२०८० साल माघ ५ गते शुक्रवार

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(Naya Yugbodh National Daily Jan. 19, 2024)

;b'kof]u ePg bftfsf] hldg b+uLz/0f–@ sf] lgdf{0ffwLg sfof{no ejg q Ps/ fh e08f/ L t'n;Lk'/ , $ df3 . @)^% ;fndf tTsfnLg t'n;Lk'/ gu/ kflnsf j8f g+= !! sf] sfof{no : yfkgfsf nflu cZjf/ fl: yt ;8s 5] psf] Ps s7\7f hUuf bfg lbg'ePsf] lyof] t'n;Lk'/ –* sf ltns a: g] tn] . clxn] Tof] hUufdf ag] sf] ejgsf] cj: yf b] Vbf lsg lbP“ x'“nf eGg] nfUg yfn] sf] pxf“n] ;'gfpg'eof] . : yfgLo txsf] cjwf/ 0ff;“u} Tof] 7fp“ t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf] * gDa/ j8fdf ;d] l6of] / ;a} nfO{ kfos kfg] { eGb} j8f sfof{no ;¥of] . To;kl5 b'O{ jif{ cZjf/ f vfg] kfgLsf] sfof{no / b'O{ jif{ d] 6«f] c: ktfn ToxL ejgdf / x] / ;] jf k|jfx u/ ] . ljut tLg jif{b] lv of] ejg k|of] uljxLg ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …;a} nfO{ ;xh xf] nf eg] / af6f] 5] pdf / x] sf] hUuf bfg ul/ of] t/ Tof] bfgsf] d"Nof+sg ePg . xfdLnfO{ of] Tof] eGg] 5} g . : yfgLo txsf] s'g} Pp6f lgsfo oxf“ a;] / ;] jf k|jfx u/ f] ;\ eGg] dfq} xf] t/ : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] To;tkm{ Wofg lbPsf] 5} g .Ú t'n;Lk'/ sf] tTsfnLg j8f gDa/ ! sf] sfof{no : yfkgfsf nflu / fgfufp“df Zofd/ fh dxt/ fn] bfg

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ndxL, $ df3 . Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no ndxL sfof{no k|dv ' ljxLg ePsf] 5 . sfof{no k|d'v pbo/ fh e§/ fO{sf] sf7df8f} + ;?jf ePkl5 k|zf;g sfof{no k|d'vljxLg ePsf] xf] . sfof{no k|d'v gx“'bf gful/ stf, / fxbfgL, / fli6«o kl/ rokq agfpg] nufotsf sfd k|efljt ePsf 5g\ . ndxL gu/kflnsf, /fKtL ufp“kflnsf,

/ fhk'/ ufp“kflnsf / u9jf ufp“kflnsfsf ## j8fsf ;] jfu|fxLn] ;] jf lng] sfof{no xf] . Ps lbgsf] ofqf u/ ] / ;] jf lng cfpg] ;LdfjtL{ If] qsf gful/ s k|d'vs} sf/ 0f sfd gx'“bf kmls{g'kg{] afWotf 5 . @)&* ;fn ebf} dlxgfdf sfof{no k|d'vsf] ?kdf k|] d vjf; cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . vjf;kl5 sfof{no k|d'vsf] ?kdf u+ u f/ fd kf] v| ] n, rGb| a xfb' / s] ;L, lrGtfdl0f kf] v| ] n sfof{ n o k| d ' v sf]

?kdf sfd ul/ ;s] klg rf/ dlxgf, 5 dlxgf, Ps dlxgf tLg lbg eGbf nfdf] ;do ga;] sf] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . gfoj ;'Aaf O{Zj/ L ef/ tLnfO{ lgldQ sfof{no k|d'vsf] lhDd] jf/ L lbOPsf] 5 t/ ef/ tLn] gful/ stf hf/ L ug{ ldNb} g .

To;} sf/ 0fn] ubf{ clws[t: t/ sf] sfof{no k|d'v cfjZos / x] sf] 5 . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] tTsfnsf] nflu clws[t :t/sf] sd{rf/ L k7fP/ ;d: of ;dfwfg ug{] tof/ L u/ ] sf] hgfPsf] 5 .

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…e"sDkdf afFlrof], lr;f]sf] 8/ 5Ú q a'l4 k'g ;Nofg, $ df3 . ;Nofgsf] bfdf{ ufp“kflnsf–% / fp6] jf8fsL t'n;f v8\sfsf] b'O{ j6} 3/ e"sDkn] eTsfPkl5 Ps dlxgf;Dd pxf“sf] kl/ jf/ sf] af; lqkfnd"lg eof] . ;/ sf/ n] pknAw u/ fPsf] klxnf] ls: tf jfkt lbPsf] @% xhf/ n] pxf“n] c: yfoL 6x/ f lgdf{0f ug'{eof] . t/ lbglbg} a9\b} uPsf] lr;f] af6 c: yfoL 6x/ fn] hf] ufpg ;s] g . pxf“sf] h] 7f] 5f] / f la/ fdL 5g\ . Psflt/ dWo lxp“bsf] lr;f] , csf] {lt/ b'[O{ xKtfb] lv la/ fdL 5f] / f . pxf“nfO{ lr;f] af6 5f] / fnfO{ hf] ufpg d'lZsn 5 . bfdf{ ufp“kflnsf–@ lnhfkfhfsL eb|L kf08] e"sDk hf“bf ue{jtL x'g'x'GYof] . e"sDkkl5sf] lqkfnsf] af; / lr;f] n] pxf“n] aRrf arfpg ;Sg'ePg . hGd] sf] s] xL ;dokl5 lzz'sf] d[To' eof] . pxf“ cfkm" klg la/ fdL x'g'x'G5 . …lr;f] w] / } eof] , l6g / lqkfnaf6 zLt em5{, ljxfg p7\bf t cf] 9\g] cf] 5\ofpg] leh] sf x'G5g\Ú– pxf“ eGg'x'G5– …lr;f] s} sf/ 0f xf] ls s] xf] , aRrf hlGdof] t/ arfpg ;lsPg\ .Ú lbgx“' a9\b} uPsf] lr;f] n] lqkfn / c: yfoL 6x/ fdf a;] sf clwsf+z afnaflnsf, bL3{/ f] uL j[4j[4f la/ fdL 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ CMYK

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x/fp“b} hnk+IfL

q bz/ y l3ld/ ] b] pv'/ L, $ df3 . / fKtL gbLdf of] l;hgdf r/ fx? x'n af“‘w] / t} l/ Gy] . v] Ny] . g'xfpy] . / dfp“y] . t/ clxn] ayfgdf cfpg] r/ f 5} gg\ . r/ fn] ;'/ lIft : yfg dfGg] gbL t6Lo If] qdf dflg;sf] pkl: ylt a9] sf] 5 . o;cl3 r/ f b] lvg] : yfg clxn] ;'g;fg h: t} aGg yfn] sf 5g\ . lat] sf] bz jif{sf] cjlwdf / fKtL gbL lsgf/ cf;kf;df 9'+uf, lu6\6L, afn'jfsf] pTvgg\, qm;/ pBf] usf] : yfkgf, dfgj j: tLsf] lj: tf/ , s[lifdf ljiffbLsf] k|of] u h: tf lqmofsnfkn] ubf{ r/ fx?sf] af;: yfgdf c;/ k/ ] sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ ljutdf h: tf] ;lhnf] ;“u clxn] r/ fx? e] l6b} gg\ . r/ fx?n] klg cfkm\gf] a;f] jf; km] g{ yfn] sf 5g\ . ndxL gu/ kflnsf–$ ;] d|xjfsf u0f] z s'dfnn] / fKtL gbLdf nfdf] 3f“‘6L ePsf] / cUnf] sb ePsf] xf“; b] lvg} 5f8] sf] atfpg'eof] . To;df klg ayfgdf cfpg] r/ f t emg b] lvg} 5f8] sf 5g\ . …/ fKtL gbLsf] kfgLdf v] Ng y'k|} r/ f cfp“y] . clxn] t klxn] h: tf] b] lvb} gg\Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …7"nf] xf“; b] lvGYof] . To;nfO{

xfdLn] …aS6fÚ eGYof} + . Tof] t cfpg} 5f8\of] .Ú gbL If] qdf dflg;sf] cfphfp a9] kl5 r/ fx? lj: yflkt x'g yfn] sf 5g\ . cem d'lZsnn] e] l6g] r/ f klg l;sf/ Lsf] lg;fgfdf k5{g\ . lr;f] 5Ng / fKtL gbLdf cfpg] cfuGt's r/ fnfO{ klg lzsf/ Ln] dfg] { qmd 36] sf] 5} g . …clxn] klg r/ f lzsf/ u/ ] / vfG5g\ . rv] jf, hn] jf df/ ] / vfg] u/ ] sf] b] v] sf 5f} + . s;n] / f] Sg] xf] nfÚ– s'dfnn] eGg'eof] – …of] l;hgdf rv] jfsf] cfjfhn] gbL u'~hfodfg x'GYof] . clxn] t uf8L df] 6/ sf] cfjfh dfq} ;'lgG5 .Ú / fKtL gbL cfuGt's r/ fx?sf] cfsif{0fsf] s] Gb| xf] . lxdfndf lr;f] a9\bf t/ fO{ emg{] r/ fx? / fKtL gbLdf cfpg] u5{g\ . olt dfq} xf] Og ljb] zaf6 ;d] t r/ fx? / fKtL gbLsf] kfgLdf a: g cfpg] u/ ] sf 5g\ . rv] jf o'/ f] k, rLg, ?;, ch/ j} hfg h: tf b] zaf6 g] kfndf lr;f] 5Ng cfpg] u5{g\ . tL rv] jfx? / fKtL gbLdf klg e] l6g] u/ ] sf 5g\ . cfuGt's r/ fx?sf] / fd|f] uGtAo: yn g] kfn alg/ x] sf] eP klg

r/ fx?sf] af;: yfg / pgLx?sf] cg's"nsf] jftfj/ 0f 36\b} hf“bf r/ fx?sf] ;'/ Iff lrGtfsf] ljifo aGb} uPsf] g] kfn k+IfL ;+/ If0f ;+3sf kl/ of] hgf clws[t e'kfn g] kfnLn] atfpg'eof] . …/ fKtL gbL dxTjk"0f{ r/ f ;+/ If0f If] qdf k5{ . lxp“bsf] ;dodf oxf“ cfuGt's r/ fsf] cfsif{0f a9\5 . t/ lj: tf/ } oxf“ cfpg] r/ fx?n] af;: yfg km] g{ yfn] sf] b] lvPsf] 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …o;sf] sf/ 0f eg] s} r/ fx?sf] af;: yfg c;'/ lIft x'g' xf] . r/ f ko{6gsf] ;Defjgf ljZje/ a9] / uPsf] b] lvG5 . xfdLn] r/ f ;+/ If0f u/ ] / ko{6s leœofpg ;S5f} + .

To; lbzfdf tLg txs} ;/ sf/ / ;d'bfon] rf;f] lbg'kg{] b] lvG5 .Ú r/ fsf] rf] / L lzsf/ x'g] , r/ fsf] af;: yfgsf] ?kdf / x] sf] l;d;f/ If] q cltqmd0f x'“b} hfg', gbLhGo kbfy{sf] pTvgg\ a9\g', gbL lsgf/ df qm;/ pBf] ux? : yfkgf x'g', dflg;sf] af;: yfg lj: tf/ x'g', r/ fsf] p8fgdf cj/ f] w cfpg' h: tf ;d: ofx? a9\b} hf“‘bf hnk+IfLsf] cfjthfjt jif{] lg 36\b} uPsf] ljleGg cWoogn] b] vfPsf] 5 . …gbL af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

5 lsnf] ld6/ df …l: 6n Jofl/ o/ Ú / flvg] ePsf] 5 . ef} lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno, ;8s ljefudfkm{t cfPsf] ;ft s/ f] 8 *( nfv rf/ xhf/ kf“r ;o !& ah] 6n] ;8s ;'/ Iff ;'wf/ sf] sfd ug{ yflnPsf] >] i7n] atfpg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ ;8s lgdf{0fsf] lhDdf 8«fdf–hnhnf–/ ] 8–cy{ h] eLn] lnPsf] 5 . ;8ssf] @)*! c;f/ @@ df ;Sg] u/ L ;Demf} tf eO{ lgdf{0f z'? ul/ Psf] 5 . ;8s k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfof{nosf k|d'v rGb|axfb'/ ;fxn] tf/ hfnL, Uofljg kvf{n, Knd sª\lqm6 6] jf kvf{n, cf/ l;;L kvf{n, x\o'dkfOknufot sfdsf nflu b'O{ s/ f] 8 *# nfv &* xhf/ kf“r ;o @@ sf] ;Demf} tf u/ L sfd z'¿ ul/ Psf] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . kf} 8] n sG: 6«S;g ;lGwvs{ c3f{vf“rLn] 7] Ssf lnO{ @)*!

c;f/ !@ leq ;Sg] u/ L 7] Ssf ;Demf} tf ePsf] xf] . b'O{ dlxgfdf ;8s vf] nL oftfoft ;~rfng ug] { tof/ L / x] sf] b'a} sfof{non] hgfPsf 5g\ . k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfof{nosf k|d'v ;fxn] eGg'eof] – …r} t;Dd oftfoft rnfpg ldNg] u/ L sfd eO/ x] sf] 5, o;nfO{ hlt;Sof] l56f] ug] {5f} + .Ú ;fxn] ;f“3'/ f] ;8s km/ flsnf] , sfnf] kq] dd{t, 6«flkms ;'/ Iffn] : ju{åf/ L ofqf ;'/ lIft agfpg] p2] Zo / x] sf] ;d] t atfpg'eof] . leª\u|L–: ju{åf/ L ;8s a'waf/ / flt !@ ah] b] lv csf{] ;"rgf gcfP;Ddsf nflu aGb ul/ Psf] 5 . ;+o'Qm lj1lKt hf/ L u/ L wfld{s ko{6snfO{ j} slNks dfu{ k|of] u ug{ cfu|x ul/ Psf] 5 . : ju{åf/ L k'Ug 3f] / fxL x'“b} hfg] af6f] oyfjt 5 eg] leª\u|L–wgjfª–w/dkfgL ;8saf6 klg hfg ;lsG5 .

Onfsf k|zf;g ndxL k|d'vljxLg ;'/lIft aGb} leª\u|L–:ju{åf/L ;8s

aflnsf anfTsf/ sf] cf/ f] kdf tLghgf kqmfp 3f] / fxL, $ df3 -o';_– ;ft jifL{of aflnsfnfO{ anfTsf/ ug] { / ug{ nufpg] tLghgfnfO{ k|x/ Ln] kqmfp u/ ] sf] 5 . kqmfp kg] {df / fhk'/ ufp“kflnsf–^ sf !) jifL{o b'O{hgf afns / anfTsf/ ug{ b'?T;fxg ug] { / fhk'/ ufp“kflnsf–& sf $# jifL{o ;'sjL/ s'dfn / x] sf] k|x/ Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . kqmfp k/ ] sf tLg} hgfnfO{ Dofb yk u/ L cg';Gwfg yflnPsf] 5 .

lbPsf] hUufdf agfOPsf] ejgsf] xfnt klg p: t} 5 . @)&$ kl5 t'n;Lk'/ –!) / ! gDa/ j8fnfO{ ld;fP/ # gDa/ j8f agfOof] . To;kl5 j8f sfof{no ;/ ] / bdf/ ufp“df uof] . To;kl5 k|of] uljxLg ePsf] ejgdf : yfgLox?sf] kxndf gu/ : jf: Yo s] Gb| : yfkgf ul/ of] . kl5 cfkm\gf] ejg lgdf{0f eP nuQ} gu/ : jf: Yo s] Gb| ;¥of] . b'O{ jif{b] lv of] ejg k|of] uljxLg 5 eg] k|f+u0f uf} r/ 0fdf kl/ 0ft ePsf] hUufbftf dxt/ fn] atfpg'eof] . …a'jfsf] : d[ltdf 3/ ;“‘u} hf] l8Psf] hUuf lbPsf] x'“‘ clxn] To;sf] cj: yf e"t a+unfh: tf] ePsf] 5 . : ofxf/ ;';f/ gx'“bf ejg klg hL0f{ x'“b} uPsf] 5 . slxn] sfxL+ t lsg lbP x'“nf h: tf] kf] nfU5 . ;b'kof] u g} gu/ ] kl5 lbPsf] klg s] cy{ eof] / < Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …gful/ sn] : j: km"t{?kdf ;/ sf/ s} sfdsfhdf ;xh xf] ;\ eg] / bfg u/ ] sf] hUuf / To;df ag] sf ;+/ rgfx?sf] ;+/ If0f u/]/ : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] bfgbftfx?sf] dg zfGt ug'{k5{ .Ú k|of] ud} gcfOlb+bfsf] kL8f t 5“‘b} 5 sltko bfgbftfx? cfkm"n] Pp6f k|of] hgsf] nflu bfg lbPsf] t/ km/ s k|of] hgdf k|of] u eOlb+bf lrQ ga'em] sf] atfp“‘5g\ . …tTsfnLg t'n;Lk'/ gu/ kflnsfsf] j8f

gDa/ # sf] sfof{no : yfkgfsf nflu a'jfn] Ps s7\7f hUuf lbg'ePsf] lyof] . kl5 j8f ;dfof] hg x'“bf j8f sfof{no ;¥of] . clxn] Tof] ejgdf e"k" ;] gfsf] sfof{no / x] sf] 5 . dlxgfdf Pslbg n] jL hDdf ug{ cfp“5g\, af“sL aGb / xG5 . xfd|f] gh/ df Tof] k|of] uljxLg h: t} ePsf] 5Ú– t'n;Lk'/ –& sf o'j/ fh e08f/ Ln] eGg'eof] – …oxf“sf] ljsf;df 6] jf k'Unf . ;] jf k|jfxdf ;xh xf] nf eg] / bfg lbPsf xf} + . hUuf w] / } eP/ s'g} ;+: yfsf] a} 7s a: g] c8\8f agfpg lbPsf] xf] Og, Tof] hUufsf] d"No clxn] ^) nfv k5{ . olb : yfgLo ;/ sf/ cGtu{tsf] sfof{no a;] / lgoldt ;] jf k|jfx u/ ] klg lrQ a'em\g] lyof] t/ To;f] x'g ;s] sf] 5} g .Ú sltnfO{ eg] hah{: tL lrQ a'emfpg'k/ ] sf] 5 . t'n;Lk'/ –$ / Iffrf} / l: yt : jf: Yo rf} sLsf] ejg : yfkgf ePsf] hUuf tTsfnLg @ gDa/ j8fsf] ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu bfg lbPsf] hUuf xf] . : yfgLo tx lgdf{0fkl5 cGo j8f;lxt @ gDa/ j8f $ gDa/ df kl/ 0ft eof] .

To;kl5sf] @ jif{;Dd j8f sfof{no ToxL+af6 ;~rfng eof] . kl5 ;a} nfO{ kfos kfg] { eGb} j8f sfof{no agx/ Ldf ;¥of] . o;/ L cnkq kfg{ vf] lhPsf] pQm ejgdf cfkm"n] tfnf nufOlbPkl5 : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] : jf: Yo rf} sL : yfkgf ul/ lbPsf] hUufbftf dlgsnf e08f/ Ln] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …>Ldfg\sf] ;Demgfdf j8f sfof{nonfO{ eg] / bfg lbPsf] hUuf xf] . km/ s k|of] hgdf k|of] u eO/ x] sf] 5 . lrQ a'em] sf] 5} g t/ a'emfpg} kg] { ePsf] 5 . bfg eg] sf] bftfn] h'g p2] Zon] lbPsf] xf] , ToxL k|of] hgdf k|of] u x'g'k5{ . ug{ ;lsb} g eg] Tof] bfg lng'x'“b} g t/ oxf“ ln+bf Pp6f ;Demf} tfdf lnOof] kl5 csf] { k|of] hgdf k|of] u ul/ of] .Ú b+uLz/ 0f–@ sf] j8f sfof{no lgdf{0fsf nflu hUuf bfg lbg'ePsf sndvf] nfsf b] j] Gb| e08f/ L klg v'zL x'g'x'Gg . : yfgLo ;/ sf/ cfPsf] csf] { jif{ j8f sfof{no tTsfn lgdf{0f ug] { zt{df hUuf bfg lbP klg xfn;Dd j8f sfof{no gaGbf a] sf/ df hUuf bfg ul/ P5 eGg] cg'e"lt ePsf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof] – … j8f sfof{no clxn] klg ef8fdf 5 t/ j8f sfof{no agfpg] sfddf cfgfsfgL ePsf] 5 . clxn] klg ejg lsg aGg ;s] sf] 5} g eGg] ljifodf : yfgLo ;/ sf/ g} : ki6 5} g .Ú b+uLz/ 0f–@ sf j8fWoIf 8Da/ vqLn] eg] af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

clkm;df sd{rf/L cfjZostf

Gofgf] sk8f cefj 5 . clwsf+zdf Hj/ f] cfpg] , 6fpsf] b'Vg] , bd, d'6' b'Vg] , xftv'§f ;'lGgg] h: tf ;d: of b] lvPsf 5g\ . h: tfkftfn] lgdf{0f ePsf c: yfoL 6x/ fdf klg zLt r'lxbf cf] 9\g] sk8f leHg] u/ ] sf 5g\ . hfh/ sf] 6 e"sDkn] Iflt k'u] sf] bfdf{ ufp“‘kflnsfdf clxn] Go"gtd tfkqmd & l8u|L ;] nl;o; 5 . sflt{s !& ut] hfh/ sf] 6 s] Gb| eP/ uPsf] e"sDkn] 3/ elTsPkl5 lqkfnd'lg a: b} cfPsf rf/

;o %) kl/ jf/ nfO{ clxn] c: yfoL 6x/ fdf : yfgfGt/ 0f t ul/ of] t/ lr;f] af6 eg] hf] ufpg ;lsPsf] 5} g . To;f] t ;ft ;o eGbf a9L kl/ jf/ clxn] klg lqkfn / rls{Ps} 3/ df 5g\ . lbp“;f] t pgLx? h;f] t;f] lbg latfp“5g\ . t/ a9\bf] lr;f] n] / flt / ;f“em laxfg lgs} d'l: sn ePsf] csf{ e"sDkkLl8t rGb|axfb'/ v8\sfn] atfpg'eof] . …lr;f] sf t s'/ } gu/ f} +, lbp“;f] 3fd nfUg] ePsfn] lr;f] sf] dx;'; x'“b} g, / flt t c;fWo} lr;f] x'G5,

l6g / lqkfnaf6 zLt em5{, cf] 9\g] cf] 5\ ofpg] / fd|f 5} gg\Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …e"sDk kl5sf b'Mvsf lbg clxn] z'? ePsf 5g\, e"sDkn] arfof] , lr;f] n] dl/ G5 ls eGg] nfu] sf] 5 .Ú bfdf{ ufp“kflnsfdf 5 ;o &* Ho] i7 gful/ s, Ps ;o *^ ue{jtL, Ps ;o #% ;'Ts] / L, ;ft ;o @) bL3{/ f] uL / ckf+utf ePsf JolQm tyf ;ft ;o @@ hgf kf“r jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsf 5g\ . oxf“sf c: yfoL 6x/ f / lqkfndf kf“r ;o !@ bL3{/ f] uL a: 5g\ . c: yfoL cfjf; eP klg laxfg–a] n'sLsf] lr;f] n] bL3{/ f] uL a9L k|efljt ePsf] bfdf{ ufp“kflnsf : jf: Yo zfvf k|d'v o1axfb'/ a: g] tn] atfpg'eof] . e"sDkkl5 lqkfndf a;] sf kl/ jf/ nfO{ d+l;/ leq c: yfoL cfjf;df ;fg] { ;/ sf/ sf] nIo lyof] . bfdf{ ufp“kflnsfdf Ps xhf/ Ps ;o &( 3/ df Iflt k'¥ofPsf] df clxn] ;Dd rf/ ;o dfq c: yfoL cfjf; ag] sf 5g\ .

Psflt/ lr;f] / csf] {lt/ lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] cefjsf sf/ 0f cfjf; lgdf{0fdf l9nfO eO/ x] sf] 5 . h;sf/ 0f e'sDk kLl8t lqkfn / elTsPs} 3/ df a: g afWo ePsf] bfdf{ ufp“kflnsfsf pkfWoIf h'gf dNn rGbn] atfpg'eof] . af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf Ko"7fg, $ df3 . leª\u|L–: ju{åf/ L–xf] n] / L ;8ssf] leª\u|L–: ju{åf/ L ;8sv08 ;'/ lIft agfpg yflnPsf] 5 . kljq wfld{s ko{6sLo: yn : ju{åf/ L k'Ug] ofq'x¿sf] ;'/ Iffsf nflu ;8s ;'/ Iff / : t/ f] Ggltsf] sfd yflnPsf] xf] . ;8s l8lehg sfof{no h;k'/ / ;8s k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfof{no Ko'7fgn] 6«flkms ;'/ Iff / klx/ f] lgoGq0f;DaGwL sfd ug{ oftfoft ;~rfngdf / f] s nufO sfd yfn] sf x'g\ . wfld{s ko{6sLo If] qdf jif] {lg eO/ xg] ;8s b'3{6gf sd ug] { nIo lnOPsf] ;8s l8lehg sfof{no Ko"7fgsf k|d'v l;lgo/ l8lehgn Ol~hlgo/ / fhLj >] i7n] atfpg'eof] . leª\ u|L–: ju{åf/ L ;8s !$ lsnf] ld6/ nfdf] 5 . of] ;8sv08df em08}

cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] ISO 9001:2015 dfGotfk|fKt, :yfkgfsf] klxnf] Jofrd} laO{ l;len -@)!!–@)!%_ df Ol~hlgol/ª ;+sfodf kf]v/f ljZjljBfno k|yd tyf lal;P sfo{qmdsf] kfFrf} Jofr -@)!#–@)!&_ df uf]N8 d]8n k|fKt ug{ ;kmn o; sn]hdf z}lIfs ;q @)*)÷)*! sf] nflu lgDg sfo{qmdx?df egf{sf] nflu b/vf:t cfx\jfg ul/G5 .

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af/]sf]6af6 d'n'snfO{ lgofNbf lqljsf] cgnfOg k|0ffnLn] hufPsf] cfzf ;w+} cfnf] rgfdfq} v] Kb} cfPsf] lqe'jg ljZjljBfnon] ;fg} eP klg Pp6f / fd|f] sfdsf] yfngL u/ ] sf] 5 . df3 !% ut] b] lv ;a} z} lIfs k|df0fkqsf] sfd cgnfOgdfkm{t ug] { / k/ LIff lgoGq0f sfof{non] k|df0fkq ;DalGwt If] qLo sfof{nodf k7fpg] tof/ L yfn] sf] 5 . of] lg0f{o nfu' ePdf lqljsf ljBfyL{n] 6«fG;lqmK6, k|f] ljhg ;l6{lkms] 6, k'gof] {u, s'g} klg k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk tyf ;Rofpg'kg] { h: tf ;] jf cgnfOgaf6 g} k|fKt ug] {5g\ . of] k|0ffnL cg'';f/ ljBfyL{n] s'g} klg z} lIfs k|df0fkq lngsf nflu cgnfOgdfkm{t kmf/ fd e/ ] / z'Ns klg O–k] d] G6af6 ltg{ ;Sg] 5g\ . o: tf cgnfOg cfj] bgsf] cWoog u/ ] / ;DalGwt klgsfsf If] qLo sfof{nodf ljBfyL{sf z} lIfs k|df0fkq Ps xKtfleq k7fpg] lqljn] hgfPsf] 5 . ljZjljBfno lzIffdf clt / fhgLlts/ 0fb] lv k/ LIff, glthfnufotsf If] qdf l9nf9fnfkg lqljsf] sdhf] / kIf xf] . ljZjljBfnodf / fhgLlts x: tIf] kljgf kbflwsf/ L lgo'lQmsf nflu nfdf] ;dob] lv cfjfh p7\b} cfPsf] eP klg of] ;Dej x'g ;ls/ x] sf] 5} g . lqljsf] ;du| ;'wf/ sf kIf w] / } 5g\ t/ clxn] u/ ] sf] lg0f{o nfu' eof] eg] o;n] cGo ljZjljBfno / ;du| z} lIfs If] qdf l8lh6nfOh] ;gsf nflu ;sf/ fTds bafa k''Ug] 5 . cfhsf] ljZj ;"rgf k|ljlws} cfwf/ df rln/ x] sf] 5 . h'g b] zn] ;"rgf k|ljlwnfO{ glhsaf6 ckgfpg ;s] sf 5g\, pgLx? cufl8 a9] sf 5g\ . / f] af] l6S; x'Fb} s[lqd af} l4stf -PcfO{_ h: tf k|ljlwn] dfgjdl: tisnfO{ r'gf} tL lbg] cj: yfsf] l;h{gf eOx] sf] 5 . of] a] nfdf x/ ] s If] qdf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of] u a9fpg] xf] Og eg] ljZj;Fu k|lt: kwf{ ug{ ;lsg] 5} g . klxnf] s'/ f t, g] kfndf ;"rgf k|ljlwnfO{ x] g] { b[li6sf] 0f g} km/ flsnf] 5} g . s} of} + ;/ sf/ L sfof{no cem} klg 7"nf–7"nf sfuhsf 98\8f v8f u/ ] / a;] sf 5g\ . w] / } sd{rf/ Ln] sDKo'6/ rnfpg hfGb} gg\ . of] cj: yf pgLx?sf sf/ 0f cfPsf] xf] Og, / fHos} gLltsf sf/ 0f cfPsf] xf] . / fHon] ;"rgf k|ljlwnfO{ : jLsf/ ug] { / ckgfpg] sfdsf nflu w] / } ;do kv{g'k¥of] t/ clxn] klg kof{Kt gLlt, sfg'g / ;+/ rgf 5} gg\ . x/] s If] qdf l8lh6nfOh] ;gsf] of] hgf;lxt ;/ sf/ n] @)&^ ;fndf l8lh6n g] kfn k|m] djs{ hf/ L u/ ] sf] eP klg o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cj: yf lgs} sdhf] / 5. l8lh6n g] kfn k|m] djs{n] sfuh/ lxt ;/ sf/ sf] kl/ sNkgf u/ ] sf] 5 . o;nfO{ O{–ueg] {G; klg elgG5 . t/ To;sf nflu ;sf/ sf] : ki6 of] hgfljgf ;+ej 5} g .

O{–ueg] {G;sf nflu ;a} eGbf klxn] / fHosf] a''emfO{df Ps?ktf cfpg'k5{ . ;/ sf/ n] cf} krfl/ s?kdf ;"rgf k|ljlwnfO{ cfwf/ e"t cfjZostf / / fli6«o k|fyldstfsf] ?kdf : jLsf/ u/ ] klg cem} / fHosf ;a} cjojx?n] o;nfO{ ;femf ?kdf : jLsf/ ul/ ;s] sf 5} gg\ . ;"rgf k|ljlwdf sfd ug] { If] q / lgsfon] o;sf] uDeL/ tf a''em] klg afFsLn] ;"rgf k|ljlwnfO{ : jLsf/ / cfTd;ft ug{ ;ls/ x] sf 5} gg\ . l8lh6n g] kfn k|m] djs{n] l8lh6n kmfp08] ;gnfO{ hf] 8 lbPsf] 5 . l8lh6n kmfp08] ;g eg] sf] l8lh6n k"jf{wf/ xf] . cem} klg cfwf/ e"t kmf] g / OG6/ g] 6 gk''u] sf w] / } If] q 5g\ . l8lh6nfOh] ;gsf nflu cfwf/ e"t zt{ l8lh6n k"jf{wf/ sf] ljsf; xf] , To;df / fHon] dg v'nfP/ nufgL ug'{k5{ . b] zleqs} nufgLn] k''u] g eg] cGt/ f{li6«o nufgL cfslif{t u/ ] / eP klg ;"rgf k|ljlwsf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df hf] 8 lbgk5{ . d'n'ssf] l8lh6nfOh] ;gsf nflu s[lif, : jf: Yo, lzIff, pmhf{, ko{6g, cy{ / ;x/ L k"jf{wf/ nufot ;a} If] qdf l8lh6nfOh] ;g cfjZos 5 . Tof] af6f] df cl3 a9\gsf nflu b] zsf] h] 7f] ljZjljBfno lqljn] slDtdf ljBfyL{sf] cfj] bg;Dd eP klg cgnfOg lng] gofF ;f] r lnPsf] 5, o;nfO{ d'n'ssf] ;du| l8lh6fOh] ;gsf] If] qdf ;fgf] t/ dxTjk"0f{ kfOnf dfGg'k5{ .

–

s;n] s] eg] < o'jfnfO{ aflx/ k7fP/ a[4f>d agfpg] vt/faf6 of] b]znfO{ d'Qm ul/5f]8\5f+ } . of] ;ÍNk To;} k"/ f x'Fb} g eGg] xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 . gofF 9Ën] sfd ug{'k5{ .

– gf/ fo0fsfhL >] i7 -pkk|wfg Pj+ u[xdGqL_ !!@ jif{sf] Oltxf;af6 lx;fa ubf{ / ToxfF Kn; dfOg; u'0ff ubf{ lx;fa gldNg ;S5 . t/ kl5Nnf] Ps bzs / !^ dlxgfsf] cjlwdf Ps xhf/ eGbf a9L d] ufjf6 ljB't pTkfbgsf] cj: yf l;h{gf eO/ x] sf] 5, of] lx;fan] x] bf{ cfufdL !@ jif{df xfdL @* xhf/ d] ufjf6 eGbf a9L ljB't pTkfbg ug{ ;S5f} + .

– zlQmaxfb'/ a: g] t -pmhf{, hn>f] t tyf l;+rfO{dGqL_ k6s–k6s cjlw ylkPsf] , ;DkGg x'g g;s] sf of] hgfx?df bafa ofqf u/ ] / ;/ sf/ nfO{ va/ bf/ L ug{] xf] .

– 8LkL cof{n -/ f: jkfsf pk;efklt_ zflGt k|lqmofsf] sfd hlt l9nf] eof] Tolt d'n'snfO{ gf] S;fgL x'G5. l9nf] x'Fbf k|df0f gi6 x'g] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5. sfg'gL hl6ntfx¿ klg a9\b} hfG5g\ .

– 8f= ;'lgn / ~hg l;+x -a] kQf JolQmsf] 5fglag cfof] usf k"j{;b: o_ ?lr / OR5f eof] eg] g] kfnd} ;Dej 5, ljb] zdf sfdnfO{ vlr{g] ;do g] kfnd} vlr{Pdf ;kmn x'g ;xh 5 .

– dlgiff lh;L -w'sf{] 6 ufpFkflnsf–# xf8xf8] u'NdLsL nf] s;] jf cfof] uåf/ f lnOPsf] ljleGg kbsf kfFr k/ LIff Ps jif{leqdf pQL0f{ u/ ] sL_

rf} lj; jif{kl5 bf] ;|f] k6s af/ ] sf] 6sf] e"lddf kfOnf 6] Sg] cj;/ o;kfln km] l/ h'¥of] . Tolta] nf cyf{t @)%^ ;fndf lgjf{rgsf] l;nl;nfdf dtbfg clws[t eP/ uPsf] lyP“ . xfnsf] af/ ] sf] 6 ufp“kflnsf Tolta]nf /fdL8f“8f, /f]sfoufp“, gfosaf8f / ;Snf u/ L rf/ j6f uflj;df ljeQm lyof] . r'gfjdf uPsf rf/ j6} uflj;sf sd{rf/ Lx? / fdL8f“8fdf uP/ Psfw / ft af; a: of} + . Tolta] nf d'n'sdf dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf ;z:q o'4 rls{/x]sf] lyof] . xfdL / fdL8f“8f uPsf] lbg dfq} lbp“;f] PDa';df k/]/ 3fOt] ePsf k|x/LnfO{ x] lnsK6/ af6 p4f/ u/ L yk pkrf/ sf nflu g] kfnu~h nluPsf] va/ ToxL+ uPkl5 ;'lgof] . k|x/ Lx? ql;t / eolet d'b|fdf lyP . d vl6Psf] gfosjf8f dtbfg s] Gb|df vl6Psf k|x/ Lx?n] dnfO{ e] 6] / eg] sf lyP– xfdL t dg{s} nflu hflu/ vfPsf xf} + . xh"/ nfO{ klg ;d: of x'g] eof] . gfosjf8fsf] t df6f] ;d] t 5'g] l: ylt 5} g . o: t} df sltko dtbfg clws[t / sd{rf/ Lx?n] t 3/ df ;d] t …af“‘r] / kmls{g] s'/ fdf s'g} 6'+uf] 5} g, dl/ of] eg] kfOg] ;'ljwfx? / Lt k'¥ofP/ dfu ug"{Ú eGg] Jojxf] / fsf] lr6\7L n] v] / k7fP . / ª\uLg ;kgf af] s] / lx8] sf / ª\uLg dfG5] x?;“u Tolta] nf cfTd;dk{0f u/ ] sf] cj: yf lyof] ufp“j: tLn] .

Tolta] nf cf–cfkm\gf] dtbfg s] Gb|df klg s;/ L k'Ug] eGg] af/ ] df k|x/ Lx?;“u xfd|f] dt aflemof] . xfdL dtbfg clws[t / sd{rf/ Lx?n] ufp“sf dflg;x?nfO{ af]nfP/ pgLx?;“u} cl3kl5 nfu]/ hfg'k5{ eGof} + . k|x/ Lx?n] tL ufp“n] x? klg t n8fs" x'g ;S5g\ / xfdLnfO{ af6f] d} cK7\of/ f] df kfg{ ;S5g\ eg] / xfd|f] s'/ f : jLsf/ u/ ] gg\ . xfdLnfO{ ;d] t hfgsf/ L glbP/ km/ s–km/ s ;dodf / ftsf] a] nf xfdLnfO{ p7fP/ k|x/ Ln] c“w] / L / ftdf xfdLnfO{ lx8fof] / laxfg x'g] a] nf dtbfg s] Gb|df k'¥ofof] . h] xf] ;\ Tof] If] q eofjx eP klg r'gfj eg] / fd|} ;“u eof] . r'gfj ;lsPkl5 x] lnsK6/ n] dtk] l6sf lnP/ uof] eg] xfdL sd{rf/ Lx?n] k} bn lx8] / uof} + . gnuf8sf] dfly s'sf7sf] l;9Laf6 eL/ sf] af6f] lx8\bf 8/ n] yy{/ sDkg 5'6] / cufl8 a9\g ;lsb}g egL kl5 x6]sf] dnfO{ sfof{no ;xof]uLn] lbPsf] pT;fxsf sf/0f af6f] kf/ ug{ ;kmn ePsf ;Demgfx? gd] l6g] u/ L clxn] klg of] dfG5] sf] dg / dl: tissf] lrK;df rlKsP/ a;] sf 5g\ .

Tolta] nf To: t} lyof] ;do / sfn . dflg;n] s;/ L af“Rg] eGg] afx] s c? ljifodf ;f] Rg] cj: yf lyPg . lbglbg} n8fO“ ePsf va/ x? Psfljxfg} ;dfrf/ ag] / dflg;sf sfgx?;Dd k'Uy] . ;/ sf/ kIf jf ljb|f] xL kIf htflt/ sf dflg;x? xtfxt eP klg g] kfnLx?sf] dg va/ ;'Gbf 9's9's eO/ xGYof] . tLg jif{ cl3 cfPsf] sf] le8n] klg xfdLnfO{ ToxL l: yltdf k'¥ofof] . dflg;x?n] cfkmGtx? u'dfpg'k¥of] . cfkm" s;/ L af“Rg] eg] / / ftlbg lk/ nf] u/ ] / 3/ leq} y'lgP/ a: g'k¥of] . ca eg] To: tf sxfnLnfUbf lbgx? 5}gg\ . olta]nf e"sDkn] hfh/sf]6

dflg;x? clxn] klg ;8saf6f] / rf} tf/ Ldf nf] Ug] dfG5] x? b] lvP eg] dfG5] x? eg] / ;Daf] wg u5{g\ . : jf: gL dfG5] x? b] lvP eg] cfOdfO{x? eg] / ;Daf] wg u5{g\ . cfOdfO{nfO{ dfG5] eGb} gg\ otf . Jojxf/ df klg To: t} 5 . dlxnf x'g'kg] { eP/ } ePsf sltko hgk|ltlglwx?sf] sfd ;d] t pgsf klt / 5f] / fx?n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf b[Zo kl/b[Zox? 5/k|i6 b]lvG5g\ kflnsf / j8fx?df .

kl/jt{gsf nflu ===== / ?s'dnfO{ km] l/ cK7\of/ f] df gkf/ ] sf] t xf] Og . tyflk e"sDkaf6 dg] {x? d/ ] / uP klg af“Rg]x?n] åGå / sf]le8sf] ;doh:tf] af“Rgsf nflu n'Sg'kg] { / efufefu ug'{kg] { cj: yf eg] 5} g . e"sDkn] 5f] 8] / uPsf kL8fsf kxf8x? eg] IftljIft cf“‘ugel/ c;/ Nn k/ ] / t] l;{Psf 5g\ . cfkmGtx? u'd] , a: g] u/ ] sf] af; u'Dof] , hLjgdf ePsf] cfz u'Dof] . cfz gePkl5sf] p/ f7nfUbf] / pbf;nfUbf] hLjg hf8f] df s7\of+lu|b} af“Rg' k/ ] sf] 5 sltko af“‘sL hLjg af“Rg] x?n] . hLjg ;'wf/ f] Gd'v 5 clxn] . ca s'sf7sf] l;9L jf/ kf/ u/ ] / ofqf ug{' klg kb} {g . af/ ] sf] 6;Dd hfgsf nflu df] 6/ s' b \ g ] ;8ssf 6« o fs v' n ] sf 5g\ . uf8Lx? s'b] sf 5g\ . jiff{ofdnfO{ ckjfbdf / fVg] xf] eg] dfG5] x? uf8Ldf cfGb|fe'“8L lgr/ ] / eP klg Pslbgdf g] kfnu~h;Dd k'Ug] u/ L x'O“‘lsPsf 5g\ . gx'g' eGbf slxn] s;f] 8fS6/ / cf} iflwd'nf] kfOg] u/ L : jf: Yo s] Gb|x? v'n] sf 5g\ . af/]sf]6 If]qdf d klxnf]k6s cfp“bf Pp6f dfq dfWolds ljBfno lyof] . clxn] eg] sltko k|fylds ljBfnox? klg dfWolds ljBfnodf : t/ f] Gglt eP/ af/ ] sf] 6 If] qdf cf7j6f dfWolds ljBfno k'lu;s] sf] cj: yf 5 . st} s] Gb|Lo k|;f/ 0f t st} ;f] nf/ l;: 6daf6 aQLx? an] sf 5g\ .

6]lnkmf]g / df]jfOnn] hLjg ;xh agfPsf] 5 . uf8Ln] af] s] / Nofpg] ;fdfgn] dflg;sf] kl/ >d ug] { afgL 36] sf] 5 . ufp“sf sltko dflg;x? ljb] lzPsf klg 5g\ h;n] ubf{ ljb] zsf] sdfO klg vfg kfPsf 5g\ sltko kl/ jf/ hgn] . ufp“df : yfgLo ;/ sf/ 5, sltkon] ;/ sf/ df hflu/ klg kfPsf 5g\, s;} n] xf] 6n / lrof k;n rnfPsf 5g\ eg] s;} n] ;8s af6f] lgdf{0fsf] qmddf 8f] h/ / 6«ofS6/ rnfpg] sfd klg kfPsf 5g\ . Pp6f h'gL a/ fa/ sf] b'O{ bh{g jif{kl5 af/ ] sf] 6df hf“bf d} n] b] v] sf ljsf;] nIf0fx? log} x'g\ / o: t} –o: t} x'g\ . ef}lts ljsf; t b]lvof] t/ r]tgfsf] ljsf; eg] rf} lj; jif{ klxn] sf] eGbf clxn] sf] a9] 5 eGg] s'/ fdf dnfO{ låljwf 5 . xfdL cyf{t k|b] z of] hgf cfof] usf sd{rf/ L / kbflwsf/ Lx?n] j8f x'“b} kflnsfnfO{ kf] if0fd} qL agfpg'kg] { ljifodf hgk|ltlglwnufot ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx?;“u 5nkmn / ax; rnfof} + . klxn] –klxn] vfgf gkfP/ s'kf] lift x'g] ;d: of rsf] { lyof] eg] lxhf] cfh ePsf] vfg] s'/ fnfO{

 hLtaxfb'/ zfx vfg ghfg] / s'kf] lift ePsf] cj: yf 5 ufp“j: tL . sf] xL eftdfq} vfG5g\ laxfg a]n'sf . afnaflnsfx? rfprfpnufotsf h+skm'8 dfq} vfg] u5{g\ gf: tfsf] ?kdf . sf] xL eft/ f] 6L 5f] 8] / / S;L / efª dfq} klg vfg] ePsf 5g\ . uf8Ln] ufp“j: tLdf nfu"cf} ifwh: tf kbfy{x? klg ;xh agfOlbPsf] 5 . sltko lzIfs / ljBfyL{x? klg To: t} vfg] s'/ fdf cfkm\gf] ;j{Zj b] Vg] ePsf 5g\ . b"w lbg] b'x'gf] e} +;L a] r] / / S;L lkpg] e6\6L k;n / k] 6«f] n lkpg] df] 6/ ;fOsnsf] Joj: yf u/ ] sf 5g\ dflg;x?n] . ufp“j: tLdf lrof vfgsf nflu ;d] t b"w gkfOg] eO;Sof] , ;' / fkfgL eg] k;n} lkR5] e] l6G5g\ . vfBfGg / t/ sf/ L kmNg] v] taf/ Lx? af“emf eO;s] sf 5g\ lsgeg] aflx/ af6 lelqg] ljiffbLo'St vfgkfgd} dSv 5g\ ufp“j: tLsf dfG5] x? . dflg;sf] r] tgfn] o: tf] s'af6f] klg ;dfT5 / < dnfO{ t To: tf] nfUb} g . r] tgfn] t ;Tdfu{lt/ pGd'v u/ fpg' kg] { xf] Og / dfG5] x?nfO{ < dflg;sf] r] tgfsf] : t/ dfly p7\g ;s] g eg] lj1fgn] u/ ] sf cflj: sf/ x? a/ bfg geO{ clezfk ;fljt x'g] ub{5g\ . To: t} ePsf] 5 af/ ] sf] 6df klg . cleefjsx? cfkm" km';{lbnf] eP/ cGo sfddf clNemgsf nflu ;fgf] aRrfnfO{ df] afOndf cNemfp“ 5 g\ . kl/ 0ffdtM aRrf cl6Hdsf] lzsf/ x'g] u/ ] sf 5g\ . dfbn / ;f] / 7L aHg] : yfgLo d] nfkj{x?df l8h] sf ss{; cfjfhx?df lxGbLnufotsf cfofltt uLtx? u'l~hg] u/ ] sf 5g\ . ;+: s[lt dfl;g] / ljs[lt emf+lug] qmddf 5 . k|ljlwn] lzIffnfO{ ;'wfg'{kg] {df emg\–emg\ ljuf/ ] sf] u'gf;f] 5 ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx?sf] . afnljjfx 36] sf] 5} g . a? k|wfg r'gf} tLsf] ?kdf ;dfhdf b] lvPsf] 5 . Pp6L r]nL k"0f{?kdf gkmlqmb} cfdf aGg] / agfpg] ;jfndf lsg x] nrqm\ofO“ ul/ / x] sf 5g\ dflg;x? < afafcfdfx? lsg d"sbz{s / dltof/ alg/ x] sf 5g\ < lzIff lbg] ljBfnox? afnljjfxsf nflu ndLsf] sfd lsg ul/ / x] sf 5g\ < s] oxL xf] r] tgfsf] lj: tf/ < s] oxL xf] r] tgf / lzIffsf] pkxf/ < dflg;x? clxn] klg ;8saf6f] / rf} tf/ Ldf nf] Ug] dfG5] x? b] lvP eg] dfG5] x? eg] / ;Daf] wg u5{g\ . : jf: gL dfG5] x? b] lvP eg] cfOdfO{x? eg] / ;Daf] wg u5{ g \ . cfOdfO{ n fO{ dfG5] eGb} gg\ otf . Jojxf/ df klg To: t}

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c;n zf;gsf cfofd ;'zf;g zAbsf] klxnf] k|of] u ;g\ !(*( df ljZj a} Ín] ;a;xf/ fg clk|msL d'n'ssf] ljsf;sf] cg'udgsf qmddf u/ ] sf] kfOG5 . kl5 of] cjwf/ 0ff qmdzM ljZje/ km} lnPsf] xf] . g] kfndf klg ;'zf;gsf] cjwf/ 0ff / fhf / fd zfxsf] kfnfdf …Gofo gkfP uf] vf{ hfg"Ú eGg] pb\uf/ af6 cEof; ePsf] kfOG5 . ;fdfGo cy{df ;'zf;g eg] sf] c;n / pQd zf;g xf] . Jofks cy{df ;'zf;g eGgfn] kf/ blz{ t fd" n s, hg;xeflutfd" n s, pQ/ bfoL, j} wflgs, e| i 6frf/ / lxt zf;g Joj: yfnfO{ hgfp“5 . cfw'lgs / gjLgtd kl/ efiff cg';f/ ;'zf;g eg] sf] / fhgLlts¿kdf nf] stfGqLs/ 0f, cfly{s¿kdf pbf/ Ls/ 0f, ;fdflhs¿kdf ;dfj]zLs/0f, k|zf;lgs¿kdf ;'b9[ Ls/0f, zf;sLo zlQmsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f÷;‹Los/0f, e|i6frf/ hGo sfo{sf] Go"gLs/ 0fnufotsf] zf;g Joj: yfnfO{ lrlgG5 . ;'zf;g zAbsf] cy{ Jofks, dxTjk"0f{ / cy{k"0f{ 5 . o;n] hgtfnfO{ s] Gb|laGb'df / fv] / zf;g ;~rfng ug{ clek|]l/t ug]{ ePsfn] hg;Gt'li6 g} o;sf] ;f/ xf] . cfhsf] ;fj{ h lgs k| z f;gdf ;'zf;gsf] ;fGble{stf lbgfg'lbg j[l4 eO/ x] sf] 5 . zf;gdf kf/ blz{tf / hg;xeflutf sfod ug{, pQ/ bfloTj clej[l4 ug{, sfg'gL zf;gnfO{ a9fjf lbg, e|i6frf/ / lxt ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{, zf;gsf] ljs] Gb|Ls/ 0f÷;‹Los/ 0f ub} { hgtfglhs ;/ sf/ sf] pkl: ylt u/ fpg, zf;gdf ;fdflhs Gofo, ;dfgtf / ;dtf sfod u/ ] / hgtfsf] gh/ df k|zf;gnfO{ ;b} j cg'e"ltof] Uo agfpg o; ljifosf] ;fGble{stf clej[l4 ePsf] ] 5 . ;'zf;gsf / fhgLlts, k|zf;lgs, cfly{s / sfg'gL cfofdn] o;sf] bfo/fnfO{ : ki6, ;'Gb/ / d"Nojfg agfPsf 5g\ . / fhgLlts cfofd cGtu{t nf] stGq /

dfgj clwsf/ sf] ;+/ If0f, : jtGq / lgikIf lgjf{rgdfkm{t hgk|ltlglwd"ns zf;g Joj: yf rog, hgtfk|lt pQbfoL zf;g Joj:yf, aflnu dtflwsf/, ;dfj]zL zf;g Joj:yf kb{5g\ . k|zf;lgs cfofd cGtu{t sfo{;Dkfbgdf kf/blz{tf, zL3|tf / r':ttf, cg'zf;g / b08xLgtfsf] cGTo, sfddf Jofj;flostf / k|lt: kwf{Tdstfnufot tTj kb{5g\ . ;fdflhs cfofd cGtu{t ;dfhdf zflGt / ;'Joj: yf, ;dfj] zL zf;g Joj: yf, ;fdflhs Gofo, ;dfgtf / ;dtf, ;fdflhs 5'jf5'tljxLgtf, zf;gdf ;a} sf] kx'“r, klxrfg / k|ltlglwTj h: tf tTj kb{5g\ . cfly{ s cfofd cGtu{ t cfly{ s c;dfgtfsf] cGTo, cfly{s pbf/ Ls/ 0f / pko'Qm lghLs/ 0f, pko'Qm ;|f] t;fwgdf pQd pknlAw h: tf tTj kb{5g\ . sfg'gL cfofd cGtu{t ;+ljwfgjfb, sfg'gsf] zf;g, zlQmk[ y sLs/ 0f, ;Gt' n g / lgoGq0f, : jtGq, ;Ifd / lgikIf Gofo k|0ffnL, df} lns xssf] ;+/ If0f cflb kb{5g\ . ;'zf;gsf] g} lts cfofd cGtu{t cfly{s cg'zf;g / ;bfrf/ , e|i6frf/ sf] cGTo, k/ fg'e"ltsf] efjgf, ;fdflhs / kbLo k|lti7fsf] nfh jf 8/ , ;sf/ fTds ;f] r;lxtsf] ;b\efjgf cflb kb{5g\ . ;'zf;g sfod ug{' ;/ sf/ sf] PSnf] lhDd] jf/ L xf] eGg] ;f] r cem} ljBdfg 5 . uNtL c¿n] ubf{ bf] if ;/ sf/ n] kfpg] k|j[lQ oyfjt 5 . ;fdflhs t8se8s / b] vfl;sL ;+: s[ltsf] xf] 8afhLaf6 x's] {sf] e|i6frf/ ;'zf;gsf] zq' xf] . e|i6frf/ a9L ePdf ;'zf;g sdhf] / / ;' z f;g dha' t ePdf e| i 6frf/ sdhf] / x'g hfG5 . ;/ sf/ L lgsfok|lt hgtfsf] rf;f] a9\b} uPsfn] ;'zf;g klg lxhf] cfh hglk|o zAb aGg uPsf] 5 . 6«fG;k/ ] G;L OG6/ g] ;gnn] ljZjsf !*) d'n'sdf u/ ] sf] e|i6frf/ ;DaGwL

;e] {If0f cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs u/ ] sf] ;g\ @)@@ sf] k|ltj] bgdf g] kfnn] #$ cÍsf ;fy !!) cf} + : yfg k|fKt u/ ] sf] 5 . o;cl3 g] kfn ## cÍsf ;fy !!& cf} + : yfgdf / x] sf] lyof] . g] kfndf ;'zf;g sfod ug{sf nflu gLltut Pj+ sfg'gL, ;+: yfut, sfo{qmdut Pj+ k|lqmofut /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o k|of; gePsf xf] Ogg\ . gLltut Pj+ sfg'gL k|of; cGtu{t / fHosf km/ flsnf gLlt, g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfg Pj+ ;+ljwfgjfb, clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof] u P] g, @)$*, e|i6frf/ lgjf/ 0f P] g, @)%(, lghfdtL ;] jf P] g, @)$( / lgodfjnL, @)%), ;'zf;g P] g, @)^$ tyf lgodfjnL, @)^%, ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P] g, @)^$ tyf lgodfjnL, @)^%, ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# / lgodfjnL, @)^$, cfly{s k|zf;g;DaGwL P] g, lgod, ljlgodx¿, ;] jf cleofg ;~rfng lgb] {lzsf @)^%, lg0f{o k|lqmof ;/ nLs/ 0f lgb] {lzsf, @)^% cflb / x] sf 5g\ . ;+: yfut k|of; cGtu{t Joj: yflksf ;+;b\ / ;+;bLo ;ldltx¿, g] kfn ;/ sf/ / cGo txsf ;/ sf/ x¿, clVtof/ b'?kof] u cg';Gwfg cfof] unufot !# j6f ;+ j } wflgs lgsfo, tLg txsf cbfnt, / fli6«o ;ts{tf s] Gb|, ;~rf/ dfWodnufot ;+/ rgf / x] sf 5g\ . k| l qmofut k| o f; cGtu{ t sfo{ k|lqmofdf ;/ nLs/ 0f, gjLgtd k|ljlwsf] pRrtd pkof] u, ljB'tLo zf;gnfO{ dfGotf, / fhgLlt / k|zf;gdf gjo'jfsf] cfsif{0f, 3'DtL ;] jf, 3/ b} nf] cleofg, sfof{nodf hgu'gf;f] ;'g'jfO ug{ gf] 8n clws[t, ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ k|jQmf / ;"rgf clwsf/Lsf] Joj:yf, ;f]wk'5 Pj+ x]Nk8]:s sIfsf] Joj: yf, ;'emfj k] l6sfsf] Joj: yf, gful/ s a8fkqsf] Joj: yf, ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfOsf] Joj: yf cflb / x] sf 5g\ . o;/ L g] kfndf ;'zf;gsf nflu

u ef] nf zdf{ cAan sfg'g, k|z: t ;+/ rgf clg k|z: t cfjlws sfo{fqmd x'“bfx“'b} klg ;'zf;g sdhf] / x'b“ } uPsf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;Ë7gn] hgljZjf; sfod ug{ ;s] sf 5} gg\ . sd{rf/ Lsf] xslxt ;+/ If0f x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . ;'zf;g ;/ sf/ sf lg0f{oaf6 ;d] t k|efljt x'G5g\ . ;/ sf/ sf lg0f{ox¿ slxn] sfxL+ tby{jfbL x'g] u/ ] sf 5g\ . h: tf] ;ftfsf] b'O{ lbg labf lbg] lg0f{o ul/ of] . nfu' ePsf] s] xL ;dod} lkmtf{ eof] . k|zf;gdf e|i6frf/ sf] cGTo / ;bfrf/ sf] k|jw{g ug] { elgG5 t/ of] gf/ f slxNo} k"/ f x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . zf;g Joj: yfnfO{ a9LeGbf a9L k|efjsf/ L agfO{ ;] jfu|fxLnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;] jfsf] ;'vb cg'e"lt lbnfpg' clxn] sf] 68\sf/ f] cfjZostf xf] . ;'zf;gtkm{ klg d'n's cufl8 a9] sf] 5 . ;‹Lotfsf] ultzLn cEof; eO{ hgtf glhs ;/ sf/ k'u] sf] 5 . ljsf; lgdf{0f tyf ;] jf k|jfxk|lt hgtfsf] clwsf/ d'vL hfu/ 0f a9] sf] 5 . ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwdf ePsf] tLa|t/ ljsf;sf sf/ 0f zf;sLo kf/ blz{tfdf a[l4 ePsf] 5 . clVtof/ b'?kof] u cg';Gwfg cfof] usf] ;lqmotf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . hgr] tgf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . k'/ fgf sfg'g ;+zf] wg jf vf/ ] h eO{ gof“ sfg'g ag] sf 5g\ . zf;sLo Joj: yfdf ldl8ofsf] ;lqmotf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . log} sf/ 0fn] ubf{ casf lbgdf ;'zf;gsf] cj: yf alnof] x'g] ck] Iff ug{ ;lsG5 . To;sf nflu ;fj{hlgs gLlt lgdf{ 0 fk| l t k| l ta4 / fhgLlt1, gLltsf] sfof{Gjogk|lt sl6a4 k|zf;s / va/ bf/ L ug] { hfu?s hgtfsf] lg/ Gt/ / ;dGjofTds lqmofzLntf h?/ L 5 .

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o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf t'n;Lk'/ , $ df3 . klZrd bfªnfO{ lhNnfsf] ljs6 If] qsf ¿kdf lnOG5 .

To;nfO{ bfªsf] …s0ff{nLÚ eg] / lrgfOG5 . ljsf;sf] b[li6sf] 0fn] kl5 k/ ] sf] Tof] 7fp“df clxn] eg] wdfwd ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfd eO/ x] sf] 5 . bfªsf] klZrd If] qdf kg]{ aaO{ ufp“kflnsfdf ;8s, 9n lgsf;, vfg] kfgL, l;+rfO{nufot k"jf{wf/ sf sfd eO/ x] sf 5g\ . ljutdf vfg] kfgLsf] ;d: of ePsf] aaO{ ufp“kflnsfsf] hn's] , x'?dsf nflu l;+rfO{ / vfg] kfgLsf] sfd eO/ x] sf] 5 . k|b] z ;/ sf/ n] l;+rfO{sf nflu !) nfv / vfg] kfgLsf nflu @) nfv ah] 6 ljlgof] hg u/ ] kl5 sfd cl3 a9] sf] xf] . …xfdLnfO{ vfg] kfgLsf] lgs} ;d: of 5, w] / } k6s dfu u¥of} +, clxn] ah] 6 k/ ] sf] 5Ú– hn's] lgjf;L / lt/ fd ljsn] eGg'eof] – …of] sfd k"/ f ePkl5 xfdLnfO{ w] / } ;xh x'g] 5 .Ú 9n lgdf{0f ePsf] nfdf] ;do;Dd klg sfnf] kq] x'g g;s] sf] cfbz{ gu/ xfk'/ ] 6f] ndf clxn] sfnf] kq] sf] sfd cl3 a9] sf] 5 . k|b] z ;/ sf/ sf] Ps s/ f] 8 #) nfv ah] 6df

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf

;f] xL 7fp“df ;8s sfnf] kq eO/ x] sf] 5 . aaO{–% l: yt / f] NkfnLt/ f–lh/ fot s'nf] lgdf{0fsf] sfd klg hf/ L 5 . ;f] xL j8fsf] l;du} / f–kNnf] t/ f l;+rfO{ of] hgfsf nflu !) nfv ljlgof] hg eO{ sfd cl3 a9] sf] 5 . cfgGbgu/ 6f]ndf 9n lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 eg] k|ultzLn cfwf/ e"t ljBfnosf] ejg klg wdfwd alg/ x] sf] 5 . aaO{sf] ljs6 If] q j8f g+= ! sf] lhnf, l;dns'gf hf] 8\g] aaO{ gbLdf k'n lgdf{0fsf nflu

lj: t[t kl/ of] hgf k|ltj] bg -l8lkcf/ _ tof/ ePsf] 5 . aaO{ ufp“kflnsfn] klxnf] k6s ;f+;b / dGqL kfPsf] 5 . n'lDagL k|b] zsf] cy{dGqLdf wgaxfb'/ df: sLn] lhDd] jf/ L kfpg'ePsf] 5 . klZrd If] qsf] ljsf;df cfkm" bQlrQ eP/ nfu] sf] pxf“n] atfp“b} cfpg'ePsf] 5 . …klZrd If]q ca s0ff{nL /x“b}g, ljs6 If] qdf klg d] / f] gh/ k/ ] sf] 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …;a} If] qsf] ljsf;sf lglDt ah] 6 ljlgof] hg u/ ] sf] 5' .Ú

cfhb]lv ndxLdf s[lif tyf Jofkfl/s dxf]T;j kqsf/nfO{ cUof{lgs s[lif;DaGwL tflnd o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf b] pv'/ L, $ df3 . cfh z'qmaf/ b]lv ndxLdf bf] ;|f] ko{6g, pBf] u, s[lif tyf Jofkfl/ s dxf] T;j @)*) z'? x'“b} 5 . df} lns snf ;f+: s[lts hu] gf{ ug{] p2] Zon] bf] ;|f] ko{6g, pBf] u, s[lif tyf Jofkfl/ s dxf] T;j ;~rfng x'g yfn] sf] xf] . dxf] T;j chDd/ L ;fd'bflos jg pkef] Qmf ;d"xn] ;+rfng u/ ] sf] h} ljs ljljwtf kfs{df cfof] hgf ul/ b}5 . dxf] T;jsf] pb\3f6g

n'lDagL k|b] zsf d'VodGqL l8NnLaxfb'/ rf} w/ Ln] ug{] sfo{qmd 5 . dxf] T;jdf : yfgLo yf?, a|fDx0f, tfdfª, u'?ª, ;'g'jf/ , s'dfn ;lxtsf hftLo ;d'bfosf] emf“sL / Vofltk|fKt snfsf/ sf] ;f+:s[lts k|: t'lt;d] t / xg] 5 . pQm dxf] T;jdf km'8 km] l: 6en d'Vo cfsif{0fsf ?kdf / xg] 5 . dxf] T;jdf b'O{ ;oeGbf a9L : 6nx? / x] sf 5g\ . Ho] i7 gful/ ssf] sf8{ eP lgMz'Ns, ljBfyL{sf] xsdf *) ¿k} of“ / cGonfO{ k|j] z z'Ns Ps;o ¿k} of“ sfod ul/ Psf] 5 .

Pl8jLn] lbof] !# ca{ ;x'lnot k"0f{ C0f q odnfn e';fn

a'6jn, $ df3 . ?kGb] xLsf kf“rj6f : yfgLo txdf sl/ a !# ca{ ?k} of“ ljb] zL ;xof] u cfpg] ePsf] 5 .

PlzofnL ljsf; a} +sn] ?kGb] xLsf kf“rj6f gu/ kflnsfdf sl/ a !# ca{ ?k} of“sf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf nflu ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f cg'bfg lbg] ePsf] 5 . g] kfn ;/ sf/ / Pl;ofnL ljsf; a} +s Pl8aLaLr zx/ L hLjgofkg ;'wf/ kl/ of] hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu ?kGb] xLsf kf“r j6f gu/ kflnsfn] ;Demf} tf u/ ] sf 5g\ . cy{ dGqfno / Pl8aLaLr !^ s/ f] 8 cd] l/ sL 8n/ sl/ a @! ca{ a/ fa/ sf] ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f / ^) nfv cd] l/ sL 8n/ sl/ a &) s/ f] 8 a/ fa/ sf] cg'bfg ;Demf} tf ePsf] xf] . of] C0f / cg'bfgsf kl/ of] hgfgdf ?kGb] xLsf kf“r gu/ ;lxt kf] v/ f pkdxfgu/ kflnsf / hgsk'/ wfd pkdxfgu/ kflnsf klg k/ ] sf 5g\ . ?kGb] xLsf] ltnf] Qdf, b] jbx, n'lDagL ;f+: s[lts, ;} gfd} gf / l;4fy{gu/ gu/ kflnsfdf C0f cg'bfgsf] / sdn] ;8s nufotsf k"jf{wf/ aGg] 5g\ . ltnf] Qdfdf

v'zLsf] va/

rf/ 7"nf cfof] hgfsf nflu tLg ca{ @% s/ f] 8 ?k} of“ a/ fa/ sf] ;Demf} tf ePsf] 5 . ltnf] Qdfdf j8f g+= !& df ax'p2] ZoLo ;'ljwf;DkGg / cfw'lgs lr: ofg s] Gb|, kTy/ 8f“8f–ltgfp ;8s, 8«fOe/ 6f] n–lzjk"/ ;8s : t/ f] Gglt / dwf} lnof– lax'nL– a/ f} lnof 8f“8f x'“b} lr: ofg s] Gb| k'Ug] ;8s lgdf{0f cfof] hgfsf nflu Pl8aLn] ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f / cg'bfg lbg] ePsf] xf] . gu/ k|d'v / fds[i0f vf“0fsf cg';f/ s"n ah] 6sf] &% k|ltzt g] kfn ;/ sf/ af6 cg'bfg, !* k|ltzt gu/ ljsf; sf] ifaf6 C0f / ;ft k|ltzt gu/ kflnsf sfof{nosf] cfGtl/ s ;|f] taf6 Aoxf] g{'kg] {5 . n'lDagL ;f+: s[lts gu/ kflnsfdf sl/ a tLg ca{ ?k} of“ a/ fa/ sf k"jf{wf/ agfpg ;Demf} tf ePsf] 5 . h;df j8f g+= # k8] l/ ofdf gu/ kflnsfsf] k|zf;lgs ejg / ;8s, j8f g++ !) dw'jgL dlxnaf/ df ljB'tLo uf8Lsf nflu rflh{ª : 6] zg;lxt ;f} o{ phf{ hl8t cfw'lgs a;kfs{, j8f g+= !# df sqmxjf gfsf glhs sfnLbxdf ko{6sLo kfs{, dlxnaf/ –em'nlgk'/ ^) lkm6sf] rf/ lsnf] ld6/ ;8s,

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf t'n;Lk'/ , $ df3 . kof{j/ 0fLo lbuf] ljsf; Pj+ cg';Gwfg s] Gb| bfªn] laxLaf/ t'n;Lk'/ df kqsf/ x?nfO{ cUof{lgs s[lif v] tL / o;sf] l/ kf] l6{ªsf ljifodf Pslbg] cUof{lgs s[lif kqsfl/ tf tflnd lbPsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf af] Nb} k|d'v cltly t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf k|d'v 6Lsf/ fd v8\sfn] clxn] sf] k': tfn] ljutdf xfdLn] ub} { cfPsf] cUof{lgs v] tL k4ltnfO{ kG5fp“b} ljiffbLsf] andf v] tL ul/ / x] sf] wf/ 0ff / fVg'eof] . ;fy} pxf“n] clxn] sf] s[lif pTkfbgdf x'g] ljiffbLsf] k|of] un] df6f] sf] pj{/ zlQm / dfgjLo : jf: Yodf ;d] t uDeL/ c;/ ul/ / x] sf] s'/ f ;dfhnfO{ a'emfpg ;Sg] Ifdtf kqsf/ df / x] sf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …s] xL kl/ dfh{g u/ ] / xfd|f afa'afh] n] ub} { cfPsf] cUof{lgs v] tL k4lt ckgfpg] xf] eg] pko'Qm cfDbfgL tyf

df6f] / dfgjLo : jf: YonfO{ hf] ufpg ;lsG5 eGg] ;Gb] z kqsf/ n] ;dfhdf k'¥ofpg h?/ L 5 .Ú s] Gb|sf cWoIf l8NnLaxfb'/ / fjtsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf cWoIf / fjtn] ljutdf uf] 7] dn / : ofpnf dnsf] e/ df cUof{lgs v] tL ul/ g] x'“bf Go"g dfqfdf pTkfbg x'GYof] eg] clxn] cUof{lgs v] tL k4lt w] / } ljsl;t eO;s] sf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …clxn] lj?jfnfO{ rflxg] gfO6«f] hg, km: kmf] / ;h: tf tTjx?sf] k"lt{ ug] { hLjgx?sf] klxrfg eO;s] sf] 5. cUof{lgs ljiffbLsf] pTkfbg eO;s] sf] 5 . To;} n] ca / f;folgs dn / ljiffbLsf] k|of] uljg} cUof{lgs v] tLaf6 dgUo cfDbfgL ug{ ;lsG5 .Ú sfo{qmddf g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf ;x;lrj lbKtLlzvf rf} w/ Lnufotn] cfkm\gf wf/ 0ff / fVg'ePsf] lyof] eg] tflndsf] k|lzIfsdf n'lDagL k|b] zsf s[lif clws[t clgn algof / s[lif kqsf/ s[i0f vgfn / xg'ePsf] lyof] .

df] unfxf–dl;gf–e} ;lxof #% lkm6sf] ;f9] * lsnf] ld6/ ;8s agfpg] u/ L ;Demf} tf ePsf] gu/ kflnsfn] hgfPsf] 5.

To: t} l;4fy{gu/ gu/ kflnsfdf gu/ leq @& lsnf] ld6/ sfnf] kq] ;8s lgdf{0fsf nflu sl/ a b'O{ ca{ ?k} of“sf] cfof] hgfdf ;Demf} tf ePsf] 5 . gu/ sf ljleGg j8fdf k|fyldstfsf cfwf/ df ;fOsn n] g;lxtsf] ;8s agfOg] gu/ k|d'v Ol: tofs cxdb vfgn] atfpg'eof] . ;} gfd} gf gu/ kflnsfdf @! lsnf] ld6/ rqmky / sg] lS66ª / f] 8 lgdf{0fsf nflu sl/ a b\'O{ ca{ ?k} of“sf] cfof] hgfdf ;Demf} tf ePsf] gu/ k|d'v kml0fGb| zdf{n] atfpg' eof] . b] jbx gu/ kflnsfn] ] k"jf{wf/ df ;'wf/ cGtu{t b] jbx–( sf] en'xL ef6f6f] n x'“b} d'lvof 6f] n, b] jbx–$ l;uxf x'“b}

gu/ kflnsf hfg] ;8s, b] jbx– & jg rf} sLb] lv dfofb] jL kfs{ x'“b} a'4 ;ls{6 ;8s, b] jbx– * sf] a'waf/ ] xf6ahf/ b] lv ltnf] Qdfsf] agfx hfg] ;8s / b] jbx– & zLtngu/ ejfgLk'/ x'“b} ;f] Oof hfg] ;8ssf] lgdf{0f k|lqmofsf nflu tLg ca{ ?k} of“ kfpg] ePsf] 5 . kf“rj6} kflnsfdf Pl8aL;“u x: tfIf/ ePsf !# ca{sf cfof] hgf ;DkGg x'“bf ?kGb] xLsf] k'jf{wf/ ljsf;n] gof prfO lng] / o;n] ko{6gsf ;fy} cfly{s ljsf;df 7"nf] of] ubfg k'Ug] ltnf] Qdf gukflnsfsf k|d'v / fds[i0f vf“0fsf] egfO 5 . gu/ k|d'v vf“0fsf cg';f/ Pl8aLn] n'lDagL / cf;kf;sf] ko{6g k|j4{gdf of] ubfg k'Ug] u/ L ko{6sLo : yn cf;kf;sf kflnsfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/ C0f cg'bfg lbPsf] xf] .

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cj;/sf nflu bf}8w'k, vr{ a[l4 x'g ;Sg]5 .

vh'/fsf] l3of ufp“df aGb}5 xf]d:6] o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf af“s] , $ df3 . ko{6g If] qdf 6] jf k'¥ofpg] p2] Zon] af“s] sf] vh'/ f ufp“kflnsfn] cfkm\g} nufgLdf l3of ufp“‘df 3/ af; …xf] d: 6] Ú ;lxt ko{6sLo: yn agfpg] ePsf] 5 . ufp“kflnsfsf] nufgLdf j8f g+= * l: yt l3ofufp“sf] d'Qmsd} of a: tLdf xf] d: 6] agfpg nfluPsf] xf] . lj;+ @)^@–^# sf] hgcfGbf] ngdf cu|0fL e"ldsf lgjf{x u/ ] sf] l3of ufp“nfO{ ko{6sLo: yn agfpg eGb} kflnsfn] o; jif{ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf l8kLcf/ lgdf{0f ug{ @% nfv ah] 6 lalgof] hg u/ ] sf] vh'/ f ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf 8Da/ axfb'/ ljsn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . k"jf{wf/ ljsf;cGtu{t clxn] ufp“df df3L d] nfsf] cfof] hgf ul/ Psf] 5 . kflnsfsf cWoIf ljsn] P] ltxfl;s l3of qmflGtk'/ tfnsf] ;+/ If0f ug] { / tfn ko{6gsf] ljsf; ub} { d'Qm sd} of a: tLdf xf] d: 6] lgdf{0f

ul/ g] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] b] z ljb] zsf cfGtl/ s tyf afx\o ko{6snfO{ cfsif{0f ug] {u/ L !^ laufx hUufdf tfn lgdf{0f u/ L To; jl/ kl/ d'Qm sd} ofx¿n] cfkm} ;~rfng ug] { u/ L xf] d: 6] agfOg] atfpg'eof] . o; jif{ : yfgLo cu'jfnfO{ b] zsf pTs[i6 xf] d: 6] sf] e|d0f u/ fOg] tyf ko{6g;DaGwL tflnd k|bfg ul/ g] kflnsfsf] of] hgf / x] sf] 5 . lhNnfsf] a} hgfy / vh'/ f ufp“kflnsfsf] l;dfgfdf kg] { l3oftfnsf] ljsf; / ;+/ If0f ug{ cGt/ kflnsf ;dGjo ul/ g] cWoIf ljsn] atfpg'eof] . ;fljssf] / lgofk'/ uflj; / xfn vh'/ f ufp“kflnsf–& / * j8fdf l;+rfO{ ug{ k'Ug] !^ ljufx If] qkmnsf] k|fs[lts tfn xfn cltqmd0fsf] rk] 6fdf k/ ] sf] 5 . yf¿ ;d'bfosf] afx'No / x] sf] l3of / d'l: nd ;d'bfosf] afSnf] a;f] af; / x] sf] / lgofk'/ nfO{ ko{6gsf] s] Gb| agfpg kflnsfn] o;} jif{b] lv ah] 6 ljlgof] hg u/ ] sf] ufp“kflnsfn] hgfPsf] 5 .

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k|z+;gLo sfo{ ug{ / wg cfh{g ug{ ;lsg]5 . k|z+;s a9\nfg\ . sfo{x? ;Dkfbg xf]nfg\ .

ef8f tyf g] kfnu~hdf a: g] / vfg] ;'ljwf pknAw u/ fPsf] k|bz{gLsf ;+of] hs / ] jtL l;+xn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . dlxnf pBdL Crf n'O6‘“ ]nn] ;~rfng u/ ] sf] u/ uxgfsf] Joj;fon] klg u|fxssf] dg lht] sf] lyof] . dlxnf pBdLsf] pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/ Ls/ 0f ug{ o; k|sf/ sf k|bz{gL jif{df b'O{ k6s ljleGg lhNnfdf ;~rfng ug{k' g]{ dfu pBdL dlxnfsf] 5 . dlxnf pBdL ;+3n] : yfgLo dlxnf pBdLn] pTkfbg u/ ] sf] ;fdu|Lsf] ahf/ Ls/ 0fsf nflu g] kfnu~hdf sf] ;] nL 3/ klg ;~rfng u/ ] sf] 5 .

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf sf7df8f} +, $ df3 . lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf s'g} klg z} lIfs k|df0fkq lng k/ LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no -klgsf_ k'Ug' gkg] { ePsf] 5 . klgsfn] oxL df3 !% ut] b] lv ;a} z} lIfs k|df0fkqsf] sfd cgnfOgdfkm{t ug] { / ;DalGwt klgsfsf If] qLo sfof{nodf k7fpg] ePsfn] ca ljBfyL{{nfO{ aNv'l: yt klgsf sfof{nodf k'Ug gkg] { k/ LIff lgoGqs k'ik/ fh hf] zLn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . oxL df3 !% ut] b] lv ljBfyL{n] 6«fG;lqmK6, k|f] ljhg ;l6{lkms] 6, k'gof] {u, s'g} klg k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk tyf ;Rofpg'kg] {h: tf sfd cgnfOgaf6 ug{ yflnPsf] lgoGqs hf] zLn] atfpg'eof] . …ca ljBfyL{n] s'g} klg z} lIfs k|df0fkq lngsf nflu cgnfOgdfkm{t kmf/ fd e/ ] /

z'Ns klg O–k] d] G6af6 ltg{ ;S5g\Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …xfdLn] ;DalGwt klgsfsf If] qLo sfof{nodf ljBfyL{sf z} lIfs k|df0fkq Ps xKtfleq k7fpg] ub{5f} + .Ú lgoGqs hf] zLsf cg';f/ clxn] z} lIfs k|df0fkq If] qLo sfof{nodf k7fpg] / j} zfvb] lv ljBfyL{ k9] sf] SofDk;df g} kf“r lbgdf kfpg] u/ L k7fOg] 5 . klgsfdf b} lgs Ps xhf/ b] lv b'O{ xhf/ ljBfyL{ z} lIfs k|df0fkqsf nflu cfpg] u/ ] sf] pxf“sf] egfO 5 . ljBfyL{n] klgsfsf] j] a;fO6 www.tuexam.edu.np df uP/ cgnfOg kmf/ fd eg{ ;S5g\ . oxL df3 !% ut] b] lv cgnfOg ;] jf ;~rfng ug{ sd{rf/ LnfO{ tflnd lbO{ tof/ kfl/ g] 5 . lj/ f6gu/ , kf] v/ f, g] kfnu~h / cQl/ ofdf lqljsf If] qLo sfof{no 5g\ .

dlxnfx?sf] g]t[Tj ljsf;sf nflu k|lzIf0f o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf a'6jn, $ df3 . / fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs If] qdf a9LeGbfa9L dlxnf k|ltlglwTj a9fpg] / ;Ifd dlxnf g] t[Tj ljsf;sf nflu g] kfn du/ dlxnf ;+ 3 df cfj4 dlxnfx?nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] 5 . a'6jn pkdxfgu/ ;ldltn] a'6jndf ;+: yfut tyf g] t[Tj ljsf; k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd u/ ] sf] xf] . a'6jnsf !( j6} j8fsf dlxnfx?sf nflu tflnd ;~rfng ul/ Psf] xf] . dN6L : k] zlni6 ;] G6/ e"k" ;} lgs 8] G6n k|fln / P8d08 l;6L xl: k6n k|flnsf] cfly{s ;xof] udf du/ dlxnf ;+3sf s] Gb|Lo g] t[Tjn] k|lzIf0f lbPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ub} { s] Gb|Lo cWoIf lx?;/ f / fgfn] ljlwljwfgdf / fv] / ;+: yfut ljsf; ub} { ;ft k|b] zd} ;ldlt u7g ub} { cfPsf] atfpg'eof] . / fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs If] qdf a9LeGbfa9L dlxnf k| l tlglwTj a9fpg] u/ L ;Ifd dlxnf g] t[Tj ljsf;sf] cleofgdf cfkm" x ? nfu] sf] atfpg'eof] .

efiff, ;+: sf/ , ;+: s[ltnfO{ ;+ / If0f ub} { goF“ k' : tfdf k': tfGt/ 0fsf] cleofg klxnf] k| f yldstf ePsf] pNn] v ug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf g] kfn du/ ;+3sf s] Gb|Lo ;b: o tyf ?kGb] xL O~rfh{ wgL cfn] n] l;Sg] / l;sfpg] qmddf cfkm"x? / x] sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf g] kfn du/ dlxnf ;+ 3 sL s] Gb|Lo ;b: o dw' / fgfn] du/ dlxnfx?nfO{ ;+: yfut g] t[Tj cfhsf] cfjZostf ePsf] eGb} l;sfOnfO{ lg/ Gt/ tf lbg ;'emfj lbg'eof] . sfo{qmddf g]kfn dlxnf du/ ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo jl/ i7 pkfWoIf wgs'df/ L / fgf, s] Gb| L o pk–dxf;lrj lrqf >Lz, g] kfn du/ dlxnf ;+3 a'6jn pkdxfgu/ ;ldltsf ;Nnfxsf/ s' d f/ L yfkf, gu/ sf ;lrj tLy{ s' d f/ L ;f] d/ ] nufotn] af] Nb} ;+: yfsf] nIo Pp6} x'“bf cfkm"x? Psh'6 eP/ nfUg'kg] { atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf gu/ cWoIf uf} / Ldfof yfkfn] j8f: t/ df / x] sf dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ tflnddf g] t[Tj, ;+ : yfut ljsf; / åGå Aoj: yfkgsf ljifodf k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] atfpg'eof] .

lk;fj k/LIf0f u/L nfu'cf}ifw ;]jg u/]sf] kQf nufpg] t/Lsf cfof] olb tkfOFsf] dfG5] jf ljBfyL{x? b'AnfpFb} uPsf] 5, k9fO{df sdhf]/ x'Fb}5, cgfjZos k};f dfUg] / vr{ u5{, cfkmGtx?;Fu 6f9f x'g vf]H5, ;fFem l9nf] ;'Tg] / laxfg l9nf] p7\5 / ;du| Jojxf/ kl/jt{g x'Fb} uPsf] 5 eg] nfu'cf}ifwsf] ;d:ofdf k/]sf] x'g ;S5 . pQm JolQmsf] z/L/df nfu'cf}ifw ePsf] hfFr ug]{ ;fdu|Lsf] ;xof]u lnO{ 3/ jf ljBfnodf cfkm} lk;fj hfFr u/L kQf nufpg'xf];\ / nfu'cf}ifwsf] bnbnn] x'g] ljs/fn Ifltaf6 aRg'xf];\ / arfpg'xf];\ . a;Gt k'g M k|b]z ;+of]hs– n'lDagL k|b]z lk;fa k/LIf0f nfu'cf}ifw b'Jo{;g /f]syfd cleofg g]kfn ;Dks{ JolQm (*$&*#!*$(, (*)(*^))&&

wg' -o] ,of] ,ef,eL,e",w,kmf,9f,e] _M ds/ -ef] ,hf,hL,h",h] ,hf],vf,vL,v",v] ,vf] ,uf,uL_M

:jf:Yo / kl/l:ylt s]xL k|lts"n /xg ;Sg]5 .

t'n;Lk'/ , $ df3 . Pp6f lan sf6] / lbge/ gbLhGo kbfy{ cf] ;f/ k;f/ ug] { lu/ f] xnfO{ sf/ jfxLsf] bfo/ fdf Nofpg vf] Hbf cglws[t cf/ f] k nufPsf] t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsf k|fs[lts ;|f] t ;fwg cg'udg ;ldltsf ;+of] hs !$ gDa/ j8fWoIf z+s/ v8\sfn] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . laxLjf/ t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf] sfof{nodf ePsf] kqsf/ ;Dd] ngdf af] Nb} ;+of] hs v8\sfn] : yfgLo ;/ sf/ sf] gLltljk/ Lt / fhZj glt/ ] / } gbLhGo kbfy{sf] bf] xg ug{ vf] Hg] x?nfO{ kflnsfn] s8fOsf ;fy sf/ jfxL k|lqmofdf Nofof] . k'; @^ ut] ltg} JolQmx?n] kflnsf sfof{nodf tfnfaGbL ub} { !$ / !^ gDa/ j8fWoIf tyf k'ln;sf] ldn] dtf] df s] xL 6\ofS6/ 5'6] sf] cf/ f] k nufPsf 5g\ t/ tL 6\ofS6/ n] : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] tf] s] sf] / fhZj lt/ ] / dfq} 5'6] sf / k|df0fx? ;'/ lIft ePsf] atfpg'eof] .

sfo{qmddf ;ldltsf ;b: o tyf !^ gDa/ j8fWoIf lzjfgGb l8;Ln] gbLhGo kbfy{sf] sf/ f] af/ df ;ldlt s8fOsf ;fy nfUbf pT;fxhgs / fhZj ;+sng ePsf] atfpg'eof] . …rf] / L lgoGq0f ubf{ clxn] ;Dd em08} $) nfv a/ fa/ / fhZj ;+sng ePsf] 5 . hf] ljutdf x'“b} gYof] . olt 7"nf] / sd ljutdf : yfgLo ;/ sf/ nfO{ 5Nb} cfPsfx? cQflnPsf x'g\ . o;n] ;ldltnfO{ s'g} c;/ kfb} {g . xfdLn] cfkm\gf] sfo{nfO{ cem s8fOsf ;fy cufl8 a9fp“5f} +Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …pgLx?n] clxn] klg ljleGg vfnsf 5nsk6 ub} { ljutsf] cfkm"n] ub} { cfPsf] lj/ f;t hf] ufpg vf] h] sf 5g\ . To;nfO{ lrg{ xfdLn] Eof6 lanlagf dfn af] s] sf] uf8L hkmt ub} { cfPsf 5f} + / Eof6 landf ;do klg tf] Sg clgjfo{ u/ ] sf] 5f} + .Ú olb ;do gtf] lsPsf] lan eP To;nfO{ klg sf/ jfxLsf] bfo/ fdf NofOg] l8;Ln] atfpg'eof] .

k|ltkIfn] xf/vfg ;Sg]5g\ . nIdL k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 . eljiosf] nflu kmfObf x'g] sfo{df cu|;/ eOg ;lsg]5 .

cj;/n] k5\ofpnf, k|ltlIft glthfn] pT;fx hufpg]5 .

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf

cfltYo ;Tsf/, gof“ ldq Pj+ /dfOnf] ofqf ug{ ;lsg]5 .

d]xgt u/] cfDbfgLsf ;|f]t km]nf kg]{5g\ .

Joj;fon] nfe lbg]5 .

efª\ u f] nufot vfB ;fdu| L cTolws laqmL ePsf] dlxnf pBdL ;+3sf s] Gb|Lo ;b: o ;/ : jtL zdf{n] atfpg'eof] . pxf“ s f cg' ; f/ uf“ h faf6 pTkfbg ul/ Psf 6f] kL, cNnf] sf] 6f] kL, sf] 6nufot ljleGg sk8fn] ahf/ kfPsf] 5 . k|bz{gL: yndf dlxnf pBdLn] ksfPsf ;] n/ f] 6L, yf? dlxnfn] ksfPsf] l9+qmL cTolws laqmL ePsf] lyof] . pBdL dlxnfnfO{ k|f] T;fxg ug] { p2] Zon] dlxnf pBdL ;+ 3 n] k| b z{ g L sIf lgMz'Ns?kdf pknAw u/ fPsf] lyof] eg] aflx/ af6 cfpg] dlxnf pBdLnfO{ oftfoft

Joj;foLn] nufPsf] cf/f]k em'7f] xf] M v8\sf lqljsf z}lIfs k|df0fkq ;]jf cgnfOgaf6}

Hof]= k+= 8f= e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8] ;b:o– g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb\ df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%!

xfdLsxfF ljjfx, kf6L{, uf]i7Lsf] nflu k~r]] afhfsf] Joj:yf 5 . ;fy} l;nfO{ ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd ul/G5 .

dxTjsf+Iffdf ;kmntf Pj+ cfkmGt e]63f6 x'g ;Sg]5 .

af“s] , $ df3 . n'lDagL k|b] zcGtu{tsf dlxnf pBdLn] pTkfbg u/]sf j: t'sf] ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu g]kfnu~hdf cfof] hgf ul/ Psf] k|bz{gLdf !% nfvsf] sf/ f] af/ ePsf] 5 . k|bz{gLdf dlxnf pBdLn] : yfgLo: t/ df pTkfbg u/ ] sf s[lifhGo j: t', sk8f, vfBfGg, x: tsnf, sf7af6 ag] sf j: t', kTy/ af6 ag] sf u/ uxgf, sDkf] i6 dn / 3/ jf; k|j4{gnufotsf k|bz{gL sIf / flvPsf] lyof] . k|b{zgLdf ^% k|bz{gL sIf eP klg ^! /flvPsf]

lyof] . kf“r lbg;Dd ;~rfng ePsf] k| b z{ g Ldf !% nfv a9Lsf] sf/ f] af/ ePsf] dlxnf pBdL ;+3 af“s]sf cWoIf ;fljqf a: g] tn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ b}lgs?kdf sl/a tLg nfv cfly{s sf/f]af/ ePsf] 5 . cWoIf a: g] tn] eGg'eof] – … k|bz{gLdf / flvPsf dlxnfn] pTkfbg u/ ] sf j: t'nfO{ lgs} n] dg k/ fPsf] kfOof] . o;af6 ahf/ Ls/ 0fdf lgs} ;xh x'g] cfzf knfPsf] 5 .Ú k| b z{ g Ldf s0ff{ n Lsf lhNNffaf6 dlxnf pBdLn] NofPsf ;fdfgsf] dfu a9] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . / f] NkfnL l;dL,

Email: b9847831849@gmail.com

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?s'd klZrddf gf} s/f]8sf] cb'jf laqmL o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf

x/fp“b}==== tyf vf] nfdf cGo lqmofsnfk xfjL eP . klxnf dfgjLo lqmofsnfk x'“‘b} gYof] . k|z: t hnk+IfL e] l6Gy] . clxn] ljut h: tf] 5} gÚ– ;+/ If0fsdL{ lr/ ~hLjL vgfnn] eGg'eof] – …pTvgg\ a9\of] . qm;/ pBf] ux? v'n] . r/ fx? a: g] 7fp“‘df dflg;sf] cfphfp a9\of] .

To; sf/ 0fn] r/ fx?n] af;: yfg km] g{ yfn] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . clxn] dflg;sf] pkl: ylt sd ePsf] : yfgdf r/ fx? e] l6G5g\ .Ú hnk+IfLsf] u0fgf hf/ L g] kfn k+IfL ;+/ If0f ;+3n] hnk+IfLsf] u0fgf hf/ L / fv] sf] 5 . x/ ] s jif{sf] hgj/ L dlxgfdf hnk+IfLsf] u0fgf ul/ b} cfPsf] 5 . o;kfln / fKtL gbLnfO{ cfwf/ dfg] / oxf“ kfOg] hnk+IfLsf] u0fgf z'? ul/ Psf] xf] . k"j{df Ko'7fgsf] af+u] ;fnb] lv klZrddf af“s] sf] sDbL sl/ 8f] / ;Ddsf] If] qnfO{ cfwf/ dfg] / hnk+IfLsf] u0fgfsf] sfd eO/ x] sf] g] kfn k+IfL ;+/ If0f ;+3sf kl/ of] hgf clws[t lbnLk rGbn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . cfuGt's / / } yfg] r/ fsf] cj: yf kQf nufpg hnk+IfL u0fgf ug{] sfd rln/ x] sf] xf] . …xfdLn] u0fgf hf/ L / fv] sf 5f} + . clxn] ;Dd xfdLn] rv] jf, dl0ftGb's, hn] jf, / fhlu4, vf] of xf“; cfuGt's r/ fsf] ?kdf km] nf kf/ ] sf 5f} +Ú– rGbn] eGg'eof] – …g] kfndf sd b] lvg] Zj] tdfyf xf“; klg / ] s8{ ul/ Psf] 5 .Ú / } yfg] r/ fx? js'nf, s/ f;fj/ L, df6Lsf] / ] h: tf r/ fx? klg e] l6Psf 5g\ . t/ cWoogsf] qmddf r/ fx? ayfgdf sd} e] l6Psf 5g\ . r/ f ;+/ If0fdf ;d'bfo / ;/ f] sf/ jfnf ;/ sf/ L tyf u} / ;/ sf/ L lgsfonfO{ ;xefuL agfO{ ;r] tgf clej[l4 / ;+/ If0fdf xft] dfnf] sf nflu x/ ] s jif{sf] hgj/ L dlxgfdf hnk+IfLx?sf] cg'udg / u0fgf ul/ G5 . o; jif{ -;g @)@$_ sf] u0fgf k'; @! b] lv df3 & ut] ;Dd rNg] 5 . pQ/ L „'jdf lxdkft eP;“‘u} g] kfndf Ps ;o %) eGbf a9L k|hfltsf r/ f cfpg] ub{5g\ . lxp“b ofdsf] z'?jft;“u} hf8f] 5Ng ljb] zL r/ f a;fO ;g] { ub{5g\ . tNnf] lxdfnL e] u, kxf8 / t/ fO{sf ljleGg e"efu tyf tfntn} of / gbL cf;kf;df ljb] zL r/ f cfpg] u/ ] sf 5g\ . g] kfndf #& : yfgnfO{ r/ fsf] dxTjk"0f{ If] q dflgPsf] 5 . hxf“ xhf/ f} +sf] ;+Vofdf r/ fn] cf>o lng] u/ ] sf 5g\ . ?;, lslu{: tfg, t's] {ld: tfg, pHj] ls: tfg, ch/ j} hfg, rLg,

cfsif{s View Point hUuf laqmLdf 3f]/bf}8f eGbf /fd|f] #^)) View b]lvg] 3f]/fxL ahf/af6 %÷^ ls=dL= pQ/tkm{ :yfg M 3f]/fxL–!( ysfnLsf]6, ;}3f ;Dks{ g+=M (*^*^(@%)$

laqmL u/ ] sf ls;fgn] o; jif{ k|ltSjLG6n kf“r xhf/ b] lv cf7 xhf/ ;Dddf laqmL u/ ] sf 5g\ . lhNnfdf d'Vou/ L lqj] 0fL ufp“kflnsfdf / fd|f] cb'jf pTkfbg x'g] u/ ] sf] 5 . To: t} ;fgLe] / L ufp“kflnsf, d';Lsf] 6 gu/ kflnsf / cf7aL;sf] 6 gu/ kflnsfdf klg s] xL dfqfdf cb'jf pTkfbg x'g] u/ ] sf] lgldQ k|d'v s] ;Ln] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . o; jif{ lhNNffaf6 Ps xhf/ 5 ;o d] l6«s 6g cb'jf laqmL x'“bf cf7 s/ f] 8 *) nfv cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 eg] cem} s] xL cb'jf laqmL ug{ af“sL 5 . cb'jf pTkfbgaf6 $) xhf/ b] lv kf“r nfv;Dd ls;fgn] cfDbfgL ug] { u/ ] sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . cb'jf pTkfbg ug] { ls;fgsf] ;+Vof lhNnfdf rf/ ;o xf/ fxf/ Ldf eP klg Jofj;flos¿kdf cb'jfv] tL ug] { ls;fgsf] ;+Vof ^) b] lv &) / x] sf] lgldQ k|d'v s] ;Ln] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] .

d+uf] ] lnof, o'/ f] k, sf] l/ of tyf ltAatL If] qaf6 cfuGt's r/ f cfpg] u/ ] sf 5g\ . g] kfndf !(*& b] lv r/ f u0fgf z'? ul/ Psf] lyof] . w] / } r/ f ePsf If] qdf lu|8 agfP/ Sofd/ f, 6] ln: sf] k, afOgfs'n/ sf] k|of] u tyf k|ToIf cjnf] sg u/ L r/ f u0fgf ul/ G5 .

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ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfd s: sf] dftxtdf eO/ x] sf] 5 eGg] ljifodf cfkm" hfgsf/ gePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …d} n] 7] s] bf/ ;“u l56f] lgdf{0f ;Sg

;fdfGo v] tL ug] { ls;fgn] b'O{ / f] kgLb] lv Jofj;flos¿kdf v] tL ug] { ls;fgn] #) / f] kgL hUufdf cb'jfv] tL ug] { u/ ] sf 5g\ . …ut jif{ lhNNnfdf k|f+ufl/ s s[ifs k|dfl0ft ePsf tLg ;o Ps ls;fgn] pTkfbg u/ ] sf] cb'jf ;'v] {tdf / x] sf] b cUof{lgs EofnL;“u ;dGjo u/ ] / s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] laqmL u/ ] sf] lyof] . o; jif{ eg] Jofkf/ Ln] ls;fgs} af/ Ldf cfP/ cb'jf vl/ b u/ ] sfn] ahf/ sf] ;d: of ePg . ls;fgn] cfkm} / fd|f] d"Nodf cb'jf laqmL u/ ] sf 5g\Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] . lhNnfdf pTkfbg ePsf] cb'jf bfª, g] kfhu~h / sf7df8f} +;Dd hfg] u/ ] sf] 5 . cb'jf nufPsf] lglZrt ;do gk'Ub} ;fpgsf] clGtddf a'0ff{ -gof“ tof/ gx'“b} lgsflnPsf] k'/ fgf] lap_ lgsfNg'kg] {df c;f/ d} lgsfn] sf] o; jif{ cb'jf pTkfbgdf sdL cfPsf] pQm sfof{nosf] egfO lyof] .

w] / } cg'/ f] w u/ ] + t/ sfd eO/ x] sf] 5} g . ut r} t;Ddsf] Dofb xf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug] { . clxn] klg sfd ;DkGg ePsf] 5} g . ca a9Ldf !%÷@) lbgsf] sfd af“sL 5 t/ s] xL lbgb] lv sfd ePsf] 5} g .Ú hUufbftfx?n] cfkm"n] eg] h:tf] eOlbP x'GYof] eGg' : jfefljs} eP klg To;nfO{ s'g k|of] hgdf ;b'kof] u ug] { eGg] ljifodf : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] lg0f{o lng] t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf k|jQmf dfwj jnLn] atfpg'eof] . …pxf“x?n] bfg lbO;s] kl5 Tof] : yfgLo

;/ sf/ sf] dftxtdf cfO;s] sf] 5 . To;sf] ;+/ If0f ub} { k|of] udf Nofpg] : yfgLo ;/ sf/ sf] sfd xf] . sltko k|of] udf cfO;s] sf 5g\ eg] sltkonfO{ ;+/ If0f ug'{kg] { cj: yf 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …s] xL l9nfO ePsf] cjZo xf] t/ cfkm\ gf] dftxtdf / x] sf] hUufsf] vf] hL u/ ] / ltgsf] ;+/ If0f u/ ] / k|of] udf Nofpg] ljifodf t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfn] cleofg yfln;s] sf] 5 .Ú !)) Ü glb yfx} O{

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