{x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ c9fO{ ;o eGbf a9L udnf 5g\ . oltg} 5g\ eg] / ulgPsf] 5} g . s] xL vfnL 5g w] / } df lj?jf 5g\ .

SoflG6gsf] pQ/ tkm{ Pshgf kfsf JolQmn] ] km?jfn] vlg/ xg'ePsf] lyof] . Toxf“ le08Lnufot ljleGg y/ Lsf t/ sf/ L lyP . glhs} ;fgf–;fgf Jof8df Kofhsf lj?jf pld|Psf lyP . sfof{no ejgsf] blIf0ftkm{ 7"n} kf6f] lgs} dl;gf] u/ L s] nfOPsf] lyof] . Toxf“ klg t/ sf/ Lsf lj?jf kfgL cl8g] u/ L / f] lkPsf] lyof] . Pshgfn] l;+rfO{ ub} { x'g'x'GYof] . tLg tn] ejgsf] ;a} eGbf tNnf] tnfsf] k] l6e/ L n: s/ } udnfx? ;lhPsf lyP . ;a} eGbf tn w'kL hftsf lj?jf 6f9f 6f9f / f] lkPsf lyP . csf] { nx/ Sof/ L agfP/ ljleGg hftsf km"n / f] lkPsf] lyof] . To;kl5 b'O{j6f k] 6Ldf l; n] lvPsf udnfsf] n: s/ lyof] .

Pj+ k|sf/ n] bf] ;|f] tnfsf] / ] lnªdf klg rf/ } tkm{ afSn} udnfx? lyP . cl3b] lv g} u] 6df b'O{hgfn] kmd{ 78\ofpg] sfd ul/ / x] sf lyP . Toxf“ 7"n} u] 6 aGb} 5 clxn] sf7sf] af/ agfOPsf] 5 . pgLx?af6 km/ s gb] lvg ;fwf/ 0f klx/ gdf g] kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj pleg'ePsf] lyof] . k'/ fgf] ;6{ / sfg 9fSg] pmgsf] 6f] kL lyof] .

To;} n] ;j{;fwf/ 0f jf sfo{stf{ : t/ eGbf km] ;g km/ s b] lvGgYof] . pxf“‘nfO{ e] 6\g sfd ug] { 7fp“d} k'Ug'k¥of] . sfof{nodf leq 5'§} s';L{ lyPg . pxf“nfO{ e] 6\g k'u] sf s] Gb|Lo ;b: o k"jL{ / f] Nkf OGrfh{ ;Demgf l;;“u klg ToxL+ pleP/ } s'/ f ug'{eof] . yjfªdf xf] 6n ;~rfng;DaGwL pxf“;“u k/ fdz{ lgs} 5f] 6f] 5nkmnd} 6'+luof] .

pxf“n] / fd|f] efif0f / dL7f] s'/ fsf] r/ 0f ;lsPsf] atfpg'eof] . …ca s'/ faf6 / fhgLlt x'g} ;Dej} 5} gÚ– pxf“n] yKg'eof] – …l/ hN6lagfsf] ts{ xf] . / fd|f] efif0f / ld7f] s'/ fsf] r/ 0f ljut #)÷$) jif{sf] cjlwdf cEof; ul/ ;lsof] .Ú pxf“sf cg';f/ g] kfnsf] kf] lnl6S; pTkfbg / kl/ 0ffdd'vL ePg . ca lxhf] sf] h: t} efif0fdfq} u/ ] / ;Dej} 5} g . ejgsf] ljifodf km'6] / uPsfn] a] OdfgL u/ ] / , oxf“nfO{ 7u] / dxn agfof] eG5g\ lg eg] / ;f] Wbf pxf“ xf“: g'eof] . …ljlrq nfU5 dnfO{ . Tof] cN5Lx?sf] s'/ f xf] Ú– pxf“n] yKg'eof] – …rGbf p7fP/ vfg] afgL k/ ] sfx?sf] ts{ xf] . >d eg] kl5 cN5L dfGg] x?sf] ts{ To: t} xf] .Ú pxf“sf cg';f/ Tof] ejg cfkm\g} >dsf] l;h{gf xf] . …a9L >d 5 . l;d] G6 9'+uf ;a} xfd|f] >d xf] Ú– pxf“n] yKg'eof] – …lkn/ v8f ug] { / 9nfg ug] { t xfdL;“u lyPg 7] s] bf/ n] u/ ] sf] xf] .Ú pxf“sf cg';f/ ejgdfly hfg kfpg] ;ft tnf;Ddsf] xf] . t/ kf“r tnf;Dd k'¥ofpg] ljrf/ 5 . Toxf“ P] nfgL / k'hf{jfnf;lxt Ps ljufx hldgdf sfof{no 5 .

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lnkm\6 . / ] lnª ag] sf] 5} g . Ejfªaf6 r/ f leq k;] / uNnLel/ kmf]x/ u/]sf 5g\ . nfOa|] / Ldf klg yf] / } ¥ofs 5g\ . l;+u} xn vfnL 5 . Ps b'O{j6f a] ~r / s';L{ 5g\ . jL/ h+u k': tsfnosf cfhLjg ;b: o aGg ;lsg] s] Gb|Lo sfof{nosf ljhon] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . k': tsfnonfO{ h;n] klg ;xof] u ug{ ;Sg] / ;a} k': ts / fVg] atfpg'eof] . Pshgfn] k] G6 ul/ / x] sf lyP, ejgsf] w] / } efu k] G6 ug{ af“sL 5 . / f] Nkf 3tL{ufp“sf] 9'+uf nu] / 3/ sf] aflx/ efunfO{ lgs} ;'Gb/ 9+un] ;hfOPsf] 5 . pxf“n] g] kfnLn] : t/ Lo vfgfsf] nflu s] xL ;d: of gePsf] atfpg'eof] . : t/ Lo vfgf;lxt lbgdf df5f df;'dWo] Pp6f, bfneft t/ sf/ L b'O{ rf/ j6f cfO6d vfgfsf] nflu s] xL ;d: of 5} g . …xfd|f] n] jnsf] dfG5] n] of] hgfa4 9+un] lbgdf b'O{ 306f >d u¥of} + eg] vfgsf] nflu s] xL ;d: o} 5} gÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …vfg, k9\g k"/ } k'U5 .Ú pxf“sf cg';f/ kfsf k'/ fgfn] sfd w] / } ug] { arfpg] gvfg] eg] . clxn] sfn] sfd} gug] { w] / } vfg] eG5g\ . of] b'O{j6f ;d: ofaf6 lg: sg] xf] eg] g] kfnLnfO{ s] xL ;d: of 5} g . dHhfn] sfd ug] {, ld7f] ld7f] vfg] / / fd|f] nufpg] ug'{k5{ .

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k]zf Joj;fox?af6 /fd|f] nfe k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

k|ltIff ul/Psf] glthf s]xL sdhf]/ /xg ;Sg]5 .

cfhsf] d]xgt eljiosf] nflu ljz]if kmnbfoL /xg ;Sg]5 .

nuglzntfn] dfq kl/l:yltnfO{ ;xh agfpg ;lsg]5 .

cfWoflTds ;f]rsf] a[l4, sd cfly{s nfesf] sfo{ ;+of]u .

sGof -6f],k,kL,k",if,0f,7,k],kf] _M

Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu k|lzIf0f

t'nf -/f,/L,?,/],/f] ,tf,tL,t",t] _M

Hof]= k+= 8f= e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8] ;b:o– g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb\ df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%!

;Gtfgsf] ;fy ;xof]un] pT;flxt /fVg ;Sg]5 .

l;+x -df,dL,d",d],df],6f,6L,6",6] _M

atfpg'eof] . n} +lus lx+;f cGTo ug{ ;a} ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx?

3/ af6 / cfkm"af6} nfUg'kg] { eGb} ;/ sf/ n] s] Gb|b] lv : yfgLo tx;Dd} lx+;f lj?4sf ultljlw k|efjsf/ L ?kdf n} hfg'kg] { wf/ 0ff / fVg'eof] . sfo{qmddf u9jf ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf odgf/ fo0f zdf{ kf] v] |n, ljleGg ;+3;+: yf tyf / fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx?n] klg af] Ng'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f u9jf ufp“kflnsf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf zfvfsf k|d'v k] |/ 0ff rGbn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . u9jf ufp“‘kflnsfsf] d"n cfof] hgf / ljleGg @# j6f ;+3;+: yfx?;“usf] ;dGjo ;xsfo{df !^ lbg] cleofg ;dfkg ul/ Psf] ufp“kflnsfn] hgfPsf] 5 .

bfª lhNnf t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsf j8f g+= # a: g] cd/ axfb'/ v8\sfn] lgDg lnlvt hUufsf] df] 7 >] : tf d] / f gfddf sfod ul/ kfpF egL o; sfof{nodf lgj] bg lbg'ePsfn] ;a} sf] hfgsf/ Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/ Psf] 5 . lgj] bssf] dfu adf] lhd df] 7 >] : tf sfod ug{ gkg] { sf/ 0f eP jf c? s;} sf] gfddf ;d] t df] 7 >] : tf sfod x'g'kg] { eP sf/ 0f / k|df0f;lxt of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq lgj] bssf] gfddf >] : tf sfod ug{ gkg] { sf/ 0f v'nfO{ jf c? klg xsjfnf eP xsjfnfn] ] k|df0f / cfˆgf] lhls/ ;lxt lgj] bg ug{ cfpg'xf] nf . tf] lsPsf] ;doleq bfjL lj/ f] w ug{ gcfP sfg'g adf] lhd eO{ hfg] Joxf] / f ;"lrt ul/ G5 . lgj]bsn] df]7 >]:tf sfod ug{ dfu u/]sf] hUufsf] ljj/0f

@)*).)*.@% ut] ;f]djf/ ltlyM dfu{ s[i0f rt'yL{, gIf]q M ljzfvf kl/l:yltsf] cndn / c:j:ytf /xg ;Sg]5 .

/ fKtL ;fpyg{ af] l8{ªsf] sIff ( df cWoog/ t k|tLIff lh;Ln] sfo{qmddf af] Nb} k/ Dk/ fut s'/ Llt tyf ;fdflhs ;+: sf/ leq lx+;f n's] sf] atfpg'eof] . anfTsf/ , s'6lk6, af] S;L cf/ f] k, bfOhf] k|yf, afn ljjfx, 5fpk8L ;a} lx+;fsf ?kx?nfO{ cGTo ug{ sfg'g agfpg] / sfof{Gjog ug] { lgsfon] s8fO ug{ h?/ L ePsf] 1fgHof] lt af] l8{ªsf] sIff !) sL 5fqf c+lstf rf} w/ Ln] atfpg'eof] . u9jf ufp“kflnsfsf pkfWoIf zf/ bfs'df/ L rf} w/ Lsf] cWoIftf / k|ltlglw;efsf ;f+;b gf/ fo0fL zdf{ -k|tLIff_ sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf af] Nb} ;f+;b zdf{n] k/ Dk/ fut s';+: sf/ / s'/ Lltx? lx+;fsf sf/ s tTj ePsf]

lap lahg P]g;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f b"/;~rf/ 6f]nsf] ;fwf/0f;ef

cfhsf] /fzLkmn nIdLwf/f Hof]ltif s]Gb| d]if -r",r] ,rf] ,nf,nL,n",n] ,nf] ,c_M

;dfrf/

s'De -u",u] ,uf] ,;,;L,;',;] ,;f] ,b_M dLg -bL,b",y,em,~f,b] ,bf] ,rf,rL_M

3f]/fxL, bfª -3f]/fxLsf] t'n;Lk'/rf]s dx/f k]6«f]n kDkaf6 leqhfg] uNnLdf_

sd{rf/L t'?Gt cfjZostf M Lab Assistant -dlxnf ! hgf_

uf=lj=;= t'n;Lk'/ t'n;Lk'/ t'n;Lk'/

j8f g+= #h #h #h

lsQf g+= $@ !! ^(

If]qkmn )–!!–)% )–)^–!@ )–)@–!%

hUUffwgLsf] gfd cd/ axfb'/ v8\sf cd/ axfb'/ v8\sf cd/ axfb'/ v8\sf

bfª lhNnf t'n;Lk'/ pk dxfgu/ kflnsf j8f g+= # a: g] cd/ axfb'/ v8\sfn] lgDg gfddf btf{ ePsf] t'n;Lk'/ – # h ls=g+= $@ h=lj= )–!!–)%,# h ls=g+= !! / ^( qmdzM )–)^–!@ / )–)@–!% hUufsf] df] 7 >] : tf ldlt @)%*.)*.)* ut] dfnkf] t sfof{no 3f] / fxL bfªdf cfuhgL eO{ hn] / gi6 ePsf] pNn] lvt hUuf xfn;Dd sxL s;} nfO{ laqmL ljt/ 0f gu/ L xfn;Dd lgh cfkm} n] ef] urng ul/ / x] sf] pNn] lvt hUufsf] df] 7 >] : tf cd/ axfb'/ v8\sfsf gfddf sfod ul/ kfpF egL t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsf # g+= j8f sfof{nojf6 ls6fgL l;kmf/ L; ;h{ldg ;+nUg / fvL cd/ axfb'/ v8\sfn] dfu lgj] bg u/ ] sfn] lgj] bssf] dfu adf] lhd x'g'kg] { xf] jf xf] Og ;fy} c? sf] xL xsbf/ eP of] xsbfjL ;DaGwL ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq k|df0f ;lxt xsbfjL ug{ cfpg'xf] nf .

Dofbleq xsbfjL ug{ gcfP sfg'g adf] lhd eO{ hfg] Joxf] / f hfgsf/ L u/ fOG5 .

CMYK

$

@)*) ;fn d+l;/ @% ut] ;f]djf/ (Dec. 11, 2023) lh=k|zf=sf= bfª b=g+= @!÷)%%÷)%^

lh=x'=sf= b=g+= #÷)%%÷)%^ www.nayayougbodh.com/E-mail: yougbodh@gmail.com

cfPg====

cvfB a: t' gi6 M ;+o'Qm ahf/ cg'udgsf qmddf km] nf k/ ] sf cvfB a: t' gi6 ul/ b} . 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ kflnsf pkef] Qmf lxt ;+/ If0f zfvfn] ut h] 7 !& ut] b] lv #) ut] ;Dd / ebf} @% ut] b] lv sflt{s #) ;Dd u/ ] sf] ahf/ cg'udgsf qmddf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] Dofb u'h|] sf tyf n] an gePsf ;fdu|LnfO{ 3f] / fxLsf] 8lDkª ;fO8df gi6 u/ ] sf] 5 . tl: j/ M gofF o'uaf] w

?kGb]xLdf gful/s bafa ;d"x u7g q odnfn e';fn a'6jn, @$ d+l;/ . nf] stGqsf] ;+/ If0f, e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f / ;'zf;gsf nflu bafa lbg a'6jnsf a'l4hLjL tyf ;dfh;] jLx?n] ;'zf;gsf nflu gful/ s bafa ;d"x u7g u/ ] sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;do g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf ultljlw, sfdsf/ jfxL / cb"/ bzL{ lg0f{ox?sf sf/ 0f nf] stGq la/ f] wL ultljlwx? df} nfPsf] eGb} gful/ s ;dfhsf cu'jfx?n] dfgjclwsf/ sf] cj: yf bogLo / / fHo Joj: yf pbfl;g / x] sf] atfPsf 5g\ . g] kfndf / fhgLlts bnsf] ljsNk g/ x] sf] t/ g] tfx? ;lRrg'sf] klg ljsNk g/ x] sf] s'/ fdf ;xefuLx?sf] hf] 8 lyof] . cGt/ f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ lbj;sf cj;/ df a'6jndf cfof] lht cGtlq{mof sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?n] / fhgLlts l: y/ tf, d'n'ssf] ;d[l4 / ;'zf;gsf] gf/ f lbP/ gyfSg] k|d'v / fhgLlts bn / g] tfx?sf sf/ 0f d'n'sdf nf] stGqdfly wfjf af] Ng] tTjx?sf] pTklQ ePsf] l6Kk0fL u/ ] sf

5g\ . dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf lgjt{dfg s] Gb|Lo ;efklt uf] ljGb vgfnn] g] kfnsf] kl/ k|] Iodf jt{dfg nf] stflGqs Aoj: yfsf] ljsNk g/ x] sf] rrf{ ub} { o;nfO{ ;d'Ggt agfpg k|d'v / fhgLlts bn / g] t[Tjk+lQm ;lRrg'kg] { s'/ fdf hf] 8 lbg'eof] . nf] stGqsf] ;jnLs/ 0fsf nflu gful/ s cfGbf] ng h?/ L / x] sf] 7x/ ub} { ?kGb] xLaf6 gful/ s bafa cleofg z'?jft ePsf] pxf“n] v'nf;f ug'{eof] . jl/ i7 kqsf/ 8f= afns[i0f rfkfufO{+n] g] kfndf nf] stGq la/ f] wL ultljlwx? a9\g'df k|d'v / fhgLlts bnx?g} bf] ifL / x] sf] pNn] v ub} { / fhgLlts bn lbzfxLg ePsf] n] gful/ s ;dfhn] va/ bf/ L ug'{kg] { cfjZostf cf} +Nofpg'eof] . clwjQmf dx] Gb| kf08] n] k|d'v bnsf sfo{z} nL, d'n'sdf pTkGg cfly{s ;+s6sf sf/ 0f hgtfdf lg/ fzf pTkGg ePsf] rrf{ ub} { bnx?nfO{ ;lRrP/ cl3 a9\g gful/ s ;dfhaf6 bAfFa / va/ bf/ L cfjZos / x] sf] s'/ fdf hf] 8 lbg'eof] . pBf] uL Aoj;foL g] tf 8Da/ b] j cof{nn]

cfly{s ;jnLs/ 0f / ;d[l4sf] ofqfsf ;jfndf / fHokIf pbfl;g x'“bf pBf] u Aoj;fo If] q w/ f;foL ag] sf] pNn] v ub} { pTkGg a] / f] huf/ L / cfly{s ;+s6sf] k|ToIf c;/ hgtfdf k/ ] sf] atfpg'eof] . k"j{ lhNnf lzIff clwsf/ L 6] saxfb'/ yfkfn] o'jfx? knfog x'gaf6 / f] Sg ;/ sf/ n] bL3{sfnLg of] hgf agfpg cfjZos / x] sf] s'/ fdf hf] 8 lbb} pko'Qm gLlt lgdf{0f ug{ ;/ sf/ ;dIf cfu|x ug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf k|fWofks lnnaxfb'/ s] ;L, k|ultzLn n] vs Clif cfhfb, pkef] Qmf lxt ;+/ If0f dGr a'6jnsf cWoIf ;d'Gb| hL;L, 3/ axfn ;/ f] sf/ ;+3 ?kGb] xLsf cWoIf / fh' lnun, gful/ s ;dfhsf jLgaxfb'/ s'“j/ , u0f] z l3ld/ ] , O{Zj/ Lk|;fb kf08] nufot jlsn, kqsf/ , n] vs, clwsf/ sdL{x?n] nf] stGqsf] ;jnLs/ 0fsf nflu gful/ s cfGbf] ngsf] cfjZostf / x] sf] / o;sf] z'?jft ?kGb] xLaf6 ul/ Psf] rrf{ u/ ] sf lyP . e] nfn] uf] ljGb vgfn ;+of] hs / Clif cfhfb ;lrj / x] sf] gful/ s bafa ;d'x u7g u/ ] sf] 5 .

kLl8t k'gnfO{ ufp“b]lv 7]Ssf==== ljb]z;Ddsf] ;xof]u o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf t'n;Lk'/ , @$ d+l;/ . t'n;Lk'/ –!( >Lrf} / sL kmDkL k'g vfgf ksfpg] qmddf sflt{s ( ut] clUg hngdf kg'{eof] . sflt{s ( ut] hngdf k/ ] kl5 >Ldfg\ a'l¢/ fd k'gn] sflt{s !) ut] / fKtL k|fb] lzs c: ktfn t'n;Lk'/ df n} hfg'eof] t/ Toxf“ pkrf/ ;Dej gePkl5 cfly{s cefjs} sf/ 0f 3/ d} kms{g'eof] . clUg hngdf k/ ] sf] t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf gu/ k|d'v 6Lsf/ fd v8\sfn] sflt{s @! ut] dfq} yfxf kfPkl5 tTsfn} pkrf/ sf nflu sf7df8f} + k7fpg'eof] . pxf“n] JolQmut?kdf tL; xhf/ gub / sf7df8f+} ;Dd k'Ugsf nflu kfln+sfaf6 lgMz'Ns?kdf PDa'n] G;sf] Joj: yf u/ ] / k7fpg'eof] . sl/ a @) lbg pkrf/ kl5 kDkmL 3/ d} kms{g'ePsf] 5 . af“Rg] cfzf u'dfPsL kDkmLsf] pkrf/ sf nflu ufp“b] lv ljb] z;Ddsf ;+3;+: yf, JolQmx?n] ;xof] u ul/ / xg'ePsf] 5 . xfn;Dd JolQmut?kdf t'n;Lk'/ –!( df 3/ eO{ cd] l/ sfdf a: b} cfpg'ePsf t'n;L/ fd jnLn] ;a} eGbf a9L #% xhf/ ;xof] u ug'{ePsf] 5 .

;'s'Djf;LnfO{ df}sf a:g / v]tL ug{ pko'Qm lr;f] xfjfkfgL ePsf] ndxL g=kf=–! l;tnfk'/df /x]sf] ! laufxf !) s6\7f hUufdf v]tL ug]{ cfkm} vfg] / cGo s]xL zt{df v]tL ug]{ d]xgtL ls;fgn] t'?Gt ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf . ;Dks{M (*%&*$)@$! /fw]Zofd u'Ktf

38]/L laqmLdf

gf/ fo0fk'/, emf/a}/f rf]ssf] k] 6«f] n kDkb] lv ^ ;o ld6/ blIf0f : ofgLufpF hfg] lkr af6f] df % ld6/ df] x8f / @) ld6/ lk5jf8 ePsf] cfsif{s 38] / L t'= laqmLdf 5 . l;wf ;Dks{ M

(*$&*&*%)% (*)(%*#!%^

To: t} t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsf j8f g+= !( j8f sfof{non] sf7df8f} +sf] ;Dk"0f{ pkrf/ vr{sf] Joj: yf u/ ] sf] 5 . j8fWoIf k|] dgfy of] uLn] cfly{s cj: yf cToGt} sdhf] / ePsfn] gful/ ssf] af“Rg kfpg] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;Dk"0f{ pkrf/ vr{sf] Joj: yfkg ul/ Psf] atfpg'eof] . t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfn] pxf“sf] pkrf/ sf nflu ;d] t cfly{s ;xof] u ug] { sfo{kflnsfaf6 lg0f{o ul/ Psf] gu/ k|d'v 6Lsf/ fd v8\sfn] atfpg'eof] . kDkmL kl/ jf/ nfO{ gub;lxt vfBfGg, nQf sk8f ;d] t ;xof] u x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . t'n;Lk'/ –!( df / x] sf] gof“ kfOnf k'gM : yfkgf s] Gb|n] vfBfGg ;xof] u u/ ] sf] 5 . kDkmLsf >Ldfg\ a'l¢/ fd k'gn] ufp“b] lv ljb] z;Ddsf JolQmx?af6 ;xof] u k|fKt ub} { cfPsf] atfpg'eof] .

To: t} pxf“sf 5f] / f5f] / Lx?nfO{ t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsf lzIff zfvfn] Ps jif{;Dd k'Ug] z} lIfs ;fdu|Lsf] ;d] t Joj: yfkg u/ ] sf] 5 . pxf“sf kf“rhgf ;GtfgdWo] tLg 5f] / Lx?n] t'n;Lk'/ –!( df / x] sf] gjhfu/ 0f dfWolds ljBfnodf cWoog ub} { cfPsf 5g\ .

sfo{kflnsfdf klg of] ljifodf w] / } k6s 5nkmn eO;s] sf] 5 . jiff} {+;Dd Pp6} sfdnfO{ cNemfO/ xg' pko'Qm x'“b} g .Ú s] xL j8fx?df eg] 7] s] bf/ sDkgLn] cw'/ f] sfd u/ ] / 5f] 8] sf] 5 . !) g+= j8fsf] af6f] df cfwf sfd ePsf] 5 eg] !$ / !% df Ps÷Ps lsnf] ld6/ lkr ePsf] 5 oBlk lkr ePsf] af6f] klg Ps jif{ gx'“b} elTsP/ ;8sdf vfN6} vfN6f ePsf] !$ g+= j8fWoIf z+s/ s'df/ v8\ sfn] atfpg'eof] . …xfd|f] j8fdf k|flws/ 0fn] lkr ug{ yfn] sf] sf] 7/ L–j8f sfof{no x'“b} xfQL9'+uf hf] 8\g] sl/ a 9fO{ lsnf] ld6/ af6f] xf] . cfwf lkr eP/ elTs;s] sf] 5 t/ cfwf lkr x'g} af“sL 5 . of t kflnsfn] k|flws/ 0fdfkm{t sfd u/ f] ;\ . xf] Og eg] ls lhDdf lbPsf] 7] s] bf/ ;“u 7] Ssf / 2 u/ ] / cs} {nfO{ lbg'k¥of] . ls af6f] agfpg'k¥of] .Ú k|flws/ 0fn] @)&&÷)&* df lgdf{0f ug{ yfn] sf !! j6f of] hgf phf{ s[ifj h] jLn] kfof] . ;Demf} tfcg';f/ p;n] oL ;a} of] hgfx? @)&* c;f/ d;fGt;Dd ;DkGg ul/ ;Sg'kg{] k"jf{wf/ zfvf k|d'v Ol~hlgo/ kjg of] uLn] atfpg'eof] . …Pp6} lgdf{0f sDkgLn] 7] Ssf kfp“‘bf klg of] ;d: of cfPsf] xf] . kflnsfdfkm{t uPsf To; otfsf of] hgfx? ;DkGg klg eO;s] t/ k|flws/ 0fdfkm{t 7] Ssfdf nfu] sf af6f] sf] sfd eg] cem} x'g ;s] sf] 5} gÚ– ljut b'O{ jif{otf

lzIfs cfjZostf

o; ljBfnodf df=lj= tx -sIff ( / !)_ ul0ft ljifosf] kflnsf :jo+;]js lzIfs kb l/Qm /x]sf]n] ;f] kbk"lt{sf] nflu u9jf ufpFkflnsfsf] sfof{no, lzIff zfvfsf] r=g+= !)% ldlt @)*).)*.@$ sf] k|fKt cg'dltkq tyf lj=Jo=;=sf] ldlt @)*).)*.@# ut] a;]sf] a}7ssf] lg0f{ofg';f/ of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/saf6 !% lbgleq x:tlnlvt b/vf:t k]z ug{ cfx\jfg ul/G5 . kbM lzIfs ljifoM ul0ft txM df=lj= lsl;dM uf=kf= :jo+;]js lzIfs ;+VofM ! hgf of]Uotf M d"n ljifo ul0ft lnO{ :gfts tx pQL0f{ jf ;f] ;/x b/vf:t b:t'/ M ?=@)))÷– b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldltM @)*)÷)(÷)( ut] ljBfno ;doleq ;Dks{ ldltM @)*)÷)(÷!) ut] k/LIffsf] lsl;dM lnlvt, df}lvs / sIff cjnf]sg t=e=M ufkfsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ pd]/M !* jif{ k"/f u/L $) jif{ ggf3]sf] cfjZos sfuhftM g]kfnL gful/stfsf], cWofkg cg'dltkqsf] / z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|ltlnkL cg'ejL Pj+ dflyNnf] of]Uotf ePsfnfO{ ljz]if u|fxotf lbOg]5 . ;Dks{sf] nfluM (*$&(^*))&÷(*$&*^)$@#÷(*$&*@^%#(

>L hgtf dfWolds ljBfno u9jf–! sfnfsf6] b]pv'/L, bfª

eg] ljsf; k|flws/ 0f k"jf{wf/ zfvfd} ylGsPsf] 5 . ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfd 7] Ssdfkm{t x'“b} cfPsf 5g\ . 7] s] bf/ sDkgLn] kfPsf !! of] hgfdWo] ;ftj6f of] hgf cem} klg cnkq cj: yfdf 5g\ .Ú 7] s] bf/ sDkgLn] !! j6f of] hgfsf] cf7 s/ f] 8 %( nfv &% xhf/ !! ?k} of“sf] 6] 08/ ul/ Psf] df sDkgLn] 36] / kf“r s/ f] 8 ^^ nfv #$ xhf/ rf/ ;o @( ?k} of“df 7] Ssf lnPsf] lyof] . tL dWo] rf/ j6f ;8s of] hgf dfq} ;DkGg u/ ] sf] of] uLn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . ;ftlbg] ;"rgf hf/ L ug] { sfo{kflnsfsf] lg0f{o t ' n ; L k ' / pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf] d+l;/ @! df a;] sf] !^ cf} + sfo{kflnsf a} 7sn] tL ;Demf} tfx?nfO{ cl3 a9fpg] ;jfndf lg0f{o ul/ ;s] sf] t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf k|jQmf dfwj jnLn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . …xfdLn] 7] s] bf/ sDkgLnfO{ lbPsf] Dofb ;lsPkl5 klg sDkgL ;Dks{df cfPsf] 5} g . g t sfd u/ ] sf] 5 . s] xL lbgcl3sf] sfo{kflnsfaf6 lg0f{o eO;s] sf] 5 . lg0f{o sfof{Gjogsf] k|lqmofdf 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …tTsfn 7] s] bf/ sDkgLnfO{ ;Dks{df cfpg ;ft lbg] ;"rgf hf/ L ug] { / ;Dks{df cfPkl5 sfg'gcg';f/ k'gM ;Demf} tfsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9\5 . ;Dks{df gcfP w/ f} 6L hkmt u/ ] / sfnf] ;"rLdf / fVg] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOG5 / tL of] hgfx?sf] k'gM 7] Ssf k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOG5 .Ú

;/ sf/ n] a] kQf kfl/ Psf JolQmsf] 5fglag cfof] u / ;To lg?k0f tyf d] nldnfk cfof] u @)&! df3 @& ut] u7g u¥of] . ;/ sf/ / åGå/ t kIfaLr ;Demf} tf ePsf] ;f9] cf7 jif{kl5 oL b'O{ cfof] u ag] . ;To lg?k0f tyf d] nldnfk cfof] u / a] kQf kfl/ Psf JolQmsf] 5fglag cfof] un] ph'/ L ;+sng ug{] sfd u/ ] t/ af“sL sfd cl3 a9fP/ ;To tYo 5fglag u/ L kL8snfO{ ;hfo / kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbg] sfd x'g' ;s] sf] 5} g . clxn] b'a} cfof] u kbflwsf/ LlaxLg cj: yfdf 5g\ .

Psflt/ zflGt k|lqmofsf] sfd k"/ f x'g ;s] sf] 5} g eg] csf{] lt/ ;dfhdf clxn] klg cfly{s cefj, lzIff tyf ;r] tgfsf] cefjn] lx+;f xTof / anfTsf/ sf 36gfdf sdL cfpg ;s] sf] 5} g . / fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof] un] cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷*) sf] jflif{s k|ltj] bg cg';f/ dfgj clwsf/ sf] pNn+3g jf xgg ePsf] egL hDdf Ps ;o ph'/ Lx¿ btf{ ePsf] pNn] v 5 eg] Gofosf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf kxn ul/ lbg egL btf{ ePsf Ps xhf/ #) j6f lgj] bgdfly kqfrf/ tyf kLl8tx?nfO{ k/ fdz{ ;] jf k|bfg ul/ Psf] 5 . cfof] un] dfgjclwsf/ ;“u ;DalGwt ljifodf b'O{ ;o @) k6s cg'udg u/ ] sf] 5 . cfof] un] k'/ fgf / gof“ u/ L rf/ ;o tLg ph'/ Ldfly cg';Gwfg ;DkGg u/ ] sf] 5 eg] !# j6f gLltut / Ps ;o b'O{j6f ph'/ Lut l;kmfl/ ;x¿ u/ ] sf] 5 . cfof] uaf6 hLjg, dof{bf, ;dfgtf / : jtGqtfsf] clwsf/ , lbuf] zflGt / ;d[l4sf] cfwf/ eGg] cfx\ jfgnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{ dfgjclwsf/ k|j4{g sfo{nfO{ ljz] if k|fyldstfdf / fvL ;Da4{g;DaGwL sfd ul/ / x] sf] 5 . dfgjclwsf/ ;+/ If0fsf nflu cfof] un] lg/ Gt/ sfd ul/ / x] sf] eP klg dfgjclwsf/ sf] cj: yf ;Gtf] ifhgs dfGg ;Sg] cj: yf gePsf] cfof] usf cWoIf tkaxfb'/ du/ sf] egfO 5 . … dfgjclwsf/ ;+: s[lt sfod ug{] d"n Wo] onfO{ Wofgdf / fvL dfgjclwsf/ sf] ;+/ If0f / ;Da4{g ug{ cfof] un] lg/ Gt/ ul/ / x] sf] 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …;+qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf] sfd af“sL g} 5, ;dfhdf zflGt cdgr} g sfd x'g ;s] sf] cj: yf 5} g .Ú pxf“n] cfof] un] / fli6«o tyf cGt/ f{li6«o: t/ sf ;/ f] sf/ jfnf lgsfox¿;“u ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ u/ ] / sfd ub{} cfO/ x] sf] : ki6 kfg{'eof] . cfof] un] ut cfly{s jif{sf] k|ltj] bgdf cfof] un] xfn;Dd k/ ] sf ph'/ Lsf] cg';Gwfg u/ L @* s/ f] 8 !# nfv Ps xhf/ Ps;o &( ?k} of“ Ifltk"lt{sf nflu kLl8tsf] gfddf ;/ sf/ nfO{ l;kmfl/ ; u/ ] sf] eP klg ;/ sf/ af6 xfn;Dd sl/ a ;ft s/ f] 8 dfq kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt ePsf] cfof] usf] k|ltj] bgdf pNn] v 5 . cfof] un] ;/ sf/ nfO{ u/ ] sf] l;kmfl/ ; sfof{Gjogsf] cj: yf klg gfh's b] lvPsf] 5 . cfof] usf Ps xhf/ rf/ ;o ;ftj6f l;kmfl/ ;dWo] !%=# k"0f{, #(=@ k|ltzt cf+lzs / $%=% k|ltzt l;kmfl/ ; sfof{Gjog gePsf] k|ltj] bgdf pNn] v 5 . pQm k|ltj] bgcg';f/ ;/ sf/ n] cfof] usf l;kmfl/ ;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{] ljifodf pbf;Lgtf b] lvPsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ kLl8tn] Gofo kfpg] sfddf sl7gfO b] lvPsf] 5 . dfgjclwsf/ xgg\ eof] eg] cfof] udf uP/ ph'/ L u/ ] kl5 Gofo kfOG5 eg] / cfof] un] k"0f{?kdf kLl8tnfO{ a'emfpg /

;dfrf/

…e|i6frf/ la?4 gful/s bafa cfjZosÚ o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf bfª, @$ d+l;/ . s'zf;g / e|i6frf/ la?4 gful/ s bafa cfjZos / x] sf] df hf] 8 lbOPsf] 5 . dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfh bfª zfvfn] &% cf} + cGt/ f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df cfof] hgf u/ ] sf] nf] stGqsf] k|f0f, ;'zf;g / ;b\efj laifos gful/ s ;+sNk sfo{qmddf / fhgLlts bnsf g] tfx? / gful/ s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?n] e|i6frf/ lj?4 gful/ s bafasf] cfjZostfdf hf] 8 lbPsf x'\g\ . ljZj dfgjclwsf/ lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df ;ftfAofkL sfo{qmdcGtu{t ;~rfng ul/ Psf] gful/ s ;+sNkdf P] Soa4tf hgfp“b} nf] stGqdf wld/ f nufpg] d'Vo sf/ s zf;g eGg ;d] t ;s] sf] b] lvb} g . cfof] usf] k|ltj] bgdf / fHosf lgsfox?aLr sfdsf/ jfxLdf cfk;L ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ x'g g;Sg'n] ubf{ klg dfgjclwsf/ sf] If] qdf pNn] Vo ;'wf/ x'g g;s] sf] pNn] v 5 . k|ltj] bgdf elgPsf] 5– …/ fHosf lgsfox?aLr ;/ sf/ L–;/ sf/ L, ;/ sf/ L–u} / ;/ sf/ L / u} / ;/ sf/ L–u} / ;/ sf/ LaLr ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df ;d: of b] lvPsf] 5, h;n] ubf{ ;f] r] cg'?k kl/ 0ffd cfpg ;s] sf] 5} g .Ú k|ltj] bgn] clxn] klg ;dfhsf] 7"nf] lx: ;f ?9Lu|: t dfgl;stfaf6 u|: t ePsf] b] lvPsf] 5 . …g] kfnL ;dfhsf] 7"nf] lx: ;f clxn] klg ?9Lu|: t dfgl;stfaf6 u|: t 5, sfg'g, Gofo, : jtGqtf, ;dfgtfnufot ljifo p7fg eP klg Jojxf/ tM ;dfh hftLo e] befj, af] S;L, 5fpk8L, afnljjfx / bfOhf] h: tf s'k|yfaf6 d'Qm x'g ;s] sf] 5} gÚ– k|ltj] bgdf elgPsf] 5– …o;sf] a9L df/ blnt, dlxnf, afnaflnsf / cfly{s?kdf ljkGg ;d'bfodfly kg{ uPsf] b] lvG5 .Ú hftLotfsf cfwf/ df clxn] klg 7"nf] / ;fgf] hflt eGg] , kfgL rNg] / grNg] cj: yf sfod / x] sf] cfof] usf] k|ltj] bgdf 5 . g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf #! j6f gful/ ssf] xssf nflu df} lns xssf] Joj: yf ul/ Psf] 5 . tLg jif{leq sfg'g agfP/ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] elgPsf] lyof] . sfg'g ag] t/ lgodfjnL ag] / cem} sfof{Gjogdf cfpg ;s] sf] 5} g . o;n] ubf{ gful/ sn] kfpg'kg{] ;+j} wflgs xssf] klg pkof] u ug{ kfPsf 5} gg\ .

dfgjclwsf/==== sfo{qmddf gful/ s ;dfh bfªsf k"j{;+of] hs rGb|/ fh kGt, k|] ; sfplG;n g] kfnsf ;b: o z/ b clwsf/ L, dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ / Ifs ;~hfn bfªsf ;+: yfks cWoIf nIdL cfrfo{, dfgj sNof0f tyf jftfj/ 0f ;+/ If0f s] Gb|sf ;+: yfks cWoIf >Ldg Gof} kfg] , dfgjclwsf/ sdL{x? ljgf] b s] ;L, lrGtfdl0f kf} 8] n, lgd{nf uf} td, lhjL lrGtg, lgd{nf Gof} kfg] , ;"o{ kf} 8] n, dw';"bg / fjt, nf] s/ fh k/ fh'nLnufotn] dfgjclwsf/ sf] cj: yfaf/ ] rrf{ ub} { o;sf] ;+/ If0f / ;+j4{gdf / fHo;+oGqnfO{ hjfkmb] xL agfp“b} ;a} ldn] / k} / jL ug'{kg] {df hf] 8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ / Ifs lhNnf ;~hfnsf pkfWoIf clgtf kf] v|] nn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

cfjZostf o; /fKtL Ol~hlgol/ª sn]h 3f]/fxL bfªsf] nflu tkl;ndf pNn]lvt pk–k|fWofks / ;xfos pk–k|fWofks cfjZostf k/]sf]n] OR5's g]kfnL gful/saf6 b/vf:t cfx\jfg ul/G5 . !_ kb M pk–k|fWofks ;+Vof M ! hgf of]Uotf M Master in Computer/IT Engineering @_ kb M ;xfos pk–k|fWofks ;+Vof M ! hgf of]Uotf M BE Computer cfjZos sfuhftx? M z}lIfs k|df0fkqsf k|ltlnlkx? !÷! yfg, gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk / x:tlnlvt lgj]bg lgj]bg b:t'/ M pk–k|fWofkssf] nflu ?= !))).–, ;xfos pk–k|fWofkssf nflu ?= %)).– k/LIffsf] lsl;d M df}lvs / sIff cjnf]sg b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)*).)*.@& ut];Dd yk hfgsf/Lsf] nflu M (*%&*#!^*$, (*%&*#%(()

l;6 ;Lldt 5.

/fKtL Ol~hlgol/ª sn]h 3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf–!^ ;fgLcDafk'/ ;/f{, bfª

k4ltdf / x] sf] ljs[lt / e|i6frf/ / x] sf] atfOPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf s] Gb|Lo ;b: o Pj+ ;+ljwfg;ef ;b: o cgf/ snL ldof“n] ;/ sf/ u7g eO{ lhDd] jf/ L / fd|f] ;“u lgjf{x ug{ gkfp“b} ;/ sf/ 9fNg] k4lt g} v/ fj / x] sf] atfpg'eof] . g] kfnL sf+u|] ; bfªsf ;x;lrj / fh' cfrfo{n] x/ ] s kf6L{sf] cfGtl/ s snx / k|0ffnLut q'l6sf sf/ 0f nf] stGqdfly k|Zg p7fpg] x? a9] sf] jtfpg'eof] . kf6L{leq} ;'zf;g / kf/ blz{tf cfjZos / x] sf] df pxf“sf] hf] 8 lyof] . / fli6«o hgdf] rf{sf lhNnf cWoIf u0f] z cfrfo{n] gful/ s ;+sNksf sfo{qmd ;8s s] lGb|t x'g'kg] { ;'emfj lbg'eof] . gful/ s ;dfh bfªsf ;Nnfxsf/

6Lsf/ fd / ] UdLn] / fhgLlts g] t[Tjsf] ;DklQ 5fglag ug'{kg] {df hf] 8 lbb} ;fj{hlgs kbdf / x] sf ;a} sf] ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs x'g'kg] { atfpg'eof] . dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf lgjt{dfg s] Gb|Lo jl/ i7 pk;efklt ;'zLn a: g] tn] zflGt ;dfhn] tof/ kf/ ] sf] cjwf/ 0ffdfly p7] sf k|Zg / k|ltlqmofnfO{ : ki6 kfg'{ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmddf gful/ s ;+sNksf] ;+If] lks/ 0f ;d] t ug'{ePsf] lyof] . zfvfsf sfo{jfxs ;efklt sf] dn l8;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf s] Gb|Lo ;lrj lgd{n g] kfnLn] cjwf/ 0ffkq k|: t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . : jfut dGtJo sf] iffWoIf o1 las / ;xhLs/ 0f ;lrj cd[t zdf{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

b"wsf]====

ls;fgx?sf] 5 . ls;fgx?n] ufO{ e} +;LnfO{ v'jfpg] bfgfdf nufgL w] / } nfUg] ePsfn] kf] if0fo'Qm bfgfdf cg'bfg lbg dfu / fv] sf 5g\ . … bfgfdf w] / } vr{ x'G5 . ;w} + v'jfpg] Ifdtf 5} g . pGgt ufO{ e} +;L kfn] / klg pTkfbg w] / } lng ;lsPsf] 5} gÚ– ls;fg sn;L jnLn] eGg'eof] – …3f“; 5g{] hUuf 5} g . lnhdf lnP/ ef8f ltl/ lbg] u/ L ;/ sf/ n] ;xof] u u/ ] df / fd|f] x'g] lyof] .Ú

5 . ;xsf/ L ;+: yfn] k7fPsf] ljj/ 0fsf] cfwf/ df cg'bfg ;d] t lbg] u/ ] sf] 5 . ;xsf/ L dfkm{t sf/ f] af/ ubf{ ls;fgnfO{ ;lhnf] ;“u k|ltkmn x'g] , ;/ sf/ n] lbg] cg'bfg ;d] t kfOg] ePsf] ;xsf/ L ;+: yfsf Joj: yfks k'gd e08f/ Ln] atfpg'eof] . …ls;fgx?n] clxn] b"w, v;L, af] sf ;xsf/ L dfkm{t laqmL ub{} cfpg'ePsf] 5 . o;af6 ls;fgnfO{ klg kmfObf 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …b} lgs cfkm'n] laqmL u/ ] sf] b"wsf] ln6/ / d"No ls;fgn] ;xh} yfxf kfpg'x'G5 . o;af6 ls;fgnfO{ n] vfhf] vf ug{ d2t k'u] sf] 5 .Ú ls;fgaf6 ;+sng x'g] b"w a9L x'“bf To;nfO{ ;'/ lIft / fVg lr: ofg s] Gb|df k"jf{wf/ sf] eg] cefj b] lvPsf] 5 . hf8f] dlxgfdf b'w laqmL gx“'bf ;+sng u/ ] / / fVg] 7fp“sf] cefj / x] sfn] : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] ;xof] u ug{'kg{] dfu / flvPsf] 5 . otf ndxL gu/ kflnsfsf k|d'v hf] u/ fh rf} w/ Ln] b"wdf cfTdlge{/ kflnsf ePsf] , ls;fgx?nfO{ ;xof] u k'Ug] sfo{qmd agfpg] atfpg'eof] . …b"w, df5f, df;'df xfd|f] kflnsf cfTdlge{/ ePsf] 5 . ls;fgx?nfO{ ;xh x'g] u/ L sfo{qmd agfp“5f} +Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …ls;fgsf] kIfdf xfdL 5f} + .Ú e} +;L tyf ufO{ Jofj;flos ?kdf kfNg sl7g ePsf] , ufO{ e} +;LnfO{ v'jfpg] bfgf dx+uf] x'“bf nufgL cg';f/ cfDbfgL gx'g] u'gf;f]

zflGtsf====

zflGtsf nflu zflGt If] qsf] 3f] if0ff n'lDagLaf6 ev{/ } z'? ePsf] 5 . hGd] b] lv d/ 0f;Dd ofjt\ sfo{ ug{ zflGtk"0f{ jftfj/ 0f cfjZos k5{ . o;nfO{ z'?b] lv g} lzIff / Jojxf/ sf] c+u agfpg' ckl/ xfo{ 5Ú– lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5– …zflGt cleofgsf] ljhf/ f] k0f ePsf] df v'zL JoQm ub{5' . zlQm / fi6«x?sf] cf“vf kl/ ;s] sf] ;fdl/ s b[li6n] cToGt ;+j] bgzLn uf} td a'4sf] hGd: yn g] kfnnfO{ ;bfsf nflu zflGt If] q 3f] if0ff cleofgdf h'6\g ;Dk"0f{ zflGtsfdL gful/ sdf clkn ub{5' .Ú o'4 / czflGtaf6 qf0f kfpg cfh} sf lbg ;+o'Qm / fi6«;+3n] dfgjclwsf/ 3f] if0ffkq hf/ L u/ ] sf] : d/ 0f ub} { bfª ljkZogf s] Gb|sf ;+: yfks cWoIf ;d] t / xg'ePsf zdf{n] hf/ L u/ ] sf] lj1lKtdf t] ;|f] ljZjo'4 / f] lsP klg ;fgfltgf o'4 g/ f] lsPsf] , kl5Nnf] k6s ?; o'qm] g o'4 / Oh/ fon xdf; o'4n] ljZjdf zflGt vNalnPsf] / o'4 / f] Sg] k|of; cem} ;kmn x'g g;s] sf] kl/ k|] Iodf ljZje/ af6 zflGtsf] cfjfh p7fpg'kg] { cfjZostf a9] / uPsf] pNn] v 5 .

;"rgf Û ;"rgf ÛÛ ;"rgf ÛÛÛ o; :ju{åf/L jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 3f]/fxL–!) gf/fo0fk'/ bfªn] ljut jif{x?df h:t} o; jif{ klg cfkm\gf z]o/ ;b:ox?sf 5f]/f÷5f]/Lx?dWo]af6 @)&( ;fnsf] P;=O{=O{= k/LIffdf ;jf]{Ts[i6 c+s Nofpg] ! hgf 5fq / 5fqfnfO{ gub k'/:sf/ ;lxt ;Ddfg ug]{ sfo{qmd ePsfn] ljBfyL{sf] nAwf+s kqsf] k|ltlnlk ;lxt ldlt @)*).(.# ut] sfof{no ;doleq lgj]bg lbgsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ ;b:oHo"x?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . k|sfzs'df/ Gof}kfg] ;+of]hs

;Ddfg Pj+ k'/:sf/ 5gf}6 ;ldlt

:ju{åf/L jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 3f]/fxL–!) gf/fo0fk'/, bfª

dfgl;s tyf gzf /f]u ljz]if1 8f= lagf]b kf}8n] ca cleif]s d]l8sn :6f];,{ 3f]/fxLdf e/ tk'/ d] l8sn sn] hdf sfo{/ t clt cg'ejL jl/ i7 dfgl;s tyf gzf / f] u ljz] if1 8f= lagf] b kf} 8] nåf/ f r] shfFr ul/ g] x'Fbf ;dod} cfkm\gf] gfd btf{ u/ fO{ k'/ fgf] eGbf k'/ fgf] / f] usf] ;kmn pkrf/ u/ fpg'xf] ;\ .

8fS6/ åf/ f lbOg] ;] jfx? M !_ lgb|f gnfUg] , cw{skfnL, dfOu|] g, 6fpsf] / z/ L/ b'Vg] , kf] Ng] , lzNsf xfGg] / emdemdfpg] @_ dg cflQg] , pbf; x'g] , 56k6L nfUg] , ;f; km] g{ ufx|f] x'g] , d'6' w8lsg] , l/ +uf6f nfUg] , 3fF6Ldf s] xL c8\s] sf] nfUg] , hf] z–hfFu/ gnfUg] / ysfO nfUg] #_ hfF8, / S;L, ;'tL{, ufFhf, r'/ f] 6 nfu' cf} ifw 5'6fpg] $_ ;] S; k|lt c?lr %_ sfDg] , a] xf] z x'g] , 8/ fpg] , sdhf] / L nfUg] , z+sf ug] {, aa{/ fpg] , l/ ;fpg] , emf] +lSsg] , kfunkg / Psf] xf] / f] kg ^_ 5f/ ] , lduL{, l8k|] zg, P+uhfo6L / cNhfOd/ &_ tgfj, lrGtf, rfF8} la;{g] afgL / ;a} vfn] lbdfu / gzf ;DaGwL / f] usf] ;kmn pkrf/ . la/ fdL hf“r x'g] ldlt M @)*) k'; & ut] , zlgjf/ , laxfg !) ah] b] lv a] n'sf % ah] ;Dd

kmf]gaf6 klg gfd btf{ ul/G5 .

cleif]s d]l8sn :6f];{

M{ ks ;D 3f]/fxL– !% afndlGb/ rf]s -afndlGb/sf] ;fd'Gg]_

gofF o'uaf]w k|sfzg k|f=ln= åf/f k|sflzt, ;+: yfks Pj+ ;Nnfxsf/ M gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{, cWoIf tyf k|aGw lgb]{zs M k|tfk /]UdL, ;Dkfbs M nIdL cfrfo{, ;dfrf/ ;Dkfbs M h]=Pg= ;fu/

kmf]g g+= (*$&(%&!(#, (*!@**()@*

Joj: yfksM Clif/fh kf]v|]n

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