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lng kfOg] 5 . ofq' /fVbf Ifdtfsf] %) kltztdfq /fVg'kg] {5 eg] Pp6f nx/df Pshgf dfq ofq' a:g'kg] {5 . ofq'x¿n] clgjfo{ df:s nufpg'kg] {5 eg] 9f] sf / uf8Lleq klg :oflg6fOh/sf] Joj:yf u/] sf] x'g'kg] {5 . o;;DaGwL yk dfkb08 ef} lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnon] agfpg] dGqL 1jfnLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

To:t} cfGtl/s p8fg klg ef] lnb] lv g} z'? ug] { tof/L yflnPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] cfGtl/s p8fg v'Ng] ldlt tf] s] ;“u} jfo';] jf sDkgL ca a'lsª v'nfpg] tof/Ldf h'6] sf 5g\ . To;cufl8 sDkgLx? s'g–s'g uGtAodf p8fg ug{ kfOg] / s'gdf gkfOg] eGg] lj:t[t lgb] {zgsf] tof/Ldf 5g\ . g] kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0fsf pkdxflgb] {zs /fhs'df/ If] qLsf cg';f/ ;/sf/n] clxn] ;Dd p8fg v'nf x'g] uGtAosf] ;"rL lbO;s] sf] 5} g . ;/sf/n] nfdf] b"/ Lsf uf8L / cfGtl/s p8fg;“u} xf] 6n /] i6'/ f klg ef] lnb] lv g} ;~rfngdf cfpg lbg] lg0f{o u/] sf] 5 . vltj8fnfO{ dGqL;/xs} ;'ljwfdf lgo'lQm ;/sf/n] k"j{cy{dGqL 8f= o'j/fh vltj8fnfO{ kwfgdGqL s] kL zdf{ cf] nLsf kd'v cfly{s ;Nnfxsf/ lgo'Qm u/] sf] 5 . dlGqkl/ifb\ a} 7sn] vltj8fnfO{ dGqL:t/Lo ;] jf ;'ljwf kfpg] u/L ;Nnfxsf/ lgo'Qm u/] sf] ;/sf/sf kjQmf 1jfnLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

1jfnLnfO{ kjQmf klg ;f] daf/s} a} 7sn] tf] s] sf] xf] .

d+unaf/ Ps xhf/ !# k'?if / rf/ ;o $^ dlxnf u/L Ps xhf/ rf/ ;o %( sf] / f] gf ;+qmldt ylkPsf 5g\ . of] clxn] ;Dds} pRr c+s xf] . ;a} eGbf a9L sf7df8f} +df kf“r ;o %% hgf sf] / f] gf ;+qmldt km] nf k/] sf 5g\ . o;;“u} g] kfndf sf] / f] gf ;+qmldtsf] ;+Vof %^ xhf/ ;ft ;o ** k'u] sf] 5 . !% xhf/ ;ft ;o &( ;lqmo ;+qmldtdWo] ;ft xhf/ 5 ;o $) xf] d cfO;f] n] zg / cf7 xhf/ Ps ;o #( ;+: yfut cfO;f] n] zgdf 5g\ . o:t} ;ft xhf/ b'O{ ;o %) Sjf/] G6fOgdf /x] sf 5g\ . d+unaf/ kl5Nnf] @$ 306fdf rf/ dlxnf / ;ft k'?if u/L !! hgfn] sf] / f] gfsf sf/0f Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\ . o;;“u} sf] / f] gfaf6 lgwg x'g] sf] ;+Vof tLg ;o &! k'u] sf] 5 . s'n ;+qmldtdWo] )=^% kltztsf] sf] / f] gfsf sf/0f Hofg uPsf] 5 . ljZje/ sf] / f] gf efO/;af6 b'O{ s/f] 8 ($ nfv %) xhf/ Ps ;o (# hgf kefljt ePsf 5g\ . sf] / f] gfaf6 gf} nfv #@ xhf/ cf7 ;o !! hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\ eg] b'O{ s/f] 8 !@ nfv *! xhf/ *% hgf lgsf] ePsf 5g\ .

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf sf7df8f} +, #) ebf} . ;/sf/n] ef] ln c;f] h ! ut] b] lv nfdf] b"/ Lsf ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg lbg] lg0f{o u/] sf] 5 . o;cl3 oftfoft Aoj;foL tyf dhb"/ x?n] c;f] h ! ut] b] lv nfdf] b"/ Lsf oftfoft ;fwg rnfpg] r] tfjgL lbPkl5 ;/sf/ bafadf kb} {

ef/t lxF8] sf %$ sf] p4f/ af“s] , #) ebf} -o';_– af“s] sf] v8} rfaf6 ;f] daf/ dWo/flt ef/t hfg vf] Hg] %$ hgfnfO{ kx/Ln] p4f/ u/] sf] 5 . lhNnf kx/L sfof{no af“s] n] ca} w af6f] kof] u u/L ef/t kj] z ug{ vf] Hg] kf“r dlxnf;lxt %$ hgfnfO{ lhNnfsf] 8'8'jf ufp“kflnsfsf] v8} rfaf6 p4f/ u/] sf] xf] . ef/tsf] lxdf~rn kb] zdf /f] huf/L ug{ hfg nfu] sf] atfpg] pgLx? 7] s] bf/nfO{ ef/t k7fPjfkt kltJolQm 5 xhf/ ef/tLo ?k} of“;d] t lbg'kg] { zt{df ca} w gfsf kof] u u/] / hfg nfu] sfn] p4f/ ul/Psf] lhNnf kx/L sfof{no af“s] sf kx/L kd'v cf] daxfb'/ /fgfn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . …?s'd, /f] Nkf, af“s] , bfª, alb{ofnufotsf lhNnfsf pgLx? sfdsf nflu ef/t hfg nfu] sf] cj:yfdf p4f/ ul/Psf] xf] Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] . ca} w af6f] af6 ;f] emf gful/snfO{ ef/t n} hfg] b'O{hgfnfO{ ;d] t lgoGq0fdf lnP/ kx/Ln] cg';Gwfg z'? u/] sf] 5 . af“s] kx/Ln] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf b'O{dWo] cd/ uGwj{ uf8L rfns ePsf] / ;] / fh cxdb /fO{ g] kfnu~haf6 ca} w af6f] x'“b} ef/t kj] z u/fpg] sfo{df ;+nUg /x] sf] af“s] kx/L kd'v /fgfn] atfpg'eof] . sf] lj8–!( sf] dxfdf/Lsf sf/0f ;Ldf aGb ePsf sf/0f pgLx?nfO{ ca} w af6f] kof] u u/L ef/t n} hfg nfluPsf] kx/Lsf] egfO 5 .

cfPsf] lyof] . ;f] daf/ a;] sf] dlGqkl/ifb\ a} 7sn] ef] lnb] lv nfdf] b"/ Lsf uf8L rnfpg lbg] lg0f{o u/] sf] xf] . ;/sf/sf kjQmf tyf k//fi6«dGqL kbLk 1jfnLn] d+unaf/ dlGqkl/ifb\ a} 7ssf lg0f{o ;fj{hlgs ub} { ;f] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] xf] . dGqL 1jfnLsf cg';f/ ;jf/L ;fwg rnfp“bf ef8f %) kltzt;Dd a9L

kf7\oj:t' ;dfof]hg 9f“rf :jLs[t z} lIfs ;q r} td} ;lsg] , j} slNks k7gkf7g ef] lnb] lv o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf 3f] / fxL, #) ebf} . sf] / f] gf efO/; sf] lj8–!( sf sf/0f k7gkf7g /f] lsP klg z} lIfs ;qsf] u0fgf eg] ut j} zfvaf6} x'g] / cfufdL r} td} ;lsg] u/L ;/sf/n] kf7\oj:t'' ;dfof] hg 9f“rf :jLs[t u/] sf] 3f] if0ff u/] sf] 5 . ljBfnodf kwfgfWofks, ljifo lzIfs / :yfgLo lj1sf] ;ldltaf6 d"NofÍg of] hgf agfpg ;Sg] u/L 9f“rf :jLs[t ul/Psf] lzIffdGqL lul//fhdl0f kf] v] nn] atfpg'eof] . d+unaf/ er{'cn k] ; ld6df pxf“n] ;f] 3f] if0ff ug'{ePsf] xf] . ljBfyL{sf] z} lIfs jif{sf] Iflt x'g glbg / j} slNks pkfosf] cjnDag ug{ ljBfyL{df kf7\oqmdn] tf] s] sf Go"gtd l;sfO pknlAwx¿ xfl;n x'g] u/L cfkm\gf] kl/j] z cg's"n l;Sg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{' cfjZos b] lvPsf] n] 9f“rf :jLs[t ul/Psf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . …kf7\oj:t'' ;dfof] hgsf nflu PsLs/0f, ;fd"lxsLs/0f, kfyldsLs/0fsf] l;4fGtnfO{ cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 . oL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df txut / ljifout¿kdf kToIf jf

j} slNks ljlwaf6 lzIfsn] ;xhLs/0f ug] { kf7\oj:t'' / lzIfssf] lgb] {zgdf j} slNks ljlw jf cGo JolQmsf] ;xof] uaf6 ;xhLs/0f ul/g] kf7\oj:t'' 5'6\ofpg] cfwf/;lxt gd"gf 9f“rf k:t't ul/Psf] 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] . kf7\oqmd ljsf; s] Gbsf dxflgb] {zs s] zj bfxfnn] z} lIfs ;qsf af/] df cGof] n x'g h?/L g/x] sf] pNn] v ub} { z} lIfs;q j} zfvaf6} z'? ePsf] / r} tdf ;lsg] atfpg'eof] . s] xL kfljlws sfd af“sL ePsfn] ;dfof] lht kf7\oqmd rf“8} ;fj{hlgs ul/g] s] Gbn] hgfPsf] 5 . o; cl3 ut ebf} !( ut] dGqL kf] v] nn] sf] lj8– !( sf sf/0f afnaflnsfsf] l;sfOdf k/] sf] c;/nfO{ ;Daf] wg ug{ ;/sf/n] kf7\oqmd ;+Zn] if0f ub} { j} slNks l;sfOnfO{ dfGotf lbg] lg0f{o u/] sf] ;fj{hlgs ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ef] ln c;f] h ! ut] b] lv j} slNks k7gkf7g z'? x'“b} 5 . sf] / f] gf ;+qmd0f sd ePsf] / ljBfyL{ sd ePsf lxdfnL tyf kxf8L lhNnfsf ufp“x?df eg] ljBfno g} ;~rfng ug] { tof/L yflnPsf] 5 . ljBfyL{sf] l;sfOsf] d"NofÍg kdf0fsf cfwf/df ug{'kg] { dfGotfdf

9f“rf lgdf{0f ePsf] eGb} dGqL kf] v] nn] ljBfyL{sf] d"NofÍg ubf{ s] cfwf/df ul/of] / s'g dfkb08df cÍg, >] 0fLs/0f / :t/f] Gglt ul/of] eGg] s'/ fdf lzIfs ;'lglZrt x'g'kg] { atfpg'eof] . cleefjs, ljBfyL{ / ;Da4 ;/f] sf/jfnfnfO{ klg o;sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'kg] { atfp“b} pxf“n] d"Nof+sgnfO{ j:t'lgi7, kfdfl0fs / u'0f:t/Lo agfpg] lhDd] jf/L lzIfssf] ePsf] pxf“n] :d/0f u/fpg'eof] . ;+qmd0fsfndf lzIfsn] kf7\ ok': tssf kf7 k9fP/ ;Sg] ljifodf cfwfl/t geO{ kf7\oqmddf cfwfl/t l;sfO pknlAwnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL l;sfOnfO{ kfyldstfdf /fv] / kf7\ oqmdn] tf] s] sf j} slNks ljlwsf] kof] usf nflu lzIfs lgb] {lzsf, tflnd Kofs] hsf] cWoog, cg'ejL lzIfs klzIfs;“u 5nkmn, :yfgLo lj1 JolQm;“usf] k/fdz{ / cWoog u/L dxfdf/Lsf] cj:yfdf ljBfyL{sf] l;sfOnfO{ kefjsf/L?kdf lg/Gt/tf lbg] ljlwsf] rog u/L kof] u ug'{kg] { dGqL kf] v] nn] atfpg'eof] . :yfgLo kl/j] z cg's"n l;sfOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf af“sL # k] hdf:

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t''n;Lk''/ , #) ebf} . ut cfly{s jif{ @)&^÷&& df e"" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/ If0fsf nflu bfª, af“s] , alb{of, Ko''7fg, /f] Nkf / ?s''dk"j{ u/L 5 lhNnfaf6 sl/j tLg;o of] hgf cfjb] g e"" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/ If0f sfof{no bfªdf k/] . h;dWo] sfof{non] cfjZostf / kfyldstfsf cfwf/df kb] z ;/sf/tkm{ ^* / ;+3Lo ;/sf/tkm{ @( j6f of] hgf ;DkGg u¥of] . ;] jf If] q w] / } / ah] 6 yf] / } x'“'bf sfof{non] dfusf cfwf/df of] hgfsf] sfd ug{ ;s] sf] ] 5} g .

5 lhNnfsf] sfd Pp6} sfof{non] x] g{'kg{] , ah] 6 klg yf] / } cfpg] ePsfn] of] hgf sfof{Gjog kefljt eO/x] sf] 5 . e" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/ If0fsf nflu cfjZostf / kfyldstfsf cfwf/df 5 lhNnfdf jif{] lg dfu a9\b} uO/x] klg ah] 6 cefjsf sf/0f dfusf cfwf/df of] hgf lgdf{0f ug{ g;lsPsf] sfof{no kd''v s[i0fk;fb kf} 8] nn] atfpg''eof] . pxf“n] eGg''eof] – …dfusf cfwf/dfeGbf CMYK

klg cfjZostf / kfyldstfsf cfwf/df of] hgf lgdf{0f eO/x] sf 5g\ . t/ e"" tyf hnfwf/sf] ;d:of 5 j6} lhNnfdf a9\b} uO/x] sf] 5 .Ú a9\bf] ] jg h+unsf] ljgfzn] jg h+un x/fp“b} hfg'', af9L klx/f] sf] hf] lvd a9\g', kfgLsf d'xfg ;'Sg'', v] tLof] Uo hldg s6fgdf kg{'nufotsf ;d:of a9\b} uO/x] sf] pxf“sf] egfO 5 .

:yfgLo;“u ;dGjo e"" tyf hnfwf/ sfof{non] bfª;lxt 5 lhNnfdf ;] jf k'¥ofp“b} cfO/x] sf] 5 . h;n] lhNnfsf :yfgLo tx / ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;dGjodf ;d:ofsf] klxrfg ub{} of] hgf lgdf{0fsf] sfd ul/g] kd''v kf} 8] nsf] egfO 5 . lhNnf– lhNnfdf sfof{no gx'“'bf :yfgLo tx / ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;dGjodf

;] jf k''¥ofpg] / hgtfsf] kx'“'rdf /x“b} cfO/x] sf] pxf‘“n] atfpg''eof] . pxf“n] eGg''eof] – …lhNnf–lhNnfdf sd{rf/L v6fp“b} :yfgLo tx / ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;dGjodf of] hgf ;+sng u/L sfd ub{} cfO/x] sf] 5f} + . h;n] of] hgf 5gf] 6 / lgdf{0fdf ;xhtf yk] sf] 5 .Ú tLa sfd :yfgLo:t/af6 dfu ul/Psf] of] hgfsf] ;+Vof w] / } eP klg ah] 6 cefjsf sf/0f ;a} of] hgf lgdf{0f ug{ g;s] klg ah] 6 k''Ug] of] hgfsf] sfd eg] sfof{non] tLa?kdf ub{} cfO/x] sf] 5 . ut cfly{s jif{df ;~rflnt (& j6f of] hgfx? ;DkGg eO;s] sfn] :yfgLo, :yfgLo tx / lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] cfk;L ;xof] udf sfof{non] tLatfsf ;fy of] hgf lgdf{0f ub{} x:tfGt/0f ul//x] sf] pxf“n] atfpg''eof] . kfyldstfsf cfwf/df of] hgf klxrfg / 5gf] 6 ub} { of] hgf lgdf{0fsf] sfd ul//x] sfn] of] hgf sfof{Gjogn] tLatf kfO/x] sf] pxf“n] hfgsf/L lbg''eof] . pxf“n] eGg''eof] – …;~rflnt of] hgfx?sf] sfddf l9nfO x''g] / /f] lsg] , ah] 6 lkmh x''g] ;d:of 5} g .Ú

emg–emg a9\b} ;+qmldt

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf 3f] / fxL, #) ebf} . bfªdf d+unaf/ yk @# hgfdf sf] / f] gf efO/;sf] ;+qmd0f k'li6 ePsf] 5 . ;+qmldt x'g] x?df 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfleqsf !@ hgf dlxnf / !! hgf k'?if /x] sf 5g\ . h;df 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf kf“rhgf sd{rf/Ldf ;d] t sf] / f] gf ;+qmd0f k'li6 ePsf] 5 .

Pshgf 8fS6/, Pshgf Ol~hlgo/, Pshgf clws[t / tLghgf sfof{no ;xof] uLdf sf] / f] gf efO/;sf] ;+qmd0f k'li6 ePsf] xf] . ;+qmldt ePsf sd{rf/Lx?df s'g} klg nIf0f 5} g . ;+qmldt ePsfx? j8f g+= !% sf !# hgf, j8f g+= !$ sf tLghgf, j8f g+= % sf Pshgf, j8f g+= ^ sf tLghgf, j8f g+= & / * sf Ps÷Pshgf /x] sf 5g\ .

of] ;“u} 3f] / fxLdf sf] / f] gf ;+qmldtsf] ;+Vof tLg ;o ** k'u] sf] 5 . ;+qmldt x'g] x?df ;ftb] lv ^) jif{ pd] / ;d"xsf JolQmx? /x] sf 5g\ . ;+qmldt JolQmx?sf] ;Dks{df cfPsf / Hj/f] cfPsf JolQmx?sf] s] xL lbg klxn] pkdxfgu/n] :jfa lnPsf] lyof] . lat] sf] @$ 306fdf (% j6f :jfa k/LIf0f ubf{ @# hgfdf sf] / f] gf b] lvPsf] xf] . 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/sf cem} %& hgfsf] :jfa k/LIf0f x'g af“sL /x] sf] /fKtL :jf:Yo lj1fg klti7fgn] hgfPsf] 5 . ylkPsf @# hgf;lxt bfªdf sf] / f] gf efO/;sf] ;+qmd0f x'g] JolQmsf] ;+Vof gf} ;o $@ k'u] sf] 5 . tL dWo] ;ft ;o $# hgf sf] / f] gfd'Qm eO;s] sf 5g\ . /fKtL :jf:Yo la1fg klti7fgdf cem} kf“r ;o %$ j6f :jfa k/LIf0f ug{ af“sL 5g\ .

t'n;Lk'/ ahf/df b'3{6gfsf] hf]lvd a9\of] q cf] k] Gb a:g] t t'n;Lk'/ , #) ebf} . bfªsf] t'n;Lk'/ ahf/df hyfefjL?kdf 3/ lgdf{0fsf ;fduL /fVbf b'3{6gfsf] hf] lvd a9] sf] 5 . ljleGg 7fp“af6 ahf/df ;fdfg lsgd] n ug{ cfpg] / ;jf/L ;fwgsf] a9L eL8ef8 x'g] d'Vo ahf/sf ;8sdf hyfefjL ;fdfg /fVbf b'3{6gfsf] hf] lvd;“u} ahf/sf] ;f} Gbo{tf ;d] t xf; cfPsf] 5 . ahf/sf ljleGg efudf 3/wgLx?n] 58, afn'jf, lu6\6L, 3/ ;] l6ªsf sf7, O“6f /fv] / wdfwd 3/ lgdf{0f ul//x] sf 5g\ . ahf/sf] d'Vo efu jLkLrf] s, jL/] Gbrf] s, ;Nofg /f] 8, ;'v] {t /f] 8nufot ahf/sf ;xfos ;8sx?df oqtq lgdf{0f ;fduL /flvPsf] 5 . s] xL 3/wgLsf] c6] / Ln] xl/ofnL, :jR5 ;kmf / ;'Gb/ t'n;Lk'/ sf] ;kgf af] s] sf] uLg t'n;Lk'/ SnLg t'n;Lk''/ cleofgsf] dfgdb{g u/] sf] 5 .

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cg'zf;g ePg M ;/;kmfO{ cleoGtf l/hfn otf uLg t'n;Lk'/ , SnLg t'n;Lk'/ sf cleoGtf ljdn l/hfnn] cg'zfl;t gePsf sf/0f o:tf ;d:ofx? af/Daf/ bf] xf] l/g] u/] sf] atfpg'eof] . …t'n;Lk'/ ahf/ ;fgf] 5 . o;nfO{ xfdLn] lrl6Ss kfg{ ;S5f} + . t/ xfdLdf cg'zf;g ePg . To;} n] ahf/ s'?k aGb} uof] Ú– cleoGtf l/hfnn] eGg'eof] – …o;sf nflu gu/kflnsf, j8f sfof{no / 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yfn] dfkb08 agfP/ cl3 a9\g cfjZos 5 .Ú 3/ cufl8 kmf] xf] / ug] {nfO{ kf“r ;ob] lv kf“r xhf/ ?k} of“;Dd hl/jfgf u/] ] sf] hfgsf/L lbb} cleoGtf l/hfnn] s8fO gubf{;Dd c6] / L ug] {nfO{ ;'wfg{ g;lsg] atfpg'eof] . ;hu x'g cfjZos M j8fWoIf zfx ;8sdf hyfefjL lgdf{0f ;fduL g/fVg k6s–k6s ;"rgf hf/L u/] klg s;} n] g6] / ] sf] %

g+= j8fWoIf jL/] Gbs'df/ ;fxn] u'gf;f] ug'{eof] . j8fsf] PSnf] kof;n] dfq} ;/;kmfOsf] s'/ f ;Dej gePsf] eGb} ;/;kmfO ;a} sf nflu ePsfn] gful/s klg ;r] t / ;hu x'g cfjZos /x] sf] atfpg'eof] . ns8fpgaf6 x] / ] sf 5} gf} + M jftfj/0f zfvf @)&# ebf} & ut] af6 t'n;Lk'/ df klxnf] k6s z'? ePsf] uLg t'n;Lk'/ SnLg t'n;Lk'/ cleofgnfO{ ;xof] u k'¥ofpg] t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf jftfj/0f dxfzfvf ;d] t of] ljifodf cgle1 5 . ns8fpgsf sf/0f ;do lbg g;s] sf] atfp“b} jftfj/0f zfvf kd'v sfh' zdf{n] sd{rf/L k7fP/ klxnf] k6s hfgsf/L lbg] / To;kl5 klg c6] / u/] df ;fdfg hkmt ug] { atfpg'eof] . …c? To:tf] s'g} sfg'g 5} gÚ– kd'v zdf{n] eGg'eof] – …hfgsf/L u/fP/ x6fpg nufpg] xf] . To;kl5 klg c6] / u/] kl5 hkmt u5f} +{ .Ú

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;+/rgf g} abNg'k5{ s'ndfg sfo{sfnsf] ;Gb]z rf/ jif{cl3 g] kfn ljB't kflws/0fsf] sfo{sf/L lgb] {zsdf lgo'Qm x'Fbf s'ndfg l3l;ªnfO{ s] xL g] tf / kflws/0fleqsf sd{rf/Lafx] s c?n] ;fob} lrGy] . rf/ jif] { sfo{sfn ;s] / labfO x'Fbf pxfF Pp6f JolQm xf] Og, ;+: yf / kj[lQsf] ?kdf :yflkt x'g'ePsf] 5 . pxfF Pp6f …cfOsgÚsf] ?kdf :yflkt x'Fb} kflws/0faf6 ljbfO x'g'ePsf] 5 . pxfF labfO x'Fb} ubf{ k'gM lgo'lQmsf] dfu ub} { ;fdflhs ;~hfn el/g'sf] sf/0f klg pxfFsf] ;kmn sfo{sfnsf] d"Nof+sg g} xf] . ;/sf/n] kflws/0fdf k'gM l3l;ªnfO{ bf] xf] ¥ofpF5 jf gofF JolQm NofpF5, Tof] ;/sf/sf] s'/ f xf] . kflws/0fdf gbf] xf] ¥ofP klg l3l;ªsf] s'zn g] t[Tjsnfsf] kmfObf lng cGo s'g} lhDd] jf/df /fV5 jf /fVb} g, Tof] klg ;/sf/sf] s'/ f xf] . t/ rf/ jif] { sfo{sfnsf] g] t[Tj ;s] / lxhf] l3l;ª ljbf x'Fb} ubf{ hg:t/af6 pxfFsf] sfdsf] h'g:t/sf] kz+;f eof] / k'gM lgo'lQmsf] dfu ul/of] , of] hgtfn] u/] sf] 7"nf] d"Nof+sg xf] . Tolt dfq xf] Og, g] kfndf w] / } If] qsf ;"rs lg/fzfhgs x'Fbfx'Fb} klg s'g} –s'g} If] qdf cfzf hufpg ;lsFbf] / x] 5 eGg] klg s'ndfg sfo{sfnn] b] vfPsf] 5 . s'ndfgsf] ;kmn g] t[Tj / hg:t/af6 ul/Psf] pRr d"Nof+sgn] g] kfndf /fdf] sfd ug] {x?sf nflu klg 7fpF 5 x} eGg] cfd ;Gb] z kjfx ePsf] 5, of] xfdf] 7"nf] ;DklQ xf] . g] kfn ;/sf/n] @)&# ;fn ebf} @( ut] pxfFnfO{ rf/ jif{sf nflu lgo'Qm u/] sf] lyof] , h'g lgo'lQm cl:t dfq} ;lsPsf] 5 / s'ndfgn] kflws/0faf6 ljbfO lng'ePsf] 5 . dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{osf cfwf/df pmhf{, hn;f] t tyf l;+rfO{ dGqfnon] pxfF;Fu kflws/0f ;'wf/sf ljleGg ;"rsf+sx¿ tof/ u/L sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf} tf u/] sf] lyof] . ;f] ;"rscg';f/ kflws/0fn] cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$ df **=!(, cfj )&$÷&% df *&=(*, cfj )&%÷&^ df *^=*@ / cfj @)&^÷&& df *&=%% kltzt ;kmntf kfKt u/] sf] 5 . jiff{tsf] ;dodf ;d] t ^ b] lv * 306f tyf lxpFbdf b} lgs !$ 306f;Dd nf] 8;] l8ª ug{'kg] { afWotfsf aLr lgo'Qm x'g'ePsf s'ndfgn] dGqfno;Fu u/] sf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf} tf dfq} k"/ f ug'{ePg, nf] 8;] l8ªnfO{ g] kfnL Oltxf;d} ;Lldt u/fOlbg'eof] . 7"nf] cfly{s 3f6fdf /x] sf] kflws/0f clxn] csNkgLo?kdf gfkmfdf k'u] sf] 5 . pxfFn] lhDd] jf/L ;Dxfn] sf] klxnf] cfly{s jif{df kflws/0f Ps ca{ $& s/f] 8 v'b gfkmf sdfpg ;kmn eof] eg] bf] >f] jif{ b'O{ ca{ *% s/f] 8, t] ;f] jif{ gf} ca{ *! s/f] 8 @% nfv / rf} yf] jif{df gfkmf a9] / !! ca{ kf“r s/f] 8 ?k} ofF k'u] sf] 5 . s'g} a] nf sd{rf/LnfO{ tna v'jfpg ;/sf/L cg'bfg dfUg'kg] { afWotfdf /x] sf] kflws/0f clxn] b] zs} ;kmn ;fj{hlgs ;+: yfgsf] ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . ljB't kflws/0fn] olt w] / } kult s;/L u¥of] < o;df olb, t/, tyflk h:tf zAbsf] kof] u g} cfjZos 5} g, kflws/0fn] s'zn g] t[Tj kfPsfn] of] ;+ej ePsf] xf] . sfo{sf/L lgb] {zsdf s'ndfg l3l;ª lgo'Qm ePkl5 b] z nf] 8;] l8ªd'Qm eof] eg] 8/nfUbf] 3f6fdf /x] sf] kflws/0f olt 7"nf] gfkmfdf k'Uof] . Pp6f ;fj{hlgs ;+: yfgn] s'zn g] t[Tj kfof] eg] s;/L sfofkn6 x'Fbf] / x] 5 eGg] of] hg–hgn] a'em] sf] oyfy{ xf] . !$ 306f nf] 8;] l8ª eO/x] sf] b] zdf nf] 8;] l8ª x6\g] lalQs} ljB't dx;'n a9\g' :jfefljs xf] . To;n] Psflt/ ;+: yfgnfO{ dfly p7fof] eg] csf] {lt/ cGwsf/df a:g afWo g] kfnL hgtf pHofnf] df /dfpg kfP . pHofnf] sf] cy{ aQL afNg' dfq xf] Og, pBf] uwGbf, snsf/vfgf ;a} lt/ ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g cfpFbf pTkfbg a[l4 eof] eg] /fHon] kfKt ug] { /fhZj klg :jtM a9\g] g} eof] . ljB't kflws/0fsf] ;kmntfsf] k[i7e"ld vf] Hbf tTsfnLg /fhgLlts g] t[Tjsf] klg dxTjk"0f{ of] ubfg 5 . tTsfnLg kr08 g] t[Tjsf] ;/sf/sf pmhf{dGqL hgfb{g zdf{n] klxn] sf dGqLx?eGbf yf] / } dfly p7\g] cfF6 gu/] sf] eP Psk6s kmflnPsf l3l;ª k'gM g] t[Tjdf cfpg ;+ej lyPg . tLg jif{leq nf] 8;] l8ª cGTo ug] { Ps dfq zt{df sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf} tf u/L sfo{sf/L lgb] {zs aGg'ePsf l3l;ªn] cfkm\gf] / tTsfnLg ;/sf/sf] dfq} zfv pFrf] agfpg'ePg, d'n'snfO{ cFWof/f] d'Qm agfpg'eof] / 6f6 klN6Psf] kflws/0fnfO{ caf} {+ gfkmfdf k'¥ofOlbg'eof] . To;} n] kflws/0fsf] ;kmntf ;fj{hlgs ;+: yfgsf] ?kfGt/0fsf nflu dfq xf] Og b] zs} nflu kf7 ag] sf] 5 . ;a} lt/ 3"; / ;] l6ªdf rln/x] sf] /fHooGqnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ s'zn / lgisn+s g] t[Tj rflxG5 eGg] slDtdf /fhgLlts g] t[Tjn] dfq a'em] klg b] z agfpg w] / } ;do nfUg] 5} g .

s;n] s] eg] < :yfgLo tx ;a} n] km/s–km/s z'Ns lgwf{/ f0f u¥of] eg] cj:yf s] xf] nf < lgb] {lzsfdf s;n] lng gkfpg] klg elgPsf] 5} g . ljBfno txdf cgnfOg jf cGo gfddf z'Ns lng' c;+j} wflgs xf] .

– 8f= u+ufnfn t'nfw/ -k"j{lzIfdGqL Pj+ g] kfn sDo"lgi6 kf6L{ -g] skf_ g] tf_ nIf0f ePsfx?sf] dfq k/LIf0f ug] { / gePsfx?sf] gubf{ klg km/s kb} {g t/ cfO;f] n] zgdf rflxF a:g'k5{ eGg] dGqfnosf] e;{g xf] .

– 8f= ;ld/ clwsf/L -:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnosf ;xkjQmf_ :qLlj/f] wL k/Dk/f;Fu lgx'F vf] Hg] dlxnfx? s] rfxG5g\ jf ltgn] s] rfxg'k5{ eGg] df ;aeGbf qmflGtsf/L tKsfsf k'?if;Dd :ki6 x'g g;Sg'sf] 3f6f xfdLn] slt~h] n a] xf] l//xg] < – ;l/tf ltjf/L -n] vs_ h;f] t;f] 3/] n' pkrf/ u/] / cln lgsf] ePsf] 5 . a] : ;/L 9f8 b'Vbf klg c:ktfn hfg 8/ nfUof] . klxn] 3/d} a;] la/fdL emg\ a9\5 ls eGg] nfUYof] . clxn] c:ktfn hfFbf /f] u ;fydf cfpF5 ls eGg] 8/ nfU5 .

– hd'gf ;'j] bL -d+un;] g gkf– % sL 9f8 b'Vg] ;d:of ePsL dlxnf_

g] kfndf ei6frf/ lgoGq0fnfO{ lnP/ a] nfavt uDeL/ kZgx? p7\5g\ . o:tf kZgx? ;/sf/, ei6frf/ lgoGq0fsf lglDt :yfkgf ul/Psf] ;+j} wflgs lgsfo, kzf;g nufot ljljw kIfx?;“u ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . p7\g] kZgx?sf] ;d'lrt pQ/ s;} n] lbPsf] kfOGg . of t o; ljifodf df} g al;G5 of t unt hjfkm lbOG5 . sltko kZgstf{x? t kltzf] wsf] lzsf/ klg x'G5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ ljleGg9+un] b'Mv lbOG5 . ei6frf/ lgoGq0fnfO{ /fHo :jo+n] pRr kfyldstf lbPsf] elgP klg Jojxf/df To:tf] cg'e"lt x'Gg . b[i6fGtx?n] ei6frf/ lgoGq0f x'g g;s] sf] oyfy{nfO{ g} b] vfp“5g\ . ei6frf/ emg kl5 emg df} nfp“b} 5 / d'n'ssf lglDt 8/nfUbf] /f] u aGb} 5 . g] kfndf ei6frf/sf] cf/De w] / } klxn] b] lv ePsf] xf] . j} lZjs ;Gbe{df x] g] { xf] eg] klg o;sf] nfdf] Oltxf; kfOG5 . @))& ;fndf g] kfndf nf] stGqsf] :yfkgf eof] t/ ei6frf/ Tof] eGbf klxn] klg lyof] . )& ;fnkl5 klg of] hLljt /x\of] . k~rfotsf] a] nfdf of] cem df} nfof] . b/af/ :jo+ ei6frf/df ;+nUg /x\of] . dflyNnf] txb] lv tn;Dd ei6frf/ qmdzM ;+: yfut eof] . lg/+s'z zf;g Joj:yfsf sf/0f ei6frf/sf 36gfx? hgtfsf dfemdf Jofks ?kdf cfpg ;s] gg\ . ei6frf/ ;fj{hlgs ug{ ;a} eGbf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf ;~rf/ dfWodx?n] lgefp“5g\ t/ ltgsf] clwsf/ klg s'l07t lyof] . t/ klg To;a] nfsf] ei6frf/nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug{ ldl8ofn] lgjf{x u/] sf] e"ldsfnfO{ la;{g ;lsGg . k~rfotsf] kl5Nnf] r/0fdf ei6frf/nfO{ Jofks?kdf ;fj{hlgs ug{ z'? ul/of] . /fhgLlts kf6L{, gful/s ;dfh, ldl8of / o;;“u ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o ;+: yfx? ;a} sf] o;df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x\of] . ei6frf/ lgoGq0fsf kof;x? To;a] nf klg ePsf lyP t/ tL b] vfj6L lyP . kl/0ffd:j?k ei6frf/ a9\b} uPsf] lyof] . ei6frf/ d"ntM To;a] nfsf] cfly{s, /fhgLlts, ;f+: s[lts Pj+ g} lts ;+/ rgf;“u ;DalGwt lyof] . k~rfotsf] cGTokl5 d'n's gof“ cWofodf kj] z u¥of] . nf] stGqsf] k'gM:yfkgf eof] . hgtfn] gof“ ck] Iff /fv] . ck] Iffx? :jfefljs klg lyP . ck] Iffx?df ei6frf/ lgoGq0f klg lyof] . t/ ei6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] pgLx?sf] ck] Iff k"/ f x'g ;s] g . of] a9\b} uof] . ljutsf 36gfx? klg la;f{pg] u/L ei6frf/sf sf08x? aflx/ cfP . ;fgf–;fgf 36gf

klt:kwf{ / d'gfkmf s] lGbt cy{/ fhgLlts ;+/ rgf, cg'lrt tl/sfn] cfh{g ug] { s'/ fnfO{ j} w / hfoh 7fGg] ;f+: s[lts / g} lts l:ylt, wgnfO{ ;jf] {Rr :yfg kbfg ug] { ;fdflhs b[li6sf] 0f cflb ei6frf/;“u ;"Id?kn] hf] l8Psf 5g\ . ;du /fHo kzf;g o;af6 o;/L cfqmfGt 5 ls ei6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] s'/ f kfoM hf] s h:tf] nfU5 .

b[li6sf]0f

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/ o;;“u ;DalGwt ;fgf dflg;x? a] nfavt cg';Gwfgsf] bfo/fdf cfP klg 7"nf dflg;x? sf/jfxLaf6 hf] luP . ;fgfnfO{ P] g / 7"nfnfO{ r} gsf] l:ylt aGof] . ei6frf/ lgoGq0f ug] { :jtGq elgPsf lgsfo k+u' ag] , agfOP . sfo{sf/Lsf] x:tIf] k o:tf 7fp“x?df a9\of] . :jtGq elgPsf] Gofokflnsf ;d] t o;af6 d'Qm ePsf] kfOGg . ei6frf/ lgoGq0f ug] { lgsfox? g} ei6frf/af6 kefljt x'g z'? u/] . /fHo eGg] Pp6f / ug] { csf] { ;+: yfsf ?kdf ab\ gfd x'g yfNof] . kl/jt{gkl5sf] of] b[Zo ;f“lRrs} lj8DagfTds lyof] . o;af6 kl/jt{gsf lglDt ;+3if{ u/] / cfPsf /fhgLlts kf6L{x?dfly g} kZg p7\g z'? u¥of] . x'g klg nf] stGqsf] :yfkgf ePsf] !@ jif{sf] cjlwdf ;/sf/df /x] sf s} of} + g] tf / /fHosf ljleGg lgsfodf /fhgLlts lgo'lQm kfP/ sfd u/] sf s} of} + dflg;sf] hLjgdf 7"nf] cfly{s kl/jt{g b] vf k¥of] . ;fdfGo dflg;af6 tL gjwgf9\osf] >] 0fLdf plSnP . /fHoaf6 kfOg] j} wflgs tnaeQfaf6 dfq o:tf] cfly{s kl/jt{g ;Dej lyPg . kltzf] wdf k/] sfb] lv afx] s o:tf dflg;x? sf/jfxLsf] bfo/fdf slxNo} cfPgg\ . g pgLx?sf] klti7fd sdL cfof] g t pgLx?sf] cl3lNt/sf] ofqfdf g} lj/fd nfUof] . tL kf6L{df, /fhgLltdf / ;dfhdf ;bfaxf/ g} /x] . cfnf] rgf ug] {x?sf] l:ylt …xfQL lx8\b} u5{ s's'/ e'Sb} u5{Ú h:tf] eof] . ;+3Lo nf] stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfkl5 s] xL jif{ d'n's hl6n ;+qmd0faf6 u'lhof] . Ps lsl;dsf] ;+qmd0f clxn] klg 5“b} 5 . ljutsf kl/jt{gx?sf t'ngfdf dxTjk"0f{ kl/jt{g ePsfn] hgck] Iff a9\g' :jfefljs lyof] . hgck] Iffsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ If] q ei6frf/ lgoGq0f klg xf] . ei6frf/sf sf/0f sdhf] / ag] sf] d'n'ssf hgtfn] o:tf] ck] Iff /fVg' cGoyf lyPg .

t/ hgtfn] cfkm\gf] ck] Iff k"/ f ePsf] kfO/x] sf 5} gg\ . hgck] Iff / oyfy{ a] Unf a] Un} 5g\ . ei6frf/df sdL cfh klg cfPsf] 5} g . o;sf] lgoGq0fsf] bfloTj af] s] sf lgsfox? cfkm} kZgx?sf] 3] / fdf 5g\ . ;/sf/ :jo+ cfnf] lrt x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . kZg / cfnf] rgf cg'lrt klg 5} gg\ . ei6frf/ emg\ emg\ ;+: yfut x'“b} uPsf] 5 . lg;Gb] x, ei6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ ;do nfU5, t/ To;sf /fdf ;+s] tx? b] lvg'k5{ . z'e;+s] t hgtfn] clxn] ;Dd b] Vg kfPsf 5} gg\ . pgLx?sf] u'gf;f] s'g} Pp6f 7fp“klt dfq geP/ ;a} klt 5 . o;n] pgLx?df lg/fzf / cfqmf] z b'a} a9fPsf] kfOG5 . gof“ kl/l:yltdf ei6frf/ lgoGq0fsf If] qdf z'e;+s] tx? b] lvg'kYof] { . hgtfdf cfzfsf] ;~rf/ x'g'kYof] { . o;sf] c;/ ;a} lt/ ;sf/fTds kYof] { . t/ pN6} ;DalGwt lgsfox? emg\ cfnf] lrt x'g yfn] . ei6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ :yfkgf ul/Psf] ;+j} wflgs lgsfo g} cfnf] rgfsf] lgzfgf aGg yfNof] . clVtof/nfO{ lnP/ s] xL lbg klxn] d'n'ssf b'O{ dxTjk"0f{ b} lgs klqsfx?n] g} s] xL ;fduLx? k:t't u/] . o;n] cfhsf] clVtof/, o;sf] rl/q / e"ldsfsf af/] df w] / } s'/ f eG5 . s'/ f clVtof/sf] dfq xf] Og, c?sf] klg xf] . ;/sf/d} o; ljifodf sdhf] / Lx? /x] kl5 c?sf] s] s'/ f ug'{ < xfdf] h:tf] d'n'sdf ;+j} wflgs lgsfox? w] / } xfQLsf b] vfpg] bf“t h:tf x'g] /x] 5g\ . sfo{sf/Lsf] 5fofdf ltgsf] :jtGq elgg] cl:tTj To;} –To;} d'emf{p“bf] /x] 5 . tL nfrf/ 5fof“df ablnbf /x] 5g\ . csf{lt/ ;a} lt/ JofKt ePsf] bJodf] xsf sf/0f …sfn] –sfn] ldn] / vfp“ efn] Ú eGg] l:ylt aGbf]/x]5 . o:tf] eP kl5 sf] af] Ng] < lsg af] Ng] < clVtof/n] 7"nfnfO{ lsg ;dfTb} g < ;fgf dfq lsg ;dfltG5g\ < pm lgoGq0fdf lsg sdhf] / 5 < cem ToxL lgsfoleqs} sltko JolQm ei6frf/df lsg ;+nUg

x'G5g\ < oL ;a} kZgsf] pQ/ dflys} ;Gbe{df vf] Hg'k5{ . ;a} p:t} –p:t} ePkl5 x'g] o:t} xf] . nf] sdfg h:tf clVtof/sf] kd'v s;/L aGg k'u] < lsg aGg k'u] < s] pgsf] ctLt / pgsf] rl/qaf6 pgnfO{ Toxf“ k'¥ofpg] x? cgle1 lyP < oL kZgx?sf] pQ/ s;n] lbg] < nf] sdfg clVtof/ k'u] kl5 s] –s] u/] w] / } nfO{ yfxf 5 . cfkm} nfO{ lgNnfem} + ug{ yfn] kl5 dfq nUg] x?sf] 3} 6f} +df 3fd nfUof] . To;kl5 s] eof] of] klg ;a} nfO{ yfxf 5 . nf] sdfg c? sf] xL lyPgg\, xfd} …l;:6dÚsf pTkfbg lyP . nf] sdfg ks/0fn] w] / } s'/ f eG5 xfdf] km] l/g g;s] sf] dfgl;stfaf/] . gjLg l3ld/] klg s;} af6 Toxf“ k'¥ofOPs} dflg; lyP . pgn] rfx] / klg w] / } s] ug{ ;Sy] / Û csf{lt/ ug] { rfxgf klg lyPg . ;gftg9+un] ;xof] uL ag] / } ljbf x'g pgn] ?rfP . sf/jfxLdf kg{ gx'g] ;fgf sd{rf/L klg sf/jfxLdf k/] / cfTdxTof;Dd ug{ k'u] . 7"nf hlt kfoM ;a}n] r} gsf] ;f; km] / ] . lgbf] {ifsf] d[To' / bf] ifLnfO{ pGd'Qm 5f] 8] sf] kZrftfk hLjgsf] k'5f/lt/ pgnfO{ slt x'g] xf] yfxf 5} g t/ clxn] pgdf s'g} UnfgLaf] w / kL8f b] lvGg . ei6frf/sf af/] df ljZjdf uDeL/ cWoog, n] vg / ljdz{x? ePsf 5g\ . ei6frf/ a9\g'sf k5fl8 v/fa ;/sf/, kf/blz{tfsf] sdL, hjfkmb] lxtfsf] cefj, sdhf] / gful/s ;dfh, lg/LIf0fsf] sdL, yf] / } tna ;'ljwf, k'/ :sf/ / b08sf] ;d'lrt Joj:yfsf] cefj cflb h:tf sf/0fx?nfO{ cf} +Nofpg] ul/G5 . oL sf/0fx?nfO{ kG5fpg ;lsGg t/ oltdfq kof{Kt 5} g . ei6frf/nfO{ cfly{s, /fhgLlts, ;f+: s[lts Pj+ g} lts ;+/ rgfx?leq} x] g'{k5{ . j} lZjs?kdf x] bf{ klg oyfy{ oxL xf] . clwgfosjfbLb] lv pbf/jfbL nf] stGq ckgfPsf d'n'sx?;Dddf ei6frf/ ljBdfg 5 . km/s dfqfsf] dfq xf] . ei6frf/ Toxf“sf] ;du ;+/ rgf;“u} hf] l8Psf] 5 . klt:kwf{ / d'gfkmf s] lGbt cy{/ fhgLlts ;+/ rgf, cg'lrt tl/sfn] cfh{g ug] { s'/ fnfO{ j} w / hfoh 7fGg] ;f+: s[lts / g} lts l:ylt, wgnfO{ ;jf] {Rr :yfg kbfg ug] { ;fdflhs b[li6sf] 0f cflb ei6frf/;“u ;"Id?kn] hf] l8Psf 5g\ . ;du /fHo kzf;g o;af6 o;/L cfqmfGt 5 ls ei6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] s'/ f kfoM hf] s h:tf] nfU5 . ei6frf/ lgoGq0fsf lglDt cGo kof;x? cfjZos 5g\ t/ kxf/ ;+/ rgfdf ug'{k5{ . ei6frf/nfO{ dnhn x'g] ;+/ rgfleq ei6frf/ lgoGq0f s;/L x'G5 / <

b'ef{Uo † efif0f ubf{ cd[tsf] jiff{ u/fpg] n] Jojxf/df hf“bf ljifkfg u/fPh:tf] b] vfof] – cfTdxTof ug{] , ef] s 6fg{] { 7fp“ vf] Hb} lx8\g] / dxfdf/Lsf a] nfdf klg d'Unfg bu'g{] sf] tf“tLn] . ah] 6sf] vf] nf] tnlt/ aufP/ pknlAwsf] vf] hL ug{ n] slt/ wfPh:tf] x'g uof] . cfjZostf Psflt/, vr{ csf] {lt/ ul/of] . aaf{bLsf] af6f] 5f] 8] / cfjfbLlt/ gnfUg] xf] eg] emg\ w] / } b'u{lt Joxf] g{'kg] { eof] . psfnf] nfUg vf] Hbf cf] / fnf] eml/of] . o:tf] lsg ul/of] < sf] / f] gf efO/;sf] dxfdf/Lsf sf/0f %% xhf/ tLg ;o @( ;+qmldt x'“bf #( xhf/ kf“r ;o &^ hgf lgsf] ePsf 5g\ . d[tssf] ;+Vof hDdf tLg ;o ^) k'u] sf] 5 ljut cf7 dlxgfdf . /f] syfdsf nflu !% ca{eGbf a9L ;/sf/L ah] 6 vr{ eO;s] sf] 5 . t/ /f] lsg] ;Defjgf 5} g . lsgls sf] / f] gfsf] cf} iflw ag] sf] 5} g . tTsfn aGg] ;Defjgf klg b] lvb} g . slxn] aG5 < Tof] klg yfxf 5} g . yfxf gePsf s'/ fsf kl5 nfUbf kfxf k5fl/Pem} k5fl/g'k¥of] . g] kfn kx/Lsf] tYof+s cg';f/ klg )&^ r} t !! ut] b] lv )&& ;fpg $ ut] ;Dd b'O{ xhf/ b'O{ ;o !* g] kfnLn] cfTdxTof ul/;s] sf /x] 5g\ . ut ;fpg dlxgfdf dfq} cfTdxTof ug] {sf] ;+Vof ;ft ;o gf} /x] 5 . hf/L cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] dlxgfsf] cf“s8fn] b} lgs @@ hgfn] cfTxTof u/] sf] b] vfPsf] 5 . Psflt/ cf“wL csf] {lt/ emf] n'Ëf] ePkl5 x'g] glthf o:tf] xf] . ljZjdf a9L cfTdxTof ug] { b] zx?df g] kfn ;ftf} + :yfgdf /x] 5 ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf cg';f/ . of] jif{ a9L cfTdxTof x'g'df sf] / f] gf efO/;sf] dxfdf/L kd'v sf/0f /x] sf] dgf] lrlsT;sx?n] atfpg] u/] sf 5g\ . &( kltzt cfTdxTof lgDg tyf dWod cfo ePsf d'n'sx?df x'g] ub{5 . lgif] wf1f, aGbfaGbL, a] / f] huf/L, ef] sd/L, lg/fzf, ;'lglZrt / ;'/ lIft eljiosf] cefj, eo, ;fdflhs bafa cflbn] hLjgkltsf] df] x gx'g' :jfefljs} xf] . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfdf ;/sf/sf] Wofg stf hfg'kYof] { / xfdL stf hf“b} 5f+} < sf] / f] gf efO/;sf] dxfdf/LeGbf 7"nf] t ef] sd/L / a] / f] huf/Ln] lgDTofPsf]

cfTdxTof ePsf] kdf0f k:t't tYof+sn] g} lbof] . nufgL t ef] sd/L / a] / f] huf/L x6fpglt/ kf] ug'{kg] { /x] 5 ;/sf/n] . sf] / f] gfsf] xNnfvNnf ug] { :jb] zL tyf ljb] zL uNnfjfn a9L x'gfn] ;/sf/L nufgL klg pt} lt/ ;f] lemof] . cIfDo uNtL eof] . df} ;d ablnP;“u} ?3f, vf] sL / Hj/f] sf] ksf] k t x/] s jif{ cfp“Yof] / hfGYof] . dfG5] n] cf–cfkm\gf 7fp“cg';f/ ;f] Tofg, emfD6] / cf“7] eGy] .

To;} sf] cln rsf] { / csf] { ?k /x] 5 of] . c? a9L s] xL xf] Og /x] 5 . t/ klg lgof] lht ljb] zL xNnfn] xf] z xjf; p8fof] / u[xaGbL agfof] . dfly cfsfzdf rLn cfPsf] xNnf km} nfP/ tn vf] / sf s'v'/ f rf] g] { 5§' :ofnsf] x'Oofn] ;vfk kf¥of] . ;j{: j x¥of] . sf7df8f+} sf] v'nfd~rdf lgMz'Ns vfgf vfg hfg] / xft–d'v hf] g] { pkfo ge] 6] / ef/tlt/} wfpg] g] kfnLsf] nsf] {n] cfkm} atfPsf] 5 . cfTdxTof ug{ g;s] sfx?sf] Tof] x[boljbf/s b[Zo lsg tLgj6} ;/sf/n] b] Vg ;s] gg\ / ljsNk vf] h] gg\ < lgMz'Ns vfg vfg] 7fp“ vf] Hb} lx8\g] tL ef] sf / o:tf] dxfdf/Lsf a] nfdf klg d/] pt} d/f} +nf eg] / ef/tlt/ z/0f dfUg] g] kfnLsf nflu g] kfndf ;/sf/ x'g' / gx'g'sf] cy{ /x] g . ;+3Lotf, u0ftGq, ;+ljwfg, wd{lg/k] Iftf cflb OToflbsf] pkfb] otf b] lvPg, st} e] l6Pg . ax'/ fli6«o lgud / ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn] eg] sf] cfb] z kfng ug{'kbf{ sf] / f] gfsf sf/0f h'g d[tssf] ;+Vof b] vfOPsf] 5, unt 5 Tof] klg . c? /f] u / sfnultn] d/] sfsf] klg lkl;cf/ k/LIf0f u/] / tLg ;o ^) k'¥ofOPsf] xf] . ltgLx?sf] d/0f sf] / f] gfs} sf/0f ePsf] x} g, 5} g . ljb] zLsf] cfb] z dfGbf ljhf] u eof] . a] xfn b] lvof] . /f] lsof] ;\ of] ;a} lgof] lht gf6s / g] kfnLnfO{ ljb] lzg afWo gkfl/of] ;\ . ef] s 6fg{lt/ nfluof] ;\ klxn] . ;dod} ;f] r] / ;xL lb;flt/ ah] 6 vr{ ul/of] ;\ . sf] / f] gfsf s'/ f cfjZostf eGbf w] / } eP .

To;} n] t cfTdxTof u/fof] . cfGtl/s / afx\o abgfdL klg a9fof] . cfkm\g} b] zdf s] xL ug{, kfv'/ f ahf/] / dg{ eg] / 3/ kms] {/ cfp“bf klg g] kfn l5g{ h'g cfkt

lyof] lxhf] , ljb] zL e"ldd} d/f} +nf a? eg] / d'Unfg k:g vf] Hbf klg p:t} dxfef/t 5 cfh . ef/tLo l;dfgfdf b] lvg] g] kfnLsf] nsf] {n] g lxhf] OHht wfg] sf] lyof] , g cfh g} wfg] sf] 5 . o:tf] ljb'k b[Zo b] Vg xfdf] ;Qfsf] dgn] s;/L dfg] sf] 5 < ;dfrf/df cfPsf] s'/ f ;To xf] olb eg] emngfy vgfn klti7fgnfO{ ;k{ kfNg &@ s/f] 8 lbg] / dxfjL/ k'gsf] /fli6«o cflj:sf/ s] GbnfO{ &@ ?k} of“ klg glbg] sfd lgGbgLo 5 . s'ndfg l3l;ªsf sfdsf] ;Ddfg gx'g' / gof“ ;DwL vf] lhg' klg v] bhgs 5 . cgfjZos Eo"6fj/ lgdf{0fsf nflu eg]hlt ah] 6 e] l6g', lgjf{rg If] q ljsf; sfo{qmdsf nflu ah] 6sf] cefj gx'g', ;DdfggLo / dfggLox?sf] ofqf rnfpg cTofw'lgs ;'ljwf;DkGg ;jf/L ;fwg vl/b ug{ klg ah] 6 k'Ug' t/ ef] sf g] kfnLn] Ps5fs k] 6 eg{sf nflu ah] 6 gx'g' b'Mvb dfq} x} g, cfqmf] lzt kfg] { vfnsf] 5 . cfqmf] zsf] cfuf] n] pu?k glnb} ;f] lrPg, ljsNk vf] lhPg eg] w] / } s'/ f hnfpg ;S5 . tf;sf kQfdf l6s] sf] ;Qfsf] dxn 9nfpg ;S5 . ;+;f/sf w] / } 7"nf ;fdfHo To;} 9n] sf x} gg\ ljutdf . sfd / dfd gkfPsf] x/] s dfG5] ad aGg ;S5 . ad aGg afWo gkfl/of] ;\ . lxhf] sf] ;Qf;Lg g] kfnL sf+u] ; / cfhsf] ;Qf;Lg g] skfsf cfGtl/s snx / kb kflKtsf] n'5fr'“8Ln] pgLx?s} sb 36fPsf] 5 xb gf£gfn] . c? bnx?n] klg of] dxfdf/Lsf a] nfdf ahfPsf] dfbnsf] w'g >j0fLo /x] g . s;} n] klg hgtfsf] kIfdf s'g} lg0f{o u/] g / Jojxf/df ptf/] g . s'g} kf6L{sf g] tf / sfo{stf{x?n] hgtfsf] ;] jfdf ;dlk{t eP/ dg lhTg] sfd u/] gg\ . cfkm} pbfx/0f ag] / b] vfPgg\ . To;} n] klg /fhgLlt hgtfaf6 6fl9Psf] 5 . gfhfoh cfocfh{gn] 9fl8Psf] 5 . g] tfx?df /x] sf] k/hLjLkg sfo{stf{df klg ;/] sf] 5 .

To;} n] t ug'{ gug'{ u/] sf] 5 . /fxt / p4f/df x'g] 3f] 6fnf To;} sf pkh x'g\ . ljsf; / lgdf{0fsf sfddf ljlgof] lht ah] 6df sldzgsf] af“8kmF‘“8 gldn] / sfd} x'g ;Sb} gg\ . bnx?sf] efuj08f c+zj08fsf

u

gf/fo0fk;fb kf} 8] n

a] nfdf 5'l§g] bfh'–efOn] l;nf} 6f] / hf“tf] kmf] 8] / , ;'kf] / 8fnf] sf6] / af“8] em} nfU5 . o:tf] bnLo rl/qn] s'g b] z psfnf] nfU5 < nfUb} g . ;DkGg aG5 < aGb} g . To;} n] klg kult gePsf] xf] . dfG5] n] csfnd} Hofg u'dfpg / ljb] z knfog x'g'k/] sf] xf] . kfoM ;a} bnsf lhNnf:t/;Ddsf g] tfx? s'g} g s'g} dflkmofsf kx/] bf/ 5g\ eGg] cf/f] kdf ;To xf] nf . t:s/ x'g\ jf 7] s] bf/, sfnf Jofkf/L x'g\ jf ;/sf/L jf u} / ;/sf/L ;+: yfsf sf/f] jf/L, s'g} wd{ jf ;Dkbfosf krf/s, ljrf} lnof, bnfnsf] sfd u/] / dfnfdfn x'g] hdfgf /x] 5 of] . cfkm"n] >d gug] { / c?n] u/] sf] klg g;xg] . cfTdlge{/ x'g'eGbf k/lge{/ ag] / /dfpg] . v] t–af/L af“em} /fv] / cfoftLt cGg / t/sf/L vf] Hg] , dflns x'g 5f8] / u'nfd aGg] af6f] /f] Hg] . To:t} nfO{ xf] ljb] zLn] shfpg] klg . 3/sf] eGbf k/sf] wGbfdf /dfpg] x?n] ubf{ xf] cfkt cfOnfu] sf] klg . v'?v'? vf] l/of kmf“8] / a:g] , ;x/ gk:g] , sf] bfnf] vGg] / xnf] hf] Tg] , ufp“df a;] / ufO{–e} +;L kfNg] , v] t–af/Ldf uf] a/dn xfn] / cfkm} n] cGg pAhfP/ vfg] nfO{ s] xL ePs} 5} g . ufp“3/df kfOg] h8La'6Ln] cf} ifwf] krf/ ug] { / dxfdf/L 6fg] {nfO{ klg 5f] Psf] 5} g . clxn] klg *) jif{ kf/ u/] sf ufp“sf a[4– a[4fnfO{ uP/ ;f] Wg] xf] eg] pgLx? 8/fPsf] b] lvb} g . tyfslyt cfw'lgs / k9] –n] v] sf] , b] z–ljb] z a'em] sf] eg] sf] dfG5] dfq} xNnfn] xlNnPsf] 5 . To;} df /lNnPsf] 5 ;/sf/ klg . To;} n] dfq} lkmhfPsf] 5 sf] / f] gfsf] ss{; / kb"lift Wjlg . npaudelg@gmail.com

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(Sep 16, 2020)

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Ps 6f] nL df:s ljt/0fdf nfUof] eg] csf{] 6f] nL :oflg6fOh/ lbg . clg o;/L hDdf ePsf JolQm g] kfnL sf+u] ; kl/Tofu u/L g] kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g] skf_ df kj] z ug{ cfPsf lyP . g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf k"j{If] qLo ;lrj tyf xfn g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf If] qLo kltlglw ef] u] Gb l;+x /fhk'tsf] g] t[Tjdf tLg ;o a9L JolQm g] skfdf kj] z u/] sf 5g\ . r'gfjL ;efsf] emNsf] lbg] u/L kf6L{ kj] z u/] sfx?n] g] kfnL sf+u] ;leq r/d lyrf] ldrf] /x] sfn] Tof] kf6L{ 5f8] / g] skfdf kj] z u/] sf] atfPsf 5g\ . …kf6L{n] k6s–k6s bdg / zf] if0f afx] s s] xL ug{ ;s] g . ha hgtfsf] cfjZostf k¥of] ta kof] u u¥of] Ú– g] kfnL sf+u] ; kl/Tofu u/L g] skfdf kj] z u/] sf ef] u] Gbn] eGg'eof] – …cem} dg tfGg] sf] l;; ul/b} 5 . ca dg tflgb} g .

Pp6f cf“wLj] x] / L l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .Ú /fhk'/ df ePsf] sfo{qmddf ef] u] Gb;lxt, wgaxfb'/ cf] nL, 7fu'/ fd rf} w/Lnufotsf cu'jf g] skfdf kj] z ug{'ePsf] xf] . g] skf /fhk'/ ufp“kflnsf sld6Lsf cWoIf rqmaxfb'/ v8\sf -lzv/_ sf] cWoIftf tyf g] skfsf s] GbLo ;b:o

tyf bfª lhNnf O~rfh{ hLjg uf} tdsf] kd'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf] wg ub} { uf} tdn] gjkj] zLx?nfO{ kf6L{n] Ifdtf / bIftfsf] cfwf/df plrt lhDd] jf/L lbg] klta4tf JoQm ug{'eof] . …;fdGtjfbsf] cjz] if cem} af“sL 5 . To;sf] cGTosf nflu xfdL Ps eP/ wSsf lbg h?/L 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …/fhk'/ sf] d'Vo ;d:of e"ldsf] xf] . oxf“sf] e"ld;DaGwL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ s] Gbaf6 sfd z'? ePsf] 5 .Ú g] kfn ;+: s[t ljZj ljBfnosf] hldgdf a:b} cfPsf ls;fgnfO{ clwsf/ lbg ;/sf/n] sfd ul//x] sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . o:t} g] skfsf s] GbLo ;b:o tyf kltlglw;ef ;b:o d] 6dl0f rf} w/Ln] ljleGg axfgfdf hgtfdfly cem} zf] if0f ug{] sfd eO/x] sf] eGb} To;sf] cGTosf nflu ;/sf/n] of] hgfa4 sfo{qmd Nofpg yfn] sf] atfpg'eof] . …cem} b] jL b] jtf, d7, dlGb/sf] gfddf hgtfnfO{ zf] if0f ug{] sfd eO/x] sf] 5 . To;sf] cGTosf] nflu sfg'g lgdf{0f ug] { sfd eO/x] sf] 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …e"ldsf] :jfldTj hgtfn] kfpg] u/L sfd x'“b} 5 .Ú g] skfsf kb] z ;lrjfno ;b:o tyf kb] z;ef ;b:o /] jtL/d0f zdf{n]

b"/ljg ljlwaf6 lkzfj y}nL, lk;fjgnL / lkQ y}nLsf] kTy/Lsf] ck/]zg ;]jf ca bLkHof]lt xl:k6n bfª kf=ln= 3f]/fxLdf jl/i7 ;h{g 8f= >Lhg clwsf/Låf/f b"/ ljg ljlwaf6 lk;fa y} nL, lk;fa gnL] , lkQ y} nLsf] kTy/Lsf] / Pk] G8L;fOl6;, xlg{of, xfO8«f] l;n, kfoN;, cflb ;d:ofsf] b} lgs?kdf r] shfFr tyf ck/] zg eO/xsf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . xfdf ;]jfx?M l jl/i7 afn /f]u ljz]if1 8f= s[i0f xl/ ;'j]bLåf/f b}lgs?kdf aRrfx?sf] r]shfFr tyf eg{f ;]jf l jl/i7 lkmlhl;og 8f= ldgrGb clwsf/Låf/f :qma 6fOkm;, 8]+u', dn]l/of, 6fOkmfO8, dw'd]x, yfO/fO8, k]6, 5ftL, d'6' pRr /Qmrfk, OToflbsf] r]shfFr tyf egf{ ;]jf . l jl/i7 k;"lt tyf :qL /f]u ljz]if1 8f= cg'kdf zdf{åf/f b}lgs?kdf k;"lt ;]jf, dlxnfx?sf] tNnf] k]6 b'Vg], 9f8 b'Vg], ;'/lIft ue{ktg, kf7]3/df df;' knfPsf], kf7]3/sf] SofG;/, dlxnfx?sf] lk;fa;DaGwL ;d:ofnufot cGo ljleGg ;d:ofx?sf] r]shfFr tyf ck/]zg ;]jf . l jl/i7 xf8hf]gL{ tyf g;f /f]u ljz]if1 8f= lxdfGz' zfxå/f b}lgs?kdf xftv'§f efFlrPsf], Knfi6/ ug'{kg{], z/L/ emdemdfpg], b'Vg], o'l/s Pl;8, x8\8L lvOPsf], 9f8 sDd/ b'Vg] ;d:ofx? ePsf] la/fdLx?sf] b}lgs?kdf r]shfFr tyf ck;]g ;]jf . l jl/i7 /]l8of]nf]lhi6 8f= cdl/z rf}w/Låf/f lel8of] PS;/] -USG_ k]6, 3fF6L, :tg / c08sf]if cflb ue{df /x]sf] aRrfsf] lj:t[t hfFr, PS;/],USG Doppler,I.V.U. / USG ;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ;Dk"0f{ hfFr cGo ;]jfx? l rf}lj;} 306f d]l8sn clkm;/ 8f= pk]Gb kf}8]nåf/f Odh]G;L ;]jf l OG8f]:sf]kL ;]jf l kmf]6f]y]/fkL ;]jf l l8nS; Sofljg ;lxtsf] eg{f ;]jf l rf}lj;} 306f cTofw'lgs Nofa ;]jf l rf}lj;} 306f kmfd]{;L ;]jf l rf}lj;} 306f lkmlhof]y]/fkL ;]jf l rf}lj;} 306f PDa'n]G; ;]jf

gf]6M kmf]gaf6 klg gfd btf{ ul/G5 .

bLkHof]lt xl:k6n bfª kf=ln= 3f]/fxL–!%, bfª kmf]gM )*@–%^!@((

egf{ v'Nof] Û egf{ v'Nof] ÛÛ egf{ v'Nof] ÛÛÛ kfljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\ (CTEVT) af6 ;DaGwg kfKt /fKtL Ol~hlgol/ª sn]h 3f] / fxL–!^ ;fgLcDafk'/ ;/f{, bfªdf z} lIfs jif{ @)&&÷)&* sf] nflu lgDg sfo{qmdx?df egf{ v'Nof] . # jif]{ l8Knf]dftkm{ -l;6 ;+VofM $*_ lk–l8Knf]dftkm{ -l;6 ;+VofM $)÷$)÷$)_ l l8Knf]df Og sDKo"6/ Ol~hlgol/ª l lk–l8Knf]df Og l;len Ol~hlgol/ª -sDKo"6/ cf]e/l;o/_ l lk–l8Knf]df Og On]lS6«sn Ol~hlgol/ª cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]UotfM ul0ft l lk–l8Knf]df Og ;e]{ -cldg_ Ol~hlgol/ª / lj1fg ljifodf C / c+u]hL ljifodf D+ u]8 cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]UotfM kmf/fd ljt/0fM @)&& efb @^ ut]b]lv h'g;'s} u]8df P;=O{=O{= k/LIff pQL0f{ kmf/fd ljt/0fM @)&& efb #) ut]b]lv kmf/fd a'emfpg] clGtd ldltM kmf/fd a'emfpg] clGtd ldltM @)&& c;f]h !( ut];Dd @)&& c;f]h !% ut];Dd

;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ 7luPsf] j:tL, ;d'bfonfO{ nlIft u/] / kb] z ;/sf/n] of] hgfa4 sfd ul//x] sf] atfpg'eof] . …oxL h+uxjf klxnf s:tf] lyof] . clxn] lkr af6f] cfOk'u] sf] 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …vf] nf j:tLdf vfg] kfgLsf] wf/f k'Ub} 5g\ . ljB'tsf] pHofnf] k'Ub} 5 . oL ;a ljsf; xfd} kfnfdf x'G5 .Ú /fhk'/ df ljsf;sf] d"n km'6\b} 5 . sfnfsf6] –l;S6f ;8sv08 sfnf] kq] x'“b} 5 . vx/] vf] nf / /fKtL gbLdf k'n aGb} 5g\ . ufp“df kz' lj1fgsf] k9fO x'g] sfo{qmd nfu' ePsf] 5 . ufp“sf d"n ;8s sfnf] kq] x'“b} 5g\ . k/Dk/fut?kdf e} +;L kfng ub{} cfPsf ls;fgnfO{ cfslif{t ug{ e} +;L ;f] t ljsf; s] Gb vf] lnb} 5 . clxn] ;Dd ljsf;df k5fl8 k/] sf] /fhk'/ ufp“kflnsfnfO{ nlIft u/L ;/sf/n] kfyldstfdf /fv] / sfo{qmdx? ul//x] sf] 5 . olt dfq} xf] Og, gfsf hf] 8\g] ;8snfO{ alnof] agfpg x/] s jif{ s/f] 8 a9Lsf ah] 6 th{'df eO/x] sf 5g\ . 3gZofd rf} w/Lsf] :jfut dGtAoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f g] skf /fhk'/ ufp“kflnsfsf kjQmf eLd cf] nLn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

bfª, #) h] 7 -o';_– dx] Gb ax'd'vL SofDk; bfªsf k"j{SofDk; kd'v e} / j k;fb dhu} of“sf] d+unjf/ laxfg cfkm\g} lgjf; lahf} / L bfªdf x[bo3ftaf6 lgwg ePsf] 5. dhu} of“n] cfo'j] {b lrlsT;fno lahf} / L bfª / a] nem'08L vfg] kfgL ;+: yfsf] cWoIfsf] ?kdf z} lIfs Pj+ ;fdflhs If] qdf of] ubfg k'¥ofpg' ePsf] lyof] . pxf“sf] &% jif{sf] pd] / df lgwg ePsf] lyof] .

b"w/f;–l5NnLsf] 6 ;8s cj?4 lahf} / L, #) ebf} -o';_– ;f] daf/ /flt ePsf] jiff{sf sf/0f b"w/f;–l5NnLsf] 6 ;8s cj?4 ePsf] 5 . l5NnLsf] 6 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yfsf cWoIf knaxfb'/ v8sfsf cg';f/ ;qmfdb] lv l5NnLsf] 6;Ddsf] ;8ssf b'a} If] qdf klx/f] n] ;8s cj?4 ePsf] 5 .

To;} u/L ;qmfdb] lv l5NnLsf] 6;Dd k'¥ofOPsf] ljB't kf] n ;d] t 9n] sf 5g\ . ;8sdf cfPsf] klx/f] x6fpg t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf;dIf dfu ul/Psf] 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yfsf cWoIf knaxfb'/ v8\sfn] atfpg'eof] .

gfs, sfg, 3f“6L ;DaGwL ljz]if1 ;]jf b}lgs ?kdf ldt]/L xl:k6n kf=ln= 3f]/fxLdf dlgkfn d]l8sn sn]h kf]v/f, sf7df8f}+ df]8n xl:k6n / An'qm; xl:k6n sf7df8f}+df nfdf] ;do;Dd sfo{/ t jl/i7 gfs, sfg, 3f“6L ljz] if1 (ENT Head Neck Surgeon) 8f= cflzif v8\uLåf/f gfs, sfg, 3fF6L;Fu ;DalGwt PnhL{sf] klxrfg tyf pkrf/, gfsdf df;' knfOsf] , lkgf;, nfdf] ;do;Dd sfg kfSg] , b'Vg] , uw{g tyf yfO/fO8, 3fF6Lsf] OG8f] : sf] kLnufot gfs, sfg, 3fF6L;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?sf] b} lgs ?kdf -laxfg &–!) / lbp“;f] #–^ ah] _ r]shfFr tyf ck] zg ;] jf kbfg u/] sf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .

xfdf ;]jfx? M l

l l l l l l

jl/i7 xf8hf]gL{ tyf gzf ljz]if1 8f= uf]kfn ;fu/ l8=;L= / 8f= lxdfGz' zfxåf/f xftv'§f efFlrPsf], Knfi6/ ug'{kg]{, z/L/ emdemdfpg] b'Vg], o'l/s Pl;8, x8\8L lvOPsf], 9f8 sDd/ b'Vg] ;d:ofsf] r]shfFr tyf ck]zg ;]jf . rf}la;} 306f d]l8sn clws[t 8f= ;'af]b ofbjåf/f Odh]{G;L ;]jf . rf}la;} 306f Sofljg ;lxtsf] egf{ ;]jf . laxfg / a]n'sf 8f= ;'lht 7fs'/åf/f lkmlhof]y]/fkL . rf}la;} 306f cTofw'lgs Nofa ;]jf . l rf}aL;} 306f kmfd]{;L ;]jf . rf}la;} 306f Digital X-Ray ;]jf . l cN6«f;fp08 ;]jf . rf}la;} 306f P;L tyf clS;hg ;lxt PDa'n]G; ;]jf .

+= Dks{ g ; ; ] G PDa'n &*#$#^* (*%

ldt]/L xl:k6n kf=ln= clDas]Zj/L k'nrf]s, gjnk'/ 3f]/fxL, bfª kmf]g M )*@–%^!&$*

egf{ v'Nof] Û egf{ v'Nof] ÛÛ egf{ v'Nof] ÛÛÛ kfljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb (CTEVT) af6 ;DaGwg kfKt dbg e08f/L kfljlws lzIffno 3f] / fxL–!& u'nl/of, bfªdf z} lIfs jif{ @)&& df kyd jif{sf nflu # jif]{ s[lif -afnL lj1fg_ / l;len cf] e/l;o/df egf{ v'Nnf ul/Psf] 5 .

egf{ sfo{qmd kmf/fd ljt/0f M @)&& ebf} @* ut]b]lv . kmf/fd kfOg] :yfg / ;do M dbg e08f/L kfljlws lzIffno 3f]/fxL–!&, u'nl/of, bfª laxfg * ah]b]lv % ah];Dd . kmf/fd a'emfpg] clGtd ldlt M @)&& c;f]h !% ut];Dd .

Go"gtd of]Uotf M l l

s[lif -afnL lj1fg_ M c+u]hL, ul0ft / lj1fg dWo] b'O{ ljifodf C u]8 / Psdf D+ u]8 l;len cf]e/l;o/ M ul0ft / lj1fgdf C, / c+u]hLdf D+ u]8 .

l;6 ;+Vof M s[lif -afnL lj1fg_– $) hgf M l;len cf]e/l;o/– $* hgf

kmf/fd kfOg] :yfg / ;doM

cfjZos sfuhftx?M

/fKtL Ol~hlgol/ª sn]h, 3f]/fxL–!^ ;fgLcDafk'/ ;/f{, bfª laxfg & b]lv a]n'sf % ah];Dd .

!_ SEE sf] u]8 l;6 . @_ gful/stf jf hGd btf{sf] kmf]6f]slk . #_ @ klt /+uLg kmf]6f]

;Dks{

lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nfluM

/fKtL Ol~hlgol/ª sn]h

dbg e08f/L kfljlws lzIffno

Web: www.rec.edu.np Email : info@rec.edu.np

Email : Mbtcdangvirtualclass@gmail.com

3f]/fxL–!^ ;fgLcDafk'/ ;/f{, bfª kmf]g g+= )*@–%^@^)!÷(*%&*#!^*$÷(*%&*#%(()÷(*%&*#)@&)÷(*%&*#&@%%

ks {M

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf

xf] clxn] . k} ;f t s'g} lbg ahf/ klxn] s} cj:yfdf k'Uof] eg] sdfO eOxfN5 lg . :jf:Yo dfkb08 kfngf gug] { Joj;foLnfO{ s] ug'{x'G5 < xfdLn] dfkb08 kfngf ug{sf nflu l;sfp“5f} + . Joj;foLx?n] cfkm\gf ufxsx?nfO{ l;sfpg'x'G5 . sf/jfxL u5f} {+ eg] / t;f{pg] eGbf dfkb08 l;sfp“bf kmfObf x'G5 . ghfg] sfx?nfO{ l;sfp“5f} + . pxf“x? klg hf] lvddf kg] { ePsfn] dfkb08 kfngf ug'{x'G5 . xfdLn] ahf/df :jf:Yo dfkb08 kfngfsf nflu hlt;Sof] w] / } ;r] tgf km} nfpg] sfd u5f} +{ . slt lbg l;sfpg'x'G5 < sf] / f] gf dxfdf/L /x“bf;Dd xfdLn] Joj;foLx?nfO{ ;r] t u/fpg] sfd ul//xG5f} + . 3f] / fxL dfq} geP/ xfdLn] xfdf zfvf pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3x?df klg ;s'{n/ ul/;s] sf 5f} + . ;a} 7fp“df ;r] tgfsf] sfd u5f} {+ . sf] / f] gfaf6 hf] lug ;r] tgfafx] s c? pkfo 5} g . x/] sn] cfkm\gf] :jf:Yosf] Vofn ug] {, ;r] t /xg] , nfk/jfxL gug] {, :jf:Yo dfkb08 ckgfpgsf nflu vl6g] 5f} + . k;nx? sf] / f] gf ;g] { ynf] t aGb} gg\ lg < To:tf] x'“b} g . xfdL ;ts{ eP/ g} sfd u5f} {+ . hf] lvd t Joj;fo, Jofkf/df dfq} 5} g . cGo k] zf, If] qdf klg 5 . ;a} ;r] t xf} + . k] zf, Joj;fonfO{ klg rnfcf} + .

kf]= xl/k;fb kf]v]n

6' d'vL xf]d 8]sf]/ ef/L 5 3f]/fxL, bfªuf} -xf]08f zf]?dsf] cufl8_ df]= (*$$(&#!*@, (*)(%(&!(* ;D

x'G8fO{{ km]li6esf] ljh]tfnfO{ uf8L k'/:sf/

k"j{SofDk; kd'v dhu} ofFsf] lgwg

q bz/y l3ld/]

bfª pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3sf jfl0fHo pkfWoIf

sf] / f] gf dxfdf/Lsf a] nf ahf/ vf] n] / yk hf] lvd a9fpg] sfd ePg / < hf] lvd 5 . t/ of] dxfdf/L slt lbg;Dd /xG5 eGg] klg 5} g . of] /x“bf;Dd hf] lvd klg /xG5 . To;f] eP/ dxfdf/Laf6 hf] luP/ cl3 a9\g] xf] . ;w} Joj;fo aGb u/] / ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'“b} g . Psflt/ pkef] Qmfx?n] ;] jf kfpg g;s] sf] cj:yf 5 eg] csf] {lt/ Joj;foLx? w/fzfoL aGb} uPsf 5g\ . em08} b'O{ ;o Joj;foL knfog eO;s] sf 5g\ . c? klg knfog x'g] cj:yfdf k'u] sfn] cfly{s ultljlw ug} {k5{ . a? ;ts{tf ckgfP/ Joj;fo ug'{k5{ . k;ndf eL8} eL8 5 t, sxf“ 5 ;ts{tf < klxn] sf] eGbf w] / } ;'wf/ ePsf] 5 .

Joj;foLx?n] df:s, :oflg6fOh/sf] kof] u ug'{ePsf] 5 . eL8 x'g] 7fp“df 8f] / L nufP/ klg b"/ L sfod ul/Psf] 5 . Joj;foLx?n] ;'wf/ ul//xg'ePsf] 5 t/ ;d:of pkef] Qmfx?af6 klg 5 . pxf“x?nfO{ klg xfdLn] l;sfO/x] sf 5f} + . lj:tf/} ;'wf/ xf] nf . tkfO“s} g] t[Tjdf ahf/sf] cg'udg ;ts{tf ckgfPsf] kfOof] t < :jf:Yo ;ts{tf;“u} xfdLn] Joj;foLx?nfO{ k/] sf ;d:of a'em\g] / ;dfwfgsf nflu ;'emfpgsf nflu cg'udg ul//x] sf 5f} + .

Joj;fo ug'{;\ t/ :jf:Yo ;ts{tf ckgfP/ ug'{;\ eg] sf 5f} + .

ljljw

www.nayayougbodh.com/E-mail: yougbodh@gmail.com

3f]/fxL–!&, u'nl/of, bfª kmf]g g+= )*@–$!$)#*÷$!$)#^÷(*%&*$#!%(÷(*$&*$^$$%

o;sf ljz]iftfx?M v ! jif{sf] jif{sf] jf/]G6L ePsf], cfsif{0f Pj+ jiff}{+ vkt x'g] v km]d kNnf grflxg] x'Fbf *)Ü ;Dd k};fsf] art v lkml6ª ug{ ;lhnf] v lvof tyf wld/f gnfUg] v ;lhn} dd{t ug{ ;lsg] v xfjf tyf 3fd g5]Sg] .

;+: yfks Pj+ ;Nnfxsf/ M gf/fo0fk;fb zdf{, ;Dkfbs–ksfzs M ktfk /] UdL, kaGw ;Dkfbs M nIdL cfrfo{, ;x–;Dkfbs M g/] Gb s] ;L d'bs M kltef ckm;] 6 k] ; 3f] / fxL, bfª kmf] g M )*@–%^))*$, %^!#)#, )*@–%^)($*, zfvf sfof{nox? M t'n;Lk'/ – %@)($*, ndxL– (*%&*$)@$!, E-mail : yougbodh@gmail.com CMYK