xfQLkfOn] cleofgd} 8]9 s/f]8 vr{, pknlAw Go"g
q s'df/ >] i7
af“s] , # kmfu'g . af“s] df cfly{s jif{
@)^&÷^* b] lv xfQLkfOn] / f] ulj?4sf]

cfd cf} iflw ;] jg cleofg z'? eof] .
cleofg z'? x'“bf lhNnfdf xfQLkfOn]
/ f] usf ;+qmldt @)=* k|ltzt lyP . nuftf/ kf“r jif{ cf} iflw ;] jg
u/ fPkl5 lk| 6f: s ;j] ug] / csf] jif{
cf} iflw v'jfP/ lgjf/ 0f ug] / 0fgLlt
lyof] . / 0fgLlt km] n ePsfn] lhNnfdf
kmfu'g !! ut] b] lv !# cf} r/ 0fsf]
cleofg ;~rfng x'“b} 5 !@ jif{ cf} iflw
v'jfPkl5 clxn] lhNnfdf %=% k|ltzt
;+qmldt 5g\ !% k|ltzt ;+qmldt
36fpg af“s] df !@ jif{ dfq} nfu] g,
s/ f] 8f} vr{ ePsf] 5 . cleofgsf nflu
z'?jftL jif{ @)^& ;fndf #) nfv

ah] 6 cfPsf] lyof] . Tof] a9\b} uP/ s] xL
jif{b] lv 8] 9 s/ f] 8 ah] 6 cfO/ x] sf] 5 .
7"nf] ah] 6 cfpg] t/ sfdsf] glthf
pknlAw ;fgf] b] lvg] eO/ x] sf] 5 . cfd cf} iflw ;] jgsf] k|ltzt




36\bf] 5 . klxnf] jif{ (! k|ltzt se/ h
/ x] sf] af“s] df bf] ;|f] jif{ @)^*÷^( df
%# k|ltztdf em¥of] To;kl5 qmdzM
^^, &#, &%, ^&, &#, ^^, %%, ^&, *!
x'“b} utjif{ ^* k|ltzt se/ h / x\of] .
lzlIft / zx/ L a: tL g] kfnu~hsf]
se/ h bogLo / x] sf] 5 g] kfnu~h
pkdxfgu/ kflnsfleqs} se/ hn]
ubf{ lhNnfsf] se/ h 36fO/ x] sf] 5 .
k|flj af] NbLdf cIfosf] if
3f] / fxL, # kmfu'g -o';_– l;4fy{ k|fylds
ljBfno 3f] / fxL–!( af] NbLdf o1/ fh vqLn]
## xhf/ # ;o ## ?k} of“sf] cIfosf] if : yfkgf
ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] : j= lktf l8naxfb'/
vqL, dftf lkdfb] jL vqLsf] : d[ltdf
l8naxfb'/ lkdfb] jL vqL : d[lt k'/ : sf/ sf
nflu cIfosf] if : yfkgf ug'{ePsf] xf]
To;sf] Jofhaf6 ljBfnodf cWoog/ t




clt ljkGg afnaflnsfnfO{ k|f] T;fxg : j?k
jflif{s pT;jsf lbg k'/ : sf/ lbOg] 5 . pQm






/ sd x/ s jif{ yk ub} Ps nfv k'¥ofpg]
nIo / x] sf] vqLn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . pxf“n]
ul/ a h] x] Gbf/ cltljkGgnfO{ ;xof] u k'Ug]
ljZjf; JoQm ug'{eof] . o;} u/ L / fdaxfb'/
vqLsf] cWoIftfdf ljBfno Joj: yfkg
;ldlt rog u/ sf] 5 . ;ldltsf] kb] g



;b: o 3f] / fxL–!( sf cWoIf 1fgaxfb'/
/ fodfemL, ;b: ox?df wgaxfb'/ ;fsL{, dLgf
utjif{ lhNnfsf] ^* k|ltzt se/ h x'“bf
g] kfnu~h pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf] %)
k|ltzt lyof] . g] kfnu~hsf] klg j8f g+=


# df ut jif{ @@ k|ltzt se/ h eof] .

To;cl3 !# k|ltzt lyof] . j8f g+= !^ /
* sf] se/ h klg Go"g / xg] u/ sf] 5 ut jif{ hfgsL ufp“kflnsfdf




*) k|ltzt, vh'/ fdf &^, a} hgfydf
&#, / fKtL;f] gf/ Ldf &#, g/ gfk'/ df ^$,
8'8'jfdf &* / sf] xnk'/ gu/ kflnsfdf
&* k|ltzt se/ h / x] sf] lyof] .
;/ sf/ n] ut jif{b] lv tLg y/ Lsf]
cf} ifwL ;] jg u/ fO/ x] sf] 5 tLg y/ L
cf} iflw ;] jg u/ fp“bf nuftf/ tLg jif{
v'jfP/ lk| 6f: s ;j] ug] / csf] jif{b] lv
lgjf/ 0f ug] / 0fgLlt / x] sf] 5 . : jf: Yo
sfof{no, af“s] sf k|d'v ;'lgtf kf} 8] nn]
kf“r jif{ nuftf/ cf} iflw v'jfPkl5 lk|

6f: s ;j] u/ / csf] jif{ cf} iflw v'jfP/
lgjf/ 0f ug] / 0fgLlt km] n ePsfn]
af“s] df !# cf} r/ 0fdf cf} iflw v'jfpg]
tof/ L ul/ Psf] atfpg'eof] . kmfu'g !! ut] b] lv z'? u/ /
kmfu'g d;fGt;Dd cf} iflw v'jfpg]
kmf] snk;{g b'uf{ uf} tdn] hfgsf/ L
lbg'eof] . af“s] df nlIft 5 nfv !^
xhf/ 5 ;o (% hgf / x] sf 5g\ g] kfn
;/ sf/ n] ;g\ @)@) df xfQLkfOn]
/
f] u lgjf/ 0fsf] nIo lnPsf] lyof] .


Tof] cjlwdf nIo k"/ f gePkl5 ;g\
@)#) ;Dd ;fl/ Psf] 5 . xfQLkfOn]
/
f] ulj?4sf] cleofgdf km] n ePsf


lhNnfdf af“s] ;lxt bfª, s} nfnL, df] / ª
/ slknj: t' lhNnf / x] sf 5g\ .
h]D;n] dgfof] k|b]z :yfkgf lbj;
3f] / fxL, # kmfu'g -o';_–
uf] bfj/ L Oªln; ldl8od : s'n
-h] D;_ 3f] / fxL pdgkf–!# n] a'waf/ n'lDagL k|b] z : yfkgf lbj; dgfPsf] 5 . klxnf] k6s n'lDagL k|b] z ;/ sf/ u7g ePsf] lbg kmfu'g # nfO{ k|b] z : yfkgf lbj;sf]
?kdf n'lDagL k|b] z ;/ sf/ n] dgfpg yfn] sf] xf] . ljBfnon] klg k|b] zsf] : yfkgf lbj; kf/ / ljleGg sfo{qmd cfof] hgf u/ sf] xf] k|b] z : yfkgf lbj; sfo{qmddf ljBfnosf lk|lG;kn
s'df/ L k'g, ltnf ;'gf/ / uf] df v8\sf rog
x'g'ePsf] 5 . ;b: o ;lrjdf ljBfnosf
k|wfgfWofks b] j] Gb| s] ;L / xg'ePsf] 5 .
o;} u/ L lrqaxfb'/ 3tL{sf] cWoIftfdf
lzIfs cleefjs ;+3 u7g ul/ Psf] 5 .
Ho] i7 gful/ s l8naxfb'/ k'gsf] cWoIftf
Pj+ 3f] / fxL lzIff dxfzfvfsf zfvf clws[t
z] / axfb'/ lji6sf] k|d'v cfltYotf / 3f] / fxL–
!( sf cWoIf 1fgaxfb'/ / fodfemLsf] ljlzi6
cfltYotfdf e] nf ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/ df
eujtL dflj xf] 8jfªsf k|c b] jLaxfb'/ 3tL{, ;dfh;] jL wgaxfb'/ ;fsL{, o1/ fh vqL / uf] / axfb'/ vqLnufotn] af] Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ljBfnosf k|c b] j] Gb| s] ;Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .






xl/ k|;fb kf} 8] nn] PsfTds
Joj: yfn] lgDTofPsf] lje] b tyf
ljsf;df cfPsf] c;Gt'ngnfO{
cGTo ug{] p2] Zon] cfPsf]
;+3LotfnfO{ ;a} ldn] / ;kmn
agfpg'kg{] atfpg'eof] . n'lDagL
k|b] zsf] / fhwfgL klg bfªd}
ePsf] df v'zL JoQm ug'{eof] . uf] bfj/ L rf] sdf cfof] lht
pQm sfo{qmddf af] Nb} ljBfno
;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf
lji0f'k|;fb bfxfnn] n'lDagL
k|b] z : yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ df

z'esfdgf JoQm ub} k|b] z
cfhsf] /fzLkmn
@)&(.!!.)$ ut] laxLaf/ ltlyM
;/ sf/ nfO{ ljsf;sf] gof“ df] 8n : yflkt ug'{kg] {df hf] 8 lbg'eof] . ljBfyL{, lzIfs, cleefjs tyf : yfgLox? ;xefuL sfo{qmddf ljBfyL{x? lgife zdf{, cGh' a'9fnufotn] z'esfdgf dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . Kn] sf8{;lxt ¥ofnLdf efu lnPsf ljBfyL{x?n] ;8sdf k|b] zsf] gS;f agfO{ bLk k|Hjng ;d] t u/ sf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f lzIfs a'l4k|sfz cfrfo{n] ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

nIdLwf/f Hof]ltif s]Gb Hof]= k+= 8f= e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8] ;b:o– g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%! ef/t )(!–(!@%&^^&)&
t'nf -/f,/L,?,/],/f] ,tf,tL,t",t] _M k|ltlIft glthf sdhf]/ /xnf .
j[if -O{,pm,P,cf] ,jf,lj,j",j] ,jf] _M :jf:Yodf k|lts"ntf /xg ;S5 . cfn:o a9\g ;S5 . j[lZrs -tf] ,gf,gL,g",g] ,gf] ,of,oL,o"_M cj;/x? k|fKt xf]nfg\ t/ af]Nbf ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'xf];\ x} .




wg' -o] ,of] ,ef,eL,e",w,kmf,9f,e] _M ljlzi6 JolQmx?;“u ;Dks{ x'g]5 .
ss{6 -xL,x",x] ,xf] ,8f,8L,8",8] ,8f] _M kl/l:ylt rfxgf ljk/Lt, unt JolQmsf] ljZjf; u/] wf]sf x'g ;S5 .
ds/ -ef] ,hf,hL,h",h] ,hf],vf,vL,v",v] ,vf] ,uf,uL_M ljjfbf:kb sfo{df h'6\g kg]{ x'g ;S5 .





l;+x -df,dL,d",d],df],6f,6L,6",6] _M of]hgf Pj+ sfo{x?df Tolt tfnd]n gldNnf . s'De -u",u] ,uf] ,;,;L,;',;] ,;f] ,b_M b}lgs sfo{ nfek|b /xg]5g\ .
d]if -r",r] ,rf] ,nf,nL,n",n] ,nf] ,c_M b}lgs sfo{df k|lts"ntf, pknlAwljxLg sfo{sf] Jo:ttf . sGof -6f],k,kL,k",if,0f,7,k],kf] _M z'elrGtssf] ;fy kfOg]5 . c?sf] sfo{n] z+sf a9fpg]5 . dLg -bL,b",y,em,~f,b] ,bf] ,rf,rL_M tTsfnsf] kmfObf x]/] kl5nfO{ 3f6f x'g ;Sg]5 .