२०७९ असार ११ गते शनिबार

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www.nayayougbodh.com

(Naya Yugbodh National Daily June 25, 2022)

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:yfgLo tx 3f]/fxL pdgkf t'n;Lk'/ pdgkf ndxL gkf a+unfr'nL ufkf u9jf ufkf /fhk'/ ufkf zflGtgu/ ufkf aaO{ ufkf b+uLz/0f ufkf

uf} td Pdfn] df k|j] z 3f] / fxL, !) c;f/ -o';_– g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gb| kl/ Tofu u/ L : jtGq a: g' ePsf g] tf hLjg uf} td g] skf Pdfn] df k|j] z ug{'ePsf] 5. dfcf] jfbL s] Gb|Lo ;b: o tyf bfª lhNnf O~rfh{ uf} tdn] : yfgLo lgjf{rgcl3 dfcf] jfbL s] Gb| kl/ Tofu ug{'ePsf] lyof] . g] tf uf} tdnfO{ z'qmaf/ sf7df8f} +df cfof] lht Ps sfo{qmddf kf6L{ cWoIf s] kL zdf{ cf] nLn] : jfut ug'{ePsf] xf] . uf} td;“u} jfOl;Pn g] kfnsf k"j{ ;lrj lbj; kf08] klg Pdfn] k|j] z ug{'ePsf] 5 .

cg'bfgaf6 Ps s/f]8 / ;+3Lo ljz]if cg'bfgaf6 b'O{ s/f]8 a]xf]l/g]5 eg] k|b]z ;dk"/s cg'bfgaf6 tLg s/f]8 / k|b]z ljz]if cg'bfgaf6 *) nfv vr{ a]xf]l/g]5 . o;af6 ck'u x'g] /sd %# s/f]8 %* nfv / ut cfly{s jif{sf] a}s + df}Hbftaf6 ;|f]t Joj:yfkg ul/g] ah]6df pNn]v 5 .

To;}u/L t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] Ps ca{ *^ s/f]8 $& nfv &( xhf/sf] ah]6 NofPsf] 5 . gu/ pkk|dv ' :ofgL rf}w/Ln] rfn'tkm{sf sfo{qmdx?, k|zf;lgs vr{ / sfof{no ;~rfngtkm{ s'n $& s/f]8 &@ nfv && xhf/ / ljsf; / ;zlQms/0fsf sfo{qmdx?, ;zt{sf sfo{qmdtkm{ s'n Ps ca{ #& s/f]8 (& nfv &( xhf/ / ljQLo vr{tkm{ && nfv @# xhf/ ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . o;}u/L ndxL gu/kflnsfn] Ps ca{ #( s/f]8 *! Nffv !* xhf/sf] ah]6 NofPsf] 5 . gu/ pkk|dv ' nIdL of]uLn] cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf o;k6s @& s/f]8 #! Nffv !*

xhf/ w]/} ah]6 Nofpg'ePsf] xf] . gu/kflnsfn] ;a}eGbf a9L k"jf{wf/ If]qdf ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . k"jf{wf/ ljsf; zfvfdf @# s/f]8 &^ nfv, lzIff tyf v]ns"b zfvfsf] nflu kf“r s/f]8 (# nfv, :jf:Yo zfvfsf] nflu b'O{ s/f]8 *) nfv, s[lif ljsf; zfvfdf b'O{ s/f]8, ndxL c:ktfnsf nflu tLg s/f]8 &) nfv, ko{6g k|a4{gtkm{ Ps s/f]8 ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . /fhk'/ ufp“kflnsfn] %# s/f]8 @) nfv &! xhf/sf] ah]6 NofPsf] 5 . pkfWoIf wgktL ofbjn] rfn'tkm{ ## s/f]8 ^) nfv #! xhf/ / k"h “ Luttkm{ !( s/f]8 ^) nfv $) xhf/ ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . cfly{s ljsf;tkm{ tLg s/f]8 $% nfv #@ xhf/ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . h;cGtu{t s[lif, kz' ;]jf, l;+rfO{, e"ld Joj:yf ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0fsf nflu tLg s/f]8 Ps nfv ^& xhf/, pBf]u ko{6g k|j4{g, n3'pBd ljsf; tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkgtkm{ $# nfv ^% xhf/ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf]

5 . o;}aLr /fhk'/ ufp“kflnsfn] kflnsfsf] s]Gb| / gfd 6'u+ f] nufPsf] 5 . kflnsfsf] s]Gb| j8f g+= $ b'n}ofdf /fVg], gfd /fhk'/ a]nf ufp“kflnsf /fVg] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . kflnsf / s]Gb| kl/jt{g u/]sf] af/] k|b]z dGqfno x'b“ } s]Gb|nfO{ hfgsf/L lbOg] / To;kl5 sfof{Gjogdf cfpg]5 . o;}u/L u9jf ufp“kflnsfn] ^# s/f]8 $% nfv !) xhf/ ah]6 ufp“;efdf k]z u/]sf] 5 . pkfWoIf zf/bfs'df/L rf}w/Ln] rfn'tkm{ #! s/f]8 ^% nfv &^ xhf/, k"h “ Luttkm{ #! s/f]8 &( nfv #$ xhf/sf] ah]6 k|:t't ug{e ' Psf] xf] . ufp“kflnsfn] lzIff If]qdf Ps s/f]8 () nfv, s[lif / kz' ;]jfdf ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdsf] nflu Ps s/f]8, ufp“kflnsf:t/Lo ljleGg of]hgfx?sf nflu Ps s/f]8 %* nfv @) xhf/ rf/ ;o ah]6 lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . s[liftkm{ (* nfv, kz' ;]jftkm{ ^# nfv, e"ldxLg ;'sD' jf;L / cJojl:yt a;f]jf; sfo{qmdsf nflu Ps s/f]8, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsftkm{ () nfv, ;k{bz + af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

g]kfndf lszf]/Lsf] k|hgg b/ pRr o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf sf7df8f},+ !) c;f/ . g]kfndf lszf]/L cj:yfsf] k|hgg b/ pRr /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . kl/jf/ sNof0f dxfzfvfn] …kl/jf/ lgof]hg / k|hgg :jf:YoÚ b/ ljifodf u/]sf] cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf dxfzfvfsL jl/i7 sDo'lg6L gl;{ª k|zf;s sljtf cof{nn] g]kfndf lszf]/L cj:yf -!% jif{b]lv !( jif{_ sf] k|hgg b/ ^# k|ltzt /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . …g]kfndf lszf]/Lsf] k|hgg b/ pRr 5, ;g\ @)#) ;Dd lbuf] nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu k|hgg b/ #) k|ltztdf emfg'{ cfjZos 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ dw]z k|b]z / s0ff{nL k|b]zsf lszf]/Ldf k|hgg b/ a9L /x]sf] 5 . k|b]z g+= ! df ^! k|ltzt, dw]z k|b]zdf (^ k|ltzt, afudtL k|b]zdf $) k|ltzt, u08sL k|b]zdf %* k|ltzt, n'lDagL k|b]zdf %& k|ltzt, s0ff{nL k|b]zdf *! k|ltzt / ;'b/" klZrd k|b]zdf

^) k|ltzt lszf]/Ldf k|hgg b/ /x]sf] 5 . pxf“n] lszf]/fj:yfdf ue{jtL ePsf cfdfsf] d[To' b/ a9L x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf @) b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/df ue{jtL x'b“ f x'g] d[To'sf] ;DefjgfeGbf bf]Aa/ a9L x'g] atfpg'eof] . g]kfndf s'n k|hgg b/ @=# k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf ;g\ !(&^ df ^=# k|ltzt k|hgg b/ /x]sf] lyof] . bDktL ;fy gx'g, ljjfxsf] pd]/ a9\g,' ue{lg/f]ws ;fwgsf] k|of]u / ue{ktgn] ubf{ k|hgg b/ 36]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ue{lg/f]ws ;fwgsf] kx'r “ / k|of]udf sdL cfPdf clglZrt ue{ a9\g] tyf c;'/lIft ue{ktg u/fpg]sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 eO{ dlxnfsf] :jf:Yodf hf]lvd a9\g] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . o:t} cfw'lgs ue{lg/f]ws ;fwgsf] b/ klg a9fpg cfjZos /x]sf] pxf“sf] egfO 5 . pxf“sf cg';f/ g]kfndf clxn] ue{lg/f]ws ;fwg k|of]u ug]s { f] ;+Vof $# k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)#) ;Dd ^) k|ltzt k'¥ofpg] ;/sf/sf] nIo

/x]sf] 5 . o:t} tLg jif{sf] hGdfGt/df aRrf hGdfp“bf lzz' / cfdfsf] :jf:Yo klg /fd|f] x'g] atfOPsf] 5 . tLg jif{sf] cGt/fndf aRrf hGdfp“bf #) k|ltzt dft[ / !) k|ltzt lzz' d[To'b/ sd x'g] jl/i7 sDo'lg6L gl;{ª k|zf;s cof{nn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . :yfoL aGWofs/0f ug]{ 36] ljut Ps bzsotf :yfoL aGWofs/0f ;]jfsf] k|ltzt 36]sf] / nfdf] cjlwsf] c:yfoL ue{lg/f]wssf ;fwgsf] k|of]u a9]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;g\ @))^ df k'?ifdf ^=$ k|ltzt aGWofs/0f u/]sfdf ;g\ @)!^ df Tof] ;+Vof 36]/ %=% k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . o:t} ;g\ @)!^ df dlxnf aGWofs/0f !* k|ltzt /x]sfdf Tof] ;+Vof 36]/ !$=& k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] kl/jf/ lgof]hg sfo{qmddf ah]6 36fPsfn] a9fpg'kg]{ atfpg'xG' 5 . ljutdf kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;]jfnfO{ ;Gtfgsf] /x/ k'u]kl5 yk aRrf af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

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3f]/fxL, !) c;f/ . tf/hfnLn] 6dSs 3]l/Psf] af/Lel/ 8«fug k|m6' sf af]6 5g\ . clxn] km'Ng] / kmNg] l;hg rln/x]sf] 5 .

ToxL 8«fug k|m6' sf] /vb] ] vdf a9L Jo:t x'gx' G' 5 3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf–!$ sf b'uf{ axfb'/ a'9f . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] cfphfpd} w]/} ;do ljtfpg'ePsf %$ jifL{o a'9f !* jif{ ;fpbLdf a:g'eof] . t/ lxhf] cfh pxf“ cfkm\g} ufp“7fp“d} ljb]zL kmnsf] v]tL ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . j}b]lzs ofqf Tofu]/ a'9f clxn] 8«fug k|m6' sf] v]tLdf /dfp“b} x'gx' G' 5 . 3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf–!* cva/]df pxf“n] lat]sf] tLg jif{b]lv v]tL ub}{ cfPsf] atfpg'ePsf] xf] . k"jL{ ?s'dsf] ts;]/faf6 ^@ ;fndf bfª emg'e { Psf a'9fsf] clxn] 5 hgfsf] kl/jf/ 5 . kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf ;'wfg{ )%# CMYK

;fndf j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu ;fpbL uP/ km\ofS6«Ldf sfd ug'e { Psf a'9fn] oxL+ s]xL u/f}+ eGg] nfUof] . …d )&! ;fndf g]kfn kmls{;s]kl5 3/df s]xL jif{ vfnL

a;]+ . To;kl5 dgn] dfg]g . s]xL ug]{ ;f]r]+ / 8«fug k|m6' sf] v]tL ug]l{ t/ nfu]Ú+ – a'9fn] eGg'eof] . z'?df k"jd{ GqL nf]s]Gb| af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

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ljlgof]lht ah]6 @ ca{ #@ s/f]8 () nfv (! xhf/ ! ca{ *^ s/f]8 $& nfv &( xhf/ ! ca{ #( s/f]8 *! nfv !* xhf/ ^# s/f]8 %% nfv @) xhf/ ^# s/f]8 $% nfv !) xhf/ %# s/f]8 @) nfv &! xhf/ %) s/f]8 (& nfv $* xhf/ %) s/f]8 ^% nfv @) xhf/ $^ s/f]8 ($ nfv #( xhf/

b'uf{sf] 8«fug k|m'6 q

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bfªdf dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwL &* 36gf

k"jf{wf/, lzIff, s[lif / :jf:Yo k|fyldstfdf 3f]/fxL, !) c;f/ . bfªsf gf}j6f :yfgLo txn] cfly{s jif{ )&(÷*) sf nflu ah]6 NofPsf 5g\ . gu/ tyf ufp“;efdf z'qmaf/ :yfgLo txn] ah]6sf] cg'dflgt l;lnª k]z u/]sf x'g\ . bfªdf ;a}eGbf w]/} 3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] b'O{ ca{ #@ s/f]8 () nfv (! xhf/sf] cg'dflgt jh]6 gu/;efdf k]z u/]sf] 5 . gu/ pkk|dv ' x'df l8;Ln] rfn'tkm{ Ps ca{ @% s/f]8 $) nfv *! xhf/ / k"h “ Luttkm{ Ps ca{ ;ft s/f]8 $( nfv !) xhf/sf] ah]6 gu/;efdf k]z ug'e { Psf] xf] . ah]6 vr{ a]xf]g]{ ;|f]tdWo] cfGtl/s cfoaf6 #@ s/f]8, ;+3Lo ljQLo ;dflgs/0f cg'bfgaf6 #% s/f]8 (% nfv, ;+3Lo /fh:j af“8kmf“8af6 @% s/f]8 &^ nfv %* xhf/, ;+3Lo /f]oN6L af“8kmf“8af6 ;ft nfv, ;+3Lo ;zt{ cg'bfgaf6 &! s/f]8 b'O{ nfv h'6fpg] pkdxfgu/n] hgfPsf] 5 . To:t} ;+3Lo ;dk"/s

F kfgLsf d'xfg tyf vf]nfnfO{ ;kmf / ;'/lIft /fvf}+ .

F vfg]kfgLsf] d'xfg tyf ;|f]tdf ufO{j:t', r/fr'?+uL tyf cGo hLjhGt' l5g{ g;Sg] u/L tf/jf/ u/f}+ .

F OG6]s -d"n_, k|zf]wg ;+oGq tyf kfgL e08f/0f ug]{ 6\of+sL lgoldt ?kdf ;kmf u/f}+ .

3/ jf ;fj{hlgs :ynsf kfgL 6\of+sL, wf/fsf] 6'6L tyf F kfgL hDdf ul/Psf ef“8f] lgoldt ;kmf u/f}+ .

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;kmf / :jR5 kfgL lkcf}+, d'xfgsf] ;+/If0f u/f}+ .

3f]/fxL, !) c;f/ . bfªdf lat]sf] ^ dlxgfsf] cjlwdf dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwL &* j6f 36gf ePsf 5g\ . @)@@ hgj/Lb]lv h'g;Dd &* 36\gfaf6 *! hgf kLl8t ag]sf x'g\ . g]kfn dfgjclwsf/ jif{ k':ts @)@# sf nflu lhNnfdf cgf}krfl/s If]q ;]jf s]Gb| -OG;]s_ n] clen]v u/]sf] tYof+sn] o:tf] b]vfPsf] xf] . OG;]sn] u/]sf] clen]v cg';f/ u}//fHo kIfaf6 &) j6f, /fHo kIfaf6 ^ j6f / c1ft kIfaf6 @ j6f 36gf ePsf 5g\ .

36gfdf ^$ dlxnf / !& k'?if u/L *! hgf kLl8t ePsf] cgf}krfl/s If]q ;]jf s]Gb| OG;]ssf lhNnf k|ltlglw h]=Pg=;fu/n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . jif{ k':ts k|sfzgk"j{ cw{jflif{s ;dLIff sfo{qmddf o:tf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] xf] . OG;]ssf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ kLl8t x'g]df rf/ jifL{of aflnsfb]lv ^@ jifL{of a[4f;Dd 5g\ . pgLx?dWo] #! hgf aflnsfx? /x]sf] OG;]sn] hgfPsf] 5 .

36gfx?df ;a}eGbf w]/} 3/]n' lx+;fsf #@ j6f 5g\ . To;}u/L anfTsf/sf !(, xTofsf kf“r, anfTsf/ k|of;sf tLg, b'Jo{jxf/sf tLg, aGb÷x8tfnsf kf“r, u}/sfg'gL lx/f;t tLg, a]jfl/;] adsf b'O,{ of}g

b'Jo{jxf/, hftLo lje]b, dfgj a]rljvg, cfTdxTof b'?T;fg, xTof k|of; / ckx/0fsf Ps÷Psj6f 36gf /x]sf] OG;]sn] hgfPsf] 5 .

OG;]sn] j]df};dL jiff{n] wfg gi6 x'b“ f clxn];Dd ls;fgn] plrt Ifltk"lt{ kfpg g;s]sf], #$ s/f]8 vr{ u/]/ sfnf]kq] u/]sf] 3f]/fxL tfkf ;8s w'nf], lxnf]df kl/0ft ePsf], 3f]/fxL– t'n;Lk'/ kmf]/n]g ;8ssf] cj:yfn] ;j{;fwf/0fn] Hofg u'dfpg]b]lv w'nf] lxnf]n] gful/s :jf:Yodf 7"nf] c;/ k/]sf], sf]le8sf sf/0f lgwg ePsf JolQmsf kl/jf/nfO{ lbOg] elgPsf] /fxt clxn];Dd glbOPsf], kf7\ok':ts ljBfyL{n] kfpg g;s]sf], ls;fgn] dnvfb kfpg g;s]sf] h:tf cj:yfn] dfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yf ;Gtf]ifhgs g/x]sf] atfPsf] 5 . ;dLIff sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] dfgjclwsf/ k|j4{gdf OG;]sn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] atfPsf lyP . pgLx?n] dfgjclwsf/ jif{ k':ts g]kfnsf]

dfgjclwsf/sf] P]gf eGb} ;TotYo ;"rgfnfO{ dfq} clen]v ug{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP . ljleGg lx+;fhGo 36gfsf kLl8tnfO{ Gofo / bf]ifLnfO{ sf/jfxLsf nflu ;a} gful/sn] e"ldsf v]Ng'kg]{ eGb} pgLx?n] dfgjclwsf/k|lt ;a} lhDd]jf/ x'gk' g]d{ f hf]8 lbP . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} sfo{qmdsf k|dv ' cltly Pj+ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;+of]hs lgTofgGb zdf{n] dfgj clwsf/sf] k|j4{gsf nflu ;dGjosf/L e"ldsf v]Ng cfkm"x? tof/ /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . dfgjclwsf/ ;~hfn bfªsf ;b:o rGb|/fh kGtsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf gful/s ;dfh bfªsf ;+of]hs s]jL d;fn, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no bfªsf l8P;kL d'sG' b l/hfn, lhNnf af/ OsfO{ bfªsf cWoIf lzjs'df/ l3ld/], g]kfnL sf+u]; | 3f]/fxL gu/ ;efklt ltns /fjtnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng OG;]s lhNnf k|ltlglw h]Pg ;fu/n] ug'e { Psf] lyof] .

k'n lgdf{0fdf l9nfO x'Fbf hgtfnfO{ ;f:tL o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf /f“emf, !) c;f/ . af“s]sf] k;/k'/–uf}3f6 ;8sdf kg]{ ls/0fvf]nfsf] k'n lgdf{0fdf l9nfO x'b“ f of] jif{ klg :yfgLon] ;f:tL a]xf]g'k{ g]{ ePsf] 5 . b'O{ jif{cl3 n'lDagL k|b]z ;/sf/sf] kf“r s/f]8 *% nfv &@ xhf/ %## ah]6df @)&( c;f/ @% ut];Dd lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ u/L uNjf– l;4fy{ bz{g h]eLn] @)&& kmfu'g !( ut] ;Demf}tf u/]sf] lyof] . ;Demf}tf cjlw ;lsg s]xL lbg af“sL /x“bf;Dd pQm k'nsf] k"/} lkn/;d]t lgdf{0f ePsf] 5}g . jiff{ts \ f] ;dodf k'n gx'b“ f ;j{;fwf/0fn] 7"nf] ;f:tL a]xf]g'k{ /]sf] vh'/f ufp“kflnsf–@ lgjf;L :yfgLo cu'jf u]x]Gb| lwtfnn] atfpg'eof] . ls/0f vf]nfdf k'n gePsf

3/ 38]/L laqmLdf 3f] / fxL–!% l8=s] = k] 6«f] n kDkb] lv afndlGb/ hfg] af6f] df leqkl§ ^ ld6/ lkraf6f] ePsf] gj laxfgL 6f] ndf / x] sf] cfsif{s 3/ 38] / L laqmLdf====== @) xftdf ag]sf] 3/ / @) xft vfnL 38] / L lk5jf8 %) xft ePsf] If] qkmn nueu ! s7\7f * w'/ 3/ / 38]/ L 5'§f5'§} klg laqmL ug{ ;lsg] . kfls{ªsf] ;'ljwf ePsf] 3/ 38] / L laqmLdf .

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sf/0f ;b/d'sfd g]kfnu~h cfpg hfgsL ufp“kflnsfsf] a]nef/ x'b“ } j}slNks nfdf] af6f] k|of]u ug'k{ /]sf] pxf“n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . lgdf{0f ug]{ ;dofjlw ;lsg} nfUbf;d]t lgdf{0f sDkgLn] k'n lgdf{0fsf] sfd cufl8 a9fPsf] 5}g . lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug]{ ;dofjlw ;lsg} nfUbf;d]t lgdf{0f sfo{ yfngL gug'{ lgdf{0f sDkgLsf] nfk/jfxL ePsf] lwtfnsf] egfO 5 . k'n lgdf{0f gx'b“ f of] jiff{td\ f klg cfjfudgdf sl7gfO x'g] ePsf] vh'/f ufp“kflnsfsf k|jQmf Pj+ j8f g+ @ sf cWoIf wgL/fd cf]nLn] atfpg'eof] . lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ b|t' ultdf cufl8 a9fpg lgdf{0f Joj;foL sDkgLnfO{ k6s–k6s cfu|x u/] klg sfo{ k|ult gb]lvPsf] cf]nLn] pNn]v ug'e { of] . pxf“sf cg';f/, s]xL

dlxgfcl3;Dd ;dod} sfd ;DkGg ug]{ atfp“b} cfP klg kl5Nnf] k6s lgdf{0f sDkgLsf k|ltlglw ;Dks{ljxLg /x]sf 5g\ . lgdf{0f:yndf vl6Psf dhb'/n];d]t kfl/>lds kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cfjfudgsf] j}slNks Joj:yf g/x]sfn] k'n lgdf{0f gx'b“ f;Dd jiff{t\ df vh'/fsf] ;Ltfk'/ / /fwfk'/ If]qsf ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;f:tL a]xf]g'{ k/]sf] 5 . xfn ls/0f vf]nfdf ;j{;fwf/0fn] sfdrnfp sf7sf] k'n agfP/ hf]lvdk"0f{ cfjfudg ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . k'n lgdf{0f gx'b“ f jiff{td\ f ;jf/L;fwg cfjfudg 7Kk x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;b/d'sfd g]kfnu~h cfpg ;j{;fwf/0fn] agfPsf] sf7sf] sfd rnfp k'n vf]nfdf cfpg] af9Ln] a]nf–a]nfdf aufp“bf cfjthfjt k"0f{?kdf 7Kk x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

dgf]/f]u tyf gzf /f]u ljz]if1 8f= lagf]b kf}8n ] ca cleif]s d]l8sn :6f];,{ 3f]/fxLdf e/tk'/ d]l8sn sn]hdf sfo{/t clt cg'ejL jl/i7 dfgl;s tyf gzf /f]u ljz]if1 8f= lagf]b kf}8]nåf/f r]shfFr ul/g] x'Fbf ;dod} cfkm\gf] gfd btf{ u/fO{ k'/fgf] eGbf k'/fgf] /f]usf] ;kmn pkrf/ u/fpg'xf];\ .

8fS6/åf/f lbOg] ;]jfx? M !_ lgb|f gnfUg], cw{skfnL, dfOu|]g, 6fpsf] / z/L/ b'Vg], kf]Ng], lzNsf xfGg] / emdemdfpg] @_ dg cflQg], pbf; x'g], 56k6L nfUg], ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] x'g], d'6' w8lsg], l/+uf6f nfUg], 3fF6Ldf s]xL c8\s]sf] nfUg], hf]z–hfFu/ gnfUg] / ysfO nfUg] #_ hfF8, /S;L, ;'tL{, ufFhf, r'/f]6 nfu' cf}ifw 5'6fpg] $_ ;]S; k|lt c?lr %_ sfDg], a]xf]z x'g], 8/fpg], sdhf]/L nfUg], z+sf ug]{, aa{/fpg], l/;fpg], emf]+lSsg], kfunkg / Psf]xf]/f]kg ^_ 5f/], lduL{, l8k|]zg, P+uhfo6L / cNhfOd/ &_ tgfj, lrGtf, rfF8} la;{g] afgL / ;a} vfn] lbdfu / gzf ;DaGwL /f]usf] ;kmn pkrf/ . la/fdL hf“r x'g] ldlt M @)&( c;f/ @% ut], zlgjf/, laxfg !) ah] b]lv a]n'sf % ah];Dd ;fy} oxL @)&( ;fpg & ut], zlgjf/ jl/i7 5fnf, of}g tyf :sLg n]h/ ;h{g ljz]if1 8f= ;lGbk yfkfaf6 d';f, sf]7L / 6\of6" x6fpg] / ;Dk"0f{ 5fnf tyf of}g /f]u;DaGwL hfFr ul/g]5 . k'gZr M ;'u/, k|];/, yfO/fO8, 5ftL, d'6', k]6 / gzf /f]u ljz]if1 8f= k|sfz ;'j]bL / 8f= ;+ud l8=;L= åf/f b}lgs hfFr ul/G5 . ;dod} ;Dks{ u/L cfkm\gf] k'/fgf]eGbf klg k'/fgf] /f]usf] ;kmn pkrf/ u/fpg'xf];\ .

kmf]gaf6 klg gfd btf{ ul/G5 .

cleif]s d]l8sn :6f];{

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Saturday, 25 June, 2022

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ci6fª\u dfu{sf] gfddf ;"qa4 u/ ] sf 5g\ . em'7f] gaf] n . rf] / L -csf{sf] >dsf] zf] if0f gu/ _ . lx+;f gu/ -csf{nfO{ b'Mv gb] pm_ . c;n sd{ u/ . rf] vf] sdfOdf afFr . ;xL af6f] df nfu . ;xL b[li6 / fv . xd] ;f ;fjwfg / x" . dgsf] Psfu|tf gla;{ . ljkZogf Wofg dxfdfgj uf} td a'4åf/ f k|ltkflbt rf/ cfo{ ;To / ci6fª\u dfu{sf] k|f} lS6sn -k|of] ufTds_ lzIff xf] . ;+If] kdf o;nfO{ zLn ;dflw -lrQsf] Psfu|tf_ / k|1f klg elgG5 . cem 5f] 6s/ Ldf a'4s} zAbdf zflGt, ;'v, ;d[l4 JolQmut ljifo dfq x} g . a'4sf] egfO 5– sltko ;Gt a'‰g'kbf{– ;j{ kfk: o cs/ 0fd\ 1fgL dxfTdfx¿ cfk\mg} s} jNo d'lQmsf] nflu s7f] / tk u5{g\ . t/ JolQm d'Qm s'zn: o pk;+kbf eP/ k'Ub} g, ;d: t dfgj hflt / k|s[ltsf] cl: tTj / Iff / ;a} sf] nflu d'lQmsf] cgl/ of] bkgd\ åf/ v'Ng'k5{ . o;sf] nflu ;Tosf] af] w x'g'k5{ .

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dxfsfJodf ylkPsf] gofF Oltxf; M bª\lu pj{zL ;flxTo n]vgdf dxfsfJo cAan bhf{sf] ljwf dflgG5 . dxfsfJosf] cWoog ug'{ / cWoog kZrft\ dxfsfJo n]V5' eGg' Pp6f s'/f xf] t/ dfkb08 ;dft]/ dxfsfJo n]vL kf7s ;dIf k|j]z u/fpg' rflx+ cln km/s s'/f xf] . dxfsfJo n]vgsf nflu cbDo cfF6, wL/tf / cy{k"0f{ nufj rflxG5 . nfdf] lrGtg, cys ;fwgf / ;"Id ;flxlTos cg';Gwfg klg dxfsfJo /rgfsf alnof] cfwf/ dflgG5g\ . plNnlvt ;a} kIfnfO{ hf]8tf]8sf ;fy cfTd;ft ub}{ Pp6f ldysLo dxfsfJosf] pkxf/ tof/ ul/Psf] 5 ;flxTosf/ 8f= uf]ljGb cfrfo{af6 . nueu rf}lj; jif{;Dd dl:tis dGyg u/L tof/ ul/Psf] o; sfJonfO{ blË pj{zL gfdfÍg ul/Psf] 5 . Psflt/ of] s[lt g]kfnsf] k|yd ldysLo dxfsfJosf] ;flxTo ahf/df ;"rLs[t ePsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ nfIfl0fstfsf cfwf/df bfªsf] e"uf]n / oxfFsf] Oltxf;nfO{ kl5Nnf] k':tf;dIf ljlzli6s[t klg u/fPsf] 5 .

To;f] t dxfsfJosf] e"ldsfd} 8f= dfwj kf]Vf|]nn] g]kfnsf kfFr dxfsfJosf] pTs[i6tfdf /fVg'n] klg o;sf] u'0ffTds dxQf dfly pl7;s]sf] cg"e"t x'G5 . dxfsfJo n]vgsf] ;]/f]km]/f] / k[i7e"ldnfO{ cfFsng ubf{ of] s[lt /fi6«slj dfwj l3ld/]sf] dL7f] cfzLjf{b klg xf] eGg] cfwf/ :jo+ dxfsfJosf/n] k|:t't u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cfkm\gf] sNkgf / k|ltefnfO{ xb};Dd s'Fb]/ a'6\6]bf/ agfpg' / kf7s ;dIf ;xhtf / cfsif{0f Nofpg' sfJosf/ cfrfo{sf] cb\e"t / ljnIf0f Ifdtf xf] eGg] tYo o; s[ltn] af]n]sf] 5 . ;flxTosf/sf cnfjf nf]suLt cg';Gwftf, ;+uLtsf/ / nf]suLtd} ljBfjfl/lw ug]{ klxnf] JolQmsf ?kdf cfkm\gf] :yfoL kl/ro agfO;s]sf cfrfo{sf] l;h{gfTds ofqf @)#* af6 k|f/De ePsf] b]lvG5 . cfkm\gf] d[bn ' :j/nfO{ sljtfsf] If]qdf ;'lDkPsf sf/0f pxfFsf] snfTds of]ubfgnfO{ gh/cGbfh ug}{kb}{g . cfrfo{sf] efg'eStLo /fdfo0fsf] >Jo Sof;]6sf] ;'dw'/ :j/n] >f]tfju{df NofPsf] d'Uwtfsf] t/Ë cem} klg ;]nfPsf] 5}g . sljtf, uLt, uhn v08sfJo x'Fb} ;flxlTos v'6\lsnf plSnPsf sf/0f ;|i6fnfO{ dxfsfJo /rgfsf] cfwf/ tof/ ug{ vf;} ckm\7\of/f] geP klg dxfsfJosf] cfsf/ lbg rflxF lg/Gt/ ;fwgf/t /xg'k¥of] eGg] cfzo :jo+ n]vsLo cleJolStdf kfpg ;lsG5 . /fhf blË / :ju{sL cK;/f pjzL{sf] k|0fo ufyf ;d]l6Psf] k|:t't dxfsfJosf] ljifoj:t' cfBf]kfGt sf}t'xntfn] 6Dd el/Psf] 5 . sfJodf 8]9 bh{g a9L jfl0f{s 5Gbsf] k|of]u x'g' sljsf] csf]{ ljlzi6 kIf xf] eg] txut ;+:s[t lzIffsf] cWooglagf /ª\u–t/]nL k|:t'lt M

clwsflws tT;d zAbx?nfO{ dxfsfJosf] nIf0f cg's"n cndn / q'l6eGbf 6f9f /x]/ k|of]udf Nofpg' pxfFsf] ;flxlTos ;fjwfgL klg xf] . !! j6f ;u{df afFlwPsf] k|:t't dxfsfJon] dfG5]sf] k|]d;Fu} ef}uf]lns cfTdLotfnfO{ klg afFWg ;kmn ePsf] b]lvG5 . dxfsfJosf] dfGotf cg';f/ klxnf] ;u{df dËnfr/0f ;d]l6Pkl5 bf];|f] ;u{af6 o;sf] syfj:t' k|f/De x'G5 . oofj/ Clifn] aDxf08 ljr/0f ubf{sf kljq tk:ynLsf] j0f{g >[+vnfj4?kdf cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] l;l4 k|flKtsf nflu Clifn] ef/t jif{nfO{ e":ju{sf ?kdf /f]h]kl5 syfgs 6Ss cl8G5 . t];|f] ;u{df cfOk'Ubf sfzLsf ;f+:s[lts b[Zosf] e|d0f;lxt sf}lzsL, u08sL / P]/fjtLsf] e|d0fnfO{ sljn] lgs} snfTds9Ën] glhs agfPsf] / Clifn] P]/fjt :ynnfO{ tk:of:ynsf ?kdf /f]h]sf] b]vfpg' klg sljsf] Ef"uf]nk|ltsf] k|]d / ljj]sk"0f{ syfgs /rgflzNkleq kb{5 .

Clifsf] l;l4k|flKt kZrft\ OGb|;efdf b'jf{;fsf] hGd k|;Ëaf/] ul/Psf] rrf{n] syf /f]rs tl/sfaf6} df]l8Psf] dx;'; x'G5 . OGb|;efsf] ckl/d]o j0f{g / ToxL+af6 g} dxfsfJosL gflosf pj{zLsf] pbo ePsf] k|;Ën] x/]s kf7snfO{ /f]dfl~rt agfpF5 . b'jf{;faf6 pjzL{n] kfPsf] lbpF;f] 3f]8L / /fltdf ;'Gb/ o'jtL x'g] >fk g} o; sfJosf] s]lGb|o syfgs ag]sf] 5 eg] pj{zL >fkd'Qm x'gsf nflu 7"nf] o'4 x'gk' g]{ sfJofTds zt{n] dxfsfJonfO{ yk km/flsnf] / /x:odo agfPsf] 5 . >fkkZrft\ pjzL{n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] c/0ojf; s?0ffdo 5 / l7s o;}a]nf sljn] lgs} rnfvLk"j{s k|s[ltsf] ;Dk"0f{ kIfsf] j0f{g u/]/ dxfsfJodf x'gk' g]{ u'0fx? k|:t't u/]sf] b]lvG5 . 5}7f}+ ;u{sf] dWolt/ k'Ubf hËnd} /fhf blË / 3f]8LaLrsf] ;fIffTsf/ k|:t't u/]sf] / lbJo 3f]8LnfO{ klqmPkl5 /ftdf lbJo ;'Gb/Lsf ?kdf pkl:yt x'Fbf /fhfn] cfZro{rlst eO{ pgsf] kl/ro dfUg' :jfefljs

lyof] / pgsf] ;f}Gbo{sf] df]xdf km;]kl5 ljjfxsf] k|:tfj /fVg'n] syfgs cem} nlDaG5 of ;dfKt x'G5 eGg] cft'/tf kf7sdf k}bf x'G5 . t/ nuQ} 5}7f}+ ;u{sf] cGTolt/ Pp6f dL7f] k|;+u /fhf b+lusf] lajfxlt/ df]l8G5 / h+und} k|]d lajfx ;DkGg x'G5 . sfJosf] ;ftf}+ ;u{df /fhfsf] b+lu b]zlt/sf] k|:yfg / To;} avtdf b]lvPsf] k|fs[lts b[Zox?sf] cg'kd ;f}Gbo{sf] j0f{gn] s[ltsf] ul/df / zf]ef cem dflyNnf] :t/df k'¥ofPsf] b]lvG5 . nfdf] ;dokl5 cfkm\gf /fhfnfO{ b/af/df kfpFbf hgtf v'zL x'g' / /fhfsf] cg'kl:yltdf k|0foaf6 ljlIfKt ePsL /fgLn] k'/fg} cj:yfdf kltnfO{ kfpg' dxfsfJosf] ;'vb\ ;+of]u dflgPsf] 5.

To;}a]nf syfgsleq csf]{ cfZro{sf] pbo x'G5 h;n] ubf{ dxfsfJosf] p2]Zo g} t/+lut x'G5 . /fhfn] 3f]8LnfO{ 5'6\6} cZjzfnf agfpg' / ljz]if Joj:yf;lxt 3f]8Lsf] ;+/If0f ug'{n] /fgL kb\dfjtLsf] dgdf z+sf plAhG5 / cGttM ;]jssf] ;xof]un] /fhf / pjzL{aLrsf] k|0fo nLnfsf] /x:o v'N5 . cfkm\gf] pjzL{;Fusf] k|]ddf afwf pTkGg x'g] b]v]kl5 /fhf blËn] k'gM b/af/ 5f]8L jgljxf/ ug]{ lg0f{o ubf{sf] syfgs k'gM sf}t'xntfn] el/G5 . /fhfn] P]/fjtL / ;/o'nfO{ ljxf/ s]Gb| agfPkl5 bË b]zsf] cj:yf x/]s lx;fan] sdhf]/ aGb} hfG5 . cf7f}+ ;u{n] /fhfnfO{ :jKgn] em:sfPkl5 k'gM b/af/ lkmtf{ u/fPsf] ljifo ;d]l6Psf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ lbJo 3f]8L cyf{t\ pjzL{kl| t lji0f', s[i0f h:tf b]jtfx? klg cfslif{t ePsf] ;dfrf/n] /fhf blËnfO{ lrlGtt / cfqmfds klg agfpF5 . ljleGg dfWodaf6 3f]8L lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ s'/f /fhfnfO{ :jLsfo{ x'Fb}g . lzj, o'lwli7/, b'of]{wg nufot;Fu ofrgf ubf{ klg Gofo gkfPkl5 /fhfn] s[i0fsf] ;xof]u lng afWo x'G5g\ t/ s[i0faf6 klg ;xof]u gkfPkl5 pgL hf] s;};Fu klg o'4 ;fdgf ug{ tof/ x'Fb} 3f]8L;Fusf] k|]d hLjGt /fVg] c8fgdf /xG5g\ .

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Pp6f lyof] – klZrdL d'n'sdf bof, k|] d, s?0ff, ;xof] u, ;b\efj, dfgjLo d"Nosf] dxTj a'em] sf slt k|ltzt dfG5] xf] nfg\ < s] xL l5g 3f] l/ P/ eGg'eof] – To: tf c;n &) k|ltzt xf] nfg\ . o: tf] ;sf/ fTds hjfkm kfpFbf dgdf v'lzofnL t 5fof] t/ csf] { k"/ s k|Zg ;f] w] F– To;f] eP lsg s] xL lbg cl3 Pp6f dflg;n] : s'ndf k;] / @& hgf lgbf] {if afnaflnsfnfO{ aGb'sn] e'6] / l;Wofof] < pxfFsf] hjfkm lyof] – oxfFsf] #) k|ltzt dfG5] sf] qm"/ k|j[lQsf sf/ 0f g} o: tf cfk/ flws lqmofsnfk slxn] sfxLF x'g] u5{g\ . cd] l/ sfsf] Oltxf; klg sd / Qm/ l~ht 5} g . cfheGbf ;o jif{ cl3 n] lvPsf] dfgj : jefj Human Nature eGg] k': tsdf k9] sf] s'/ f ;Dem] F– cd] l/ sfdf plxn] @& hgf dlxnfx¿nfO{ af] lS;gL 7x¥ofP/ ToxfFsf] cbfntn] d[To'b08 lbPsf] 36gf ;Dem] F . s'/ f] sf] nx/ f] n] kx/ f] ;dfPh: t} eof] . ;Dem] F– xfd|} cfFvf cufl8 k|yd ljZjo'4 / låtLo ljZjo'4 o'/ f] kaf6} ;fd|fHo lnK;fs} sf/ 0fn] eof] . To: t} o'qm] g / ?;sf] o'4sf] 8/nfUbf] cfuf] Tot} ;lNsb}5, lsg xf]nf h'jfO{F ;fx]a < Pp6f zfnLg, eb| JolQmsf] hjfkm klg To:t} zfnLg / eb|

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kl/ jf/ n] ;f] zfGt / fHo rnfPsf] lyof] . g] kfn PsLs/ 0f cleofgdf k[YjLgf/ fo0f zfx;Fu ;Nofgsf / fhf s[i0f zfxsf] ldqtf lyof] . To;} n] ;NofgL o'j/ fh / 0feLd zfx;Fu k[YjLgf/ fo0f zfxn] cfˆgL 5f] / L ljnf;s'df/ LnfO{ ljjfx ul/ lbP . ljjfxkl5 l5NnL lahf} / L b] lv klZrd bfª If] qsf] hldg 5f] / LnfO{ s'zljtf{ lbP . lj=;+=!*^( ef› # ut] ;Nofg klg g] kfndf PsLs/ 0f ePsf] lyof] . lj=;+= !*($ df ;NofgL / fhfsf j+zh t] haxfb'/ zfxnfO{ / fhfsf] kb / klZrd bfª kmfnfjfªsf] / fHo k|bfg ul/ of] . To; kl5 klZrd bfª / kmfnfjfª If] qsf] zf;g kmfnfjfªaf6 ;'?x'g yfNof] . kmfnfjfªL / fhfsf] k|zf;lgs If] q lj;fn lyof] . kmfnfjfªsf / fhfx? / Tggfysf eQm lyP . l;4 / TggfynfO{ pgLx?n] s'n b] jtfsf] ?kdf k"hf ub{y] . To;} n] kmfnfjfª b/ af/ df klg / Tggfysf] dlGb/ agfPsf lyP . kmfnfafª] / fhfx?n] cfˆgf] k|zf;g rnfpg ;lhnf] xf] ;\ eGgsf] nflu kmfnfafªdf k'/ fgf] b/ jf/ , k'tnL b/ jf/ , dfem b/ jf/ / gofF b/ jf/ ;d] tu/ L kfFrj6f b/ jf/ lgdf{0f u/ ] sf lyP .

P] ltxfl;s kmfnfjfªsf] k'/ fgf] b/ jf/ lj=;+= !(&^÷&& df lgdf{0f ul/ Psf] lyof] . @)%@ ;fn;Dd b'O{j6f b/ af/ x? P] ltxfl;s w/ f] x/ sf ?kdf / x] sf lyP . b/ jf/ ;fu hf] l8Psf cGo ;Dkbfx? klg kmfnfafªdf lyP . k'/ fgf] b/ af/ sf] jf: t'snf k"j{ dWosfnLg g] kfn pkTosfsf] b/ af/ sf] jf: t'snf ;dfg lyof] ] . o;sf] lgdf{0f ;qf} + ztfAbLsf] cf/ Dedf ePsf] lyof] ] . of] b/ af/ sf] lgdf{0f afO;] l;+xj+zsf zf;s lyP . b/ af/ df leFmu6L / O{+6sf] k|of] u ePsf] lyof] ] . clxn] tL ;+/ rgf s] xL 5} g . o; cfn] vdf k|of] u ePsf kmf] 6fx? klg kmfon kmf] 6fx? x'g . clxn] kmfnfafª b/ af/ kl/ ;/ df / tggfysf] dlGb/ , tflGqs lalwn] agfPsf] y'Dsf] / df} nf] sf] cjz] if dfq afFsL 5g\ . pkGygfy rfpy] l;4, rf} / ªLgfysf ;dflw / e} / jsf yfgx? klg 5} gg\ . kmfnfjfªsf] k'tnLb/ af/ nIdLgf/ fo0f zfxsf h] 7f 5f] / f zdz] / axfb'/ zfxn] cfheGbf !)# aif{ klxn] agfPsf lyP . b/ af/ df %% j6f sf] 7f lyP eg] ! ;o * j6f ‰ofn 9f] sf lyP . b/ af/ lgdf{0fdf O{+§f dfq} k|of] u ul/ Psf] lyof] . b/ af/ 5fpgsf] nflu h: tfkftf a] nfotaf6 NofOPsf] lyof] . b/ af/ df u2L a} 7s, srx/ L a} 7s, k"hf sf] 7f, df] 7 sf] 7f ;d] t lgdf{0f ul/ Psf lyP . b/ af/ kl/ ;/ df sflnsf / lzjfno klg dlGb/ klg lgdf{0f ul/ Psf] lyof] . kmfnfafª] / fhfx? xfQLdf ofqf ub{y] . xfQLsf] nflu t'n;Lk'/ kft'vf] nf, l;/ s'nf x'Fb} n'xfdvf] nfsf] l/ uf6] eP/ kmfnfjfª k'Ug] xfQL / 3f] 8f lx8g] af6f] lyof] . oL ;a} s'/ f gofF k': tfnfO{ Oltxf; ag] sf] 5 . kmfnfafªsf / fhf / fHo ;Grfngsf] qmddf ^–^ dlxgf bfª / kmfnfjfª ub{y] . clxn] kmfnfafªsf] b/ jf/ If] qsf] sl/ j @( / f] kgL hldg uf] lkGb|axfb'/ zfxsf] gfddf / x] sf] 5 . elTsPsf] b/ jf/ / k'/ fgf d7 dlGb/ k'g lgdf{0f ug{ ;/ sf/ n] lghL hldg ePsf] n] rf;f] lbPsf] kfOGg . kmfnfjfª] / fhfsf ;Gtlt cyf{t hldgsf] : jfldTj h;sf] gfddf 5 pgLx?n] klg b/ af/ k'gMlgdf{0f ug] {tkm{ rf;f] sf] ljifo agfPsf 5} gg\ . kmfnfafª] / fhfn] cfheGbf *# aif{ klxn] t'n;Lk'/ df kfFr ljufx ^ sÝf !@ w'/ hldgdf #% sf] 7fsf] b'O{tn] b/ jf/ klg agfPsf lyP . kl5 / fHo / hf} 6f pGd"ng ePkl5 @)@! ;fndf t'n;Lk'/ sf] b/ af/ ! nfv ^% xhf/ df / fhf u] x] Gb| axfb'/ zfxn] ;/ sf/ nfO{ laqmL u/ ] sf x'g\ . h'g 7fpFdf clxn] k|b] z c: ktfn / x] sf] 5 . u|fdL0f ko{6gsf nflu P] ltxfl;s Pj+ k|fs[lts ;Dkbf dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 . cfhef] ln kmfnfafª k'Ug] x? tL P] ltxfl;s b/ af/ sf] af/ ] df vf] hL lgtL ub{5g\ . t/ pgLx?n] b/ af/ sf] eUgfj] z afx] s cGo s] xL b] Vg kfpFb} gg\ . kmfnfjfªsf tL P] ltxfl;s b/ jf/ tx; gx; gu/ ] sf] eP clxn] slt u|fdL0f ko{6sx? kmfnfjfª k'Uy] xf] nf < To;af6 slt cfo cfh{gsf] ;|f] t x'g] lyof] xf] nf < P] ltxfl;s ;Dkbf ljgfz eof] eg] ko{6gsf] ljsf; x'g ;Sb} g . ko{6gsf] ljsf; lagf d'n'ssf] ljsf; x'Fb} g . To;} n] P] ltxfl;s ;Dkbf arfpg'kb{5 . kmfnfjfªsf] k'tnL b/ af/ clxn] ;+/ If0f x'g g;Sbf uf} r/ 0f / v] n d} bfgdf kl/ 0ft ePsf] 5 . åGåsf] ;dodf b/ af/ sf] ;+/ If0f x'g g;s] kl5 b/ af/ Ifltu|: t x''g k'Uof] . ;+/ If0f x'g g;Sbf b/ af/ df sF'lbPsf sf7sf ‰ofn9f] sf, blng, 6'F8fn ;a} rf] / L ePsf 5g\ . ;+/ If0fsf af/ ] df rf;f] glbFbf k'tnL b/ af/ sf] cf;kf;sf hUuf ;d] t cltqmd0f xF'b} uPsf] 5 . clxn] kmfnfafª sRrL eP klg df] 6/ dfu{ k'u] sf] 5 . bfª t'n;Lk'/ b] lv !$ ls=dL ofqf u/ ] kl5 ysf] {6 x'Fb} kmfnfjfª k'luG5 . To;} u/ L csf] { dfu{ / fKtL / fhdfu{df kg] { sk'/ sf] 6af6 klg wg'afª, uf/ fkfgL, ln: g] vf] nf, / a'lsrf} / eP/ kmfnfjfª k'Ug ;lsG5 . of] dfu{ sl/ j @) ls=dL=sf] b"/ L kb{5 . ;fdfGotof ;fgf uf8Ln] b'O{ 306fsf] ;dodf sk'/ sf] af6 kmfnfjfª k'tnL b/ jf/ : yn k'¥ofpF5 . kmfnfjfª hfg] csf] { dfu{ xf] n'xfd–kmnfjfª of] ;8s kmfnfafª xF'b} dvg6fs'/ L;Dd k'u] sf] 5 . dvg6fs'/ Laf6 kfFr ldg] 6 dfq ofqf u/ ] kl5 ysf] {6 r'r'/ f] df k'Ug ;lsG5 . n'xfdaf6 dvg6fs'/ L;Ddsf] b"/ L sl/ jg !# ls=dL / x] sf] 5 . n'xfdaf6 kmfnfjfª b/ af/ If] q k'Ug & ls=dL ofqf u/ ] kl5 k'luG5 . kmfnfjfªnfO{ u|fdL0f ko{6sLo: ynsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{' kb{5 . To;sf] nflu kmfnfjfªsf P] ltxfl;s b/ jf/ sf] k'glgdf{0f ug{'kb{5 . ToxfF ePsf dlGb/ , sf] 6 / ;+: s[lt arfpg h?/ L 5 . P] ltxfl;s ;Dkbf ljgfz eof] eg] ufpFsf] pGglt x'g ;Sb} g . ufpFsf] pGglt / k|ultn] g} u|fdL0f hLjg : t/ sf] pGglt x'g] xf] . of] s'/ f ;a} n] a'e\mg h?/ L 5 . bfª / ;Nofg lhNnfsf] ;femf ;DklQsf] ?kdf / x] sf] ysf] {6 / kmfnfafªnfO{ ko{6g If] qsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ h?/ L 5 . u|fdL0f ko{6sx?sf] cfudg a9fpg kmfnfafªdf xf] d: 6] ;~rfngdf Nofpg'kb{5 .

sljtf

cGtjf{tf{

xfd|f] efif , ;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt / Oltxf;df afXo x:tIf]k a9]sf] 5 u gLdaxfb'/ yfkf, ;flxTosf/ lj=;+= @)!@ sf] c;f] h dlxgfdf cfhsf] Ko"7fg gu/ kflnsf j8f g+= * bDtLdf dWodjuL{o u|fdL0f kl/ jf/ sf lktf xf] taxfb'/ yfkf / dftf lji0f'b] jL yfkfsf] sf] vdf hGdg'ePsf gLdaxfb'/ yfkf clxn] b] pv'/ Lsf] jgufpFsf : yfoL afl;Gbf x'g'x'G5 . hgtf df=lj= afub'nfdf sIff * df k9\b} ubf{ g] kfnL ;] gfdf etL{ x'g'ePsf yfkfn] ;} lgs ;] jfdf sfo{/ t / xFbf km: 6 snf;sf] of] Uotf k|fKt ug'{ePsf] 5 . ;} lgs ;] jfdf sfo{/ t eO{ hdbf/ kbaf6 cjsfz lng'ePsf gLdaxfb'/ yfkf k|ultzLn, snf, ;flxTo / ;+: s[ltsf] If] qdf lqmofzLn JolQmTj x'g'x'G5 . pxfFsf lg: tf] ;fdflhs pkGof;, nfhjGtL sljtf ;ª\u|x, ;DkfbsLo ;ª\ufnf] , 6f] naxfb'/ s'dfnsf] hLjgdf cfwfl/ t cfTdsyf, / fdaxfb'/ yfkfsf] hLjgdf cfwfl/ t cfTdsyf, gfsfaf;Lsf ;dtfnufot cf7j6f s[ltx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . ;} lgs k[i7e"ldsf lj/ n} dfG5] x¿ of] If] qdf nfu] sf b] lvG5g\ ;dfhdf . k|: t't 5– log} k|ltefsf wgL, ldng;f/ JolQmTj gLdaxfb'/ yfkf;Fu ul/ Psf s'/ fsfgLsf] ;f/ ;+If] k .

– ;Dkfbs tkfO{“ ;}lgs hLjgdf sfo{/t JolQm ;flxTo / snfIf]qdf s;/L nfUg' eof] < of] lh1f;f kqsfl/tf / ;flxTodf /xg'ePsf w]/} ldqx?n] d ;dIf /fVg] ug'{xG' 5 . tyflk d}n] pxfFx?sf] lrQa'‰bf] lh1f;f d]6fpg ;s]+ ls ;lsgF, d cfkm}F c:ki6 5' . d olt eGg ;S5' ls b'O{ bzssf] cjlw;Dd d}n] ddf /x]sf] ;flxlTos r]tnfO{ dg{ lbPsf] /x]g5' . ;flxTo / snfsf] rrf{ ul//xFbf s]xL clnlvt ;Gbe{x? klg :d/0fdf cfOxfNbf/x]5g\ . k|hftGq lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df @)@^ ;fn kmfu'g * ut] hGd ufpF Ko'7fg bDtLdf d]/f ;xf]b/ bfh' af]daxfb'/ yfkfsf] cu|;/tfdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] ‘bDt]nL ;fFem’ gfds ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmddf …g v]n bfh' h'jf / tf;Ú uLlt gf6s, …jL/ansf] lvr8LÚ k|x;g, / b'O{j6f gfrdf s]6f]sf] /f]n lgefPsf] lyPF . uLtsf af]n lyP, …sfnf] rf]nf] s'd–s'ddf 6fn]sf]–afpn] 5f]/L 3fF; sf6\g kfn]sf]Ú -xfdL :s'n hfGYof}+ t/ lbbLx? hfFb}gy]_ / …sfnL vf]nf ;]tL vf]nf n'lsn'sL lx8\g] lsg xf]nfÚ -e"ldut g]tfx?nfO{ ;]tL÷sfnL -laDa_ sf] ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] /x]5_ .

To;sf] nuQ} hgtf dfWolds ljBofno afUb'nfsf] jflif{sf]T;jdf æa6f}nLsf] a'9f]Æ gf6sdf nfx'/]sf] ef/L af]Sg] a'9f]sf] /f]n v]n]/ ;df/f]xs} k|yd ePsf] ;Demgf cfpF5 . of] gf6ssf n]vs cfb/0fLo bfh' wg]Gb|laqmd kf08] -xfn e}/xjf lgjf;L_ / lgb]{zs cfb/0fLo u'? dw';"bg kf}8]n -xfn bfª a3f};L lgjf;L_ x'gx' G' Yof] . o;} sfo{qmddf cfb/0fLo lbbL b|f}kbL kf}8]n -ndxL_ n] lgb]{zg u/]sf] g[Todf efu lnPsf] lyPF . @)$( ;fndf gofF jif{sf] pknIfdf gf/fo0flx6L b/af/df /fhf jL/]Gb|nfO{ b]vfpg] ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmddf gf6s æcd/ l;+xÆdf ;/bf/ /0fhf]/l;+x yfkfsf] e"ldsf lgefPsf] lyPF . o;sf lgb]{zs cfb/0fLo u'? k|f1 dbgdfg dNn x'gx' G' Yof] . tkfO+s “ f] lbdfudf /x]sf] ;flxlTos pmhf{nfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfdf sfo{/t /x“bf arfP/ /fVg'eof] jf Tolta]nf klg n]Vg] ug'e { of] < d tLg 306f /flqsfnLg l8p6Ldf /xFbf sygf uy]{+ / ;s]/ Aof/]sdf ;'Tg'k"j{ n]v]/ dfq} cf/fd uy]{+ . d]/f clt lk|o ldq, b e/taxfb'/ la;'/fn -laSo"j_ æljZj rlr{t /]Zn/ lxdfnog 6fOu/Æ xfdL Pp6} Aofrsf ;}Go hjfg, cfh klg plQs} ld7f] ;f}xfb{t| f 5 . pxfF ;Gbe{n] hflu/ 5f]8]/ leogf k'Ug'eof] .

ToxfFaf6 b]jgfu/L 6fOk u/]/ ldqn] -d}n] cfkm} 6fOk u/]sf] eGg 5'6fpg' ePg_ cfk"m lgs} prfOdf k'u]sf] k|]ldn lr7L dnfO{ n]Vg'eof] . Ko'7fg k"Fhfsf d]/f] ;f]N6L gftf] kbf]{/x]5 Sns{;Fu ;Dks{ u/]/ d}n] k|ltldg]6 @% cIf/ 6fOk l;ls;s]sf] lyPF . 6fOk g} u/]/ sljtfdf pxfFsf] hjfkm n]lv k7fPF, Pp6f 6'qmf– d]/f] d'6d' f dfofsf] w8\sg 5fDg] eP, cfnf k7fOlbPsf] eP x'GYof] d]/] bf]:t, sfF8f lsg k7fpg'eof] < d]/f] cfFvfdf /f]zgL a9fpg' lyof] eg], rZdf k7fOlbPsf] eP x'GYof] d]/] bf]:t, 5f/f] lsg k7fpg'eof] < d]/f] klxnf] ;fdflhs pkGof; ælg:tf]Æ d}n] ;}lgs hLjgd} @)$@ lt/ n]v]sf] lyPF t/ ;don] @)^& r}qdf aNn k|sfzg eof] . dlxnfk|wfg pkGof; …ljdnfÚ @)$% sf] Pp6f v];|f cfh klg sfkLsf] kfgfdf rlK6Psf] e]l6g ;S5 . tkfO{n “ fO{ of] If]qdf nfUg] s]xL yk k|]/0ffsf ;|f]tx? klg xf]nfg lg < d cln ;fgf] 5Fbf afF;/' L, d'r{+u' f, kft ahfP/ k7fPsf] ;Gb]z a'em]/ tTsfnLg hjfg o'jfo'jtLx? e]6 ug]{ ;do / :yfg ldnfpg ;lsG5 eGg' x'GYof] . o;/L cd"t{ snfdfkm{t\ csf{sf] dgf]efj a'‰g] kIf crDd nfUYof] dnfO{ . b'O{ k|sf/sf] kf;L{ s'/f t lgs} rrf{df lyof] .

-s_ aL cufl8 nfu]sf] kf;L{ h:t}– lalrlatLlavf]lanf la/flad lax]la/lag la;+lau}{ lahfladlanf lax} < cyf{t\ lrtL vf]nf /fd x]g{ ;Fu} hfdnf x} < -v_ pN6f] cIf/sf] kf;L{ h:t}– dLlttl; x]lj /lUggd 5, cyf{t\ ltdLl;t lax] ugL{ dg 5 . dnfO{ nfUYof] o;/L t cfˆgf] efj c?nfO{ lbg ;lsG5 eg], af]n]/ / n]v]/ t w]/} s'/f w]/} hdftnfO{ lbg ;lsG5 eg]/ n]Vg yfn]sf] lyPF . ;flxTo, snf / ;+:s[ltnfO{ tkfO{n “ ] s'g b[li6sf]0fn] n3'syf

v

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x]g'x{ G' 5 < oL tLg} ljifo k/:k/ 3lgi7 ;DaGw /fVg] km/s–km/s kIf x'g\ . logn] /fli6«o :jfledfgsf vflt/ tLg}j6f w'/Lvfdf]sf] sfd u5{g\ . ;flxTo n]Vg] nx8 hf] s'g}nfO{ nfUg ;S5 t/ lg/Gt/ ;fwgflagf n]lvPsf] ;flxTo -k"0f{ t slxNo} x'Fb}g_ cw'/f] g} /xG5 . snf o:tf] If]q xf], h;n] xhf/ zAbn] a'emfpg g;s]sf] ;Gbe{ Pp6f b[Zo, k|:t'lt / cfs[ltn] a'emfpF5 . s}of}+ dflg;df hGdl;4 snf x'G5 t/ ljljw sf/0fn] k|:t't ug{ ;ls/x]sf] x'Fb}g . xfd|f] b]zsf] ;+:s[lt ljzfn 5 . ax' hflt, e]if, efiff, wd{, /xg ;xg, vfgkfg, k/Dk/fnufotsf] ax'ntf /x]sf] xfd|f] b]zdf ;+:s[ltdf klg ax'ntf /xg' :jfefljs 5 . ;+:s[ltdf k|f0f Tofu]sf] ef}lts z/L/ klg k'/ftflTjs dxTj;Fu hf]l8G5 . clGtd ;+:sf/df cfuf] lbg]x?sf] z/L/ hn]/ ;lsG5 t/ ljleGg tl/sfn] df6f] lbg]x?sf] :yfg ;'/lIft /xG5 / ;dofjlw k'u]kl5 Tof] :yfg klg k'/ftfTjLs aGg k'U5 . g]kfnsf] snf, ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltdf s] s:tf ;d:ofx? b]Vg'xG' 5 < klxnf] s'/f t xfdL afx\o gSsnlt/ cu|;/ eO/x]sf 5f}+, h;n] xfd|f] cfˆgf]kgf db}{ uO/x]sf] 5 . bf];|f] klZrdfx?sf] gSsn u/]/ ;"Id9+un] dGblaif lkO/x]sf 5f}+ . xfdL dGblaifn] n7\l7Psf] cj;/ 5f]k]/ xfd|f] efiff, ;flxTo, snf, ;+::s[lt / Oltxf;df afXo x:tIf]k a9]sf] 5 . ;flxTosf] af/]df rrf{ ubf{ k7g ;+:s[lt x/fpFb} uPsf] 5 . k9\b} gk9]/ n]v]sf] ;flxTon] ;dfhnfO{ lbzf lgb]{z ug}{ ;Sb}g . k9\g' eg]sf] lstfa dfq xf]Og, b]z, sfn, kl/:ylt, ;dfh / hghLjgnfO{ gk9L uGtAo klxnfpg ;lsb}g . j}rfl/s ;flxlTos ;+u7gx? klg 5g\, To:tf ;+u7gx?n] d"n k|jfxnfO{ lbzflgb]{z ug{ g;Sg' k|dv ' ;d:of xf] .

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@)&( ;fn c;f/ !! ut] zlgjf/ (June 25, 2022)

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afnlajfx ePsf] / f] Nkf lhNnf cbfntsf >] : t] bf/ k|] d v8\sfsf] egfO 5 . …;fg} pd] / df ljjfx u5{g\, kl/ kSj ePkl5 k5'tfP/ ;DaGw laR5] b u/ fpg cfp“5g\Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] . ;DaGw laR5] bsf cGo sf/ 0fdf j} b] lzs / f] huf/ L, ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] b'¿kof] u, dfbs kbfy{sf] ;] jg, s'6lk6, lx+;fnufot / x] sf 5g\ . dlxnf cl3sf/ sdL{ tLyf{ cfrfo{ eGg'x'G5– …j} b] lzs / f] huf/ Ln] klg ;DaGw laR5] bnfO{ a9fjf lbPsf] 5 .Ú ;DklQ glnP/ } ;DaGw laR5] b ug] {sf] ;+Vof w] / } 5 . ;DklQ dfu bfaL;lxt ul/ g] ;DaGw ljR5] bsf] k|lqmof nfdf] x'G5 . o;/ L ;of} + kl/ jf/ lav08g x'Fbf ;fdflhs lju|x klg a9\b} uPsf] cfrfo{n] atfpg'eof] . ;DaGw laR5] b u/ ] sfx¿sf 5f] / f5f] / Lsf] lzIff, : jf: Yo tyf kfngkf] if0f k|efljt x'g] u/ ] sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

k"jf{wf/===== pkrf/ s]Gb|sf] nflu !% nfv / ;jf/L ;fwg vl/bsf nflu #% nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L aaO{ ufp“kflnsfsf pkfWoIf ads'df/L v8\sfn] %) s/f]8 ^% nfv $# xhf/ ?k}of“sf] ah]6 ufp“;efdf k]z ug'e { Psf] 5 . ufp“kflnsfdf ;+3Lo ;/sf/dfkm{t laQLo ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfg !! s/f]8 %! nfv, /fh:j af“8kmf“8af6 !) s/f]8 @@ nfv #^ xhf/, jg /f]oN6L kf“r nfv, ;zt{ cg'bfg !* s/f]8 $^ nfv / ljz]if cg'bfg Ps s/f]8, To;}u/L k|b]z ;/sf/af6 laQLo ;dflgs/0f cg'bfg ^@ nfv %! xhf/, k|b]z /fh:j af“8kmf“8af6 %* nfv %^ xhf/, ljz]if cg'bfg ^) nfv, k|b]z ;z{t cg'bfg *) nfv / ;dk"/s cg'bfg Ps s/f]8 %) nfv, To:t} cfGtl/s cfotkm{ b'O{ s/f]8, /lhi6«]zg z'Ns @) nfv / rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] art tLg s/f]8 u/L cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf nflu %) s/f]8 ^% nfv $# xhf/ ?k}of“sf] jh]6 NofOPsf] 5 . o:t} a+unfr'nL ufp“kflnsfn] ^# s/f]8 %% nfv @) xhf/ ?k}of“sf] jh]6 ufp“kflnsfdf k]z u/]sf] 5 . kflnsfsf pkfWoIf eQmaxfb'/ lh;Ln] rfn'tkm{ #$ s/f]8 (# nfv $! xhf/ / k"h “ Luttkm{ @* s/f]8 ^! Nffv &( xhf/ ?k}of“ ljlgof]hg u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . rfn'u' t

tkm{ /fhZj af“8kmf“8 ;ft s/f]8, ;zt{ cg'bfg @^ s/f]8 (# nfv $! xhf/, cfGtl/s cfDbfgLtkm{ Ps s/f]8 /sd ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} ljlgof]lht ah]6dWo] rfn't' km{ laQLo ;dflgs/0ftkm{ !! s/f]8 !( nfv ## xhf/, /fhZj af“8kmf“8tkm{ rf/ s/f]8 $& nfv () xhf/, ;zt{ cg'bfgtkm{ !! s/f]8 !& nfv %^ xhf/ / cfGtl/s cfotkm{ Ps s/f]8 %) nfv ?k}of“ lalgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L zflGtgu/ ufp“kflnsfn] %) s/f]8 (& nfv $* xhf/sf] ah]6 ufp;efdf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . rfn'tkm{ #! s/f]8 ^^ nfv @^ xhf/ k"h “ Luttkm{ !( s/f]8 #! nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf k|df]b a:g]tn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . o;}u/L b+uLz/0f ufp“kflnsfn] ;a}eGbf sd $^ s/f]8 ($ nfv #( xhf/sf] cg'dflgt ah]6 ufp“;efdf k]z u/]sf] 5 . ufp“kflnsfsf pkfWoIf kLdfs'df/L cf]nL v8\ sfn] rfn'tkm{ @& s/f]8 / k"h “ Luttkm{ !( s/f]8 ($ nfv #( xhf/sf] ah]6 ufp“;efdf k]z ug'e { Psf] xf] . :yfgLo txn] lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ nlIft ah]6 agfPsf 5g . lhNnfsf gf}j6f kflnsfn] z'qmaf/ ah]6 NofP klg cfGtl/s ljjfbsf sf/0f /fKtL ufp“kflnsfn] of] ;dfrf/ tof/ kfbf{;Dd ah]6 Nofpg ;s]g . s'n ^! s/f]8 %$ nfv *$ xhf/sf] ah]6 Nofpg] tof/L u/]sf] ;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 .

OG;]såf/f lx+;fkLl8tnfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u a8{km\n' k'li6 ePkl5 Ps xhf/ k+IfL gi6 o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf 3f] / fxL, !) c;f/ . cgf} krfl/ s If] q ;] jf s] Gb| -OG;] s_ n] 3f] / fxLsL Ps lx+;fkLl8t dlxnfnfO{ cfly{s ;xof] u u/ ] sf] 5 . of} ghGo lx+;fdf k/ ] sL dlxnfsf] Gofo, pkrf/ / b} lgs cfwf/ e"t ;d: ofdf ;xhtf Nofpg bz xhf/ ?k} of“ cfly{s ;xof] u ul/ Psf] xf] . kLl8t dlxnfnfO{ k|d'v

b'uf{sf]===== lji6n] u/ ] sf] v] tL b] v] +, dg cfglGbt eof]Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …To;kl5 lji6;“u ;Nnfx lnP“ / pxf“n] lj?jf pknAw u/fPkl5 d}n] klg z'? u/]+ .Ú 3f]/fxL–!* cva/]df a'9fn] Ps xhf/ la?jfaf6 8«fug k|m6' sf] v]tL z'? ug'{ ePsf] xf] .

Jofj;flos?kdf b'O{ jif{b]lv v]tL ub}{ cfpg'ePsf pxf“sf] clxn] 5hgfsf] ;d"x 5 . clxn] …sl/a #@ s7\7f hldgdf b'O{ xhf/ kf“r ;o la?jf 5g\ . ut jif{b]lv la?jfn] kmn lbPsf] 5Ú– a'9fn] eGg'eof]– …ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf of] jif{ /fd|} kmn lbg] ck]Iff 5 .Ú sl/a $% nfvsf] nufgLdf z'? u/]sf] 8«fug k|m6' sf] v]tLaf6 s]xL cfDbfgL eO;s]sf] a'9fn] atfpg'eof] . …of] jif{sf] klxnf] r/0fsf] kmn l6Kg] tof/Ldf

lhNnf clwsf/ L lx/ fnfn / ] UdLsf] / f] xa/ df 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf pkk|d'v x'df l8;Ln] ;xof] u / sd x: tfGt/ 0f ug'{ePsf] OG;] s lhNnf k|ltlglw h] =Pg=;fu/ n] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . kLl8tsf] pkrf/ / fKtL : jf: Yo lj1fg k|lti7fgcGtu{t c: ktfndf cfwfl/ t n} +lus lx+;f;DaGwL Psåf/ ;+s6 Joj: yfkg s] Gb|df eO/ x] sf] 5 .

5f}Ú+ – pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …klxnf] r/0fsf] kmn l6lk;s]kl5 km]l/ bf];|f] r/0fsf] km"n km'N5 / sl/j dlxgf lbgdf kmn tof/ x'G5 .Ú jif{df kf“r 5 n6 cfpg] Pp6f lj?jfaf6 jflif{s sl/a %) lsnf] dfly kmn lbg] pxf“sf] egfO 5 . clxn] b'O{ hftsf] 8«fug /x]sf] a'9fn] atfpg'eof] . ;]tf] 8«fug / /ftf] 8«fugsf] v]tL ug'e { Psf a'9fn] h]7b]lv km'Ng z'? x'g] / sflt{s;Dd kmNg] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . ut jif{ 5 nfvsf] cfDbfgL u/]sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . uPsf] jif{ k|lt s]hL cf7 ;o;Dd laqmL u/]sf] eP klg of] jif{ ahf/sf] d"No cg';f/ laqmL ug]{ a'9fsf] egfO 5 .

Pp6f kmn sl/a tLg ;o u|fdb]lv Ps lsnf]u|fd a/fa/sf] x'G5 .

sf]6]zg ;DaGwdf

;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&(.)#.!) n'lDagL k|b]z ;/sf/ lzIff, lj1fg tyf v]ns'b dGqfno ;fdflhs ljsf; l8lehg sfof{no t'n;Lk'/ bfª tyf o; ljBfnosf] ;fem]bf/Laf6 lj1fg÷:6]d Nofa :yfkgf÷:t/Ls/0f / ;+rfng sfo{qmdsf nflu ljlgof]lht ah]6 ?= %,%),))).– -kfFr nfv krf; xhf/_ af6 cfjZos ;fdu|L vl/b tyf Joj:yfkg ug'k{ g]{ ePsf]n] cfk"lt{ ug{ OR5's Joj;foL tyf kmd{x?af6 cfkm\gf] btf{ k|df0fkq gjLs/0f tyf cf=j= @)&&÷)&* sf] s/ r'Qmf k|df0fkq ;lxt ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq uf]Ko lznaGbL b/efp -sf]6]zg_ a'emfpg cfx\jfg ul/G5 . sf]6]zg a'emfpg ljBfno ;dodf ef}lts ?kd} ;DalGwtx? g} pkl:yt x'gk' g]{ 5 . Dofbleq btf{ ePsf] sf]6]zg k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] cf7f}+ lbgdf vf]lng]5 . gf]6 M Description tyf Specification sf] nflu ljBfnodf ;Dks{ ug'x{ f]nf . k|wfgfWofks

>L dfWolds ljBfno l;S6f

/fhk'/ uf=kf=–& l;S6f, bfª ;Dks{ g+= (*$&(*@!!@

CTEVT af6 dfGotf

k|fKt @% jif{b]lv g]kfns} Ps dfq cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] Ao'6Ll;og sf]if{x?df sf7df8f}s + f Ao'l6l;Pgåf/f k|lzIf0f u/fOG5 . M Basic,

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d'Vo sfof{no sf7df8f}+ M )!–$%!#(%*÷(*$!$#*^*&

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7d]n M )!–%#!%^@*÷(*$()$^)#%, nugv]n M )!–%(!!#$)÷(*^$@%*!**, rfjlxnrf]s M )!–$%(##^!÷(*^@^()&^$ sf]6]Zj/ M )!–$^!))!%÷(*^#@#()!#, sn+sL M )!–%#!@#)$÷(*^@^()*&)uf]+ua'rf]s M )!–%())^)^, a'6jn M )&!–%#!$^(, kf]v/f M )^!– %&$(*!, afUn'ª M )^*–%@@&!), O6x/L rf]s M (&$((@)#*@, lrtjgM )%^–%&@!$$

lgj]bsn] gfd;f/L ug{ dfu u/]sf] hUufsf] ljj/0f uf=kf j8f g+= lsQf g+= If]qkmn lsl;d hUufwgLsf] gfd aofn] l;dtf/f *÷v @^( )–#–) – 8Da/ axfb'/ e/f/L lhNnf bfª t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsf j8f g+= * a: g] 8Da/ axfb'/ e/ f/ Lsf 5f] / f / d]z e08f/ L ;d] tn] xfd|f afa' 8Da/ axfb'/ e/ f/ L -lgj] bssf] _ gful/ stfdf 8Da/ axfb'/ e08f/ L_ sf] ldlt @)^(.)!.@# df d[To' ePsf] d[tssf] z] ifkl5sf] xsbf/ b'O{j6f kTgL h] 7L lnnfjtL e08f/ L bf] ;|f] ljafx u/ L uPsf] lghaf6 Psdfq 5f] / f / d] z e08f/ L ePsf] / sfG5L kTgLaf6 Psdfq 5f] / f bf] 0f{ axfb'/ e08f/ L / cljjflxtf 5f] / L b'O{ jlxgL h] 7L hfgsL e08f/ L / sfG5L k'hf{ e08f/ L ePsf] n] d[ts 8Da/ axfb'/ e/ f/ Lsf] nfngkfng cf} iflw pkrf/ sfhs[of bfgbftJo xfdL lgj] bsx?n] u/ ] sf] n] d[ts 8Da/ axfb'/ e/ f/ Lsf] gfddf btf{ >] : tf ePsf] pNn] lvt hUuf xfd|f] gfddf ;+o'Q gfd;f/ L u/ L hUufwgL k|df0f k"hf{ kfpF egL ls6fgL l;kmfl/ ; ;h{ldg ;lxt o; sfof{nodf lgj] bg dfu u/ ] sfn] dfu adf] lhd x'g kg] { xf] jf xf] O{g egL of] ;"rgf ;j{ ;wf/ 0f ;/ sf/ jfn ;j} sf] hfgsf/ Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/ Psf] 5 .

lr/fo' d]l8sn P08 Kofyf]nf]hL ;]G6/ t'n;Lk'/df k|To]s lbg jl/i7 sG;N6]G6 afn/f]u ljz]if1 8f= k|sfz k'g MBBS -K.U_,MD -NAMS_, jl/i7 sG;N6]G6 lkmlhl;og ljz]if1 8f= /GhLt kf08] -MBBS-BPKIHS w/fg_ tyf MD -PGI r08Lu9, Ol08of_ tyf sG;N6] G6 :qL tyf k|;t' L/f]u ljz]if1 8f=clgtf >]i7åf/f la/fdLx?sf] r]shfFr tyf pkrf/ eO/x] sf] x'bF f ;dod} cfkm\gf] gfd btf{ u/fO{ ljz]if1 ;]jfsf] k"0f{ nfe lng'xf];\ .

8f= k|sfz k'gåf/f lbOg] ;]jfx?M l gjhft lzz'x?df b]lvg] hl08;, ?3vf]sL, lgd'lgof, Hj/f]sf] r]shfFr tyf pkrf/ l aRrfx?n] vfgf vfg dg gug],{ lemhf]dfGg], b'AnfpFb} hfg], vfgfckr x'g,] nfdf] ;do;Dd eO/xg] cfpF, df;L, kvfnf, s'kf]if0f, k]6 b'Vg] r]shfFr tyf pkrf/ .

8f= /lGht kf08]åf/f lbOg] ;]jfx?M l ;'u/,yfO/fO8, k|;] /, k]6, sn]hf] ,d'6,' 5ftL -kmf]S;f]_ gzf tyf ;Dk"0f{ /f]ux?sf] r]shfFr tyf pkrf/ 8f= clgtf >]i7åf/f lbOg] ;]jfx?M l dlxnfx?df tNnf] k]6 b'Vg], ;]tf]kfgL aUg], of]gL lrnfpg], 9f8 sDd/ b'Vg] jf kfl§g], cflb l dlxgfjf/L ;dodf gx'g,] dlxgfjf/L x'bF f tNnf] k]6 w]/} b'Vg] cflbsf] pkrf/ l ue{jtL dlxfnfx?sf] lgodLt r]s hfFr tyf ;Nnfx–;'emfa . l dlxnfx?df x'g] lg;Gtfgkg -afemf]kg_ cflbsf] pkrf/ l :tgdf x'g] luvf{sf] r]shfFr tyf pkrf/ . gf]6 M la/fdLsf] gfd kmf]gaf6 kgL btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu

lr/fo' d]l8sn P08 Kofyf]nf]hL ;]G6/ t'n;Lk'/– % æuÆ nfOg, bfª -xf]6n dfpG6 Eo";Fu ;6]sf] ejgdf_ ;Dks{ g+= )*@–%@@^*#, (*%&*@)!^)

;dj]bgf hGd M !((&.!@.@&

d[To' M @)&(.)#.)$

o; uf]/vf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sf z]o/ ;b:o tyf sd{rf/L ldgfs'df/L /f]sf du/sf ;;'/f 3f]/fxL– !# lgjf;L dgaxfb'/ /f]sfsf] ldlt @)&( c;f/ $ ut]sf lbg *@ jif{sf] pd] /df ePsf] b'Mvb lgwgn] xfdL ddf{xt ePsf 5f}+ . o; b'Mvb 38Ldf lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/zflGtsf] sfdgf ub{ } zf]sfs"n kl/jf/hgk|lt w}o{wf/0f ug{] zlQm k|fKt xf];\ egL ulx/f] ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

cWoIf

uf]/vf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/ 3f]/fxL– !%, bfª

hUuf vfnL ug{sf nflu #% lbg] ;"rgf Û

d]/f] lgDg Joxf] /fsf] /fxbfgL ldlt @)&(.)@.)% ut]sf lbg 3f]/fxLaf6 ndxLtkm{ hf“Fb} ubf{ x/fPsf] x'“Fbf km] nf kfg'{ x'g] dxfg'efjn] glhssf] k|x/L sfof{no jf lgDg 7] ufgfdf ;Dks{ ul/lbg'xf]nf . gfd M wgaxfb'/ a'9fyf]sL /fxbfgL g+= M !!$)()!# 7]ufgf M :ju{åf/L g=kf=–$, Ko"7fg ;Dks{ g+= M (*)(%(@^@%

ITC k|lzIf0f s]Gb| bfª 3f]/fxL /fKtL ;'k/nhsf] cufl8 M )*@–%^#^!!÷(&$%(@$&)*

lhNnf bfª t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= * a:g] 8Da/ axfb'/ e/f/Lsf] 5f]/f /d]z e08f/L ;d]tn] lgDg lnlvt hUufsf] gfd;f/L ul/kfpF egL lgj]bg lbg'ePsf] x'bF f ;j}sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . lgj]bssf gfddf gfd;f/L ug{ gkg]{ sf/0f eP jf c? s;}sf] gfddf ;d]t gfd;f/L x'gk' g]{ eP jf lgj]bs afx]s c? xsjfnf klg eP sf/0f / k|df0f;lxt of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq lgj]bssf] gfddf gfd;f/L ug{ gkg]{ sf/0f v'nfO{ jf c? klg xsjfnf eP k|df0f / lhls/;lxt lgj]bg ug{ cfpg'xf]nf . tf]lsPsf] ;odleq bfaL lj/f]w ug{ gcfP sfg'g adf]lhd e}hfg] Joxf]/f ;"lrt ul/G5 .

ghGdfpgsf nflu ul/g] ljleGg pkfosf nflu a'em\g] ul/ GYof] eg] clxn] kl/ jf/ lgof] hg ;] jfnfO{ cfdf, gjhft lzz' / afn: jf: Yosf] ;'wf/ ug] { pkfosf ?kdf lng] ul/ G5 . o; ;] jfn] JolQm / bDktLsf] lzIff, j[lQljsf;, ;zQmLs/ 0f / cfly{s pTyfg ug{ klg d2t k'Ug] ub{5 . kl/ jf/ lgof] hgdf clxn] Ps s/ f] 8 nufgL

u/ ] df o;af6 hg: jf: Yo, 3/ , a;f] af;, kfgL / cGo ;d'bfosf] ljsf;sf nflu ;g\ @)#) ;Dd #=! s/ f] 8sf] k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g] ;Sg] cf“sng ul/ Psf] 5 . hg: jf: Yoljb\ 8f= / fh] Gb| u'?ªn] ue{lg/ f] wsf ;fwgsf] k|of] u a[l4 eP/ s'n k|hgg b/ sdL cfPsf] dfGg ;lsg] hgfp“b} k|hgg pd] / sf hg;+Vofsf] 7"nf] lx: ;f ljb] zdf / x] sfn] k|hgg b/ df sdL cfPsf] atfpg'eof] .

/fxbfgL x/fPsf] ;"rgf Û

gf]6 M o'=s]=, cd]l/sf, ci6«]lnof, o'/f]k tyf cGo b]zx?df :6'8]G6 tyf cGo leiffdf hfg]x?sf nflu ljz]if sf]if{ ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\.

dfnkf]t sfof{no t'n;Lk'/, bfªsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf Û

g]kfndf=====

r]t/fd rf}w/L / a'l4/fd rf}w/L

/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/;lxt egf{ v'Nof] .

jl/i7 sG;N6]G6 afn/f]u ljz]if1 8f= k|sfz k'g, jl/i7 sG;N6]G6 lkmlhl;og ljz]if1 8f = /lGht kf08] tyf sG;N6]G6 :qL tyf k|;t' L /f]u ljz]if1 8f= clgtf >]i7åf/f r]shf“r eO/x]sf] ;"rgf Û

sfof{nodf laxLaf/ a;]sf] a8{km\n' lgoGq0f ;ldltsf] cfsl:ds a}7sn] rf/ lsNnf s0ff{nL, !) c;f/ . tf]s]/ kmd{df /x]sf 6sL{, ;'vt{ ] sf] jL/Gb| ] gu/ gu/kflnsf–# a|f]On/ / nf]sn s'v/' f gi6 tftf]kfgLl:yt Ps 6sL{ kmd{sf] ug{ lgb]z { g lbPsf] lyof] .

6sL{df a8{km\n' k'li6 ePkl5 k|zf;gsf] lgb]z { gkZrft\ sl/a Ps xhf/ tLg ;o k+IfL kz'kI+ fL lrlsT;s;lxtsf] 6f]nL gi6 ul/Psf] 5 . k'u]/ a8{km\n' b]lvPsf] :yfgb]lv s]Gb|Lo kz'kI+ fL /f]u %)) ld6/ If]qdf kflnPsf cGj]if0f k|of]uzfnf sf7df8f}d+ f k+IfL gi6 ul/Psf] lyof] . ul/Psf] k/LIf0faf6 pQm l8:kf]hn 6f]nLn] a8{km\n' kmd{sf] 6sL{df a8{km\n' k'li6 km}lnPsf] kmd{df ;fgf 7"nf ePsf] lyof] . ;f] kmd{df u/L sl/a Ps xhf/ b'O{ ;o Ps ;o eGbf a9L 6sL{ a|f]On/ s'v/' fsf rNnf, *) d/]kl5 k/LIf0fsf nflu gd"gf 6sL{ / cGo nf]sn s'v/' f sf7df8f}+ k7fOPsf] kz'kI+ fL l8:kf]h u/]sf] lgb]z { gfnon] ljsf; lgb]z { gfnosf k|dv ' hgfPsf] 5 . k|dv ' lhNnf k|r08 v8\sfn] hfgsf/L clwsf/L vu]Gb|k; | fb l/hfnn] lbg'eof] . 6sL{ a8{km\ns ' } sf/0f a8{km\n' km}lng glbg ;'v]t{ d/]sf] k'li6 ePsf] lyof] . pkTosfsf ls;fgnfO{ ;hu 6sL{df a8{km\n' k'li6 u/fOPsf] atfpg'eof] . ePkl5 lhNnf k|zf;g

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Innovative Education Network 9801119181, 9863118337

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