२०८० साल मंसिर १३ गते बुधवार

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(Naya Yugbodh National Daily Nov. 29, 2023)

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7"nf Aofkf/ Ln] ;: tf] dx ahf/ df k7fP/ u'0f: t/ Lo dxsf] ahf/ 5} gÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …ef/ tLo gSsnL dxsf sf/ 0f ;SsnL g] kfnL dx las] sf] 5} g .Ú ho wf} n' jL sG;g{sf ;~rfns dbgs'df/ Gof} kfg] sf] ut jif{ b'O{ ;o 3f/ df} / L lyP . of] jif{ Ps ;o dfq} 5 . nfut d"Nodf klg dx glaSbf df} / L Joj;foL ;d: ofdf k/ ] sf] pxf“ atfpg'x'G5 . …nfut d"Nod} p7fOlbp“ eGbf klg n} hfg dfg] sf 5} gg\ . xfd|f] nfut g} gp7\g] u/ L dfu u5{g\Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …Ps lsnf] dx pTkfbg ug{ ;f9] tLg ;ob] lv rf/ ;o k5{ . Joj;foLn] b'O{ ;odf dx dfU5g\ . o;/ L t Joj;fo g} gu/ ] eOxfNof]

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lg .Ú g] kfn df} / Lkfns dxf;+3 bfªsf pkfWoIf;d] t / xg'ePsf Gof} kfg] n] dxaf/ ] unt xNnf km} nfO“bf pkef] Qmf 7luPsf] atfpg'x'G5 . …dxsf] u'0f eg] s} hDg] u'0f xf] . ahf/ df kfOg] kt~hln eGg] dx klg hDb} g . ;a} sf] : jfb ;w} Pp6} x'G5 . oxf“ tf] / Lsf] , hfd'gsf] , lrp/ Lsf] : jfb g} km/ s x'G5 . t/ To;sf] vf] hL oxf“ x'“b} gÚ– pxf“ eGg'x'G5, …s] ldsnsf] dxsf] ;w} Pp6} : jfb agfP/ km\n] a/ sf] e/ df dx eg] / a] lrPsf] 5 To;sf] ;f] wvf] h 5} g .Ú gSsnL dxn] ;SsnL cf] em] ndf ef/ tLo gSsnL dx ahf/ df cfpg' / bfªdf u'0f: t/ Lo dx pTkfbg x'“b} g eGg] xNnfsf sf/ 0f lhNnfdf Ps ;o 6g eGbf a9L dx glas] / ylGsPsf] g] kfn df} / Lkfns dxf;+3 bfªn] hgfPsf] 5 . of] jif{ pTkfbg x'g] dx hDdf ePkl5 : 6s emg a9\b} hfg] 5 . ahf/ df ljb] zL dxsf]

Psflwsf/ / g] kfnL : yfgLo dxsf] unt k|rf/ sf sf/ 0f dxsf] ahf/ Ls/ 0fdf ;d: of cfPsf] xf] . g] kfn df} / Lkfns dxf;+3 bfªsf cWoIf lji0f' >] i7n] em08} Ps ;o 6g eGbf w] / } ut jif{s} dx laqmL gePsf] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . dxf;+3n] lbPsf] hfgsf/ L cg';f/ !)÷@) 3f/ df} / L kfNg] n] ufp“3/ d} vkt ug{ ;s] klg Ps ;o a9L 3f/ df} / L kfNg] x?sf] eg] ;a} sf] ut jif{s} dx : 6s / x] sf] 5 . bfªdf em08} kf“r ;o df} / Lkfns Joj;foL 5g\ . ef/ tLo gSsnL dxn] ;SsnL dxsf] ahf/ vfPsf] g] kfn df} / Lkfns dxf;+3 bfªsf pkfWoIf dbgs'df/ Gof} kfg] atfpg'x'G5 . of] jif{ em08} ;f9] rf/ ;o 6g dx pTkfbg x'g] Joj;foLsf] cf“sng 5 . ut jif{ pTkfbg ePsf] em08} kf“r ;o 6gdf Ps ;o 6g eGbf a9L dx uf] bfdd} 5 .

…k/ f/ ;Dd lsnf] sf] %÷^ ;o xf] n;] ndf ljs] sf] dx ut jif{ laSb} las] g . o; jif{ klg k|ltlsnf] b'O{ ;odf lbg';\ eGb} 5g\ Jofkf/ L . o;/ L t o; jif{ klg laqmL x'g] cj: yf b] lvGgÚ– pkfWoIf Gof} kfg] n] eGg'eof] – …ut jif{ em08} @% k|ltzt Joj;foL knfog eP o; jif{ klg ljs] g eg] ;a} knfog x'g] cj: yf x'G5 .Ú dxf;+3sf cg';f/ ahf/ df lrp/ Lsf] ;ft ;o / tf] / Lsf] k|lt lsnf] kf“r ;odf a] lr/ x] sf] dx laqmL gePkl5 clxn] v'b|f tf] / Lsf] rf/ ;o lrp/ Lsf] kf“r ;odf a] Rg yflnPsf] 5 . Joj;foLn] pTkfbg nfut g} tf] / Lsf] em08} tLg ;o / lrp/ Lsf] rf/ ;o k|ltlsnf] kg] { / Jofkf/ Ln] b'O{ ;odf dfu] sf] n] lbg g;s] sf] atfPsf 5g\ . @) xhf/ a9L 3f/ lhNnfdf @) xhf/ a9L 3f/ df} / L 5g\ . To;af6 sl/ a rf/ ;o d] l6«s 6g dx pTkfbg x'G5 . g] kfn df} / Lkfns dxf;+3 bfªsf cg';f/ lhNnfdf cf7 ;o d] l6«s 6g vkt x'G5 t/ : yfgLo pTkfbg glas] / uf] bfddf ylGsPsf] 5 . bfªsf] ;a} eGbf a9L df} / Lkfng 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ kflnsfleq x'G5 . hxf“ kf“r xhf/ 3f/ 5g\ . To;kl5 t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfdf tLg xhf/ b'O{ ;o, aaO{df Ps xhf/ , zflGtgu/ df b'O{ xhf/ cf7 ;o, b+uLz/ 0fdf Ps xhf/ b'O{ ;o d] lnkm] / f hftsf] o'/ f] k] nL df} / L / a+unfr'nLdf : yfgLo ;] / fgf hftsf] tLg xhf/ b'O{ ;o 3f/ df} / L 5g\ . b] pv'/ Lsf] / fKtL / ndxLdf l56km"6 / cGo kflnsfdf guGo dfqfdf df} / Lsf Joj;foL / x] sf] ;/ sf/ L tYof+s 5 . bfªdf dxsf] k|zf] wgsf nflu t'n;Lk'/ df Ps ;o !) d] l6«s 6gsf] af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

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cfjZostfdf hf] 8 lbPsf lyP . n'lDagL k|b] zsf ;a} h;f] n'lDagL, !@ d+l;/ . lhNnfsf ljleGg If] qsf g] kfnnfO{ ;w} +sf nflu zflGt cu'jfx?sf] k|ltlglwd"ns If] q 3f] if0ff ug'{kg] { k|: tfj pkl: yltdf ePsf] ;f] uf] i7Ldf kfl/ t ul/ Psf] 5 . hg: t/ af6 tLgj6f k|: tfj kfl/ t ePsf 5g\ . p7] sf] zflGtIf] q 3f] if0ff k|: tfj tL k|: tfjdf a'4sf] hGde"ld n'lDagLdf cfof] lht k|b] z: t/ Lo g] kfnnfO{ ;w+} sf nflu zflGtIf] q ljrf/ uf] i7Ldf ;j{;Ddltn] 3f] if0ff ul/ g'kg] {, ;Dk"0f{ ljZjdf kfl/ t ePsf] xf] . zflGt sfod ug{ nflu a'4 uf} td a'4n] k|ltkfbg bz{g / a'4 lzIffnfO{ ljZjJofkL u/ ] sf l;4fGt s'g} wd{ ljz] ifdf km} nfpg ;+o'Qm / fi6«;+3, ;+o'Qm ;Lldt geP/ bz{g ePsf] df / fi6«;+3Lo z} lIfs, ;fdflhs tyf hf] 8 lbb} af} 4 bz{g / lzIffsf] ;f+: s[lts ;+u7g -o'g] : sf] _ tyf dxTjnfO{ : yflkt u/ fpg ;s] blIf0f PlzofnL / fi6«x?sf] If] qLo ljZjdf : yfoL zflGtsf] hu ;+u7g -;fs{_ dfkm{t cf} krfl/ s a;fNg ;lsg] df ;xefuLx?sf] tyf cgf} krfl/ s ljBfnob] lv hf] 8 lyof] . ljZjljBfno;Dd, x/ ] s 3/ , cfhsf] ljZj ;a} bz{g, kl/ jf/ / ;dfh;Dd cfjZos l;4fGt / dfGotfljk/ Lt lzIff, tflnd / k|rf/ k|;f/ sf] ;z: q åGåb] lv kf/ df0fljs k|j4{g ul/ g'kg] { / n'lDagLnfO{ o'4;Ddsf] vt/ faf6 u'lh|/ x] sf] Ps cGt/ f{li6«o zflGt dWo: ytf cj: yfk|lt lrGtf hfx] / ub} { s] Gb| tyf ljZj zflGt zx/ sf uf] i7Lsf ;xefuLx?n] g] kfnnfO{ ?kdf ljsf; ul/ g'kg] { 5g\ . ;w+} sf nflu zflGt If] q 3f] if0ff uf] i7Ln] @)*) ;fn ug] { jftfj/ 0f agfpg o;nfO{ j} zfv @@ sf lbg a'4 hoGtLsf ;+o'Qm / fi6«;Dd k'¥ofpg'kg] { cj;/ df bfªdf hg: t/ af6

zflGtIf] q 3f] if0ff ul/ Psf] / @)*) ;fpg @& ut] n'lDagL k|b] ztxdf hg: t/ af6 k'gM kfl/ t zflGt If] q 3f] if0ff k|: tfjnfO{ lg/ Gt/ tf lbb} pQm k|: tfj g] kfn ;/ sf/ , ljZjsf ;Dk"0f{ / fi6«x? / ;+o'Qm / fi6«;+3;dIf k] z ug] {u/ L cufl8 a9fpg] lg0f{o u/ ] sf] 5 . a'4sf ljrf/ M g] kfnL df} lns ;dfhjfb k"l0f{df kf/ ] / ;f] daf/ n'lDagLdf n'lDagL ljsf; sf] if;“usf] ;xsfo{df bfª ljkZogf s] Gb|, n'lDagL afª\do k|lti7fgn] cfof] hgf u/ ] sf] ;f] uf] i7Ldf ljsf; sf] ifsf sf] iffWoIf l;l4r/ 0f e§/ fO{n] a'4sf ljrf/ g] kfnsf] df} lns ;dfhjfbsf] ?kdf / x] sf] wf/ 0ff / fVg'eof] . zflGtsf nflu bfaL ug] { ;xL / fi6« g] kfn ePsf] eGb} pxf“n] g] kfnaf6 df} lns cfWoflTds ;dfhjfbsf ?kdf af} 4 bz{gnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;lsg] cfwf/ / x] sf] atfpg'eof] . bfª ljkZogf s] Gb|sf ;+: yfks Pj+ uf] i7Lsf af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

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km';{b gx'“bf kf6L{ lgdf{0fdf Wofg glbbf sdhf] / x'“b} uPsf] u'gf;f] ug'{eof] . pxf“n] csf{nfO{ bf] if lbP/ kf6L{ gaGg] atfpg'eof] . s] Gb|Lo ;b: o Pj+ ;f+;b 8f= rGb| e08f/ Ln] sf+u|] ;df cGt3f{t al9/ x] sf] / o;n] kf6L{nfO{ sdhf] / agfPsf] atfpg'eof] . kf6L{ ;efklt / fds[i0f vf+0fsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf g] kfnL sf+u|] ;sf s] Gb|Lo ;b: ox? bLks lu/ L, cAb'n / Hhfs, e/ ts'df/ zfx, b] j] Gb| l;+x s“8] nnufotn] g] kfnL sf+u|] ;nfO{ alnof] agfpg] u/ L g] t[Tjdf / xg] x?nfO{ sfd ug{ ;'emfj lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

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5g\ . klxnf] cfjlws of] hgf cg';f/ sfd ubf{ n'lDagL k|b] zdf ul/ aL !!=& k|ltztn] 36] sf] b] lvPsf] 5 eg] ;8s k"jf{wf/ tkm{ tLg xhf/ cf7 ;o ## lsnf] ld6/ ;8s lgdf{0f u/ ] sf] 5 . vfg] kfgLsf] ;'ljwf k'u] sf] hg;+Vof (@=@ k|ltzt 5 . ljB't ;] jfsf] kx'“rdf yk !$ k|ltzt lj: tf/ eO{ sl/ a ($ k|ltzt hg;+Vof nfeflGjt ePsf] b] lvPsf] 5 . t/ k|b] zdf dft[ d[To'b/ / zL3| s'kf] if0fsf] cj: yf hl6n b] lvPsf] 5 . ca k|b] zdf b] lvPsf ;d: ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{] u/ L cfjlws of] hgfn] ;Daf] wg ug{] of] hgf cfof] usf pkfWoIf 8f= gxs'n s] ;Ln] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . …kx'“rsf] cfwf/ df x'g] of] hgf 5gf] 6nfO{ / f] s] / To;nfO{ Jojl: yt / j} 1flgs of] hgf

5gf] 6 k|0ffnL cg';f/ cl3 a9\g'kg] {5Ú– pkfWoIf s] ;Ln] eGg'eof] – …tLgj6} ;/ sf/ sf] aLrdf cGt/ ;DaGw h?/ L 5 . : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] of] hgf sfof{Gjog ug{] ePsfn] of] hgf sfof{Gjogdf : yfgLo ;/ sf/ sf] ckgTj clwstd a9fpg] , cg'udg k|0ffnLdf dGqfno / k|b] z;ef ;b: ox?sf] e"ldsf Jojl: yt ug{ ;lsof] eg] k|efjsf/ L x'g] b] lvG5 .Ú cfjlws of] hgfn] k|fyldstfdf / fv] sf ljifo eGbf aflx/ af6 of] hgfx?

5flgg] u/ ] sfn] ;d: of / x] sf] egfO : yfgLo ;/ sf/ sf] 5 . gu/ kflnsf ;+3 n'lDagL k|b] zsf cWoIf lvnWjh kGyLn] n'lDagL k|b] zsf] ;d[l4 h?Ss p7\g] u/ L of] hgf af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

a'6jn, !@ d+l;/ . gSsnL z/ 0ffyL{ k|s/ 0fdf kqmfp k/ L sfg'gL s73/ fdf / xg' ePsf sf+u|] ; g] tf afns[i0f vf“0fn] Gofo kfpg] df cfzfjfbL / x] sf] g] kfnL sf+u|] ;sf ;efklt z] / axfb'/ b] pjfn] ] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . d+unaf/ ?kGb] xLsf] e} / xjfdf g] kfnL sf+u|] ; ?kGb] xLsf] k|yd lhNnf ;Dd] ngnfO{ ;Daf] wg ub{} pxf“n] vf“0fn] Gofo kfpg] df cfkm" cfzfjfbL / x] sf] atfpg'eof] . e} / xjf;d] t kg] { ?kGb] xL If] q g+= # af6 k|ltlglw;efsf nflu

pDd] bjf/ L lbg'ePsf sf+u|] ; g] tf afns[i0f vf“0fnfO{ km;fOPsf] cf/ f] k sfo{stf{x?n] nufPsf lyP . cbfntdf larf/ fwLg / x] sf] sf/ 0f af] Ng gx'g] atfp“b} b] pjfn] t/ klg pxf“n] Gofo kfpg] lhls/ ug'{eof] . e} / xjfl: yt uf} tda'4 cGt/ f{li6«o ljdfg: yn ;~rfngsf nflu kxn ug] { ;d] t pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . ;efklt b] pjfn] ljdfg: yn ;~rfngsf nflu ;/ sf/ / ;/ f] sf/ sf ;a} kIf;“u k/ fdz{ ug] { atfpg'eof] . ;xdxfdGqL lszf] / l;+x / f7f} / n] ?kGb] xLdf sf+u|] ; alnof] zlQm eP klg sfo{stf{x?df s'/ f ;'Gg] ;Ddsf]

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hfh/ sf] 6, !@ d+l;/ . e"sDkn] 3/ df Iflt ePkl5 hfh/ sf] 6df ;a} eGbf a9L ;'Ts] / L, Ho] i7 gful/ s tyf afnaflnsf ;d: ofdf k/ ] sf 5g\ . lqkfnsf] ;xf/ fdf a: g'kbf{ lr;f] sf sf/ 0f pgLx¿nfO{ ljleGgvfnsf : jf: Yo ;d: of b] vfk/ ] sf] 5 . e"sDkkLl8tsf] lr;f] sf sf/ 0f Hofg;d] t uPsf] 5 . e"sDkaf6 7"nf] dfqfdf 3/ af;ljxLg ePsf ;j{;fwf/ 0f df} ;d cg"s'n gx'“bf la/ fdL kg] { u/ ] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . clxn] oxf“sf : jf: Yo ;+: yfdf pkrf/ sf nflu cfpg] la/ fdLsf] eL8 g} nfu] sf] 5 . lhNnf : jf: Yo ;] jf sfof{non] pknAw u/ fPsf] tYof+s cg';f/ e] / L gu/ kflnsfdf $( xhf/ &@ hg;+Vof k|efljt ePsf] lyof] . $@ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] kf“r ;o %% hgf 3fOt] ePsf lyP . kf“r jif{d'lgsf rf/ xhf/ Ps ;o !% afnaflnsf e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ePsf lyP eg] 5 ;o &$ ue{jtL, b'O{ ;o *@ ;'Ts] / L, b'O{ xhf/ cf7 ;o #^ Ho] i7 gful/ s, Ps xhf/ ^% bL3{/ f] uL / rf/ ;o cf7 ckf+utf ePsf JolQm;lxt gf} xhf/ tLg ;o *) hg;+Vof e"sDksf] k|efjaf6 hf] lvddf 5 . : jf: Yo ;+: yf CMYK

cf7j6f k"0f{¿kdf / cf7j6f cf+lzs¿kdf elTsPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . s'z] ufp“kflnsfdf @% xhf/ cf7 ;o !% hg;+Vof k|efljt ePsf] lyof] . ;fthgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] @# hgf 3fOt] ePsf lyP . kf“r jif{d'lgsf b'O{ xhf/ gf} ;o $% afnaflnsf e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ePsf lyP eg] kf“r ;o !% hgf ue{jtL, b'O{ ;o #) ;'Ts] / L, gf} ;o @) Ho] i7 gful/ s, b'O{ ;o && bL3{/ f] uL / ** ckf+utf ePsf JolQm;lxt rf/ xhf/ gf} ;o &% hgf e"sDk k|efljt hf] lvddf / x] sf 5g\ .

kf“rj6f : jf: Yo ;+: yf k"0f{¿kdf / !# j6f cf+lzs¿kdf elTsPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no hfh/ sf] 6sf k|zf;sLo clws[t xl/ zrGb| zdf{sf cg';f/ 5] 8fuf8 gu/ kflnsfdf Ps xhf/ tLg ;o %@ hg;+Vof k|efljt ePsf] lyof] . Pshgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] kf“rhgf 3fOt] ePsf lyP . kf“r jif{d'lgsf tLg ;o &@ afnaflnsf e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ePsf lyP eg] *^ ue{jtL, ^^ ;'Ts] / L, b'O{ ;o rf/ Ho] i7 gful/ s, !% bL3{/ f] uL / gf} ckf+utf ePsf;lxt ;ft ;o $# hg;+Vof e"sDksf]

k|efjaf6 hf] lvddf 5 . cf7j6f : jf: Yo ;+: yf cf+lzs¿kdf elTsPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . gnuf8 gu/ kflnsfdf @( xhf/ b'O{ ;o gf} hg;+Vof k|efljt ePsf] lyof] . %@ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] *^ 3fOt] ePsf lyP . kf“r jif{d'lgsf tLg xhf/ ## afnaflnsf e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ePsf lyP eg] tLg ;o #! ue{jtL, tLg ;o &$ ;'Ts] / L, Ps xhf/ rf/ ;o *# Ho] i7 gful/ s, b'O{ ;o #$ bL3{/ f] uL / b'O{ ;o %) ckfutf ePsf JolQm;lxt tLg xhf/ gf} ;o $$ hgf e"sDksf] k|efjaf6 hf] lvddf 5g\ .

Ps : jf: Yo ;+: yf k"0f{¿kdf / kf“rj6f cf+lzs¿kdf elTsPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . af/ ] sf] 6 ufp“kflnsfdf !( xhf/ 5 ;o &^ hg;+Vof k|efljt ePsf] lyof] eg] !) hgf 3fOt] ePsf lyP . kf“r jif{d'lgsf Ps xhf/ rf/ ;o (( afnaflnsf e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ePsf lyP eg] Ps ;o *! ue{jtL, &% ;'Ts] / L, rf/ ;o #( Ho] i7 gful/ s, b'O{ ;o @# bL3{/ f] uL / $% ckf+utf;lxt b'O{ xhf/ rf/ ;o !& hg;+Vof e"sDksf] k|efjaf6 hf] lvddf 5g\ . k"0f{¿kdf Ps / cf+lzs¿kdf rf/ : jf: Yo ;+: yf elTsPsf 5g\ . e"sDkaf6 af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

oxfF jl/i7 ljz]if1 8fS6/x?åf/f lgDgcg';f/sf] ljz]if1 ;]jf k|bfg eO/x]sf]n] r]shfFr u/fO{ k'/fgf]eGbf k'/fgf] /f]ux?sf] pkrf/ u/fpg'xf];\ .

5fnf tyf of}g /f]u ljz]if1åf/f lbOg] ;]jfx? M skfn emg]{, rfofF, bfb, vl6/f, tfn'kg, bfu, 8l08kmf]/, sfnf] kf]tf], kmf]sf, b'aL, ;f]/fOl;;, PnhL{, d';f, sf]7L, dlxnf tyf k'?ifdf nfUg] wft', le/+uL, ;]S;df sdhf]/Lkg . dfgl;s tyf g;f /f]u ljz]if1åf/f lbOg] ;]jfx? M 6fpsf] b'Vg], lgb|f gnfUg], a]xf]; x'g], 5f/]/f]u, l8k|]zg, tgfj, la;{g] afgL / lbdfu;DaGwL ;a} /f]u, of}g b'a{ntf, hfF8 /S;L nfu"kbfy{ 5'6fpg] tyf g;f;DaGwL ;a} /f]ux? . sG;N6]G6 hg/n ;h{gåf/f lbOg] ;]jfx? M xfO8«f]l;n, xlg{of, Pk]l08S;, kfoN;, df;' knfPsf], :tgsf] ufF7fu'7L, c08sf]if ;'lGgPsf], kTy/L, ck|]zg ;DalGwt ;a} /f]u / ulx/f] 3fpdf 6fFsf nufpg] jf 6fFsf sf6\g] . :qL /f]u ljz]if1åf/f lbOg] ;]jfx? M ;]tf] kfgL aUg], of}gfª\udf vl6/f cfpg], lrnfpg], lkk cfpg], dlxgfjf/L u8a8L, dlxgfjf/L /f]lsPsf], :qL of}g /f]ux?, ue{ g/xg], kf7]3/sf] ;d:of tyf :qL;DaGwL ;a} /f]ux? . sG;N6]G6 lkmhLl;ogåf/f lbOg] ;]jfx? M ;'u/, k|];/, yfO/fO8, 5ftL, d'6', k]6, ;g]{ tyf g;g]{ /f]ux? / d]l8l;g ;DalGwt ;a} /f]ux? . kmf]gaf6 klg gfd btf{ ul/G5 .

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af}4 bz{g / ljZj zflGt /fli6«o Pstf / ;fdflhs ;b\efjnfO{ cIf'00f /fvf}+ g] kfn ljleGg hfthflt, efiffefifL, wd{ / ;d'bfosf hgtf cfk;df ldn] / a;] sf] d'n's xf] . lnR5jLsfnd} Pp6f kl/ jf/ df ljleGg wd{ tyf dtnfO{ ;dy{g ug] {x? ;Fu} a: y] . km/ s wd{, ;+: s[lt, dt / lrGtg ePsf kl/ jf/ sf ;b: ox?sf] Pp6} efG;f x'GYof] . Psn] csf] { wd{, ;+: s[lt / k/ Dk/ fnfO{ ;Ddfg ug] { k/ Dk/ f tyf ;fdflhs ;b\efj g} xfd|f] P] ltxfl;s ;Eotfsf] kl/ ro xf] . cfh klg xfd|f] b] zdf Pp6} nfOgdf dlGb/ , dl: hb, u'?åf/ f, u'Daf tyf rr{x? ;d] t 5g\ . s'g} cd's zlQmn] pS;fPsf] cj: yfdf ePsf ;fdfGo åGåafx] s of] d'n'sdf cfh;Dd wfld{s, / fhgLlts lx+;f e8\s] sf] Oltxf; 5} g . g] kfndf cf–cfkm\gf wd{ cg';f/ rf8kj{x? dgfOG5g\ . Pp6f wd{ dfGg] n] csf] { wd{ dfGg] ;dfhsf] ;b: onfO{ lgdGq0ff ug] { / ef] h v'jfpg] k|rng 5 .

Pp6f hfltn] csf] { hflt;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{ alnof] agfpg k'?ifx?n] ldt nufpg] / dlxnfx?n] ;} gf nufpg] k|rng 5 . of] b] zsf] lgdf{0fdf ;a} efiffefifL, hfthflt tyf wd{ ;d'bfosf hgtfsf] of] ubfg / x] sf] b] lvG5 . Psk6s ljZj xNnfPsf] c+u|] hL ;fd|fHojfbn] blIf0f Pl;ofsf ;a} d'n'sx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] pklgj] zsf] k~hfdf / fv] sf] lyof] . ef/ td} c+u|] hx?n] sl/ a tLg ;o jif{;Dd cf} klgj] lzs zf;g rnfP t/ xfd|f] b] zsf jL/ k'vf{x? c+u|] hL ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 hLjg d/ 0fsf n8fOF n8] / b] zsf] : jtGq cl: tTjnfO{ cIf'00f / fVg ;kmn eP . ljZjsf 7"nf–7"nf b] zx? ;fd|fHojfbsf] u'nfd ePsf] Oltxf; 5 . cfh ljZjsf] dxfzlQm / fi6« cd] l/ sf a] nfotsf] pklgj] zdf lyof] . cfh dxfzlQm / fi6« aGg] bf} 8df / x] sf] ef/ t !% cu: t !($& df : jtGq ePsf] lyof] t/ g] kfn s;} sf] k"0f{?kdf u'nfd ePg . To; sf/ 0f xfdLn] : jtGqtf lbj; dgfpg' kb} {g . of] xfd|f] nflu 7"nf] P] ltxfl;s uf} / jsf] ljifo xf] . cd] l/ sf, ef/ t h: tf cfh zlQmzfnL ePsf ljZjsf w] / } d'n'sx? Oltxf;sf] Pp6f v08df ;fd|fHojfbsf] clwgdf lyP . cd] l/ sf / ef/ t pbfx/ 0f dfq x'g\ . xfd|f] b] zsf] : jtGq cl: tTjnfO{ hf] ufpg xfd|f] b] zsf k'vf{x? c+u|] hL ;fd|fHojfb;Fu lgd{d n8fOF n8] . of] n8fOFdf of] b] zsf] Pp6f cd's hfltn] dfq efu lnPsf] lyPg . of] b] zsf] ljleGg hfthflt, efiff ;+: s[lt / wd{sf hgtf Psh'6 eP/ n8fOF nu] / g} b] zsf] : jtGq cl: tTj hf] ufPsf lyP .

To;df gld7f] s'/ f of] 5 ls g] kfnsf] ;Qf / fhgLlt ef/ bf/ L emu8f, j+z k/ Dk/ f, efO emu8f, 3ftk|lt3ft, xTof, lx+;f tyf / Qmkftsf] Oltxf;af6 u'h|b} cfPsf] b] lvG5 . zf;sju{n] k|bz{g u/ ] sf] o; k|sf/ sf] sdhf] / Lsf] r/ df k;] / z'?df c+u|] h To;kl5 : jtGq ef/ t clg lj: tf/ } cd] l/ sf, o'/ f] lkog zlQmx? v] Ng yfn] sf x'g\ . g] kfnsf zf;sju{n] hgtfnfO{ r';] / ef] u ljnf;sf] hLjg latfP . b] znfO{ ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9fpg] sfd u/ ] gg\ . zlQms] Gb|nfO{ l/ emfP/ zf;g ;Qf hf] ufpg] v] tL ug{ yfn] . To;} sf] b'ikl/ 0ffd cfh d'n'sn] Aoxf] b} {5 . ;fdGtL / fHo;Qfn] g] kfnsf] zf;gdf j+z k/ Dk/ f Pp6f efiff / hfltsf] jr{ZjjfbL ;Qfsf] cEof; eof] . To;sf lj?4df b] zdf : jtGqtf / hgtfsf nflu alnbfgk"0f{ ;xsfo{x? eP . of] kl/ jt{gsf/ L ;+3if{df b] zsf ;a} hfthflt, efiffefifL, wd{, ;+: s[lt, If] q / ln+usf hgtfn] efu lnP . xhf/ f} + ;lxb eP . To;s} kl/ 0ffd d'n'sdf ;dfj] zL, ;dfg'kflts l;4fGtdf cfwfl/ t ;+3Lo nf] stflGqs u0ftGq : yfkgf ePsf] xf] . g] kfndf : yfkgf ePsf] nf] stflGqs u0ftflGqs Joj: yf / g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] pTkLl8t hflt, hghflt, If] q, ln+u / efiffefifLx?nfO{ ;s] ;Dd ;Daf] wg ug] { k|oTg u/ ] sf] 5 . To;nfO{ k"0f{?kdf Jojxf/ df n} hfg s] xL ;d: of kSs} k} bf ePsf 5g\ .

To; l;nl;nfdf ljleGg ?kdf s;} n] s;} dfly hft, wd{, ;+: s[lt, If] q / ln+usf cfwf/ df Jojxf/ df e] befj u¥of] eg] sfg'gL?kdf b08 ;hfosf] sfg'gL Joj: yf klg 5 . ;+j} wflgs / sfg'gL tj/ df / x] sf ck"0f{tfx?nfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf] wg tyf ;+;bLo k|lqmofåf/ f ;dfwfg ub} { hfg ;lsg] k|fjwfgx? klg sfod / flvPsf] tYo xfd|f cufl8 5 . o: tf] cj: yfdf hflt, efiff, wd{, ;+: s[ltsf d'2fx?nfO{ p7fP/ klxrfgsf] pGdfbsf] / fhgLlt ug'{ b] z, hgtf / ;dfhsfnflu jfG5gLo sfd xf] Og . b] zdf : yfkgf ePsf] nf] stflGqs u0ftGqcg'?k ;Qfdf uPsf bnx?n] hgtfsf] ;kgf / ;+ljwfgsf] efjgf tyf dd{ cg'?k sfd ug{ ;s] gg\ . To;df ljdlt s;} sf] 5} g t/ o;sf] ;dfwfgsf] ljsNk ;f+: s[lts pGdfbsf] / fhgLlt / kZrudg sbflk x'g ;Sb} g . of] ;d: ofsf] ljsNk / fhgLltsf] ;sf/ fTds ?kfGt/ 0f / cu|udg dfq x'g ;S5 . cfkm\gf cd's : jfy{x?nfO{ k"/ f ug{ ;f+: s[lts / fi6«jfb / kZrudgsf] em08f p7fpg' g] kfnL ;Eotf / ;fdflhs ;b\efjlj?4sf] s'/ f xf] . g] kfn olta] nf e"d08nLo / fhgLltsf] rf;f] sf] laGb'df kl/ 0ft ePsf] cj: yfdf xfd|f] / fli6«o PstfnfO{ efF8] / cfkm\gf] : jfy{ k"/ f ug{ zlQm s] Gb|x? v] ln/ x] sf 5g\ . To;} n] of] uDeL/ tfnfO{ a'em] / ;Dk"0f{ b] zeQm tyf / fhgLlts / k|hftflGqs zlQmsf] Pstf cfhsf] P] ltxfl;s cfjZostf xf] .

s;n] s] eg] < kf6L{df cfof/ fd / uof/ fd eO/ xG5 . PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ ;lsG5 eGg] e|d s;} n] gkfn] x'G5 .

– dfwjs'df/ g] kfn -g] skf PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLsf cWoIf_ olt rfF8} Joj: yfn] sfd u/ ] g, s] xL ePg / s] xL x'Fb} g eg] / på] lnt u/ fpg' lxhf] sf lgb{nLo Joj: yfaf6 e/ k"/ nfe lnO/ x] sf tTjx¿sf] 56\k6fx6 dfq} xf] . o;af6 kl/ jt{gsf/ L zlQmx¿ cflQg'kg{] s'g} cfwf/ b] lVbgF .

– ljdn] Gb| lglw -k"j{pkk|wfgdGqL Pj+ g] kfnL sf+u|] ;sf k"j{pk;efklt_ ;dfhjfbL af6f] df cl3 a9\g] df dte] b 5} g . ca kf6L{sf] gfd, r'gfj lrXg / lhDd] jf/ L afF8kmfF6sf] df] 8fln6L agfP/ cl3 a9\g] eGg] 5 .

– u+ufgf/ fo0f >] i7 -g] ;kf jftf{ 6f] nLsf ;+of] hs_ of] g] t[Tjn] / fd|f] sfd u/ ] sf] xf] nf . t/ w] / } g/ fd|f sfd klg u/ ] sf] 5 . g/ fd|f sfdaf6 aRg / cfkm\gf jl/ kl/ sfnfO{ ;+/ If0f ug{sf nflu zlQmdf al;/ xg'kg{] , kl5Nnf] k': tfnfO{ cl3 a9fpg grfxg] k|j[lQn] Joj: yfnfO{ abgfd agfPsf] 5 .

– ef] h/ fh kf] v|] n -k"j{k|zf;s;d] t / xg'ePsf / fhgLlts ljZn] ifs_ ;+;f/ df n} +lus lx+;fsf] sf/ 0faf6 cy{tGqdf rfk k/ ] sf] 5 . n} +lus lx+;fsf] sf/ 0faf6 dfq} ;+;f/ n] s'n ufx{: Yo pTkfbg -hL8LkL_ sf] b'O{ k|ltzt u'dfPsf] 5 . o;sf] d"No !=% l6«lnog 8n/ x'G5, h'g gf] S;fg eO/ x] sf] 5 .

– sNof0f >] i7 -k"j{k|wfgGofofwLz_

!= ljifo k|j] z ;d: t hLj–hutdf dflg; dfq Pp6f o: tf] k|f0fL xf] h;sf lgldQ ;Dk"0f{ k|fs[lts ;|f] t / ;fwgx¿ ckof{Kt 7xl/ b} 5g\ cyf{t dflg;df nf] esf] t[i0ff jf s'07f c;Lldt ePsf] 5 . p;sf] nf] e jf s'07f Pp6f ;d[4 / ;Ddflgt hLjg af“Rgsf nflu p;sf cfkm\ gf cfwf/ e"t cfjZostfx¿sf] k"lt{ ug{sf nflu geP/ p;n] cfkm" dfq c? eGbf a9L wgL / zlQmzfnL b] vfpg] unt dxTjfsf+Iffn] cfh dflg;nfO{ bGTosyfsf] / fIf; agfO/ x] sf] 5 . p;nfO{ lhTgsf nflu k|s[ltn] dfq gk'u] / ;f/ f a|x\df08 rflxPsf] 5 . k[YjLn] gk'u] / rGb|dfb] lv d+unu|x;Dd rflxPsf] 5 . cem 6f9f6f9f;Ddsf u|x pk–u|x, tf/ fd08n / ;f} o{d08nx¿ rflxPsf] 5 . Pp6f JolQmnfO{ ;f/ f cfsfzs} wgLk"hf{ lbP klg lrQ ga''‰g] ePsf] 5 . o;sf nflu p;n] hlt klg vr{ ul/ / x] sf] 5 . Tof] vr{ eg] sf] p;sf] s'g} b} jL jf k} t[s ;DklQ geP/ cfd dflg;af6 ljleGg t/ xn] c;'n u/ ] sf] s/ jf d'gfkmf g} xf] jf ljleGg sfg'gL k|k~råf/ f c;'n] sf] jf a6'n] sf] ;DklQ g} xf] . hals cfh s/ f] 8f} + dflg; ;fdfGo vfg, nfpg / a: g gkfP/ Ho"“b} dl/ / x] sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ cfwf/ e"t lzIff, ;Lk, /f]huf/L, :jf:Yo ;]jf, dgf]/~hg cflb t emg} k/sf] s'/f eO/x]sf] 5 . cfh o:tf ljkGg dflg;sf] ;+Vofn] lxdfnsf] r'r'/ f] gfl3/ x] sf] 5 . cyf{t\ ;+;f/ df ul/ aL–b'MvLx¿sf] ;+Vof klxn] eGbf clxn] al9/ x] sf] 5 . zf] if0f, bdg / bf;Tjsf gof“–gof“ k|j[lQ / ¿kx¿ b] vf kl/ / x] sf 5g\ . tL zf] if0f, bdg / bf;TjnfO{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf¿kdf j} wtf / lg/ Gt/ tf lbgsf nflu zlQmzfnL JolQm, Jofkf/ L / / fhgLltsdL{x¿n] gof“–gof“ gLlt, lgod, sfg'g / ;+/ rgfx¿ v8f ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ o: tf unt gLlt, lgod, sfg'g / ;+/ rgfx¿k|lt c;xdlt hgfpg] jf km/ s lsQfdf pleg] JolQm, ;d'bfo, ;+: yf / / fi6««x¿dfly Oltxf;df slxNo} gb] lvPsf åGå / o'4x¿ yf] kg{;d] t tof/ ePsf 5g\ . Pp6f / fi6«sf ;du| hgtfnfO{ ul/ a agfP/ ;Lldt JolQmx¿ ca{klt jf va{klt x'g] k|0ffnLnfO{ cfly{s ljsf;sf] dfgs 7fGg] q"m/ k"“hLjfb @! cf} + ztfAbLsf] slyt ;Eotf / ;+: sf/ alg/ x] sf] 5 . nfU5, cfhsf] ;+;f/ åGå} åGå / o'4} o''4sf] eon] u|: t 5 . clxn] åGå jf o'4 gePsf] s''g} 3/ , kl/ jf/ , ;dfh / / fi6«« 5} g . oxf“ åGå / o'4 eGgfn] lx+;fTds d"ntM lx+;fTds åGå / o'4nfO{ ;+s] t ul/ Psf] xf] . x/ ] sh;f] 3/ , kl/ jf/ / ;dfhdf ck/ fwsf] >[+vnfn] ;Ldf gf3] sf] 5 . sd{If] qdf x'g'kg] { dflg;x¿ s'?If] qdf 5g\ . Wofgdf x'g'kg] { dflg;x¿ lx/ f;t / sf/ fuf/ df 5g\ . ufp“ / gu/ df x'g'kg] { dflg;x¿ zx/ df / : jb] zdf x'g'kg] { dflg;x¿ ljb]zdf 5g\ . dflg;x¿sf] clxn]sf] o: tf] ljZjJofkL ljrng / ljr/ 0fsf] d"n sf/ stTj eg] sf] ;a} sf nflu ;d[l4sf] k|flKt eGbf klg ul/ aLsf sf/ 0f cfwf/ e"t cfjZostfx¿sf] k"lt{ g} xf] . o;sf] kl/ 0ffd, cfh ufp“ / gu/ x¿ z"Go ePsf 5g\ . ;f/ f dflg; zx/ df gfufl/ stfsf] 7fp“df / fxbfgL af] s] / lx“l8/ x] sf 5g\ . s;sf] uGtJo s] xf] s;} nfO{ yfxf 5} g . klxnf] s'/ f t p;} nfO{ yfxf 5} g . t/ o; uGtJosf] Pp6f nIo eg] cjZo 5, Tof] xf] af“Rgsf nflu wg k|flKt . c;Lldt ;'v / ef] uljnf;sf nflu cs"t wg k|flKt jf wgk|ltsf] cfzlQm . @= dfgj k|j[lQ lxhf] ;Dd xfdL eGg] uYof} {+ ls dflg;x¿ ;Rrf dflg; x'gsf nflu 1fg / Wofg cfjZos kb{5 . cfh dflg;x¿df 1fgsf] s'g} sdL 5} g . ;f/ f a|x\df08sf] 1fg x/ ] s dflg;x¿sf] xTs] nfdf 5 . 1fgsf] of] ;fd|fHo ul/ aL / clzIffsf] ;Ldf/ ] vf klg kf/ ul/ ;s] sf] 5 . cfh ljZjel/ rf} la;} 306f ;a} nfO{ ;dfg¿kdf k|fKt 1fg / 1fgsf ;fwgx¿sf] d'Vo ;d: of eg] sf] o;sf] b'¿kof] u xf] . t/ ;“u;“u} dflg; 1fgaf6 c3fP/ clxn] ;f/ f 1fgx¿nfO{ dgf]/ ~hgdf kl/ 0ft ul/ / x] sf] 5 . clg dgf] / ~hgsnfn] eb|tfaf6 e2f, cZnLn, lx+;fTds¿k wf/ 0f ul/ / x] sf] 5 . o; 1fg / dgf] / ~hgsf ;fwgx¿sf] b¿kof]u olt;Dd eO/x]sf] 5 ls o;n] dflg;– dflg;, ;d'bfo–;d'bfo / /fi6«–/fi6«a« Lr å]if, 3[0ff / lje] b km} nfpg] sfd a9L ul/ / x] sf] 5 . clg ;/sf/ eG5, ca l6s6s aGb ug'k{ b{5 . ha ls l6s6seGbf klg cZnLn / lx+;fTds dgf] / ~hg kl: sg] sfd 6f] n–6f] ndf v'n] sf 8fG; af/ , xlna'8 / alnj'8af6 pTkflbt rnlrq hut klg plQs} eO/ x] sf] 5 . km] ;a's, OG: 6fu|fd, 6\jL6/ / o'6\o'ax¿af6 klg cflv/ c;neGbf v/ fa 1fgs} k|rf/ a9L eO/ x] sf] 5 . x'“bfx'“bf cfh dflg; 1fg} 1fg} sf] o; ;+;f/ df oyfy{df 1fgLeGbf klg 1fgz"Go caf] w k|f0fLh: t} eO/ x] sf] 5 . #= 1fg / Wofgsf s'/ f o;aLrdf Wofgsf] s'/ f t emg\ sxf“ 5 sxf“ < oyfy{df Wofg eGg] s'/ f g} clxn] x/ fO/ x] sf] 5 . Wofg klg Pp6f Jofkf/ eO/ x] sf] 5 . / fdb] jsf] of] u / cf] zf] , >L>L / ljz+s/ , ;b\u'?sf] Wofg sDkgLn] cfh ljZjd} caf} {+ca{sf] Jofkf/ ul/ / x] sf] 5, a'4sf] ljkZogfafx] s . cfh Wofg ljkGgeGbf ;DkGg dflg;x¿nfO{ rflxPsf] 5 . To;} n] t clxn] Wofgs] Gb|df wfpg] x¿df wgL, dlte|i6 / k"j{zf;s–k|zf;sx¿sf] af] njfnf / x] sf] 5 .

Wofgs]Gb|df hfg]x¿sf] clwsf+z ;+Vof ;a}yf]s ul/ ;s] / , ;a} yf] s k'lu;s] / klg gc3fPsf / czfGt dgn] zflGt vf] lh/ x] sf dflg;x¿sf] e'm08 xf] eg] df cTo'lQm gxf] nf . lsgls Wofg / ;fwgfdf hfg] x¿sf] ;du| ljZn] if0f ubf{ pgLx¿sf] 1fgk|flKt, 1fg;fwgf 1fg k|rf/ sf nflu geP/ s] xL lbgsf nflu cyf{t eljiosf nflu cfkm\gf] ljrlnt / c;Gt'lnt dgnfO{ zfGt u/ fpg rfx] sf] a''em\g ;lsG5 . cfh ljZjsf] d'Vo ;d: of eg] s} 1fgsf] cefj geP/ hf] ePsf] 1fgsf] c;Lldt b'¿kof] u xf] . o; s'/ fnfO{ k/ df0f' adsf lktf

cNa6{ cfOG;6fOgn] cfkm"n] cfljisf/ u/ ] sf] 1fgsf] vt/ ftkm{ p;} avt ;+s] t u/ ] sf lyP / kZrftfksf] z}nLdf eg]sf lyP ls d}n] csf]{ hGd lng''k¥of] eg] af} 4 eP/ hGdg kfp“ . cfh ToxL adk|ljlw dflg;sf 6fpsf–6fpsfdf e'ml08Psf] 5 . x/ ] s zlQmzfnL / fi6««x¿sf] uf} / j eg] sf] adzlQm cyf{t kf/ df0fljs zlQm ePsf] 5 . o; kf/ df0fljs zlQmnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ pmhf{sf nflu eGbf klg o'4sf nflu ;l~rt ul/ Psf] 5 . lj1fg, k|ljlw / cfly{s Ifdtfn] ;DkGg / fi6««x¿sf] d'Vo WofpGg s'g} vfBfGg jf 1fgsf] >f] t / ;fwgx¿sf] pTkfbg / k|rf/ k|;f/ geP/ k/ df0f' k|ljlwsf] k|rf/ / k/df0f' adx¿sf] pTkfbgdf vr{ eO/x]sf] 5 . xfn ljZjsf ljleGg e"–efudf rln/ x]sf lx+;fTds åGå / o'4df s'g a] nf s;n] k/ df0f' adsf] k|of] u ug] { lglZrt 5} g . ha Tof] k/ df0f' adsf] k|of] u ug] { xf] To;n] slt lx/ f] l;df / gfuf;fsLx¿ hGdfpg] xf] / To;sf] c;/ slt k/ k/ ;Ddsf e"–efux¿df kg] { xf] To;sf] klg s'g} 7] ufg 5} g . lsgls lxhf] sf lbgx¿df k/ df0f' k|ljlw / k/ df0f' adsf] lj: tf/ / k|of] udfly k|ltaGw nufpg] ;+o'Qm / fi6««;+3Lo ;lGw ;Demf} tfx¿af6 oL / fi6««x¿ wdfwd xl6/ x] sf] cj: yf 5 . o;/ L cfh k/ df0f' k|ljlw / k/ df0f' ad geO{ gx'g] vfBfGg ;/ x ljZjel/ km} lnO/ x] sf] 5 . ;a} x'g] vfg] / fi6««x¿sf] Pp6} clGtd rfxgf 5, cfTd/ Iffsf gfddf k/ df0f' adsf] pTkfbg † To;} n] o; o''usf Ps dxfg j} 1flgs : 6] kmg xlsª\;n] eg] sf 5g\ ls casf] Ps xhf/ jif{leq k/ df0f' ad / hnjfo' kl/ jt{gsf sf/ 0f k[YjL gi6 eof] eg] s'g} cfZro{ x'g] 5} g . oL j} 1flgssf] Pp6f k|jrg ;'Gg] ;''cj;/ 6f] lsof] ljZjljBfnodf lrGtgnfO{ klg ldn] sf] lyof] . $= zflGteGbf o'4sf] vt/ f o;/ L cfh dflg;sf] ;f/ f 1fg / cfljisf/ lgdf{0f geP/ Wj+z, zflGt geP/ o'4 / ;d[l4 geP/ ljkGgtfsf nflu b'¿kof] u eO/ x] sf] 5 . gq eg] ljutdf t dflg;x¿ ef] s} a: b} gy] , cfjZostf / afWotf g} gk/ L w] / } o'4 klg n8\b} gy] , 1fg / dfgjsNof0fsf s'/ f uy] { . k|s[ltsf] k"hf uy] { . zflGtsf s'/ f uy] { . 1fgL, WofgL, Clifd'lg / uf} td a'4h: tf dxfg JolQmTjx¿sf] hLjgsd{nfO{ o;} ¿kdf a''‰g ;lsG5 . t/ cfh xfdL g 1fgL / WofgL, g Clifd'lg / uf} td a'4x¿sf] hGd ePsf] kfp“5f}+ g pgsf lziox¿n] oyfy{df pgLx¿sf] 1fg, Wofg / cfr/ 0fsf] kfngf u/ ] sf] kfp“5f} + . htftt} xfdL 1fg / Wofgsf] klg Jofkf/ dfq ePsf] kfp“5f} + . olb o: tf] x'g] lyPg eg] cfh ljZjdf lsg olt w] / } czflGt t < ha ls dfgj hfltsf nflu dfq geO{ ;Dk"0f{ k|s[lthut / a|x\df08s} nflu zflGt dfq clGtd ;fWo xf] eGg] s'/ f xfdL ;a} n] a''em] sf 5f} + . lsgls xfdLn] xfd|f nflu cfjZos kg] { ljleGg wd{ -;+: sf/ _, bz{g / 1fg k|frLgsfn, j} lbssfn / a'4sfnb] lv g} k|fKt ul/ ;s] sf xf} + . dfq cfjZostf lyof] To;sf] ;fwgf / Jofjxfl/ s sfof{Gjogsf] . t/ klg b''O{–b''O{j6f ljgfzsf/ L ljZjo'4 eP/ } 5f] 8] . clxn] km] l/ t] >f] ljZjo'4sf] rrf{ ;+: ff/ el/ 5 . dfgf} +, casf] t] ;|f] ljZjo'4 ljZjzflGtsf nflu x'g] 5, ljZjzflGtsf gfddf x'g] 5 † o;afx] s ;+;f/el/ ;fgf7"nf ;z:q åGå / o'4' x¿ t slt xf] slt x'b“ fx'b“ f k"jo{ u' f] : nfleof / ?jf08fb] lv ufhfk§L;Dd ePsf jf eO/ x] sf hfltxTof / g/ ;+xf/ csNkgLo b[Zo xfdLn] lel8of] u] dsf ¿kdf x] l/ / xg'k/ ] sf] 5, lg/ Lx eP/ † %= ljZjzflGtsf nflu ;+o'Qm / fi6«;+3sf] : yfkgf bf];|f] ljgfzsf/L o'4kl5 zlQm/fi6«x« ¿nfO{ ;d] t of] cg''e"lt eof] ls o'4 s'g} klg s'/ fsf] ljsNk xf] Og / zflGt lglj{sNk xf] . clg ljZjzflGtsf] nflu ;g\ !($% df Pp6f ;+oQ' m / fi6«;« 3+ sf] : yfkgf ul/ of] . o;sf] ;~rfngsf nflu Pp6f a8fkq g} hf/ L ul/ of] , h'g a8fkqsf] k|: tfjgfd} elgPsf] 5 ls– xfdL ;+ o ' Q m / fi6« « s f hgtfn] lg0f{ o u/ ] sf 5f} + M xfd|f] hLjgsfndf b'Ok{ 6s dfgjhfltdfly csNkgLo kL8f NofPsf] o'4sf] k|sf] kaf6 cfufdL k': tfnfO{ arfpg, / cfwf/ e" t dfgj clwsf/ df, dfgj JolQmsf] dof{bf / d"Nodf, k'?if / dlxnf tyf 7"nf / ;fgf / fi6««x¿sf] ;dfg clwsf/ df ljZjf;sf] k'gM k'li6 ug{, / ;lGw Pj+ cGt/ f{li6«o sfg'gsf cGo ;|f] tx¿af6 pTkGg x'g] bfloTjx¿sf cfwf/ df Gofo / ;Ddfg sfod ug{ ;lsg] cj: yfx¿ : yfkgf ug{, / a[xt\ : jtGqtfsf vflt/ ;fdflhs k|ult / pRr hLjg: t/ nfO{ a9fjf lbg . / , oL p2] Zox¿sf] k|flKtsf nflu ;lxi0f'tfsf] cEof; ug{ tyf c;n l5d] sLsf] ¿kdf Pscsf{;“u zflGtk"j{s a: g, / cGt/ f{li6«o zflGt / ;'/ Iff sfod ug{sf nflu xfd|f] zlQm Psh'6 ug] {, / l;4fGt / ljlwsf] ;+: yfut : jLs[ltsf cfwf/ df ;femf lxtdf afx] s ;z: q ansf] k|of] u gx'g] ;'lglZrt ug] {, / ;a} hgtfsf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs pGglt k|j4{gsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGqx¿sf] k|of]u ug]{ . ^= ljsl;t / zlQmzfnL / fi6« x ¿ g} ljZjzflGtsf nflu vt/ f t/ zlQm/ fi6« « x ¿af6 ckjfbafx] s cfh;Dd o;} a8fkqsf] pNn+3g ug] { sfo{ g} a9L eO/ x] sf] 5 . ;+o'Qm / fi6««;+3nfO{ ;lqmo ;+: yfaf6 lgliqmok|foM ;+: yfdf kl/ 0ft ul/ Psf] 5 . ls t o;nfO{ cfkm\gf] lgxLt : jfy{k"lt{sf nflu b'¿kof] u ul/ of] . x'g t k|f/ Ded} o;df vf] 6 lyof] . ;+o'Qm / fi6««;+3sf] ;'/ Iff kl/ ifb\ df kf“r -rLg, k|mfG;, a] nfot, ?; / ;+o'Qm / fHo cd] l/ sf_ j6f zlQm/ fi6««x¿nfO{ s'g} klg lg0f{olj?4 ljkIfdf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] / To;kl5 ;f] lg0f{o : jtM lgliqmo x'g] k|fjwfgn] g} cfh ;+o'Qm / fi6««;+3 o; b'Mvb cj: yfdf cfOku] sf] xf] . cfh ;'/ Iff kl/ ifb\ log}

kf“rj6f ljz] ifflwsf/ k|fKt zlQm/ fi6««x¿sf] ;j{;Ddltaf6 s'g} klg lg0f{o ug{ g;Sg] cj: yfdf k'u' ] sf] 5 . ;'/ Iff kl/ ifb\sf] lg0f{o / g] t[Tjlagf s'g} klg Ps / fi6««n] csf] { /fi6«n« fO{ wfswDsL lbg] jf x:tIf]k ug]{ ;}Go u7aGwg ug] { sfo{dfly k|ltaGw nufPsf] 5 . t/ clxn] ;+;f/ df log} k|fjwfgx¿sf] pNn+3g eO/ x] sf] 5 . o; a8fkqsf p2] Zox¿sf] k|flKtsf u 8f= uf]kfn lzjfsf]6L lrGtg u gf/ fo0fk|;fb kf} 8] n nflu ;g\ !($* df dfgj clwsf/ sf] ljZjJofkL 3f] if0ffkq hf/ L eof] . To; zflGtdf kl/ jt{gsf nflu cg'/ f] w ug'{ kg] { 3f] if0fkqsf cfwf/ df ljZjsf ;a} dflg;sf lyPg . tTsfnLg / fhf jL/ ] Gb|n] cfkm\gf] nflu gful/ s, / fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / fHoleif] ssf cj;/ df g] kfnnfO{ zflGt If] q / ;f+: s[lts clwsf/ nufot / +ue] b, j0f{e] b, 3f] if0ff u/ L o;sf] ljZjJofkL dfGotfsf nflu cGo ;a} vfn] lje] b / oftgf tyf q"m/ Pj+ cfx\jfg ug'{kg] { lyPg . ;a} cdfgjhgs jf cdfgjLo Jojxf/ lj?4 (= af} 4 bz{gsf] dlxdf dxf;lGwx¿ ag] . dlxnf, afnaflnsf, af} 4 bz{g / ;+: sf/ ;dfgtf / clx+;fdf cflbjf;L, hghflt, blnt, cNk;+Vos ;a} sf cfwfl/ t 5 . lje] b / lx+;fsf kIfkftLx¿ Aff} 4 ;dfg clwsf/ sf ;lGw;Demf} tfx¿ ag] . bz{gsf kIfkftL / lxdfotL x'g ;Sb} gg\ . / fi6««x¿n] ltgnfO{ cg'df] bg klg u/ ] . t/ dfgjhut dfq geO{ ;d: t k|f0fLhut / Jojxf/ df sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg ;s] gg\, k|s[lthutsf] sNof0f, ;+/ If0f / ;Da4{g g} rfx] gg\ jf k|of;/ t 5g\ . o;sf nflu af} 4 bz{gsf] u'bL xf] . af} 4 bz{g, ;+: sf/ / / fli6«o txdf ;+ljwfg, gLltlgod / sfg'g / lzIff ;d'bfodf cfwfl/ t 5 . ;fd'bflos lxt sfof{Gjog / sfg'gL pkrf/ sf nflu ljleGg / ;xeflutdf cfwfl/ t 5 . lzIff, bLIff / ;+/ rgfx¿ v8f ePsf 5g\ . t/ klg b'lgof“df leIff cyf{t\ bfgdf cfwfl/ t 5 . kfkdf geO{ lje] b 5, lx+;f 5, ul/ aL 5, ljkGgtf 5, k'0osd{df cfwfl/ t . kfk eGgfn] cfkm" ;Ifd czflGt 5 . 3/ 3/ df czflGt . 6f] n6f] n / x'“bfx'“b} klg ;d'bfo / ;fd'bflos sfdsf nflu gu/ –gu/ df czflGt . k|b] z–k|b] z / s] Gb|df Ps k} ;f jf Ps bfgf] cGg klg bfg ug{ g;Sg] czflGt . x'“bfx'“bf l;4fy{ uf} tdsf] hGdynf] d} nf] eL / e|i6 JolQmnfO{ a''‰g ;lsG5 . czflGt . oyfy{ d f >ldsju{ s f ljZjljVoft &= af} 4 bz{gsf] cg'z/ 0f g} ljZjzflGtsf] bfz{lgs sfn{ dfS;{n] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] åGåfTds ljsNk ef} ltsjfbL bz{g klg af} 4 bz{gsf cfwf/ e"t ;j{k|yd af} 4 bz{g eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 l;4fGt / dfGotfx¿d} cfwfl/ t 5 . o;df t eGg] ljifo dxTjk"0f{ 5 . af} 4 bz{gsf] km/ s olt dfq xf] ls af} 4jfbn] zflGtk"0f{ ;f/ eg] sf] rf/ cfo{;To / ci6flËs dfu{sf] dfWodaf6 zflGt / ;dfgtfsf] ;Da4{g u5{ cg'z/ 0f xf] . rf/ cfo{;To eGgfn] b'Mv x'G5, eg] dfS;{jfbn] cfjZos k/ ] df lx+;fTds b'Mvsf] sf/0f x'G5, b'Mvsf] lgjf/0f ;Dej 5 / an k|of] u u/ ] / } eP klg zf] ifs ju{sf] o;sf] pkfo klg lg:sG5 eGg] hLjgbz{gnfO{ lj: yfkgnfO{ k|j4{g ub{5 . t/ ;f/ df af} 4 a''emfp“5 . ci6flËs dfu{ eGgfn] ;Dos bz{g / dfS;{jfbL bz{gsf] p2] Zo eg] ;femf b[li6, ;Dos ;+sNk, ;Dos arg, ;Dos 5, Tof] xf] ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltsf] ;dfg cl: tTj, sdf{Gt, ;Dos cfhLljsf, ;Dos Jofofd, ;Ddfg / sNof0f . ;Dos : d[lt / ;Dos ;dflwnfO{ hgfp“5 . !)= lgisif{ oL dfu{ x ¿sf] kfngf g} ljZjzflGtsf] To;} n] ha;Dd xfdL cfkm} + zfGt x'“b} gf} +, k|f/ DelaGb" xf] . af} 4 bz{g ljZj zflGtsf a'4 bz{g / a'4 lzIffnfO{ b} lgs hLjgdf u|x0f nflu Pp6f o: tf] zlQmzfnL c: q xf] h;n] ub} {gf} +, nf] e / cfzlQmaf6 6f9f / x“b} gf} , ;a} c? s'g} klg bz{g, wd{ / ;+: sf/ k|lt 3[0ff dfgj hflt / k|s[lt ;dfg x'g\ eGg] ;f] rnfO{ hfu[t ub} {g / k|To] s dflg;sf] dg, arg Joxf/ df cEof; ub} {gf} + ta;Dd ljZjzflGt / cfr/ 0f ;dfgtf, clx+;f / ;lxi0f'tfdf slxNo} ;Dej x'g] 5} g . zflGtaf6 o'4 lgif] w cfwfl/ t x'g'kb{5 eGg] dfGotf / fV5 . cflv/ ;Dej 5 t/ o'4af6 zflGt sbflk ;Dej 5} g . ha;Dd dflg;x¿aLr å] if, 3[0ff, lje] b, lsgls zflGtk"0f{ kl/ jt{gdfkm{t zflGtk"0f{ ljZj c;dfgtf, nf] e / cfzlQm / lx/ xG5 ta;Dd lgdf{0fsf nflu af} 4 bz{g / af} 4 lzIffeGbf ljZjdf sxL+ klg zflGt c;Dej 5 . dflg; ;/ n, ;xh, Jofjxfl/ s, j} 1flgs bz{g / lzIff hlt hlt cfw'lgs, ljsl;t / ;Eo ePsf] csf] { 5} g . tyflk af} 4 bz{g / lzIff dgg ug{ clego ub} { hfG5 plt–plt ljZjs} nflu hlt ;/ n 5, o;nfO{ u|x0f ug{ plQs} sl7g cfkm} ljgfzs eO/ x] sf] jt{dfg ljZjzflGt / 5 . pbfx/ 0fsf nflu, c?nfO{ b'Mv lbg' x'Gg, dfgjhfltsf nflu dfq geP/ ;d: t k[YjLs} e]befj ug'{ x'Gg, 9f“6g\ ' x'Gg, lx+;f ug'x{ G' g, nf]e / nflu dxfsn+s xf] . cfzlQm ug'x{ G' g . t/ x/ ] sh;f] dflg;sf] ;Dk"0f{ o: tf] ;f] r / k|j[lQsf] cGTo x'g} kb{5 . lbgrof{ / hLjg log} sfo{x? ub} {df lalt/ x] sf] ;+;f/ df h] hlt b'Mv / b'Mvsf sf/ 0fx¿ 5 . gq t pm cfkm} n] a'4Tj k|fKt ul/ xfN5 lg † 5g\, ltgsf] lgbfg ;Dej 5 . zflGtsf] t;y{ l9n} eP klg ca cfP/ xfdLnfO{ yfngL ;j{k|yd cfkm\g} dg / cfr/ 0f z'l4, cfzf / ljZjf; 5 / xfdLn] cfx\jfg ug'{kb{5 To;kl5 3/ , kl/ jf/ , 6f] n, ;d''bfo, ;dfh / g] kfnnfO{ zflGtIf] q 3f] lift ul/ of] ;\ eGg] / fi6«x¿af6 x'“b} hfg] xf] . / fhf jL/ ] Gb|n] a'4sf] hg: t/ Lo k|: tfj tTsfn ;+o'Qm / fi6««;+3sf] b] z g] kfndf ;bf;j{bf zflGt sfod / xf] ;\ / dxf;efdf k|: tfjsf ?kdf : jo+ g] kfn / o;df afXo If] qsf] cg'lrt bafa, k|efj / g] kfnsf l5d] sL / ldq / fi6«x¿n] k|: tfjsf x: tIf] k sbflk g/ xf] ;\ eg] / ljZj ;dIf cl3 ?kdf k] z u/ L To;nfO{ kfl/ t ug'{kb{5 . ;f/ ] sf] zflGtIf] qsf] k|: tfjnfO{ Ps ;o #) lsgls k|: t't zflGt If] qsf] k|: tfj s'g} j6feGbf a9L / fi6«n] ;dy{g / x: tfIf/ u/ ] Ps bn, ;Dk|bfo, hflt, lnË, ju{, j0f{ / klg xfd|f] ;a} eGbf glhssf] l5d] sL x'g'kg] {df e"uf] nljz] ifsf] dfq x'“b} xf] Og . g] kfndf / x] sf pN6} blIf0fL l5d] sLsf] b""/ fzosf sf/ 0f o;n] ;a} hft–hflt, efiff–efifL, wd{, lnË, ;+: s[lt p;a]nf ;fy{stf kfpg ;s]g . o;}sf] kl/0ffd / / fhgLlts bnsf] Pp6} : j/ , Pp6} ljrf/ , xf] ls cfh xfd|f oL b'O{ dxfg l5d] sLx¿aLr Jojxf/ / ;+sNk o;sf nflu ckl/ xfo{ 5 . ljBdfg : jfy{sf] 6s/ fjsf] afl56fn] klg zflGtsf] dfnf hk] / åGå / o'4sf] v] tL ug] { g] kfn IftljIft 5 . o;} : jfy{df cfkm\gf k|j[lQ ;bfsf nflu cGTo x'g'kb{5 . lgisif{df, : jfy{x¿sf] 6s/ fjsf nflu pBt klZrdf xfn} ;+o'Qm / fi6««;+3sf dxf;lrj PG6f] lgof] ldq/ fi6«x¿sf] Jojxf/ st} a'4sf] b] z g] kfn u'6] / ];n] n'lDagL e|d0fsf qmddf JoQm u/ ] sf g} / 0fd} bfg x'g] t xf] Og eGg] vt/ f xfd|f] ljrf/ x¿sf] ;f/ o; ;Dd] ngsf ;Gbe{df klg cf“v} cufl8 5 . t;y{ g} hg: t/ af6 ;j{k|yd plQs} plrt / ;fGble{s x'g] 5M ;du| g] kfn g} ;bfsf nflu zflGt If] q / xf] ;\ s– zflGt / dfgjtf ckl/ xfo{ ljifo / ljZjzflGtsf] ck"j{ yfngL klg g] kfnaf6} xf] . dfgjLotfnfO{ dg{ lbg'xG' g . uf} td a'4sf] xf] ;\ eg] / hg: t/ af6 cfhsf] o; zflGtIf] q ;Gb]z, k~rzLnsf] l;4fGt / ;+oQ' m /fi6«;« 3+ sf] ljifos uf]i7Lsf] cfjZostf dx;'; ePsf] xf] . nIo / p2] Zo ldNbf] h'Nbf] 5 . zflGtsf] o; *= af} 4 bz{gk|ltsf] pbfl;gtf / o;sf] d'xfgaf6 xfdL ;a} n] l;sf} + . o;sf nflu kl/ 0ffd n'lDagLsf] e|d0f u/ f} + . b'Mvsf] s'/ f, xfdL cfkm} + dxfg a'4sf] b] z v– o'4/ t d'n'sx¿ zflGtsf] af6f] eP/ klg xfdLn] zflGt l;s] gf+} . af} 4 lzIff cjnDag u/ . ljZjdf åGåsf] cGTo u/ L k9] gf} +, k9fPgf} + jf u|x0f u/ ] gf} + . af} 4 bz{gnfO{ zflGtsf] dfu{df hfg'sf] ljsNk 5}g . Oh/fon, hLjgbz{g / / fi6««lgdf{0fsf] dfu{lrq dfg] gf} + . Kofn] i6fOg, ?;, o'qm] g / ;'8fgnufotsf elgG5, cfhsf] blIf0f sf] l/ ofdf ljsf; ePsf] b] zx¿df eO/ x] sf åGåx¿ cGTo u/ L af} 4 bz{g / lzIffnfO{ ljsf;sf] dfu{lrq zflGtsf] dfu{df nfUg d n'lDagLaf6} clkn dfg] / xf] . x'g;S5, hfkfg, yfONof08, nfjf];, ug{ rfxG5' . leotgfd / rLgh: tf d'n'sx¿n] csNkgLo cflv/ xfd|f] nIo / p2] Zo klg oxL t ljsf; u/ ] sf] klg af} 4 bz{g, ;+: sf/ / xf] lg † d'Vo s'/ f, a'4sf] hGde"ld g] kfnd} k/ Dk/ fsf] hudf 6] s] / g} xf] . t/ xfdLsxf“ : yfoL zflGt : yfkgf ug{ ;lsGg eg] xfdLn] g t wd{wd{s} aLr c;lxi0f'tf v8f ul/ of] . ljZjzflGt k|fKt ug{ ;S5f} + g t ljZjzflGtsf s'g} Pp6f vf; wd{ jf bz{gnfO{ ljlzi6 nflu cfx\jfg ug{ g} zf] egLo x'G5 . o;sf dfGb} / / fHowd{ eGb} cGo wd{ / bz{glj?4 nflu klxnf] r/ 0fdf t xfdLn] ;Dk"0f{ g] kfnL wfjf af] lnof] . lje] b ul/ of] . of] s'/ f gful/snfO{ k|f/lDes txb]lv ljZjljBfno;Dd / fHosf gLlt lgod, sfg'g / ;+/ rgfb] lv / 3/ kl/ jf/ b] lv ;dfhsf x/ ] s tx;Dd af} 4 lzIffbLIff, k7gkf7g / ;fdflhs–;f+: s[lts bz{g / af} 4 lzIffnfO{ clgjfo{ ljifosf ¿kdf ;+ : sf/ x¿df ;d] t lje] bx¿nfO{ a9fjf k7gkf7g ug'{ u/ fpg'kb{5 . b} lgs hLjgz} nL lbOof] . / hLjgk4lts} ?kdf af} 4 bz{g / af} 4 t/ cfh ljZjn] a'l' em;s]sf] 5, a'‰' g]a]nf lzIffnfO{ : yflkt ul/ g'kb{5 . cfPsf] 5 ls ljZjzflGtsf nflu af} 4 bz{gsf cGTodf, cfwf/ e"t ;""q, l;4fGt / dfGotfx¿nfO{ a'4 hGde"ld n'lDagL t ljZjs} nflu ;f/ f ljZjn] c+lusf/ ug{ cfjZos 5 . af} 4 olt dxTjk"0f{ ;Dkbf If] q xf] ls of] ljZjsf bz{gnfO{ xfdLn] b} lgs hLjgbz{gsf ¿kdf ;f/ f åGåx?sf] lj;h{g / o'4x? / f] Sgsf cjnDag ug{ cfjZos 5 . lsgls ljZjzflGt nflu dWo: ytf, jftf{ / ;+jfbsf] kljq ynf] k|ydtM k|To] s dfgjsf] JolQmut cfr/ 0f;“u aGg ;S5 . of] cfkm} df ljZjzflGt zx/ ;DalGwt 5 . olb dxfdxfgj l;4fy{ uf} td aGg ;S5 . : jL6h/ Nof08, leogf / k] l/ ; / af} 4 bz{gsf] dlxdf olt ck/ Dkf/ x'g] zx/ x?sf] : yfg lng ;S5 . t/ ;j{k|yd lyPg eg] , p;a] nfsf] o; n'lDagLsf] emf8Ldf xfdL :jo+n] o;sf] dxTj a'‰g' kb{5 . o;sf cfP/ ;+o'Qm / fi6««;+3sf dxf;lrj p yfGtn] lgldQ Joj: yf / k|0ffnL;DaGwL ljjfb, o; : yfgnfO{ ljZjzflGtsf] k|tLs dfg] / ;+jfb, ax; / ;+3if{ rln/ xg] eP tfklg u'?of]hgf tof/ ug{ cfjZos lyPg . xfn} dfq kl/ jt{gsf nflu zflGtk"0f{ dfu{nfO{ clgjfo{ g] kfn e|d0f u/ ] / ;+o'Qm / fi6««;+3s} dxf;lrj zt{sf ?kdf : jLsf/ ug'{kb{5 .

PG6f] lgof] u'6] / ] ;n] ?;, o'qm] g, Oh/ fon, -@)*) d+ l ;/ !! ut] n' l DagLdf Kofn] i6fOg / ;o'Qm / fHo cd] l/ sflt/ d'v cfof]lht g]kfn zflGt If] q 3f] if0ff ljifos kmsf{P/ ljZjzflGtsf nflu cfx\jfg ug{ uf] i7Ldf jl/ i7 clwjQmf 8f= uf]kfn lzjfsf]6L cfjZos lyPg . g] kfns} klg cToGt} lttf] , lrGtg / n]vs tyf kqsf/ gf/ fo0f kf} 8] nn] b'Mvb / lx+;fTds ljutnfO{ cljnDa : yfoL k|:t't ug'{ePsf] sfo{kq ._

#

@)*) ;fn d+l;/ !# ut] a'wjf/ (Nov. 29, 2023)

www.nayayougbodh.com

s/0fL u/]/ v]tdf bkmg q s'df/ >] i7

af“s] , !@ d+l;/ . af“s] sf] g/ } gfk'/ df ef/ tLo o'jsn] g] kfnL aflnsfnfO{ s/ 0fL u/ ] / v] tdf uf8] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ef/ t ax/ fOr yfgf ?k} l8xf tx;Ln gfgkf/ f u|fd afafu~h a: g] #) jifL{o dx] z rf} xfgn] g/ } gfk'/ ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= !, 6] k/ Ldf !$ jifL{of aflnsf l/ tf xl/ hg eGg] lznfjtL rdf/ nfO{ s/ 0fL u/ ] / xTof u/ L v] tdf uf8] sf] k'li6 ePsf] xf] . / fds'df/ afx'gsf] v] tdf 6\ofS6/ n] hf] Tg cfPsf rf} xfgn] ;fu l6Kg uPsL aflnsfnfO{ PSn} b] v] kl5 d'v y'g] / anfTsf/ u/ ] sf lyP . d'v y'Gg] qmddf aflnsfsf] d[To' ePkl5 rf} xfgn] p;nfO{ v] tdf uf8] sf] atfPsf 5g\ . aflnsfsf] zjnfO{ v] tdf uf8] / hf] Tbfv] / L zj e] l6Psf] eGb} rf} xfgn] ufp“sf c?nfO{ kmf] g u/ ] sf lyP . zj e] l6Psf] va/ km} lnPkl5 k|x/ LnfO{ va/ ul/ Psf] lyof] . k|x/ L k'u] / x] bf{ zj cfn} lyof] . k|x/ Ln] rf} xfgnfO{ z+sf nfu] / cg';Gwfg k|lqmof cl3 a9fof] . lhNnfsf] k"jL{ l;dfgfdf kg] { 6] k/ Lsf] pQm 36gf aflxl/ Pkl5 lhNnfsf k|x/ L k|dv ' x? 36gf: yndf k'u] sf lyP . k|x/ Ln]

rf} xfgnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnP/ s] / sf/ ubf{ pgn] g} anfTsf/ ug] { qmddf d'v y'Gbf aflnsfsf] d[To' ePsf] / v] tdf uf8] / 6\ ofS6/ n] hf] Tbf zj e] l6Psf] egL va/ km} nfPsf] : jLsf/ u/ ] sf 5g\ . 36gf sflt{s !$ ut] sf] lyof] . k|x/ Ln] nfdf] cg';Gwfgkl5 rf}xfgnfO{ lhNnf cbfntdf pkl: yt u/ fPsf] / cbfntn] pgnfO{ st{AoHofgdf cfOtaf/ sf/ fuf/ k7fPsf]

5 . d'n'sL kmf} hbf/ L ;+lxtf @)&$ sf] bkmf !&& adf] lhd hGd s} b x'g ;Sg] sfg'gL Joj: yf / x] sf] 5 . af“s] k|x/ L k|jQmf l8P;kL gf/ fo0f 8f“uLn] aflnsfnfO{ s/ 0fL ubf{ d'v y'g] sf] / nfdf] ;do;Dd d'v y'Gbf pgsf] d[To' ePkl5 v] tdf nu] / uf8] / zj b] lvPsf] eGb} rf} xfgn] cGonfO{ va/ u/ ] sf] atfpg'eof] .

uf]bfj/L :s'nsf] !( cf}+ jflif{sf]T;j

afn ;+/If0f dfkb08sf] d:of}bfdfly 5nkmn

q uf] ljGb v8\sf

sf7df8f} +, !@ d+l;/ -o';_– / fli6«o afnclwsf/ kl/ ifb\n] afn ;+/ If0f dfkb08 @)*) sf] d: of} bf tof/ u/ L 5nkmndf NofPsf] 5 . afnaflnsf zflGt If] q / fli6«o cleofg -l;hk_ sf] ;xsfo{df d+unaf/ kl/ ifb\n] lj1 / ;/ f] sf/ jfnfaLr d: of} bfdf ;'emfj lnPsf] xf] . afnaflnsf;DaGwL P] g, @)&% sf] bkmf %& adf] lhd ljleGg If] qdf afnaflnsflj?4 x'g ;Sg] lx+;f / b'Jo{jxf/ / f] Sg pQm dfkb08 NofOPsf] kl/ ifb\ sf ;b: o;lrj adaxfb'/ aflgof“n] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . ;f] dfkb08 ;] jf k|bfos, lghL If] q, snsf/ vfgf, pBf] u / ljBfnodf nfu' x'g] l;hksf dxf;lrj ltnf] Qd kf} 8] nn] atfpg'eof] . l;hksf k"j{cWoIf / fh] z zdf{n] afnaflnsfdfly x'g ;Sg] lx+;f / of} gb'Jo{jxf/ , oftgfnufot cdfgjLo lqmofsnfk lg?T;fxg u/ L ph'/ L / sf/ jfxLsf] k|lqmofaf/ ] dfk80bdf k|: tfj ul/ Psfn] o;nfO{ kfl/ t u/ L sfof{Gjog ug{ cfu|x ug'{eof] .

3f] / fxL, !@ d+ l ;/ . uf] bfj/ L Oª\ln; ldl8od : s"n -h] D;_ 3f] / fxL–!# sf] !( cf} + jflif{sf] T;j d+unjf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ljBfno ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf z] ifdl0f zdf{sf] cWoIftf Pj+ 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf k| d ' v g?nfn rf} w/ Lsf] k| d ' v cfltYotfdf sfo{qmd ePsf] lyof] . Toxf“ Ps xhf/ ljBfyL{ cWoog/ t / x] sf] ljBfnosf k| a Gw lgb] { z s lji0f' k | e ft bfxfnn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . ljBfnosf lk|lG;kn xl/ kf} 8] nsf cg';f/ ljBfnosf] ljsf;df ;d'bfosf] ;fy 5 . lzIfs, ljBfyL{, cleefjssf] lqsf] 0ffTds c;n ;DaGwsf sf/ 0f sIff !@ ;Dd ljBfno / fd|f] l;t rn] sf] 5 . cltl/ Qm lqmofsnfk;lxt ljBfnon] u'0f: t/ Lo lzIff lbPsf] 5 . pQm cj;/ df ljBfno cf;kf;sf 5j6f 6f] nn] : yfgLo e] ife'iff;lxt emf“sL k|bz{g u/ ] sf lyP . yf?, du/ nufotsf klxrfg lbg] ;f+ : s[ l ts kf] zfsdf ;lhPsfx?sf] ¥ofnL ljBfno, l6Kk/ / f] 8, ;] jf/ vf] nf, gof“ j;kfs{ x'“b} ljBfno k'u] sf] lyof] . pgLx?dWo] pTs[i6 k|yd k|ultgu/ / låtLo cGgk"0f{ 6f] nnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/ Psf] lyof] . ljBfyL{sf snf sf} zn

x] g{ cfPsf cleefjsx?nfO{ of] uf, t] SjfGbf] , sIff @ df cWog/ t ;ldk k'gn] snf sf} zn k|: t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

Psn tyf o'un g[To k|: t'lt u/]/ ljBfyL{x?n] cleefjsnfO{ cfslif{t u/ ] . ;fy} k|e'/ fd rf} w/ Ln] hfb' / dlxnf lzIfsn] ;fd'lxs g[To k|bz{g u/ ] sf lyP . o;} u/ L lzIfs ljBfyL{nfO{ xf} ;nf k|bfg ug{ ;df/f]xdf ljleGg k'/:sf/ tyf ;Ddfg ul/ Psf] lyof] . pTs[i6 lzIfs ;+uLtf k'g, sd{rf/ L rGb|axfb'/ af] x/ fnfO{ bf] ;Nnf tyf sb/ kqn] ;Ddfg ul/ Psf] lyof] . o;} u/ L uf] bfj/ L pTs[i6 ;] jf k' / : sf/ ljBfyL{ n fO{ k|bfg ul/ Psf] lyof] . lgoldt pkl: yt x'g] ljBfyL{ ;+/ rgf hLPd, cg' z fl;t sl: dsf yfkf, ;/ ;kmfOdf pTs[ i 6 sdn e08f/ LnfO{ sb/ kqn] ;Ddfg ul/ Psf] lyof] . d"n u] 6 k|j] z;“u} lj1fg / snf k|bz{gL / fv] / ;a} cltly tyf

cleefjsnfO{ ljBfyL{sf Ifdtf cjnf]sgsf] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] lyof] . ;ef: ynsf] blIf0fL kvf{ n df ljBfnon] jif{ l bg u/ ] sf ljljw lqmofsnfksf] tl: j/ / flvPsf] lyof] . ljBfnodf k| b z{ g ul/ Psf ;Dk"0f{ b[Zo cjnf] sg u/ ] sf cltlyn] ljBfnosf] k|ultsf] k| z + ; f u/ ] . x/ ] s jQmfn] ultljlwn] v'zL agfPsf] eGb} wGojfb lbP . ;f] cj;/ df o; If] qsf k'/fgf c+u]|hL lzIfs gf/fo0fl;+x k' g , KofA;g n' l DagLsf sf] iffWoIf cd/ ;'j] bL, KofJ;g 3f] / fxL cWoIf jL/ ] Gb| rGb, bLklzvf dfljsf cWoIf gf/ fo0f zdf{, dflj a/ fxIf] qsf lzIfs x's'daxfb'/ lh;L, / dgf kf7zfnfsf lk| l G;kn lji0f' xdfnnufotn] z' e sfdgf dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf : jfut z] o/ ;b: o a'l4/ fd zdf{n] / ;~rfng z]o/ ;b: o a'l4k|sfz cfrfo{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

n}+lus lx+;flj?4 5q]Zj/Ldf ;fd"lxs k|lta4tfdf x:tfIf/ o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf

lx+;f gug{] , g;xg] / ePsf] b] v] df cfjfh p7fpg] k|lta4tf ;Nofg, !@ d+l;/ . u/ ] sf x'g\ . ufp“kflnsfsf ;Nofgsf] 5q] Zj/ L cWoIf cf] haxfb'/ a'9fyf] sL, ufp“kflnsfdf hgk|ltlglw, pkfWoIf a'4s'df/ L vqL, sd{rf/ L tyf : yfgLo k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t gful/ sx?n] n} +lus lx+;flj?4 u'?k|;fb of] uL, j8f g+= ^ sf ;fd"lxs k|lta4tfdf x: tfIf/ cWoIf 6Lsf/ fd a'9fnufot u/ ] sf 5g\ . sd{rf/ L tyf ;j{;fwf/ 0fn] n} +lus lx+;flj?4sf] !^ lx+;flj?4 ;fd"lxs k|lta4tf lbg] cleofgcGtu{t d+unaf/ hgfPsf x'g\ . 5q] Zj/ L

ufp“kflnsfcGtu{t jf; OsfO{sf] cfof] hgfdf ;fd"lxs x: tfIf/ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/ Psf] jf; ;+of] hs gLd/ fh s] ;Ln] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?n] ;dfhdf 5f] / f / 5f] / L b'a} a/ fa/ L eGg] ;f] rnfO{ cfTd;ft ub} { n} +lus lx+;flj?4 Jofks hgr] tgf hufpg cfjZos / x] sf] atfPsf lyP .

;'gsf] d"No clxn];Dds} pRr sf7df8f} +, !@ d+l;/ -o';_– cGt/ f{li6«o ahf/ df ;'gsf] d"No a9] ;“u} : yfgLo ahf/ df klg To;sf] k|efj k/ ] sf] 5 . g] kfn ;'grf“bL Joj;foL dxf;+3sf cg';f/ 5fkfjfn ;'gsf] d"No k|lttf] nf Ps nfv !& xhf/ ;ft ;o / t] hfaL ;'gsf] d"No k|lttf] nf Ps nfv !& xhf/ Ps ;o %) sfod ePsf] 5 . ;f] daf/ 5fkfjfn ;'gsf] d"No k|lttf] nf Ps nfv !& xhf/ rf/ ;o / t] hfaL ;'gsf] d"No k|lttf] nf Ps nfv !^ xhf/ cf7 ;o %) df sf/ f] af/ ePsf] lyof] . o;} u/ L, k|lttf] nf rf“bLsf] d"No Ps xhf/ kf“r ;o lgwf{/ 0f ePsf] 5 .

aSof}tf /sd a'emfPkl5 dGqfnodf hf]l8of] ljB't b] pv'/ L, !@ d+l;/ -o';_– n'lDagL k|b] z ;/ sf/ : jf: Yo dGqfnodf ljB't h8fg ul/ Psf] 5 . : jf: Yo dGqfnosf] gfddf a'6jndf ld6/ h8fg ePsf] / Toxf“sf] / sd e'QmfgL gePkl5 / fKtL pkTosf b] pv'/ Ldf / x] sf] dGqfnosf] ljB't sg] S;g sfl6Psf] lyof] . dGqfnon] d+unaf/ b'O{ nfv ** xhf/ tLg ;o %& ?k} of“ dx;'n a'emfPsf] 5 . g] kfn ljB't k|flws/ 0fsf] a'6jn sfof{nodf k'u] / dx;'n a'emfPkl5 ljB't h8fg ul/ Psf] g] kfn ljB't k|flws/ 0f ndxL zfvfsf k|d'v o'j/ fh / fjtn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . dGqfnonfO{ a'6jndf ljB't dx;'n aSof} tf / x] sf] ljifodf hfgsf/ L glbP/ PSsf;L bfªdf / x] sf] dGqfnosf] nfOg sfl6Psf] dGqfnon] hgfPsf] lyof] . / fKtL pkTosfdf h8fg ePsf] ld6/ sf] Ps ?k} of“ aSof} tf gx“'bf klg nfOg sfl6Pkl5 ;d: of ePsf] lyof] . / fKtL pkTosf b] pv'/ Ldf / x] sf] dGqfnodf d+l;/ % ut] ljB't sfl6Psf] lyof] .

v'zLsf] va/ xfdLsxfF ljjfx, kf6L{, uf]i7Lsf] nflu k~r]] afhfsf] Joj:yf 5 . ;fy} l;nfO{ ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd ul/G5 .

k"hf 6]n;{

;Dks{ M (*!)((*$^*, (*@@*^*(*@

3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf

!% g+= j8f sfof{no

3f]/fxL, bfª n'lDagL k|b]z, g]kfn

!% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf † 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ kflnsf j8f g+= !% a: g] l/ df jnLn] 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ kflnsf j8f g+= !% dxfnIdL 6f] ndf / x] sf] d] / f] gfddf btf{ / x] sf] 3/ sf] Pp6f sf] 7f 7] ufgf yfxf gePsf] ;/ h' 7s'/ L gfdsf] JolQmn] ldlt @)*).)!.)& ut] b] lv ef8fdf lnO{ k|of] u ub} { cfPsf] xfn;Ddsf] ef8f, kfgL lah'nLsf] lan ;d] t glbO{ sf] 7f aGb u/ L ;Dks{ ljxLg ePsf] n] pQm ef8fdf uPsf] ;6/ sf] tfnf v'nfO{ vfnL ug{sf nflu cfjZos ;xhLs/ 0f ul/ lbg'x'g egL o; sfof{nodf lgj] bg lbg'ePsf] n] lgj] bssf] pNn] lvt 3/ sf] sf] 7fdf nfu] sf] tfnf vf] nL sf] 7f vfnL ug] { ;DaGwdf of] !% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/ Psf] 5 . ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq j8f sfof{nodf cfO{ ;Dks{ ug'{xf] nf . cGoyf lgodfg';f/ tfnf vf] Ng] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOg] 5 .

j8f cWoIf

cfhsf] /fzLkmn nIdLwf/f Hof]ltif s]Gb| @)*).)*.!# ut] a'wjf/ ltlyM dfu{ s[i0f låtLof, gIf]q M d[ulz/f

t'nf -/f,/L,?,/],/f] ,tf,tL,t",t] _M

j[if -O{,pm,P,cf] ,jf,lj,j",j] ,jf] _M

j[lZrs -tf] ,gf,gL,g",g] ,gf] ,of,oL,o"_M

cfDbfgLsf ;|f]t / 1fg ljBfnfO{ km/flsnf] kfg{ ;lsg]5 .

ldy'g -sf,sL,s",3,ª,5,s] ,sf] ,x_M

sd{rf/L t'?Gt cfjZostf M Lab Assistant -dlxnf ! hgf_

ef/t )(!–(!@%&^^&)&

d]if -r",r] ,rf] ,nf,nL,n",n] ,nf] ,c_M

k|oTg ubf{ k'/fgf sdL sdhf]/L ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

3f]/fxL, bfª -3f]/fxLsf] t'n;Lk'/rf]s dx/f k]6«f]n kDkaf6 leqhfg] uNnLdf_

Hof]= k+= 8f= e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8] ;b:o– g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb\ df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%!

efUon] ;fy lbg]5 . cj;/x? h'g]{5g\ .

:jf:Yodf ;d:of / k'/fgf ;d:ofx?sf] cndn /xg ;S5 .

wg' -o] ,of] ,ef,eL,e",w,kmf,9f,e] _M

/dfOnf] hd36sf aLr :jflib6 ef]hg, ;'v h'g{ ;Sg]5 .

kl/jf/hgn] ;fy b]nfg\ . ;f}v k"/f ug{ ;lsg]5 .

;/;fk6 / lt/gtf/gsf sfo{df wg aflxl/g ;Sg]5 .

/f]lsPsf sfd cufl8 a9\gfn] pT;fx hfUg]5 .

ss{6 -xL,x",x] ,xf] ,8f,8L,8",8] ,8f] _M

ds/ -ef] ,hf,hL,h",h] ,hf],vf,vL,v",v] ,vf] ,uf,uL_M

l;+x -df,dL,d",d],df],6f,6L,6",6] _M

s'De -u",u] ,uf] ,;,;L,;',;] ,;f] ,b_M

sGof -6f],k,kL,k",if,0f,7,k],kf] _M

dLg -bL,b",y,em,~f,b] ,bf] ,rf,rL_M

k|fKt /sd tTsfn} vr{g'knf{, ;/;fk6 / shf{ cflbaf6 wg h'6\g ;S5 . k|e'Tj, dfg ;Ddfg k|fKt / /fd|f] sfdsf] hu /fVg ;lsg]5 .

8fx ug]{ afgL ePsfn] sfddf cj/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . ul/Psf sd{sf] plrt k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g ;Sg]5 .

;dfrf/

/fKtLdf s's'/sf] aGWofs/0f lzlj/ z'? o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf efn'afª, !@ d+l;/ . bfªsf] / fKtL ufp“kflnsfn] kflnsf If]qleq /x]sf s's/' x?sf] :yfoL aGWofs/ 0f z'? u/ ] sf] 5 . kflnsf If] qdf ;fd'bflos s' s ' / sf] ;+ V of a9L eO{ 3/ kfn'jf kz'rf} kfonfO{ ;d] t Iflt k'¥ofpg yfn] kl5 lzlj/ ;~rfng u/ ] / aGWofs/ 0f ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . ufp“kflnsfn] e]6]/]g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;]jf lj1 s]Gb| bfª;“usf] ;xsfo{ Pj+ lxdfnog Plgdn / ] : So" sf] if kf] v/ fsf] k|fljlws ;xof] udf j8f g+=$ sf] uf] kLgfnfl: yt kz' pkrf/ s] Gb|df aGWofs/ 0f lzlj/ ;~rfng u/ ] sf] 5 . o;} aLr aGWofs/ 0f lzlj/ sf] ;f] daf/ pb\3f6g ul/ Psf] 5 . / fKtL ufp“kflnsf j8f g+=$ sf cWoIf jL/ axfb'/ rf} w/ Lsf] cWoIftf tyf ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf k|sfz lji6sf] k|d'v cfltYotf Pj+ n'lDagL k|b] z ;/ sf/ sf s[lif tyf e"ld Joj: yf dGqfnosf ;lrj ofdgf/ fo0f b] jsf] 6fsf] ljlzi6 cfltYotfdf lzlj/ pb\3f6g ul/ Psf] xf] . pb\3f6g

sfo{ q mddf af] Nb} / fKtL ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf k|sfz lji6n] ;fd'bflos s's'/ x?sf] Joj: yfkg ug] { atfpg'eof] . n'lDagL k|b] z ;/ sf/ sf s[lif tyf e"ld Joj: yf dGqfnosf ;lrj ofd gf/ fo0f b] jsf] 6fn] 3/ df kfn] sf s' s ' / x?nfO{ a] nf–a] nfdf / ] ljh lj?4sf] EoflS;g nufpg] u/ ] tfklg ;fd'bflos s's'/ x¿sf] pkrf/ ;/ sf/ n] ug'{kg] { atfpg'eof] . kz' lrlsT;s k| l tdf lji6n] ;fd' b flos s' s ' / sf] ;+Vofdf sdL Nofpg / / ] lahsf] k|sf] k Go"gLs/ 0f ug{ aGWofs/ 0f / / ] ljh vf] k lzlj/ n] ;xof] u k'Ug] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf / fKtL ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= @

sf cWoIf kxnjfg rf} w/ L, kflnsfsf k| d ' v k| z f;sLo clws[t g] jaxfb'/ cf] nL, j8f ;b: ox¿ / f] zg rf} w/ L, rDkmf k'g, lxdfnog Plgdn /]:So" sf]if kf] v/ fsf k|d'v vu] Zj/ zdf{, kz' pkrf/ s] Gb| uf] kLgfnfsf k|d'v sdn k'g du/ nufotsf] ;xeflutf lyof] . kz' zfvf k|d'v hLj/ fh kf}8]nsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f kz' zfvfsf clws[t bfdf] b/ cfrfo{n] ug{' ePsf] lyof] . lzlj/ df 6f] n–6f] ndf k' u ] / s's'/ nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lng] / aGWofs/ 0f ug] { sfd eO/ x] sf] 5 . lzlj/ d+l;/ !^ ut] ;Dd ;~rfng x'g] 5 .

e"sDkkLl8tsf nflu tTsfn c: yfoL cfjf; lgdf{0f ug'{kg] { o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf

zdf{n] ljleGg lgsfo c: yfoL cfjf; lgdf{0fdf nfu] sf] ?s'd, !@ d+l;/ . atfp“b} c: yfoL a;f] af;sf] k"j{cy{dGqL hgfb{g zdf{n] Joj: yfsf lglDt kof{Kt e"sDkk|efljt If] qdf Ps ;|f] t;fwg / hgzlQm gePsf] xKtfleq c: yfoL cfjf; u'gf;f] ug'{eof] . …lr;f] lgs} lgdf{0f ul/ ;Sg'kg] {df hf] 8 a9\b} uPsf] 5, kfgL k¥of] lbg'ePsf] 5 . eg] dxfdf/ Lsf] hf] lvd x'G5, lbgk|ltlbg lr;f] a9\b} clxn] sf] d'Vo k|fyldstf uPsf] / lr;f] sf sf/ 0f eg] sf] c: yfoL cfjf; lgdf{0f e"sDkkLl8t ;d: ofdf kb} { xf] , lqkfnn] lr;f] 5Ng ;s] sf] uPsfn] Ps xKtfleq #) xhf/ 5} gÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof] . c: yfoL af;: yfg agfpg'kg] { ;/ sf/ n] c: yfoL 6x/ f atfpg'ePsf] xf] . ?s'd lgdf{0fsf nflu / sd lgsf;f klZrd k'u] sf] / fli6«o;ef u/ ] sf] eP klg kflnsfx¿af6 cGtu{tsf] / fli6«o ;/ f] sf/ cem} klg sfuhft gcfPsf tyf ;dGjo ;ldlt;“usf] sf/ 0f Tof] / sdn] c: yfoL 5nkmndf k|ltlglw;ef ;b: o 6x/ f lgdf{0fdf ljnDa ePsf]

k"j{dGqL zdf{n] atfpg'eof] . o;} aLr / fli6«o;ef, / fli6«o ;/ f] sf/ tyf ;dGjo ;ldltn] e"sDkk|efljt If] qdf tLgj6} txsf ;/ sf/ aLr ;dGjo x'g g;s] sf] atfPsf] 5 . p4f/ tyf / fxtdf tLg} txsf ;/ sf/ aLr s] xL ;dGjo ePsf] ] b] lvP klg k'gMlgdf{0f / c: yfoL cfjf; sfo{qmddf eg] Tolt ;dGjo gePsf] ;ldltn] l6Kk0fL u/ ] sf] 5 . ;ldltsf ;efklt lbns'df/ L / fjn yfkfn] e"sDkk|efljt If] qdf / fxt, p4f/ / k'gMlgdf{0fsf] sfddf tLg} txsf ;/ sf/ aLrsf] ;dGjo ckl/ xfo{ ePsf] ] atfpg'eof] .

Thabang Rural Municipality

Office of the Rural Municipal Executive

Enhanced Skills for Sustainable and Rewarding Employment (ENSSURE) Project Phase-II Thabang, Rolpa

Request for Expression of Interest (EoI)

for Short-listing of Training Providers (TPs) Date of First Publication: 2080/08/13 Notice No.: 28/080/081 Financing Agency: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) 1. Enhanced Skills for Sustainable and Rewarding Employment (ENSSURE)-II is a bilateral initiative of the Government of Nepal (GoN) and the Government of Switzerland implemented by 3 tiers of government at Federal, Provincial and Local level with technical assistance from Helvetas Nepal. The overall goal of the project is to contribute to the improved living standard of Nepalese workers, particularly from disadvantaged groups, to benefit from continuous employment.

2. Thabang Rural Municipality now invites Expression of Interest (EOI) from interested eligible Consultant or TPs to train 20 participants in Professional Cook under Training with OJT in FY 2080/081 as mentioned in the Terms of Reference (TOR).

3. The training should be based on the minimum standards outlined in the CTEVT approved curriculum and National Occupational Skill Standards (NOSS) of the National Skills Testing Board (NSTB).

4. Interested eligible Consultant or TPs may obtain EOI document at website of municipality https://www.thabangmun.gov.np.

5. The training events must be conducted in the venue/s having adequate training facilities for the proposed occupation/s. Conducting trainings in temporary (Mobile based) settings are not allowed and it should be conducted in the suitable location of Thabang, Rolpa.

6. Documents of the experience and other evidence copies of certificates shall be duly self-attested.

7. Expressions of interest can submit the hardcopy at municipality on or before 2080/8/28 at 12.00 pm.

8. If the last date of Obtaining and Submission falls on a government holiday, then the next working day shall be considered as the last date.

9. Submitted Expressions of interest (EOI) will be opened in the presence or absence of consultant or TPs representatives who choose to attend on 2080/08/28, 2:00 PM at the office of Rural Municipal Executive.

10. EOI will be assessed based on Qualification (35%), Experience (50%) and Capacity (15%) of the Training Providers and Key Personnel. Based on evaluation of EOI, only short-listed firms will be invited to submit Technical and Financial Proposal through Request of Proposal (RFP).

11. Minimum score to pass the EOI is 60 points.

12. Rural Municipal Executive reserves the right to shortlist or not shortlist any or all the applicant(s) without assigning any reason whatsoever.

Chief Administrative Officer

CMYK

$

@)*) ;fn d+l;/ !# ut] a'wjf/ (Nov. 29, 2023) lh=k|zf=sf= bfª b=g+= @!÷)%%÷)%^

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afaf cfdf bfh'efO ;DaGw c+z lbP klg hfFb}g w]/}n] >LdtLnfO{ bdgdf /fv]sf x'G5g\

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jLgf / f] sf / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\ bfª zfvf u/ ] sf] b] lvGg . ;fdflhs ?kdf c;dfgtf klg x6\b} uPsf] 5 . dflyNnf kbdf dlxnfx? klg a: g'ePsf] 5 . o;n] dlxnf cfkm} hfu?s x'g'kg] { b] lvG5 . hfu?s, 1fgL, k9] n] v] sf] eGGg] df dfq} xf] Og ;sf/ fTds ;f] r klg rflxof] . 1fg k|fKt 5 ;b'kof] u ub} {g eg] Tof] gsf/ fTds ;f] Fr xf] . To: tf] 1fg / ;f] rn] b'3{6gf lgDTofpg ;S5 . cem vt/ gfs lx+;fdf n} hfG5 .

cfbz{sf s'/f ug]{s} 3/af6 z'? ug'{k5{ n} +lus lx+;fsf] af/ ] df h: tf] ;'s} sfg'g ag] klg cfbz{sf ukmdf dfq} ;Lldt / x] sf 5g\ . 3/ , kl/ jf/ / ;dfhaf6 sfg'gsf] kfngf ug] { sfd ePsf] 5} g . o;n] ubf{ lx+;f / lx/ x] sf 5g\ . clxn] ;fdfGo eGbf dWod / wgL kl/ jf/ df n} +lus lx+;f a9L 5 . k} ;f ;j] {;jf{ xf] eGg] x?n] k} ;fsf nflu h] klg ug{ yfn] sf 5g\ . h: tf] ;'s} sfd u/ ] klg k} ;f Nofpg'k5{ eGg] unt ;f] r 5 . k} ;f sdfO;s] sfn] >LdtLnfO{ gf] s/ sf] ?kdf, ;] jssf] ?kdf leœofpg] ul/ G5 . ;xofqL xf] eg] / a/ fa/ Lsf] bhf{df / fVg] sfd ul/ a kl/ jf/ df dfq} kfOG5 . ;fdflhs If] qsf cu'jfn] klg dlxnf lx+;f cGTo x'g'k5{ eG5g\ . 7"nf kbdf eg] k'?if} / xg'k5{ eGg] 5 . cfkm"nfO{ hfGg] a'em\g] ;a} yfxf kfpg] 7fG5g\ / dlxnfnfO{ ca'em eg] / sfo{sf/ L kb lbb} gg\ . ;dfhn] dlxnf cl3 a9\g'k5{ eG5 t/ / fd|f] kb s'g} xfntdf klg lbb} gg\ . kqklqsfdf klg k'?ifsf kmf] 6f

hg:t/af6==== cWoIf gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{n] hg: t/ af6 p7] sf] zflGtsf] lju'nnfO{ ljZjJofkL agfpg ;a} Psh'6 x'g'kg] { wf/ 0ff / fVg'eof] . sfo{qmddf al/ i7 clwjQmf 8f= uf] kfn l;jfsf] 6L lrGtg / n] vs kqsf/ gf/ fo0f kf} 8] nn] af} 4 bz{g / ljZj zflGt / 8f= Zofd Gof} kfg] n] a'4 / zflGt ljifos sfo{kq k|: t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{kqdfly ljleGg If] qsf JolQmx?n] l6Kk0fL ug'{ePsf] lyof] . uf] i7Ldf ;xdfuL ;a} h;f] n] b] zdf czflGtsf sf/ 0f klxNofp“b} ;a} vfnsf lje] b, xTof, lx+;f, / f] Sg, wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf sfod u/ fpg, d'n's / hgtfsf] ;jf] {Qd lxtsf nflu zflGtsf] dfu{df ;a} nfO{ Ps 7fp“ Nofpg] u/ L ;xsfo{ ug] { k|lta4tf JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . uf] i7Lsf] ;xhLs/ 0f n'lDagL afª\do k|lti7fgsf cWoIf Clif cfhfbn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

tkfO{+sf] 3/df ljjfx 5 < ljjfx sf8{, z'e ljjfxsf] Aofg/sf] nflu M (*$&(^(**^ 6]G6 klg rflxPdf M ;Dks{ M (*$$(!(*(* l8=h]= sf] nflu M ;Dks{ M (*$&(^^#^* hGtLsf] nflu :sf/lkof] uf8L / gj bDktLnfO{ awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf 5kfpgsf] nflu M ;Dks{ (*%&*$)@$!

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n+} lus lx+;fdf dlxnf lx+;f a9L b] lvG5 . 3/ , kl/ jf/ , l5d] sLnufot x/ ] s 7fp“af6 s] xL g s] xL lx+;f ePs} x'G5 . w] / } n] >LdtLnfO{ bdgdf / fv] sf x'G5g\ . sxL+ st} sfd} k/] klg lx8\g 3'Dg lbb} gg\ . d] nf dxf] T;jdf hfg lbb} gg\ . cfkm"eg] x/ avt 8'n] s} x'G5g\, Tof] lje] b xf] . cfkm\g} ;fyL;“u e] 6\g, xf“: g, af] Ng kfO“b} g eg] / 3/ df y'g] / / fVg] sfd >Ldfg / kl/ jf/ n] u/ ] sf] e] l6G5 . cfkm" rf} la;} 306f hf“8 / S;Lsf] s'ntdf x'G5g\ . cfkm"n] u/ ] sf] 7Ls, >LdtLn] u/ ] sf] a] 7Ls eG5g\ . To;} n] 3/ leq x'g] n} +lus lx+;f x6fP/ ;dfgtf sfod ug{ h?/ L 5 . clxn] wfld{s : yn, ljBfno, ;fj{hlgs ;df/ f] xdf Tolt w] / } e] befj u/ ] sf] e] l6b} g . o;;“u} dlxnfn] klg slt af] Ng] , s;/ L af] Ng] , s'g p2] Zon] af] Ng] h: tf s'/ fdf Wofg lbg h?/ L 5 . h] ubf{ cfkm" / 3/ kl/ jf/ nfO{ / fd|f] x'G5 ToxL ug] { xf] . 3/ kl/ jf/ etfe'+u nyfln+u kfg] { sfd ug'{x'“b} g . sltkon]

ljdnf 3tL{ du/ sf] OnL ;d"xsf pkfWoIf 3f] / fxL– !! u0f] zk'/ uNtL u/ ] s} 5g\ . cfkm'n] uNtL u/ ] / cfkm} cbfntdf ;DaGw ljR5] b u/ ] sf klg e] l6G5g\ . sltkon] nf] Ug] sf] sdfO ;DklQ p7fP/ larNnL kf/ ] sf 5g\ . ljb] zaf6 3/ df cfp“bf s] lx ge] l6Pkl5 ?b} s/ fp“b} lx8\g] k'?if klg 5g\ . To;/ L pgLx?sf] b'MvnfO{ b'?kof] u ul/ lbg' k'?ifdfly lx+;f xf] . ;dfhdf ;'xfpg] sfd klg ug'{k5{ . kmf] g rnfpg] xf] To;af6 klg w] / } s'/ f hflgG5 . t/ 3/ af/ eTsfpg] , ;DklQ p8fpg] , afnaRrfnfO{ larNnL kfg] { sfd ug] { xf] Og .

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e] nf ug{] lg0f{o u/ ] sf] ;+3sf dxf;lrj dx] Gb| a'9fyf] sLn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . e] nf ;+3sf] xndf cfof] hgf ul/ g] ePsf] 5 . e] nfdf lhNnfsf : yfgLo tx, pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3, kqsf/ dxf;+3, lhNnfdf lqmofzLn / fhgLlts bn, gful/ s ;dfh tyf ;/ f] sf/ jfnf ;+3;+: yfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf 5nkmn ul/ g] ePsf] 5 . a} 7s ;+3sf cWoIf j;Gt hf] zLsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] lyof] .

e"sDkaf6 Ps nfv @* xhf/ gf} ;o !& hgf k|efljt ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . e"sDkkl5 k|efljt hf] lvd hg;+Vof @@ xhf/ b'O{ ;o 5 / x] sf] 5 . kf“r jif{d'lgsf !@ xhf/ rf/ ;o rf/ afnaflnsf k|efljt ePsf 5g\ eg] Ps xhf/ cf7 ;o *# ue{jtL lqkfndf a: g afWo 5g\ . To;} u/ L Ps xhf/ &^ hgf ;'Ts] / L lqkfnsf] ;xf/ fdf v'nf cfsfzd'lg a: g afWo 5g\ .

Ps xhf/ cf7 ;o #@ bL3{/ f] uL, cf7 ;o %) hgf ckf+utf ePsf JolQm klg ;d: ofdf 5g\ . k"0f{¿kdf !% j6f : jf: Yo ;+: yfdf Iflt k'u] sf] 5 eg] cf+lzs %% j6fdf Iflt ePsf] 5 . ljj/ 0f cem} ;+sng x'“b} d+l;/ & ut] leq kflnsfn] Ifltsf] ljj/ 0f lhNnf ljkt\ Joj: yfkg ;ldltnfO{ k7fpg cg'/ f] w u/ ] klg cem} ljj/ 0f cfpg ;s] sf] 5} g . kflnsfn] eg] d+l;/ !) ut] ;Dd ljj/ 0f k7fpg ;do dfu u/ ] sf lyP . 5l/ P/ / x] sf 3/ , Ps 7fp“af6 csf] { 7fp“df k'Ug w] / } ;do nfUg] ePsfn] tYof+s ;+sng ug{ ;do nfu] sf] kflnsfsf k|d'vn] atfPsf 5g\ . k6s–k6s ablng] sfo{ljlwsf sf/ 0f klg tYof+s ;+sngdf ljnDa ePsf] : yfgLo txn] atfPsf 5g\ . casf] b'O{ lbgleq ;a} ljj/ 0f cfpg] ;Defjgf / x] sf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no hfh/ sf] 6sf k|zf;sLo clws[t zdf{n] atfpg'eof] .

/ / fOlhª lj Plko/ Ln] 3f/ / df} / LhGo pks/ 0f pTkfbg u/ ] / a] Rg] sfd klg u5{g\ . o;} aLr bfªdf / fgf] df} / Lsf] ;d: of sfod} / x] sf] df} / Lla1 atfp“5g\ . )%* ;fndf g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] cd] l/ sf / ci6«] lnofaf6 NofPsf] df} / Lsf] / fgf] sf] k': tfn] clxn] ;Dd bfªsf] df} / L Joj;fo wflgPsf] 5 . s[lif 1fg s] Gb|sf df} / L lj1 ?b|dl0f kf} 8] nn] lbPsf] hfgsf/ Lcg';f/ To;kl5 bfªdf / fgf] df} / L NofOPsf] 5} g . h;sf sf/ 0f pTkfbgdf x|f; cfO/ x] sf] 5 . z'?df Tof] / fgf] af6 Ps 3f/ df k|ltjif{ $) s] hL hlt dx pTkfbg x'g] u/ ] sf] df clxn] qmdzM 36\b} uP/ @*–#) s] hLdf em/ ] sf] 5 . ;/ sf/ L Wofg k'u] g ufp“3/ df df} / L r/ fpg n} hf“bf ls;fgn] ljiffbL l56\g] cj: yf / x] sf] df} / L Joj;foL atfp“5g\ . df} / Ln] k/ fu;] rg ubf{{ afnLnfO{ kmfObf x'G5 eGg] ;f] rsf] ljsf; ls;fgdf 5} g . df} / Ln] tf] / L vfOlbG5g\ eGg] vfnsf] r] tgf : t/ ePsf ls;fgsf nflu ;r] tgfsf sfo{qmd ;/ sf/ L lgsfon] gNofPsf] df} / L Joj;foLsf] u'gf;f] 5 . s[lif 1fg s] Gb| / k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/ 0f kl/ of] hgfsf] df} / L hf] gsf df} / L;DaGwL ljleGg sfo{qmd eP klg ;r] tgfsf sfo{qmd eg] gePsf] sfof{no : jLsf5{ . df} / L hf] gsL k|fljlws ;xfos gf/ fo0fL 3tL{n] hf] gn] df} / L r/ fpgsf nflu 9'jfgL, df} / L ;fdu|L vl/ b / ;fgf d] l;g/ L cf} hf/ vl/ bdf %) k|ltzt cg'bfg lbg] u/ ] klg s[ifs ;r] tgfsf sfd eg] gePsf] atfpg'x'G5 . s[lif 1fg s] Gb|sf afnL ;+/ If0f clws[t Pj+ df} / Llj1 ?b|dl0f kf} 8] nn] df} / L ;DaGwL hgr] tgf d"ns sfd s[lif ljsf; lgb] {zgfnon] u/ ] klg lhNnf : t/ af6 gePsf] : jLsfg'{x'G5 . pxf“n] sfof{non] df} / L ;DaGwL kof{Kt sfo{qmd ;] 6 ug{ g;s] sf] pNn] v ub} { To;df Wofg lbg h?/ L / x] sf] atfpg'eof] .

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