;Ldf
ef/
lhNnfdf 8] +u' ;+qmd0fsf] hf] lvd b] lvPsf] eGb} pRr ;ts{tf ckgfOPsf] 5 . lhNnf : jf: Yo sfof{non] lhNnfsf ;a} kflnsfdf 8] +u'sf] ;+qmd0f b] lvPsf] pNn] v ub} lgoGq0f ug{ nfdv'6\6] sf nfef{ / Ko'kf gi6 ug] cleofg z'? ug{ nfu] sf] hgfPsf] 5 . af“s] sf 8] +u' / f] u ;Dks{ JolQm b'uf{ uf} tdn] af“s] df rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] xfn;Dd rf/ ;o kf“rhgf 8] +u'sf ;+qmldt e] l6Psf] hfgsf/ L lb“b} o;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ j8f: t/ df klg sfo{qmd z'? ug{ nfu] sf] atfpg'eof] .
lhNnfsf cf7 : yfgLo txdWo] / fKtL ;f] gf/ L ufp“kflnsfdf kf“r, sf] xnk'/ gu/ kflnsfdf @$, a} hgfy ufp“kflnsfdf gf} vh'/ f ufp“kflnsfdf rf/ , hfgsL ufp“kflnsfdf kf“r, g] kfnuGh pkdxfgu/ kflnsfdf $% / 8'8'jf ufp“kflnsfdf 5hgf 8] +u'sf la/ fdL 5g\ …la/ fdLsf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsf] 5 / c: ktfn cfpg] la/ fdLsf] ;+Vof klg a9\b} uPsfn] 8] +u'sf] ;+qmd0f a9bf] b] lvPsf] 5Ú– uf} tdn] eGg'eof] . lhNnfdf 8] +u' ;+qmd0fsf] hf] lvd a9\g] ;do glhs cfPsf] / o;sf] lgoGq0fdf Wofg lbg cfjZos / x] sf] 8] +u' / f] u ;Dks{ JolQm uf} tdn] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] / f] u lgoGq0fsf nflu ;Ldfdf klg
lgu/ fgL a9fpg' cfjZos ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] 8] +u'sf] ;+qmd0f ePsf] nfdv'§] n] Ps k6sdf sl/ a rf/ b] lv kf“r hgf;DdnfO{ / f] u ;fg] Ifdtf / x] sf] hgfp“b} kl5Nnf] 5 dlxgfotf dfq} g] kfnu~hdf Ps xhf/ b'O{ ;o ^* hgf 8] +u' / f] uaf6 ;+qmldt ePsf] atfpg'eof] af“s] sf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/ L vu] Gb|k|;fb l/ hfnn] 8] +u' lgoGq0fsf nflu lhNnfsf ;a} ;fj{hlgs : yfgnufot k|To] s sfof{nox¿df ;/ ;kmfO cleofg rnfpg lgb] {zg lbg'ePsf] 5 8] +u'sf] ljiff0f'åf/ f ;+qmldt ePsf] Pl8; PlhK6fO{ / Pl8; Pnaf] lkS6\; hftsf] kf] yL nfdv'§] sf] 6f] sfOaf6 ;g] Ps k|sf/ sf] ls6hGo ;?jf / f] u xf]
aaO{n] aufp“bf dlxnfsf] d[To'
3f] / fxL, !( c;f/ -o';_–t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsf j8f g+= !$ d6] / fsL !( jifL{of ;Demgf rf} w/ Lsf] a'wjf/ jjO{n] aufp“bf d[To' ePsf] 5
ljxfg * jh] lt/ aaO{ kf/ ug] {qmddf af9Ln] aufPsf] / pgsf] zj b+uLz/ 0f ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= ! a} jfªl: yt jjO{ lsgf/ df e] l6Psf] Onfsf k|x/ L
>L cd/ dfWolds ljBfno
t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf–!! p/x/L, bfª
sfof{no t'n;Lk'/ n] hgfPsf] 5 nuftf/ kfgL k/ kl5 sfd ug{ uPsf >Ldfg\ 3/ gkms] {kl5 vf] Hg lx“8] sL rf} w/ L aaO{sf] af9Ln] aufp“bf Hofg uPsf] xf] .
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afWotf 5 avf{sf] ;do, ufp“df PDa'n] G; nufotsf ;jf/ L;fwg ;xh} pknAw gx'g] / ;b/ d'sfd;Dd cfphfp ug{ c;xh x'g] ePkl5 gful/ ssf] ;xhtfsf] nflu ufp“d} PsLs[t laz] if1 : jf: Yo lzlj/ ;~rfng ul/ Psf] 8f= a'9f du/ n] atfpg'eof] …ufp“df gful/ s / f] u kfn] / a;] sf 5g\, ;fgf ;d: ofsf] jf: tf ub} {gg\, km] / L w] / h] i7 gful/ ssf ;Gtfg / f] huf/ Lsf nflu lhNnf / b] zaflx/ 5g\, h;n] ubf{ pkrf/ ug{ PSn} lhNnf c: ktfn;Dd hfg wf} x'G5Ú pxf“n] eGg'eof] …of] aif{ lhNnfsf tLg : yfgdf lzlj/ ;~rfng u/ sf xf} +, ufp“df
l8k]G8]g le;f
:6'8]06nfO{ :sn/l;k cKnfO{, :kf]G;/ le;f :6'8]06;Fu l8k]G8]06 le;fdf t'?Gt hfg OR5's o'jtLx?n] ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf . ;Dks{ g+=M (&^(&&@(@# (*^@%@$*$#
xfjfx'/Laf6 hf]lug] pkfox?
;g] eGbf g;g] / f] usf] ;+qmd0f a9\bf] qmddf / x] sf] kfOPsf]
5 .Ú 5q] Zj/ L ufp“kflnsfsf
k|jQmf tyf j8f gDa/ % sf j8fcWoIf kmf} b axfb'/ a: g] tn] u|fld0f e] usf : jf: Yo ;+: yfdf 8fS6/ l6sfpg d'lZsn e} / x] sf] cj: yfdf laz] if1;lxt : jf: Yo lzlj/ k6s–k6s ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos / x] sf] atfpg'eof] . …ufp“sf : jf: Yo ;+: yfdf ljz] if1 ;] jf lbg ;lsb} g\, o: tf lzlj/ geO{ gx'g] / x] 5g\Ú pxf“n] eGg'eof] …ufp“kflnsfn] : jf: Yo If] qnfO{ k|fyldstfdf / fv] sf] 5, !% z} ofsf] cfwf/ e"t c: ktfnsf] ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ klg rln/ x] sf] 5 .Ú
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s/ f/ sd{rf/ LnfO{ ;/ sf/ L ;/ x ;'ljwf lbg] , k'/ fgf s/ f/ sd{rf/ LnfO{ nf] s;] jfdf k|lt: kwf{ ug] cj;/ lbg] nufotsf k|fjwfg ;d] l6Psf 5g\ . n'lDagL k|b] zsf ! ;o ( : yfgLo txdf em08} rf/ xhf/ sd{rf/ L sfo{/ t 5g\ . of] law] osnfO{ l56\6} kfl/ t ug] tof/ L / x] sf] k|b] z dfldnf tyf sfg'g ;ldltsf ;efktL lbns'df/ L a'9fn] atfpg'eof] . …of] P] gn] s;} nfO{ klg cGofo ub{} gÚ ;efklt a'9fn] eGg'eof] , …;a} nfO{ a/ fa/ L e"ldsf / cj;/ lbg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf xf] .Ú
xflb{s awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf
o; 1fgs'~h Oª\ln; ;]s]08/L :s"naf6 P;OO @)*) df ;lDdlnt ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x? pTs[i6 glthfsf ;fy pQL0f{ x'g ;kmn ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{;lxt pQ/f]t/ k|ultsf] sfdgf ub{5f}+
sDKo'6/ k|lzIfssf] cfjZostf
t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !! l:yt o; cd/ dfWolds ljBfno p/x/L bfªdf ldlt @)*!.)#.!( ut]sf] lj=Jo=;= a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ sDKo"6/ k|lzIfssf] cfjZos /x]sf]n] !% lbgleq g]kfnL gful/saf6 l/tk"j{s b/vf:t cfx\jfg ul/G5 . lj1fkg g+= # -@)*)÷)*!
!_ kb M sDKo'6/ k|lzIfs -@_ ;+Vof M ! -Ps_ hgf #_ lgo'lQmsf] k|sf/ M c:yfoL s/f/ $_ ;]jf ;'ljwf M lghL ;|f]t -lj=Jo=;= sf] lg0f{o cg';f/_ %_ pd]/ M !* jif{ k"/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] ^_ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf M B.Sc. CSIT &_ b/vf:t b:t'/ M ?= @))).–*_ k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt, df}lvs tyf sIff cjnf]sg (_ cfjZos sfuhftx? M g]kfnL gful/stfsf], z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|ltlnlk / x:tlnlvt lgj]bg .
!)_ b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)*!.)$.)@ ut] sfof{no ;doleq . !!_ ;Dks{ ldlt M @)*!.)$.)# ut] lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu M )*@–$@@)!^, (*$&($)@)^, (*$&*^%^)&, (*%&*@%^@%
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3/sf] ;+/rgf alnof] agfcf}+,
xfjfx'/L rNg yfn]kl5 em\ofn9f]sf y'gf}+,
5fgfnfO{ /fd|/L x's tyf tf/n] s;]/ afwf}+,
5tsf udnf ;'/lIft ?kdf /fvf}+,
h:tfkftfnufotsf j:t'x? v'nf / hyfefjL g5f]8f}+,
xfjfx'/L rn]df efubf}+8 gu/f}+, la:tf/} ;'/lIft :yfgdf hfcf}+,
;'/lIft cf]t ge]6] y'r'Ss a;]/ b'j} xftn] 6fpsf] 5f]kL 3f]K6f] k/f}+,
xfjfx'/L rn]sf] ;dodf ;jf/L ;fwg /f]s]/ ;'/lIft :yfgdf a;f}+ .
xfjfx'/Laf6 x'g] Iflt sd ug{ k"j{ tof/L Pj+ ;ts{tf ckgfcf}+ .
g]kfn ;/sf/ lj1fkg af]8{
1fgs'~h Oª\ln; ;]s]08/L :s"n kl/jf/ 3f]/fxL– ( as'nfxL, bfª kmf]g g+= (&$^@#@)^$, (*$&*((%%& o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf sf7df8f} +, !( c;f/ . ;+;b\ df ;fª\s] lts efiffsf nflu bf] ef;] / fVg dfu ul/ Psf] 5 / fli6«o;efsf] a'wjf/ a;] sf]
xflb{s awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf
bfª lhNnfdf pTs[i6 tyf gf/fo0fk'/ If]qd} ;jf]{Ts[i6 glthf Nofpg ;kmn o; u|]6a'4 Ps]8]dL 3f]/fxL–!) gf/fo0fk'/, bfªaf6 @)*) ;fnsf] P;=O=O= k/LIffdf ;lDdlnt eO{ pTs[i6 glthf Nofpg ;kmn ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx?nfO{ xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] d+undo z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ . ;fy} ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx?nfO{ o; ;kmntfsf] nflu ;Nnfx ;'emfj / ;xof]u ug'{x'g] ;Dk"0f{ cleefjs, lzIfs, sd{rf/L tyf z'elrGtsHo"x?df xflb{s wGojfb tyf s[t1tf 1fkg ub{5f}+ . ;ldk Gof}kfg] 3.86 ;[hgf
