२०८० साल माघ २७ गते शनिवार

CMYK

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ci6«]lnof, Sofg8f, o'=s]=, o'/f]k, hfkfg :6'8]06 leiffdf hfg tyf :6'8]06;Fu l8k]G8]G6 leiffdf hfgsf] nflu xfdLnfO{ ;Dks{ ug'{xf];\ .

P= O{G6/g]zgn sG;N6]G;L k|f=ln=

eujfg jxfn sf7df8f}+, g]kfn ;Dks{ g+=M (&^(&&@(@#

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k|zf;gsf kmfOn k|x/Ldf

dtflwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ cfof] usf] rf;f] sf7df8f} +, @^ df3 -o';_– k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm lbg] zs'df/ yklnofn] ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] lgb] {zgfTds cfb] zadf] lhd ljb] zdf / x] sf g] kfnL dtbftfsf] dtflwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ cfof] u tTk/ / x] sf] ] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . cbfntn] @)&$ r} t & ut] pQm cfb] z lbPsf] lyof] . ;+;bdf / x] sf / fhgLlts bn;“u z'qmaf/ cfof] udf ePsf] k/ fdz{ a} 7sdf k|d'v cfo'Qm yklnofn] pQm ;jfn;d] tnfO{ ;Daf] wg u/ L lgjf{rg Joj: yfkg ljw] ossf] d: of} bf ut c;f/ !* ut] g] kfn ;/ sf/ , u[x dGqfnodf k] z ul/ Psf] df xfn;Dd ;bgdf k|: t't gePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] ljleGg txdf l/ Qm kbdf x'g] pklgjf{rgdf dtflwsf/ j[l4 ug{ gfdfjnLdf btf{ x'g'kg] {df hf] 8 lbg'eof] .

lhDd] jf/ L glbP klg ld6/ Aofh ;DaGwL d'2f x] g{nfO{ dlGqkl/ ifb\n] lhDdf lbP cg';f/ u[x dGqfnon] k|x/ LnfO{ ld6/ Aofh ;DaGwL d'2f btf{ u/ ] / cg';Gwfg ug{ ;s{'n/ u/ ] sf] lyof] . u[x dGqfnon] tof/ u/ ] sf] sfo{ljlw dlGqkl/ ifb\n] kf; u/ ] ;“u} k|x/ Ln] ;f] lhDd] jf/ L kfPsf] xf] . sfo{ljlwdf ld6/ Aofh;DaGwL ph'/ Ldf k|x/ Ln] …ldnfkqÚ klg u/ fpg ;Sg] Joj: yf 5 . lhNnfdf ld6/ Aofh kLl8tsf] ?kdf ph'/ L lbPsfx¿ ;Dks{df gcfp“bf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nonfO{ b'a} kIfnfO{ / fv] / 5nkmn u/ fpg} ;s; ePsf] lyof] . rf/ ;o #% ph'/ Ldf 5nkmn u/ fpg k|of; ul/ P klg tLg ;o &* ld6/ Aofh kLl8tsf] ?kdf ph'/ L lbPsfx¿ ;Dks{d} cfPsf lyPgg\ . k|x/ LnfO{ kmfOn a'emfpg'cl3 rf/ ;o %@ hDdf ph'/ LdWo] Ps ;o !( j6fsf] dfq} b'a} kIfnfO{ / fv] / 5nkmn u/ fOPsf] lyof] . h;df %! ph'/ Ldf ldnfkq ;d] t eO;s] sf] 5 . @# j6f ph'/ Ldf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf ePsf] 5nkmndf lrQ ga'emL cbfnt uPsf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf ld6/ Aofhsf] ph'/ L x] l/ / xg'ePsf vl/ bf/ zDe' cfrfo{n] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf k/ ] sf rf/ ;o %@ ph'/ LdWo] (! ph'/ Lstf{sf] ;f] xL ljifod} cbfntaf6 km} ;nf cfO;s] sf] tyf ljrf/ fwLg ;d] t / x] sf] ,

ld6/ Aofhsf cgnfOg ph'/ Ldf lnPsf] / lbPsf] / sd pNn] v gePsf] , af“sL / sdaf/ ] tyf w] / } df ldlt ;d] t pNn] v gePsf] klg km] nf k/ ] sf] cfrfo{n] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . bfªdf cg'lrt n] gb] g -ld6/ Aofh_ ;DaGwL k/ ] sf] ph'/ Ldf #^ xhf/ ?k} of“b] lv Ps s/ f] 8 $) nfv ?k} of“;Ddsf] sf/ f] af/ u/ ] sf] pNn] v ul/ Psf] 5 . ld6/ Jofh;DaGwL ;d: of ;dfwfg ug{ lhNnfdf b'O{j6f ;ldlt u7g ul/ Psf] lyof] . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/ Lsf] ;+of] hsTjdf lhNnf k|x/ L k|d'v, GofoflwjQmf, g] kfn a} +s lnld6] 8, / fli6«o jfl0fHo a} +s / kLl8tsf k|ltlglw Pshgf / x] sf] lhNnf: t/ Lo Pp6f ;ldlt lyof] eg] ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/ L ;fljqf k'gsf] ;+of] hsTjdf lhNnf k|x/ L sfof{nosf l8P;kL, ;xfos GofoflwjQmfnufot ;b: o / x] sf] ;xof] uL sfo{bn klg u7g ul/ Psf] lyof] . cg'lrt n] gb] g -ld6/ Aofh_ ;DaGwL hf“ra'em cfof] usf] Dofb ;lsP;“u} ul7t ;ldltsf] cl: tTj klg : jtM ;lsPsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/ L / fdaGw' ;'j] bLn] atfpg'eof] . …of] eGbf klxnf cfof] ucGtu{t / x] / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf 5nkmn u/ fO{ d] nldnfk u/ fpg] jf cfjZos sf/ jfxLsf nflu cbfnt k7fpg] eg] lyof] . clxn] cfof] usf] Dofb ;lsPsf] n] g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] sfo{ljlw : jLs[t u/ ] sf] 5Ú – pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …sfo{ljlw cg';f/ ca lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf ljrf/ fwLg / x] sf ;a} cg'lrt n] gb] g jf ld6/ Aofh ;DaGwL ph'/ Lsf] xsdf lhNnf k|x/ L sfof{non] d'2f x] g] {5 eg] k|rlnt P] g sfg'g adf] lhd 5nkmn u/ fpg] u/ L sfo{ljlwdf ljlw klg pNn] v ePsf] 5 . To;} adf] lhd k|x/ Ln] d'2f cufl8 a9fp“5 .Ú pxf“n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf ePsf cg'lrt n] gb] g -ld6/ Aofh_ sf ;a} ph'/ L;lxtsf] clen] v k|x/ LnfO{ a'emfPsf] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . lhNnf k|x/ L sfof{no bfªsf l8P;kL hgsaxfb'/ dNnn] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 cfPsf cg'lrt n] gb] g -ld6/ Aofh_ sf lgj] bgsf] cWoog eO/ x] sf] atfp“b} tf] lsPsf] sfo{ljlw cg';f/ 5nkmn u/ fOg] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . …ld6/ Aofhsf lgj] bg lhNnf k|zf;gaf6 af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

g'g 9'jfgLd} 5 s/f]8 vr{ q s'df/ >] i7

af“s] , @^ df3 . ;fN6 6] «l8ª skf] {/ ] ;g lnld6] 8, g] kfnu~hn] ;fljssf] dWoklZrdsf gf} lhNnfdf jif] {lg g'g 9'jfgLdf dfq} 5 s/ f] 8 ?k} of“ vr{ ug] { u/ ] sf] 5 . x'Dnf, 8f] Nkf, d'u', sfnLsf] 6, h'Dnf, hfh/ sf] 6, / f] Nkf / k"jL{ ?s'd / klZrd ?s'd lhNnfdf g] kfnu~haf6 g'g 9'jfgL x'g] ub{5 . skf] {/ ] ;g g] kfnu~hsf k|d'v dgf] h rf} w/ Lsf cg';f/ , oL lhNnfdf jflif{s #@ xhf/ SjLG6n g'g 9'jfgL x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . s] xL klxnf $) b] lv %) xhf/ SjLG6n g'g 9'jfgL x'g] ub{Yof] . Ps JolQmn] jif{df ^ lsnf] g'g vfG5 . skf] {/ ] ;gn]

!% ?k} of“ kg] { g'g gf} ?k} of“df lbg] u/ ] sf] 5 . / fHon] dx+uf] 9'jfgL vr{ Joxf] / ] / pNn] lvt lhNnfdf g'g k7fO/ x] sf] 5 . g] kfnu~hdf Koflsª u/ ] / g'g k7fpg] ul/ G5 . cem} klg oL gf} lhNnfdf Kofs] 6sf] g'g k|of] u ug] { *) k|ltztdfq} 5g\ . ztk|ltztn] Kofs] 6sf] g'g k|of] u ul/ / x] sf 5} gg\ . ufO{a: t'nfO{ v'jfpg] gfddf l9s] g'g nu] / cfkm} klg vfO/ x] sf 5g\ . kxf8df hg;+Vof 36\b} uPsfn] g'gsf] laqmL 36] sf] 5 . jif{df %) xhf/ SjLG6n;Dd g'g 9'jfgL ug] { skf] {/ ] ;gn] clxn] #@ xhf/ SjLG6ndfq} k7fO/ x] sf] 5 . …kxf8sf ufp“–df dfG5] sd ePsf 5g\ . klxnf hf“bf x/ fe/ f x'g] pAhfp v] t clxn]

af“em} b] lvG5Ú– skf] {/ ] ;gsf k|d'v rf} w/ Ln] eGg'eof] – …w] / } h;f] dflg; t/ fO{lt/ a;fO ;/ ] sf 5g\ . pt} a: g] x? klg sfdsf nflu ef/ t hfg] ub{5g\ . dfG5] g} 36] kl5 g'gsf] k|of] u klg 3l6xfN5 lg .Ú skf] {/ ] ;g g] kfnu~hdf bzhgf sd{rf/ L / @& hgf Koflsª ug] { 5g\ . Ps jif{nfO{ k'Ug] g"g : 6s 5 . o;} aLr, g] kfnu~h pkdxfgu/ kflnsf / ;fN6 6] «l8ª skf] {/ ] ;g g] kfnu~hn] km] a|'c/ L dlxgfnfO{ cfof] l8g dlxgfsf] ?kdf ljljw sfo{qmd u/ ] / dgfpg] ePsf 5g\ . g] kfnu~h pkdxfgu/ kflnsfn] : jf: Yo ;+: yfx?df ;Gb] zd"ns Aofg/ / fVg'sf ;fy} ;] jfu|fxLnfO{

g'gsf] dxTjaf/ ] df a'emfpg] : jf: Yo dxfzfvfsf k|d'v / fdaxfb'/ rGbn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . ;fN6 6] «l8ª skf] {/ ] ;gsf k|d'v rf} w/ Ln] : jf: Yo ;+: yf, : s"n / xf6 ahf/ x?df t'n Aofg/ nufpg] atfpg'eof] . …xfdLn] g"gsf] af/ ] df hfgsf/ L lbg !% 7fp“df t'n Aofg/ nufp“5f} +Ú– rf} w/ Ln] eGg'eof] . g] kfnu~h pk–dxfgu/ kflnsfn] z'qmaf/ cfof] l8g dlxgfdf ug] { sfo{ / g'gsf] af/ ] df kqsf/ ;“u cled'vLs/ 0f u/ ] sf] 5 . : jf: Yo dxfzfvfsf hg: jf: Yo lg/ LIfs t] haxfb'/ jnLn] g'gsf] k|of] u, To;sf] sd / a9L k|of] un] x'g] xfgL gf] S;fgLsf af/ ] df hfgsf/ L u/ fpg'ePsf] lyof] .

@) jif{b]lv kfgLsf] kvf{O q bz/ y l3ld/ ]

b] pv'/ L, @^ df3 . ndxL gu/ kflnsf–# l6s'nLu9 lgjf;L hudf] xg rf} w/ LnfO{ v] taf/ Ldf kfgL s;/ L l;+rfO{ ug{] eGg] ;d: ofn] ;tfp“b} cfPsf] 5 . aiff{t\df cfsfz] kfgLsf] e/ df v] tL ub{} cfpg' ePsf hudf] xgnfO{ clxn] lxp“bdf l;+rfO{ ug] { kfgL gx'“bf v] taf/ L af“emf] 5f] 8\g'kg{] afWotf 5 . 3/ 5] paf6 gf/ fo0fk'/ l;+rfO{ cfof] hgfsf] s'nf] aGb} 5 . em08} @) jif{ cl3af6 l;+rfO{sf] nflu kfgL kv{] / a: g'ePsf hudf] xgsf] l;+rfO{ ug{] ;kgf cem} + cw'/ f] 5 . …aNn s'nf] kSsL x'g yfNof] . slxn] of] ;DkGg xf] nf / s'nf] df kfgL aUnfÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …Tof] s'nf] df au] sf] kfgL v] taf/ L;Dd s;/ L cfO{k'Unf, slxn] s'nf] sf] kfgLn] l;+rfO{ xf] nf . oxL ;f] Rb} lbgx? lat] sf 5g\ .Ú k"j{ klZrd / fhdfu{n] b'O{ efudf af“8] sf] 5 b] pv'/ LnfO{ . / fhdfu{ pQ/ tkm{sf] If] qdf l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf / fd|f] 5} g . / fhdfu{b] lv blIf0f lsgf/ df CMYK

3f]/fxL–!( ysfnLsf]6, ;}3f ;Dks{ g+=M (*^*^(@%)$

(Naya Yugbodh National Daily Feb. 10, 2024)

;fl/ P ld6/ Aofhsf ph'/ L

3f] / fxL, @^ df3 . dlGqkl/ ifb\n] ld6/ Aofh ;DaGwL d'2f x] g] { clwsf/ k|x/ LnfO{ lhDdf lbP;“‘u} bfªsf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf / x] sf cg'lrt n] gb] g -ld6/ Aofh_ ;DaGwL ph'/ Lsf] kmfOn lhNnf k|x/ L sfof{nodf k7fOPsf] 5 . cg'lrt n] gb] g -ld6/ Aofh_ ;DaGwL hf“ra'em cfof] usf] Dofb ;lsP;“u} To;n] lbPsf] ;'emfjsf] cfwf/ df d'2f x] g] { clwsf/ k|x/ LnfO{ lbOPsf] lyof] . cg'lrt n] gb] g -ld6/ Aofh_ ;d: of ;dfwfg lhNnf: t/ Lo ;dGjo tyf ;xhLs/ 0f ;ldlt bfªsf] a} 7skl5 ;ldltsf cWoIf ;d] t / xg'ePsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/ L / fdaGw' ;'j] bLn] cg'lrt n] gb] g -ld6/ Aofh_ ;DaGwL ph'/ Lsf] kmfOn lhNnf k|x/ L k|d'v / fdaxfb'/ s] ;LnfO{ x: tfGt/ 0f ug{'ePsf] xf] . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªdf k|fKt cg'lrt n] gb] g -ld6/ Aofh_ sf cgnfOg cfj] bgx¿, ldnfkq÷;Demf} tf ePsf / km5\of{} 6 x'g af“sL / x] sf ;Dk"0f{ ph'/ L lgj] bgx¿ lhNnf k|x/ L sfof{nonfO{ x: tfGt/ 0f ul/ Psf] 5 . cab] lv lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªaf6 x'“b} cfPsf] ld6/ Aofh ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ 5nkmn tyf d] nldnfk lhNnf k|x/ L sfof{no bfªaf6 x'g] 5 . sfg'gn] n] gb] gsf] d'2f x] g] {

3f]/bf}8f eGbf /fd|f] #^)) View b]lvg] 3f]/fxL ahf/af6 %÷^ ls=dL= pQ/tkm{ :yfg M

/fli6«o b} lgs

@)*) ;fn df3 @& ut] zlgjf/

q ;Gtf] if vgfn

cfwf d"Nodf cfsif{s View Point sf] hUuf laqmLdf

o'uaf]w

l8k]G8]g le;f

/ fKtL gbLsf] kfgLn] l;+rfO{ x'g] k|uGgf cfof] hgf nfu' 5 . k|uGgf;“u} gf/ f0fk'/ k|0ffnLsf] sfd klg cl3 a9] sf] lyof] . t/ of] ;DkGg x'g kfPg . plta] nf ag] sf ef} lts ;+/ rgfnfO{ ;'wf/ u/ ] / k|b] z ;/ sf/ n] gf/ fo0fk'/ l;+rfO{ cfof] hgfnfO{ cl3 a9fof] .

x/ ] s jif{ wfgsf] Jof8 / fVg'cl3 gf/ fo0fk'/ lgjf;L ;d'Gb| rf} w/ Ln] cfsfz lgofNg'x'G5 . afbn nfu] sf] / kfgL kg] { ;Defjgf ePkl5 aNn pxf“n] Jof8 / fVg] ;'/ ;f/ ug{'x'G5 . …v] tsf] 5] pd} s'nf] vlgPsf] jiff} {+ eO;Sof] t/ s'nf] df kfgL aUb} gÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …kfgL

ePg eg] s;/ L xf] nf v] tL, s;/ L xf] nf pAhgL .Ú gf/ fo0fk'/ l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf !& jif{cl3 ;DkGg x'g'kYof{] . t/ cem} kfgL ;~rfngdf cfpg ;s] sf] 5} g . h;n] ubf{ rf/ ;o x] S6/ hldg l;+rfO{ljxLg 5 . ls;fg cfsfz] kfgLsf] e/ df v] tLkftL ug{ afWo 5g\ . jiff{ l;hgdf pQ/ r'/ ] af6 au] / cfpg] af9L;lxtsf] kfgLn] cfof] hgfsf] s'nf] tyf ;+/ rgfdf klg Iflt ug{] u/ ] sf] 5 . s'nf] df df6f] el/ P/ a'lemPsf] 5 . To;sf] ;kmf ub{} kfgL ;~rfng of] Uo agfpg n'lDagL k|b] z ;/ sf/ n] gf/ fo0fk'/ cfof] hgnfO{ lj=;+= @)&& ;fndf : jLs[t u/ ] sf] lyof] . tLgj6f 7] Ssfaf6 sfd eO/ x] klg clxn] g} kfgL rnfpg ;Sg] cj: yf 5} g . s] xL ;+/ rgfx? yk ug{'kg{] , ;'wf/ ug{'kg{] sfd af“sL / x] sf] k|uGgf tyf a8\sfky l;+rfO{ Joj: yfkg sfof{no ndxLn] hgfPsf] 5 . / fKtL gbLsf] kfgLaf6 l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] p2] Zon] k|uGgf l;+rfO{ cfof] hgf;“u} gf/ fo0fk'/ k|0ffnLsf] klg af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

k[i7 M $

d"No M ?= %.–

;lxb pd]zrGb|sf] :d[ltdf ;/;kmfO

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf 3f] / fxL, @^ df3 . @)^@÷)^# sf] nf] stflGqs cfGbf] ngsf k|yd ;lxb pd] zrGb| yfkfsf] : d[ltdf ;/ ;kmfO sfo{qmd ul/ Psf] 5 . g] skf Pdfn] 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ sld6Lsf] cfof] hgfdf / fKtL : jf: Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg If] qb] lv z+v] lkkn;Dd ;/ ;kmfO ul/ Psf] xf] . ahf/ If] qaf6 glhs, c: ktfn If] q / zjbfx If] q klg ePsfn] s6'jfvf] nf If] qdf ;/ ;kmfO ul/ Psf] gu/ sld6L cWoIf e'jg rf} w/ Ln] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . ;/ ;kmfO / : jf: Yo dfgj hLjgsf nflu ckl/ xfo{ eGb} ;/ ;kmfO sfo{qmd u/ ] / Joj: yf kl/ jt{gsf] cfGbf] ngdf hLjg alnbfg ug] { ;lxb pd] zrGb| yfkfsf] ;Demgf ul/ Psf] g] tf, sfo{stf{x?n] atfP . zfxLsfndf 3f] lift gu/

lgjf{rg alx: sf/ ug{] qmddf 3f] / fxLdf ePsf] zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{gdf ;] gfn] rnfPsf] uf] nL nfu] / )^! df3 @^ ut] pd] zrGb| yfkfsf] ;xfbt ePsf] lyof] . 36gfdf ;] gfsf] uf] nL nfu] / s[i0f lu/ L 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] lyof] . ;/ ;kmfO sfo{qmdaf6 ;+sng ul/ Psf] kmf] xf] / 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ kflnsfn] Joj: yfkg u/ ] sf] 5 . …;lxbsf] ;Demgf klg ul/ of] / ;/ ;kmfO klg eof] Ú– Pdfn] bfªsf ;lrj dgf] x/ a'9fyf] sLn] eGg'eof] – … efif0f ug'{eGbf ;fj{hlgs : ynsf] ;/ ;kmfO u/ ] / ;dfhdf ;Gb] z lbg] sfd klg ePsf] 5 . ;/ ;kmfO sfo{qmddf Pdfn] sf kf] ln6\Jo"/ f] ;b: ox? g?nfn rf} w/ L, zfGtf rf} w/ L, k|b] z sld6L ;b: ox?, Pdfn] bfªsf cWoIf x's'd a: g] t, pkfWoIf

/ fddl0f kf08] nufotsf g] tf, sfo{stf{x?sf] ;xeflutf lyof] . km"6jndf gu/ sld6L ljhoL ;lxb pd] zrGb| yfkfsf] : d[ltdf cfof] lht d} qLk"0f{ km"6jn k|ltof] lutfdf g] skf Pdfn] 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ sld6L ljhoL ePsf] 5 . g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª / Pdfn] 3f] / fxL gu/ sld6LaLr ePsf] d} qLk"0f{ v] n gu/ sld6Ln] #–! sf] uf] n cGt/ n] lht] sf] xf] . kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] tkm{af6 lxdfn dx/ fn] ! uf] n ug'{eof] eg] Pdfn] 3f] / fxL gu/ sld6Lsf] tkm{af6 k"0f{ / f] sfn] b'O{ / n] v/ fh s] ;Ln] Ps uf] n ug'{ePsf] lyof] . v] nsf] dfWodaf6 zflGt, ldqtf sfod ug{ ;lsg] / cg'zf;g / : jf: Yodf ;d] t kmfObf k'Ug] ePsfn] ;lxb pd] zrGb|sf] : d[ltdf d} qLk"0f{ v] n ePsf] cfof] hsn] hgfPsf] 5 .

t'n;Lk'/sf] rf} wf} + gu/;ef o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf t'n;Lk'/ , @^ df3 . t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf] rf} wf+} gu/ ;ef z'qmaf/ b] lv z'? ePsf] 5 . gu/ k|d'v 6Lsf/ fd v8\sfsf] cWoIftfdf gu/ ;ef z'? ePsf] lyof] . ;efdf pkk|d'v : ofgL rf} w/ Ln] cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! df k|: t't ul/ Psf ah] 6sf] zLif{sfGt/ 0f / sdfGt/ 0f k|: t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] cGo ljifout ;ldltsf ;+of] hsx?n] ljifout k|ltj] bgx? k|: t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;efdf ljwfg ;ldltsf ;+of] hs eLdaxfb'/ s“j/ n] t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf] vfg] kfgL tyf ;/ ;kmfO Joj: yfkg;DaGwL ljw] os / gu/ k|x/ L P] gsf s] xL

bkmf ;+zf] wgsf nflu k|: tfj k] z ug'{ePsf] 5 . kflnsfn] o; If] qleq / x] sf vfg] kfgL ;+: yfsf] lgodg, cg'udg / Joj: yfkgsf nflu vfg] kfgL P] g Nofpg yfn] sf] 5 . ;+of] hs s“j/ sf cg';f/ clxn] ;Dd Ps ;o ^! j6f P] g sfg'g lgdf{0f eO;s] sf 5g\ eg] vfg] kfgL;DaGwL ljw] os ;efdf k|: t't ul/ Psf] 5 .

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Tolta]nf /f]Nkfdf t w]/}h;f] sfF6fdf aNnf a]r]sf] ;'Aaf g} sfof{nosf k|dv ' jf lrp/Lsf] lahf}nf lbGy] . xflsd lyP . ;]S;g clkm;/ To;nfO{ d}n] s'6\g] clg t lgs} sd dfq} . cfdfn] 3fg nfpg] . k;ª\ ;j{ky| d lzIfs ufdf ksfpg] / sf]ndf klg agfP/ lzIff zfvfn] d}n] 3'dfpg] clg cfdfn] dnfO{ tfnfjfª eGg] 7fpFdf 3fg xfNg] . xfdLn] nfk]df k7fof] . Tolta]nf e:dfvf]/ uP/ sf]n k]NYof}F . cfdfn] ufpF k~rfot eGg] lyof] a'9f aNnf a'lg/fVg] clg ljbfsf] ufpF . ToxfFsf] ;"o{ks | fz lbg d}n] efª\uf| nfO{ r'6]/ k|f=lj=df c:tJo:t ;kmf ug]{ . Psk6s s] eof] /x]sf sf/0f dnfO{ To;df eg] cfdfn] Pp6L y?gL s]6L k7fOof] . x]8 df:6/ lyP ;fyL agfOlbg'ePsf] lyof] . gd{n tflnd u/]sf Ko'7fg kmnf xfGg'kUYof]{ . cf/gdf 3/ ePsf nfnaxfb'/ 3g xfg]h:tf] xfGg'kg]{ yfkf . pgL klg 3/ uPsf, ads'df/L a'9f du/ x'GYof] . kfnf] ldnfP/ :s'n /fd|f];Fu grnfpg] . xfGg'kg]{df d}n] dfly gNofpFb} d}n] To;cl3 klg ljbfdf p;n] xfGbf d]/f] afofF xftsf] dfemL cf}Fnfdf rf]6 3/ uPsf a]nfdf ef]n]G6/sf ¿kdf ufpFsf :s'ndf nfUof], km'6\of] . pgL ;fg} lyP . pgsf] gfd s'Gof uO{ s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ l;sfpg] uy]{F . vf]nfjfl/ a;fOF lyof] . pgn] slxNo} gu/]sf] sfd lyof] Tof] . o;/L clg vf]nfkfl/ :s'n . df8L tg'{kg]{ . b'O{ psfnf b'3{6gf ePsf] xf] . rf]6 nfu]kl5 d clxn]sf] /fKtL / b'O{ cf]/fnf ug'{kg]{ lbgdf d}n] . Ps 306f hfg] pkIf]qLo c:ktfn uPF, Tof] t Toltv]/ x]Nykf]:6 clg Ps 306f cfpg] ;do . ToxfF d}n] b'O{ jif{ dfq} lyof] . /ftel/ xft b'v]/ ;'Tg ;lsgF . csf]{ hlt k9fPF . kl5 lhNnf lzIff sfof{noaf6 k"j{ lbg laxfgb]lv ToxL s]6Lsf] bfOn] lgoldt Ps Jofj;flos lzIffsf] la; dlxg] tflndsf nflu dlxgf;Dd dfln; ul/lbPkl5 cln l7s t eof] t/ d 5flgPF clg g]kfnuGh lzIffzf:q k9\g uPF . cfh;Dd klg clncln b'Vg] u5{ .

5fqj[lQdf ;]jfsfnLg tflnd ug{ ToxfF uPsf] x'F' . bfª k9\g] qmddf d]/f w]/} ;fyL eP . ;Fu} k9]sf kl5 @)#$ ;fn c;f/b]lv lnjfªdf b/aGbLdf ;fyLx¿ klg w]/} 5g\ . gjnk'/sf gf/fo0f clwsf/L /flvof] dnfO{ . d}n] ToxfF k9fpFb} ubf{ k~rfotsf] P, e};fxLsf gf/fo0f clwsf/L aL, 8fF8fufpFsf kf]ln6Jo"/f] cª\u ufpF kms{ /fli6«o cleofg eGg] ltns/fd clwsf/L / anb]j clwsf/L, 3f]/fxLsf lgsfosf] lhNnf ;ldltdf d]/f] gfd l;kmfl/; eof] . ch'{g >]i7, ;]jf/sf Psb]j lu/L, 3f]/fxLsf lbnLk of] @)#% ;fn dª\l;/sf] s'/f xf] . To;sf ljleGg >]i7, u0f]z/fh >]i7 / s'df//fh >]i7, b]pv'/Lsf ab|L lgjf{rg r}q;Dd ;DkGg ePsf lyP . h]7sf] bz ut] ljzfn rf}w/L, gf/fo0f u'?sL 5f]/L k'iiff uf}td, d~h' b]zdf hgdt ;ª\ux| sf] 3f]if0ff eof] . of]uL, Ps/fh /]UdLsL 5f]/L uf}/f /]UdL, /em]gfsf s[i0ff kfls:tfgsf tTsfnLg /fi6«klt h'NkmLs/ cln uf}td, xfk'/sf zDe' uf}td / 8a/Lsf hª\uaxfb'/ e'6\6f]nfO{ kmfF;L lbOPkl5 g]kfndf Jofks ljBfyL{ 3tL{ du/ cflb d]/f ;fyL x'g\ . xfdLnfO{ k9fpg] cfGbf]ng eof] . To;s} kl/0ffd:j¿k b]zdf hgdt ;/x¿dWo] x]8 ;/ o1axfb'/ a'9fyf]sL, uf]UnLsf ;+ux| sf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] lyof] . ptf a'9fufpFdf lzIfs 6]sgk|;fb l3ld/], e"kfn of]uL, lvdf of]uL, gf/fo0fL ePs} a]nf 5fqj[lQdf g]kfnuGh k9\g uPsf] lyPF uf}td, /fd;"/t u'Ktf, lqnf]rg emf, gf/fo0fl;+x u'?ª, d . ToxfFaf6 kmls{Pkl5 lnjfª df=lj= df xflh/ x'g o1d"lt{ cof{n, gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{, a'4k|sfz cfrfo{, cfOk'u]F . d}n] cfO{=P8= u/]sfn] lgdfljsf] b/aGbLdf cfzf l3ld/], eLdsfGt cfrfo{, b|f]0fk|;fb /hf}l/of, lyPF . d]/f] ljifo k"j{Jofj;flos lzIff lyof] .

lnjfªdf u'¿k|;fb cfrfo{ / xfdL ;Fu;Fu} lyof}F . pxfF k'?iftkm{sf] / d rflxF dlxnftkm{sf] :sfp6sf] cfo'Qm klg ePsf xf}F . @)#$ ;fnb]lv rf/ jif{ lnjfªdf k9fPF d}n] . @)#* ;fndf dfggLo ePkl5 lzIf0f k]zf 5f8]sf] x'F . dfggLo 5Fbf klg d}n] lzIf0faf6 /fhLgfdf lbPsf] lyOgF . kl5 @)$# ;fndf /fli6«o k~rfotsf] lgjf{rg n8\g] ePkl5 dfq /fhLgfdf u/]sf] x'F . r'gfjdf d}n] lht]sf] lyPF . dtu0fgf ubf{ ;q xhf/ b'O{ ;o Ps d]/f] / ;q xhf/ Ps ;o klRr; /]vaxfb'/ ;'j]bLsf] lyof] . o;/L 5]xQ/ dtn] r'gfj d}n] lht]sf] lyPF t/ cfkm\g} ;fyLx¿sf] cGt3f{t / cj;/jfbL rl/qsf ;fy} k|zf;gn] klg 3'; vfPsf sf/0f d}n] lht]sf] r'gfj klg xfg'{kg]{ l:ylt aGof] . dtu0fgfdf t cfkm\gf] dfG5] dfq} /fv] pgLx¿n], xfd|f] dfG5] g} lyPgg\ . kl5 d}n] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] Psn Ohnf;df d'2f klg xfn]F . k[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x eGg] GofofwLzsf] Psn Ohnf; lyof] Tof] . @)$# ;fn c;f/b]lv @)$^ ;fn j}zfv;Dd d'2f nl8of] . kl5 d]/f] d'2f vf/]h ul/of] . /f]Nkfaf6 el/ofx¿n] ;a} dtk]l6sf af]s]/ bfªsf] ndxL;Dd lnPsf lyP / To;kl5 dfq uf8Ldf sf7df8f}F nluPsf] lyof] . d'2f g} vf/]h ePkl5 k'gM dtu0fgf eg] ePg . k9fOnfO{ d}n] slxNo} 5fl8gF . cfO{=P8= pQL0f{ u/]sfn] c? km\ofsN6Ldf hfg ;lsPg . /fhgLlts ;ª\\u7gsf] lhDd]jf/L klg To:t} lyof] . kl5 dfcf]jfbL ;fyLx¿ lxF8]sf af6f jf 6\ofs\x¿ t ;a} d}n] klxn] g} lxFl8;s]sf] xf] . b'u{db]lv b'u{d ufpF7fFpdf ;d]t k'l' uof] lg . o;}n] klg d]/f] lgoldt k9fO ePg . ;a} k|fOe]6 ug'{k/]sf] xf] . kl5 /fhgLltzf:qdf Psn ljifo lbP/ cfO{= P= pQL0f{ u/]kl5 aL= P= klg k|fOe]6 u/]F . d}n] aL= P t ;g\ !((% df ;s]sf] lyPF . aif{df Pp6f cyjf b'O{cf]6f k]k/ dfq lbg kfOg], lhDd]jf/Lsf sf/0f slxn] stf bf}8]sf] 5 clg slxn] stf . Pd=P=sf] s'/f ubf{ d}n] klxn] /fhgLltzf:q ljifodf kmf/fd e/]sf] lyPF . k/LIff lbg] ;dodf st} aflx/ hfg'kg]{ l:ylt cfof] clg ;xefuL g} x'g kfOgF . kl5 km]l/ efifflj1fgdf egf{ ePF . s]xL lbg sIff lng klg uPF . kl5 aflx/aflx/ 3'ld/xg] sfdn] ubf{ Tof] klg hfFr lbg kfOgF . km]l/ lqrGb sn]hdf ;dfhzf:q ljifodf egf{ ePF . o;nfO{ k"/f ug{ afx| jif{ nfUof] . lnlvt k/LIff ;s]/ @)&! ;fndf g} d}n] y]l;; ub}{ lyPF . d]/f zf]wlgb]{zs lyP nug /fO{ . pgL lgs} ;xof]uL lyP . d]/f] t w]/} k]h eP/ lemSg'kg]{ ef] lg . kl5 pgL lj/f6gu/ ;?jf eP/ uP . d]/f] kmf/fddf klg k/LIff s]Gb| lj/f6gu/ eg]/ n]lvlbP5g\ . kl5 Aofs k]k/sf ¿kdf y]l;;sf] kmf/fd eg{ d]/L eb}gL lqkgfsf] 5f]/f d]/f] gflt /fx'nnfO{ nufPsf] lyPF . /f]Nkfdf @)&^ df ePsf] nf]sjftf{ ;ª\uf]i7Lsf qmddf Ko'7fgsf] :ju{åf/L psfnf]df lxF8\b} ubf{ kf] lqrGb sn]haf6 kmf]g uof] . tkfO{Fn] kmf/fd e/]sf] xf] eg]/ ;f]Wof] . d}n] klg /fd|}u/L hjfkm lbPF . kl5 /f]Nkf sf]rf{afª 3fkfsf du/x¿sf] ;fdflhs –;f+:s[lts cj:yf M Ps ;dfhzf:qLo cWoog zLif{sdf zf]wkq tof/ u/L lqrGb|af6 @)&% ;fndf ;dfhzf:q ljifodf Pd=P= pQL0f{ u/]F . @)^$ ;fndf egf{ eP klg Pd=P= ;Sg dnfO{ k"/} !@ jif{ nfUof] . &@ jif{sf] pd]/df lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] bLIffGt ;df/f]xdf ;xefuL eP/ d}n] :gftsf]Q/ tx pQL0f{ u/]sf] z}lIfs k|df0fkq lnPsf] va/ ;a}lt/ km}lnof] . o;n] c?nfO{ klg s]xL g s]xL k|]/0ff lbg]5 eGg] d]/f] cfzf / ljZjf; 5 lsgeg] lzIffbLIff k|fKt ug]{ ;Gbe{df pd]/sf] s'g} ;Ldf x'Fb}g . k|:t'lt M 6Lsf/fd pbf;L

tL u'gf;fx?sf] ;'g] g;'g] em} u/]/ kl/jf/x?sf] Tof] xfntnfO{ r6Ss} lk7\o"F kmsf{P/ cufl8 al9of] . uf8L r9\gnfO{ bxjg k'Ug'kb{Yof] . Tof] ;dodf bxjg;Dd dfq uf8L rn]sf] lyof] . uf8L r9\g lbgsf] P3f/ ah]b]lv Ps ah];Dd k'lu;Sg'kb{Yof] .

Tof] ;dodf k'UgnfO{ xfdL laxfg lem;ld;]d} lx8\ of}+ . y'kf{n]s s6]/ g'jfufpFsf] vfN8f] kf/ u/]/ psfnf]kl5 dfq bxjgsf] uf8L kfpg] 7fpF k'lug] x'gfn] af6f] lgs} nfdf] lyof] . dgel/ s;/L k'Ug] eGg] lk/nf]n] etetL kf]n] em} eO/xGYof] . o:t} 56km6fx6n] kfOnfx? lgs} l56f] l56f] rNbf /x]5g\ .

Dof8d lgs} kl5 kl/xfNg' x'Fbf]/x]5 km]l/ klv{of] . o:t} u/]/ bxjg k'Ubf;Dd Hofg ysfgn] nvt/fg kl/;s]sf] lyof] . ef]sn] Tolts} x}/fg lyof] . x'g t kfs]sf] gf:tf vfFb} lx8]sf lyof}+ t/ klg lsg xf] ef]s ysfgn] clt ePsf] lyof] Hofg . uf8L klg nf:6 uf8L aNn e]6\g k'u]sf lyof}+ . uf8Ldf r9]kl5 Hofgsf] ysfgdf s]xL /fxt t ldNof] t/ 3f]/fxLdf s;/L aRg] eGg] lk/nf]n] ;tfPsf] lyof] . ;]gfsf] lgu/fgL s8f x'GYof] . To;dfly klg dfcf]jfbLaf6 efu]sfx?n] ;]gf;Fu nfu]/ hf;';L u/]/ dflg;x?nfO{ ;tfO/x]sf lyP . dgdg} s;};Fu e]6 x'g gk/f];\ eg]/ sfdgf ug'{afx]s ljsNk lyPg . uf8L hlt cufl8 a9\5 Tolt 8/ / qf;n] RofKb} uO/x]sf] lyof] . a]nf–a]nfdf uf8Lsf] k|of]u ug]{ lgwf] ug'{ unt ul/of] ls h:tf] nfUYof] . uf8Ldf ePsf dflg;x?n] cfkm"nfO{ g} lgu/fgL ul//x]sf 5g\

ls h:tf] cfef; eO/x'GYof] . ofqLx?df ;]gfsf] r]lsªsf] lbSbf/Ln] jfSs ePsf] s'/f ul//x]sf ;'lgGYof] . ;]gfn] r]lsªsf] gfddf lbg] b'Mvaf6 ;a} ;tfOPsf] cleJolQm ;'lgGYof] . af6f]df sf]xL ofqL r9\of] eg] klg l;lendf hf;'; r9\of] ls s] xf] h:tf] nfUbYof] . s]xL u/L d dfcf]jfbL ePsf] gv'nf];\ eg]/ lgs} ;fjwfgL ckgfpg] ul//xGy]+ . uf8L 3f]/fxLsf] gofF ahf/df k'u]/ /f]lsof] . glhs} ;]gfsf] Aof/]s /x]sf] 5 . Aof/]slt/ x]g{ ;d]t 8/ nfu]sf] 5 . ;a} ofq'x?nfO{ ;]gfn] ;f]wk'5 ub}{ u¥of] . ;]gfn] ;f]w]/ 5f]8]sf] dflg;sf] cg'xf/df v'zLn] d'xf/ pHofnf] b]lvGYof] pgLx? w'nfn] kf]ltPsf emf]nfx? w'nf] emfb}{ uGtJolt/ nfUy] . xfdLnfO{ klg To;/L ;f]wk'5 ubf{ ahf/df cfkmGt sxfF cfPsf] agfj6L s'/f u/]/ ;]gfsf] r]lsª t kf/ ul/of] t/ b'ef{Uo ufpFs} l;cfO8L e]l6of] hf] dfcf]jfbLaf6 eu'jf lyof] . To;n] t dnfO{ glrGg] s'/} ePg . ca k¥of] km;fb ca s] ug]{ < lgwf/df lr6lr6 kl;gfn] 5fO;Sof] . s'/f t ug}{ k¥of] .

5f]6f] s'/f eof] p;n] klg ToxL PS;g lng ;s]]g v} lsg xf] . d}n] klg n Psl5gdf a;f}+nf x} eg]/ glhs}sf] cfkmGtsf] xf]6]ndf k:of}+ . pm klg stf nfUof] b]vf k/]g . xfdL Tof] xf]6]naf6 tTsfn} lg:s]/ csf]{ xf]6]ndf uof}+ . clg Dof8dnfO{ ToxL xf]6]ndf a:g] Joj:yf u/]/ d km]l/ csf]{ xf]6]ndf uP/ Tof] /ft latfPsf lyof+} .

d g e / L lbk] Gb|s'df/ 3tL{ -k|efs/ _ 8/n] x}/fgL lyof] . cfhnfO{ alrof] eGg] nfUof] . ca afFsL ofqf s;/L k"/f ug]{ xf]nf eGg] lk/n] dg 56k6fO /x\of] . d}n] klxn] k;]sf] cfkmGtsf] xf]6ndf eg]sf] lyPF . o:tf] dflg;;Fu e]6 eof] . clxn]nfO{ t s]xL u/]g ls dnfO{ ;'/fsL ub}{g / h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] t/ ;fjwfg /xg'k5{ eg]/ oxfF ;'/lIft xFb' }g eg]sf] lyPF . g eGb} xfdL lg:s]sf] sl/j b'O{ldg]6d} Tof] l;cfO8L s]xL ;]gfx?;Fu dnfO{ vf]HgnfO{ ev{/ oxfF k;]sf] v'ªvf/ dfcf]jfbL v} eGb} xf]6]nd} k'u]sf] s'/f kl5 xf]6]njfnfn] ;'gfPkl5 emg 8/ nfu]/ cfof] . clg nfUof] slxn]sfxL+ ;fdfGo / ;fgf] h:tf] nfUg] ;'ema'emn] klg 7"nf] dxTj /fVbf]/x]5 . Tof] ;dodf ;]gfsf] sAhfdf k¥of] eg] ;fbo afFRg] ;Defjgf sd} x'g] ub{Yof] . ;fdfGo hgtfnfO{ t bf]xf]/f] le8Gtdf dfl/of] eGb} dfb}{ lxl8/x]sf lyP eg] dnfO{ t afFsL /fVg] s'/f c;Dej h:t} x'g] lyof] . o;/L ar]sf] lyof] Hofg b'O{ ldg]6 l56f] :yfg kl/jt{g ugf{n] .

3f]/fxLsf] ;s;k"0f{ Ps/ftsf] a;fO{;Fu} dge/L ;Gqf; / 8/sf] ef/n] lylrb} ;]gfsf 7fpF7fpFsf emGem6k"0f{ lgu/fgLnfO{ 5Nb} lgwf{l/t uGtAodf k'u]sf] If0f clxn] klg lbdfudf emnemNtL ofbx? cfO/x]sf 5g\ . 3f]lTn/xG5 dg km]l/ tL lbgx? bf]xf]l/nf of gbf]xf]l/nf t/ ;Demgf eg] bf]xf]l//x]s} 5g\ .

clxn] ko{6sx? k|s[ltsf] vf]h cWoog cg';Gwfgdf ?lr /fVg yfn]sf 5g\ . ;bfjxf/ alu/xg] lxdgbLx?sf] pb\ud:ynb]lv gbLn] agfPsf] pkTosf / 3f6x?sf] af/]df klg ko{6gsf] dfWodaf6 vf]h cWoog x'g yfn]sf] 5 . ko{6gsf] If]qdf o;nfO{ gofF ;f]rsf] ljsf; dfGg'kb{5 . cfGtl/s ko{6s w]/} tLyf{6g ug]{ x'G5g\ . sfnLu08sL sl/8f]/ lgdf{0f ePkl5 w]/} tLyf{6gsf ko{6sx? d'lQmgfy k'Ug] ub{5g\ . tLyf{6gsf] nflu d'lQmgfy o:tf] 7fpF xf] hxfF k~rtTj kfOG5 . d'lQmgfydf Hjfnfb]jLsf] dlGb/ 5 . d'lQmgfysf] HjfnfdfO{ k/fk"j{sfnb]lv clxn];Dd kfgLdfly Hjfnf aln/x]sf] 5 . lji0f' eujfgsf] ;fIfft ?k dflgg] clt b'n{e zflnu|fd kfOg] d'lQmgfy / b]j3f6h:tf kljq wfld{s tLy{:ynnfO{ hf]8\g] sfnLu08sL wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts dfq geO{ ko{6sLo dxTj ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . sfnLu08sL sl/8f]/ gjnk'/sf] u}F8fsf]6b]lv pkNnf] d':tfªsf] ltAat;Fusf] l;df sf]/nf gfsf;Fu sl/a rf/ ;o #% ls=ld=kb{5 . u}F8fsf]6af6 kfNkfsf] /fDbL;Dd ! ;o #@ lsnf]ld6/ sl/8f]/sf] ;8s lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . /fDbLb]lv kfNkfsf] /fgL3f6;Ddsf] ;8s lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf 5 . /fgL3f6b]lv l/8L, ?b|j]gL x'Fb} u'NdLsf] k"lt{3f6, Hofld/]3f6 eP/ afUn'ªsf] h}ldgL / an]jf x'Fb} sl/8f]/ sfnLu08sLsf] afUn'ª– kj{t hf]8\g] dfn9'+ufsf] k'ndf hf]l8G5 . To;kl5 sl/8f]/sf] ;8s DofUbL x'Fb} un]Zj/, tftf]kfgL, bfgf, n]t] x'Fb} hf]d;f]d / sfuj]gL eP/ pkNnf] d':tfªsf] sf]/f]nf gfsf hf]l8G5 . sl/8f]/df dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{n] dfn9'+ufdf / l;4fy{ /fhdfu{n] /fDbLdf hf]l8Psf] 5 . of] afx]s bnbn]–a'lnª6f/, v}/]gL ledfb xFb' } a'lnª6f/ / s]nfbL eP/ kfNkfsf] /fdk'/, kfNkfsf] cfo{ e~Hofª–/fdk'/, :ofª\ hfsf] uNofª rfkfsf]6 x'Fb} /fdk'/ dfq geP/ kfNkf, u'NdL, c3f{vfFrL / :ofª\hf lhNnfsf] ;8s ;~hfnnfO{ ;d]t sl/8f]/n] l/8Ldf hf]8\5 . sfnLu08sLdf tLyf{6g ko{6sx?sf nflu Ps ;o $* j6f 3f6 kb{5g\ . sf]/nf gfsfaf6 b'O{ ;o %& ls=ld=kf/ u/]kl5 ltAatsf] s}nfz dfg;/f]j/ k'Ug ;lsG5 . sl/8f]/ 3'dlkm/ / tLyf{6g ug{sf] nflu ko{6sx?n] Kofs]h sfo{qmd agfpFbf /fd|f] x'G5 . sl/8f]/df s'g 7fpFaf6 k|j]z ug]{ < s'g–s'g 3f6df k'Ug] < cyjf b]j3f6b]lvg} sf]/nf gfsf;Dd Ps} k6s k'Ug] < cfˆgf] ofqfsf] ;do / cfjZos vr{sf] hf]xf] u/]kl5 3'Dg lg:sbf /fd|f] x'G5 . ofqfdf an]/f] cyjf :sf/lkof] eof] eg] sl/8f]/df 3'dlkm/ ubf{ ;lhnf] dfq xf]Og ;dosf] ;d]t art x'G5 . b]j3f6b]lv sf]/f]nf gfsf;Dd Ps} rf]6L 3'Dgsf] nflu ;do gx'g] ko{6sx?n] sfnLu08sL sl/8f]/nfO{ cfˆgf] cg's"n cg';f/ v08–v08df laefhg u/]/ klg 3'Dg ;lsG5 . sl/8f]/nfO{ b]j3f6, sfnLu08sL pkTosf, l/8L v08, kj{t, afUn'ª / DofUbLsf] v08, To;kl5 hf]d;f]d, d'lQmgfy / pkNnf] d':tfª cyf{t sf]/f]nf gfsf ;Ddsf] 3'dlkm/sf] ofqf to ug{ ;lsG5 . sfnLu08sLsf] pb\ud:yn d':tfªsf] pQ/ k"jL{ g]kfn ltAat ;Ldfdf /x]sf] Gx'lag] lxdfnsf] 5f}df gfdsf] kfgLsf] em/gf xf] . Gx'lag] lxdfnb]lv 5f}df gfdsf] kfgLsf] em/gf pb\ud eP/ s]xL lsnf]ld6/ blIf0f k'u]kl5 pQ/–klZrddf kg{] nf]dfGyfª If]qsf] Gx]r'ª vf]nf ldl;G5 . Gx]r'ª vf]nf ldl;P kl5 5f}df eGg] vf]nfsf] gfd km]l/G5 . To;kl5 sfuj]gL gk'uG' h]n;Dd d':tfª vf]nfsf] gfd x'G5 . pkNnf] d':tfªdf kg]{ bfdf]b/s'08af6 aUb} cfpg] vf]nf klg d':tfª vf]nfdf ldl;G5 . sfuj]gLdf d'lQmgfysf] !)* wf/fsf] kfgL :yfgLo efiffdf emf]ªf]nf cyf{t s;}n] sfs vf]nf / s[i0ff gbL klg eG5g\ Tof] kfgL sfuj]gLdf ldl;Pkl5 gbLsf] gfd s[i0ffu08sL cyjf sfnLu08sL eGg] ul/G5 . sfuj]gLb]lv b]j3f6;Dd sfnLu08sLsf] b"/L ##* lsnf]ld6/ kb{5 . sfnLu08sL d':tfª, DofUbL, afUn'ª, kj{t, u'NdL, :ofª\hf, kfNkf, gjnk'/ / tgx'F ;d]t ( lhNnfsf] aLraf6 aU5 . b]j3f6df sfnLu08sL lqz'nLdf ldl;Pkl5 gbLnfO{ gf/fo0fL cyjf ;Ktu08sL klg elgG5 . To;kl5 gf/fo0fL gbL lrtjg / gjnk'/sf] ;Ldf aGb} lqj]0fL cyf{t e};fnf]6gdf k'u]kl5 ef/tsf] laxf/df kg]{ ;f]gk'/ glhssf] xl/x/ If]qdf k'u]/ u+ufdf ldl;G5 . g]kfnsf lxdgbLx?dWo] sfnLu08sLsf] dlxdf cGo gbL eGbf km/s /x]sf] 5 . sfnLu08sL u08 Clifsf] gfdaf6 gfdfs/0f ePsf] xf] . sltko gbL ltAataf6 z'? eO{ g]kfnsf] e"uf]n x'Fb} ef/tsf] u+ufdf ldl;G5 eg] sfnLu08sL g]kfnaf6 z'? eO{ b]j3f6df k'uL lqz'nL gbLdf ljno x'G5 . sfnLu08sL tLyf{6g ko{6gsf nflu P]ltxfl;s d7 dlGb/, :gfgsf] nflu 3f6 / wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts ko{6sLo dxTj w]/} /x]sf] 5 . sfnLu08sLdf b'n{e zflnu|fd kfOg] / d'lQmgfyb]lv b]j3f6;Ddsf sfnLgbLsf] 3f6df tLyf{6gsf ko{6s :gfg ug{ k'U5g\ . ko{6gsf nflu sfnLu08sL sl/8f]/ wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts dfq geO{ ko{6sLo dxTj ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . sfnLu08sLsf] lsgf/df kfOg] 9'+ufnfO{ zflnu|fd elgG5 . zflnu|fd leq kfOg] hLjfTdfsf cjz]ifdf cdf]gfO6 hLjfjz]if kfOG5 . of] kfgLdf aUg] a|flsof]kf]8 hLjfTdf xf] . zflnu|fdsf] lelq efudf ;'gnufotsf] wft' / eujfg\ lji0f'sf] xltof/ cyf{t ;'bz{g rqmsf] cfsf/ ag]sf] x'G5 . rf/ /+udf kfOg] zflnu|fd sfnf] /+usf] dxTj dflgG5 . ljZjs} Psdfq zflnu|fd kfOg] gbLsf ?kdf sfnLu08sLsf] a]Un} klxrfg ag]sf] 5 . sfnLu08sL d':tfª kf/ ub{} cGwuN5L x'Fb} un]Zj/df /fx'3f6 vf]nf, a]gLdf DofUbL vf]nf, dfn9'ªuf glhs} sf7]vf]nf, s'Zdfdf df]bL vf]nf, h}ldgL 3f6df 7]pn] vf]nf, u'NdL / kj{tsf] ;udf /x]sf] k"lt{3f6, Hofld/]3f6 x'b} lddL{df cfFwLvf]nf sfnLu08sLdf ldl;G5 . dLdL{af6 sfnLu08sL klZrdtkm{ df]l8G5 . l/l8df k'Ubf;Dd ?›a]gLdf a8Luf8 / l/8Ldf l/8L vf]nf ldl;G5 . l/8Ldf k'u]sf] sfnLu08sL ToxfFaf6 km]/L k"j{ df]l8G5 / /fgL3f6 x'b} sfnLu08sL /fDbL3f6af6 blIf0f nfu]kl5 :ofªhf rfkfsf]6df HofUbL vf]nf, :ofªhf–tgx'Fsf] l;dfdf 8'eL| a];L vf]nf / gjnk'/–kfNkfsf] l;dfdf lg:tL vf]nf klg sfnLu08sLdf ldl;G5 . kfNkf / :ofª\hfsf] ;Ldfdf kg{] /fDbL3f6 tLyf{6g ko{6sx?sf nflu dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 . /fDbL3f6df cufxvf]nf, u'?jfvf]nf / sfnLu08sL ldl;P/ lqj]0fL ag]sf] 5 . /fDbL3f6df P]ltxfl;s, k|frLg l;4 u'kmf, lzjfno, /fwfs[i0fsf] dlGb/df ;d]t tLyf{6gsf ko{6sx? tLyf{6g / cjnf]sg ug{ ;S5g\ . /fDbL3f6 glhs dxflnËwfddf sfnLu08sL tLg lsnf]ld6/ pQ/tkm{ kms{]/ au]sf] 5 . pQ/jflxgL wfld{s b[li6sf]0fn] lgs} b'n{e / dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 . /fDbL eGbf tn sfnLu08sL pkTosf kb{5 . kfNkf, gjnk'/, tgx'F / :ofª\ hfsf] e"uf]nsf aLrdf aUg] sfnLu08sL pkTosf ;'Gb/ b]lvG5 . of] pkTosf n'lDagL / u08sL k|b]zsf] ;Ldf klg kb{5 . pkTosfdf dgf]/d k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{n] ;lhPsf kxf8L >[+vnfsf a:tLx? klg ofqfsf] qmddf ko{6sx?n] b]Vg ;S5g\ .

pkTosfleq n]s, a];L ;dtn d}bfgL efu, aLrdf aUg] sfnLu08sLn] pkTosfsf] ;'Gb/tfn] ;a} ko{6snfO{ nf]EofpF5 . pkTosfleq /xg] ljleGg hfthflt ljljw snf, ;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh, k/Dk/f, e]ife"iffn] ofqfdf 5'§} cfgGb lbG5 . pkTosf j/k/sf kxf8df P]ltxfl;s sf]6, u9L, lsNnf b/jf/ / Clifd'lgx?sf laleGg 3f6df /x]sf] tkf]e"ldn] ko{6sx?nfO{ yk cWoogsf] ljifo aGb5 . sfnLu08sL pkTosfsf bh{gf}+ 3f6 tLyf{6gsf] nflu kljq dflgG5 . c;{bL3f6, x'FuL3f6, dfemLufpF, /Tgk'/sf] vf]l/of3f6, /fdk'/sf] uf}/L3f6, tftf]kfgL3f6, HofUbL3f6, /fd3f6, s]nfbLwfd, k'§f/3f6, x8fxf3f6, cqf}nL3f6, v;{/f3f6, 3'd/L3f6, sf]6y/nufotsf tLyf{6g 3f6sf] 5'§f–5'§} dxTj /x]sf] 5 . oL ;a} 3f6x?sf] tLyf{6g / vf]h cWoog cjnf]sg ko{6sx?n] ug{ ;S5g\ . sfnLu08sLsf] 3f6dWo] :ofª\hf, kfNkf / tgx'Fsf] ;Ldfdf kg]{ s]nfbL3f6sf] dxTj leGg 5 . lxGb" ;Dk|bfox?df a}i0fj wd{, s[i0f k|0ffdL, h}g, lzv cflb ;a} kb{5 . ;Dk|bfosf] ljsf; qmddf wd{u?' x?sf] cf–cfˆg} JofVof / kl/efiffsf sf/0fn] sltko lxGb"leqsf ;Dk|bfox?df ;+:sf/ ;d]t km/s 5 . s]nfbL3f6df j}i0fj wd{sf] af/]df w]/} cWoog ug{ ;lsG5 . s]nfbL3f6df /fwfs[i0f dlGb/ /x]sf] 5 . of] dlGb/ k|frLgsfnb]lv w]/} k|l;4 dflgG5 . o; dlGb/df cv08 ehg sLt{g rln/xG5 . s]nfbL3f6nfO{ g]kfn lgDas{ kL7sf] hGdynf]sf] ?kdf lng] ul/G5 . s]nfbLdf a[4f>d klg ;~rfngdf 5 . :ofª\hf / kfNkf hf]8\g] s]nfbL3f6df kSsL k'n ag]kl5 tLyf{6gdf hfg] ko{6sx?nfO{ ;'ljwf ePsf] 5 . s]nfbLdf /fwfs[i0f, lzj dlGb/ / nIdLgf/fo0f dlGb/ /x]sf 5g\ . sfnLu08sLsf 3f6x?df 3'df/L3f6sf] km/s klxrfg / dxTj /x]sf] 5 . x]bf{ g} crDd nfUg] 3'df/L3f6 gjnk'/sf] a'nlª6f/ / tgx'Fsf] l3l/ª ufpFkflnsfsf] l;dfgfdf kb{5 . sfnLu08sLn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 3'df/L3f6 ko{6gsf] nflu cfsif{s dflgG5 . wfld{s dfGotfdf cg';f/ sfnLu08sL b]j3f6tkm{ aUb} hfFbf sfdw]g' ufO{n] afR5LnfO{ b"w v'jfpFb} u/]sf]n] gbL bfofF kl/qmdf ubf{ 3'dfp/f] cfsf/ lng k'u]sf] dflgG5 . 3'df/L3f6nfO{ tgx'Fsf] e"uf]ndf kg]{ /fDhfsf]6sf] pD;] 8fF8faf6 x]bf{ s'De eujtL nIdLsf] 38fsf] cfsf/df b]lvG5 . 3'df/L3f6 sfnLu08sLn] agfPsf 3f6x?dWo]sf] cToGt ;'Gb/ 3f6 dflgG5 . 3'df/L3f6nfO{ sfnLu08sLn] sl/j kfFr;o /f]kgL If]qkmnsf] hldgnfO{ z+v cfsf/df 3]/f lbPsf] 5 . of] z+v cyf{t s'De cfsf/sf] 3'df/L3f6df a'lnª6f/ ufpFkflnsf] e"–efuaf6 k|j]z ug{ ;lsG5 . of] s'De cfsf/sf] 3'df/L3f6df k|j]z ug]{ dfu{df sl/j % ld6/ dfq gbLn] hldg 5f8]sf] 5 . s'Desf] d'vdf d"lt{/lxt sfdw]g' dlGb/ klg 5 . hxfF d"lt{sf] ?kdf r§fgdf b]lvg] ufO{ / afR5Lsf] v'/sf] 8f]jdf k"hf ul/G5 . kfNkfsf] /fdk'/ eP/ 3'df/L3f6 hfg] tLyf{6gsf ko{6sn] /fdk'/sf] tfn kf]v/fsf] cjnf]sg ug{ klg ;S5g\ . em§ x]bf{ kf]v/fsf] km]jftfnsf] emNsf] lbg] kfNkf /fdk'/sf] tfnkf]v/f cfhef]ln ko{6ssf] cfsif{0fsf] s]G› aGb} uPsf] 5 . /fdk'/ gu/kflnsf–^ df /x]sf] tfnkf]v/f jiff{sf] kfgLnfO{ hDdf u/]/ kf]v/fsf] km]jftfnsf] emNsf] lbg] :j?k lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . tfnkf]v/f clxn] /fdk'/ If]qs} ko{6sLo:yn aGg k'u]sf] 5 . laxfg, lbpF;f], ;fFem h'g;'s} a]nf klg oxfF cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsG5 . tfnsf] aLrdf /x]sf] dlGb/df k"hfcfhfsf nflu k|j]zåf/ ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . /fdk'/df tfnkf]v/fafx]s ;Ltfs'08, l;4afaf dlGb/, v}/]gL dlGb/ klg cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsG5 . /fdk'/df ko{6gsf] k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zon] Eo"6fj/ ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] 5 . Eo"6fj/af6 kfNkf, :ofª\hf / tgx'F lhNnfsf ;dy/ 6f/x?, gfuj]nL cfsf/df au]sf] sfnLu08sL gbL;Fu} P]ltxfl;s /fwf bfdf]b/ dlGb/ s]nfbL, vf]K6f/sf] kf6L, tfnkf]v/f, cf]sLafh] kfs{nufotsf ko{6sLo If]qx? Eo"6fj/af6 b]Vg ;lsG5 . ko{6gsf nflu sfnLu08sL t6Lo If]qdf /x]sf tLyf{6gsf 3f6x? ;a}sf cfˆgf] Oltxf; / dxTj /x]sf] 5 . t/ klg b]j3f6, l/8L, ;]tLj]gL, un]Zj/ / d'lQmgfysf] dxTj eg] leGg /x]sf] 5 . tLyf{6gsf ko{6sx? cGo 3f6df eGbf oL 7fpFdf w]/} k'U5g\ . n'lDagL k|b]zsf] u'NdL, kfNkf / u08sL k|b]zsf] :ofª\ hf lhNnfsf] ;+ud:yn l/8L cyf{t ?? If]q g]kfnsf] rf/ wfddWo]sf] Ps / g]kfnsf] agf/; eg]/ lrlgG5 . l/8Ldf l/8L vf]nf / sfnLu08sL ldl;Psf] 5 . sfnLu08sL / l/8L vf]nfsf] bf]efg g} l/8L cyf{t ?? If]q xf] . ?? If]q tLyf{6g ko{6gsf] nflu wfld{s, P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts / k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf] w/f]x/ dflgG5 . l/8Ldf Clifs]zsf] dlGb/ / cGo b]jL b]jtfsf d7dlGb/ / d"lt{x? klg 5g\ t/ ;a} dlGb/dWo] Clifs]zsf] d"lt{ ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 . ;+;f/d} Pp6} sfnf] zflnu|fdn] ag]sf] d"lt{ Clifs]z dlGb/sf] d"lt{dfq xf] . l/8Ldf g]kfns} gd"gfsf] ?kdf ltgd'v] emf]n'+u] k'n ag]sf] 5 . tLyf{6g ko{6sx?nfO{ ??df k'u]sf] a]nf k'naf6 ofqf u/L tLg lhNnfdf k'Ug] yk ;'ljwf ePsf] 5 . l/8L k'Ubf ko{6sx?n] kfNkf tfg;]g j/k/sf /d0fLo:yn dfq xf]Og kfNkfsf P]ltxfl;s d7 dlGb/ ;d]t cjnf]sg ug{ ;S5g\ . cfhef]ln ;8s oftfoftsf] ;'ljwfn] tfg;]g k'Ug] ko{6sx? /fgL3f6 x'Fb} :ofª\hfsf] cfndb]jL x'Fb} lddL{b]lv hnofqfdf ;]tLa]gLdf k'Ug ;S5g\ . ;]tLa]gLdf pQ/k"j{af6 k}o' vf]nf cyf{t ;]tL vf]nf sfnLu08sLdf ldl;G5 . ;]tLa]gLaf6 klZrdtkm{ u'NdL / k"j{kl§ ka{t lhNnfaf6 Kof/fnn ?kdf DofUbLsf] a]gL ahf/;Dd sfnLu08sLsf] b'a} tkm{ df]6/af6f] cyf{t sl/8f]/ ag]sf] 5 . 7fpF 7fpFdf sfnLu08sL dfly kj{t–u'NdL / kj{t–afUn'ª hf]8\g] nfdfnfdf / cUnf emf]n'Ë] k'nx? ag]sf 5g\ . afUn'ª an]jf–s'Zdf jl/kl/sf emf]n'Ë] k'n s'Zdf–1f+bL, s'Zdf–lzz{j' f, s'Zdf–an]jf, kfË– afUn'ª / s'Zdf–jn]jf oflGqs k'n dfq xf]Og ljZj k|l;4 Plzofsf] bf];|f] nfdf] / cUnf] al~hhDk k'nx?n] ko{6sx?n] cjnf]sg ug{ ;S5g\ . al~hhDk k'nsf] 5]j}df u'Kt]Zj/ u'kmf klg kb{5 . dfn9'+uf gk'Ub} kfFud"lg gofF k'ndf ;x;| wf/f e]l6G5 . a]gL ahf/ glhs} sfnLu08sLsf] 5]pdf un]Zj/ dlGb/ /x]sf] 5 . ef/tsf] cof]Wofdf lgdf{0f ePsf] /fd dlGb/df un]Zj/wfd glhs} sfnLu08sL lsgf/sf] lznfaf6 ag]sf] d"lt{ /flvPsf] 5 . un]Zj/ wfdaf6 d':tfªtkm{ nfUbf sfnLu08sL gbL 5]p kfl/k§L lzv / wf/fdf csf]{ lzjfno dlGb/ / kljq cf>d kb{5 . ko{6sx?n] ofqfdf e'?ª tftf]kfgL s'08 / bfgf kfl/k§L gf/Rofª du/ufpFdl' g kg]{ /d0fLo em/gf cjnf]sg ug{ ;S5g\ . csf]{tkm{ ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] cGwf uN5L / ?K;] em/gfn] ko{6sx?nfO{ cfsif{0f ub{5 . sfua]gLb]lv d'lQmgfy hfg] dfu{nfO{ 5f8]/ cufl8 a9]kl5 pkNnf] d':tfª k|j]z ul/G5 . pkNnf] d':tfª hfFbf l3ln+u, wld, wfsdf/ x'Fb} r/f+u ufpF k'luG5 . ToxfFaf6 Ps lbgsf] ofqfdf 3LufpF, of/fufpF, n'/L u'Daf x'Fb} So"d' nf e~HofË eP/ bfdf]b/s'08 klg k'Ug ;lsG5 .

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bafa ofqf M k|fl1s ljBfyL{ kl/ ifb\ g] kfnsf] cfof] hgfdf lzIff If] qsf] ;du| ;'wf/ sf nflu / fi6«JofkL z} lIfs cleofg @)*) cGtu{t z'qmaf/ 3f] / fxLdf ljBfyL{x?n] lgsfn] sf] bafa ¥ofnL . 3f] / fxLsf] lakL rf] saf6 Kn] sf8{;lxt lg: s] sf] ¥ofnL 6«flkms rf] s, xl: k6n nfOg, bfdf] b/ rf] s x'“b} efg' rf] sdf k'u] / sf] 0f;efdf kl/ 0ft ePsf] lyof] . tl: j/ M s'nbLk Gof} kfg]

s';'G8fx? ;'k}nfd} a:g ;xdt kl/ifb\sf] &^ cf}+ jfrsdf cle If]qL 3f] / fxL, @^ df3 -o';_– nf] kf] Gd'v s';'08f hfltn] 3f] / fxL–!* ;'k} nfv'6Ldf a: g ;xdlt hgfPsf 5g\ . PsLs[t j: tLsf] dfu ub} { cfPsf pgLx?n] k"hf{ lbg / 3/ af; agfOlbg ;/ sf/ ;“u dfu u/ ] sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] clxn] a;] s} 7fp“df ;+/ rgf agfO{ gfddf u/ fOlbg cfu|x u/ ] . s';'G8f ;dfhsf cWoIf wgaxfb'/ ag/ fhf s';'G8fsf] cWoIftf Pj+ 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf pkk|d'v x'df l8;Lsf] cWoIftfdf z'qmaf/ ePsf] a} 7sdf ;'k} nfnfO{ j: tL 5gf] 6 ul/ Psf] xf] . To; If] qdf tLgj6f 3/ agfO{ s';'G8fx? jiff} {+b] lv a: b} cfPsf 5g\ . …

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3/ agfpg] xf] Ú– k|d'v cltly pkd] o/ l8;Ln] eGg'eof] – …3/ gePsfsf] ljj/ 0f agfpg';\ / dfu ug{ k|lqmof ldnfP/ cfpg';\ .Ú j8f: t/ af6 k|lqmof k"/ f ul/ lbg] 3f] / fxL–!* sf ;b: o l6sf yfkfsf] egfO lyof] . …PsLs[t j: tL xfd|f] dfu xf] To;f] eP ;a} lrh Jojl: yt x'G5Ú– ;dfhsf cWoIf s';'G8fn] eGg'eof] – …efiff ;+: s[ltsf] hu] gf{ ug{ ;S5f} + .Ú pxf“n] cfocfh{gsf nflu ;Lk / a: g] af; rflxPsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ b] ze/ Ps ;o &) hgf s';'G8f hflt 5g\ . Ps} 7fp“ eP ;fd'bflos ejg klg rflxG5 . clxn] ;Dd s;} sf] klg cfkm\gf] gfddf hldg 5} g .

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xfdLsxf“ cfPsf] 5 . tL lgj] bg ca xfdLn] x] b} {5f} Ú+ – pxf“n] eGg'eof] – … klxn] xfdLn] lgj] bg cWoog u5f} {+ . To;kl5 ;/ sf/ n] agfPsf] sfo{ljlw cg';f/ sfd u5f} {+ .Ú d'2f k|zf;gdf / x“bf Jo: t / xg] ljleGg lgsfosf ;b: o / x] sf] ;ldltn] 5nkmn u/ fpg'kg] { Joj: yf Psflt/ lyof] eg] csf] {lt/ b'a} kIf 5nkmndf gh'6\bf 5nkmn g} x'g ;s] sf] lyPg . ld6/ Aofh;DaGwL k/ ] sf] ph'/ Ldfly 5fglag Pj+ cg';Gwfg ubf{ C0fLx¿nfO{ yf] / } / sd lbP/ To;jfkt a9Lsf] skfnL td;'s u/ fPsf] , bf] Aa/ t] Aa/ ;Dd a9Lsf] a} +s r] s / hUuf hldg, 38] / L lwtf] jfkt cfkm\gf gfddf / lh: 6«] zg u/ fPsf] kfOPsf] lyof] . ;/ sf/ n] @)&( ;fn r} t @) ut] ljz] if cbfntsf k"j{GofofwLz uf} / Laxfb'/ sfsL{sf] cWoIftfdf k"j{PcfOhL pQd/ fh ;'j] bL / k"j{;xdxfGofoflwjQmf u0f] z/ fh cof{n ;b: o / x] sf] cfof] u u7g u/ ] sf] lyof] . ;f] cfof] un] cf7 dlxgfsf] cWoogkl5 ;/ sf/ nfO{

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3f] / fxL, @^ df3 . / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\ bfª zfvfsf] &^ cf} + Psn jfrgdf z'qmaf/ cle If] qL -;dk{0f_ n] uhn, uLt / d'Qms ;'gfpg'ePsf] 5. kl/ ifb\sf lhNnf cWoIf bLks zdf{ -;ld/ _ sf] cWoIftf, / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\sf s] Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ k'?iff] Qd vgfnsf] k|d'v cfltYotf ;flxTosf/ u0f] z ljifdsf] ljlzli6 cfltYotfdf 3f] / fxLdf sfo{qmd ld6/ AofhkLl8tx¿sf] lgj] bg k/ ] sf lyP . k|ltj] bgcg';f/ kLl8t / ;fx'aLr kf“r ca{ %& s/ f] 8 !( nfv ?k} of“sf] n] gb] g ePsf] sfuhft km] nf k/ ] sf] lyof] . b'O{ ca{ kf“r s/ f] 8 ^) nfv ?k} of“sf] lnvt sfuhft gb] lvPsf] klg cfof] un] hfgsf/ L lbPsf] lyof] . lgj] bg k/ ] sfdWo] Ps ca{ &@ s/ f] 8 *^ nfv ?k} of“ eg] ;xdltdf 6'+luPsf] lyof] . clxn] ;Dd kLl8tx¿sf] ;a} ;d: of ;dfwfg gePs} sf/ 0fn] ;/ sf/ n] of] ;DaGwL sfg'gsf] bfo/ f klg a9fp“b} nu] sf] 5 .

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o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf 3f] / fxL, @^ df3 . lbj+ut k|fWofks ubfw/ kf} 8] nsf] : d[ltdf n] vs ;+3 bfªdf k'/ : sf/ cIfosf] if : yfkgf ul/ Psf] 5 . kf} 8] nsL wd{kTgL zfGtf kf} 8] n / 5f] / fx?n] tLg nfv / fzLsf] k|f= ubfw/ kf} 8] n : d[lt jfª\do k'/ : sf/ sf nflu cIfosf] if : yfkgf ug'{ePsf] n] vs ;+3 bfªsf cWoIf vu/ fh

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Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof] hgf u/ L z'qmaf/ / sd x: tfGt/ 0f ul/ Psf] xf] . cIfosf] ifaf6 cfpg] Jofh / sdn] x/ ] s jif{ g] kfnsf] k"jL{o ;flxTodf snd rnfpg] ;flxTosf/ x?nfO{ k'/ : sf/ lbOg] 5 . n] vs ;+3n] lj1lKt lgsfn] / k'/ : sf/ sf nflu cIfosf] if : yfkgf u/ ] sf] df kf} 8] n kl/ jf/ k|lt wGojfb 1fkg u/ ] sf] 5 .

7] Ssf cGtu{t Pp6f Kofs] hsf] ;a} sfd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 eg] b'O{j6f Kofs] hsf] sfd clGtd r/ 0fdf k'u] sf] sfof{no k|d'v sf] km"nf >] i7n] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . klxnf] Kofs] hsf] &) k|ltzt, bf] ;|f] Kofs] hsf] !)% k|ltzt / t] ;|f] Kofs] hsf] &^ k|ltzt ef} lts k|ult ePsf] 5 . rfn' of] hgfx? oxL cfly{s jif{df ;DkGg x'g] sfof{nosf] egfO 5 . …w] / } jif{;Dd cl3 a9\g g;s] sf] cfof] hgf lyof] . k|b] z ;/ sf/ n] uf} / jsf] cfof] hgfleq ;dfj] z u/ ] / o;nfO{ cl3 a9fPsf] xf] Ú– sfof{no k|d'v >] i7n] eGg'eof] – …rf/ j6f Kofs] h ag] . h;dWo] tLgj6f 7] Ssfdf uP . Pp6f pkef] Qmfaf6 ug{'kg{] lyof] . pkef] Qmfaf6 ug{'kg{] sfd cem} + af“sL 5 .Ú d'Vo gx/ agfpg] , Aof/ ] n,

;xfos gx/ , kSsL sNe{6, kfgL af6\g] ;+/ rgf agfpg] u/ L sfd cl3 a9] sf] lyof] . clxn] gf/ fo0fk'/ k|0ffnLsf] k'gM ;e{] ug{'kg{] cj: yf cfPsf] 5 . cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog x“'b} hf“bf k'gM ;e{] u/ ] / ;+/ rgfx? yKg'kg{] cj: yf b] lvPsf] 5 . …clxn] rln/ x] s} sfddf yk sfd lbg ldNb} g . h;n] ubf{ k'gM ;e{] u/ ] / sfdnfO{ cl3 a9fpg'kg{] cj: yf 5 . xfdLn] dflyNnf] lgsfodf ;a} ljj/ 0fx? k7fPsf 5f} +Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …bz jif{cl3 ag] sf ;+/ rgfx? klg 5g\ . tL ;+/ rgfnfO{ ;'wf/ ub{} kfgL ;~rfng of] Uo agfpg] ;+sNk xf] .Ú rfn' cfly{s jif{af6 kfgL ;~rfngsf] of] hgf / flvPsf] ePklg ef} lts lgdf{0f ug{'kg{] sfd cem} + af“sL / x] sfn] kfgL ;~rfngsf] cjlw yk nlDag] b] lvPsf] 5 .

xf8hf]gL{ b'Vg] afy /f]u / bd s]an Ps xKtfd} cf/fd w zL3| ktg /f]Sg], of} g pQ]hgf a9fpg] / of]gf+usf] ljsf; u/fpg] w dlxnfx?sf] k]6df /x]sf] ;]tf] w;f{ / lr/f x6fpg] gf] ;fO8 w skfn emg{ /f]sL k'gM pdfg]{ .

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3f] / fxL, @^ df3 . n'lDagL k|b] zsf : jf: YodGqL / fh' vgfnn] ljZjdf k|lt: kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] hgzlQm tof/ ug{ kl/ jf/ , ljBfno / ljBfyL{sf] ;+o'Qm k|of; cfjZos kg] { atfpg'ePsf] 5 .

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To: t} jL/ axfb'/ rf} w/ L / k|b] zgL rf} w/ Ln] 5f] / L lzjf rf} w/ Lsf] : d[ltdf : yfkgf u/ ] sf] lzjf : d[lt 5fqa[lQaf6 sIff & sf k|1fg kf} 8] nnfO{ k'/ : s[t ul/ Psf] 5.

dfnkf]t sfof{no t'n;Lk'/, bfªsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf †

d]/f] gfddf btf{ >]:tf ePsf] tkl;n adf]lhdsf] lsQf hUufsf] df]xL bfª t'n;Lk'/–$ ufpF a:g] ltn axfb'/ a:g]t hUuf ef]u ug{ 5f]8L kl/jf/;lxt a;fO;/fO u/L cGoq uPsf] sf/0f cfˆgf] hUuf cfkm} 3/v]tLdf sdfO{ cfPsf]n] lgh df]xL ltn axfb'/ a:g]t sf] gfd df]xL nutjf6 s6fOkfpF egL bfª t'n;Lk'/ p=d=g=kf= j8f g+= $ ufpF a:g] /]u axfb'/ jnLn] p=d=g=kf= sf] l;kmfl/; ;fy o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg btf{ u/fO ;gfvt u/]sf] cfwf/df df]xL ltn axfb'/ a:g]tsf] gfddf hf/L !% -kGw|_ lbg] Dofb j]kQ] eGg] Joxf]/fjf6 Dofb tfd]nL e} cfPsf] ufpF ;h{ldgjf6 df]xL a;fO;/fO u/L cGoq uPsf] b]lvg cfPsf] / ldlt @)*).)(.!# df k|sflzt df]] xL xsbfaL ;DaGwL !% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] xs Dofbleq sf]xL s;}sf] xs bfaL ph'/L kg{ gcfPsfn] clGtd k6s ljz]if cbfnt P]g @)%( sf] bkmf !)-(_ adf]lhd of] #) lbg] df]xL xsbfjL u/L cfpg]]af/]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . tkl;nsf lsQf hUufdf df]xL÷df]xLsf kl/jf/ jf xsnfUg] cGo sf]xL s;}sf] hf]tef]u eP jf df]xLsf] gfd nutjf6 s§f x'gg' kg]{ s'g} dgfl;j sf/0f eP of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #) lbgleq ;a't k|df0f;lxt e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no bfªdf xsbfaL ph'/L ug{ cfkm} jf sfg'g adf]lhd jf/]; clVtof/ u/L k7fpg'xf]nf cGoyf dfubfaL adf]lhd df]xLsf] gfd df]xL nutjf6 s§f e} hfg] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .

hf“8 /S;L

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf

g]kfn ;/sf/

df]xLsf] xsbfaL ug{ cfpg]af/] e"ld;'wf/ tyf dfnkf]t sfof{no bfªsf] ;"rgf †

l;wf ;Dks{ M

3f]/fxLb]lv & ls=ld= b'/Ldf :yfg M ;}3f b'O{vf]nL÷kfvfkfgL afv|f / a+u'/kfngsf] nflu clt pkof]uL

cl3 a9fPsf] 5 . …gf/ fo0fk'/ k|0ffnLsf] sfd cnkq lyof] . clxn] cfof] hgfnfO{ ult lbg yflnPsf] ;+s] t b] lvPsf] 5 . t/ of] kof{Kt 5} gÚ– : yfgLo cu'jf afnuf] ljGb rf} w/ Ln] eGg'eof] – … xfdL : yfgLo kfgL s'/ ] / a;] sf] jiff} {+ eof] t/ To;sf] nfe kfPgf} + .Ú gf/ fo0fk'/ k|0ffnL k"j{df / fKtL ufp“kflnsfsf] sf] xn'jfb] lv klZrddf ndxL gu/ kflnsfsf] au} ;f] tf;Dd !# lsnf] ld6/ km} lnPsf] 5 . / fKtL ufp“kflnsfsf] j8f gDa/ %, * / ndxL gu/ kflnsfsf] j8f g+= ! / # o;sf] sdfG8 If] q x'g . cnkq gf/ fo0fk'/ k|0ffnLnfO{ ;DkGg ug{ plta] nf @) s/ f] 8 nfut nfUg] lj: t[t kl/ of] hgf l/ kf] 6{ -l8lkcf/ _ tof/ kfl/ Psf] lyof] . ToxL cfwf/ df k|uGgf tyf a8\sfky l;+rfO{ Joj: yfkg sfof{non] tLgj6f Kofs] hdf 7] Ssf nufP/ ef} lts lgdf{0fsf] sfd cl3 a9fPsf] lyof] . of]

kf}8]nsf] :d[ltdf cIfosf]if :yfkgf

g]kfn ;/sf/

(*$&*&*%)% (*)(%*#!%^

;:tf] hUuf cfwf d"Nodf @ nfv kg]{ hUuf () xhf/ s7\7fsf] d"Nodf

ePsf] lyof] . zAbdf sf] dn t/ uDeL/ s'/ f JoQm ePsf] ;dLIfs / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\ sf s] Gb|Lo cWoIf 8f= 6Lsf/ fd pbf;Ln] atfpg'eof] . kl/ ifb\sf pkfWoIf zf/ bf zdf{n] : jfut ug'{ePsf] sfo{qmddf clen] !@ j6f uhn, b'O{j6f d'Qms / tLg j6f uLt ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] . jfrs clenfO{ sb/ kqn] ;Ddfg ul/ Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng kl/ ifb\ sf lhNnf ;lrj k|sfz s] ;Ln] ug'[{ePsf] lyof] .

btf{jfnfsf] gfd, y/ uf=lj=;= j8f g+= lsQf g+= If]qkmn df]xLsf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf /]u axfb'/ jnL nfx'/]rf}/ $v &&÷!*! )–)@–!@ ltn a= a:g]t t'n;Lk'/–$ bfª

3f]/fxL– !*, bfª

38]/L laqmLdf

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf

3f] / fxL, @^ df3 . g] kfn lga[Q / fi6«;] js ;dfh bfªsf] !$ cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/ 0f;ef z'qmaf/ 3f] / fxLdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . g] kfn lga[Q / fi6«;] js ;dfh bfªsf cWoIf rt'/ dfg 8f“uLsf] cWoIftf Pj+ bfªsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/ L / fdaGw' ;'j] bLsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ kflnsf–!% sf cWoIf / d] zs'df/ kf08] , g] kfn lghfdtL sd{rf/ L o'lgog n'lDagL k|b] zsf cWoIf afdb] j zdf{, g] kfn lghfdtL sd{rf/ L o'lgog bfªsf cWoIf >Lw/ clwsf/ L, lghfdtL ;] jfsf] tkm{af6 xl/ k|;fb kf08] o, g] kfn lga[Q / fi6«;] js ;dfh bfªsf ;Nnfxsf/ ;+of] hs o'j/ fh zdf{, g] kfn ljz] if ;] gfsf]

tkm{af6 gGbs'df/ lwtfn, bfª lhNnf pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3sf jl/ i7 pkfWoIf g/ ] z >] i7, g] kfn lga[Q / fi6«;] js ;dfhsf k|b] z ;+of] hs zfGt/ fh clwsf/ L, g] kfn lga[Q / fi6«;] js ;dfh bfªsf cfhLjg ;b: o lgd{nf yfkf, g] kfn lga[Q / fi6«;] js ;dfh bfªsf ;Nnfxsf/ uf] ljGbaxfb'/ yfkf nufotn] z'esfdgf dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf g] kfn lga[Q / fi6«;] js ;dfh bfªsf] cfly{s ultljlw;lxt cfly{s k|ltj] bg sf] iffWoIf k|] ds'df/ zdf{n] k|: t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] k|ult k|ltj] bg dxf;lrj s] zj/ fh 9sfnn] k|: t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . al/ i7 pkfWoIf e'k] Gb| ;'j] bLsf] : jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng xf] d e';fnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf–!^ ;fgL cDafk'/ ;/f{, bfª kmf]g g+= )*@–%^@^)!, (*%&*#!^*$, (*%&*#%((), (*%&*#&@%% Web: www.rec.edu.np, Email: info@rec.edu.np

j8f g+= @s

lsQf g+= ^%&

If] qkmn )–)–!$=%

hUufwgLsf] gfd lx/fnfn yf?

bfª lhNnf t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsf j8f g+= !# a: g] lx/ fnfn yf?sf] @)%@ ;fndf d[To' ePsf] lghsf] Ps dfq kTgL sfnL y?gLsf] ldlt @)^%.!@.)@ ut] d[To' ePsf] lgh klt kTgLaf6 # efO{ 5f] / fx? h] 7f] a'l4/ fd rf} w/ L, dfOnf] >L/ fd rf} w/ L / sfG5f] / fdhL rf} w/ Lsf] hGd ePsf] 5f] / Lx? ;a} sf] ljjfx e} ;s] sf] d[ts hUufwgLsf] kfngkf] if0f / d[To'kl5sf] sfhlqmof vr{ 5f] / fx?n] u/ ] sf] d[ts lx/ fnfn yf?sf gfddf btf{ ePsf] km"naf/ L @s ls=g+ ^%& h=lj= )–)–!$=% hUufsf] df] 7 >] :tf ldlt @)%*.)*.)* ut] dfnkf] t sfof{no 3f] / fxLdf cfuhgL eO{ hn] / gi6 ePsf] hUufwgL k|df0f k"hf{ x/ fPsf] pNn] lvt hUuf lgh cfkm} n] ef] urng ul/ / x] sf] pNn] lvt hUuf d[tssf gfddf df] 7 >] :tf sfod u/ L c+lzof/ x?sf ;xdltn] d] / f gfddf Psnf} 6L gfd;f/ L ul/ kfpF egL t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsf !# g+= j8f sfof{nosf] ls6fgL l;kmfl/; ;h{ldg ;+nUg / fvL / fdhL rf} w/ Ln] dfu lgj] bg u/ ] sfn] lgj] bssf] dfu adf] lhd x'g'kg] { xf] jf xf] Og ;fy} sf] xL xsbf/ eP of] xsbfjL ;DaGwL ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq k|df0f ;lxt bfjL lj/ f] w ug{ cfpg'xf] nf . Dofbleq bfjL lj/ f] w gcfP sfg'g adf] lhd e} hfg] Joxf] / f hfgsf/ L u/ fOG5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/

df]xLsf] xsbfaL ug{ cfpg]af/] e"ld;'wf/ tyf dfnkf]t sfof{no bfªsf] ;"rgf † xfd|f gfddf btf{ >]:tf ePsf] tkl;n adf]lhdsf] lsQf hUufsf] df]xL bfª t'n;Lk'/ p=d=g=kf= j8f g+= !) a:g] sfln k|;fb yf? hUuf ef]u ug{ 5f]8L kl/jf/;lxt a;fOF ;/fO u/L cGoq uPsf] sf/0f cfˆgf] hUuf cfkm} 3/ v]tLdf sdfO{ cfPsf]n] lgh df]xL sfln k|;fb yf?sf] gfd df]xL nutjf6 s6fOkfp egL bfª t'n;Lk'/ p=d=g=kf= j8f g+= !) ufpF a:g] k'ikf /]pn] / /fd axfb'/ /]pn]n] p=d=g=kf= sf] l;kmfl/; ;fy o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg btf{ u/fO{ ;gfvt u/]sf] cfwf/df df]xL sfln k|;fb yf?sf] gfddf hf/L !% -kGw|_ lbg] Dofb j]kQ] eGg] Joxf]/fjf6 Dofb tfd]nL e} cfPsf] ufpF ;h{ldgjf6 df]xL a;fOF;fO u/L cGoq uPsf] b]lvg cfPsf] / ldlt @)*).)(.!# df k|sflzt df]xL xsbfaL ;DaGwL !% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] xsDofbleq sf]xL s;}sf] xsbfaL ph'/L kg{ gcfPsf]n] clGtd k6s ljz]if cbfnt P]g @)%( sf] bkmf !)-(_ adf]lhd of] #) lbg] df]xL xsbfaL u/L u/L cfpg]af/]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . tkl;nsf lsQf hUufdf df]xL÷df]xLsf kl/jf/ jf xs nfUg] cGo sf]xL s;}sf] hf]tef]u eP jf df]xLsf] gfd s§f x'gg' kg]{ s'g} dfgl;j sf/0f eP of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #) lbgleq ;a't k|df0f ;lxt e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no bfªdf xsbfaL ph'/L ug{ cfkm} jf sfg'g adf]lhd jf/]; clVtof/ u/L k7fpg'xf]nf cGoyf dfu adf]lhd df]xL nutjf6 s§f e} hfg] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .

tkl;n btf{jfnfsf] gfd, y/ uf=lj=;= j8f g+= lsQf g+= If]qkmn df]xLsf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf k'ikf /]pn] 6l/ufpF ^s !^)÷#)^ )–!)–!& sfln k|=yf? t'n;Lk'/–!), bfª /fdaxfb'/ /]pn] 6l/ufpF ^s !^)÷#)& )–!)–!^=% sfln k|=yf? t'n;Lk'/–!), bfª

gofF o'uaf]w k|sfzg k|f=ln= åf/f k|sflzt, ;+: yfks Pj+ ;Nnfxsf/ M gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{, cWoIf tyf k|aGw lgb]{zs M k|tfk /]UdL, ;Dkfbs M nIdL cfrfo{, ;dfrf/ ;Dkfbs M h]=Pg= ;fu/

Joj: yfksM Clif/fh kf]v|]n

d'b|s M k|ltef ckm;]6 k|];, sfof{noM 3f]/fxL bfª, n'lDagL k|b]z, g]kfn kmf]g M )*@–%^))*$, %^!#)#, )*@–%^)($*, zfvf sfof{nox?M /fKtL pkTosf -b]pv'/L_– )*@–%()$*%, t'n;Lk'/– %@)($*, ndxL– (*%&*$)@$!, E-mail : yougbodh@gmail.com CMYK