२०७९ साल मंसिर १५ गते विहीवार

CMYK

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b]pv'/L, !$ d+l;/ . ndxL gu/kflnsf–# lgjf;L /d]z rf}w/Ln] wfg v]tL ug{ y'k}| ;f:tL v]Kg'k¥of] . cg'bfgsf] /f;folgs dn kfpg ;Sg' ePg . v8]/Ln] emg ;d:of yKof] . h]gt]g wfg pTkfbg eof] . /d]zn] wfg laqmL ug{ vf]Hg'eof] . t/ v]tL ug{ nfu]sf] nfut ;d]t gp7\g] cj:yf eof] . …v]tL ubf{ hlt nufgL nfUof] . laqmL ubf{ nufgL ;d]t gp7\g] cj:yf eof]Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …s;/L v]tLkftLdf l6Sg ;lsGYof] <Ú /d]zn] @$ ;o ?k}of“ SjLG6n wfg laqmL ug{e ' of] . /d]z h:t} ls;fgn] nufgL cg';f/ wfgsf] plrt d"No kfPsf 5}gg\ . ls;fg o;kfln klg wfgsf] ;xL d"No gkfp“bf 7luPsfsf 5g . /fO; ldn tyf uNnf vl/b ug]{ Jofkf/Ln] wfg vl/b ul//x]sf 5g . pgLx?n] ls;fgaf6 cfkm"vz ' L d"No tf]s]/ wfg vl/b ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] d"No eGbf yf]/} d"Nodf wfg vl/b ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] o;kfln wfgsf] d"No tf]s]sf] 5 . dWod wfg k|ltSjLG6n tLg xhf/ Ps ;o @* ?k}of“df vl/b ug{ ;/sf/n] d"No tf]s]sf] 5 . df]6f] wfgsf] d"No k|ltSjLG6n b'O{ xhf/ ( ;o ^& ?k}of“df vl/b ug{ tf]lsPsf] xf] . t/ ls;fgn] ;/sf/L d"Nodf wfg laqmL ug{ kfp“b}gg\ .

;jf{lws /fzLsf] km"6jn k|ltof]lutf z'? t'n;Lk'/, !$ d+l;/ -o';_– t'n;Lk'/sf] bdf/ufp“df ;jf{lws k'/:sf/ /fzLsf] dLgaxfb'/ s];L :d[lt sk km"6an k|ltof]lutf a'waf/b]lv z'? ePsf] 5 .

6fOu/ o'jf Sna t'n;Lk'/–# bdf/ufp“sf] cfof]hgfdf z'? ePsf] k|ltof]lutfsf] pb\3f6g k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o bLks lu/Ln] ug{e ' Psf] af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

…wfg vl/b laqmLdf larf}lnof 5g\ . ToxL eP/ xfdLn] slxNo} plrt d"No kfp“b}gf}Ú+ – ls;fg u0f]z rf}w/Ln] eGg'eof]– …v]tL ug{ nfUg] dn, lap, kl/>dsf] d"No p7\b}g .Ú :yfgLo :t/df clxn] /fO; ldnx?n] dl;gf] wfg k|ltSjLG6n @( ;o b]lv tLg xhf/ ?k}of“df vl/b u/]sf 5g\ . df]6f] wfg k|ltSjLG6n b'O{ xhf/ rf/ ;ob]lv b'O{ xhf/ kf“r ;o ?k}of“df vl/b eO/x]sf] 5 . dl;gf] wfgsf] ?kdf uf]/vgfy, ;'lk|d ;f]gf, s'a]ngnufot vl/b ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 eg] df]6f] wfgsf] ?kdf /fwf $, ^$$$, z+s/nufot vl/b ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf s]xL ?kdf wfgsf] d"No a9]sf] b]lvG5 . SjLG6ndf %) b]lv Ps ;o ?k}of“ a9]/ Aoj;foLn] vl/b u/]sf 5g\ . kf]x/;fn dl;gf] wfg b'O{ xhf/ ;ft ;o ?k}of“ / df]6f] wfg b'O{ xhf/ tLg ;o ?k}of“ SjLG6ndf vl/b ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ ls;fgn] kfpg] d"No nfutsf] lx;fan] Hofb} Go"g ePsf] cu'jf ls;fg ljZj clwsf/Ln] atfpg'eof] . …vfBfGg pTkfbg ug]{ ls;fgnfO{ cGofo 5 . ls;fgn] ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] d"No ;d]t gkfpg] cj:yf 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …;/sf/n] ls;fgsf] ;d:of a'‰b}g .Ú wfg v]tLdf nfut 36fpg] ljifodf :yfgLo ;/sf/n] sfo{qmd agfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . jif]{ wfg v]tLdf ls;fgn] /f;folgs dn / l;+rfO{sf] r/d ;d:of ef]Ug'k¥of] . h;n] ubf{ wfg pTkfbg

;d]t 36\g k'u]sf] 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/n] wfgsf] pTkfbg a9fpg pGgt wfgsf] lap pknAw u/fpg], k|fu+ fl/s dnsf] k|of]unfO{ a9fpg] of]hgf agfPsf] /fKtL ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf k|sfz lai6n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . …/f;folgs dnsf] ljsNkdf k|fu+ fl/s dn tof/ kfg{k' g]{ b]lvG5 . k|fu+ fl/s dn agfpg :yfgLo ;/sf/n] Wofg lbPsf] 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …?vsf kft kltË/ / uf]j/ ld;fP/ k|fu+ fl/s dn, u8\of}nf dn agfpg] of]hgf 5 .Ú ls;fgnfO{ wfgsf] ;xL d"No lbg kxn lng] cWoIf lai6n] atfpg'eof] . sIfklt /fO; ldnn] o; jif{ klg wfg vl/b u/]sf] 5 . …xfdLn] wfg vl/b ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf o;kfln wfgsf] d"No s]xL a9]sf] 5Ú– Dofg]h/ dbg clwsf/Ln] eGg'eof]– …;/sf/L d"Nodf wfg vl/b ug{ ;lsb}g . rngrNtLsf] d"Nodf vl/b u5f{}+ .Ú vfBn] lsGb}g wfg vfB tyf Jofkf/ sDkgL lnld6]8 bfªn] lhNnfaf6 wfg vl/b ub}g{ . ;/sf/n] wfgsf] d"No tf]s] klg lhNnfaf6 ;/sf/L lgsfon] wfg vl/b gug]{ u/]sf] xf] . sfof{no k|dv ' ltns ;'gf/sf cg';f/ o;kfln tf]lsPsf] wfgsf] d"No cg';f/ vl/b ug]{ sfof{b]z k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . …xfdLnfO{ wfg vl/b ug{ sfof{b]z 5}gÚ– ;'gf/n] eGg'eof]– …lhNnf leq ;/sf/L b//]6sf] cfwf/df wfg vl/b ePsf] b]lvb}g .

Jofkf/Ln] klg gfkmf sdfpg ;/sf/L d"No eGbf sd d"Nodf wfg vl/b ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .Ú wfg v]tL ug{] If]qkmn 36\of] bfª lhNnfdf jif{] wfg v]tL sl/a #( xhf/ x]S6/ If]qkmndf x'b“ } cfPsf] lyof] . t/ o; jif{ v8]/Lsf sf/0f #& xhf/ tLg ;o $) x]S6/ If]qkmndf dfq} wfg v]tL ePsf] s[lif 1fg s]Gb| bfªsf s[lif cy{lj1 k[YjL/fh nfld5fg]n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . o; jif{ !% nfv #$ xhf/ 5 ;o #% d]l6«s 6g wfg pTkfbg ePsf] 5 . ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf o; jif{ kf“r k|ltztn] wfg pTkfbg 36]sf] s[lif 1fg s]Gb| bfªn] hgfPsf] 5 . …of] jif{ c;f/, ;fpg dlxgfdf kfgL k/]g . h;n] ubf{ wfg v]tL x'g] 7fp“df wfg v]tL ePgÚ– nfld5fg]n] eGg'eof]– …ebf}df kfgL k/]sfn] wfg pTkfbg s]xL ;lk|of] .Ú

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ug{ nfu]sf] Aofkfl/s dxf]T;jsf] la/f]wdf t'n;Lk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3n] ahf/ aGb u/fPsf] xf] . t'n;Lk'/sf] xfQLvf}jfdf :yfgLo o'Y; ckm t'n;Lk'/ ;+:yfn] cfw'lgs k':tsfno lgdf{0f ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]/ dxf]T;j ;~rfng ug{ nfu]sf] 5 . To;sf] la/f]wdf t'n;Lk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 tyf cGo Aofj;flos ;+u7gx? la/f]wdf /x]sf 5g\ . t'n;Lk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3;lxt cGo Aofkfl/s ;+u7gx?n] u}/Aofkfl/s ;+:yfn] dxf]T;j ;~rfng ug{ nfu]sf] eGb} la/f]w ul//x]sf 5g\ . la/f]wsf] qmddf ;+3sf] cu'jfOdf a'waf/ t'n;Lk'/ ahf/ aGb u/fOPsf] 5 . ;+3sf] la/f]w / Aoj;foLsf]

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;Nofg, !$ d+l;/ . z}lIfs ;q z'?' ePsf] em08} cf7 dlxgf k'lu;s]sf] 5 . kof{Kt dtkq / lgjf{rg k|rf/ ;fdu|L 5kfpg ;Sg] ;/sf/n] ljBfyL{sf xftdf kf7\ok':ts k'¥ofpg eg] cem} ;s]sf] 5}g . h;sf sf/0f ;Nofgsf] zf/bf gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] Ps ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x?n] kf7\ok':tslagf g} jflif{s kl/Iff lbg] tof/L u/]sf 5g\ . egf{ ePkl5 ljBfyL{n] cWoogsf nflu kfpg'kg]{ kf7\ok':ts cem} kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;/sf/n] sIff !@ ;Ddsf kf7\ ok':tsx? lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ug]{ eg] klg ;Nofgdf k':ts gcfPkl5 lzIfsn] k'/fgf, kfgf RofltPsf k':ts vf]h]/ k9fp“b} cfPsf 5g\ . t/ w]/} ljBfyL{sf xftdf k'/fgf kf7\ok':ts klg k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . zf/bf gu/kflnsf–( ;'Grf}/df /x]sf] lgDg dfWolds ljBfnodf cem} kf7\ok':ts cefj /x]sf] 5 . sIff * df cWoog/t rqmaxfb'/ ljs;“u c+u]hL, | g]kfnL / :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff lstfj k'/fg} 5 . k'/fgf] lstfj ePsfn] CMYK

æha / :6fkm kfpgsf] nflu ;lhnf] dfWodÆ != sd{rf/L cfjZos k/]df jf s'g} klg Vacancy Announce ug'{ k/]df . @= s'g} klg If]qdf /f]huf/ cfjZos k/]df Job Apply Process ug'{ k/]df . #= /f]huf/ cled'vLs/0f tflndx? . oxfFx?sf] ;Gt'li6 g} xfd|f] ;kmntf xf], t;y{ ;]jf ug]{ cj;/ lbg'xf]nf . k|f]= eLds'df/ /fjt ;Dks{ g+= M (*!)!$^*)), (*^^(!*$&@, (*@@*(^*)&

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n}+lus ;jfndf ;~rf/ dfWod ;+j]bgzLn x'g'k5{ M ;/f]sf/jfnf o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf 3f]/fxL, !$ d+l;/ . n}l+ us ;jfndf ;~rf/ dfWod ;+jbgzLn ] x'gk' g]d{ f ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . gful/s ;r]tgf, va/bf/L;“u} ljBdfg ;d:of phfu/ ug]{ dfWod g} ldl8of /x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] ;Eo ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu ;~rf/ dfWod ;+jbgzLn ] eP/ sfd ug'k{ g]d{ f hf]8 lbP . lk|m ldl8of] g]6js{sf] cfof]hgf tyf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª zfvfsf] ;+of]hgdf a'waf/ 3f]/fxLdf ePsf] ldl8ofdf n}l+ us lx+;fsf ;jfn ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] ldl8ofsf] e"ldsfnfO{ yk a[l4 ug]{ s'/fdf ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . …n}l+ us lx+;f Go"gLs/0f Ps b'Oh { gfsf] k|of;n] x'b“ g} t/ Ps}rf]6L cfd gful/snfO{ ;';l" rt ug]{ sfd eg] ldl8ofn] ug{;S5Ú– ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] eg]– …n}l+ us lx+;f Go"gLs/0fdf lhNnfsf ;a} ;~rf/ dfWodsf] e"ldsf 5 . t/ o;nfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg h?/L 5 .Ú n}l+ us ;jfnnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy k|sfzg k|;f/0f u/] klg cem} a9fpg h?/L /x]sf] pgLx?sf] ;'emfj lyof] . …ldl8of ;zQm 5 . lx+;fsf 36gf phfu/ ug],{ kLl8tnfO{ Gofosf nflu ;xhLs/0f ug],{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;r]tLs/0f / va/bf/L ug]{ sfd ldl8ofn] ug{;S5Ú– dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifs ;~hfn bfªsf ;+of]hs ;'zLnf kf}8]nn] eGg'eof]–

…lxhf]b]lv g} of] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] 5 / cfp“bf lbgdf cem} k|efjsf/L agfpg h?/L 5 .Ú clwsf/ cleoGtfn] eGbf sltko gful/sn] ljZjf; gug]{ t/ ldl8ofn] To:tf ;fdu|L kl:sbf gful/sn] ljZjf; ug]{ ;d]t kf}8]nn] atfpg'eof] . gful/s ;dfh bfªsf ;+of]hs s]jL d;fnn] n}l+ us lx+;flj?4sf cleofg zx/ s]lGb|t ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ u|fdL0f If]qdf ;r]tLs/0fsf] sfd ldl8ofn] ug{;Sg] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] lx+;flj?4sf cleofg ufp“ s]lGb|t ug{ h?/L /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . gof“ o'uaf]w b}lgssf ;Dkfbs Pj+ clwsf/sdL{ nIdL cfrfo{n] Gofok"0f{ ;dfh lgdf{0fdf ldl8ofsf] e"ldsf pNn]vgLo /x]sf] eGb} o;nfO{ yk ;zQm agfP/ n}hfg !^ lbg] cleofgn] emsemsfpg] sfd u/sf] ] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf k|; ] sfplG;nsf ;b:o z/b clwsf/Ln] n}l+ us ;jfnsf ;fdu|LnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg cfkm" klg nfUg] / c? ldl8ofsdL{x?nfO{ Wofg lbg cfu|x ug'e{ of] .

g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf cWoIf b'uf{nfn s];Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf kqsf/ h]=Pg=;fu/n] bfªaf6 k|sflzt gof“ o'uaf]w b}lgs, uf]/If b}lgs, u0ftGq b}lgs, /fKtL kf]i6 b}lgs / k|bz ] 6'8] b}lgsdf c;f]h dlxgfdf k|sflzt n}l+ us ;jfnsf ;dfrf/sf] tYof+s k|:t't ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . k|:t't cfwf/kqdf n}l+ us ;jfnsf ;dfrf/, vf]hL ;dfrf/, ;DkfbsLo, n]v /rgf, cGt/jftf{nufot ;"rgf, ;r]tLs/0f, pTk|/] 0ff, lzIff / va/bf/Lsf ;fdu|L ;d]l6Psf] pNn]v 5. sfo{qmddf l;;f g]kfnsf ;flhbf l;l2sL, clwsf/sdL{ ljgf]b s];L, kqsf/x? lnnf zfx, ;'zLnf cfrfo{, dfof kf]v|n, ] /f]zgL dNn, bfª pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf dxf;lrj dx]Gb| a'9fyf]sLnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf pkfWoIf a;'Gw/f uf}tdsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f ;x;lrj lbKtLzLvf rf}w/Ln] ug'e{ Psf] lyof] .

s[ltTj tyf JolQmTjsf] af/df ] k|dv ' jQmfåo k|f=8f= lzjs'df/ ;'jbL ] / ;+:s[ltljb\ 8f= uf]ljGb cfrfo{n] rrf{ ug{e' Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|dv ' cltly k|f=8f= ofbjk|;fb nfld5fg], ljlzi6 cltly k|f= >Lw/ dhu}of“, ;jf]b{ o k':tsfno tyf jfrgfno bfªsf cWoIf ;'zLn uf}td, gful/s ;dfh bfªsf k"j;{ o+ f]hs 6Lsf/fd /UdL, ] /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ k'?iff]Qd vgfnnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf]

lyof] . sfo{qmddf ztfAbL jfª\ do k'?if ;Todf]xg hf]zLsf] tl:j/df dfNofk{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . dx]Gb| ax'dv ' L SofDk; ;+:s[lt ljefusf ljefuLo k|dv ' Pj+ pkk|fWofks ;'Gb/ uf}tdsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmddf /fli6«o ;f+:s[lts ljsf; kl/ifb\sf cWoIf r"0f{axfb'/ rf}w/Ln] wGojfb lbg'ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\ sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf 6Lsf/fd pbf;Ln] ug{e' Psf] lyof] .

dxf]T;jsf] la/f]wdf t'n;Lk'/ ahf/ aGb ;Todf]xgsf] ;Demgfdf >4f~hnL ;ef cj/f]wnfO{ a]jf:tf u/]/ dxf]T;a ;~rfng ePdf cfpg] k|ltkmnsf] lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo k|zf;gn] lng'kg]{ ;+3n] hgfPsf] 5 . ;+3n] u/]sf] cfu|xnfO{ c6]/L u/]/ cfof]hsn] dxf]T;j ;~rfng u/]df ahf/ aGb lg/Gt/ x'g] tyf cGo cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmd klg ul/g] ;+3sf dxf;lra ljlgn s];Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sflnsf cl8of] ;Knfo;{sf ;~rfns b'uf{k; | fb e';fnn] :yfgLo ;/sf/ / :yfgLo k|zf;gsf la?4 ug{k' g]{ cfGbf]ng k;n aGb u/]/ gx'g] atfpg'eof] . cfof]hs tyf cg'dlt lbg] lgsfon] ;dod} 5nkmn gubf{ ;d:of ePsf] eGb} ;fgf af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

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cl3Nnf kf7 / kl5Nnf s]xL kf7 5}gg\ . t/ pgL ToxL lstfj k9\b} cfPsf 5g\ . …cl3Nnf s]xL kfgf 5}gg\Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …sIff * kf; ug]{ lalQs} csf]{ ljBfnodf k9\g hfg'k5{ t/ d'Vo ljifo g} gx'b“ f s;/L k9\g' <Ú rqm;“u} k9\g] sf}lznf af]x/f;“u tLgj6f lstfj 5}gg\ . …c+u]hL, | g]kfnL / :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff lstfj g} 5}g, s]xLn] bfOlbbLsf, ;fyLx?;“u k'/fgf lstfj dfu]sf 5g\ t/ d;“u

ToxL k'/fgf lstfj klg 5}gg\Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …;/n] k9fpg'xG' 5, xfdL k'/fg} lstfj ePsf] ;fyL;“u} a;]/ x]5f}{+ .Ú pxf“n] lstfj gx'b“ f 3/df k9\g] cj:yf gePsf] atfpg'eof] . …lstfj eP k9\g x'GYof]Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …klxn]sf kl/Iff lstfjlagf g} lbof},+ jflif{s k/LIff klg lstfjlagf g} lbg] t xf]nf .Ú ;dod} ljBfyL{n] k':ts gkfp“bf k9fO k|efljt ePsf] cleefjssf] u'gf;f] 5 . o; ljBfnodf s]xL dlxgfcl3 dfq} af“sL

sIffsf kf7\ok':ts cfPsf x'g\ t/ sIff * sf] c+u]hL, | g]kfnL, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff eg] cem} cfPsf] 5}g . h;sf sf/0f ljBfyL{nfO{ k9fpg ;d:of ePsf] lzIfs 6Lsf/fd sfsL{n] atfpg'eof] . …clxn] k9fpg lgs} ;d:of ePsf] 5, d'Vo ljifosf] lstfj g} gx'b“ f ljBfyL{nfO{ s;/L k9fpg' < xfdL sxf“ s]xL ljBfyL{x?n] dfq} k'/fgf lstfj dfu]/ NofPsf 5g\ t/ w]/} ljBfyL{df ToxL k'/fgf lstfj klg 5}gg\Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …jflif{s k/LIff cfpg s]xL dlxgfdfq} af“sL 5, o:tf] cj:yfdf pgLx?sf] k9fOdf lgs} ;d:of ePsf] 5 .Ú ;dodf g} ljBfyL{sf] xftdf kf7\ ok':ts pknAw gx'g' 7"nf] ;d:of xf] . ljBfnodf kf7\ok':tssf] cefj eP klg k':ts Joj;foLnfO{ klxn] NofPsf kf7\ok':tssf] /sd e'QmfgL ug{ g;Sbf af“sL lstfj gcfPsf] ljBfno ;|f]t atfp“5 . ljBfnos} csf{ lzIfs s0f{axfb'/ a'9fn] eg] casf] s]xL ;dodf g} ljBfnodf k':ts cfpg] bfaL ug'e{ of] . clxn] ljBfnosf] a}s + af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

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;+3if{ / Pstfsf] åGåjfbL lgod nfu' u/f}+ ls < /fhgLlts d"Nosf] lj36g g] kfnsf] / fli6«otf tyf / fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / cfly{s kl/ jt{gsf] nflu ;~rflnt cfGbf] ngdf jfd cfGbf] ngsf] P] ltxfl;s e"ldsf / x] sf] 5 . jfd cfGbf] ngsf] lzlj/ df au] sf] w] / } / ut, kl;gf / cfF;'n] of] d'n's l;+lrt ePsf] Oltxf; xfd|f cufl8 5n{ª\u b] lvG5 . t/ jfdkGyLx? ;+;bLo Joj: yfsf] ;/ sf/ df uP kZrft cfkm\gf] bz{g, / fhgLlt / l;4fGt cg'?k sfd ug{ eg] ;s] gg\ . ;Qf k|flKtsf nflu r'gfjL u7aGwg ubf{ jfdkGyL bnx?n] g} jfdx?sf aLrdf x'g] j} rfl/ s lgs6tfnfO{ g} eTsfO lbP . of] g} g] kfnsf] jfd cfGbf] ngsf] ;aeGbf g/ fd|f] tl: j/ xf] . of] tl: j/ n] / fli6«otf, hgtGq / hghLljsfsf lgldQ rNg] ;+o'Qm jfd cfGbf] ngsf] Oltxf; / ul/ dfnfO{ g} Wj: t kf¥of] . jfdx?sf] ;Qf cg'/ fu / h'+ufsf] n8fO“n] nfnem08f lj?4 nfnem08f pleg yfn] kl5 To;sf] kmfObf u}/ afd kf6L{x?nfO{ x'g' : jfefljs g} eof] . Psflt/ / fhgLlts d"Nox?df r'Sb} hfg] / csf] {lt/ r'gfjdf nfnem08flj?4 nfnem08f pleg] ;+: s[ltsf] ljsf;n] jfd cfGbf] ng kIfw/ / z'elrGtsdf 7"nf] lg/ fzfsf] jftfj/ 0f aGb} uPsf] 5 . o;/ L ;+;bLo Joj: yfdf ;+;bLo lgjf{rg, ;/ sf/ sf] u7g / k'gu{7g ;dLs/ 0f / w|'jLs/ 0f cflbdf jfdkGyL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] cfkm\gf] j} rfl/ s w/ ftnnfO{ la;] {/ a'h'{jf zlQmnfO{ glhs b] Vg yfNg] xf] eg] jfdkGyL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ng sbflk pFef] nfUb} g . ev{/ } ;DkGg r'gfjn] klg of] b] vfO;s] sf] 5 . b'lgofFsf] / fhgLlts Oltxf;df sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x? a'h'{jf kf6L{x?l;t u7aGwg u/ ] / pFef] nfu] sf] Oltxf; e] l6Gg . pbfx/ 0fsf nflu ;g\ !($& k5fl8 kfls: tfgdf df] xDdb cln lhGgfsf] kf6L{ kl5 nfUg] zlQmzfnL kf6L{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ lyof] . ha ToxfFsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ kfls: tfg lkk'N; kf6L{l;t r'gfjL tfnd] n / u7aGwg u/ ] / cufl8 a9\g yfNof] To;kl5 sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ;dfKt} eof] . ;Lldt JolQmx?n] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] / Iff ug{ vf] h] t/ w] / } sl7g eO/ x] sf] 5 . ;Hhfb hflx/ sf] g] t[Tjdf Tolt 7"nf] Tofu / tk: ofsf] hudf v8f ePsf] Tolt zlQmzfnL kf6L{ 9Ng a] / nfu] g . O08f] g] lzofsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ljZjsf] t] ;|f] 7"nf] / zlQmzfnL kf6L{ lyof] . ;f] kf6L{ klg ;'sfgf] { g] t[Tjsf] kf6L{l;tsf] u7aGwgsf sf/ 0f ljrf/ df e'Q] x'Fb} uPsf] lyof] .

To; l;nl;nfdf ;g\ !(^% df ePsf] sDo'lgi6 ;+xf/ sf] cfkm\g} s?0ffbfoL Joyf 5 . ef/ tdf efskf -dfS;{jfbL_ efskfnufotn] ef/ tLo / fli6«o sf+u|] ; cflbl;t ldn] / t] ;|f] df] rf{sf] u7g u/ ] . jfdkGyLx?sf] df] rf{nfO{ s] xL kmfObf ePsf] 5} g . klZrd a+ufn, lqk'/ f / s] / naf6 jfdkGyLx? sl/ j sl/ j ;fkm x'g] qmddf / x] sf] b] lvG5 . g] kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngsf lgldQ klg Oltxf;sf oL dggof] Uo kf7x? x'g\ . g] kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngsf] d"nwf/ sf g] tfx?

Oltxf;af6 kf7 l;Sg h?/ L 5 . ;} 4flGts, / fhgLlts / j} rfl/ s ?kdf g] kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngsf] d"nwf/ df uDeL/ 9+un] d"No lj36g ePsf] b] lvG5 . slxn] sfxL+ t nfU5 ls ca ltgLx?df dfS;{jfbL n] lggjfbL rl/ qsf] Pp6f w;f] { klg afFsL / x] sf] 5} g . t/ g] kfnsf] jfdkGyL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngsf] lzlj/ leq nfdf] Tofu tk: of ePsf, nfdf] ;do h] n / oftgf ef] u] sf, nfesf] kbdf ga;] sf / sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngsf] ljifodf lrGtf ug] { 7"nf] hgdt 5 . Tof] hgdt kf6L{leq} klg pk] lIft, zf] lift / pTkLl8t ePsf] kfOG5 . o: tf] hgdt xhf/ f} +sf] ;+Vofdf 5 . of] hgdt tn} k/ ] sf] 5 . of] hgdtn] ;+;b / ;/ sf/ df Go"gtd sDo'lgi6 rl/ q, cfbz{ / d"Nox?sf] cfzf / fVb5 t/ g] t[Tjaf6 Tof] kfpFb} g . t} klg h] h: tf] ePtf klg jfd cfGbf] ngdf ntfl/ Ps} b] lvG5 . lalu|of} + eGg] dx;'; klg eO/ x] sf] 5 . of] sf] 0faf6 x] bf{ ;k|] s} eP klg a'h'{jf kf6L{x? eGbf cem} lau|] s} eP klg jfdkGyL lzlj/ sf kf6L{x? Ps 7fpFdf pleo"g\ eGg] ck] Iff / fVb5 . g] kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngleq 7"nf–7"nf uNtLx? ePsf 5g\ . tL uNtLx? l;4fGt / fhgLlt / bz{gdf dfq cfwfl/ t ePsf 5} gg\ . zlQm ;+3if{ / h'+ufsf] n8fO“df klg cfwfl/ t ePsf b] lvG5g\ . uNtLx? w] / } uDeL/ k|s[ltsf klg 5g\ . ca jfdkGyL sDo'lgi6 kIfw/ g] tfx? ;a} n] uDeL/ eP/ cfTd;dLIff tyf Oltxf;sf] s7f] / d"Nof+sg ub} { kf7 l;Sb} / ;lRrb} cufl8sf] af6f] to ug'{ h?/ L 5 . km] l/ klg b] zsf] / fhgLlt k'/ fg} sf] if{af6 cufl8 a9\g] xf] eg] d'n'sn] ;sf/ fTds ;+qmd0fsf] dfu{ ;dfpg d'l: sn b] lvG5 . sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ng gfd dfqsf] x'g] 5 sfdsf] x'g] 5} g . hgtfn] km] l/ klg ;fdfGo ;'wf/ sf] cg'e"lt;Dd ug{ kfpg] 5} gg\ . efjL kfFr jif{sf] / fhgLlt klg ;+s6 / cl: y/ tfaf6 u'h|g] vt/ f 5 .

s;n] s] eg] < ca aGg] u7aGwgs} ;/ sf/ xf] . u7aGwgn] g} g] t[Tj ug{] xf] . s;n] g] t[Tj ug{] eGg] ljifodf u7aGwg bnx¿sf] a} 7s a;] / 6'Ëf] nufpF5 .

– hgfb{g zdf{ -cy{dGqL_ of] k6s hgtfn] ax'dt s;} nfO{ klg lbg rfx] gg\ . ;fdfGo hgfb] z dfq} lbP . lsgeg] ltdL bnx¿ ldn] / cl3 a9, Pscsf{nfO{ lgif] w ug{] 9+un] cufl8 ga9 x} eg] .

– ;'jf;rGb| g] Djfª -g] skf Pdfn] sf pkfWoIf_ tdfd k|lqmof k"/ f gu/ L dxfgu/ kflnsfn] ;'s'Daf;Lsf] 5fk|fdfly 8f] h/ s'bfpg] h'g k|of; ePsf] 5, of] unt sfo{ xf] . ;+ljwfgsf] efjgfljk/ Ltsf] sfd xf] .

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– gjLg dfgGw/ -sf7df8f} + dxfgu/ sf k|jQmf_ k"jf{wf/ ag] kl5 hfg xfdLnfO{ cfklQ 5} g t/ clxn] r'gfjsf] df} sf 5f] k] / xtf/ f] lsg < v'nf cfsfzd'lg a;] / sfd ug{ ;lsGg . zflGt ;'/ Iff, afnaRrfsf] k9fO / : jf: Yo pkrf/ sf] klg k|Zg 5, 3f] qm] 7\ofs nufP/ hfpm eGb} df hf“b} gf} + .

– dbg uf} td -g] kfn lghfdtL sd{rf/ L o'lgog n'lDagL k|b] z cWoIf_

cfuf] tfKg' d'9fsf] lgs} k'/ fgf] pvfg xf] . ;don] of] pvfg lanfO lbP h: t} 5 . tyflk o;sf] cy{ cfh klg sfd nfUbf] 5 . tfkqmd k'UgnfO{ t lwklwk] cfufsf] sfd} 5} g . To;sf nflu d'9f] rflxG5 . k"/ } Hjfnf lgsfNgnfO{ d'9fx?nfO{ 7f] : g'k5{ -/ u8g'k5{_ . oxLleq x] u] n / dfS;{sf] åGåjfb e] l6G5 . ckzf] r g] kfndf x] u] n / dfS;{ hGd] sf 5} gg\ ls hGdg kfPgg\ ls < w] / } k/ g hfcf} + . ;+: s[t efiffsf] ljsf; x'“b} hf“bf– …jfb] jfb] hfot] tTj af] wÚ Pp6f o'ufGtsf/ L ;"q aGof] . cyf{t s'g} klg ljrf/ / sfdsf] ;f/ tTj 5nkmnaf6} plAhG5 . d} n] k9\g] hdfgfdf klg ljBfyL{x?nfO{ jfb ljjfb ug{ l;sfOGYof] , cGtfIf/ L v] nfOGYof] . Toxf“ klg k|lt: kwf{ x'GYof] . Tof] Ps k|sf/ n] åGåjfbs} cEof; lyof] . t/ Toxf“ lhTgsf] nflu grflxbf] xf] 8jfhL x'GgYof] . h;/ L klg lhTg] zq'tfk"0f{ k|lt: kwf{sf] sNkgf g} x'“b} gYof] . b'a} kIf nfeflGjt x'Gy] . o;} nfO{ d} n] / rgfTds k|lt: kwf{df hf] 8\g vf] h] sf] xf] . ha xfdLn] of] k|lt: kwf{nfO{ ljleGg cfly{s k'/ : sf/ lt/ hf] 8\of} + . To;kl5 v] nsf] lgod klg tf] 8\b} uof} + . 3f“6L ;] g] { k|lt: kwf{ z'? u¥of} + . cl: t 3f] / fxL uf] bfj/ L af] l8{ª : s"nn] cfly{s k'/ : sf/ g/ fv] sf] b] Vbf dnfO{ v'zL nfUof] . of] grflxbf] xf] 8jfhLnfO{ cfpg lbg} x'Gg . oxL : j: y lgod klxn] klxn] v] nf8Lx?df b] lvGYof] . cfhef] ln Toxf“ klg cfly{s k|nf] egn] cg] s ltu8djfhL, xf] xNnf, df/ lk6 / uf] nL rn] sf;Ddsf va/ cfOk'U5g\ . kSs} hLjg vlr{nf] ag] sf] 5 . ljgf wg So} geg h: tf] eO;s] sf] 5 . t/ o;sf] Gofof] lrt Joj: yfkg ug} { g;lsg] klg t x} g . lbgk|ltlbg / fhgLlts If] qdf klg o: t} lx+;|s åGåjfb a9\b} uPsf] 5 . cfd lgjf{rg?df o: tf] / 0fd} bfg ef] Ub} / b] Vb} cfOof] . åGåjfbsf] Pp6f lgod 5– Pstf / ;+3if{sf] lgod . oxL lgod / fhgLltdf nfu' ug{ ;lsG5 . nf] su0ftGq cfPkl5sf] of] t] ;|f] k6ssf] r'gfj xf] . casf] zf;g;Qfsf] nufd log} ;f+;bx?sf] xftdf / xg] xf] .

xfdL ljsf;sf] gfddf emg kl5 emg k/ d'vL aGb} uO/ x] 5f} + . slxn] ;b\a'l4 knfpnf < v] ndf lht xf/ kl5 b'a} kIf unf ldnfp“5g\ c+sdfn u5{g\ . lgjf{rgdf ho k/ fhokl5 Psn] csf{nfO{ awfO lbg] , xft ldnfpg] ;+: sf/ klg b] lvG5 . Pstf / ;+3if{sf] åGåjfbL lgod klg ToxL xf] . uNtLaf6 l;Sg] k/ Dk/ f klg 5 . klZrd] nLx? To;} n] cfh pGgt cj: yfdf 5g\ . xfd|f] oxf“ klg / ] vf zdf{n] o;kfln r'gfj lhlt;s] kl5 k/ flht z+s/ kf] v|] ns} 3/ df uP/ z'esfdgf lnP/ lzi6frf/ lgefPsf] va/ ;'Gbf dnfO{ a8f] v'zL nfUof] . d} qLk"0f{ åGåjfbsf] of] Pp6f pTs[i6 gd"gf xf] .

u gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{ PSn} s'g} bnn] ;/ sf/ rnfpg] l: ylt b] lvPg . h'g u7aGwgn] ax'dt k'¥ofp“5 p;} sf] afu8f] / rNnf . sDo'lgi6 gfdwf/ L zlQm 6'6km'6 / ljefhgdf k/ ] sf] n] clxn] To;sf] ;Defjgf sd 5 . km'6] sf] l;;f hf] l8g] ;Defjgf sd} dfgf} + . d] / f] JolQmut ljrf/ / cg'ejdf h'g lbg em08} b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtsf] ;/ sf/ 9Nof] To;} lbg d} n] cfkm\gf] 8fo/ Lsf kfgfdf n] v] +– g] kfndf sDo'lgi6x?sf] eljio 9Nof] . g] skfsf] ljefhgkl5 of] r'gfjn] Tof] s'/ f k'li6 u¥of] . ca d'n's stf < g] kfnsf] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL ;dfj] zL rl/ qsf] ePsf] n] Pp6} bnsf] ax'dtLo ;/ sf/ sf] Go"g ;Defjgf x'G5 eg] / ;a} n] a'em\b} cfPsf] s'/ f xf] . o;kflnsf] glthfn] klg ToxL b] vfO;s] sf] 5 . PSn} ax'dt b] vfpg sl: ;Psf] g] skf Pdfn] n] klg ;xof] uL vf] Hb} u/ ] sf] 5n{ª\u eO;s] sf] 5 . ljlrq t s] eg] u7aGwg u/ ] / lgjf{rgdf xf] ldPsf] csf] { zlQmnfO{ klg ax'dt k'¥ofpg cfR5' cfR5' k/ ] sf] cj: yf : ki6 eO;s] sf] 5 . casf] ;/ sf/ ;xdlt, ;xsfo{, ;femf, ldlnh'nL h] eg] klg ;+o'Qm ;/ sf/ aGg] ;Defjgf alnof] 5 . o;k|lt ;sf/ fTds ;f] r g/ fv] / c;Gt'li6, cfqmf] z hGdfP/ c/ fhs l: ylt l;h{gf ug] { < of ;a} ldn] / ;+ljwfgdf x] / km] / ug] { < cyjf ldlnh'nL ug] { . ;+ljwfgsf] l: kl/ 6 t ;dfj] lztf g} xf] . ljb] zLx?sf] rf;f] clxn] zlQms] Gb|x?sf cf“vf ;+;f/ el/ km} lnPsf 5g\ . logLx? cfkm\gf] jr{: j

;j{q : yflkt ug{ cxf] / fq nfluk/ ] sf 5g\ . logsf lrnsf cf“vf g] kfndf klg 3'ld/ x] 5g\ . r'gfj cufj} rLgn] cfkm\gf pRr: t/ Lo dGqL dfkm{t g] kfnsf] Ps kmGsf] dfl/ ;Sof] . ef/ tLo / fhb"tn] lgjf{rgsf] xfjf a'lem;s] kl5 cfkm\gf] e"ldsf b] vfpg k|wfgdGqL z] / axfb'/ b] pjf / k|r08nfO{ e] l6;s] . cGo ljljw r] gnaf6 p;n] cfkm\gf] v] n z'? ul/ ;Sof] . To;} u/ L cd] l/ sf / o'/ f] lkog o'lgognufotsf] cle?lr : ki6} 5 . C0f cg'bfg / cfkm\gf] o'jf hgzlQmnfO{ aflx/ k7fP/ cfPsf] k} ;fn] rNg] ;/ sf/ sf] gLlt c8fg s: tf] / xnf < w] / } t cfkm} cg'dfg ul/ xfNg'x'G5 . åGåfTdstf zfZjt ;To 5 . of] ;j{q nfu' x'G5 . ;'b"/ klZrdsf] t/ fO{ kmf“6df hgd'lQm kf6L{sf] pbo, lrtjg / sf7df8f} +af6 ;Ns] sf] : jtGq kf6L{sf] ah] sf] 306L, k"jL{ t/ fO{ -dw] z k|b] zsf] _ l;s] / fptsf] / f“sf] / fh] Gb| lnªb] gsf] pN6f] z+v km'sfOn] cfxt g] kfnL sf+u|] ; g] skf Pdfn] / g] skf dfcf] jfbL lgs} v'lDrg k'u] . logL k"/ } xlNnP t/ 9n] sf 5} gg\ . ;Qf logs} jl/ kl/ l/ ª\g] b] lvG5 . ;Defjgf k'/ fg} u7aGwglt/ a9L cfd'v 5 . r'gfjL c+s ul0ft To: t} 5 . o: tf] b] lvP klg cl: y/ tf, csd{0otf / cfz+sf aLr ;/ sf/ s;/ L rN5 Tof] x] g{ af“sL 5 . eljio pgLx?s} xftdf 5 . n] Vg] afgL cem} 5'6\g ;s] g . ha n] Vg yfN5' t'?Gt} cfkm"n] 6] s] sf] w/ tL ;DemG5' . hLjg uf] / ] 6f] / 3f] / ] 6f] Pj+

w"nf] af6 z'? ePsf] emnemnL ;Demgf x'G5 . : s"n, c: ktfn, oftfoft / ;~rf/ n] z"Go Tof] ;do / clxn] sf] t'ngf ubf{ lemlnldln / lt/ Lld/ L kfg] { o'udf k|j] z ul/ ;s] h: tf] nfU5 . t/ dfG5] sf] t[i0ffn] eg] ca t ljt[i0ff kf] hufpg nfUof] . cf6f] , l98f] , ;fu, l;: gf] , bfneft, t/ sf/ L / b'w bxL dxL l3psf] o'uaf6 l8Aaf aGb ljb] zL dfndf cfs06 8'la;Sof} + . l;+sL, hg} , cfn', d'nf, km"ndfnf ;d] t ljb] zaf6 cfO/ x] 5 . xfdL ljsf;sf] gfddf emg kl5 emg k/ d'vL aGb} uO/ x] 5f} + . slxn] ;b\a'l4 knfpnf < v] ndf lht xf/ kl5 b'a} kIf unf ldnfp“5g\ c+sdfn u5{g\ . lgjf{rgdf ho k/ fhokl5 Psn] csf{nfO{ awfO lbg] , xft ldnfpg] ;+: sf/ klg b] lvG5 .

Pstf / ;+3if{sf] åGåjfbL lgod klg ToxL xf] . / fdfo0f / dxfef/ tsf syfx?df klg o: t} åGåsf] j0f{g 5 . s} s] oL cfkm\gf] 5f] / f e/ tnfO{ / fHo lbnfpg j/ bfgsf] 5n u/ ] / / fhf bz/ ynfO{ bafa lblG5g\ . / fhf bz/ y >LdtLsf] bafadf em'S5g\ . / fd cf1f lz/ f] k/ u/ ] / jgjf; nfU5g\ . otf e/ t d / fHo lnGg egL / fdsf kl5 jgjf;tkm{ bu'{5g\ . / fd / e/ tsf] h: tf] pRr g} ltstf / cfbz{sf] h'usf] hdfgf cfh sxf“ kfpg' < cfh s} s] oLsf] lgod nfu' x'g] h'u 5 . klZrdsf] d] sfj] nLsf] l;4fGt h: t} . t/ uNtLaf6 l;Sg] k/ Dk/ f klg 5 . klZrd] nLx? To;} n] cfh pGgt cj: yfdf 5g\ . xfd|f] oxf“ klg / ] vf zdf{n] o;kfln r'gfj lhlt;s] kl5 k/ flht z+s/ kf] v|] ns} 3/ df uP/ z'esfdgf lnP/ lzi6frf/ lgefPsf] va/ ;'Gbf dnfO{ a8f] v'zL nfUof] . d} qLk"0f{ åGåjfbsf] of] Pp6f pTs[i6 gd"gf xf] . g] kfnsf] jt{dfg ;+ljwfg k|hftGqjfbL / ;fDojfbLaLrsf] ;femf ;xdltdf ag] sf] () k|ltzt ax'dtn] kfl/ t u/ ] sf] ;+ljwfg xf] . of] Tolt ckl/ jt{gLo klg 5} g . o;nfO{ ;femf efjgfn] ljsf; ub} { n} hfg] jf g6'+lug] emu8fdf aNemfO / fVg] ;f+;bx?s} xftdf . o;df ;f+;bx?nfO{ hgtfn] klg cf} nf 7f8f] / flv / fVg'k5{ .

bnLo zf;g Joj:yf / :jtGq pDd]bjf/ jt{dfg o'u nf] stflGqs o'u xf] . nf] stGqfTds / fi6«sf] ;fj{ef} d;Qf hgtfdf lgxLt x'G5 . ;fj{ef} d;Qfsf] k|Tofe"lt b] zsf] d"n sfg'g ;+ljwfgdfkm{t ul/ Psf] x'G5 . b] zsf] zf;g Joj:yf ;~rfngdf hgtf ;lqmo ;xefuL x'G5g\ . ;fj{ef} dzlQmsf dflns hgtfsf] cledtlagf / fi6«sf] zf;g ;~rfng x'g ;Sb} g . ;fj{ef} d;Qf;DkGg hgtfn] lgjf{rgsf] dfWodaf6 5gf] 6 u/ ] sf hgk|ltlglwåf/ f ;+;bdf cfk\mgf] ;fj{ef} d clwsf/ k|of] u ub{5g\ . hglgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿n] Joj:yflksfdf hgtfsf] cledt JoQm ub} { ljwfosL clwsf/ k|of] u u/ ] / gof“ sfg'g lgdf{0f ug] { . k|rngdf cfPsf P] g sfg'gnfO{ ;do;fk] If hgfb] zsf] dd{ dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub} { ;+zf] wg ug] { . ;/ sf/ u7g u/ ] / sfo{kflnsfsf] sfo{sfl/ 0fL clwsf/ dlGqkl/ ifbdfkm{t ;Dkfbg ug] { h:tf d"ne"t sfo{x¿ ub{5g\ . bnLo zf;g Joj:yfdf / fhgLlts bnsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf / xG5 . ;dfg / fhgLlts ljrf/ wf/ f, bz{g / sfo{qmddf k|lta4 JolQmx¿n] k|rlnt P] g sfg'gsf] kl/ lwleq / x] / / fhgLlts bn u7g ub{5g\ . cfkm\gf] / fhgLlts bnsf] ljrf/ wf/ f, bz{g / sfo{qmdk|lt hg;fwf/ 0fsf] ;dy{g / ;xof] u k|fKt ug{sf] nflu k|rf/ k|;f/ nufotsf ;dy{g h'6fpg] sfo{ ug{ kfpg] sfg'gL Joj:yf 5 . k|rlnt P] g sfg'g adf] lhd u7g ul/ Psf] / fhgLlts bnn] lglb{i6 sfg'gL sfo{ljlw k"/ f u/ L lgjf{rg cfof] udf bn btf{ u/ fpg'kb{5 . bn btf{ ubf{ / fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfg / 3f] if0ffkqsf cltl/ Qm ;+3Lo sfg'g adf] lhdsf cGo sfuhft ;dfj] z ug{'kg] { x'G5 . / fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfg / lgodfjnL nf] stflGqs x'g'k5{ . k|To] s kf“r jif{df pQm bnleqsf ;+3Lo, k|b] z, :yfgLo ;a} txsf kbflwsf/ Lx¿sf] lgjf{rg ug] { Joj:yf ljwfgdf x'g'kb{5 . bnsf] sfo{;ldltdf g] kfnsf] ljljwtfnfO{ k|ltljlDat ug] { u/ L ;dfj] zL k|ltlglwTjsf] l;4fGt cg'¿k 5gf] 6 ug{'kb{5 . nf] stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf ePsf b] zx¿sf] / fhgLlts bnsf] k|s[lt cWoog ubf{ PsbnLo, b'O{bnLo / ax'bnLo zf;g k4lt cjnDag u/ ] sf] kfOG5 . bnLo zf;g k4ltsf] d] ?b08 eg] sf] cfjlws lgjf{rg xf] . cfjlws lgjf{rgsf] dfWodaf6 / fhgLlts bnx¿n] cfkm\gf] bnsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd;lxtsf] k|lta4tfkq hg;dIf k|:t't ub{5g\ . ;f] xL k|ltj4tfkqdf pNn] lvt ljifoj:t'df ;xdlt hgfpg] dtbftfn] cfk"mn] / f] h] sf] / fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwnfO{

cfkm\gf] cd"No dtbfg dfkm{t cfkm\gf] ;fj{ef} dzlQm k|of] u ug] { clwsf/ lbG5g\ . ;fj{ef} d;Qf;DkGg hgtfn] lgjf{lrt u/ ] / k7fPsf hgk|ltlglwx¿n] cfkm\gf dtbftfn] k|bfg u/ ] sf] cledtnfO{ ;+;bdf k|:t't ubf{ ;+;bn] ;+;bLo ;jf] {Rrtfsf] ¿kdf u|x0f ub{5 . Joj:yflksfn] sfg'g lgdf{0f ubf{ jf ;/ sf/ u7g ubf{ ;fj{ef} d;Qf;DkGg hgtfsf] cledtnfO{ lz/ f] wfo{ ub} { b] z / hgtfsf] lxtdf k|of] u ug{] nf] stflGqs zf;g Joj:yfsf] klxnf] ljz] iftf xf] . / fhgLlts bnn] hgtfsf] cledt cfkm\gf] kIfdf k|fKt ug{ / fHo ;~rfng ug] { cfwf/ ;lxt b] zsf] ef} uf] lns cj:yf cg';f/ ef} lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{qmd k|:t't ug{'kg] { x'G5 . / fi6«sf] zf;g ;~rfngsf] lhDd] jf/ L lng] hgk|ltlglw b] zsf] ef} uf] lns cj:yf, s"6gLlts ;DaGw, o'4gLlt, ldq/ fi6«;“usf] lgs6tf, / fhgLlt ;x–cl:tTj, ljb] z gLlt, hgdtsf] ;Ddfg / z} lgs ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu of] Uo tyf bIf x'g'kb{5 . Joj:yflksfdf / x] sf k|ltkIf bnx¿;“u d} qLefj / fVb} b] z / hgtfsf] kIfdf ;xsfo{ ug{ u/ fpg ;Sg] Ifdtfjfg hgk|ltlglwnfO{ g] t[Tj ug] { cj;/ lbg' o'lQm;ut x'G5 . ;du|df eGg'kbf{ d'n'ssf] zf;g ;~rfng ug] { snf eg] sf] zlQmsf] ;b'kof] u, s'zntfk"j{s ax;, lg0f{ofTds sf/ jfxL, zlQmzfnL ;] gf, a9L zlQm cfh{g, cGt/ f{li6«o zlQm ;Gt'ng, of] Uo dGqL lgo'lQm, s"6gLlts snfsf} zn / l;+x h:tf] 8/ nfUbf] :ofn h:tf] rnfsLk"0f{ sfo{ ug] { x'g'kb{5 . lg/ +s'z k~rfotL zf;g Joj:yfsf] cGTo ub} { cfPsf] g] kfn clw/ fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& ljZjsf pTs[i6 bzj6f ;+ljwfgsf] ;"rLleq kb{5 elgPsf] lyof] . pQm ;+ljwfg cg'¿k u/ fOPsf] cfd lgjf{rg, @)$* df b] ze/ ^% bzdnj !% k|ltzt hgtfn] dfq cfkm\gf] cd"No dtbfg u/ ] sf lyP . o;} u/ L @)%! ;fnsf] dWofjlw lgjf{rg / @)%^ ;fnsf] cfd lgjf{rgdf klg ^^ k|ltzt eGbf sd hgtfn] dtbfg u/ ] sf] lgjf{rg cfof] usf] clen] vaf6 k'li6 x'G5 . d'n'sdf 7"nf] / fhgLlts kl/ jt{g ug] { pb\3f] if ub} { @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut] tTsfnLg g] skf dfcf] jfbLn] hgo'4sf] 3f] if0ff u¥of] . bz jif{df ;q xhf/ g] kfnL gful/ sn] cgfxsdf Hofg u'dfpg' k¥of] . ad laikmf] 6g / aGb'ssf] uf] nLn] hgtfsf] dg} af6 hg;dy{g h'6fpg ;Sb} g .

To;}n] ;fj{ef} dzlQmsf dflns hgtfsf] xTof ug] { xf] Og dfg;Ddfgk"j{s af“Rg kfpg'kb{5 eGg] d"No dfGotfdf ;xdlt hgfp“b} @)^# ;fn dfu{ % ut] tTsfnLg

g] kfn ;/ sf/ / g] skf dfcf] jfbLaLr zflGt ;Demf} tfkqdf x:tfIf/ eof] . km:j¿k g] kfn clw/ fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& nfO{ vf/ ] h u/ L @)^# df3 ! ut] cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg hf/ L ul/ of] . g] kfnsf] cGtl/ d ;+ljwfgn] lgb] {z u/ ] d'tfljs g] kfnsf] gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ @)^$ r} t @*ut] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg eof] . gof“ ;+ljwfg agfpg] sfo{df / fhgLlts bnx¿aLr c;xdlt a9\b} uof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;dofjlwleq ;+ljwfg aGg ;s] g . ;fj{ef} dzlQmsf dflns g] kfnL hgtfsf] / fhgLlts bnx¿k|ltsf] ljZjf; qmdzM 39\b} uof] . bf] ;|f] k6ssf] lgjf{rgaf6 ul7t ;+ljwfg;efn] @)&@ c;f] h # ut] b] lv nfu' x'g] u/ L g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfg hf/ L u¥of] . pQm ;+ljwfg adf] lhdsf] klxnf] cfd lgjf{rg @)&$ df ^* bzdnj ^^ k|ltzt dtbfg eof] . lgjf{rg cfof] usf] k|f/ lDes tYof+s cg';f/ dª\l;/ $ ut] ;DkGg cfd lgjf{rgdf klg ^! k|ltzt dtbfg ePsf] kfOof] . of] tYof+sn] klg / fhgLlts bnk|lt ;fj{ef} d;Qf;DkGg hgtfsf] ljt[i0ff a9\b} uPsf] k'li6 x'G5 . ef} uf] lns b[li6sf] 0fn] g] kfn h:tf] ;fgf] b] zdf Ps;o eGbf a9L / fhgLlts bn lqmofzLn x'g' ;fGble{s xf] Og . cfkm\g} kf6L{leq #^ ;] &$ / ] ;d"xsf] cfGtl/ s snx ;dfwfg ug{ g;s] / @)%! ;fndf g] kfnL sf+u|] ;n] dWofjlw lgjf{rg 3f] if0ff u/ ] sf] Oltxf; ;fIfL 5 . g] skf Pdfn] leq b'O{ zLif{ g] tfaLrsf] kbLo bDesf] Ouf] n] ubf{ kf6L{ ljefhg x'gk'Uof] . kl/ 0ffdtM @)&( dª\l;/ $ ut] ;DkGg lgjf{rgkZrft ;fgf] cfsf/ df v'lDrg' k/ ] sf] ;j{ljlbt} 5 . o;/ L / fhgLlts bnsf ultljlwaf6 g] kfnL hgtfsf] ljZjf; qmlds¿kdf 36\b} uPsf] n] :jtGq pDd] bjf/ p7\g] qmd a9\b} uPsf] b] lvG5 . @)&( j} zfv #) ut] ;DkGg :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgb] lv :jtGq pDd] bjf/ sf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsf] 5 . sf7df8f} + dxfgu/ kflnsf, w/ fg pdgkf, wgu9L pdgkf h:tf 7"nf :yfgdf :jtGq pDd] bjf/ ljhoL eP . o;af6 / fhgLlts bnsf] e"ldsfdfly k|ZglrGx v8f x'g' :jfefljs} xf] . o;} tYonfO{ dgg ub} { ev{/ } ;DkGg k|ltlglw;ef / k|b] z;efsf] lgjf{rgdf klg :jtGq pDd] bjf/ sf] ;+Vof lgs} a9] sf] kfOof] . :jtGq pDd] bjf/ sf] ;+Vof a9\b} hfg'sf] sf/ 0f s] xf] < k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rgdf kf“r hgf :jtGq pDd] bjf/ ljhoL ePsf 5g\ . kf“r dlxgf cufl8 dfq lgjf{rg cfof] udf btf{ ePsf] / fli6«o :jtGq kf6L{af6 k|ToIftkm{ ;fthgf / ;dfg'kflts tkm{ b] zs} rf} yf] 7"nf] bnsf] ¿kdf klxrfg lbg ;kmn

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ePsf] 5 . o'jf k':tfsf] / fhgLltdf ;xeflutf pNn] Vo dfqfdf kfOof] . 8fS6/ , Ol~hlgo/ nufotsf ljz] if1 hgzlQm ;d] t lgjf{rgdf :jtGq pDd] bjf/ sf] ¿kdf xf] ldPsf] b] Vbf hgdfg;df sf} t'xntfsf] ljifo aGg k'u] sf] 5 . ;'vsf] d"n wd{ xf] , wd{sf] d"n cy{ xf] , cy{sf] d"n / fHo xf] , / fHosf] d"n ;fj{ef} d;Qf;DkGg hgtf xf] . o:tf] kljq d"No dfGotfnfO{ / fhgLlts bnx¿n] r6Ss} la;] {/ / fli6«o :jfy{ eGbf JolQmut :jfy{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] b] lvG5 . Pp6} JolQm k|To] s k6ssf] cfd lgjf{rgdf ljhoL x'g' kg] { dxTjfsf+Iff a9] sf] 5 . ;w} +e/ L Pp6} JolQm lgjf{rg n8\bf g] t[Tj k':tfGt/ 0f ug] { k4ltsf] ljsf; slxn] x'g] xf] < kf6L{leqsf] gof“ k':tfn] g] t[Tj lng] cj;/ slxn] kfpg] xf] < o;/ L g] t[Tj lg/ +s'z aGg k'U5 . hgtf ;do ;fk] If kl/ jt{g b] Vg rfxG5g\ . / fhgLlts bnsf g] tfx¿ u'6 pku'6ut / fhgLltnfO{ k|f] T;fxg lbb} kbLo nf] n'ktfdf r'n'{Dd 8'a] sf] b] Vbf hgtf lg/ fz ePsf 5g\ . 7] Ssfk§fnufotsf cfly{s :jfy{df / fhgLlt1sf] ;xeflutfn] cfly{s clgoldttf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . gftfjfb, s[kfjfbsf] ;+:s[ltn] / fhgLltdf ljs[lt lj;+ult ylkb} 5 . / fhgLlts lgo'lQmdf bnLo efua08f ug] { unt k|a[lQ df} nfp“b} uPsf] 5 . SofDk; k|d'vb] lv ljZjljBfnosf kbflwsf/ L, ;+j} wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/ Lx¿sf] lgo'lQm bnut efua08fsf] cfwf/ df ubf{ k|fl1s If] q w/ fzfoL aGb} uPsf] 5 . ;Qf:jfy{sf] nflu bnut u7aGwg k|a[lQ xfjL eO/ x] sf] 5 . o'jf k':tf / fhgLlts bnsf ultljlwaf6 cfkm\gf] eljio cGwsf/ b] v] kl5 !@ sIff kf; u/ ] / ljb] lzg] ;+Vof lbgfg'lbg a9\b} uPsf] cGt/ f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] tYof+sn] k'li6 ub{5 . / fhgLlts bnk|ltsf] ljt[i0ffn] ubf{ :yfgLo txb] lv k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg;Dd :jtGq pDd] bjf/ sf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsf] xf] eGbf cTo'lQm gxf] nf .

-n] vs g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf ;] jflga[Q pk;lrj x'g'x'G5 ._

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@)&( ;fn d+l;/ !% ut] laxLjf/

(Dec. 1, 2022)

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/ z+s/ gu/ jgafl6sfdf tf/ f d08n : yfkgfsf] sfd klg cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . kqsf/ ;Dd] ngdf / f] 6/ L Snj ckm a'6jnsf] a'waf/ x'g] @( cf} + rf6{8{ gfO6sf af/ ] df klg hfgsf/ L u/ fOPsf] lyof] . ko{6g Joj;foL s0f{ zfSosf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf x'g] rf6{8{ gfO6sf] tof/ L k"/ f ePsf] / f] 6/ L Snj ckm a'6jnn] hfgsf/ L u/ fPsf] 5 . sfo{qmdaf/ ] hfgsf/ L lb+b} cWoIf lkofn] rf6{8{ gfO6sf cj;/ df ljleGg kbs, k'/ : sf/ / 5fqj[lQ ljt/ 0fsf] sfo{qmd klg / flvPsf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmds} cj;/ df ;~rf/ sdL{x? dWo] af6 PshgfnfO{ kqsfl/ tf k'/ : sf/ , kqsf/ cWoog/ t ljBfyL{nfO{ k|bfg ul/ g] kqsfl/ tf 5fqa[lQ, g/ ] Gb|t] h b[li6laxLg ljBfyL{ cIfosf] if, b|JorGb| b[li6laxLg cIfosf] if, ;kgf cIfosf] if, j[hgog 6«: 6nufotsf cIfosf] ifaf6 ljleGg ljBfyL{nfO{ k'/ : s[t ul/ g] ePsf] 5 . ljleGg ;fdflhs sfo{qmddf ;lqmo / x“b} cfPsf] / f] 6/ L Snj ckm a'6jnn] lautdf ljBfnodf cfly{s ;xof] ub] lv lnP/ : jf: Yo, lzIff, ko{6g k"jf{wf/ , v] ns"bnufot ljleGg ;fdflhs If] qdf nufgL ub} { cfPsf] Snjsf ;lrj nfnxl/ kf08] n] atfpg' eof] .

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x'g'x'G5 . hflu/ sf] l;nl;nfdf sf: sLsf] kf] v/ fdf / xg'ePsf pxf“n] b] jfnLdf 3/ cfpgs} nflu bz} + / ltxf/ df cGo ;fyLx?nfO{ kfnf] lbg'eof] / clxn] labf ldnfP/ 3/ cfOk'Ug'ePsf] 5 . …cGo sd{rf/ Ln] em} + ;'/ Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/ Lx?n] x/ ] s rf8kj{df labf kfp“b} gg\ .

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#)) lkm6 ulx/fOaf6 af]l/ª ul/Psf] kfgL, z'4 kfgL lkpg, lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{, ljjfx a|taGw, 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf] nflu cfjZos k/]df 6\of+s/af6 ;:tf] d"Nodf pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf 5 .

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df6f] sf 6fnf eg] / Jo+Uo u/ ] sf lyP . zx/ leqsf d'Vo ahf/ If] qdf lxnf] / w'nf] n] ;f: tL Joxf] / ] sf u'gf;f lyP . ut jif{ 7] Ssf lnPsf] 7] sbf/ n] sfd gu/ ] sf sf/ 0f Ps} jif{df b'O{k6s ;8sdf afn'jf xfn] sf] lyof] . o;k6s eg] ;dod} sfd u/ ] / ahf/ df / f} gs lbPsf] 5 . ;8s / f] s] / pb|] sf ;8sdf wdfwd sfnf] kq] x'“b} 5g\ . bfdf] b/ rf] stkm{ w'nf] a9fg] { qmddf lbp“;} ahf/ aGb ePsf] lyof] . zlgaf/ jf ljbfsf] lbgdf u/ ] emg / fd|f] x'GYof] eg] klg rsf] { lj/ f] w u/ ] sf lyPgg\ . j;kfs{b] lv a} +s/ f] 8 x'“b} u0f] z dlGb/ / ;fOdlGb/ sf] af6f] 6flng] lt?kft] lgdf{0f ;] jfsf ;~rfns k|jL0f e08f/ Ln] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ s] xL lbgleq} sfd ;Sg] of] hgf 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ rsf] { cfnf] rgf ePsf ;8s 6fNg] pkdxfgu/ sf] of] hgf / x] sf] hgfPsf] 5 . 3f] / fxL lu7] kfgL ;8snufot w] / } 7fp“df s] xL lbg leq} 6fNg] sfd ;lsg] l;l8O kf} 8] nn] hfgsf/ L lbb} cfjZos ;xof] u ug{ cfu|x ug'{eof] .

t'= cfjZostf

6\ofª\s/af6 kfgL

t'n;Lk'/ jL/]Gb|rf]sl:yt rfn' cj:yfdf /x]sf] Knfli6s efF8f k;n laqmLdf /x]sf]n] OR5's JolQmn] t'= ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf . gf]6 M sf]/faf/ ug{] JolQm;Fu gub gePdf hUufdf klg sf/f]af/ ul/g] 5 . ;Dks{ g+=M

vgfnn] eGg'eof] – …of] sf7sf] k'/ fgf] kf] n x6fOlbP x'GYof] . tf/ u'h'lN6Psf 5g\ . 6fnf] xfn] / c8\ofOPsf] 5 .Ú pxf“n] ;a} sfd g;s] klg hlt Eofpg ;lsG5, of] hgfdf 5 Tolt ul/ lbg cfu|x ug'{eof] . pgLx?sf] k|ltlqmofkl5 l;l8O{ kf} 8] nn] clxn] lkrsf] sfd dfq} k/ ] sf] hfgsf/ L u/ fpg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ : jLs[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ af6f] sfnf] kq] ul/ G5 . 3/ / k;n cufl8sf] gfnfsf] Kjfn vf] Ng] / kfOk xfNg] Joj: yf ldnfpg : yfgLonfO{ cfu|x ug'{eof] .

Tolt ;xof] u u/ ] kl5 af“sL sfd pkdxfgu/ n] u5{ . ;a} sf 3/ sf] kfgL gfnfdf aU5 . jf/ sf] kf/ sfnf] kq] ul/ G5 / ;8s ;'Gb/ aG5 . o; k6s 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ kflnsfn] jiff{tdf klg zx/leqsf pb|] sf af6fx?df afn'jf xfn] sf] lyof] . 7"nf–7"nf 9'+uf xfn] kl5 bz} glhs} cfnf] rgf v] Kof] . c6f] kN6fpg] , df] 6/ ;fOsn u'8fpg} glbg] tL 7"nf 9'+uf 6] S6/ nu] / p7fPsf] lyof] . ;8sdf lu§L xfn] / k;nsf ;f] s] ; km'6fNg] vt/ f lgDTofPsf] Joj;foLsf] u'gf;f] lyof] . sfnf] kq] ;8sdf

uf]/vfsf ljBfyL{nfO{ cled'vLs/0f

wf}n' kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb|

cfhsf] /fzLkmn

ldy'g -sf,sL,s",3,ª,5,s] ,sf],x_M wd{ sd{ / cfWoflTds hfu?stf x'g ;Sg]5 . ss{6 -xL,x",x] ,xf] ,8f,8L,8",8] ,8f] _M zf/Ll/s ;d:of Pj+ k|ltlIft glthf sdhf]/ . l;+x -df,dL,d",d],df],6f,6L,6",6] _M wg, 1fg / cfgGb k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 . sGof -6f],k,kL,k",if,0f,7,k],kf] _M

kfnf] lbP“Ú– pxf“ eGg'x'G5– …dfG5] x? ljb] zaf6 b] jfnLs} nflu 3/ cfp“5g\ . Joj;fo ug] {x?n] klg of] b'O{ lbg k;n aGb u/ ] / h'6\5g\ . b] zd} hflu/ vfP/ klg cfpg ;lsPg eg] t b'Mvsf] s'/ f kf] x'G5 t .Ú x/ ] s # jif{sf] km/ sdf dfu{ z'Sn ;KtdL / ci6dLdf of] s'nk"hf -b] jfnL_ x'g] ub{5 . ;KtdLsf] lbg laxfgb] lv / flt;Dd b] 3/ df hfu|fd ug] { ci6dLsf] lbg dlGb/ k'u] / af] sfsf] aln lbg] / gjdLsf] lbg nfUg] e08f/ fdf ;a} bfh'efO{ hDdf eO{ labfjf/ L ePkl5 b] jfnL ;lsg] u5{ . t'n;Lk'/ sf $, %, ^, & tyf lhNnfsf cGo : yfg / slknj: t'af6 ;d] t u/ L tLg ;o @! e08f/ L kl/ jf/ b] jfnLsf nflu u0f] zk'/ df h'6\g] a/ fx If] q ;+/ If0f s] Gb|sf ;lrj afdb] j e08f/ L atfpg'x'G5 . pxf“ eGg'x'G5– …b] jfnL ug] { kl/ jf/ g} tLg ;oa9L 5 . &% a9L wfdL tyf k'hf/ fx? 5g\ . sl/ a cf7 ;o af] sfsf] aln r9\5 eg] !) xhf/ a9L eQmhgx?n] cjnf] sg ug{ ;Sg] u/ L tof/ L u/ ] sf 5f} + .Ú u0f] k'/ afx] s klg wg~ho uf] qLo e08f/ Lsf] 3f] / fxLsf] nIdLk'/ / l;;xlgofdf klg b] jfnL x'“b} 5 .

cfGbf]ngdf ;+u7gx?sf] P]Soa4tf

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3f]/fxL–!% lbklzvf /f]8 gfkL sfof{no cufl8, bfª

t'= sd{rf/L cfjZostf 3f]/fxL, bfª -3f]/fxLsf] t'n;Lk'/rf]s dx/f k]6«f]n kDkaf6 leqhfg] uNnLdf_

sd{rf/L t'?Gt cfjZostf M Lab Assistant -dlxnf ! hgf_

afhf rflxPdf=====Û

z'4 kfgL rflxPdf

ljjfx, kfl6{sf] nflu kGr] afhf rflxPdf

lkpg] / 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu 7"nf] 6\of+s/ ePsf], #)) lkm6 ulx/fOaf6 af]l/ª ul/Psf] z'4 lkpg] kfgL pknAw 5 . ;Dks{ : yfgM )*@–%^##(#, (*!***%(&# 3f]/fxL–* -gofF a;kfs{b]lv klZrd_ bfª

t'n;Lk'/–%, bfª -lkknaf]6 psfnf]g]/_ ;Dks{ g+= (*!)((*$^*, (*@@*^*(*@

e08f/L jf6/ ;Knfo;{

k'hf 6]n;{

g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotfk|fKt ax'k|ltli7t sDkgLsf] gofF zfvfsf nflu !@ hgf dlxnf tyf !# hgf k'?ifsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] x'gfn] OR5's JolQmn] t'?Gt ;Dks{ ug{'xf]nf . of]UotfM SEE, +2, Bachlor jf ;f] ;/x pd]/M !& b]lv @& jif{;Dd tnaM tflnd cjlwe/ M !),))).– ;Dd tflnd cjlwkl5 M @%,))).– eGbf dfly gf]6M v kmd{ z'Ns nfUg] 5}g . v cg'ej gePsfnfO{ klg cj;/ lbOg]5 . v 6f9faf6 cfpg]x?sf nflu vfg a:gsf] Joj:yf . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu ALFA BETA INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION

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o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf sf7df8f} +, !$ d+l;/ . k|ltlglw;ef / k|b] z;ef ;b: o lgjf{rgsf] dt kl/ 0ffd cfpg] qmd clGtd r/ 0fdf 5. lgjf{rg kl/ 0ffd;“u} gof“ ;/ sf/ u7g / ;+;b\ ;~rfngsf] rrf{ z'? ePsf] 5 . lgjf{rg cfof] usf cg';f/ xfn;Dd k|ltlglw;efsf] k|ToIftkm{sf] Ps ;o ^% dWo] Ps ;o ^! : yfgsf] glthf cfO;s] sf] 5. k|fKt dtkl/ 0ffdcg';f/ k|ltlglw;efsf] k|ToIftkm{ g] kfnL sf+u|] ;n] %$ : yfgdf hLt xfl;n u/ L Ps : yfgdf cu|tf sfod u/ ] sf] 5 . o: t} g] skf -Pdfn] _ n] $$, g] skf -dfcf] jfbL s] Gb|_ n] !&, g] skf -PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL_ n] !), hgtf ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ g] kfn, / fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{ / / fli6«o : jtGq kf6L{n] ;ft÷;ft : yfgdf hLt xfl;n u/ ] sf 5g\ . lgjf{rgdf nf] stflGqs ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ g] kfn rf/ , gful/ s pGd'lQm kf6L{ tLg, / fli6«o hgdf] rf{, g] kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{ / hgdt kf6L{n] Ps÷Ps : yfg tyf : jtGq kf“rhgfn] k|ToIftkm{ hLt xfl;n u/ ] sf 5g\ . o;} u/ L k|ltlglw;efsf] ;dfg'kfltstkm{ a'waf/ lbp“;f] ;Dd Ps s/ f] 8 $@ xhf/ kf“r ;o !$ ;b/ dtdWo] Pdfn] n] @& nfv gf} ;o rf/ , sf+u|] ;n] @% nfv %( xhf/ $@, dfcf] jfbL s] Gb|n] !! nfv $% xhf/ tLg ;o (!, / fli6«o : jtGq kf6L{n] !) nfv (* xhf/ 5 ;o $&, / fk|kfn] kf“r nfv &! xhf/ Ps ;o ^(, h;kfn] tLg nfv (^ xhf/ cf7 ;o #(, hgdt kf6L{n] tLg nfv ^) xhf/ 5 ;o ^( / PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLn] b'O{ nfv *@ xhf/ cf7 ;o *( dt k|fKt u/ ] sf 5g\ . ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf] tNnf] ;bg k|ltlglw;efdf Ps ;o ^% ;f+;b k|ToIf / Ps ;o !) ;f+;b\ ;dfg'kflts k|0ffnLaf6 lgjf{lrt x'g] ;+j} wflgs Joj: yf 5 . k|ltlglw;ef b'O{ ;o &% ;b: oLo x'g] 5 eg] ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf] dflyNnf] ;bg / fli6«o;ef %( ;b: oLo x'g] ;+ljwfgdf pNn] v 5 . lgjf{rg cfof] un] o;cl3 oxL d+l;/ @@ ut] ;Dd lgjf{rgsf] clGtd dtkl/ 0ffd cfO;Sg]

;jf{lws===== xf] . cfof] hs 6fOu/ Snjsf cWoIf lbg] z u'?ªsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf lbj+ut dLgaxfb'/ s] ;Lsf a'jf r] taxfb'/ s] ;L, wd{kTgL

/ To;sf] ;Dk"0f{ ljj/ 0f / fi6«kltnfO{ a'emfpg] ;do lgwf{/ 0f u/ ] sf] lyof] . afh'/ f, : ofª\hf / bf] nvfdf lgjf{rg Pj+ dtu0fgfdf ePsf] l9nfOn] clGtd dtkl/ 0ffd lgwf{l/ t ;dod} cfpg] df cfz+sf 5 . lgjf{rgsf] dtkl/ 0ffd clGtd r/ 0fdf k'Ub} ubf{ bnx¿n] gof“ ;/ sf/ u7gsf nflu k|of; yfn] sf 5g\ eg] ;+3Lo ;+;b\ ;lrjfnon] klg gof“ ;+;b\ ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos tof/ L yfn] sf] 5 . o;} aLr, k|wfgdGqL Pj+ sf+u|] ;sf ;efklt z] / axfb'/ b] pjf, dfcf] jfbL s] Gb|sf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ú / PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLsf cWoIf dfwjs'df/ g] kfnn] e] 6 u/ L kf“rbnLo ;Qf u7aGwgs} gof“ ;/ sf/ agfpg] ;DaGwdf cfk;L 5nkmn z'? ug'{ePsf] 5 . s] 5 gof“ ;/ sf/ u7gsf] ;+j} wflgs Joj: yf g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/ f &^ df / fi6«kltn] k|ltlglw;efdf ax'dt k|fKt ;+;bLo bnsf] g] tfnfO{ k|wfgdGqLdf lgo'Qm ug{] / lghsf] cWoIftfdf dlGqkl/ ifb\ sf] u7g x'g] k|fjwfg 5 . k|ltlglw;efsf k|ToIf Ps ;o ^% / ;dfg'kflts Ps ;o !) l;6sf] xfn;Ddsf] dtkl/ 0ffd x] bf{ s'g} klg bnsf] ax'dt gcfpg] : ki6 5 . k|ltlglw;efsf] s"n b'O{ ;o &% l;6dWo] ax'dt k'¥ofpg Ps ;o #* l;6 Nofpg'k5{ . ;f] xL wf/ fsf] pkwf/ f -@_ df s'g} klg bnsf] : ki6 ax'dt g/ x] sf] cj: yfdf k|ltlglw;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug{] b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L bnsf] ;dy{gdf ax'dt k|fKt ug{;Sg] k|ltlglw;efsf ;b: onfO{ / fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLdf lgo'Qm ug{] Joj: yf 5 .

To: t} pkwf/ f -#_ df k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/ 0ffd 3f] if0ff ePsf] ldltn] #) lbgleq pkwf/ f -@_ adf] lhd k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm x'g;Sg] cj: yf gePdf jf To;/ L lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/ f -$_ adf] lhd ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ g;s] df / fi6«kltn] k|ltlglw;efdf ;a} eGbf a9L ;b: o ePsf] bnsf] ;+;bLo bnsf] g] tfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL

lgo'Qm ug] { Joj: yf 5 . pkwf/ f -$_ df pkwf/ f -@_ jf -#_ adf] lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] To;/ L lgo'Qm ePsf] ldltn] #) lbgleq k|ltlglw;efaf6 ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{'kg] {5 . pkwf/ f -%_ df pkwf/ f -#_ adf] lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/ f -$_ adf] lhd ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ g;s] df pkwf/ f -@_ adf] lhdsf] s'g} ;b: on] k|ltlglw;efdf ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{;Sg] cfwf/ k|: t't u/ ] df / fi6«kltn] To: tf] ;b: onfO{ k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug] { Joj: yf 5 . pkwf/ f -^_ df pkwf/ f -%_ adf] lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/ f -$_ adf] lhd ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{'kg] {5 . To: t} pkwf/ f -&_ df pkwf/ f -%_ adf] lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ g;s] df jf k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm x'g g;s] df k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/ ;df / fi6«kltn] k|ltlglw;ef lj36g u/ L 5 dlxgfleq csf] { k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg x'g] u/ L lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf] Sg] ;+ljwfgsf] Joj: yf 5 . pkwf/ f -*_ df ;+ljwfgadf] lhd ePsf] k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/ 0ffd 3f] if0ff ePsf] jf k|wfgdGqLsf] kb l/ Qm ePsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm;DaGwL k|lqmof ;DkGg ug{'kg] { k|fjwfg 5. gof“ ;+;b\ ;~rfngsf] tof/ L ;+ljwfgsf] (# df / fi6«kltn] k|ltlglw;efsf nflu lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/ 0ffd 3f] if0ff ePsf] ldltn] #) lbgleq ;+3Lo ;+;b\ sf] clwj] zg cfx\jfg ug] { Joj: yf 5 . lgjf{rgsf] clGtd dtkl/ 0ffd k|fKt x'g] ;do glhlsP;“u} ;+3Lo ;+;b\ ;lrjfnon] ;+;b\ a} 7s ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos tof/ L k|f/ De u/ ] sf] 5 . k|ltlglw;ef lgjf{rgsf] clGtd dtkl/ 0ffd cfP;“u} bnx¿n] gof“ ;/ sf/ u7gsf] kxn ug] { / gof“ ;/ sf/ u7gkl5 pQm ;/ sf/ n] ;+;b\ a} 7ssf] clwj] zg cfx\jfg ug] {5 . ;+;b\ a} 7s a: g' cufj} k|ltlglw;efsf gjlgjf{lrt ;f+;bdWo] Ho] i7 ;f+;bn] / fi6«kltaf6 zky lng'x'g] ;+;b\ ;lrjfnosf

dxf;lrj 8f= e/ t/ fh uf} tdn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] .

Ho] i7 ;b: on] cGo ;b: onfO{ zky u/ fPkl5 ;+;b\ a} 7s k|f/ De x'g] 5 . lgjf{rgkl5sf] klxnf] ;+;b\ a} 7snfO{ / fi6«kltn] ;Daf] wg ug'{x'g] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/ f (% sf] pkwf/ f -@_ df / fli6«kltn] k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rgkl5sf] klxnf] clwj] zg / k|To] s jif{sf] klxnf] clwj] zg k|f/ De ePkl5 ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf] b'a} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm a} 7snfO{ ;Daf] wg ug] { pNn] v 5 . k|ltlglw;efsf] klxnf] a} 7s k|f/ De ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq k|ltlglw;efsf ;b: on] cfkm"dWo] af6 ;efd'v / pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg ug'{kg] {5 . ;efd'v / pk;efd'vdWo] Pshgf dlxnf x'g] u/ L lgjf{rg ug'{kg] { tyf ;efd'v / pk;efd'v km/ s bnaf6 k|ltlglwTj x'g'kg] { ;+j} wflgs Joj: yf 5 . cGt/ f{li6«o ;Dd] ng s] Gb|d} ;+;b\ a} 7s o;cl3 l;+xb/ af/ kl/ ;/ df lgdf{0ffwLg ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf] gof“ ejgdf gof“ ;+;b\ a} 7s a: g] elgP klg lgwf{l/ t ;dod} lgdf{0f ;DkGg gx'“bf casf] ;+;b\ a} 7s xfnsf] gof“ afg] Zj/ l: yt cGt/ f{li6«o ;Dd] ng s] Gb|df g} a: g] 5 . pQm gof“ ejg ;DkGg x'g cem} s] xL jif{ nfUg] b] lvPsf] 5 . k|ltlglw;efsf] o; lgjf{rgaf6 bnx¿ / : jtGq ;f+;bsf] ;+Vof a9\g] b] lvPkl5 To;sf] Joj: yfkgsf] tof/ Ldf ;lrjfno h'6] sf] 5 . ylkg] bnx¿ / ;f+;bsf nflu l;+xb/ af/ kl/ ;/ d} ;+;bLo bnsf] sfof{no, g] tf / ;r] tssf] sfo{sIf / a} 7ssIf, ;jf/ L ;fwg / sd{rf/ Lnufot cfjZos Joj: yfkgsf] tof/ L yfln;lsPsf] ;lrjfnosf k|jQmf 8f= / f] hgfy kf08] n] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof] – … lgjf{rgaf6 cfpg] bn / ;f+;bsf nflu ;+;bLo bnsf] sfof{nonufot Joj: yfkg ug'{kg] { eof] , l;+xb/ af/ leq pko'Qm : yfgdf sfof{no pknAw u/ fpg] u/ L tof/ L yfn] sf 5f} + .Ú @)&$ ;fnsf] k|ltlglw;ef lgjf{rgdf kf“rj6f / fli6«o bn ag] sf lyP eg] Pdfn] af6 ljefhg ePsf] PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLnfO{ klg ;lrjfnon] bnsf] sfof{no pknAw u/ fPsf] lyof] . o;afx] s b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L ;f+;b ePsf bnnfO{ ;lrjfnon] ;+;bLo bnsf] sfof{no, g] tf / ;r] tssf] sfo{sIf, a} 7s sIf pknAw u/ fpg'kg] {5 . o; lgjf{rgaf6 k|ltlglw;efdf !@ bnsf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] 5 eg] kf“r : jtGq ;f+;b lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ .

5lj s] ;L, bfª lhNnf km"6an ;+3sf lgjt{dfg cWoIf ;'zLn >] i7nufotsf] ;xeflutf lyof] . k|ltof] lutfsf] pb\3f6g v] ndf o'jf ;~hfn t'n;Lk'/ –# n] ljhoL z'?jft

u/ ] sf] 5 . cfof] hs 6fOu/ o'jf Sna bdf/ ufp“ aL nfO{ ! sf lj?4 # uf] n cGt/ n] k/ flht ub{} o'jf ;~hfnn] ljhoL z'?jft u/ ] sf] k|ltof] lutfsf ;+of] hs ;'/ jL/

u'?ªn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . k|ltof] lutfcGtu{t laxLjf/ tLg v] n x'g] 5g\ . Ps ;ftf;Dd rNg] k|ltof] lutfsf] ljh] tf l6dn] gub Ps nfv #) xhf/ ?k} of“, sk, d] 8n tyf k|df0fkq kfpg] 5 .

jl/i7 dlxnf tyf k|;"tL /f]u ljz]if1 cleif]s d]l8sn :6f];{ 3f]/fxLdf oxL d+l;/ !& ut] cfp“b}=== e]/L c:ktfn g]kfnu~hdf sfo{/t jl/i7 dlxnf tyf k|;"tL /f]u ljz]if1 8f= glag a'9fyf]sLåf/f r]shfFr ul/g] x'Fbf ;dodf gfd btf{ u/fO{ cfkm\gf] k'/fgf]eGbf k'/fgf] /f]ux?sf] ;kmn pkrf/ u/fpg'xf];\ .

8fS6/åf/f lbOg] ;] jfx? M !_ ;] tf] kfgL aUg] , tNnf] k] 6 b'Vg] , lk;fa kf] Ng] . @_ of}gf+udf vl6/f cfpg] , lrnfpg] , kLk cfpg] . #_ dlxgfjf/L u8a8L, dlxgfjf/L /f] lsPsf] , :qL of}g /f]ux? . $_ ue{ g/xg] , ue{ t'lxg] , lgM;Gtfgkg tyf afFemf] kg . %_ kf7]3/sf] SofG;/sf] hfFr . ^_ cfª v:g], kf7]3/sf] ;a}vfn] ;d:of tyf :qL ;DaGwL ;a} /f]ux?sf] pkrf/ . la/fdL hf“r x'g] ldlt M @)&( d+l;/ !& ut] zlgjf/ laxfg !! b]lv ;fFem $M#) ah];Dd . ;fy} @)&( d+l;/ @$ ut] jl/i7 dfgl;s tyf g;f /f]u ljz]if1 8f= ljgf]b kf}8]nåf/f r]shf“r ul/g]5 . k'gZr M ;h{g 8f= /flhj 9sfn åf/f zNolqmof ;DalGwt ;a} /f]ux?sf] / sG;N6]G6 lkmlhl;ogåf/f d]l8l;g ;DalGwt ;a} /f]ux?sf] b}lgs hfFr ul/G5 . ;dod} ;Dks{ u/L cfkm\gf] k'/fgf]eGbf klg k'/fgf] /f]usf] ;kmn pkrf/ u/fpg'xf];\ .

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/fKtL, !$ d+l;/ -o';_– /fKtL ufp“kflnsfdf ;Eo ;dfhsf] klxrfgM n}l+ us lx+;flj?4sf] cleofg eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy n}l+ us lx+;f lj?4sf] !^ lbg] cleofgsf cj;/df laleGg sfo{qmd ul/Psf] 5 . /fKtL ufp“kflnsfsf] cfof]hgf tyf e[s6' L dlxnf ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf /fKtL–# d;'l/of tyf nIdL dlxnf ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf lkk/Lsf] ;xsfo{ / Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no efn'afªsf] ;dGjodf cGt/lqmofTds sfo{qmd ul/Psf] 5. ufp“kflnsfsf pkfWoIf sdnfklt rf}w/Lsf] cWoIftf Pj+ /fKtL ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf k|sfz lai6sf] k|dv ' cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf af]Nb} ufp“kflnsf cWoIf k|sfz lai6n] n}l+ us lx+;f cGTosf nflu kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhdf ;r]tgf km}nfpg h?/L /x]sf]

atfpg'eof] . kfl/jfl/s lx+;fsf] d'Vo sf/s dlb/f ;]jg klg /x]sf]n] o;sf] lgoGq0fsf nflu :jo+ dlxnfx¿ Psh'6 / ;r]t /xg'kg{] pxf“sf] egfO lyof] . sfo{qmddf pkfWoIf sdnfklt rf}w/Ln] ;dfhdf ;r]tgf km}nfpg cfu|x ub{} lzIff / ;r]tgfaf6 o;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] . sfo{qmddf lzIff zfvf k|dv ' ljZjf; las, df]l6e];gn l:ks/ /fhg clwsf/L, e[s6' L dlxnf ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yfsL cWoIf lxdfnL Gof}kfg], kqsf/ dx]z l/hfnnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf k|sfz lai6n] n}lus lx+;f lj?4 ;r]tgf hufpg cfkm"n] kfpg] d+l;/ dlxgfsf] ;]jf ;'ljwfaf6 k|lt;xsf/L kG„ xhf/sf b/n] tL; xhf/ /sdsf] r]s ;d]t x:tfGt/0f ug{e ' Psf] lyof] .

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Aoj;foLnfO{ k;n aGb ug]{ sfo{n] b'Mv lbPsf] e'; \ fnn] atfpg'eof] . t'n;Lk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf dxf;lrj ljlgn s];Ln] eg] Aoj;foLsf] xslxtsf nflu k;n aGb ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] . …lxhf] c?sf] aGb sfo{qmddf Aoj;foLn] k;n aGb u/]/ ;xof]u u/]s} xf]Ú– dxf;lrj s];Ln] eGg'eof]– …cfh xfdLn] xfd|f] clwsf/sf nflu k;n aGb u/]sf] o;n] s;}nfO{ dsf{ k/]sf] 5}g .Ú dxf]T;j cfof]hs o'Y; ckm t'n;Lk'/sf ;+of]hs c?0f nx/]n] dxf]T;j :ylut gx'g] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . …dxf]T;jsf] ;a} tof/L k"/f ePsf] cj:yfdf xfdLn] dxf]T;j :ylut ug{ ;Sb}gf}Ú+ – dxf]T;j ;+of]hs nx/]n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . dxf]T;j cfof]hs o'Y; ckm t'n;Lk'/n] t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dfkm{t\ dxf]T;j ;~rfng ug]{ :jLs[t k|fKt u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . dxf]T;j ;~rfng k|fKt u/]sf] ;+:yfn] s'g} klg xfntdf dxf]T;j :ylut ug{ g;lsg] hgfPsf] 5 .

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