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&) k|ltzt a9L Joj;foLn] ltb}{gg\ s/ t'n;Lk'/ , !( c;f/ . cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷)*) df cfGtl/ s ;|f] taf6 $@ s/ f] 8 / fhZj p7fpg] nIo lgwf{/ 0f u/ ] sf] t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfn] @* s/ f] 8 %! Nfv !# xhf/ dfq} / fhZj ;+sng ug{ ;Sof] . lgwf{l/ t eGbf sl/ a ;f9] !# s/ f] 8 sd / fhZj p7] kl5 kflnsfn] rfn' cfly{s jif{df sl/ a ^ s/ f] 8 ?k} of“ 36fP/ #^ s/ f] 8 !% nfv dfq} nIo lgwf{/ 0f u¥of] . d+unjf/ ;Dd cfOk'Ubf @& s/ f] 8 ?k} of“ / fhZj p7] sf] 5 . of] ultn] lgwf{l/ t nIo e] 6\g ;Sg] b] lvGg, olb nIo k|fKt g} eOxfNof] eg] klg To;nfO{ pknlAwk"0f{ dfGg ;lsGg lsgeg] of] ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf 36fP/ lgwf{/ 0f ul/ Psf] nIo xf] . nIocg';f/ / fhZj ;+sng gePkl5 kflnsfn] / fhZjsf] nIo 36fof] t/ p7\g g;s] sf] / fhZj s;/ L p7fpg] eGg] tkm{ s'g} l;h{gzLn pkfo lgsfNg ;s] g . cfGtl/ s / fhZj ;+sngsf] d] ?b08 Joj;fo s/ p7\g g;Sbf nIo lgwf{/ 0f ul/ Pcg';f/ sf] / fhZj ;+sng x'g g;s] sf] t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf k|jQmf dfwj jnLn] atfpg'eof] . …clxn] cleofg rnfP/ 3/ b} nf] d} k'u] sf 5f} + eg] cem : yfgLo: t/ df k'Ug ;lsof] ;\ eg] / j8fnfO{ klg Joj;fo / 3/ axfn s/ p7fpg] lhDdf lbPsf 5f} +Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …;a} Joj;foLx?nfO{ s/ sf] bfo/ fdf Nofpg] k|of; eO/ x] sf] 5 . Joj;fo / 3/ axfn s/ nfO{ Jojl: yt tl/ sfn] p7fpg ;lsof] eg] t'n;Lk'/ ahf/ af6 dfq} !% s/ f] 8 ?k} of“ p7fpg ;lsG5 .Ú % nfveGbf dflysf] 3/ ] n'df btf{ ug'{k5{ / Tof] eGbf tnsf] Joj;fo kflnsfdf btf{ ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/ f klg Joj;foLnfO{ hfgsf/ L gePsf] pBf] u k|j4{g zfvf k|d'v / ] vf zdf{n] atfpg'eof] . …sltko Joj;foLx?nfO{ 3/ ] n'df btf{ ePkl5 kflnsfdf ;"lrs[t x'g'k5{ eGg] klg yfxf / x] g5 . clxn] 3/ b} nf] df uP/ oL s'/ fx? a'emfp“bf pxf“x?n] ;sf/ fTds?kdf lng'ePsf] 5 . sltkon] : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] k;nd} cfP/ btf{ gjLs/ 0f ug] { ;'ljwf lbP cfkm"x?nfO{ ;xh x'g] ;'emfj klg lbg'ePsf] 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …3/ b} nf] df hf“bf &÷* jif{b] lv gjLs/ 0f gePsf Joj;fo, gof“ v'n] sfx? btf{ gePsf / axfn s/ klg glt/ ] sf e] l6Psf 5g\ .

Ps xKt] cleofgdf ! ;o %) a9L Joj;foLnfO{ btf{,

gjLs/ 0fsf] bfo/ fdf NofOPsf] 5 eg] s] xL axfn s/ p7fPsf 5f} + . of] cleofgnfO{ lg/ Gt/ tf lbg] xf] eg] nIocg';f/ / fhZj ;+sng ug{ ;lsG5 .Ú t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfdf btf{ ePsf ;f9] & xhf/ Joj;foLdWo] xfnsf] tYof+scg';f/ @ xhf/ Joj;foLn] dfq} Joj;fo gjLs/ 0f u/ ] sf] zfvf k|d'v zdf{n] atfpg'eof] . …s'n ;+Vofsf] tLg efudWo] Ps efun] klg gjLs/ 0f u/ ] sf] b] lvb} g . o;n] / fhZj ;+sngdf afwf x'g' : jefljs} xf] . s] xLn] s/ af/ ] hfgsf/ L geP/ glt/ ] sf] b] lvG5 eg] s] xL Joj;foLn] c6] / L klg ul/ / xg'ePsf] 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …rfn' jif{sf] ;fpgb] lv c;f] h;Dd gjLs/ 0f ubf{ @) k|ltzt 5'6 kfOG5 . c;f/ d;fGt;Dd lgwf{l/ t z'Ns a'emfpg'kg] { x'G5 eg] To;kl5 hl/ jfgf nfU5 . Joj;fo ;~rfng u/ ] kl5 s/ t ltg} {k5{ . cleofgdf ;dod} s/ a'emfP/ hl/ jfgfaf6 hf] lug Joj;foLx?nfO{ ;'emfj klg lb+b} cfPsf 5f} + .Ú Ps xKtf;Dd cleofg rnfp“bf t'n;Lk'/ ahf/ d} s] lGb|t x'g'k/ ] sf] zdf{n] ;'gfpg'eof] . t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfn] btf{ gjLs/ 0fsf] k|lqmofdf gcfPsf Joj;foLnfO{ ;xh9+un] btf{ gjLs/ 0fsf] k|lqmofdf Nofpg] p2] Zosf ;fy h] 7 @( b] lv c;f/ % ut] ;Dd & lbg] cleofg ;~rng u¥of] . t'n;Lk'/ ahf/ df Joj;fo ;~rfng ub} { cfPsL ;'ldgf kf} 8] nn] c;f/ # ut] @ jif{sf] s/ a'emfpg'eof] . pxf“n] @ jif{cl3 c?n] ;~rfng ul/ / x] sf] cj: yfdf pQm k;n lsGg'ePsf] / x] 5 . x/ ] s jif{ k;nsf] s/ ltg'{k5{ eGg] hfgsf/ L gx'“bf pxf“n] s/ ga'emfPsf] atfpg'eof] . …d} n] t k;n vf] Nbf s/ lt/ ] k|df0fkq lnPkl5 eOxfN5

eGg] ;f] r] sL lyP“ t/ x/ ] s jif{ s/ ltg'{kg] { / x] 5 . yfxf kfPsf] eP x/ ] s jif{ ltg] { lyP“ . s] xL lbgcl3 gu/ kflnsfaf6 cg'udgsf nflu cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . pxf“x?n] s/ af/ ] a'emfPkl5 aNn yfxf eof] Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …d] / f] k;nsf] @ jif{b] lvsf] af“sL / x] 5 . hl/ jfgf;lxt @ jif{sf] s/ lt/ ] + . cab] lv rflx“ lgoldt lt5'{ . ;dod} s/ ltbf{ 5'6sf] Joj: yf klg / x] 5 . cflv/ ltg} {kg] {, ;dod} lt¥of] cfgGb} . a? kflnsfn] x/ ] s jif{ of] cleofg rnfOlbP ;xh x'g] lyof] .Ú Joj;foLx?nfO{ s/ ltg{ k|] l/ t ug] { kflnsfn] & lbg] cleofg ;~rfng u/ ] sf] t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf k|d'v 6Lsf/ fd v8\sfn] atfpg'eof] . …clxn] btf{ gjLs/ 0fsf] k|lqmofdf cfP/ s/ ltg{ ;fj{hlgs ?kdf cfx\jfg u/ ] sf 5f} + . To;kl5 Joj;foLx?sf 5ftf ;+u7gx?;“u ;xsfo{ u/ ] / 5nkmn cufl8 a9fp“5f} + .

To;kl5 klg s/ ltg{ c6] / L u/ ] : yfgLo ;/ sf/ af6 x'g] ;] jf k|jfx s6f} tL u5f} {+Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …: yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] s/ sf] bfo/ f a9fPsf] xf] b/ a9fPsf] 5} g . clxn] klg $ jif{cl3s} b/ df s/ lnO/ x] sf 5f} + t/ Joj;foLx?n] ToxL s/ ltg{ klg c6] / L ug'{ unt xf] . oxL 7fp“df Joj;fo u/ ] / oxf“sf] : yfgLo ;/ sf/ nfO{ s/ ltb} {gf} + eGg ldNb} g .Ú s/ gltg] { Joj;foLnfO{ : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] lbg] ;] jf ;'ljwf, e'QmfgL tyf l;kmfl/ ;nufotsf ljifodf ;d: of x'g] gu/ k|d'v v8\sfn] atfpg'eof] . t'n;Lk'/ pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf ljlgn s] ;Ln] Joj;foLaf6 s/ dfq} c;'Ng] t/ Joj;fo k|j4{gsf ljifodf s'g} klg sfo{qmdx? gNofO{+bf Joj;foLx? s/ ltg{ pT;flxt gePsf] atfpg'eof] . …Joj;foLx?n] s/ lt/ ] s} x'g\ t/ ;/ sf/ n] PSsf;L s/ sf] b/ a9fp“bf Joj;foLx? s/ ltg{ lg?T;flxt ePsf x'g\ . s/ lng] t/ Joj;foLsf] ;'/ Iffdf s'g} sfd gug] { clg s;/ L lt5{g\ Joj;foLn] s/ < clxn] t'n;Lk'/ ahf/ df / ftsf] ;dodf rf] / Lsf 36gf a9] sf 5g\ . pkdxfgu/ kflnsfn] s/ lnPkl5 gu/ k|x/ Lsf] Joj: yf ulb{g'k5{ ls kb} {g <Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …csf] { s'/ f kflnsfsf] tYof+sn] b] vfPcg';f/ Tolt w] / } Joj;foLx? gjLs/ 0fsf] bfo/ fdf gcfPsf] xf] Ogg\ . tYof+sdf b] vfOPsf] ;+Vofsf] %) k|ltzt Joj;foL knfog eO;s] sf 5g\ t/ pgLx?df Joj;fo aGb u/ ] kl5 aGb u/ ] sf k|lqmof k"/ f ug'{k5{ eGg] r] tgf ePg . To;sf/ 0f tYof+sdf b] lvPsf Joj;fo lkmN8df 5} gg\ .Ú

k|b]zsf k"j{;f+;b k'k{Ifsf nflu y'gfdf cf7 ca{ lxgfldgfsf] cf/f]kdf

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf

wg'iff, !( c;f/ . ;z: q k|x/ Lsf c;O{ ydg lassf] xTof k|s/ 0fdf kqmfp k/ ] sf dw] z k|b] z k"j{;f+;b sf} zn ofbjnfO{ k'k{Ifsf nflu y'gfdf / fVg dxf] Q/ L lhNnf cbfntn] cfb] z lbPsf] 5 . lhNnf cbfnt dxf] Q/ Lsf GofofwLz kmg] Zj/ L l3ld/ ] n] st{Jo Hofg d'2fdf k'k{Ifsf nflu y'gfdf / fVg] lg0f{o u/ ] sf] >] : t] bf/ g'tg emfn] atfpg'eof] . dw] z cfGbf] ngdf dfl/ Psf ;z: q k|x/ Lsf c;O{ ydg ljssf] xTof k|s/ 0fdf k|b] z k"j{;f+;b ofbjnfO{

zlgaf/ / flt kqmfp u/ L k|x/ Ln] cfOtaf/ lhNnf cbfnt dxf] Q/ Ldf k] z u/ ] sf] lyof] . dxf] Q/ Lsf] kf] v/ leG8fdf ofbjn] rnfO/ x] sf] uf8L b'3{6gfdf k/ ] sf] / b'3{6gfdf k/ ] sf] uf8L;lxt efUg vf] Hbf k|x/ Ln] ofbjnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnPsf lyP . nfdf] ;dob] lv ofbj km/ f/ lyP . @)&@ ebf} @% ut] ;z: q k|x/ L an lhNnf sdf08 kf] : 6 ;'/ Iff a] ; SofDk hn] Zj/ dxf] Q/ Ldf sfo{/ t ;z: q k|x/ L ;xfos lg/ LIfs ydg ljsnfO{ dw] ;L df] rf{sf sfo{stf{n] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ s'6lk6 ubf{ d[To' ePsf] lyof] .

;xsf/LsdL{ kqmfp o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf sf7df8f} +, !( c;f/ . / fli6«o ;xsf/ L a} +ssf cWoIf tyf cfOl8on od'gf xfd|f] ;xsf/ L ;+: yfsf cWoIf s] aL pk|] tLnfO{ k|x/ Ln] kqmfp u/ ] sf] 5. / fhwfgLaf6 a'waf/ laxfg kqmfp k/ ] sf pk|] tLnfO{ afnfh' k|x/ Lj[t x'“b} dxf/ fhu~h k|x/ Lj[tdf / flvPsf] lhNnf k|x/ L

kl/ ;/ sf7df8f} +sf P;kL gj/ fh clwsf/ Ln] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . #) xhf/ eGbf a9L artstf{sf] * ca{ ?k} of“ art / x] sf] cfOl8on od'gf xfd|f] ;xsf/ L ;+: yfsf cWoIf pk|] tLlj?4 art / sd lxgfldgf u/ ] sf] ph'/ L k/ ] kl5 k|x/ Ln] kqmfp u/ ] sf] xf] . pk|] tL;“u} ;xsf/ Lsf cGo ;~rfnsdfly klg artstf{x¿n] ph'/ L xfn] sf 5g\ . kqmfp k'hL{ hf/ L / x] sfn]

pgLx¿ xfn km/ f/ 5g\ . g] skf Pdfn] sf] ;xsf/ L tyf ul/ aL lgjf/ 0f ljefu ;lrj;d] t / x] sf pk|] tLnfO{ artstf{sf] / sd lxgfldgf u/ ] sf] cf/ f] k nfu] kl5 kf6L{n] lhDd] jf/ Laf6 x6fPsf] lyof] . pk|] tLsf] g] t[Tjdf ;xsf/ L ;+: yfdf ;d: of cfPsfn] kf6L{sf] ;lrjfnon] pgnfO{ lhDd] jf/ Laf6 x6fPsf] g] skf Pdfn] sf] ;xsf/ L tyf ul/ aL lgjf/ 0f ljefun] hgfPsf] lyof] .

ufpF“d} k'u] 8fS6/ q a'l4 k'g ;Nofg, !( c;f/ . ;Nofgsf] 5q] Zj/ L ufp“kflnsf–% w'dw'd] sL &* alif{of dgL k'g 8fS6/ ;“u hrfpg kfp“bf v';L x'g'x'G5 . j[4 cj: yfdf 8fS6/ nfO{ b] vfP/ cfkm\gf] / f] usf af/ ] df u'gf;f] / fVg kfPsf] df pxf“ b+u x'g'x'GYof] . …xfd|f ufp“3/ df klg o;/ L 8fS6/ cfpg] / x] 5g\Ú pxf“n] eGg'eof] …8fS6/ ;“u ;a} s'/ f eGg kfP“, To;} df v';L nfu] sf] 5 .Ú pd] / n] g] 6f] sf6\b} hf“bf pxf“n] sfg sd ;'Gg'x'G5 . ufp“df ljz] if1 8fS6/ cfpg nfu] sf] yfxf kfPkl5 sl/ a b'O{ 306fsf] af6f] lx8] / pxf“ :jf:Yo lzlj/;Dd k'Ug'eof] . …cf“vf b] V5', sfg s] xL ;'lGbg\, ;Grf] lyPg\, 8fS6/ cfpg nfu] sf] yfxf kfP“, ;a] / } n6\7L 6] s] / psfnf] nfu] sL x'“, lbp“;f] dfq} cfOk'u] Ú pxf“n] eGg'eof] …lhNnf c: ktfn hfg ;lSbg, 8fS6/ ot} cfPsf] a] nf hrFpg' k¥of] eg] / cfPsL x'“ .Ú 8fS6/ sf cg';f/ pxf“nfO{ pRr / Qmrfk lyof] t/ pxf“nfO{ k|] ;/ sf af/ ] df s] xL yfxf lyPg . pxf“sf] : jf: Yo hf“r ub} { : jf: Yo CMYK

;] jf sfof{no ;Nofgsf k|d'v, sG;N6] G6 lkmlhl;og 8f= ch'{g s'df/ a'9f du/ n] eGg'eof] – …cfdf, tkfO{sf] k|] ;/ pRr 5, clxn] d} n] l;kmfl/ ; u/ ] sf] cf} iflw vfg', yk hf“rsf] nflu df} sf ldnfP/ rf“8} lhNnf c: ktfn cfpg' xf] nf .Ú 5q] Zj/ L ufp“kflnsf–% d} g] / Lsf $) alif{of s[i0ff lasnfO{ 6fpsf] b'Vg] ,

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dlxgfjf/ L x'g'cl3 tNnf] k] 6 b'Vg] / afGtf x'g] ;d: of 5 . avf{sf] ;do ePsfn] df] 6/ af6f] / fd|f] gx'“bf s;/ L lhNnf c: ktfn;Dd hfg] xf] nf eGg] pxf“nfO{ lrGtf lyof] . hj k|fyflds : jf: Yo s] Gb| n] vkf] v/ fdf laz] if1 : jf: Yo lzlj/ ;~rfng eof], lzlj/ af6 pxf“ nfeflGjt x'g'eof] . dgL / s[i0ff h: t} kf] v/ fsL k'ikf

;fksf] 6f lzlj/ df e] l6g'eof] . pxf“nfO{ ;“w} 6fpsf] b'lv/ fVg] ;d: of 5 . : jf: Yo hf“r tyf cf} iflw pkrf/ sf nflu laz] if1 8fS6/ ;Dd k'Ug] pxf“sf] rfxgf lyof] . t/ pxf“n] df} sf kfpg'ePsf] lyPg . …ufp“d} laz] if1 8fS6/;lxtsf] : jf: Yo lzlj/ df hf“r / pkrf/ kfPkl5 d v';L 5'Ú pxf“n] eGg'eof] …xfdL h: t} ufp“df a: g] gful/ ssf nflu of] ;'gf} nf] df} sf xf] .Ú : jf: Yo ;] jf sfof{no ;Nofgsf] cfof] hgf / 5q] Zj/ L ufp“kflnsfsf] ;xhLs/ 0fdf n] vkf] v/ fdf ;~rflnt PsLs[t hg: jf: Yo cleofg tyf laz] if1 : jf: Yo lzlj/ df $ ;o *^ hgfn] ;] jf lnPsf] hg: jf: Yo lgl/ Ifs Pjd\ vf] k sfo{qmd ;+of] hs tf/ f k|;fb l/ hfnn] atfpg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ Ho] i7 gful/ s &! hgf / cGo lj/ fdL $ ;o !% hgfn] ;] jf lnPsf 5g\ . ufp“eGbf 6f9f x'“bf w] / } gful/ s la/ fdL eP/ klg c: ktfn k'Ug ;Sb} gg\ . ;fdfGo la/ fdLn] ufp“sf] : jf: Yo s] Gb|df pkrf/ kfp“5g\ . t/ laz] if1 ;] jf kfpgsf] nflu lhNnf c: ktfnd} k'Ug'kg] { af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t ca :yfgLo txaf6} q bz/ y l3ld/ ] b] pv'/ L, !( c;f/ . n'lDagL k|b] z ;efdf : yfgLo ;] jfsf] u7g, ;~rfng / ;] jfsf zt{ ;DjGwdf Joj: yfkg ug{ ljw] os btf{ ePkl5 To;df bkmfjf/ 5nkmn yflnPsf] 5 . )*! j} zfv #) ut] ;efdf k] z ePsf] ljw] osdfly k|b] z dfldnf tyf sfg'g ;ldltn] aNn 5nkmn yfn] sf] xf] . …xfdL a"“bfa"“bfdf 5nkmn ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . of] P] gn] ;du| : yfgLo ;] jfnfO{ k|efjsf/ L agfpg e"ldsf v] Ng] ck] Iff 5Ú k|b] z ;ef ;b: o lgdf lu/ Ln] eGg'eof]– …: yfgLo txdf w] / } y/ Lsf sd{rf/ L 5g\ . sd{rf/ Lsf] dgf] an a9fpg pgLx?sf] sfo{Ifdtf a9fpg o; cl3 k|b] z ;/ sf/ n] Wofg lbg ;s] g t/ , clxn] : yfgLo txdf sfo{/ t sd{rf/ LnfO{ nlIft u/ ] / : yfgLo tx sd{rf/ L ;] jf P] g agfpg yflnPsf] 5 .Ú : yfgLo txsf] k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t : yfgLo txs} x'g] u/ L ;] jf P] g agfpg yflnPsf] jtfOPsf] 5 . : yfgLo txs} k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t geP dfq

k|b] z jf ;+3sf] x'g] u/ L 5nkmn rn] sf] 5 . …k|d'v k|zf;lso clw[st : yfgLo txaf6} / flvg' / fd|f] xf] . : yfgLo txdf sfo{/ t sd{rf/ Ln] cfkm' k'Ug ;Sg] cf] xf] bf yfxf kfpg ;sf] ;\ / To;nfO{ nIo agfpg ;sf] ;\ eg] / P] gdf ;d] l6Psf] 5 .Ú ndxL gu/ kflnsfdf sfo{/ t clws[t 5} 6f} + dx] z yfkf 7] 8L du/ n] eGg'eof] – …xfdL klg k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t aGg ;Sg] u/ L P] gn] tf] s] sf] 5 . of] ;sf/ fTds 5 .Ú : yfgLo lghfdtL ;] jfdf !@ cf} + tx / xg] k|: tfj ul/ Psf] 5 . ckf+utf ePsf JolQm /

dlxnf pDd] bjf/ sf] xsdf $) jif{sf] ;do ;Ldf k|j] zsf nflu of] Uo / xg] , sd{rf/ Ln] b} lgs sfo{;Dkfbg ljj/ 0f k] z ug'{kg] {, sd{rf/ Lsf] ;?jf rqmLo cg'dfgof] Uo x'g] u/ L Joj: yf ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . ue{ t'lxPsf] jf v] / uPsf] dlxnfn] ;'Ts] / L ePsf] ;doeGbf cfwf ;do labf kfpg] , sfof{nodf a;] / kmfOn x/ fpg] / n'sfpg] sd{rf/ LnfO{ sf/ jfxL ug] {, dfbs kbfy{ ;] jg u/ L sfof{no cfpg] nfO{ sf/ jfxL ug] {, k|b] z : t/ Lo cjsfz / sNof0fsf/ L sf] if : yfkgf ug] {, af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

b+uLz/0f k"0f{ ;+:yfut k|;'tL ;]jfo'Qm 3f]if0ff o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf t'n;Lk'/ , !( c;f/ . …;'/ lIft dft[Tj, xfdL ;j} sf] bfloTj, : jf: Yo ;: yfdf x'g] ;'Ts] / L, lbuf] agfcf} + ;w} el/ Ú eGg] d"n gf/ fsf ;fy b+uLz/ 0f ufp“kflnsfnfO k"0f{ ;+: yfut k|;'tL ;] jfo'Qm kflnsf 3f] if0ff ul/ Psf] 5 . b+uLz/ 0f ufp“kflnsf : jf: Yo zfvfsf] cfof] hgfdf sfo{qmd u/ ] / bfª lhNnfs} klxnf] k"0f{ ;+: yfut k|;'tL ;] jfo'Qm ufp“kflnsf 3f] if0ff ul/ Psf] xf] . 3f] if0ff sfo{qmddf af] Nb} sfo{qmdsf k|d'v clylt lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt bfªsf k|d'v lgTofgGb zdf{n] bfª lhNnfd} klxnf] : yfgLo txsf] ?kdf b+uLz/ 0f ufp“kflnsf 3f] if0ff

ePsf] df awfO 1fkg ug{'eof] . cfdf / lzz'nfO{ : jf: Yo ;+/ If0fsf nflu k"0f{?kdf ;+: yfut ;'Ts] / L x'g'n] g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf] lbuf] ljsf; nIfdf ;d] t ;xof] u k'Ug] ljZ jf; JoQm ug{'eof] . sd pd] / df ljx] ubf{ afn d[Tob/ / dft[ d[To'b/ a9\g] ePsfn] afn laafx Go"gLs/ 0fdf ;d] t Wofg lbg k|d'v zdf{n] cfu|x ug{'eof] . ;f] cj;/ df af] Nb} ufp“kflnsf cWoIf zDe' lu/ Ln] bfª lhNnfd} klxnf] ;+: yfut k|;'tLo'Qm ufp“kflnsf 3f] if0ff ug{df e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{] ;Dk"0f{ : jf: YosdL{x?k|lt wGojfb JoQm ug{'eof] . ;f] cj;/ df cWoIf lu/ Ln] ufp“kflnsfdf : jf: Yosf] If] qdf cfkm"x?n] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdd} ;d] 6] / y'k|} sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fPsf]

hfgsf/ L u/ fpg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf ljlzi6 clylt : jf: Yo sfof{no bfªsf k|d'v lszf] / cfrfo{n] gjlzz' d[To'b/ 36fpg y'k|} r'gf} tL / x] sf] / lszf] / Lx? cfdf x'g] ;"rs klg 36fpg r'gf} tL / x] sf] atfpg'eof] . s'g} klg dlxnfn] ue{ / x] s} sf/ 0f gjhft lzz' / cfdfn] Hofg u'dfpg gk/ f] ;\ eGb} k|f] 6f] sn cg';f/ sf] ;'Ts] / L ;] jf kfpg] clwsf/ ;'lglZ rt ug{'kg{] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmd cl3 : jf: YosdL{, hgk|ltlglw;lxt ¥ofnL ul/ Psf] lyof] . k"0f{?kdf ;+: yfut k|;'tL ;] jfo'Qm kflnsf 3f] if0ff ug{ e"ldsf v] Ng] & j6} j8fsf cWoIf / : jf: Yo ;: yf k|d'vx?, gl;{ª sd{rf/ Lx?nfO{ k|df0fkq / bf] ;Nnf;lxt ;Ddfg ul/ Psf] lyof] .

dfpG6 Eo' Oª\ln; af]l8{ª :s'n bfªsf] sIff !! df egf{;DaGwL ;"rgf Û lj=;+= @)*) ;fnsf] SEE k/LIffdf ;lDdlnt eP/ ljleGg GPA NofO{ pQL0f{ x'g ;kmn ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx¿nfO{ dfpG6 Eo' Oª\ln; af]l8{ª :s'n 3f]/fxL, bfª xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{5 . ;fy} z}lIfs;q @)*!÷)*@ sf nflu sIff !! df lj1fg ;d"x -Science Stream_ / Joj:yfkg ;d"x -Management Stream_ sf nflu egf{ v'n]sf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ . egf{ sfo{qmd

lj1fg ;d"x -Science Stream_ tyf Joj:yfkg ;d"x -Management Stream_ != kmf/fd ljt/0fM @)*! c;f/ !$ ut]b]lv @= kmf/fd a'emfpg] clGtd ldltM @)*! c;f/ @# ut] # ah];Dd #= k|j]z k/LIffM @)*! c;f/ @$ ut] laxfg &M#) ah] $= glthf k|sfzgM c;f/ @$ ut] ;fFem % ah] ;Dd %= egf{ z'?M @)*! c;f/ @% ut]b]lv !))Ü [lQsf] ^= sIff ;~rfngM @)*! >fj0f @ ut]b]lv 5fqj yf Joj: &= l;6 ;+VofM

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@)*! ;fn c;f/ @) ut] laxLjf/ (July 4, 2024)

www.nayayougbodh.com

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s[lifsf] v]tL ls /fhgLlts v]tL < ljkb\;DaGwL k"j{;"rgf k|jfxnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpm ljut s] xL lbgb] lv nuftf/ jiff{t\ eO/ x] sf] 5 . nfdf] v8] / LkZrft lelqPsf] dg;'gn] Iflt lgDTofpg z'? ul/ ;s] sf] 5 . nuftf/ sf] jiff{n] ljleGg lhNnfdf hgwgsf] Iflt x'g yfln;s] sf] 5 . 7fp“7fp“df klx/ f] n] ;8s cj?4 x'“bf ofq'x? cnkq kl/ / x] sf 5g\ . af9L klx/ f] sf] hf] lvd If] qsf gful/ sx?sf] b} lgsL 8/ qf;df ljlt/ x] sf] 5 . g] kfndf af9L, klx/ f] , 8'afg, lxdklx/ f] tyf lxdtfn la: kmf] 6g, r6\ofª, 89] nf] , cfunfuLh: tf k|fs[lts ljkb\ a;{] lg bf] xf] l/ g] u/ ] sf 5g\ . pQ/ af6–blIf0ftkm{ axg] clwsf+z gbL, vf] nfgfnf / vx/ ] n] g] kfndf aiff{ofddf lgDTofpg] af9L klx/ f] af6 a;{] lg 7"nf] hgwgsf] Iflt k'¥ofp“b} cfPsf] / fli6«o ljkb\ hf] lvd Go"gLs/ 0f tyf Joj: yfkg k|flws/ 0fn] hgfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf cWoog, cg';Gwfg / jftfj/ 0fLo k|efj ljZn] if0flagf vlgPsf ;8s ;+/ rgfn] klg af9L / klx/ f] sf] hf] lvdnfO{ yk dnhn u/ ] sf 5g\ . ljkb\af6 s"n ufx{: Yo pTkfbgdf jflif{s tLgb] lv kf“r k|ltzt x|f;;“u} cfly{s gf] S;fgL eO/ x] sf] cj: yf 5 . kl5Nnf] !) jif{df df} ;dhGo ljkb\ -af9L klx/ f] , ef/ L jiff{ / r6\ofª_ af6 tLg xhf/ %@ sf] d[To', ;ft ;o (! a] kQf tyf rf/ xhf/ Ps ;o &^ hgf 3fOt] ePsf k|flws/ 0fsf] tYofÍ 5 . o;cjlwdf cf7 xhf/ rf/ ;o $! ljkb\sf 36gf ePsfdf *% xhf/ 5 ;o $^ kl/ jf/ k|efljt ePsf lyP . utjif{ dfq} ;ft ;o ^) ljkb\sf 36gfaf6 ^# hgfsf] d[To', ^( 3fOt] tyf #) hgf a] kQf ePsf lyP . hn tyf df} ;d lj1fg ljefun] o;jif{ ;/ b/ eGbf a9L jiff{ x'g] cg'dfg u/ ] sf] 5 . ;'b"/ klZrd k|b] zsf] pQ/ –klZrd, afudtLsf] blIf0f k"jL{, dw] ;sf] dWoefu / sf] zLsf] dWo tyf dWo–klZrd e"–efudf ;/ b/ eGbf #% b] lv $% k|ltztn] a9L jiff{ x'g] cg'dfg 5 . dg;'ghGo ljkb\af6 o; jif{ sl/ a !* nfv hg;+Vof / rf/ nfv !@ xhf/ 3/ w'/ L k|efljt x'g] k|flws/ 0fsf] cg'dfg 5 . ljkb\af6 sl/ a *# xhf/ 3/ kl/ jf/ k|ToIf k|efljt x'g] cfFsng ul/ Psf] 5 . dg;'ghGo ljkt\af6 o; jif{ n'lDagLdf dfq} tLg nfv #^ xhf/ kfFr ;o %* gful/ s k|efljt x'g] k|flws/ 0fsf] cg'dfg 5 . kxf8df klx/ f] tyf t/ fO{df af9Laf6 hgwgsf] Iflt x'g;Sg] k|flws/ 0fsf] cg'dfg 5 . / fli6«o ljkb\ hf] lvd Go"gLs/ 0f tyf Joj: yfkg k|flws/ 0fsf] tYof+scg';f/ kl5Nnf !) jif{df af9Lklx/ f] sf rf/ xhf/ eGbf a9L 36gf ePsf 5g\, h;af6 b'O{ xhf/ eGbf a9Lsf] Hofg uPsf] 5 . of] jif{ klg dg;'g ;'? ePsf] s] xL lbgd} c;f/ klxnf] ;ftf k"jL{ kxf8df af9Lklx/ f] hf“bf 7"nf] dfqfdf hgwgsf] Iflt eof] . clxn] dg;'g;Fu} ljkb\ klg b] ze/ lj: tf/ ePsf] 5 . gbLdf kfgLsf] axfj a9\g] b] lvg] ljlQs} gbL t6Lo If] qdf pRr ;ts{tf ckgfpg hn tyf df} ;d lj1fg ljefu, af9L k"jf{g'dfg dxfzfvfn] ;fjwfgL ckgfpg cg'/ f] w ub} { cfPsf] 5 . dxfzfvfn] P;PdP; / ;fdflhs ;~hfndfkm{t af9Lsf] k"jf{g'dfg / To;;DaGwL ;ts{tf ckgfpg eGb} ;"lrt u/ ] klg Tof] ;"rgfnfO{ uDeL/ tfsf ;fy eg] lng] ul/ Psf] 5} g . ;/ sf/ n] hn tyf df} ;d lj1fg dxfzfvfdfkm{t hf/ L u/ ] sf o: tf ;"rgfnfO{ ;~rf/ dfWodx?n] klg Jofks ?kdf k|sfzg k|;f/ 0f ub} { cfPsf 5g\ . o;/ L : yfgLo : t/ ;Dd k'¥ofPsf] o: tf] ;"rgfnfO{ : yfgLo ;/ sf/ / x/ ] s gful/ sx?n] uDeL/ tfk"{s lng' clt g} h?/ L 5 . o: tf] ;"rgfnfO{ uDeL/ tfsf ;fy lng] kl/ kf6Lsf] cem} ljsf; ePsf] 5} g . To;} n] : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] o: tf] ;"rgfnfO{ gful/ s: t/ df Jofks agfpg klg h?/ L 5 . af9Lsf] k"j{;"rgf lbgsf nflu b] ze/ : jrflnt hn ;tx dfkg s] Gb|x¿ ;~rfngdf 5g\ . ljefun] b} lgs ¿kdf k"jf{g'dfg u/ ] / # lbgsf] k"j{;"rgf lbg] u5{ . gbLn] hf] lvdsf] ;txdf k'Ug] lalQs} ljefun] P;PdP;dfkm{t ;"rgf k7fp“5 . t/ jiff{t\hGo ljkb\sf 36gf e} / x“bf o: tf] ;/ sf/ L ;"rgfnfO{ : yfgLo ljkb\ Joj: yfkg ;DaGwL lgsfo / gful/ sn] j] jf: tf u/ ] sf] klg eGg ;lsG5 . x/ ] s lsl;dsf] ljkb\sf 36gf;“u h'Wgsf nflu s] Gb|b] lv k|b] z x'“b} : yfgLo tx;Dd ljkb\ hf] lvd, Go"gLs/ 0f, p4f/ tyf k|ltsfo{ of] hgfx¿ lgdf{0f ug'{kg{] sfg'gL Joj: yf 5 . To;sf nflu ;a} txsf ;/ sf/ x¿n] ljkb\sf] of] hgf agfpg] , hf] lvdsf] Go"gLs/ 0f ug{] , k"j{tof/ L, k|ltsfo{, vf] h– p4f/ sfo{, / fxt / k'gM: yf{kgf;DaGwLsf of] hgf;“u} ah] 6 klg ljlgof] hg ul/ Psf] x'G5 . : yfgLo txdf j8f tx;Dd ljkb\ cfkTsfnLg sfo{ ;~rfng s] Gb| jgfpg] elgPsf] 5 . To: tf s] Gb|x¿df @$ ;} 306f t} gfy hgzlQmx¿ x'g'kg{] , s] Gb|af6 g} ;"rgf ;+sng tyf k|;f/ 0f ug'{kg{] eGg] 5 . t/ ;a} If] qdf o: tf ;+/ rgf alg;s] sf 5} gg\ . t/ slDtdf klg df} ;d k"jf{g'dfg;DaGwL k|jfx ul/ Psf ;"rgfnfO{ uDeL/ tfk"j{s lng ;Sg] xf] eg] kflnsf: t/ sf ;+/ rgfn] klg w] / } Iflt / f] Sg ;S5g\ . ;ts{tf;DaGwL o: tf ;"rgfnfO{ klg uDeL/ tfsf ;fy lnP/ Iflt Go"gLs/ 0fdf ;xof] uL agf} + .

–

s;n] s] eg] < ;+ljwfgsf] hu j[xt zflGt ;Demf} tf xf] , j[xt zflGt ;Demf} tfsf] hu hgo'4 / hgcfGbf] ng xf] . dWo/ ftdf if8\oGqd"ns 9+uaf6 ;+ljwfg ;+zf] wgsf] ;xdlt u/ ] / pknlAwnfO{ g} pN6fp“b} @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg kmsf{pg nfu] sf] t xf] Og eGg] uDeL/ k|Zg p7] sf] 5 .

– b] jk|;fb u'?ª -dfcf] jfbL s] Gb|sf dxf;lrj_ g] kfn / fi6«nfO{ ;“w} ul/ a x'g k|] l/ t ug{] xfdLn] cjnDjg u/ ] sf] of] ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnL / lgjf{rg k|0ffnL g} xf] . ca ;fx; u/ ] / g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfg ;+zf] wg u/ L k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt k|0ffnLdf k|j] z u/ f} + .

– jfdb] j uf} td -/ fli6«o ;ef ;b: o_ g] kfnL sf+u|] ; / g] skf -Pdfn] _ aLr g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/ f &^-@_ adf] lhd s] =kL= zdf{ cf] nLsf] g] t[Tjdf ;/ sf/ u7g ug{ ;xdlt eO{ ;s] sf] df k|ltlglw ;efsf] ax'dt : ki6 b] lvPsf] cj: yfnfO{ dWogh/ u/ L k|wfgdGqLn] / fli6«o ;xdltsf] gof“ ;/ sf/ u7gsf nflu dfu{ k|z: t ug{ plrt x'G5 .

– s[i0fk|;fb kf} 8] n -sf+u|] ;sf d'Vo;lrj_ ;/ sf/ n] k|: t't u/ ] sf] dGqfnout ah] 6df d] / f] c;Gt'li6 5 . s[lifnfO{ Ps jif{df cfw'lglss/ 0f / k|ljlwd} qL Joj;foLs/ 0f ug] { elgPsf] 5 . t/ ! ca{ a9L ah] 6 s6f} tL ul/ Psf] 5 . o: tf] gLltn] s;/ L s[lifnfO{ cufl8 n} hfG5 ;/ sf/ n] < – cfgGbk|;fb 9'+ufgf -/ fli6«o ;ef ;b: o_

xfd|f k'vf{n] cGgdo+ a|x\d eg] / v] tLnfO{ dxTj lbPsf lyP . k|f0f wfGg] cGg xf] . ufp“df clxn] htftt} v] tLsf] rxnkxn 5 . dfgf] 5/ ]/ d'/ L pAhfpg] of] v] tLsf] ofddf ls;fgx? vfof] gvfof] u/ L v]tLdf v6] sf 5g\ . csf{sf] lgGbfrrf{, lv;Ll6p/ L p7fk6\sL x}g Ps csf{nfO{ ;3fp“b} / f]kfO“df /dfpg] ufp“n] ;+: sf/ dhfn] b] Vg ;lsG5 . vf]nf] of gbL af“w] / ;fd"lxs ?kn] v] t v]tdf kfgL nufpg] k'/fgf] rng clxn] klg oyfjt 5 . jgsf emf/ – h+un, : ofpnf, kft–klt+u/ hDdf u/ ]/ cfkm} dn tof/ ug] { rng eg] ca / x]g . To;} n] dnvfbsf] cefj 5. ufp“3/ df o: tf] v] tLsf] drfdr ePsf] of] a] nf zx/ ahf/ df, l;+xb/ af/ df / / fhgLlts g] tfx?sf] vf] kLdf / fhgLlts v] tLsf] w"dwfdsf] df} ;d 5 . k|r08 lgjf;sf] eL8 clxn] cf]nL lgjf; / b]pjf lgjf;df ;/ ]sf] 5 . zx/ ahf/ tft] sf] 5 . g] tfx?n] c? s] xL ug{ g;s] klg cfn', d"nf, ;fu–;AhL, t] n, v';f{gL, b"w, bxL, cGgkftdf cfTdlge{/ agfpg ;Sy] . afx|} df; ;Qfsf] v] tL ug{ vlKk; g] tfx? clxn] klg ToxL v]tL ub} {5g\ . of] nfdf] cjlwdf d'n'snfO{ geO{ gx'g] sfg'g lbg ;s] sf 5} gg\ . zflGt ;Demf} tfsf af“sL sfd cnkq kf/ ]sf 5g\ . ;'zf;g dfq ;'uf /6fO{ ag] sf] 5 . d'n's c/ fhs aGg] vt/ f 5 . ;+ljwfg lg/ Lx sfuhsf] vf] i7f] dfq} xf] . To;df k|f0f km'Sg] g]tf / hgtf x'g\ . ;+ljwfgsf] agf] 6 cg';f/ Pp6} kf6L{sf] ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ c;+ej 5 gegf} + sl7g cjZo xf] . of] ljifo a'em\b} ga'em] / Tof] a]nfsf] ;+;bn] kf; u¥of] eGg' klg ;+;bs} cjdfggf x'g hfnf . o;df ;+ljwfgsf] vf] 6eGbf klg sfof{Gjogsf] vf] 6 eGg ;'xfpnf . ;do qmddf o;df ;'wf/ ug] { s'/fdf ;Qfsf] v] tLeGbf ;dembf/ L / ljj] ssf] vf“rf] kg] { x'G5 . clxn] h'g 9+un] ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf] wgsf] ljifo cfPsf] 5 To;df ;Qfsf] v]n 5} g eGg ldNg] h: tf] b]lvPg . o;n] d'n'snfO{ l: y/ tflt/

xfd|f] d'n'ssf] ;d: of ;+ljwfg ;+zf] wg klg xf] Og . a? g] t[Tjsf] ljrf/ sf] / dgsf] ;+zf] wgsf] ;d: of xf] . kSs} klg ;a} nfO{ dxfdfgj agfpg ;lsGg . t/ g] t[Tjdf k'u] sfx?n] ;f] Rg'kg] { x} g / < d'n's cfly{s b[li6sf] 0fn] lgs} kl5 k/ ] klg jfx\o ;+;f/ sf] k|efjn] oxf“ k|hftGq cfPsf] xf] . g] tfx?nfO{ sfo{stf{ rflxG5 . cljsl;t b] zsf sfo{stf{x?sf] k] zf g} / fhgLlt ePkl5 / fhgLlts v] tL z'? eof] . d"n ;d: of oxL xf] .

u gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{ eGbf cl: y/tftkm{ 8f]¥ofpg] vt/ f klg 5 . ef/ tsf] ;+ljwfg a'xdtLo k|0ffnLnfO{ ;xh kfg] { vfnsf] eP klg jiff} {+b] lv u7aGwgs} ;/sf/ rNb} cfPsf 5g\ . g] kfndf ;+ljwfg ;+zf] wg ul/ P klg u7aGwgaf6 d'lQmsf] Uof/]G6L 5} g . oxf“sf] a'xeflifs, ax'hftLo, ax';f+: s[lts ;dfh ePsf]n] s;} sf] Ps 5q ax'dtsf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsGg . j: t'tM nf] stGq eg] s} ;femf ;+: s[lt xf] . ;lxi0f'tf o;sf] u'bL xf] . xfd|f] oxf“ cem} oxL s'/ fsf] cefj 5 . ;/sf/ sf] u7g / lj36gsf] ;"Id ;dLIff ug] { xf] eg] b'O{rf/ g] tfsf] vNtL d"n sf/0f b]lvG5 . tYo o: tf] eP klg of] tYo leqsf] csf] { tYo s] klg xf] eg] b'O{rf/ g] tfx?nfO{ kmsfpg] , km'nfpg] , 8/fpg] / rDsfpg] jfx\o k|oTg klg huhfx]/ 5 . of] vNtLk|yf gx6] ;Dd g] kfnsf] nf] stGqn] ;xL lb;f ks8\g ;Sb} g . of] vNtLk|yfsf] csf] { bf]if s] klg xf] eg] kf6L{x? l;4fGt / ljrf/ df grn] / tTIf0f nfexfgLsf] df] x hfndf kb{5g\ . cl: ytf/sf] d"n h/ f] oxL xf] . / fhgLltdf l: y/tf / ultzLntf Ps l;Ssfsf b'O{ kf6f h: t} x'g\ . ;+/ rgfTds l: y/ tf / sfo{qmlds ultzLntf b'a} cfjZos 5g\ . ;/ sf/ L ;+/ rgfx? l: y/tfsf k|tLs x'g\ . To;nfO{ xf“Sg] /fhgLlts g] t[Tj xf] . 8«fOe/ km]l/ b} df aaf{b x'g] xf] Og . oxf“ xfd|f] oxL a'emfOdf sdhf] / L 5 . k|wfgdGqL km] l/ P klg ;+/ rgf l: y/ b[9 5“b} 5g\ .

clxn] ;fdfGo hgtf / ge'Nndf 5g\ . cNk;+Vos a'l4hLjL ;d'bfo tYoeGbf leGg–leGg j} rfl/ s lsQfdf b] lvbf ;f] emf hgtf / ge'Nndf k/]sf x'g\ . Pdfn] / dfcf] jfbLsf] ;/sf/ aGgf ;fy klZrd / ef/tsf] xf/ / rLgsf] lht eg] / k|rf/ ul/ G5 . To: t} sf+u|]; ;/ sf/ df k'u] ef/ t / klZrdsf] lht eg] / k|rf/ ul/ G5 . pbfx/ 0fdf clxn] dfcf] jfbL / Pdfn] sf] ;/ sf/ 9Nbf rLgsf] k/ fho elgb}5 . ljb] zL rnv] n dfq d"n sf/0f eP tt\tt\ ;/ sf/ x?nfO{ ljb] zLx?n] g} arfOlbg'kg] { xf] lg t † To;f] t b] lvPg . j: t'tM clxn] sf] /fhgLlts l;4fGt bz{g ljrf/ df cfwfl/ t 5“b} 5} g . b] vfpg vf] lhG5 eg] aflx/ sf] vf] n dfq xf] . ToxL vf] nsf k5fl8 xfd|f ldl8ofsdL{x? bu'l/ / x] sf x'G5g\ . u'bL vf] hL g} ub} {gg\ . cfhsf] ljZj / fhgLlt klg l;4fGt, bz{g, d"No, dfGotf / g} ltstfdf cfwfl/ t 5“b} 5} g . lgtfGt cfly{s jr{Zj g} ;jf{lws dxTjsf] ljifo ag] sf] 5 . k|yd ljZj o'4sf] ;dflKt kl5 tTsfnLg / fi6«klt ?ha]N6sf egfO{ / cfhsf cd]l/sL /fi6«klt jfO8]gsf] egfO{ t'ngf u/ ]/ x] g'{xf] ;\ . of] o'u cfly{s jr{Zjsf] dfq / xg uPsf] 5 .

To;} sf] t'R5 k|efj cg'?k g] kfnsf] /fhgLlt x'g k'u] sf] 5 . k|hftGq, ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfbsf] emu8fsf] o'usf] cj;fg eO;s] sf] 5 . Tof] kms{Gg / kms] { klg To; ?kdf / xGg . lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] k'/ fgf] juL{o

lrGtgdf km] / abn NofO;s] sf] 5 . lxhf] sf] h: tf] ls;fg–dhb"/ cfGbf] ng x} g a? ef/ tsf] ls;fg cfGbf] ng h: t} 6«] S6/ , 6«s / : sfe] 6/ sf dflnsx?sf] hdfgf cfof] . g] kfnsf lzIfsx?n] s] xL dlxgf cl3 ;/ sf/ nfO{ ysf{Psf dfq} x} g w] / yf] / xfl;n klg u/ ] . sd{rf/ L cfGbf] ngaf6 ;/ sf/ hlt cfltG5 b"Uw pTkfbsx?sf cfGbf] ngaf6 Tolt cfltGg . ca t cfGbf] ng cfd;+rf/ dfWodaf6 x'g yfln;Sof] . ;/ sf/ x] / km] / sf] ef] ufO ef] Ub} cfPsf] g] kfnL hgtfnfO{ of] x] / km] / n] vf;} cem} 5'g ;s] sf] 5} g . ;w} sf] cl: y/ tfsf] s'/ fdf ;+ljwfg ;+zf] wgsf] gof“ cl: y/ tf ylkg] qf; klg 5 . of] ax; nfdf] hfg] 5 . ;+ljwfg aGg] a] nfsf hgtfaf6 dfu ul/ Psf k'/ fgf kf] sf vf] Ng] xf] eg] 5'6\6} ;+ljwfg ;+zf] wg kj{ aG5 . To;f] x} g / pxL k'/ fg} z} nLsf] g] tfsf uf] hLaf6 xf6x'6 u/ ] / ;+ljwfg ;+zf] wg xf] eg] k'/ fg} / f] u bf] xf] l/ G5 . To;} n] xfd|f] d'n'ssf] ;d: of ;+ljwfg ;+zf] wg klg xf] Og . a? g] t[Tjsf] ljrf/ sf] / dgsf] ;+zf] wgsf] ;d: of xf] . kSs} klg ;a} nfO{ dxfdfgj agfpg ;lsGg . t/ g] t[Tjdf k'u] sfx?n] ;f] Rg'kg] { x} g / < d'n's cfly{s b[li6sf] 0fn] lgs} kl5 k/ ] klg jfx\o ;+;f/ sf] k|efjn] oxf“ k|hftGq cfPsf] xf] . g] tfx?nfO{ sfo{stf{ rflxG5 . cljsl;t b] zsf sfo{stf{x?sf] k] zf g} / fhgLlt ePkl5 / fhgLlts v] tL z'? eof] . d"n ;d: of oxL xf] .

7"nf–7"nf e|i6frf/ sf08x? wdfwd aflx/ cfPs} a] nf / ftf/ ft ;Qf km] / abnn] y'k|} z+sf pAhfPsf] 5 . s] xL a] / cl3 k|fWofks Pj+ / fhgLlts ljZn] ifs s[i0f vgfn / csf{ ljZn] ifs k'/ ~hg cfrfo{sf] cGtjf{tf{ ;'Gb} lyP“ . g] kfnsf] / fhgLlts af6f] w] / } las6 / w] / } h] lnPsf] 5 . jiff} {+b] lvsf ck/ fwsd{x? e|i6frf/ sf sf08x? v'Nb} 5g\ . of] v] tLsf] a] nfsf] cfsl: ds / fhgLlts v] tLsf] v]n rln/xg]5 .

e"ldxLgnfO{ Gofo slxn] < @)*! c;f/ ( ut] wgu9L pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf] 8f] h/ x;gk'/ a: tLdf l5/ ] / 3/ x¿ eTsfpg yfNof] . dflg;x¿ efufefu eP . nQfsk8f / vfBfGg Ifltu|: t x'g k'Uof] . pv/ dfpnf] udL{df 3/ af/ ljxLg e"ldxLgx¿ elTsPsf] 3/ } cufl8 ;8sdf a: g afWo eP . cfkm} n] dt lbP/ r'g] sf hgk|ltlglwsf] lgb{] zgdf ljsNk / Joj: yfkglagf a: tL phfl8bf e"ldxLgsf] larNnL eof] . ;fy} , ;+ljwfgdf pNn] lvt df} lns xscGtu{tsf] ;Ddfgk"j{s af“Rg kfpg] xs, ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs, cfjf;sf] xs, blntsf] xsdfly xdnf eof] . pgLx¿ @)%) ;fnb] lv Toxf“ a: b} cfPsf lyP . gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf] To; hldg vfnL u/ fpg pkdxfgu/ kflnsfn] s] xL ;dootf tfs] tf ul/ / x] sf] lyof] . t/ sxf“ hfg] eGg] 7] ufgf gx'“bf a: tL 5f8\g g;lsPsf] kLl8tx¿sf] u'gf;f] 5 . sfg'gdf e"ldxLg, ;'s'Daf;Lsf] ;d: of ;dfwfg ug{] Joj: yf ePsf] elgP klg hgk|ltlglwn] 8f] h/ nufP/ v] b] sfn] cGofo ePsf] pgLx¿ atfp“5g\ . ul/ a, e"ldxLg, ;'s'Daf;L, blnt / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfodfly cem} klg HofbtL, cGofo / zf] if0fsf 36gf eO/ x] sf 5g\ . wgu9Lsf] 36gf Pp6f ;Gbe{ dfq} xf] . g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ df df} lns xscGtu{tsf] wf/ f #& n] cfjf;sf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ub{} k|To] s gful/ snfO{ pko'Qm cfjf;sf] xs x'g] Joj: yf u/ ] sf] 5 . wf/ f $) df blntsf] xsdf / fHon] e"ldxLg blntnfO{ sfg'gadf] lhd Ps k6s hldg pknAw u/ fpg] / cfjf;ljxLg blntnfO{ a;f] af;sf] Joj: yf ug{] …Uof/ ] G6LÚ u/ ] sf] 5 .

df} lns xsnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ e"ld P] g, @)@! sf] cf7f} + ;+zf] wg eO{, pQm P] g sfof{Gjog ug{] qmddf @)&^ df e"ld;DaGwL ;d: of ;dfwfg cfof] u / @)&* df / fli6«o e"ld cfof] u u7g ePsf] lyof] . kl5Nnf] cfof] u ;/ sf/ n] vf/ ] h ul/ ;s] sf] 5 . oBlk ;+zf] lwt P] g / lgodfjnLcg';f/ e"ldxLg blnt, e"ldxLg ;'s'Daf;L / cJojl: yt a;f] af;Lsf] hUuf btf{ Pj+ hUuf Joj: yfkgsf] d"n lhDd] jf/ L : yfgLo txs} / x] sf] 5 . e"ld clwsf/ af6 jl~rtx¿sf] clwsf/ sf] ;jfndf jsfnt ubf{ s] xL jif{ cl3;Ddsf] d'Vo ;d: of o;;DaGwL k|:6 / hgd'vL P] g, sfg'g, lgodfjnLnufot gLltut Joj: yfkg gx'g' lyof] . clxn] gLltut Joj: yfdf w] / } ;'wf/ ePsf] 5 . oBlk sfd x'g ;s] sf] 5} g, a? p7Laf;sf 36gfx¿ 3l6/ x] sf 5g\ . @)*) kmfu'g ( ut] u[x dGqfnon] ;fj{hlgs hUuf ;+/ If0fsf nflu cltqmlds hUuf vfnL ug{] eGb} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox¿df kl/ kq u¥of] . To;kl5 klg ;/ sf/ L / ;fj{hlgs hUuf zlQm / kx'“rsf] cf8df sAhf ug{] tyf u} / sfg'gL ¿kdf btf{ ug{] Jofj;flos 3/ fgf, / fhgLlts bn, ;+3;+: yf jf cGo zlQmzfnLx¿dfly cg';Gwfg ePsf] ;'lg“b} g . a? ;a} sf] gh/ e"ldxLg, ;'s'Daf;L / blntx¿sf] a: tLdf k/ ] sf] 5 . pgLx¿dfly HofbtL a9] sf] 5 . e"ld;DaGwL P] gdf …;/ sf/ L, P] nfgL, ktL{ jf clen] vdf jg If] q hlgPsf] eP tfklg !) jif{b] lv cfdf] b sdf] b ub{} cfPsf] eP / cfjfbLdf kl/ 0ft ePsf] hUuf xf] eg] btf{ ug{ ldNg] Ú elgPsf] 5 . ;f] xLcg';f/ nut ;+sng / cGo

k|lqmof cl3 al9/ x] sf] 5 . u[x dGqfnoaf6 hf/ L lj1lKtdf klg …;fj{hlgs Pj+ ;/ sf/ L : jfldTjdf / x] sf] P] nfgL, ;lGw;k{g, uf} r/ g, 3f6 cflb hUufx¿ sfg'gljk/ Lt s;} n] cfkm\gf] gfddf btf{ u/ ] sf] jf vf; p2] Zo jf k|of] hgsf nflu s'g} ;+: yfsf] ef] urng jf lgoGq0fdf / xg] u/ L ;'Dk] sf] jf lhDdf lbPsf ;fj{hlgs / ;/ sf/ L hUufx¿ anhkm\tL cltqmd0f jf sAhf u/ L lghL ¿kdf btf{ u/ ] sf] , bflvn vf/ ] h jf rng rnfO{ xs x: tfGt/ 0f u/ ] sf] eP, ;f] sf] hfgsf/ L u[x dGqfno jf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf ;"rgf lbg'Ú eg] sf] xf] . xfn : yfgLo ;/ sf/ x¿n] ul/ / x] sf] h: tf] cdfgjLo 9+un] , ljsNklagf wdfwd 8f] h/ nufP/ hah{: tL p7Laf; u/ eg] sf] xf] Og . u[x dGqfnosf] lj1lKtnfO{ unt ¿kdf JofVof u/ L k': tf} +b] lv a;f] af; ub{} cfPsf gful/ snfO{ plrt Joj: yfkg tyf ljsNklagf p7Laf; nufpg yflnPsf] 5 . o;af6 ul/ a, blnt, e"ldxLg / ;'s'Daf;Lx¿ ;a} eGbf w] / } dsf{df k/ ] sf 5g\ . o;qmddf dfgjclwsf/ sf] ;d] t pNn+3g ePsf] 5 . nf] stflGqs d'n'sdf gful/ sdflysf] cdfgjLo sfo{ nHhf: kb / v] bhgs 5 . ;fj{hlgs hUuf, ;DklQ / ;|f] tx¿sf] ;+/ If0f gful/ ssf] klg bfloTj xf] . t/ ;+/ If0fsf] gfddf lagfljsNk hah{: tL p7Laf; u/ fOg' plrt xf] Og . h;nfO{ ul/ asf] kL8fn] b'Vb} g . hf] / fHo / oxf“sf] ;|f] t;fwgdf ;+e|fGt ju{sf] dfq kx'“r x'g'k5{ eGg] 7fG5g\, hf] ;“u zlQm / kx'“r 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ o: tf ;jfnn] cfsif{0f gunf{ . To;} n] 8f] h/ rnfpg] x¿dfly jfxjfxL unf{g\ .

u ;'idf Gof} kfg] t/ , ul/ adflysf] cGofo / sfg'gsf] dgk/ L JofVof / lg/ +s'ztfn] ul/ adfly Gofo ub{} g . / fHosf] st{Jo / hjfkmb] lxtf k"/ f x'“b} g . o: tf] vfn] c;dfgtf, lje] b, HofbtL / x“b} ubf{ v';L g] kfnL / ;d[4 g] kfn aGg ;Sb} g . ctM ;+3Lo ;/ sf/ , u[x dGqfno, e"ld Joj: yf, ;xsf/ L tyf ul/ aL lgjf/ 0f dGqfno, dfgjclwsf/ cfof] u / ;Dk"0f{ ;/ f] sf/ jfnfsf] Wofg o: tf 36gfk|lt hfg'k5{ . larNnLdf k/ ] sf e"ldxLg kl/ jf/ sf nflu plrt / fxt / Jojl: yt k'gaf{;sf] sfo{ ul/ g'k5{ . / , cfufdL lbgdf ;a} txsf ;/ sf/ n] gful/ ssf] plrt Joj: yfkglagf hah{: tL p7Laf; h: tf] HofbtL / cdfgjLo sfo{ cljnDa aGb ug'{k5{ . tTsfnsf nflu ;+3Lo ;/ sf/ af6} ljsNk / Joj: yfkglagf ul/ g] p7Laf; / f] Sg kxn lng'k5{ . ;fy} cbfntn] ;d] t sfg'gL Joj: yfcg';f/ cfof] u u7g u/ ] / jf k'/ fg} cfof] unfO{ sfo{ ug{] lhDd] jf/ Lsf] af6f] v'nf u/ ] / oL ;d: ofx¿ : yfoL ;dfwfgsf nflu ;3fpg'k5{ . -sflGtk'/ af6_

Gof} kfg] e"ld clwsf/ cleoGtf x'g\ .

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@)*! ;fn c;f/ @) ut] laxLjf/ (July 4, 2024)

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3f] / fxL, !( c;f/ . s[lif ljsf; a} +s lnld6] 8 zfvf sfof{no gf/ fo0fk'/ n] 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ kflnsf j8f g+= !@ gf/ ] jfªl: yt u9L6fs'/ f b] j: ynnfO{ rf/ nfv ;xof] u x: tfGt/ 0f u/ ] sf] 5 . ;+: yfut ;fdflhs pQ/ bfloTj sfo{qmd cGtu{t s[lif ljsf; a} +s lnld6] 8sf pk–dxfk|aGws o1k|sfz Gof} kfg] n] u9L6fs'/ f b] j: yn ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf 3gZofd clwsf/ LnfO{ rf/ Nffv ?k} of“sf] r] s x: tfGt/ 0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/ df u9L6fs'/ f b] j: yndf : yfkgf ul/ Psf] lznfn] vsf] cgfj/ 0f ;d] t ul/ Psf] 5 . u9L6fs'/ f b] j: yn ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf 3gZofd clwsf/ Lsf] cWoIftf tyf s[lif ljsf; a} +s s] Gb|Lo sfof{nosf pk– dxfk|jGws o1k|sfz Gof} kfg] sf] k|d'v cfltYotf Pj+ s[lif ljsf; a} +s n'lDagL k|b] zsf k|d'v lgb] {zs gf/ fo0fk|;fb cfrfo{sf] ljlzi6 cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf lznf n] vsf] cgfj/ 0f ul/ Psf] xf] .

b] j: ynn] @)*) ;fn h] 7 & ut] b] lv !# ut] ;Dd ;~rflnt >Ldb\efujt wg wfGof~rn ;Ktfx syf 1fgdxfo1df bfg ug] { @ ;o #% hgf bftfx?sf] gfdfjnL ;d] 6] / lznfn] v tof/ ul/ Psf] xf] . ;f] cj;/ df s[lif ljsf; a} +s e} / xjfsf lgb] {zs / fh] Gb| / fgfef6, 3f] / fxL– !@ sf cWoIf bf] 0f{axfb'/ axs/ L j8f g+= !! sf cWoIf s'naxfb'/ nfld5fg] , lzIff

o'jf tyf v] ns'b dxzfvf 3f] / fxLsf k|d'v ljgf] b uf} tdnufotn] z'esfdgf JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . u9L6fs'/ f b] j: yn ;~rns ;ldltsf pkfWoIf lx/ faxfb'/ jxs/ Lsf] : jfut dGtJoaf6 cf/ De ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f s[lif ljsf; a+} s gf/ fo0fk'/ zfvfsf k|jGws / fhs'df/ ljZjsdf{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

tf/ Joj: yfkg ug] {nfO{ ;Ddfg gjlgld{t ljBfno ejgsf] pb\3f6g cf] nLn] z} lIfs If] qsf] ;'wf/ sf nflu lzIfs, ljBfyL{ / efn'afª, !( c;f/ . cleefjsx?sf] lqkIfLo ;DaGw / fKtL ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= ^ ;'dw'/ x'g'kg{] atfpg'eof] . kTy/ u9jfdf / x] sf] 1fgf] bo sfo{qmddf ejg lgdf{0f dfWolds ljBfnosf] gjlgld{t ;ldltsf cWoIf eLdaxfb'/ ^ sf] 7] kSsL ejgsf] a'waf/ rf} w/ Ln] ejg lgdf{0f sfo{sf] pb\3f6g ul/ Psf] 5 . vr{ ljj/ 0f k|: t't ug{'ePsf] lqmol6ª kf] l;lalnl6h lyof] .

-l;kL_ g] kfn ;+: yfsf] *% nfv ;+: yfsf sfo{sf/ L lgb{] zs !$ xhf/ *& ?k} of“ nfutdf lbg] z/ fh ;fksf] 6fn] gjlgld{t lgdf{0f ePsf] pQm ejgsf] ejg ljBfnonfO{ x: tfGt/ 0f / fKtL ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf u/ ] sf] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . lzIfs k|sfz lji6n] pb\3f6g ug{'ePsf] cleefjs ;+3sL ;+of] hs zld{nf xf] . ejg pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf rf} w/ Lsf] cWoIfdf ;DkGg af] Nb} cWoIf lji6n] z} lIfs pQm sfo{qmddf ufp“kflnsfsL u'0f: t/ sfod ug{ ef} lts pkfWoIf sdnfktL rf} w/ L, k|d'v k"jf{wf/ sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf k|zf;sLo clws[t g] aaxfb'/ x'g] atfpg'eof] . To: t} cWoIf jnL, j8f g+= ^ sf sfo{jfxs lji6n] lzIff lgMz'Ns ;“u;“u} cWoIf uLtfs'df/ L rf} w/ L, u'0f: t/ Lo / Jofjxfl/ s x'g'kg{] lzIff zfvf k|d'v ljZjf; las, s'/ fdf hf] 8 lbb} To;sf] nflu lqmol6ª kf] l;lalnl6h -l;kL_ ;a} kIf lhDd] jf/ eP/ nfUg'kg{] g] kfnsf sfo{sf/ L lgb{] zs atfpg'eof] . lbg] z/ fh ;fksf] 6fnufotn] sfo{qmddf ufp“kflnsfsL dGtJo JoQm ug{'ePsf] lyof] . pkfWoIf sdnfklt rf} w/ Ln] ljBfnosL lzlIfsf a;GtL ;/ sf/ n] ug{'kg{] sfd ;+: yfn] rf} w/ Lsf] : jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? u/ ] sf] eGb} ;+: yfsf] k|z+;f ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f ug{'eof] . kflnsfsf k|d'v ljBfnosf lzIfs xs{axfb'/ k|zf;sLo clws[t g] aaxfb'/ rf} w/ Ln] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . q t'naxfb'/ sj“/ du/

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf 3f] / fxL, !( c;f/ .

3f] / fxL–!% n] ljB'tsf] kf] nsf tf/ Joj: yfkg ug] { : jo+;] jL k|fljlws l6dnfO{ a'wjf/ ;Ddfg u/ ] sf] 5 . j8f cWoIf / d] zs'df/ kf08] sf] cWoIftfdf ljleGg sDkgLsf k|fljlwsnfO{ ;Ddfg u/ ] sf] xf] . pgLx?n] j8fleqsf kf] nsf tf/ Joj: yfkg ug{ lgMz'Ns ;xof] u u/ ] sf lyP . o;/ L ;Ddflgt x'g] x?df ;'la;'sf ch'{g rf} w/ L / Zofd k'g, l;d l6lesf ldng du/ , efof] g] 6sf / ljg rf} w/ L, jN8{ ln+ssf dx] z rf} w/ L, l8; xf] dsf s'naxfb'/ rf} w/ Lnufot k|fljlwsx? ;Ddflgt x'g'eof] . o;} u/ L g] kfn 6] lnsd, Pgl;Pn, j] j ;e{/ , 6] s dfOG8sf k|fljlws klg ;Ddflgt eP . ljB't

k|;f/ 0f eO/ x] sf] a] nfdf klg hf] lvd df] n] / k|fljlwsn] lgMz'Ns sfd u/ ] sf lyP . ljB'tsf tf/ n] ahf/ s'?k b] lvPsfn] cgfjZos tf/ sf6] / Joj: yfkg ul/ Psf] cWoIf kf08] n] atfpg'eof] . Ps r/ 0fsf] sfo{qmd ;lsPsf] / cfp“bf cfly{s jif{df lg/ Gt/ tf lbg] pxf“sf] egfO{ lyof] . 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/ kflnsf pkef] Qmf lxt ;+/ If0f zfvf k|d'v df] xg l;+x ;'gf/ n] em'l08Psf tf/ n] b'3{6gf x'g] vt/ f / xg] , ;jf/ L ;fwgdf cNem] / ;d: of Nofpg] / ahf/ nfO{ s'?k agfPsf] eGb} tf/ Joj: yfkgsf] sfdsf] ;/ fxgf ug'{eof] . g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf cWoIf b'uf{nfn s] ;Ln] o: tf] sfd ;a} lt/ ug{ ;'emfj lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f j8f ;b: o n] vgfy a'9fyf] sLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

;s]{uf8df lanlagf &# nfv e'QmfgL o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf

sf] lgod #( -%_ df ljk/ Lt pQm cfly{s jif{df &# nfv x'Dnf, !( c;f/ . !# xhf/ tLg ;o e'QmfgL x'Dnfsf] ;s] {uf8 ufp“kflnsfn] lbPsf] k|ltj] bgdf pNn] v 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷*) df pQm / sd 3/ ef8fafkt Ps &# nfveGbfa9L sfuhftlag} nfv (^ xhf/ % ;o ^), e'QmfgL lbPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . a} 7s eQf $) xhf/ , / fxt dxfn] vf k/ LIfssf] sfof{nosf] ljt/ 0f Ps nfv #% xhf/ , jflif{s k|ltj] bgdf lanlahs OGwgdf #% xhf/ , sfof{no lagf g} e'QmfgL lbOPsf] ;fdfg vl/ bdf Ps nfv, cf}+NofOPsf] 5 . cg'udg eQf b'O{ nfv, pQm kflnsfn] cfly{s ljB'tLo ;fdu|L vl/ bdf sfo{ljlw tyf ljQLo tLg nfv () xhf/ vr{ ePsf] pQ/ bfloTj lgodfjnL @)&&, 5 .

z'4 kfgL rflxPdf e08f/L jf6/ ;Knfo;{

lkpg] / 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu 7"nf] 6\of+s/ ePsf], #)) lkm6 ulx/fOaf6 af]l/ª ul/Psf] z'4 lkpg] kfgL pknAw 5 . ;Dks{ : yfgM )*@–%^##(#, (*!***%(&#

o'jfnfO{ Joj;fo of]hgf lgdf{0faf/] tflnd o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf t'n;Lk'/ , !( c;f/ . t'n;Lk'/ sf o'jfnfO{ Joj;fo of] hgf lgdf{0f;DaGwL tflnd lbg yflnPsf] 5 . gu/ leq Joj;fo ul/ / x] sf tyf gof“ Joj;fodf hf] l8g nfu] sf o'jfnfO{ Joj;fo of] hgf lgdf{0faf/ ] tflnd lbg yflnPsf] xf] . tflndsf] a'waf/ t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf lgjt{dfg gu/ k|d'v 3gZofd kf08] n] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] xf] . lu|g kmfp08]zgsf cWoIf ;d]t /xg'ePsf kf08]n] o'jfnfO{ Jofj;flos nIosf;fy cl3 a9\g cfu|x ug'{eof] . t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsf j8f g+ ^ sf cWoIf b'hdfg e08f/ Ln] tflnd kZrft ;kmn Joj;foL aGg o'jfnfO{

cfu|x ug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsf lzIff zfvf k|d'v rqm e08f/ L, sfo{kflnsf ;b: o a;Gtf s] ;L, Goflos ;ldlt ;b: o nfndtL e08f/ Lnufotn] af] Ng'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf sl/ a @) hgf o'jfsf] ;xeflutf / x] sf] 5. tflnddf Joj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu agfpg'kg] { of] hgfaf/ ] k|lzIf0f ul/ Psf] lyof] . tflndsf] pb\3f6g gu/ : t/ Lo o'jf ;+hfnsf cWoIf u0f] z e08f/ Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] xf] . tflnd u|Lg kmfp08] zg g] kfn / t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf] ;xof] udf ;+rfng ul/ Psf] xf] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f ;+hfnsf ;lrj k|] / 0ff kl/ of/ n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . tflnd laxLjf/ ;Dd rNg] 5.

cfhsf] /fzLkmn

nIdLwf/f Hof]ltif s]Gb|

@)*!.)#.@) ut] laxLjf/ ltlyM cfiff9 s[i0f qof]bzL, gIf]q M d[ulz/f

ef/t )(!–(!@%&^^&)&

d]if -r",r] ,rf] ,nf,nL,n",n] ,nf] ,c_M cfTdljZjf; a9fP/ sfd u/] /fd|} /xnf .

Hof]= k+= 8f= e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8] ;b:o– g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb\ df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%!

t'nf -/f,/L,?,/],/f] ,tf,tL,t",t] _M bf}8w"k / ofqfsf] k|ltkmn k|lts"n /xg ;S5 .

3f]/fxL–* -gofF a;kfs{b]lv klZrd_ bfª

j[if -O{,pm,P,cf] ,jf,lj,j",j] ,jf] _M

j[lZrs -tf] ,gf,gL,g",g] ,gf] ,of,oL,o"_M

6\ofª\s/af6 kfgL

ldy'g -sf,sL,s",3,ª,5,s] ,sf] ,x_M

wg' -o] ,of] ,ef,eL,e",w,kmf,9f,e] _M

#)) lkm6 ulx/fOaf6 af]l/ª ul/Psf] kfgL, z'4 kfgL lkpg, lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{, ljjfx a|taGw, 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf] nflu cfjZos k/]df 6\of+s/af6 ;:tf] d"Nodf pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf 5 .

wf}n' kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb|

3f]/fxL, bfª ;Dks{ M (*$&*@(!^^, (*)!(&(@@*

ljutsf sdL sdhf]/L ;'wfb}{ cl3 a9\g ;lsg]5 .

tkfO“sf] vr{ a9fOlbg]x? ;lqmo /xg ;Sg]5g\ .

cfkm\g} d]xgtsf] kl/0ffdn] cfTdljZjf; a9fpg ;S5 . k|of; ug'{xf];\ . cj;/x? k|fKt ug{ ;Sg'x'g] 5 .

ss{6 -xL,x",x] ,xf] ,8f,8L,8",8] ,8f] _M

ds/ -ef] ,hf,hL,h",h] ,hf],vf,vL,v",v] ,vf] ,uf,uL_M

l;+x -df,dL,d",d],df],6f,6L,6",6] _M

s'De -u",u] ,uf] ,;,;L,;',;] ,;f] ,b_M

sGof -6f],k,kL,k",if,0f,7,k],kf] _M

dLg -bL,b",y,em,~f,b] ,bf] ,rf,rL_M

lbuf] nfe x'g] sfo{df ;l/s eOg ;lsg]5 .

Oi6ldq, ;fyL;+uLsf] ;fy, ;xof]u /fd|f] /xnf . d]xgt / k/pksf/hGo sfdn] /fd|f] unf{ .

af}l4s Pj+ /rgfTds sfo{df ;kmntf, ;Gtfg ;'v /fd|f] .

rfp/] lk|tL kfg]{;“u zts{ /xs} pQd .

3/df s'g} j:t'sf] cfjZostf v8\lsPnf . k/fqmd ;fy cfly{s nfe Pj+ ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

sf7df8f} +, !( c;f/ . ;/ sf/ n] klxnf]k6s cfl6{lkml;on OG6] lnh] G; -PcfO_ sf] k|of] u tyf cEof;;DaGwL cjwf/ 0ffkq tof/ u/ ] sf] 5 . ljZjJofkL ¿kdf PcfOsf] ljsf; / k|of] u a9\b} uP klg g] kfndf s'g} gLlt / sfg'g gePsfn] o;;DaGwL cfjZos gLlt / sfg'g lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ to ug{ ;/ sf/ n] cjwf/ 0ffkq tof/ u/ ] sf] xf] . ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfnon] u7g u/ ] sf] k|fljlws ;ldltn] em08} kf“r dlxgf nfdf] cWoogkl5 cjwf/ 0ffkq tof/ u/ ]sf] xf] . ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwdGqL / ] vf zdf{sf] lgb] {zfg';f/ dGqfnon] ;x;lrj clgns'df/ bQsf] ;+of] hsTjdf kf“r ;b: oLo k|fljlws ;ldlt u7g u/ ] sf] lyof] . ;ldltsf ;b: o dGqfnosf pk;lrj gf/ fo0f ltldlN;gf, ;"rgf k|ljlw ljefusf ;"rgf k|ljlw lgb] {zs kljq 8+uf] n, Ol~hlgol/ ª cWoog ;+: yfgsf pk– k|fWofks 8f= afa'/ fd bjf8L / ;b: o ;lrjdf dGqfnosf sDKo'6/ Ol~hlgo/ ;"o{k|sfz pkfWofo / xg'ePsf] lyof] . ut df3 % ut] ul7t ;ldltn] cjwf/ 0ffkq;DaGwL k|ltj] bg tof/ kf/ ]/ dGqfnodf k]z u/ ] sf] 5 . k|ltj] bgn] PcfOsf]

ljsf;, k|of]u / lgodgsf nflu ;/ sf/ n] cfjZos gLlt, sfg'g / sfo{ljlw agfpg'kg] { ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 . ;fOa/ ;'/ Iff, 8f6f ;'/ If0f / uf]kgLotfsf ljifonfO{ gLltut txdf ;Daf] wg ug'{kg] { cfjZostf cF+} Nofp“b} k|ltj] bgn] PcfO;DaGwL /fli6«o gLltsf] th'{df, /fli6«o / 0fgLltsf] lgdf{0f, sfg'gL cfwf/;lxt 8f6f ;'/ If0f ?k/ ] vf, PcfOsf] k|of]u / k|of] ustf{sf] uf]kgLotf tyf ;'/ If0f ;d] l6Psf gLlt / sfg'gsf] cGt/ f{li6«o dfkb08;“u cg's"ng x'g] u/ L dfgs lgwf{/ 0f ug'{kg] { ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 . k|ltj] bgn] PsLs[t /fli6«o kf]6{nsf] ljsf; u/ L PcfO;DaGwL ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug{ PsLs[t ;+/ rgfsf] lgdf{0f ug'{kg] {, o; ljifodf cg';Gwfg, ljsf; / pkof] unfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy cl3 a9fpg'kg] {, PcfOsf] k|of] udf ult k|bfg ug] { u/ L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kg] {, o;sf] ?kfGt/ 0fsf/ L k|s[ltnfO{ cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;df pkef] u ug{ /fli6«o kl/ of] hgf Pj+ If] qut kxnsf] ljsf; ug'{kg] { ;'emfj lbOPsf] dGqfnosf pk;lrj Pj+ cjwf/ 0ffkq tof/ L k|fljlws ;ldltsf ;b: o ltldlN;gfn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . …uf] kgLotf ;+/ If0f, kf/ bzL{tf / hjfkmb] lxtfsf] k|j4{g, PcfO k|of] usf]

ljsf; / k|j4{gnufot ljifodf cg';Gwfg, nufgL / ;xsfo{nfO{ j[l4 ug] { /0fgLlt lng'kg] { b] lvG5Ú– k|ltj] bgdf elgPsf] 5– …o;sf nflu ;DalGwt If] qn] cfkm\gf] gLlt, / 0fgLlt / sfo{qmddf PcfO k|of] usf] ljsf; / k|j4{gnfO{ k|fyldstfdf / fVg'kg] { x'G5 .Ú ljBdfg hgzlQmsf] klxrfg u/ L pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf j[l4 ug'{kg] {df hf] 8 lbb} ;fj{hlgs / lghL If]qdf bIf hgzlQmsf] pknAwtf kZrft PcfO ljsf;, k|of] u / k|j4{gnfO{ ult lbg ;lsg] ePsfn] o; If] qdf dfgj k"“hL lgdf{0fdf ;a} sf] Wofg hfg'kg] { ;'emfj k|ltj] bgdfkm{t lbOPsf] ;ldltsf ;b: o ltldlN;gfn] atfpg'eof] . / f] u lgjf/ 0f / pkrf/ , ljQLo ;] jf / ljZn] if0f, lgdf{0f tyf pTkfbg, lzIff / ljsf;, ;~rf/ / cg'ej ;'wf/ , ;f+u7lgs k|aGwg, ;/ sf/ L ;] jf, ;fdflhs ;'/ Iff, v] ns"b, cg';Gwfg / ljsf;, s[lif, ko{6gnufot If] qdf PcfOsf] k|of] u ug'{kg] { ;'emfj k|ltj] bgdfkm{t lbOPsf] pxf“sf] egfO 5 . …g] kfndf cfl6{lkml;on OG6] lnh] G; ljsf;sf] jt{dfg O{–sf] l;: 6dsf] cj: yf, k|j4{gsf ;Defljt If] qx¿, cg';Gwfg / ljsf;sf] Ifdtf, sfo{of] hgfsf] d"Nof+sg ug{kg] { x'G5Ú– k|ltj] bgdf elgPsf] 5– …/fli6«o / 0fgLltn] : jf: Yo

;] jf, s[lif, lzIff, : df6{ ;x/ Pj+ k"jf{wf/ / oftfoftnufot k|d'v If] qx¿ lgwf{/ 0f u/ L pQm ljifodf efjL sfo{of] hgf to ug'{kb{5 .Ú PcfO;DaGwL / 0fgLltn] 8f6f / l8lh6n k"jf{wf/ , PcfO …: 6f6{ckÚnfO{ ult lbg cfly{s tyf ljQLo Joj: yf, cg';Gwfg / ljsf;, g} ltstf, 8f6f uf] kgLotf, ;'/ Iff / lgodg, hgzlQmnfO{ ;Lk / Ifdtf j[l4, k|ljlwsf] cf} Bf] lusLs/ 0f tyf If]qut kxn ;d] 6\g'kg] { k|ltj] bgsf] ;'emfj 5 . k|fljlws ;ldltn] PcfOsf] k[i7e"ld, cjwf/ 0ff, PcfO Osf] l;i6d, o;sf cfwf/ e"t l;4fGt, b[li6sf]0f, p2] Zo, ljBdfg cj: yf, gLltut Joj: yf, ;+: yfut Pj+ k|of] usf] cj: yf, cGt/ f{li6«o cEof; / / 0fgLltnufot If]qdf cWoog u/ ]/ g] kfnn] lng'kg] { cfufdL sfo{lbzf tyf of] hgf th'{dfsf ljifo k|ltj] bgdf ;d] l6Psf] pk;lrj ltldlN;gfn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ o'/ f] k] nL o'lgog, ;+o'Qm / fi6« ;+3, gl8{s–aflN6s If] q, o"PO, ef/t, ch] {lG6gf, ci6«] lnof, a|flhn, Sofg8f, lrnL, rLg, 8] gdfs{, lkmgNof08, k|mfG;, hd{gL, O6fnL, l;+ufk'/ , blIf0f sf]l/ ofnufotn] hf/ L u/ ]sf PcfO{ k|of] u;DaGwL /0fgLltsf] cWoog u/L k|ltj]bgdf t'ngfTds ljZn]if0f ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .

/fKtL cf7 afnd}qL 3f]if0ff x'“b} …3/ HjfO{Ú+ lkmNdsf] rrf{ o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf

j8f 3f]if0f u/L kflnsfnfO{ g} afnd} qL 3f] if0ff ug{] nIo efn'jfª, !( c;f/ . / x]sf] ;d]t atfpg'eof] . /fKtL ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= * nfO{ cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmddf afnd} qL j8f 3f] if0ff ug{] tof/ L afnd} qL j8f 3f]if0ff sfo{ljlw, yflnPsf] 5 . afnd} qL j8f @)*) cg';f/ sf] sfof{Gjogsf 3f] if0ffsf] nflu cfjZos %! txut v'8\lsnfx?, afnd} ;"rsx? dWo] clwsf+z ;"rsx? qL j8f 3f] if0ffsf nflu k"/ f u/ L afnd} qL j8f 3f] if0ff cfjZos %! j6f ;"rsx?, ug{ nfluPsf] /fKtL ufp“kflnsf ljBfno tyf ;d'bfo txdf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf zfvf afn ;d"x u7g, k'gu{7g k|d'v hLjgs'df/ L lh;Ln] tyf afne] nfnufotsf hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . ljifodf kflnsfsL dlxnf d+unjf/ afnd} qL j8f tyf afnaflnsf zfvf k|d'v 3f] if0ff ;+rfng;DaGwL lkk/ Ldf hLjgs'df/ L lh;Ln] hfgsf/ L Pslbg] cled'vLs/ 0f sfo{qmd u/ fpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . / fKtL cled'vLs/ 0f sfo{qmddf ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= * sf j8fsf hgk|ltlglw, j8fdf sfo{jfxs cWoIf bof/fd rf} w/ Lsf] lqmofzLn / fhgLlts bnsf cWoIftf tyf ufp“kflnsfsL k|ltlglw, 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yfsf pkfWoIf sdnfktL rf} w/ Lsf] k|d'v, ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks, k|d'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] pQm : jf: YosdL{, kflnsf: t/ Lo afn sfo{qmddf af]Nb} pkfWoIf ;~hfnsf kbflwsf/ Lnufot rf} w/ Ln] afnaflnsfx?sf] xs ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutf clwsf/ nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;a} If] /x]sf] lyof] . kflnsfsL q afnd} qL x'g'kg{] atfp“b} To;sf] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf zfvf nflu ;a} kIfsf] ;fy / ;xof] usf] k|d'v hLjgs'df/ L lh;Lsf] cfjZostf kg]{ atfpg'eof] . : jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] pkfWoIf rf} w/Ln] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/ 0f j8f ;"rsx? k"/f u/L kflnsfsf gf} ;lrj csn] ;s'df/ rf} w/ Ln] j6} j8fx?nfO{ qmdzM afnd} qL ug'{ePsf] lyof] ] .

;+;b\df ;f+s]lts efif sf] bf]ef;] /fVg dfu sf7df8f} +, !( c;f/ -o';_– ;+;b\df ;f+s] lts efiffsf nflu bf] ef;] / fVg dfu ul/ Psf] 5 . / fli6«o;efsf] a'wjf/ a;] sf] a} 7ssf] z"Go ;dodf ;f+;b\ kbdaxfb'/ kl/ of/ n] bf] ef;] / fVg dfu ub} { >j0f zlQm sdhf] / ePsfx¿sf nflu ;+;b\ ultljlwaf/ ] hfgsf/ L u/ fpg cfjZos / x] sf] atfpg'eof] .

…;+;b\df ePsf] k|ToIf k|;f/ 0f / / ] 8s{;d] t ;f+s] lts efiffdf x'g;s] sf] 5} gÚ pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …o;n] ;+;b\df ePsf gLlt lgdf{0fsf s'/ f ;'Ggaf6 >j0f zlQm sdhf] / ePsfx¿ jl~rt ePsf 5g\ .Ú ;+;b\sf] ultljlw / ] s8{;d] t ;f+s] lts efiffdf k|of] u gul/ Psf] x'“bf ;/ sf/ n] ;f+s] lts efiffsf] bf] ef;] / fVg ;f+;b\ kl/ of/ n] dfu u'g{eof] .

lk;fj k/LIf0f u/L nfu'cf}ifw ;]jg u/]sf] kQf nufpg] t/Lsf cfof] olb tkfOFsf] dfG5] jf ljBfyL{x? b'AnfpFb} uPsf] 5, k9fO{df sdhf]/ x'Fb}5, cgfjZos k};f dfUg] / vr{ u5{, cfkmGtx?;Fu 6f9f x'g vf]H5, ;fFem l9nf] ;'Tg] / laxfg l9nf] p7\5 / ;du| Jojxf/ kl/jt{g x'Fb} uPsf] 5 eg] nfu'cf}ifwsf] ;d:ofdf k/]sf] x'g ;S5 . pQm JolQmsf] z/L/df nfu'cf}ifw ePsf] hfFr ug]{ ;fdu|Lsf] ;xof]u lnO{ 3/ jf ljBfnodf cfkm} lk;fj hfFr u/L kQf nufpg'xf];\ / nfu'cf}ifwsf] bnbnn] x'g] ljs/fn Ifltaf6 aRg'xf];\ / arfpg'xf];\ . a;Gt k'g M k|b]z ;+of]hs– n'lDagL k|b]z lk;fa k/LIf0f nfu'cf}ifw b'Jo{;g /f]syfd cleofg g]kfn ;Dks{ JolQm (*$&*#!*$(, (*)(*^))&& Email: b9847831849@gmail.com

ljdfn]v x/fPsf] ;"rgf † d]/f] lgDg Aoxf]/fsf] nfOkm OG:of]/]G; skf]{/]zg -g]kfn_ ln= af6 hf/L ljdfn]v ldlt @)*! c;f/ # ut]sf lbg t'n;Lk'/af6 3f]/fxLtkm{ hf“Fb} ubf{ x/fPsf] x'“Fbf km]nf kfg'{x'g] dxfg'efjn] glhssf] k|x/L sfof{no jf lgDg 7]ufgfdf ;Dks{ ul/lbg'xf]nf . gfd M l/lz/fh v8\sf ljdfn]v g+= M @$))!#^!$ 7]ufgf M t'n;Lk'/–!#, bfª ;Dks{ g+= M (*$&((#%!$

q uf] ljGb v8\sf

3f] / fxL, !( c;f/ . g] kfnL lkmNd …3/ HjfO{+Ú sf] 3f] / fxLdf cGtlqm{of ul/ Psf] 5 . g] kfn du/ ;+3 bfªsf sfjf cWoIf d'Qm a'9fsf] cWoIftfdf e] 63f6 tyf cGtlqm{of ul/ Psf] xf] . du/ sf] klxrfg, cl: tTj, ;+: sf/ / ;+: s[ltnfO{ ;d] 6] / ag] sf] rnlrqsf] ckgTj lng g] kfn du/ ;+3sf s] Gb|Lo pkfWoIf blh{t / f] sf du/ n] cfu|x ug'{eof] . g] skf / f] Nkfsf O~rfh{ ;Demgf 3tL{n] du/ sf] ;+: sf/ ;+: s[ltsf] ljsf; ug{ 3/ HjfO{+n] e"ldsf v] Ng] atfpg'eof] . dlxnfn] 3/ Jojxf/ sf] g] t[Tj ug] {, dfdfsf] 5f] / L hlGdg]

ljlQs} km'k'sf] 5f] / fsf] agfpg] nufotsf ;+: sf/ af/ ] hfgsf/ L lng ;lsg] pxf“sf] egfO{ lyof] . / f] NkfnL ;] jf ;dfhsf s] Gb|Lo cWoIf l8nf/ fd jnLn] ljZjsf !* b] zdf km} lnPsf zfvfn] ;xof] u ug] { atfpg'eof] . g] kfn du/ ;+3sf lhNnf O~rfh{ zLtnfn k'gn] ;a} nfO{ rnlrq x] g{ r'n] lgDtf] lbg'eof] . ;+3sf s] Gb|Lo dxf;lrj 6] saxfb'/ / fDhfnL du/ n] du/ ;+: sf/ ;+: s[ltdfly ag] sf lkmNd h;n] agfP klg du/ ;d'bfon] ckgTj lng] atfpg'eof] . ?s'd k"j{sf ts;] / f, n's'dnufot ljleGg 7fp“df 5fof+sg ul/ Psf] lyof] .

xflb{s >4f~hnL

hGd M !((@ ;fn

d[To' M @)*!.)#.!#

o; kz'klt ;+/If0f d~rsL ;b:o t'n;Lk'/, bfª lgjf;L ;"o{k|;fb kf}8]n / cf]ds'df/L kf}8]nsL km"k" lx/fb]jL cfrfo{sf] oxL ldlt @)*! cfiff9 !# ut]sf lbg *( jif{sf] pd]/df ePsf] c;fdlos lgwgn] of] d~r Hofb} :tAw Pj+ ddf{xt ePsf] 5 . o; b'Mvb 38Ldf lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/zflGt tyf lzj ;fo"Hosf] sfdgf ub}{ xflb{s >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5f}+ . km"k"sf] lgwgaf6 kg{ uPsf] kL8f ;xg u/L w}o{wf/0f ug{ ;Sg] zlQm k|fKt xf];\ egL O{Zj/;Fu k|fy{gf ub}{ ulx/f] ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f} .

lgd{ns'df/ cfrfo{ -;lrj_ gf/fo0fs'df/ cfrfo{ -cWoIf_

Pj+ kz'klt ;+/If0f d~r kl/jf/ t'n;Lk'/–!@ x/Lkf}/f, bfª

k|fOe]6 kmd{ btf{ k|df0fkq x/fPsf] ;"rgf † d]/f] 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no bfªdf btf{ >]:tf /x]sf] lgDg Aoxf]/fsf] k|fOe]6 kmd{ btf{ k|df0fkq ldlt @)*! c;f/ !) ut]sf lbg t'n;Lk'/af6 3f]/fxLtkm{ hf“Fb} ubf{ x/fPsf] x'“Fbf km]nf kfg'{x'g] dxfg'efjn] glhssf] k|x/L sfof{no jf lgDg 7]ufgfdf ;Dks{ ul/lbg'xf]nf . kmd{sf] gfd M ;+of]u 6«]8;{ P08 ;Knfo;{ k|f]k/fO6/sf] gfd M gj/fh nfld5fg] 7]ufgf M t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= ^ uf]nf}/f, bfª k|f=km=/=g+= M !^(&÷@(# ;Dks{ g+= M (*$&*@$$@*

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@)*! ;fn c;f/ @) ut] laxLjf/ (July 4, 2024) lh=k|zf=sf= bfª b=g+= @!÷)%%÷)%^

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf

lgu/ fgL a9fpg' cfjZos ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] 8] +u'sf] ;+qmd0f ePsf] nfdv'§] n] Ps k6sdf sl/ a rf/ b] lv kf“r hgf;DdnfO{ / f] u ;fg] { Ifdtf / x] sf] hgfp“b} kl5Nnf] 5 dlxgfotf dfq} g] kfnu~hdf Ps xhf/ b'O{ ;o ^* hgf 8] +u' / f] uaf6 ;+qmldt ePsf] atfpg'eof] . af“s] sf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/ L vu] Gb|k|;fb l/ hfnn] 8] +u' lgoGq0fsf nflu lhNnfsf ;a} ;fj{hlgs : yfgnufot k|To] s sfof{nox¿df ;/ ;kmfO cleofg rnfpg lgb] {zg lbg'ePsf] 5 . 8] +u'sf] ljiff0f'åf/ f ;+qmldt ePsf] Pl8; PlhK6fO{ / Pl8; Pnaf] lkS6\; hftsf] kf] yL nfdv'§] sf] 6f] sfOaf6 ;g] { Ps k|sf/ sf] ls6hGo ;?jf / f] u xf] .

afWotf 5 . avf{sf] ;do, ufp“df PDa'n] G; nufotsf ;jf/ L;fwg ;xh} pknAw gx'g] / ;b/ d'sfd;Dd cfphfp ug{ c;xh x'g] ePkl5 gful/ ssf] ;xhtfsf] nflu ufp“d} PsLs[t laz] if1 : jf: Yo lzlj/ ;~rfng ul/ Psf] 8f= a'9f du/ n] atfpg'eof] . …ufp“df gful/ s / f] u kfn] / a;] sf 5g\, ;fgf ;d: ofsf] jf: tf ub} {gg\, km] / L w] / } h] i7 gful/ ssf ;Gtfg / f] huf/ Lsf nflu lhNnf / b] zaflx/ 5g\, h;n] ubf{ pkrf/ ug{ PSn} lhNnf c: ktfn;Dd hfg wf} x'G5Ú pxf“n] eGg'eof] …of] aif{ lhNnfsf tLg : yfgdf lzlj/ ;~rfng u/ ] sf xf} +, ufp“df

l8k]G8]g le;f

aaO{n] aufp“bf dlxnfsf] d[To' 3f] / fxL, !( c;f/ -o';_– t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/ kflnsf j8f g+= !$ d6] / fsL !( jifL{of ;Demgf rf} w/ Lsf] a'wjf/ jjO{n] aufp“bf d[To' ePsf] 5 .

ljxfg * jh] lt/ aaO{ kf/ ug] {qmddf af9Ln] aufPsf] / pgsf] zj b+uLz/ 0f ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= ! a} jfªl: yt jjO{ lsgf/ df e] l6Psf] Onfsf k|x/ L

cg'zf jnL lhlkP #=*@

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…;+;b\df ePsf] k|ToIf k|;f/ 0f / / ] 8s{;d] t ;fª\s] lts efiffdf x'g;s] sf] 5} gÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …o;n] ;+;b\df ePsf gLlt lgdf{0fsf s'/ f ;'Ggaf6 >j0f zlQm sdhf] / ePsfx¿ jl~rt ePsf 5g\ .Ú ;+;b\sf] ultljlw / ] s8{;d] t ;fª\s] lts efiffdf k|of] u gul/ Psf] x'“bf ;/ sf/ n] ;fª\s] lts efiffsf] bf] ef;] / fVg ;f+;b kl/ of/ n] dfu u'g{eof] .

;f]lgzf vqL lhlkP #=*@

cg'k rf}w/L lhlkP #=&&

cl:dtf rf}w/L lhlkP #=&#

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;Demgf 8fFuL lhlkP #=&#

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s[li6gf a:g]t lhlkP #=&)

bLklaqmd zfx lhlkP #=&)

bLkf s]=;L= lhlkP #=^(

;Gtf]if a:g]t lhlkP #=^(

k|sfz /f]sf du/ lhlkP #=^%

;'hftf l8=;L= lhlkP #=^%

lgzf rf}w/L lhlkP #=^$

ljho rf}w/L lhlkP #=^)

lgZrn e08f/L lhlkP #=%(

;'lgn rf}w/L lhlkP #=%)

/]lzsf /}bf; lhlkP #=$*

lg/h rf}w/L lhlkP #=#$

ddtf l;+x lhlkP #=#)

,

3/sf] ;+/rgf alnof] agfcf}+, xfjfx'/L rNg yfn]kl5 em\ofn9f]sf y'gf}+, 5fgfnfO{ /fd|/L x's tyf tf/n] s;]/ afwf}+, 5tsf udnf ;'/lIft ?kdf /fvf}+, h:tfkftfnufotsf j:t'x? v'nf / hyfefjL g5f]8f}+, xfjfx'/L rn]df efubf}+8 gu/f}+, la:tf/} ;'/lIft :yfgdf hfcf}+,  ;'/lIft cf]t ge]6] y'r'Ss a;]/ b'j} xftn] 6fpsf] 5f]kL 3f]K6f] k/f}+,  xfjfx'/L rn]sf] ;dodf ;jf/L ;fwg /f]s]/ ;'/lIft :yfgdf a;f}+ . xfjfx'/Laf6 x'g] Iflt sd ug{ k"j{ tof/L Pj+ ;ts{tf ckgfcf}+ .

t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !! l:yt o; cd/ dfWolds ljBfno p/x/L bfªdf ldlt @)*!.)#.!( ut]sf] lj=Jo=;= a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ sDKo"6/ k|lzIfssf] cfjZos /x]sf]n] !% lbgleq g]kfnL gful/saf6 l/tk"js { b/vf:t cfx\jfg ul/G5 . lj1fkg g+= # -@)*)÷)*! !_ kb M sDKo'6/ k|lzIfs -@_ ;+Vof M ! -Ps_ hgf #_ lgo'lQmsf] k|sf/ M c:yfoL s/f/ $_ ;]jf ;'ljwf M lghL ;|ft] -lj=Jo=;= sf] lg0f{o cg';f/_ %_ pd]/ M !* jif{ k"/f eO{ $) jif{ ggf3]sf] ^_ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf M B.Sc. CSIT &_ b/vf:t b:t'/ M ?= @))).– *_ k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt, df}lvs tyf sIff cjnf]sg (_ cfjZos sfuhftx? M g]kfnL gful/stfsf], z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|ltlnlk / x:tlnlvt lgj]bg . !)_ b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)*!.)$.)@ ut] sfof{no ;doleq . !!_ ;Dks{ ldlt M @)*!.)$.)# ut] lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu M )*@–$@@)!^, (*$&($)@)^, (*$&*^%^)&, (*%&*@%^@%

;+;b\df ;fª\s]lts efiffsf] bf]ef;] /fVg dfu

;Dks{ g+=M (&^(&&@(@# (*^@%@$*$#

     

sDKo'6/ k|lzIfssf] cfjZostf

s/ f/ sd{rf/ LnfO{ ;/ sf/ L ;/ x ;'ljwf lbg] , k'/ fgf s/ f/ sd{rf/ LnfO{ nf] s;] jfdf k|lt: kwf{ ug] { cj;/ lbg] nufotsf k|fjwfg ;d] l6Psf 5g\ . n'lDagL k|b] zsf ! ;o ( : yfgLo txdf em08} rf/ xhf/ sd{rf/ L sfo{/ t 5g\ . of] law] osnfO{ l56\6} kfl/ t ug] { tof/ L / x] sf] k|b] z dfldnf tyf sfg'g ;ldltsf ;efktL lbns'df/ L a'9fn] atfpg'eof] . …of] P] gn] s;} nfO{ klg cGofo ub{} gÚ ;efklt a'9fn] eGg'eof] , …;a} nfO{ a/ fa/ L e"ldsf / cj;/ lbg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf xf] .Ú

xflb{s awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf

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:6'8]06nfO{ :sn/l;k cKnfO{, :kf]G;/ le;f :6'8]06;Fu l8k]G8]06 le;fdf t'?Gt hfg OR5's o'jtLx?n] ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf .

sfof{no t'n;Lk'/ n] hgfPsf] 5 . nuftf/ kfgL k/ ] kl5 sfd ug{ uPsf >Ldfg\ 3/ gkms] {kl5 vf] Hg lx“8] sL rf} w/ L aaO{sf] af9Ln] aufp“bf Hofg uPsf] xf] .

>L cd/ dfWolds ljBfno

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g] kfnuGh, !( c;f/ . ef/ t;“u ;Ldf hf] l8Psf] af“s] lhNnfdf 8] +u' ;+qmd0fsf] hf] lvd b] lvPsf] eGb} pRr ;ts{tf ckgfOPsf] 5 . lhNnf : jf: Yo sfof{non] lhNnfsf ;a} kflnsfdf 8] +u'sf] ;+qmd0f b] lvPsf] pNn] v ub} { lgoGq0f ug{ nfdv'6\6] sf nfef{ / Ko'kf gi6 ug] { cleofg z'? ug{ nfu] sf] hgfPsf] 5 . af“s] sf 8] +u' / f] u ;Dks{ JolQm b'uf{ uf} tdn] af“s] df rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] xfn;Dd rf/ ;o kf“rhgf 8] +u'sf ;+qmldt e] l6Psf] hfgsf/ L lb“b} o;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ j8f: t/ df klg sfo{qmd z'? ug{ nfu] sf] atfpg'eof] .

lhNnfsf cf7 : yfgLo txdWo] / fKtL ;f] gf/ L ufp“kflnsfdf kf“r, sf] xnk'/ gu/ kflnsfdf @$, a} hgfy ufp“kflnsfdf gf} , vh'/ f ufp“kflnsfdf rf/ , hfgsL ufp“kflnsfdf kf“r, g] kfnuGh pkdxfgu/ kflnsfdf $% / 8'8'jf ufp“kflnsfdf 5hgf 8] +u'sf la/ fdL 5g\ . …la/ fdLsf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsf] 5 / c: ktfn cfpg] la/ fdLsf] ;+Vof klg a9\b} uPsfn] 8] +u'sf] ;+qmd0f a9bf] b] lvPsf] 5Ú– uf} tdn] eGg'eof] . lhNnfdf 8] +u' ;+qmd0fsf] hf] lvd a9\g] ;do glhs cfPsf] / o;sf] lgoGq0fdf Wofg lbg cfjZos / x] sf] 8] +u' / f] u ;Dks{ JolQm uf} tdn] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] / f] u lgoGq0fsf nflu ;Ldfdf klg

ufp“d}====

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;ldk Gof}kfg]

;[hgf rf}w/L

3.86

cd[t rf}w/L

3.82

3.82

ch'{g jnL

bLks jnL

dlgiff kl/of/

ddtf rf}w/L

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od'gf a:g]t

sljtf 8fFuL

lgd{nf 3tL{

lgzf rf}w/L

clg/fz rf}w/L

ddtf k'g

3.78

3.65

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3.78

3.65

b]ljsf 3tL{ du/ 3.55

3.78

3.65

;Gtf]if af7f du/ 3.53

3.77

3.75

3.64

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3.73

3.62

k|ltIff rf}w/L 3.45

3.61

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lty{/fh Gof}kfg] sf=jf= cWoIf

3.73

3.43

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3.61

sfhn jnL 3.42

bLkf a:g]t 3.41

3.72

3.59

k|sfz jnL 3.38

3.72

3.58

cflzif yf?

3.36

3.66

3.57

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u|]6a'4 Ps]8]dL kl/jf/

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