Issuu

CMYK

lhp“bf] df5f k;n

;'ky d"Nodf af]On/ s'v'/ fsf] tfhf df;'sf ;fy} lhpFbf] af]On/ / ljleGg ksf/sf df5f yf]s tyf km'6s/df kfOG5 .

EofnL km]; xfp;

3f]/fxL–!* /em]gf dfp06 Eo" af]l8{ªsf] cufl8 kmf]g g+=M )*@–%^@#*!, (*%&*#!$&!

jif{ M $%

c+s M !!(

o'uaf]w

gof“

www.nayayougbodh.com

@)&* ;fn ebf} ( ut] a'wjf/

sf7df8f} +, * ebf} -o';_– g] skf Pdfn] n] !) a'“b] ;xdltsf cfwf/df h] 7 @ cl3sf ;a} ;+u7gx¿ lqmofzLn u/fpg] lg0f{o u/] sf] 5 . kf6L{ Pstfsf nflu to ePsf] !) a'“b] ;xdlt Odfgbf/?kdf sfof{Gjogsf nflu 5 ;b:oLo sfo{bn u7g u/] sf] 5 . sfo{bndf pkfWoIf eLd /fjn, dxf;lrj O{Zj/ kf] v] n, pkdxf;lrj 3gZofd e';fn, :yfoL sld6L ;b:ox¿ ;'/ ] Gb kf08] , ;'jf; g] Dafª / n] v/fh e§ x'g'x'G5 . dfwj g] kfn;“u ljefhgsf] klqmofdf ghf] l8Psf g] tf;lxt a;] sf] a} 7sn] kf6L{sf] dxflwj] zgsf] ldlt;d] t to u/] sf] 5 . s] GbLo dxflwj] zg cfp“bf] d+l;/ !) b] lv !@ ;Dd x'g] ePsf] 5 . To:t} ljwfg dxflwj] zg c;f] h $ b] lv ^ ;Dd x'g] 5 .

s] ;Lsf cg';f/ bfª c08f tyf kf] N6«L If] qdf nufgL ePsf] n'lDagL kb] zs} 7"nf] / d'n'ssf] t] ;f] lhNnfdf kb{5 . …c08fdf bfª cfTdlge{/ dfq 5} g, 7"nf] kl/df0fdf lhNnfaflx/ lgof{t eO/x] sf] 5Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …c08f pTkfbgdf bfª d'n'ss} 7"nf] lhNnfdf k5{ .Ú sf] le8 ;+qmd0fotf eg] c08fsf] cTolws vkt a9\of] . …;+qmd0fn] c08f

vfg'k5{ eGg] dfgl;stfsf] ljsf; u/] sf] 5Ú– kd'v s] ;Ln] eGg'eof] – …sf] le8kl5 lhNnfleq} c08fsf] vkt a9] sf] 5 .Ú t/ ljutsf] t'ngfdf x'g] pTkfbgdf lu/fj6 cfPsf] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . kf] N6L Joj;fodf ;f9] tLg ca{a9L nufgL bfªdf kf] N6L Joj;fodf dfq} ;f9] tLg ca{a9L nufgL k'u] sf] 5 . kf] N6L

Joj;fodf cfDbfgL /fdf] x'g] ePkl5 df;', c08f pTkfbg, s'v/fsf nflu bfgf;“u} kl5Nnf] ;do s'v'/ fsf rNnf pTkfbgsf nflu x\ofr/L pBf] udf nufgL a9\b} uPsf] b] lvG5 . e] 6] / ] g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;] jf lj1 s] Gb bfªsf cg';f/ lhNnfdf x\ofr/L, s'v'/ f kmfd{ / ;Knfo;{ u/L ;ft ;oa9L kmd{ tyf pBf] ux? /x] sf 5g\ . lhNnfdf af] On/ rNnf pTkfbgsf nflu !& j6f x\ofr/L pBf] u, df;'sf nflu sl/a ;f9] rf; ;o kmd{, sl/a Ps ;o bfgf ;Knfo;{ / c08fsf nflu sl/a Ps ;o %) j6f n] o;{ kmd{x? /x] sf] e] 6] / ] g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;] jf lj1 s] Gb bfªn] hgfPsf] 5 . h;df ;f9] tLg ca{a9L nufgL /x] sf] e] 6] / Lg/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;] jf lj1s] Gb bfªsf kd'v 8f= a] baxfb'/ s] ;Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sfof{nosf cg';f/ lhNnfdf sl/a ;f9] rf/ ;o s''v'/ f kfng Joj;fo btf{ eP klg cGo w] / } Joj;fo btf{ geP/} ;~rflnt 5g\ .

lbuf] ljsf; nIo kflKt ug{ /fhgLlts g]t[TjnfO{ 9f“rf abNg ;'emfj o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf sf7df8f} +, * ebf} . /fli6«o of] hgf cfof] un] clxn] s} tf} / t/Lsf / 9f“rfaf6 cl3 a9] df d'n'ssf] lbuf] ljsf; nIo kflKtdf sl7gfO x'g] hgfp lbPsf] 5 . of] hgf cfof] usf ;lrj s] jnk;fb e08f/Ln] lbuf] ljsf; nIo kflKtdf /fhgLlts g] t[Tjn] clxn] cEof;df /x] sf] sfd ug{] t/Lsf / 9f“rfaf6 cl3 a9\g vf] h] df Tof] ;Dej gx'g] ;'emfj lbg'eof] . lbuf] ljsf; nIo kflKtdf ePsf pknlAwaf/] ;+;bLo ;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L lbb} pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …;+j] bgzLn / lhDd] jf/ eP/ sfd ug{] /fhgLlts g] t[Tjsf nflu cfjlws lgjf{rgdf ;kmntfsf nflu 7"nf] cj;/ 5 .Ú ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] ;g\ @)!% ;] K6] Da/df @)!^ b] lv @)#) ;Dddf ljZjsf] ?kfGt/0f / ljsf;sf x/] s cfofddf s;} nfO{ klg k5fl8 g5f] 8\g] klta4tfsf ;fy lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo 3f] if0ff u/] sf] lyof] . pQm 3f] if0ffdf !& j6f nIo, !^( j6f kl/df0ffTds nIo / @#@ ljZjJofkL ;"rsf+s lgwf{/ 0f ul/Psf 5g\ . lbuf] ljsf; nIodf ;fdflhs, cfly{s / kof{j/0fLo cfofd 5g\ . cfof] un] eg] sf] 5– …cfkm\gf]

sfo{sfndf cfd gful/ssf] b} lgs hLjgdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg ;Ifd /fhgLlts bnsf] g] t[Tj cfjlws lgjf{rgdf k'gM lgjf{lrt eP/ cfpg ;Sg] cg'dfg / cWoog klg 5 .Ú /fli6«o;ef lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g ;ldltdf cfof] usf pkfWoIf 8f= ljZjgfy kf} 8] nn] d'n'sdf ;8s k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf /fHosf] Ifdtf sDfhf] / /x] sfn] /fhgLlts g] t[Tjsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f] r, sd{rf/Ldf ;'ema'emk"0f{ of] hgf lgdf{0f, 7] s] bf/df ;do ;Ldfleq u'0f:t/Lo lgdf{0f ug{] k0ffnL ljsl;t x'g h?/L /x] sf] wf/0ff JoQm ug{'eof] . lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] sfof{Gjogsf ;a} /0fgLlts of] hgf / kl/rfngsf lqmofsnfdf ;+nUg ;a} ;+: yf / ;+u7gdf gjkj4{g ug{ ;Sg] g] t[Tj / Joj:yfkg cfjZos /x] sf] hgfp“b} cfof] un] /fhgLlts g] t[Tjaf6 dfq To:tf] sfd ;Dej x'g] lgisif{ lgsfn] sf] 5 . cfof] un] eg] sf] 5– …/fhgLlts g] t[Tjn] cfd gful/snfO{ s'g} klg ljifosf nflu Pp6f 7fp“df Nofpg / /rgfTds ;xeflutfnfO{ kf] T;fxg ug{ tyf clglZrttf / c/fhstf x'g glbg koTg u5{ .Ú ljZjsf ;a} /fi6«df ;xeflutfd"ns, clwsf/d'vL / ;dtfd"ns ljsf; u/L

ul/aL / ef] sd/L cTo ug{] tyf ;a} nfO{ :jf:Yo Pj+ lzIff k'¥ofpg] , n} +lus ;dfgtf, ;a} sf nflu :jR5 kfgL, ;a} df pmhf{sf] kx“'r, /f] huf/L kj4{g, cfly{s a[l4, pBf] u, k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / lbuf] zx/Ls/0fh:tf ljifo klg pQm nIodf ;d] l6Psf] 5 . a} 7sdf ;ldltsf ;b:o jfdb] j uf} tdn] lbuf] nIo kflKt ug{] ;Gbe{df /fli6«o ;efn] s] s:tf sfd / e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'kg{] xf] To;sf nflu tof/ /x] sf] klta4tf hgfpg'eof] . csf{ ;b:o bLgfgfy zdf{n] OR5fzlQm, /fHozlQm, >d / k} ;f x'“bf ;d] t ljsf; / k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf nIo ge] 6fpg' eg] sf] /fi6«kltsf] ;dk{0f / Ifdtfsf] sdL t xf] Og egL lh1f;f /fVg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …cy{ / /fhgLlt Ps– csf{sf k"/ s x'g\, xfdf ;8s;“u ufp“sf pTkfbgnfO{ hf] 8\g ;Sg'k5{, xfdf] lzIff hflu/ / ljb] z ofqf;“u ;Lldt ePsfn] pTkfbg;“u hf] 8\g ;lsP, tLg txsf ;/sf/aLr ;dGjosf] ;+of] hg ug{] sfo{df /fli6«o of] hgf cfof] un] e"ldsf v] nf] ;\ . ;efklt tf/fb] jL e§n] lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo kflKtsf nflu cfof] un] kefjsf/L cg'udg / sfof{Gjogsf] n] vfhf] vf ug{] dfldnfdf kefjsf/L e"ldsf v] Ng ;sf] ;\ eGg'eof] .

jGohGt'sf nflu h+unleq} kf]v/L q bz/y l3ld/] b] pv'/ L, * ebf} . jGohGt'nfO{ h+unleq} vfg] kfgLsf nflu ;+/ If0f kf] v/L tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . kfgL vfgsf] nflu /fhdfu{ kf/ u/] / vf] nf tyf j:tLdf k:g] h+unL hgfj/nfO{ ca h+unleq} kfgL pknAw x'g] ePsf] xf] . l8lehg jg sfof{no b] pv'/ Ln] cfwf bh{g 7fp“df h+unleq} ;+/ If0f kf] v/L lgdf{0f u/] / jGohGt'nfO{ kfgL Joj:yfkg ul/lbPsf] xf] . ndxL gu/kflnsf–% l:yt kfl/hft dlxnf ;fd'bflos jg pkef] Qmf ;d"xleq ;+/ If0f kf] v/L lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . jg If] qleqsf] vfnL hldgnfO{ kf] v/Lsf] cfsf/ lbPkl5 cfsfz] kfgL hDdf ePsf] 5 . l8lehg jg sfof{no b] pv'/ Ln] cfly{s jif{ @)&&÷)&* sf] jflif{s :jLs[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ oxf“ kf] v/L lgdf{0f u/] sf] xf] . kf] v/L lgdf{0f ePkl5 h+unL hgfj/nfO{ kfgLsf] nflu ;lhnf] ePsf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef] Qmf ;d"xsf ;lrj nIdL zdf{n] atfpg'eof] . …h+unL hgfj/ af6f] kf/ u/] / j:tLlt/ CMYK

pd]zdfu{ 3f]/ fxL, bfª

hfg] , vf] nf vf] N;Ldf k:g] uy{] . ca h+unleq} kfgLsf] nflu kf] v/L ag] kl5 ;xh ePsf] x'g;S5Ú– zdf{n] eGg'eof] – …avf{sf] kfgL ;+sng u/] / kf] v/Ldf /flvPsf] 5 . o;n] jGohGt'nfO{ klg kfgL k'¥ofPsf] 5 . cfunfuL ePsf] v08df lgefpg klg d2t k'Ug] 5 .Ú ;fd'bflos jgleq lgdf{0f ul/Psf] kf] v/L ax'p2] ZoLo kof] hgsf] b[li6sf] 0fn]

)*@–%^$)^%, (*$$(^#^$#

k[i7 M $

(Naya Yugbodh National Daily Aug 25, 2021)

q cfef; a'9fyf] sL

!) a'Fb] sfof{Gjogsf nflu sfo{bn u7g

km]G8\; 8]sf]/

/fli6«o b} lgs

c08fdf cfTdlge{/ M vkteGbf lgof{t w]/} 3f] / fxL, * ebf} . c08f pTkfbgdf d'n'ss} t] ;f] cu0fL :yfgdf bfª lhNnf kb{5 . bfª c08fdf cfTdlge{/ dfq} geP/ 7"nf] kl/df0fdf lgof{t klg ub}{ cfPsf] lhNnf xf] . e] 6] / ] g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;] jf lj1 s] Gbsf cg';f/ lhNnfdf b} lgs Ps nfv kf“r xhf/ / jflif{s tLg s/f] 8 &* nfva9L c08f pTkfbg x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . o;/L pTkfbg ePsf c08fdWo] @) kltzt cyf{t &% nfv ^) xhf/ c08f lhNnfdf vkt x'“b} cfPsf] 5 eg] af“sL *) kltzt cyf{t\ tLg s/f] 8 @$ nfv $) xhf/ c08f jflif{s?kdf lgof{t x'“b} cfPsf] cg'dfg kz' ;] jf lj1 s] Gbn] u/] sf] 5 . lhNnfdf pTkfbg ePsf c08f vkteGbf w] / } aflx/L lhNnfdf lgof{t x'“b} cfPsf] s] Gbn] hgfPsf] 5 . pTkflbt c08f n'lDagL / s0ff{nL kb] z;Dd lgof{t x'“b} cfPsf] e] 6] / ] g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;] jflj1 s] Gbsf kd'v 8f= j] bk;fb s] ;Ln] atfpg'eof] .

;f]kmf eg]s}

agfOPsf] 5 . jGohGt'nfO{ kfgL vfg ;lhnf] x'g] 5“b} 5 o;n] hldgd'lgsf] kfgLsf] ;f] t ;+/ If0fdf ;d] t ;sf/fTds kefj kfg{] b] lvPsf] 5 . kf] v/L ag] kl5 ko{6sx? cjnf] sgsf nflu ;d] t k'Ug yfn] sf 5g\ . kf] v/Ln] ko{6snfO{ ;d] t leœofpg d2t u/] sf] :yfgLo pkef] Qmf e'kfn kf08] n] atfpg'eof] . …h+unsf] aLrdf kf] v/L agfOPsf] 5 o;n] ko{6snfO{ ;d] t tfG5Ú– pxf“n]

eGg'eof] – …ko{6s leœofpg ;xof] u k'Ug] 5 .Ú l8lehg jg sfof{no b] pv'/ Ln] ndxL gu/kflnsf, /fhk'/ ufp“kflnsf, u9jf ufp“kflnsf / /fKtL ufp“kflnsfleqsf ljleGg ;fd'bflos jg pkef] Qmf ;d"xdf cfwf bh{g a9L ;+/ If0f kf] v/L lgdf{0f u/] sf] 5 . o;/L kf] v/L lgdf{0f ubf{ jGohGt'nfO{ kfgL pknAw ePsf] 5 eg] hldgd'lgsf] kfgL ;+/ If0fdf ;xof] u k'u] sf] /] ~h/ xl/ kf} 8] nn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . …jGohGt'nfO{ h+unleq} kfgL k'Ug] eof] . csf{] tkm{ 89] nf] nfUof] eg] lgefpg kfgLsf] ;f] t klg x'g] eof] Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …;fd'bflos jg;“usf] ;dGjodf cfwf bh{g a9L 7fp“df kf] v/L ag] sf] 5 .Ú l8lehg jg sfof{non] x/] s jif{ ;+/ If0f kf] v/Ldf nufgL nufpb} cfPsf] 5 . x/] s jif{ kfgL vf] Hb} vf] nf / a:tLlt/ k:g] qmddf k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{ kf/ ubf{ ;jf/L ;fwgsf] 7Ss/af6 h+unL hgfj/sf] d[To' x'g] / 3fOt] x'g] ;d:of 5 . h+unL hgfj/sf] ;'/ Iffsf nflu ;d] t ;+/ If0f kf] v/L pkof] uL x'g] b] lvG5 .

d"No M ?= %.–

g]t[TjljxLg aGb} vfg]kfgL / ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt

q uf] s0f{ kf} 8] n t'n;Lk'/ , * ebf} . t'n;Lk'/ If] qdf cf7 xhf/eGbf a9L wf/f ljt/0f ub} { cfPsf] t'n;Lk'/ vfg] kfgL pkef] Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO ;+: yf g] t[TjljxLg ePsf] 5 . a} wflgs?kdf sfo{;ldltsf] cjlw ;lsPsf] jif{ lbg lalt;Sof] . sfd rnfp cj:yfdf /x] sf] ;ldltsf] z'qmaf/ dfq} sfo{;ldltsf cWoIf v] d/fh cf] nLn] /fhLgfdf lbg'eof] . g] t[TjljxLg ag] sf] of] ;+: yf Pp6f pbfx/0f dfq} xf] . slxn] sf] le8sf lgx'“df t slxn] cg] s axfgfdf ;+: yfx?df a9\b} uPsf] /fhgLlts/0fsf sf/0f ;fj{hlgs If] q g] t[TjljxLg aGg k'u] sf 5g\ . ;+: yfx?nfO{ hLjGttf lbg] :yfgLo ;/sf/n] rf;f] JoQm u/] sf] eg] klg sfof{Gjogdf eg] To;f] b] lvPsf] 5} g . o; If] qd} tLgj6f vfg] kfgL ;+: yfsf] sfof{jlw ;dfKt eO;s] sf] 5 . t'n;Lk'/ vfg] kfgL pkef] Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO ;+: yf, a] nem'08L vfg] kfgL pkef] Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO ;+: yf / emf“qmL9'+uf vfg] kfgL pkef] Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO ;+: yfdf sfo{;ldltsf] kbfjlw sfg'gL?kdf ;dfKt eO;s] sf] 5. t'n;Lk'/ vfg] kfgL ;+: yfdf lgjf{rgsf nflu sfo{tflnsf ;d] t ;fj{hlgs

ul/Psf] lyof] . tTsfnLg cj:yfdf s] xL pkef] Qmfx?n] ;fwf/0f;efsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ pRr cbfntdf l/6 btf{ u/fp“bf cbfntn] lgjf{rg tTsfn :yug ug{ cGtl/d cfb] z lbPkl5 /f] lsof] . otf a] nem'08L vfg] kfgL ;+: yfdf ;d] t lgjf{rgsf nflu sfo{tflnsf ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] lyof] . kl5 lgjf{rg ;ldltn] g} /fhLgfdf lbPkl5 ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ :yug ePsf] lyof] . t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf sfo{kflnsfsf] a} 7sn] vfg] kfgL ljt/0f If] qsf j8fWoIfx?nfO{ g] t[Tjsf ;jfndf cfPsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu lhDd] jf/L ;'lDkP klg pknlAw eg] kfKt ePsf] 5} g . vfg] kfgL ;+: yf dfq} xf] Og ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt;d] t g] t[TjljxLg ag] sf 5g\ . t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf kjQmf Zofd 8f“uLn] eGg'eof] – …sf] le8sf sf/0f tL ;+: yfx?df g] t[Tj ;'lDkg ;lsPsf] 5} g . ljBfnox?sf] ;jfndf ;DalGwt j8fsf j8fWoIfx?nfO{ clwsf/ ;'lDkPsf] 5 . xfdLn] g] t[Tj gePs} sf/0f x'g ;Sg] sfof{no ;~rfngsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ vf] h] sf xf} + .Ú kjQmf 8f“uLn] eGg'eof] – …cGoqsf] ;jfndf ljuts} vfg] kfgL ;+: yfsf kbflwsf/Lx?n] sfd ug'{ePsf] 5 . t'n;Lk'/ df cWoIfn] /fhLgfdf lbg'eof] eGg]

s'/ f ;~rf/ dfWoddf cfPsf] 5, xfdL sxf“ cflwsfl/s?kdf cfof] eg] xfdLn] To; ;+: yfdf g] t[Tjs} sf/0f s'g} ;d:of cfof] eg] cleefjsTj ux0f ug] { kflnsf x'G5 .Ú t'n;Lk'/–!* sf cWoIf dfwj cf] nLsf cg';f/ ljBfnosf sfd sf/jfxL ;?jf, a9'jf / lgo'lQmafx] ssf sfddf clwsf/ kfKt eP klg cg'udg ug] { JolQm g} sfo{jfxssf ?kdf /x“bf j8fWoIfx?nfO{ s] xL hl6ntf /x] sf] atfpg'x'G5 . j8f g+= !* df /x] sf] hgtf ;+: s[t dfWolds ljBfno / hgsNof0f dflj b'w/f; ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltljxLg 5g\ . t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf Psfwafx] s clwsf+z ljBfnosf] g] t[Tj j8fWoIfx?n] g} ;DxfNg'k/] sf] cf] nLn] atfpg'eof] . t'n;Lk'/ –!( df /x] sf] dfWolds ljBfno leqL ;qmfdsf kwfgfWofks ;"o{axfb'/ a:g] tsf cg';f/ ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt gx'“bf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfd, ;?jf, b/aGbL ldnfgsf sfddf lgs} ;d:of k/] sf] atfpg'x'G5 . a:g] tn] eGg'eof] – …ljBfno g] t[TjljxLg 5, ;?jf, a9'jf, b/aGbL ldnfgsf sfd ug{ ;s] sf 5} gf} + .Ú pxf“n] yKg'eof] – …xfdLnfO{ ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ug{ kflnsfaf6 elgPsf] klg 5 t/ kof; ubf{ cem} ;Dej b] lvPsf] 5} g .Ú

d'6' tyf afy /f]u;DaGwL 8fS6/ cfpg]af/] ;"rgf Û

s] tkfOFnfO{ d'6' tyf afy /f]u;DaGwL s]xL ;d:of 5 < olb 5 eg] 3f]/fxLsf] t'n;Lk'/ rf]sglhs Go"/f]8df /x]sf] kNnjL :jf:Yo lSnlgsdf g]kfnsf] VofltkfKt xl:k6nx? tyf jL/ xl:k6ndf cg'ejkfKt ug'{ePsf tyf xfn gf]a]n xl:k6ndf sfo{/t jl/i7 sG;N6]G6 MBBS MD Cardiologist Rheumotologist -d'6' tyf afy/f]u ljz]if1_ 8f= dx]Zj/ s'df/ x}Ho'åf/f oxL ldlt @)&* ebf} !! z'qmjf/ ! ah]b]lv / !@ ut] zlgjf/laxfg * ah]b]lv r]shfFr x'Fb}5 . 8fS6/åf/f lbOg] ;]jfx?M != 5ftL b'Vg' -b]a] s'dsf] ;fO8tkm{ b'vfO{ x'g'_ lx8\bf rNbf b'vfO a9\g], cf/fd ubf{ a:bf b'vfO sd x'G5 eg] d'6' jf k];/sf] b'vfO x'g ;S5 . @= d'6'sf] w8\sg a9\g' . #= ysfg dx;'z x'g' -;fdfGo lx+88'n ubf{ ;d]t :jfF–:jfF x'g' ._ $= a]xf]; x'g' . %= v'§f ;'lGgg' . ^= cg'xf/ ;'lGgg' . &= lk;fa sd x'g' . *= l/+uf6f nfUg' . (= lr;f] kl;gf cfpg' . !)= pN6L -af]ld6_ xf]nf h:tf] e}/xg' . !!= z/L/sf c+ux?df c;lhnf] dx;'; x'g' . !@= z/L/sf hf]gL{x? b'Vg', ufF7fu'7L cfpg', kfgL ;ª\lng'nufotsf ;d:ofx?sf] lgbfgsf nflu Ecg d]l;gaf6 r]shfFr -Eco eg]sf] d'6'sf] lel8of] PS;/]_ af6 /f]usf] lgbfg tyf pkrf/ ul/G5 . ;fy} Kofyf]nf]hL ;]jf Pj+ kmfd]{;L ;]jf klg pknAw 5 .

kNnjL :jf:Yo lSnlgs

t'n;Lk'/rf]s Go"/f]8 3f]/fxL, bfª kmf]gM )*@–%^!^*#, (*$&(@%&)) gf]6M oxL ebf} !* ut] 5fnf, of}g tyf n]h/ /f]u ljz]if1 8f= ;'dg l3ld/] cfpFb} x'g'x'G5 .

;'j0f{ cj;/ Û

3f]/fxLdf tkfOFsf] lr/kl/lrt 8f= ksfz ;'j]bL MBBS. MD (Internal medicine) lkmlhl;og ca la=P;= 8fOuf]gf]l:6s P08 kf]lnlSnlgsdf===

;]jfx?M

!= kTo]s lbg laxfg &M)) ah]b]lv a]n'sf *M)) ah];Dd OPD ;]jf . @= cTofw'lgs Kofyf]nf]hL ;]jf -cd]l/sg FDA, ISO Certi ed machine åf/f r]shfFr ul/g'sf ;fy} sNr/ SofG;/ dfs{/nufotsf ;]jfx? . #= cN6«f;fp08sf] Echo -Osf]_ sf] ;'ljwf ePsf] . $= !@ Rofgn O=l;=hL= ;]jf . %= kmfd]{;L ;]jf . kmf]gaf6 klg gfd btf{ u/fpg ;lsg]5 .

;Dks{ g+=M

la=P;= 8fOuf]gf]l:6s P08 kf]lnlSnlgs kf=ln= 3f]/fxL–!%, bfª -/]l8of] :ju{åf/Lsf] 7Ls cufl8_ kmf]gM )*@–%^@##), (*%!!(#)#%

@)&* ;fn ebf} ( ut] a'waf/

(Aug. 25, 2021)

www.nayayougbodh.com

ljrf/

tflnjfg ;Qf / ckmuflg:tfgsf] eljio ls;fg dhb"/sf d'2fn] kfyldstf kfpg] slxn] < g] kfndf 7"nf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g ePsf] s'/ f ca atfO/xg'kg] { ;Gbe{ xf] Og . ljut ;ft bzscl3 / cfhsf] cj:yf x] bf{ xfdL /fhgLlts :jtGqtfsf] olt v'nf cfsfzd'lg 5f} + ls nf] stflGqs u0ftflGqs clwsf/x? ca g] kfnL hgtfsf hLjgz} nL aGg k'u] sf 5g\ . of] dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw xf] , o;nfO{ sd cfFSg' Oltxf;kltsf] a] OdfgL / ljutsf ;+3if{ tyf alnbfgkltsf] ckdfg x'G5 . ;a} ju{, If] q, ln+u / ;d'bfosf hgtfn] cfkm\gf xsclwsf/sf] af/] df v'n] / } af] Ng kfpg] :jtGqtf xfdLn] clxn] ;Dd kfKt u/] sf] /fhgLlts clwsf/sf] aLp k"FhL xf] . o;s} cfwf/df pTkLl8t ;d'bfodf hfu/0fsf] nx/ rNg' /fhgLlts clwsf/sf] kof] usf] cf/De xf] . h;/L g] kfnL hgtfn] /fhgLlts?kdf cfwf/e"t :jtGqtf kfKt u/] sf 5g\, o;} cg'?k pgLx?sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+: s[lts hLjgdf kl/jt{gsf] pNn] Vo cg'e"lt gx'g' cfhsf] la8Dagf xf] . ca k"/ f ug'{kg] { sfo{ef/ klg oxL xf] . g] kfnL hgtf eGg] lalQs} ;a} sf] juf{wf/ ;dfg 5} g . k"FhL, Ifdtf / >d kl/rfng u/] / cfkm} cl3 a9\g;Sg] sf nflu clxn] sf] /fhgLlts :jtGqtf kof{Kt 5 . o;af6} klg Pp6f tKsf cl3 a9\g;S5, p;nfO{ :jtGqtf;Fu} ljljwksf/sf ;'/ Iff / ;xhLs/0f dfq} /fHon] ug] { xf] eg] vf;} nufgL ug'{ cfjZos b] lvb} g t/ cfkm\g} k"FhL, Ifdtf / >ddf cl3 a9\g g;Sg] 7"nf] k+lQmnfO{ /fHosf] pNn] Vo ;xof] u h?/L 5 . vf;u/L ls;fg / dhb"/ -ef} lts / af} l4s b'a} vfnsf >lds_sf nflu /fHon] ljz] if sfo{qmd tof/ kfg{ ;Sg] xf] eg] pgLx?sf] hLjgdf /fhgLlts kl/jt{gsf] ;f/ k'Ug] cj:yf 5} g . ls;fgs} s'/ f ubf{ clxn] em08} (% kltzt ls;fg cfkm\g} ana'tfdf cl3 al9/x] sf 5g\, g pgLx?sf] v] taf/Ldf cfw'lgsLs/0f / Aoj;foLs/0fsf] 3fd k'u] sf] 5, g t s'g} ksf/sf] /fHosf] cg'bfg jf ;x'lnot C0f g} . lgjf{xd'vL v] tL ug] {, l;hgsf] a] nfdf v] taf/Ldf sfd ug] {, afFsL ;dodf kfP;Dd b] zleq} Hofnfdhb"/ L ug] { / gkfP ef/t hfg] / ansf] sfd ug] { ;Sg] eP v] ] tLkftL;d] t 5f8] / vf8L d'n's hfg] x?sf] ;+Vof emg\kl5 emg\ al9/x] sf] 5 . To;} n] kl5Nnf] ;dodf v] taf/L afFemf] /fv] / tGg] / L hlt ljb] lzg] qmd lgs} a9] sf] 5 . sf] / f] gfsf sf/0f of] ;+Vofdf yf] / } sdL cfP klg d"n kj[lQ eg] oxL 5 . csf] {lt/ >ldssf cj:yf x] / f} + . s] GbLo tYof+s ljefun] u/] sf] g] kfn >d ;e] { kltj] bgcg';f/ g] kfndf b} lgs Hofnfbf/L u/L vfg] >ldssf] ;+Vof dfq} !% nfv *^ xhf/ 5 . of] ;+Vof s'n >ldssf] $! bzdnj kfFr kltzt xf] . g] kfndf ef} lts >d ug] {x?sf] ;+Vof dfq} #% nfv a9L 5 . To;f] t %) nfv a9L j} b] lzs /f] huf/Ldf 5g\ . cfGtl/s cy{tGqsf] kj[lQ x] bf{ klg v] tLkftL 5f8] / Hofnf dhb"/ L ug] {sf] ;+Vof al9/x] sf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf lgdf{0f dhb"/ sf] ;+Vof lgs} al9/x] sf] 5 t/ pgLx?sf] ;'/ Iffsf nflu s'g} ;/sf/L sfo{qmd 5} g . >lds ju{sf nflu cfkm\gf] >dafx] s hLjg lgjf{xsf nflu s'g} ljsNk 5} g t/ pgLx?n] /fHoaf6 cGo ju{eGbf s'g} klg If] qdf km/s ;'ljwf kfpFb} gg\ . sfd ug] { / u/fpg] ju{n] Pp6} d"No lt/] / pkef] Uo j:t' lsGg'k5{, Pp6} z'Ns lt/] / 5f] / f5f] / LnfO{ k9fpg'k5{ clg :jf:Yo pkrf/ ug'{k5{ . To;f] t g] kfnL hgtfn] nfdf] ;+3if{kl5 kfKt u/] sf] /fhgLlts pknlAwsf] b:tfj] hsf] ?kdf /x] sf] ;+ljwfgn] ;a} ju{nfO{ ;dfg x} l;ot kbfg ug] { afrf u/] sf] 5 . ljleGg ;+3if{ / o'4x?df ;a} eGbf a9L /ut kl;gf aufpg] ju{ klg ls;fg dhb"/ g} xf] t/ of] ju{sf nflu ljz] if sfo{qmd gagfO“bf kl/jt{gsf] s'g} cg'e"lt x'g ;ls/x] sf] 5} g . ;+ljwfgdf …cfly{s¿kn] ljkGg tyf nf] kf] Gd'v ;d'bfosf gful/ssf] ;+/ If0f, pTyfg, ;zQmLs/0f / ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f] huf/L, vfBfGg / ;fdflhs ;'/ Iffdf ljz] if cj;/ tyf nfe kfpg] xsÚ eP klg o;sf] oyf] lrt kof] u x'g ;ls/x] sf] 5} g . ;+ljwfgd} …kTo] s ls;fgnfO{ sfg'gadf] lhd s[lif sfo{sf nflu e"lddf kx'Fr, k/Dk/fut¿kdf kof] u / cjnDag ul/Psf] :yfgLo aLp lahg / s[lif khfltsf] 5gf} 6 / ;+/ If0fsf] xsÚ, …ls;fgsf] xs lxt ;+/ If0f / ;+jw{g ub} { s[lifsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fpg e"pkof] u gLltsf] cjnDag u/L e"ldsf] Joj:yfkg / s[lifsf] Joj;foLs/0f, cf} Bf] lusLs/0f, ljljwLs/0f / cfw'lgsLs/0fÚ cflb Aoj:yf ;+ljwfgdf 5 . To;f] t …dof{lbt >dsf] cjwf/0ff cg'¿k ;a} >ldssf] cfwf/e"t clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ub} { ;fdflhs ;'/ Iffsf] kTofe"lt ug] {Ú xs klg ;+ljwfgdf gePsf] xf] Og t/ oL ;+j} wflgs kfjwfgx? Aojxf/df nfu' ug{ /fHon] ljz] if sfo{qmd agfpg ;ls/x] sf] 5} g . o;sf nflu w] / } klg ug'{kb} {g . slDtsf ls;fgsf nflu pTkfbg / ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu ljz] if sfo{qmd tyf dhb"/ sf nflu b} lgs hLjgofkg, :jf:Yof] krf/ / pgLx?sf ;Gtfgsf] k7gkf7gdf ljz] if Kofs] h agfP/ nfu' ug{ ;s] klg ls;fg dhb"/ sf] hLjg:t/ p7fpg w] / } ;xof] u k'Ug]5 . clxn] g] kfnL /fhgLlt cfk;L lvrftfgLdf u'lh/x] sf] 5 . pgLx?s} ultljlwdf ;a} sf] Wofg uO/x] sf] 5 . ;a} lt/ kfylds d'2f clxn] bnLo ultljlw eO/x] sf 5g\ . sf] s;/L ;/sf/df hfg] < Psk6s lht] jf xf/] kl5 csf] { r'gfjdf s;/L hLt xft kfg] { < bnLo rf;f] of] eGbf dfly p7\g ;s] sf] 5} g . h;n] of] kl/jt{gsf nflu 7"nf] of] ubfg u/] sf 5g\ / h;sf nflu /fhgLlts kl/jt{g rflxPsf] xf] , ToxL ls;fg dhb"/ ju{sf d'2f cf] em] ndf kfl/g'x'Fb} g . ca ;a} bn, ;fdflhs If] q, cfly{s If] q / hg:t/af6 klg o;df cfjfh a'nGb lsg gug] { <

s;n] s] eg] < xfdL g] kfn e"ldleq / g] kfn /fHo, g] kfnL hgtf / s'g} klg ldq/fi6« lj/f] wL ultljlw x'g glbg klta4 5f} + . of] ;/sf/sf] :ki6 wf/0ff xf] . – afns[i0f vf“0f -u[xdGqL_ ;L;LPd;Lsf] unt lg0f{osf sf/0f k/LIff :ylut x'g k'u] sf] lgisif{ lgsfNof} + . ljBfyL{nfO{ rfF8f] vf] k lbP/, klxNo} to ePsf] df] 8n / tof/Lcg';f/ k/LIff ug{ eg] sf 5f} + . – hok'/ L 3tL{ -kltlglw;efsf] lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;ldltsf ;efklt_ ;a} g] tfn] ef/tLo kwfgdGqL g/] Gb df] bLsf] ef/t / g] kfn aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ cem ;'b[9 agfpg] klta4tfsf] kz+;f u/] . – ljho rfyfOjfn] -g] kfn ed0fdf /x] sf ef/tLo ljb] z ljefu kd'v_ cfpg] Pp6f lk9LnfO{ klg s] eGg rfxG5' eg] b] znfO{ kfyldstf lbg' h?/L 5 . lsgls xfdL oxfFaf6 cfsf] xf] . klxnf sG6«L To;kl5 c? 7fpF xf] . – ;GbLk nfld5fg] -Unf] an :6f/sf] 5lj agfO;s] sf g] kfnL lqms] 6 l6dsf n] ul:kg/_ l;Sj] lG;ªsf cfwf/df xfdLn] ub} { cfPsf] k/LIf0fdf Ps} ;dodf b'O{j6f e] l/oG6 ;+qmd0f e] l6Psf] 5} g . – 8f= ?gf emf -/fli6«o hg:jf:Yo kof] uzfnfsL kd'v_

;g\ @))! df ;} Goansf dfWodaf6 ;Qfaf6 x6fOPkl5 tflnjfgsf] ;Qfdf k'gM cfudg c;Dej dflgPsf] lyof] . sltn] t tflnjfgsf] d[To' eO;s] sf] cleJolQm ;d] t lbPsf lyP . w] / } sf] ljZn] if0f / lgisif{ ljk/Lt pm k'gM ;Qfsf] jfu8f] / ;Dxfng cfOk'u] sf] 5 . cd] l/sL ;] gf kmls{Pkl5 p;n] 5f] 6f] cjlwdf ckmuflg:tfgsf] s] GbLo ;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf lnof] . olt rf“8} p;n] o;/L ljho kfKt unf{ eg] / w] / } n] ;f] r] s} lyPgg\ . tflnjfgn] s] GbLo ;Qfdfly lgoGq0f u/] klg p;sf] zf;gJoj:yfsf] :j?k s:tf] x'g] 5 / Toxf“ zflGt, cdgr} g sfod x'g] 5 ls 5} g eGg] :ki6 5} g . olta] nf ckmufg hgtf / Toxf“ /x] sf ljb] zL gful/sx? eoeLt 5g\ . ljb] zL gful/s l56f] eGbf l56f] cf–cfkm\gf d'n's kms{g rfxG5g\ . cfkm\gf] d'n's 5f] 8] / hfg rfxg] ckmufg gful/ssf] ;+Vof klg xhf/f} + 5 . l:yltnfO{ lgofNbf ckmuflg:tfgdf l5§} :yfoL zflGtsf] ;Defjgf b] lvGg . clxn] klg ckmuflg:tfgsf] ;Dk"0f{ e"efudf tflnjfgsf] lgoGq0f 5} g . tflnjfgsf kjQmfn] n8fO“ ;lsof] eg] klg ckmuflg:tfgsf k"j{pk/fi6«klt cd?Nnfx ;fn] xn] n8fO“ ;lsPsf] 5} g eg] sf 5g\ . /fi6«klt c;/km 3fgLn] b] z 5f] 8] kl5 pgn] cfkm"nfO{ sfo{jfxs /fi6«kltsf ?kdf k:t't u/] sf lyP . cxdb d;"bn] tflnjfgsf lj?4 n8fO“ n8\g] 3f] if0ff u/] sf 5g\ . pgL kl;4 ckmufg g] tf cxdb zfx d;"bsf 5f] / f x'g\ . pgL k+hzL/ pkTosfdf 5g\ / Tof] tflnjfgsf] lgoGq0fdf 5} g . tflnjfg lj?4 pleb} cfPsf] kfGtsf ?kdf o;nfO{ lnOG5 . tflnjfgsf] zf;gsf] ;dodf klg of] kfGt p;sf] lgoGq0fdf lyPg . pQ/L u7aGwgn] tflnjfgsf] klt/f] w u/] sf] lyof] . cd?Nnfx ;fn] x / cxdb d;"bn] pQ/L u7aGwg tyf ltgsf sdf08/ / ;xof] uLx?;“u ;Dks{ u/] sf 5g\ . o;n] tflnjfg lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ yk ult lbg] ck] Iff ul/Psf] 5 . clxn] k"j{pk/fi6«klt nufot tflnjfg;“u klt/f] w ug{ rfxg] s} of} + k+hzL/df 5g\ / klt/f] w z'? klg eO;s] sf] 5 . ;z:q klt/f] wsf] h'g ?k Toxf“ b] vfkb} {5 To;n] eljiodf Jofkstf kfpg ;S5 / d'n's k'gM cfGtl/s åGådf km:g ;S5 . ef] ln s] x'g] 5 eGg] af/] df clxn] g} w] / } eGg g;lsP klg clxn] sf] kl/b[Zon] z'e;+s] t ub} {g eGg] rflx“ :ki6 5 . tflnjfg ckmuflg:tfgdf :yfoL zflGt :yfkgf ug{ / d'n'snfO{ cl3lNt/ 8f] ¥ofpg ;kmn xf] nf / eg] / kZg ug] { cfwf/ :jo+ Toxf“sf] l:yltn] g} lbPsf] 5 . ckmuflg:tfg nfdf] Oltxf; ePsf] ;'Gb/ d'n's xf] . ;Eotf / ;+: s[ltsf b[li6n] ;DkGg of] d'n's ef} uf] lns ?kdf hl6n 5 / cg] sf} + psfnL cf] / fnLx? lx8\b} oxf“;Dd cfOk'u] sf] 5 . blIf0f Plzofdf cjl:yt e"kl/j] li7t o; d'n'ssf ((=& kltzt hgtfn] O:nfd wd{ dfG5g\ . ckmuflg:tfgn] Oltxf;df 7"nf 7"nf afxo cfqmd0f Joxf] /]sf] 5 . s} of} + k6s ljb] zL zlQmx?n] o;nfO{ cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf 5g\ . t/ l9nf] rf“8f] pgLx?n] ckmuflg:tfg 5f] 8\g'k/] sf] 5 . O/fgL, d+uf] n / l;sGb/n] ckmuflg:tfgnfO{ lht] sf] Oltxf; 5 t/ To;sf] klt/f] w klg To;} u/L ePsf] lyof] . afx\o x:tIf] k, ckmufg hgtfn] u/] sf] To;sf] klt/f] w, cfqmd0fsf/Lx?n] p7fpg' k/] sf]

cd] l/sf ckmuflg:tfgdf cft+sjfbsf] cGTo, nf] stGq / zflGtsf] :yfkgfsf gfddf kj] z u/] sf] lyof] . cd] l/sfsf] kj] zn] tflnjfg zf;gsf] cGTo t eof] t/ g tflnjfg ;dfKt eof] g t nf] stGqsf] :yfkgf / cdgr} g sfod ug] { p;sf] klta4tf g} k"/ f eof] . ckmuflg:tfgdf åGåsf] cfuf] qmdzM ;Nsb} uof] .

b[li6sf]0f

u 8f= cd/ lu/L

wghgsf] 7"nf] Iflt / k/fhosf ;Gbe{df ckmuflg:tfgnfO{ …;fdfHox?sf] lrxfgÚ sf ?kdf pNn] v ug] { ul/G5 . pGgfO;f} + ztfAbLdf ckmuflg:tfgnfO{ cfkm\gf] cwLgdf /fVg a] nfotL ;fdfHojfbn] lgs} 7"nf] koTg u/] sf] lyof] . ckmuflg:tfg / a] nfotsf aLrdf tLgk6s o'4 eof] t/ p;nfO{ k"0f{ ;kmntf xft nfu] g . ;g\ !(!( df p;n] ckmuflg:tfg 5f] 8\g'k¥of] . oL o'4x?df a] nfotL ;fdfHon] lgs} w] / } hgwgsf] Iflt Joxf] g'{k¥of] . oxL s'/ f tTsfnLg ;f] leot ;+3sf xsdf klg nfu' x'G5 . ;g\ !(&( df ;f] leot ;] gf ckmuflg:tfgdf kj] z u/] sf] lyof] . pgLx?sf] p2] Zo sDo'lgi6 zf;gnfO{ hf] ufpg' lyof] . t/ bz jif{df 7"nf] c;kmntf Joxf] b} { ;f] leot ;+3 Toxf“af6 kmls{g'k¥of] . ;f] leot ;+3 kms] {;“u} sDo'lgi6 zf;gsf] ktg klg cf/De eof] . ;f] leot x:tIf] ksf ;dodf nfvf} + ckmufg dfl/P / nfvf} + z/0ffyL{ ag] . cjf} {+ 8n/ vr{ ul/of] . dflg;sf] d[To'sf b[li6n] ;f] leot x:tIf] ksf] sfnv08 cd] l/sL x:tIf] ksf] sfnv08eGbf klg eofjx /x] sf] 5 . cGttM @) jif{kl5 cd] l/sf klg ckmuflg:tfgaf6 k/flht eP/ kms] {sf] 5 . ;fdfHox?sf] cfqmd0f / k/fhon] ckmuflg:tfgnfO{ …;fdfHox?sf] lrxfgÚ xf] eGg] b] vfp“5 . …ckmuflg:tfgM ;fdfHox?sf] lrxfgÚ k': ts n] Vg] 8] lj8 O:jLn] o; ljifodf ulx/f] rrf{ u/] sf 5g\ . ckmuflg:tfgaf6 k/fhLt eP/ kms{g'sf kl5 pgLx?df /x] sf uDeL/ sdhf] / Lx? t lhDd] jf/ 5g\ g} t/ Toxf“sf hgtfn] u/] sf] klt/f] w ;a} eGbf dxTjk"0f{ sf/0fsf ?kdf /x] sf] 5 . ckmuflg:tfgdf wfld{s cltjfbL lrGtgsf] ljsf; pGgfO;f} + ztfAbLsf] k"jf{4{b] lv g} x'g yfn] sf] kfOG5 . sDo'lgi6x?sf] ;Qf/f] x0f / ;f] leot ;] gfsf] kj] zn] o;nfO{ xnSs a9\g] cfwf/ ldNof] . wd{ / /fi6«jfbsf gfddf s6\6/kGyLx?n] cfkm"nfO{ alnof] agfp“b} nu] . zLto'4sf] To; ;dodf cd] l/sfn] ;f] leot ;+3sf lj?4 d'hflxl2gx?nfO{ ;xof] u lbg z'? u¥of] . xltof/, k} ;f, tflnd nufot cd] l/sfn] s6\6/kGyLx?nfO{ w] / } y/Lsf] ;xof] u lbof] . elgG5, ;f] leot ;] gfsf] kj] z / alxu{dgaLrsf] cjlwdf d'hflxl2gx?sf lglDt cd] l/sfn] ^ ca{ 8n/ eGbf a9L vr{ u¥of] . t/ hfgsf/x? cd] l/sfn] of] eGbf w] / } /sd vr{ u/] sf] pNn] v u5{g\ / To;df ;Totf klg 5 . ;f] emf] lx;fjn] cd] l/sfn] ckmuflg:tfgdf aL; jif{ latfPsf] b] lvG5 t/ p;sf] ;+nUgtf $) jif{ eGbf klg nfdf] ;dob] lv /x‘“b} cfPsf] 5 . ckmuflg:tfgdf r/dkGyL d'hflxl2gx?sf]

ljsf;df cd] l/sfsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf /x] sf] 5 . cd] l/sfn] g} pgLx?nfO{ ;Qfdf k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . d'hflxl2gleqsf] cGtlj{/ f] wsf] kl/0ffd lyof] tflnjfg . cGttM tflnjfgn] d'hflxl2gnfO{ ;Qfaf6 lj:yflkt u¥of] . !((^ df tflnjfgn] ;Qf sAhf u¥of] / …O:nflds Old/] 6 ckm ckmuflg:tfgÚ 3f] if0ff u¥of] . ;g\ !(($ df cl:tTjdf cfPsf] tflnjfgsf] lj:tf/ cfZro{ nfUbf] u/L ePsf] lyof] . tflnjfgsf] zf;g ckmuflg:tfgsf lglDt clezfk lyof] . ckmufg hgtfn] o;sf lglDt 7"nf] d"No r'sfpg'k¥of] . ;l/of sfg'g d"ntM p;sf] zf;gsf] cfwf/ lyof] . wfld{s cltjfbL b[li6sf] 0f zf;g Joj:yfsf] d] ?b08sf ?kdf /x\of] . cfkm\gf] wd{, ;Eotf, ;+: s[ltklt k] d / To;sf] ;+/ If0f / ;Da4{g Pp6f s'/ f xf] , wfld{s cltjfb csf] { s'/ f xf] . oL b'O{sf aLrdf 7"nf] cGt/ /x] sf] 5 . tflnjfgsf] To;a] nfsf] zf;gnfO{ ;Dem] / clxn] klg ckmufg gful/s eoeLt x'G5g\ . tflnjfgn] cfkm\gf] zf;gsfndf cfkm\gf /fhgLlts lj/f] wLx?nfO{ dfq lgif] w u/] g, cfw'lgs b[li6sf] 0f c+ufNg] x?nfO{ klg lgif] w ug] { b[li6sf] 0f /fVof] . cGo wd{klt s7f] / Jojxf/ kbz{g ul/of] . O:nflds wfld{s dfGotfsf] cltjfbL JofVof ub} { To; cg'?k ;dfhnfO{ lgb] {lzt ul/of] . dlxnfnfO{ a'sf{df kmsf{Oof] . a'sf{ gnufpg]nfO{ bl08t ul/of] . bz jif{ eGbf dflysf aflnsfx?nfO{ ljBfno hfg kltaGw nufOof] . k'?ifx?nfO{ bf9L kfNg clgjfo{ ul/of] . dgf] / ~hgsf ;fwgx?sf] kof] unfO{ cj} w 7flgof] . OG6/g] 6sf] kof] unfO{ lgoGq0f ul/of] . uNtL ug] {nfO{ ;fj{hlgs?kdf cdfgjLo9+un] bl08t ug] { sfo{ ul/of] . oL s] xL b[i6fGt x'g\ h;n] tflnjfgsf] cltjfbL zf;gsf] emNsf] lbG5g\ . tflnjfg :jo+nfO{ kf/Dedf cd] l/sfn] ;xof] u lbof] / pkof] u u¥of] . cd] l/sfsf] 6\jLg 6fj/df cnsfobfsf] cfqmd0fkl5 cd] l/sfn] @))! df g] 6f] ;} Go u7aGwg;lxt ckmuflg:tfgdfly ;} lgs cfqmd0f u¥of] . tflnjfg ;QfRo"t eof] / ufdL0f Onfsfx?lt/ kmls{of] . tflnjfgn] cnsfobfnfO{ ;xof] u / ;+/ If0f u/] sf] 5 / o;sf g] tf cf] ;fdf ljg nfb] g ckmuflg:tfgdf 5g\ eGg] cd] l/sfsf] ljZjf; lyof] . cd] l/sf ckmuflg:tfgdf cft+sjfbsf] cGTo, nf] stGq / zflGtsf] :yfkgfsf gfddf kj] z u/] sf] lyof] . cd] l/sfsf] kj] zn] tflnjfg zf;gsf] cGTo t eof] t/ g tflnjfg ;dfKt eof] g t nf] stGqsf] :yfkgf / cdgr} g sfod ug] { p;sf] klta4tf g} k"/ f eof] . ckmuflg:tfgdf åGåsf] cfuf] qmdzM ;Nsb} uof] . l;l4P elgPsf tflnjfg k'gM zlQmzfnL ag] / cfP . 7"nf] hgwgsf] Iflt eof] . nfvf} +

dflg; dfl/P . 7"nf] ;+Vof z/0ffyL{ aGof] . Ps tYof+ssf cg';f/ ckmufg o'4df cd] l/sf / p;sf] u7aGwn] @ l6«lnog 8n/eGbf a9L vr{ u/] sf 5g\ . xfldb sf/hfxL / c;/km 3fgL h:tf zf;sx?nfO{ cl3 ;f/] / cd] l/sfn] cfkm\gf Ph] 08fx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ vf] h] klg pm qmdzM r'Sb} uof] . ei6frf/ 8/nfUbf] u/L df} nfof] . Odfgbfl/tf, hjfkmb] xLtf / d'n'skltsf] k] ddf wld/f nfUb} uof] . xhf/f} + k9] n] v] sf ckmufgx?df klZrd df] x a9\of] . oL ;a} af6 kmfObf tflnjfgnfO{ eof] . ckmuflg:tfgdf c;kmn ePsf] , pknlAw s] xL klg gePsf] lgisif{kl5 g} 6«Dk cd] l/sL ;] gf kmsf{pg] lgisif{df k'u] sf lyP . cd] l/sL ;] gf kmsf{pg] 6«Dksf] 3f] if0ffnfO{ clxn] sf /fi6«klt jfO8] gn] sfof{Gjog u/] sf x'g\ . cd] l/sL c;kmntf jfO8] gsf] …hlt ;} lgs zlQm nufP klg Ps :yL/, Pstfa4 / ;'/ lIft ckmuflg:tfg ;Dej 5} gÚ eGg] cleJolQmaf6 klg :ki6 x'G5 . ckmuflg:tfg cd] l/sfsf lglDt bf] ;f] leotgfd ;fljt ePsf] 5 . d'l:ndx?df wfld{s cltjfbL lrGtgsf] ljsf;df cd] l/sfsf] j} lZjs bfbflu/Ln] klg w] / } e"ldsf ;Dkfbg u/] sf] 5 . cd] l/sf / cGo sltko klZrdf d'n'sx?klt d'l:nd wfld{s cltjfbLx?df kfOg] cToGt gsf/fTds b[li6sf] 0fsf] ljsf; To;} ePsf] xf] Og . ;f] leot ;+3 / cd] l/sL ;} lgssf] nHhfhgs k/fhon] g sDo'lgi6 qmflGt csf{n] ul/lbP/ x'G5 g t nf] stGq / zflGtsf] :yfkgf klg s;} n] rfx] / x'G5 eGg] ;Gb] z lbG5 . o;sf lglDt t ToxL+sf hgtf pl7a:g'k5{ . nf] stGqsf] :yfkgf xf] ;\ jf sDo'lgi6 zf;gsf] :yfkgf, ToxLsf hgtfn] ug'{k5{ . cft+sjfbnfO{ klxn] cfkm} n] dnhn ug] { kl5 cfkm} n] To;nfO{ ;dfKt ug{ o'4 ug] { cd] l/sf h:tf] d'n'saf6 cft+sjfbsf] cGTo ;Dej 5} g . tflnjfgn] k'/ fg} z} nLdf cfkm"nfO{ k:t't ug] {5 jf km/s9+un], :ki6 geP klg of] wfld{s cltjfbL zlQm xf] eGg] s'/ fdf s'g} ;Gb] x 5} g . cfly{s, /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs– ;f+: s[lts ?kfGt/0f ub} { Pp6f alnof] cfw'lgs /fi6«sf] lgdf{0f tflnjfgaf6 ;Dej 5} g . h'g zlQm wfld{s cltjfbL lrGtgaf6 lgb] {lzt 5 To;af6 nf] stflGqs zf;g Joj:yfsf] :yfkgfsf] cfzf ug{ ;lsGg . sDo'lgi6 ljrf/wf/fsf] lj/f] wdf t pm cem lgd{d x'g] g} eof] . tflnjfgn] cfkm"nfO{ s] xL gof“ 9+un] k:t't u/] klg ljutsf] p;sf] zf;gsf] tl/sfdf w] / } cGt/ cfpg] 5}g . tflnjfgsf] ljhonfO{ /fi6«jfbsf] ljhosf ?kdf klg dlxdfd08g ug{ ;lsb}g . wfld{s cltjfbL zlQmx?sf] /fi6«jfbnfO{ pgLx?sf] ljrf/wf/faf6 cnu u/]/ x]g{ ;lsGg . d'n'snfO{ Pstfa4 ug{, nf] stflGqs zf;gk0ffnLnfO{ c+uLsf/ ug{ / To; cg'?k cl3 a9\g h'g zlQm tof/ 5} g To;sf] /fi6«jfbsf] klg cy{ /x“b} g . ;fdfHojfb lj?4sf] p;sf] ;+3if{nfO{ Ps;Ldf;Dd ;sf/fTds ?kdf x] g{ ;lsG5 t/ o;f] ul//x“bf pm wfld{s cltjfbL zlQm xf] / p;sf v'6\6f c“Wof/f] ctLtlt/ kmls{Psf 5g\ eGg] oyfy{nfO{ klg la;{g' x'“b} g . ckmuflg:tfg cltjfbLx?sf] xftdf xf] Og cuufdL zlQmx?sf] xftdf x'g'k5{ . Toxf“sf hgtfn] :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs Gofosf lglDt n8fO“ n8\g af“sL g} 5 .

k}+rf] kmsf{O“Fb} † kf;f kN6\of] . x] l/of] , ;/sf/ km] l/of] . lxhf] sf] ;/sf/df /x] sf pGdfbLx? cfh ;8sdf / ;8sdf /x] sf sdhf] / x? ;/sf/df k'u] . lxhf] sfn] /fi6«kltnfO{ kof] u u/] / h;f] uy] {, u/fp“y] , cfhsfn] ;efd'vnfO{ kof] u u/] / 7\ofSs} p:t} ub} {5g\, u/fp“b} 5g\ . k} +rf] kmsf{p“b} 5g\, ltb} {5g\ . n'lDagL kb] z / ;+3Lo ;bgdf h] ljjfb b] lvPsf] 5, wfs / wDsLsf] efiff kof] u ePsf] 5, lxhf] h:t} nfUb} 5 . slQ km/s b] lvGg aLrdf a;] / x] bf{ . cfkm} n] u/] sf] lxhf] sf] abdf;L cfh c?n] ubf{ s:tf] x'“bf] / x] 5 eGg] a'em] x'G5 cf] nLsf pGdfbL 6f] nLn] klg . v'lRrª\ eg] sf] x} g of] . s;} n] klg clt gu?g\ rflx“ cjZo eGg vf] h] sf] xf] . lxhf] sf k"/ } b'i6, b'h{g / b'/ frf/L, cfhsf ;a} ;Hhg / ;bfrf/L eGg vf] lhPsf] k6Ss} x} g, 5} g . aL; / pGgfO;sf] km/s dfq} xf] , c? w] / } cGt/ 5} g, e] l6b} g . Pp6} l;Ssfsf b'a} kf6f h:t} x'g\, 5g\ . ufO{ ls lqz"n eg] / /f] hfpg kb} {g . ;/sf/df k'Ub} df, zlQm kof] u ug] { df} sf kfp“b} df, h] klg ug{ yflnof] eg] xhd x'“b} g . 8fa/sf] xhdf] nfn] krfpg ;Sb} g . ;s] g, kr] g, b] lvof] , kf] lvof] . kvfnf nfUof] . lxhf] sf ;/sf/jfnfnfO{ clgolGqt kvfnf nfu] sf] 5 clxn] . af6f] , 3f6f] , rf] s / rf} af6f] kmf] xf] / kfb} {5g\, jfGtfpN6L_ ub} {5g\ . cf–cfkm} df le8b} 5g\, kfv'/ f ;'s{b} 5g\ / kf} +7] hf] / L v] Nb} 5g\ . lxhf] ;Dd ;“u} /x“bf ufnf rf6frf6 ug] {x? cfh cfk;df e] 6 x'“bf klg unf sf6fsf6 unf{g\ ls eGg] 8/ a9] sf] 5 ;dfhdf . ;/sf/af6 aflxl/g' kbf{sf] kL8f / 56\k6Ldfly Toqf] ;Unf] / cUnf] kf6L{ ljefhg x'“bfsf] cfqmf] z ;xL g;Sg'sf] 5 . sxL g;Sg'sf] 5 . x] l/g;Sg'sf] 5 . Joxf] l/g;Sg'sf] 5 . lxhf] sf pg} ;xofqL, Psn] csf] {nfO{ u2f/, b] zbf] xL / ck/fwL b] V5, eG5 . zq' dfG5 / hf/ 7fG5 . df} sf k/] ef} lts?kd} hfOnfUg ;S5 . abnfsf] efjgfn] h] klg ug{ nufp“5 . ;fj{hlgs?kdf ;efd'vnfO{ d'v} kmf] / ] / lbPsf] wDsL To;} sf] pkh xf] . /fi6«kltnfO{ klg sd elgPsf] lyPg ;8s / ;~hfnaf6 lxhf] . pgn] klg ;s] ;Dd sk6 u/] s} x'g\, cf] nLsf]

6f] nLnfO{ l6sfpg / ljsfpg . of] b] zdf cbfnt dfq} geOlbPsf] eP, k/dfb] z dfq} hf/L gul/lbPsf] eP, lxhf] s} ;/sf/ /xGYof] lg † /fi6«klt ejgdf ;–z/L/ pkl:yt eP/ b] pjfsf kIfdf ax'dt ;f+;b k'Ubf klg of] b] zdf cf] nL afx] s csf] { kwfgdGqL aGg} g;Sg] /fi6«kltsf tL s'ts{ / lg0f{o cf7f} + cfZro{sf] ljifo ag] s} 5g\ . b'lgof“n] klg p:t} u/L eg] s} xf] . of] egfeg klg bf] xf] l/of] . /fhgLlt p;} u/L kmf] xf] l/of] . cbfntsf] kfË0fd} ax'dt ;f+;b ;–z/L/ k'¥ofP/, k/dfb] zsf nflu bl/nf] cfwf/ tof/ kfl/lbP/, ;bgd} klg ljZjf;sf] dt lnP/ bxf ag] sf b] pjfnfO{ cf] nLsf] bf] ;f] ;+: s/0f elgb} 5 . 7\ofSs} p:t} ePsf] 7flgb} 5 . bn km'6fpg] cWofb] zsf] pkh xf] of] . cf] nLsf] pGdfbL 6f] nLn] h:t} csf{sf] 3/df cfuf] nufP/ Gofgf] tfKbf, /fhgLltsf] /f] 6L ;] Sbf cfkm\g} 3/ ghnf] ;\ . sf+u] ; ;Un} /xf] ;\, arf] ;\ . chDd/L a'6L vfP/ ag] sf] , ;8sdf slxn} hfg'kb} {g eg] / 7fg] sf] cf] nLsf] pGdfbL 6f] nLsf] ;/sf/af6 aflxl/g'kbf{sf] cf} 8fxfn] kf] n] kl5 h] klg af] lnG5 . dfcf] jfbLaf6 Pdfn] df uPsf / km] l/ dfcf] jfbLd} /x] sf] eg] / ;f+;b kbsf] ydf} tL u/fpg cbfntdf k'u] sf g] tfsf efif0f ;'g] kl5 cfkm} yfxf kfOG5 . cf] nLsf] 6f] nLsf uf] n/Ifs ag] sf a:g] t, yfkf / af“: sf] 6fnfO{ klg kl5 kf/] sf 5g\ pgLx?n] . gof“ hf] uLn] cln a9L v/fgL 3;] sf] b] lvG5 . /fhgLlts /Ëd~rdf hf/L gf} 6+sL x] / ] / dhf lng rfxg] nfO{ h:tf] vf] Hof] To:t} ljlrq ljlrqsf lrq / rl/qsf kfq e] l6G5 . ;+;bLo /fhgLltsf] ef] s / tLvf{ klg ;lhn} d] l6G5 . gfos g} vngfos ag] kl5 x'g'kg] { sfd / s'/ f] x'Gg, gx'g'kg] { hlt ;a} x'G5 . ePs} 5 . ef] luPs} 5 . c? klg ef] Ug kfOg]5 . ;+;bLo k4lt cfkm} df oltw] / } v/fa t gxf] nf . c;n / :j:y klt:kwL{ zf;g Joj:yf xf] nf, zlQm ;Gt'ng sfod /x] sf b] zx?df . zlQmn] elQm vf] Hg yfn] kl5 / eQmnfO{ g} lgo'lQm lbg] rng rn] kl5sf] g] kfnL e[TotGqdf cfnf] rsx? zq'df kl/0ft ul/Psf x'g\ . :t'lt / elQmsf ehg / sLt{g ufpg] sbsf 5f] 6f ehg] sf 6f] nLn]

dfq kb kfpg] / cfnf] rsx?nfO{ xb gf3] / l;Wofpg] rngn] lauf/] sf] 5 . lxhf] sfn] s] u/] / cfhsfn] s] ub} {5g\ cfkm} ks6 x'“b} 5g\ . ;+od /x] / ;xg dfq} k5{ ;a} v'n:t x'G5 cfkm} b] Vg kfOG5 . ;Hhgsf xftdf k/] , h:t} v/fa cj:yfnfO{ klg ;'wfb} { nu] / /fdf] df kl/0ft ub} { hfG5 . b'h{gsf xftdf lbPkl5 ;xh cj:yf klg c;xh aG5 . clxn] h] ePsf] 5, Joj:yfsf] eGbf klg g] t[Tjsf] sdhf] / L / nfk/jfxL xf] nf, Joj:yfksLo cIfdtfsf] pkh xf] nf . t/ xfdL p208 / cx+sf/L Joj:yfkssf] ehg ufP/ d's Joj:yfnfO{ abgfd ug{ / ;+ljwfg km] g{ pBt /x'~h] n cj:yfdf ;'wf/ gcfpg] eof] . Pp6f p208 uP/ csf] { pGdfbL cfp“bf s] xL km/s gkg'{sf] sf/0f ToxL xf] . lxhf] cf] nLsf pGdfbL 6f] nLn] b] zsf] 9's'6Ldf ax\dn"6 dRrfPsf lyP . ca b] pjf / kr08sf p208 hdftn] dRrfpnfg\ . km/s s] xL klg kb} {g, sf] xL cfp“b} df / hf“b} df . ev{/ } ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] dxfn] vfsf] kltj] bgn] eG5– sxf“ slt cfly{s 3f] 6fnf / abdf;L ePsf] /x] 5 eg] / . ut ;fnsf] 6«fG;k/] G;L OG6/g] zgnsf] kltj] bgn] eg] s} xf] – cGt/fli6«o:t/d} cf] nL slt ;bfrf/L /x] 5g\ eg] / kf] n vf] n] s} xf] . ljkIfL kf6L{sf g] tf / ;8ssf dfG5] n] nufpg] cf/f] k t kmut c;Gtf] ifsf t'if kf] v] sf] dfq} eGg ;lsPnf . cf] 7] hjfkm / sf] 7] if8oGqsf kltjfbn] 5] lsPnf / /f] lsPnf klg . dxfn] vf k/LIfssf] jflif{s kltj] bg / 6«fG;k/] G;L OG6/Gofzgnsf cGt/f{li6«o kltj] bgnfO{ t kIfkftk"0f{ eGg gldNnf . cf/f] k dfq} x} gg\ tL . 9fs5f] k ug{ ldNb} g, ;lsb} g . P] ltxfl;s?kd} snlÍt ePsf cfwf/ / kdf0f x'g\ . h:t} xg'dfgsf kz+;f, :t'lt / ehgn] klg gi6 ug{ ;Sb} gg\ . xfdf ;/sf/af6 aflxl/g] / lelqg] n] dfq} a'‰b} gg\ . ;QfGwtfsf] /f] un] u:t x'“bfsf] glthf xf] of] . ;/sf/ aGg] / eTsg] qmddf h] h:tf xs{t ePsf 5g\, bf] xf] l/Psf 5g\, aGbgLo 5} gg\, x} gg\ . lgGbgLo / b08gLo dfq} b] lvG5g\ . km'6] sf] Pdfn] h'6fpg / t] ;f] wf/sf g] tfnfO{ afNsf] 6 k'¥ofpg e"ldsf

gf/fo0fk;fb kf} 8] n

v] n] / g] kfn kIfdf @) kltzt ;f+;b / s] GbLo ;b:o k'Ug glbg /fi6«klt v'n] / } nfu] sf] atfO“b} 5 . ;efd'vn] u7aGwgnfO{ ;3fpg p:t} e"ldsf lgefPsf] elgb} 5 . g /fi6«klt ;j{dfGo aGg ;lsg\, g ;efd'v ;a} sf x'g ;s] . /fi6«kltn] ;Ddflgt kbd} /x] / cf] nL kIfLo Pdfn] sf] /fhgLlt u/] sf] / ;efd'vn] u7aGwgnfO{ ;3fPsf] cf/f] k kmut cf/f] k dfq} gxf] nfg\ . h:tf] u/] sf] b] v] sf 5g\ b'lgof“n] p:t} cf/f] k cfOnfu] sf x'g\ ;8s / ;~hfndf klg . if8oGq / ltu8d ug{ sf] xL sd 5} gg\ . cf] nLn] h] u/] / u/fp“b} 5g\ . b] pjfsf cu'jf k5'jfn] p:t} u/] / k} +rf] kmsf{p“b} 5g\ . /fhgLlts bnsf kbsf ef] sf t/ sbsf 5f] 6f g] tfnfO{ /fi6«klt / ;efd'v agfPsf] ;hfo ef] Ub} 5 b] z / Joj:yfn] . bns} sf] 6faf6 GofofwLz lgo'Qm u/] kl5 Goflos cJoj:yf / c/fhstfsf] phfu/ klg x'“b} 5 . ;+j} wflgs lgsfodf ;d] t bn / g] tfsf e[Tox?nfO{ kbf;Lg u/fPsf] kltkmn ef] Ub} 5 b] zn] . sf] xL rf] vf] e] l6b} g . clVtof/sf d'lVtof/x? g} ei6frf/sf dltof/ eO;s] kl5 ;bfrf/sf] cfz ug} { ;lsGg . b] z hf] ufpg lhDdf lnPsf] ;] gfn] ;d] t 7] Ssfk§f / Jofkf/ Joj;fo ug{ yfn] kl5 s] xL ar] sf] 5} g . o:tf] b] zdf b'b{zfsf] ljsNk e] l6b} g . ;'wf/sf nflu ;+sNk ug] { zlQm / JolQmsf] cefj x'g'nfO{ gf} nf] dfGg ;lsb} g . npaudelg@gmail.com

@)&* ;fn ebf} ( ut] a'waf/

(Aug. 25, 2021)

www.nayayougbodh.com

gful/snfO{ /fxtsf Kofs]h b]pm M k"j{ueg{/

q odnfn e';fn a'6jn, * ebf} . g] kfn /fi6« a} +ssf k"j{ueg{/ 8f= lr/~hLjL g] kfnn] ;/sf/n] k"“hLut vr{df hf] 8 lbg'kg] { atfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] sf] / f] gf dxfdf/Ln] lgDgju{sf gful/sx? ;d:ofdf k/] sf] atfp“b} /fxtsf Kofs] h tTsfn Nofpg'kg] {df hf] 8 lbg'eof] . d+unjf/ l/kf] 6{;\ Sna g] kfn n'lDagL kb] zn] a'6jndf cfof] hgf u/] sf] ;fIffTsf/df pxf“n] g] kfnn] sf] / f] gf EoflS;gnfO{ kfyldstf lbg'kg] { atfp“b}

hgtfsf] hLjg pTyfgsf nflu /fxtsf sfo{qmd Nofpg'kg] {df hf] 8 lbg'eof] . d'n'ssf] cy{tGq cufl8 a9fpg ltgfp 8fOe;{g /fdf] ljsNk /x] sf] pxf“n] cf} +Nofpg'eof] ] . pxf“n] n'lDagLsf] ljsf;sf nflu e} / xjf cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn, l;4afaf ;'?ªdfu{sf] sfd l56f] eGbf l56f] cufl8 a9fpg ;'emfj lbg'eof] . a'6jn–kfNkf ;8scGtu{t l;4afaf If] qdf jif] {lg gful/sx?sf] Hofg lnPsf] cjut x'“bfx'“b} klg /fhgLlts g] t[Tjn] ;dfwfgtkm{ rf;f] glbPsf] b'v] ;f] pxf“n]

kf] Vg'eof] ] . k"j{ueg{/ 8f= g] kfnn] /fi6« a} +sn] hf/L u/] sf] df} lbs gLltn] d'n'ssf] cy{tGq alnof] agfpg] atfp“b} cfly{s k'g?TyfgnfO{ ;xof] u k'¥ofpg] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . sfo{qmddf n'lDagL kb] z ;/sf/sf kjQmf tyf cfly{s dfldnf tyf of] hgf dGqL s[i0fWjh v8\sfn] kb] zsf] ljsf; / ;d[l4sf nflu cWofb] zaf6 NofPsf] ah] 6nfO{ k'g:yf{kg u/] / gof“ ah] 6 agfpg nfluk/] sf] atfpg'eof] . dGqL v8\sfn] ;/sf/n] Go"gtd ;femf sfo{qmd Nofpg nfu] sf] klg atfpg'eof] . v8\sfn] cfkm"x?sf] d'Vo kfyldstf sf] / f] gf /f] syfd / lgoGq0f /x] sf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof] ] – …d'n's olta] nf sf] / f] gfn] ylnPsf] 5, t] ;f] nx/n] yk Iflt gk'¥ofcf] ;\ eGg] p2] Zon] kb] zjf;LnfO{ vf] k lbg] tof/Ldf 5f} + . xfdf] klxnf] nIo eg] sf] sf] / f] gf /f] syfd xf] .Ú dGqL v8\sfn] !* jif{eGbf d'lgsfnfO{ vf] k nufP/ ljBfnox? ;~rfngdf Nofpg] tof/L ul//x] sf] bfaL ug'{eof] . sfo{qmd l/kf] 6{;\ Sna g] kfn n'lDagL kb] z cWoIf /fds'df/ If] qLsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] lyof] .

cfkm\g} ejgaf6 kz'k+IfL pkrf/ z'? Ps ;ftfb]lv OG6/g]6 ;]jf cj?4 o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf

q tLy{/ fh 1jfnL df} / L3f6, * ebf} . /fKtL ufp“kflnsf kz' ;] jf zfvfn] kz'k+IfL pkrf/ ;] jf cfkm\g} ejgaf6 z'? u/] sf] 5 . j8f g+=$ sf] uf] kLgfnfdf /x] sf] kz'k+IfL pkrf/ s] Gbsf] gjlgld{t ejgaf6 ;] jf z'? u/] sf] kz' ;] jf zfvf kd'v z] / axfb'/ xdfn l/hfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . kz'k+IfL pkrf/ s] Gbn] kz' ;] jf kfljlws, kz' :jf:Yo kfljlws, gfoj kz' :jf:Yo kfljlws u/L kf“rhgf sd{rf/L;lxt cfkm\g} ejgaf6 lgMz'Ns ;] jf lbg z'? u/] sf] l/hfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . uf] kLgfnfdf /x] sf] kz'k+IfL pkrf/ s] Gbdf lgMz'Ns?kdf kz'k+IfLx?sf] uf] a/ k/LIf0f, cfGtl/s aflx/L hLjLsf]

pkrf/, kz'k+IfL;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ /f] usf] pkrf/, vf] k ;] jf, aGWofs/0f ;] jf, s[lqd uef{wfg ;] jf, k/fdz{ ;] jf lgoldt?kdf ;~rfng eO/x] sf] kz' :jf:Yo kfljlws sdn k'g du/n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . kz' ;] jf zfvf kd'v z] / axfb'/ xdfn l/hfnsf cg';f/ zfvfn] lgoldt?kdf lxp“b] / jif] { 3f“;sf lap, a] gf{ ljt/0f ub} { cfPsf] atfp“b} s[ifsnfO{ kz'k+IfL tyf dT:okfng ubf{ s'g} ;d:of cfPdf ;Dks{ ug{ cg'/ f] w ug'{eof] . kz' ;] jf zfvfn] l5§} g} cfwf/e"t kof] uzfnf ;~rfng ug{ nfu] sf] atfp“b} l/hfnn] o; zfvfn] l;;xlgofaf6 ;d] t ;] jf lbb} cfPsf] n] j8f g+=% sf] sfof{nodf /x] sf] pkrf/s] Gbdf;d] t ;Dks{ ug{ kz'k+IfL kfnsnfO{ cg'/ f] w ug'{ePsf] 5 .

j8f sfof{no ejg pb\3f6g o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf efn'afª, * ebf} . /fKtL ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= @ sf] gjlgld{t ejg pb\3f6g ul/Psf] 5 . /fKtL ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf g'dfgGb ;'j] bLn] ;f] daf/ Ps sfo{qmdaLr ejg pb\3f6g ug'{ ePsf] xf] . *$ nfv !^ xhf/ tLg ;o #% ?k} of“sf] nfutdf ag] sf] ejgdf Pp6f ;efxn, b'O{j6f :6f] / sIf / rf/j6f a} 7s sIf u/L cf7 sf] 7] /x] sf] pQm ejgsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ cf/hL lgdf{0f ;] jf 3f] / fxL bfªn]

hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . /fKtL ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= @ sf cWoIf hutaxfb'/ yfkfsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] ejg pb\3f6g ;df/f] xnfO{ kd'v cltly ;'j] bL, ljlzi6 cltly /fKtL ufkf pkfWoIf hubDafs'df/L rf} w/L, kd'v kzf;sLo clws[t zf] ef/fd l/hfn, j8f g+= # sf cWoIf rGb/ rf} w/L, g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf kltlglw bf] 0fk;fb e';fn, dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf kltlglw wd{/ fh clwsf/L, /fli6«o hgdf] rf{sf /d] zdfg u'?ªnufotn] af] Ng'ePsf] lyof] .

l;dsf] 6, * ebf} . x'Dnfsf] blIf0f e] udf /x] sf] cbfgr'nL ufp“kflnsfdf Ps xKtfb] lv OG6/g] 6 ;] jf cj?4 x'“bf oxf“sf ;] jfufxLn] ;f:tL v] Kg'k/] sf] 5 . l5d] sL lhNnf d'u'sf] ;f] ? ufp“kflnsfsf] ;f] ?sf] 6df /x] sf] jN8{ln+ssf] 6fj/df v/faL cfp“bf cbfgr'nLdf xKtf lbgb] lv OG6/g] 6 cj?4 ePsf] xf] . 6fj/df v/faL cfP/ xKtf lbgb] lv OG6/g] 6 ;] jf cj?4 x'“bf o; If] qsf a} +s tyf ljQLo ;+: yf, :jf:Yo ;+: yf, ;fd'bflos ljBfno, ufp“kflnsf / kTo] s j8f sfof{nodf sfd ug{ yk ;d:of agfPsf] 5 . j8f g+= ! n] nfeufxLn] kfpg] ;fdflhs ;'/ Iff eQf a} +s vftfdfkm{t sf/f] jf/ yfn] klg a} +sdf OG6/g] 6 gx'“bf lbgx'“ eQf a'em\g cfpg] nfeflGjt JolQmnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg g;s] sf] Unf] an cfOPdO{ a} +ssf kaGws /d] zaxfb'/ /fjnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . a} +sdf /x] sf] le:of8 ;] jfn] ;d] t sfd gubf{ sfd ug{ yk ;d:of agfPsf] pxf“n] u'gf;f] ug'{eof] . eQf kfpg] nfeufxLsf] /sd pgLx¿sf] a} +s vftfdf hDdf ePsf] eP klg OG6/g] 6 gx'“bf l/Qf] xft lkmtf{ x'g] u/] sf] / b} lgs gful/sn] ;f:tL v] Kg'k/] sf] kaGws /fjnn] atfpg'eof] .

ufp“kflnsfdf ;~rf/sf] dfWodsf ¿kdf /x] sf] ufdL0f /] l8of] >Lgu/nfO{ ;d] t OG6/g] 6 gx'“bf ;dfrf/ ;Dk] if0fdf yk ;d:of agfPsf] /] l8of] sf :6] zg Dofg] h/ sfnLaxfb'/ yfkfn] atfpg'eof] . cfkm"n] cGo /fli6«o ;~rf/dfWoddf sfd ug] { u/] sf] eP klg xKtf lbgb] lv OG6/g] 6 ;] jf gx'“bf lhNnfdf ePsf ;dfrf/ ;Dk] if0f ug{ g;s] sf] atfpg'eof] . OG6/g] 6af6 x'g] j8fsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfd;d] t kefljt ePsf] j8f g+ # sf sDKo'6/ ck] 6/ /fh' kfsL{n] u'gf;f] ug'{eof] . OG6/g] 6 gx'“bf Od] n, km\ofS;af6 x'g] ;Dk"0f{ sfd /f] lsPsf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . o:t} o; If] qdf /x] sf :jf:Yo ;+: yf / ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf ;d] t sfd ug{ ;d:of agfPsf] hfgsf/L kfKt ePsf] 5 . xKtf lbgb] lv sfd ug{ 5f8] sf] jN8{ln+s dd{tsf nflu sd{rf/L k7fpg cfux ubf{ kfljlwssf] cefj ePsf] eGb} s] xL lbgkl5 dfq} dd{tsf nflu ;f] ? k7fpg] hfgsf/L jN8{ln+sn] lbPsf] 5 . o:t} lhNnfsf] l;dsf] 6 ufp“kflnsf–& rf} ugkmofdf gd:t] 6] lnkmf] g ;] jfn] /fdf] ;“u sfd gu/] sf] gful/sn] u'gf;f] u/] sf 5g\ . lhNnf aflx/ /x] sf cfkmGt tyf lhNnfd} Pscsf{;“u 6] lnkmf] gdf s'/ f ug{ vf] Hbf /fdf] ;“u sfd gu/] sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

txl;n ldl;n g+= @#* bfª lhNnf cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] nf]sklt Gof}kfg]sf] 5f]/f lhNnf bfª t'n;Lk'/ p=d=g=kf= j8f g+= % a:g] jif{ #* sf sdns'df/ Gof}kfg]sf gfpFsf] & lbg] Dofb ==================. jfbL lhNnf bfª t'n;Lk'/ p=d=g=kf= j8f g+= % 3/ e} xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf nlntk'/ d=g=kf= j8f g+= !% a:g] ;+=;= >[hgf Gof}kfg] / kltjfbL tkfOF ePsf] dfgfrfdn d'2fdf nlntk'/ lhNnf cbfntsf ldlt @)&$.!).@( sf] km};nf adf]lhd kltjfbLx?af6 jfbL ;'hg Gof}kfg], e'uf]n Gof}kfg] / clj:dL Gof}kfg] 5'l§leq geP;Dd ldlt @)&#.%.!@ b]lv dfl;s?kdf ?= #),))).– ldlt @)&*.%.# ;Dd dfgfrfdn jfktsf] ?= !&,#!,))).– -;q nfv Pslt; xhf/_ sf]6{ lkm ?= !),$().– u/L hDdf ?= !&,$!,$().– c;'n ul/lbg] u/L tkfOFsf] gfpFsf] tkl;n adf]lhdsf] hUuf ldlt @)&*.%.@( ut] clGtd k6s sfod d"No ?= (,)!,!@).– df lnnfd 8fFs a9fa9 x'Fb}5 . pQm lbg;Dd klg tkfOFn] a'emfpg' kg]{ ;f] ljuf] /sd bflvnf gu/]df pQm hUuf lnnfd u/L jfbLsf] ljuf] e/fO{ lbg] sfo{ x'g]5 . kl5 tkfOFsf] ph'/ nfUg] 5}g . l;= h]yfjfnf lhNnf g=kf= j8f ls=g+= If]qkmn 8fFs af]Ng] kg]{ Go"gtd g+= hUufwgLsf] gfd g+= d"No k~rs[t]{ d"No ! sdns'df/ Gof}kfg] bfª t'n;Lk'/ ( s #((( !!=(@ ?= (,)!,!@).– blIf0f @ sdns'df/ Gof}kfg] bfª t'n;Lk'/ % v #!^# $!=$@

Olt ;Dat\ @)&* ;fn efb ( ut] /f]h $ df z'ed\=================. g]kfn ;/sf/

dfnkf]t sfof{no t'n;Lk'/, bfªsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf † bfª lhNnf ;fljs dfgk'/–$ xfn t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !^ a:g] tf]nL af]x/fn] lgDg lnlvt hUufsf] >]:tfsfod÷gfd;f/L u/L kfpF egL lgj]bg lbg'ePsf] x'bF f ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf ksflzt ul/Psf] 5 . d[tssf gfddf >]:tfsfod / lgj]bssf] gfddf gfd;f/L ug{ gkg]{ sf/0f eP jf c? s;}sf] gfddf ;d]t >]:tfsfod / gfd;f/L x'gk' g]{ eP jf lgj]bs afx]s c? xsjfnf klg eP sf/0f / kdf0f;lxt of] ;"rgf ksflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% -k}lt;_ lbgleq d[tssf] gfddf >]:tfsfod / lgj]bgsf] gfddf gfd;f/L ug'{ gkg]{ sf/0f v'nfO{ c?sf] klg xs nfUg] eP kdf0f;lxt >]:tfsfod / gfd;f/L ug'k{ g]{ jf c? klg xsjfnf eP xsjfnfn] cfˆgf] lhls/;lxt lgj]bg ug{ cfpg'xf]nf . ;odleq bfaL lj/f]w ug{ gcfP sfg'g adf]lhd e}hfg] Joxf]/f ;"lrt ul/G5 .

d[tssf] gfddf >]:tfsfod / lgj]bsn] gfd;f/L ug{ dfu u/]sf] hUufsf] ljj/0f

sd{rf/L t'?Gt cfjZostf M Lab Assistant -dlxnf ! hgf_

uf=kf= j8f g+= lsQf g+= If]qkmn lsl;d hUufwgLsf] gfd dfgk'/ ^÷v ^! )–@–% – a'l4/fd af]x/f bfª lhNnf ;fljs dfgk'/–$ xfn t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g++= !^ a:g] tf]nL af]x/fn] d]/f ktL a'l4/fd af]x/fsf] ldlt @)&$÷(÷!^ df d[To' ePsf] d[tsf] xsjfnf Psdfq kTgL tf]nL af]x/f, 5f]/fx? h]7f] rGbaxfb'/ af]x/f, dfOnf /d]z af]x/f / sfG5f lai0f'axfb'/ af]x/f / cljjflxtf 5f]/L ;'lgtf af]x/f / lvdf af]x/f ePsf] d[ts a'l4/fd af]x/fsf] gfddf btf{ >]:tf ePsf] dfgk'/ ^÷v lsQf g+= ^! h=lj= )–@–% hUufsf] >]:tf dfnkf]t sfof{no 3f]/fxL bfªdf @)%* ;fndf cfunfuL eO{ hn]/ gi6 ePsf] xfn;Dd pQm hUuf sxL st} j]rljvg gu/L xsbf/n] hf]tef]u u/L cfPsf] / d[tssf] kfngkf]if0f sfhs[of kTgL / 5f]/fx?n] u/]sf] egL ls6fgL l;kmf/L; ;h{ldg eO cfPsf] x'Fbf pQm hUufsf] >]:tf d[tssf] gfddf sfod u/L glhssf] xsjfnf Psdfq kTgLsf] gfddf gfd;f/L u/L hUufwgL kdf0fk"hf{ kfpF egL dfu u/]sf]n] of] xsbfjL ;"rgf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}sf] nflu of] ;"rgf ksfzg ul/Psf] 5 .

;dfrf/

kf08]sf] :d[ltdf >4f~hnL;ef ;'v]{tdf k'gM Ps;ftf lgif]wf1f yk o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf t'n;Lk'/ , * ebf} . t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf kd'v Pj+ Pdfn] s] GbLo ;b:o 3gZofd kf08] sL cfdf cd[tf kf08] sf] :d[ltdf g] skf Pdfn] bfªn] d+unaf/ >4f~hnL ;ef ;DkGg u/] sf] 5 . Pdfn] bfª ;+u7g sld6Lsf cWoIf x's'd a:g] tsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] >4f~hnL;efdf n'lDagL kb] zsf k"j{ jgdGqL nLnf lu/Ln] cd[tf kf08] sf] lgwgn] kf6L{nfO{ Iflt k'u] sf] atfpg'eof] . !# cf} + k'0oltlydf ul/Psf] >4f~hnL;efdf af] Nb} lu/Ln] lbj+ut kf08] n] kToIf÷ckToIf?kdf kf6L{df

u/] sf] of] ubfg :d/0fLo /x] sf] atfpg'eof] . ;efdf g] skf Pdfn] /fli6«o kltlglw kl/ifb ;b:oåo 5ljnfn cf] nL, lul//fh s] ;L, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt bfªsf kd'v hLt] Gbdfg g] kfnL, Pdfn] g] tfx? zDe' uf} td, 6f] k] Gb s] ;L, ljj] s >] i7, lzj/fh gu/kflnsf slknj:t'sf kd'v g] q/fh clwsf/Lnufotn] lbj+ut kf08] n] kf6L{df k'¥ofPsf] of] ubfgsf] rrf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng Pdfn] ;lrj dgf] x/ a'9fyf] sLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] wGojfb 1fkg lbj+ut cd[tfsf 5f] / f 3gZofd kf08] ] n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

ls;fg / Jofkf/LaLr ;DaGw x'g'kg]{df hf]8 3f] / fxL, * ebf} -o';_– 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !$ sf cWoIf zlQm/fd 8f“uLn] s[lif pTkfbgsf j:t'x? ls;fgn] klg plrt d"No / Joj:yfkg;lxt laqmL ug{ kfpg] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . Jofkf/L / ls;fgaLrsf] ;DaGw ;'dw'/ x'g g;Sbf Jofkf/Lb] lv ls;fg tl;{g] , ls;fgb] lv Jofkf/L tl;{g]

ePsfn] ls;fg / Jofkf/LaLr ;'dw'/ ;DaGw :yflkt u/L s[lif pTkfbgnfO{ laqmLdf ;/n / ;xh / s[lif ahf/nfO{ Jojl:yt / ;'ljwf;DkGg agfpg'kg{] atfpg'eof] . s[lifpkh ahf/ ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf u'nfd /;'nsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf ;ldltdf cfa4 ls;fg / Jofkf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

s0ff{nL, * ebf} . lhNnf kzf;g sfof{no ;'v] {tn] yk Ps ;ftf lgif] wf1f yk u/] sf] 5 . ;'v] {t kzf;gn] oxL ebf} !% ut] ;Ddsf nflu k'gM lgif] wf1f yksf] ;"rgf u/] sf] 5 . sf] / f] gf efO/; ;+qmd0f ck] lIft¿kdf lgoGq0f x'g g;s] sf] / eL8ef8af6 ;+qmd0f km} ng glbg Ps ;ftfsf nflu lgif] wf1f yk ul/Psf] lhNnf kzf;g sfof{no ;'v] {tsf kd'v lhNnf clwsf/L 5ljnfn l/hfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . hgtfsf] hLjg:t/nfO{ x] / ] / kzf;gn] lgif] wf1f v's'nf] agfp“bf of] aLrdf ;+qmldt a9] kl5 o;nfO{ clgolGqt x'g glbg / gful/ssf] hLjg/Iff ug{ lgif] wf1f hf/L /flvPsf] klhc l/hfnn] atfpg'eof] . ;'v] {t kzf;gn] cf} iflw k;nx¿ @$ ;} 306f v'nf u/] sf] 5 eg] t/sf/L, kmnkm"n

tyf b'UwhGo kbfy{sf nflu laxfg ^M)) b] lv a] n'sf ^M)) ah] ;Dd v'nf u/] sf] 5 . To:t} vfBfGgnufot cGo k;n laxfg *M)) b] lv a] n'sf &M)) ah] ;Dd v'nf /fVg ;"rgf ul/Psf] ;xfos kd'v lhNnf clwsf/L /f] daxfb'/ dxtn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ xf] 6n tyf /] i6'/ ] 06df s"n Ifdtfsf] %) kltzt ga9\g] u/L :jf:Yo ;'/ Iffsf dfkb08 kfngf ug'{sf ;fy} eL8ef8 x'g glbP/ ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] / ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf :jf:Yo ;'/ Iffsf dfkb08 k"0f{ kfngf u/] / vf] Ng lgb] {zg lbOPsf] 5 . lhNnf kzf;g sfof{no ;'v] {tn] ;ef, ;] ldgf/, uf] i7L, bf] xf] / L gfr, ef] het] / , v] ns"b, :jLldª, Sna, b] p8f, d] nfh:tf ultljlw ug{ k"0f{ lgif] w u/] sf] 5 . kzf;gsf] s8fOn] kl5Nnf] ;dodf sf] / f] gf ;+qmldtsf] ;+Vofdf klg sdL cfPsf] hgfOPsf] 5 .

cg]d;+3 ndxLsf] lj:tfl/t a}7s o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf b] pv'/ L, * ebf} . clvn g] kfn dlxnf ;+3 ndxL gu/ ;ldltsf] lj:tfl/t a} 7s d+unaf/ ndxLdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . gu/ ;ldltsf cWoIf uf] df a:g] tsf] cWoIftfdf a;] sf] a} 7sdf kd'v cltly g] skf Pdfn] sf g] tf kltlglw;ef ;b:o u+uf yf?n] dlxnf clwsf/ ;+ljwfgdf ;'lglZrt ePsf] t/ sfof{Gjogsf nflu

cem} va/bf/L cfjZos /x] sf] atfpg'eof] . a} 7snfO{ g] skf Pdfn] sf g] tf tyf ndxL gu/kflnsfsf kd'v s'naxfb'/ s] ;L, g] skf Pdfn] ;+u7g sld6Lsf cWoIf b08L/fd rf} w/L, lhNnf ;b:o j] blglw lwtfn, lhNnf ;b:o ;'zLnf zdf{nufotsf jQmfx?n] ;Daf] wg ug{'ePsf] lyof] . eujtf a:g] tsf] :jfut dGtAoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng nIdL zdf{n] ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

b] pv'/ L, * ebf} -o';_– clj/n jiff{sf sf/0f b] pv'/ Ldf Pp6f 3/ elTsPsf] 5 . ndxL gu/kflnsf–( l/xf/ lgjf;L /fh' kwfgsf] rf/ sf] 7fsf] 6Lgsf] 5fgf] ePsf] 3/ elTsPsf] :yfgLo lvdaxfb'/ s] ;Ln] hfgsf/L

lbg'eof] . nuftf/ kfgL k/] sfn] 3/sf] leQf un] / elTsPsf] xf] . kl/jf/sf ;b:o cfkmGtsf] df cf>o lnP/ a;] sf 5g\ . kf“rhgfsf] kl/jf/ 3/ elTsPkl5 lj:yflkt ePsf 5g\ .

vf]nfn] aufp“bf Pshgfsf] d[To' nuftf/ kfgL kbf{ elTsof] 3/ ;Nofg, * ebf} -o';_– s'dfv ufp“kflnsfsf]

vf] nfn] aufp“bf ;Nofgdf Pshgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . lhNnfsf] s'dfv ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= $ l;Dtfn] lgjf;L %! jifL{o nLnfw/ zdf{sf] :yfgLo dd{vf] nfn] aufP/ d[To' ePsf] lhNnf kx/L sfof{no ;Nofgn] hgfPsf] 5 .

j8f g+=# / $ sf] l;dfgfdf /x] sf] dd{vf] nf tg] { qmddf vf] nfn] aufP/ pxf“ d+unaf/ laxfg j] kQf x'g'ePsf] lyof] . j] kQf ePsf zdf{sf] s'dfv ufp“kflnsf–@ zflGtahf/l:yt vf] nf lsgf/df zj km] nf k/] sf] kx/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .

ROLPA MUNICIPALITY OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL EXECUTIVE Liwang 4 Rolpa

Invitation for Bid Date of publication: 25/08/2021 1.

Rolpa Municipality, Rolpa invites the Electronic Bid only from Nepaleses elegible bidders for the construction of Projects as mentioned below under National Competitive Bidding procedures. Eligible Bidders may obtain further information and inspect the Bidding Documents at the of ce of Rolpa Municipality, Rolpa, e-mail: rolpanagarapalika@gmail.com, phone no. 086-440071

Last Date of Bid purchasing 24-09-2021

Last Date of Bid Submission

Date and time of Bid Opening

Bid Validity Period

24-09-2021 on or before 24-09-2021 at 14:00 hrs. 90 days 12:00 hrs.

Bid Security Validity Period 30 days beyond the validity period of bid.

Information to deposit the cost of bidding document in the Bank

Name of the Bank

Name of Of ce

Nepal Bank Rolpa Limited, Municipality, Liwang, Rolpa Rolpa

Of ce Code no

Of ce Account no

Rajaswa Shirshak

07603000003000000001 58-801-01 (Rolpa Municipality Rolpa Municipality Rolpa)

Rajaswa Account No 07603000001001000001

Details of the Contract

S. N.

Contract ID No.

Description of Works

RM/ROLPA/G/ Procurement of CGI Sheets and NCB/04/078-79 Accessories

tflnd;“u} /f]huf/L S.D.I. sDkgLnfO{ sd{rf/L cfjZostf

;+Vof M 21 of]Uotf M ;fdfGo n]vfk9L tna M 32500/– ;Dd nf]s]zg M bfª lhNnf e/L ;Dks{ g+= 9851167639, 9813380144 ;do M !) b]lv ^ ah];Dd .

t'= cfjZostf l/;]K;lg:6 M ! hgf dlxnf dfs{]l6ª clkm;/ M % hgf 8f6f sn]S;g ug{] M $ hgf ;fwf/0f n]vk9 # hgf tna M !),%)) b]lv @%,))) .– ;Dd M.M.E. sDkgL 3f]/fxL la=lk= rf]s ;Dks{M 9868622811/ 981370940 of]Uotf M SEE, +2 above gf]6 M ch{]G6L ePsf] x'Fbf a'em\g cfpFbf cf]l/lhgn 8s'd]G6;lxt cfpg'xf]nf .

Estimated Amount without VAT (NRs)

8591295.43

Bid Security (NRs.)

Bid Document Price

2,50,000/- 3000/-

Address

Rolpa municipality

cfhsf] /fzLkmn nIdLwf/f Hof]ltif s]Gb @)&*.)%.)( ut] a'waf/ ltlyM efb s[i0f t[tLof, gIfqM pQ/fefbkbf

Hof]= k+= 8f= e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8] ;b:o– g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb\ df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%! ef/t )(!–(!@%&^^&)&

d]if -r",r] ,rf] ,nf,nL,n",n] ,nf] ,c_M Jofj;flos nufgL a9fpg'knf{ .

t'nf -/f,/L,?,/],/f] ,tf,tL,t",t] _M sfdn] ;dfhdf :yflkt u/fpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 .

j[if -O{,pm,P,cf] ,jf,lj,j",j] ,jf] _M cfocfh{g /fdf] x'g]5 . wgsf] pkof]un] wg sdfpg ;lsg]5 .

j[lZrs -tf] ,gf,gL,g",g] ,gf] ,of,oL,o"_M 1fg / af}l4stf a[l4 x'g]5 . wg' -o] ,of] ,ef,eL,e",w,kmf,9f,e] _M xtf/sf] lg0f{on] pN6f] kl/0ffd lbg ;Sg]5 . ds/ -ef] ,hf,hL,h",h] ,hf],vf,vL,v",v] ,vf] ,uf,uL_M nfef+; a9\gfn] b}lgsLdf ;xh cfpg]5 . s'De -u",u] ,uf] ,;,;L,;',;] ,;f] ,b_M gof“ lhDd]jf/L axg ug]{ ;do /x]sf] 5 . dLg -bL,b",y,em,~f,b] ,bf] ,rf,rL_M klxn]s} sfd bf]xf]¥ofpg' kg]{ l:ylt cfpg ;Sg]5 .

ldy'g -sf,sL,s",3,ª,5,s] ,sf] ,x_M ljz]if e]63f6n] pT;fx hufpg]5 . k'/fgf sfo{sf] rrf{ x'g]5 . ss{6 -xL,x",x] ,xf] ,8f,8L,8",8] ,8f] _M wd{, k/f]ksf/ / ;fdflhs sfo{x?df ?lr Pj+ cu;/tf /xg]5 . l;+x -df,dL,d",d],df],6f,6L,6",6] _M Tolt pknlAwd"ns ;do 5}g . :jf:Yosf] Vofn /fVg'xf];\ . sGof -6f],k,kL,k",if,0f,7,k],kf] _M dgkg]{ pkxf/n] kzGgtf Pj+ k]dsf If]qdf ;'dw'/tf .

CMYK

@)&* ;fn ebf} ( ut] a'wjf/

(Aug 25, 2021)

www.nayayougbodh.com/E-mail: yougbodh@gmail.com

;ftfe]6

bfªnfO{ v]ns"bsf] xj agfpg :yfgLo ;/sf/ nfUg'k5{ ljZj dxfdf/Lsf ?kdf sf] / f] gf ;+qmd0f ePkl5 gful/s hghLjg tx;gx; h:t} ePsf] 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+: s[lts ultljlw ynf k/] sf 5g\ . o:t} ;d:ofdf k/] sf] If] q xf] v] ns"b klg . zflGt lgdf{0f;“u} nodf cfpg yfn] sf] v] ns"b If] q sf] / f] gf dxfdf/L;“u} 7Kk 5 . 6'gf{d] G6 /f] lsPsf 5g\ eg] v] nf8Lx?n] ;d] t lgoldt cEof; ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ljz] ifu/L bfªsf] ;du v] ns"bsf] ljsf; s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf n'lDagL kb] z v] ns"b kl/ifb ;b:o Pj+ k"j{v] nf8L g/] Gb k'g;“u o'uaf] wsdL{ h] =Pg=;fu/n] ug'{ePsf] g/]Gb k'g –;Dkfbs n'lDagL kb]z v]ns"b kl/ifb ;b:o s'/ fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If] k oxf“ k:t't ul/Psf] 5 . bfªdf v] ns"bsf] cj:yf s] 5 < sf] le8n] ubf{ nfdf] ;dob] lv v] ns"bsf ultljlw /f] lsPsf 5g\ . cfp68f] / Og8f] / s'g} klg u] d x'g ;s] sf 5} gg\ . PGkmfn] gscfp6 / lnur/0fsf] u] d ug{sf nflu tflnsf k7fPsf] ns8fpg cl3 g} xf] . t/ u] d ;~rfng ug{ ;lsPsf] 5} g . gscfp6 r/0fsf] v] nsf nflu Snj OG6«Lsf nflu kf] ;] ; rfn] sf 5f} + . c;f] h;Dd gscfp6 r/0fsf] u] d ug{ ;lsG5 ls eGg] 5 t/ sf] le8sf] cj:yfn] u] dsf] lgwf{/ 0f u5{ . km"6jn dfq} xf] Og cGo ;a} /fli6«o dfGotfkfKt v] nsf ultljlw sf] le8s} sf/0f 7Kk 5g\ . v] nd} qL gLlt, k"jf{wf/sf sfd t ug{ ;lsGYof] xf] nf lg < bfªdf bzj6f :yfgLo ;/sf/ 5g\ . tLdWo] t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ :df6{ :kf] 6{;\ l;6Ls} ?kdf ljsf; ug{] sfd eO/x] sf] klg 5 . !( j6} j8fdf s'g} g s'g} u] dsf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f yflnPsf] 5 . b] zsf tLg :yfgLo tx 5gf] 6 x'“bf /fv] kn] bfªsf] t'n;Lk'/ nfO{ 5gf] 6 u/] sf] lyof] . To:t} 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] !^ g+= j8fdf klg g] qnfn cefuL ax'p2] ZoLo /+uzfnfsf] l8kLcf/ eO/x] sf] 5 . hxf“ :jLldª k'n, se8{ xn / @% b] lv #) xhf/ bz{s c6fpg] km"6jn /+uzfnf / ;f] xL lx;fjsf] kfls{ª:yn lgdf{0f x'“b} 5 . v] ns"b ljsf; ;ldlt a] nem'08Ldf klg cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] /+uzfnf lgdf{0f eO/x] sf] 5 . PYn] l6S; 6«ofs, Kof/flkm6nufotsf ;+/ rgf lgdf{0f ePsf 5g . s] xL x'“b} 5g\ . Tof] ;+/ rgf cem} x:tfGt/0f eO;s] sf] 5} g . v] ns"bs} $# lj3feGbf w] / } hldg /fdk'/ df cltqmd0fdf k/] sf] 5 . To;nfO{ s;/L ;b'kof] u ug] { / bfªnfO{ kb] zs} v] ns"bsf] xjsf ?kdf ljsf; ug] { eGg] of] hgf eO/x] sf 5g\ . ndxLdf cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] lqms] 6 d} bfg ag] sf] 5 . To;sf] ;+/ If0f h?/L 5 . Tof] sfd :yfgLo txn] ug'{k5{ . v] ns"bdf nufgL x'“b} ePsf] 5} g eGg] xf] Og t/ ;fgfltgf kltof] lutf rnfP/ v] ns"bsf] ljsf; x'“b} g . bL3{sfnLg of] hgf lgdf{0f ug{ h?/L 5 .

v] ns"bsf Go"gtd k"jf{wf/ 5g\ bfªdf < n'lDagL kb] zsf c? lhNnfeGbf bfªdf v] ns"b ljsf; ;ldlts} hldg klg w] / } 5 / c? ;fj{hlgs hldg klg ePsfn] k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf 5 . sltko k"jf{wf/ tof/ klg 5g\ / s] xL aGb} 5g . cem bfª n'lDagL kb] zs} /fhwfgL ePsfn] o:tf k"jf{wf/ cem} w] / } agfpg h?/L 5 . ;Defjgf klg 5 t/ :yfgLo txn] cu'jfO{ ug'{k5{ . lqms] 6 d} bfg dfq} agfP/ ePg . lqms] 6 Ps] 8] dL klg ;~rfng ug'{k5{ . oL ;a} k"jf{wf/sf nflu ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf x'g'k5{ . ;/sf/n] k"jf{wf/ agfpg] t/ cfdgful/sn] v] nsf] dxTj a'em] sf 5g\ < hlta] nf bfªdf kz:t ;fj{hlgs hldg lyof] , Tolta] nf v] ns"b ultljlw x'Gy] / dfG5] x?n] v] ns"bdf rf;f] klg lbGy] . klxn] sf] t'ngfdf clxn] ;fj{hlgs hldg 5} g . To;} n] ultljlw sd x'G5g\ . dfG5] x?nfO{ v] ns"baf/] hfgsf/L 5 t/ h;/L /fi6«sf nflu v] ns"b, :jf:Yosf nflu v] ns"b eGg] gf/f 5, of] k"/ f ug{sf nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/ gePkl5 cfddfG5] n] rfx] / klg v] ns"bdf hf] l8g] cj:yf 5} g . ;GtfgnfO{ 8fS6/, kfOn6 h:t} v] nf8L agfp“5' eGg] efjgf 5 t gful/sdf < lrGtf, rf;f] a9] sf] 5 . ;GtfgnfO{ v] nf8L agfp“5' eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; lj:tf/} cleefjsdf x'“b} uPsf] 5 . t/ ;d:of s] 5 t eGbf v] ns"bdf eljio agfpgsf nflu t k"jf{wf/ rflxof] lg . Tof] t 5} g . To;} n] dfG5] x?n] rfx] / klg ;Gtfgx?nfO{ v] ns"bdf l6sfpg ;s] sf 5} gg\ . of] la8Dagf xf] . /fHon] v] ns"bdf eljio 5 x} eGg] s'/ fsf] cfwf/ tof/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . clxn] klg :kf] 6{;\ Ps] 8] dLsf] dfu eO/x] sf] 5 . ;d:of s] 5 t k"jf{wf/, v] ns"bd} qL gLlt / jftfj/0f agfpg < klxnf] s'/ f k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f g} xf] . To;sf nflu :yfgLo ;/sf/ lhDd] jf/ aGg'k5{ . csf] { v] nd} qL gLlt lgdf{0fdf hgkltlglwsf] e"ldsf x'g'k¥of] . cfkm"n]

;lsb} g eg] v] ns"b ljsf; ;ldlt, v] ns"b ;+3x?, v] nf8Lx?, klzIfsx? tyf lj1x?sf] ;fy ;Nnfx lnP/ v] nd} qL gLlt lgdf{0f / bL3{sfnLg of] hgf / sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ . o;tkm{ clwsf+z hgkltlglw a] va/ 5g\ . csf] { s'/ f v] ns"b ljsf; ;ldlt, v] ns"b ;+3 ;+u7gx?sf kbflwsf/L klg sfo{qmddf hfg] , cfzg ux0f ug] {, efif0f lbg] sfdd} ;Lldlt ePsf] b] lvG5 of] /fdf] xf] Og . To:t} v] n ;fduLsf] pknJwtf, v] nf8Lsf] pkrf/ oL ofjt s'/ fdf Wofg lbg;s] v] ns"bsf] pNn] Vo ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . v] ns"bdf /fhgLltsf] dfq} ljsf; eof] . s] cfz ug'{ x} < ;d:of 5 . ;d:ofsf aLraf6} ljsf; ug] { xf] . v] ns"b a'em] sf dfG5] x? v] ns'b ljsf; ;ldltx?df Psbd} sd 5g\ . lj1x? kfvf nfUg] v] n ga'em] s} dfG5] g] t[Tj eP/ cfp“bf t ;d:of x'G5 g} t/ ToxLleq klg ePsf Ps b'O{hgf v] ns"b a'em] sfx?n] sfdsf] cu'jfO ug'{k5{ . Pp6} afa'sf ;Gtfg t ;a} Ps} gf; x'“b} gg\ eg] ;ldltdf ;j} Ps} gf; xf] nfg\ eGg] x'“b} g . t/ ;a} nfO{ ;s] ;Dd a'emfP/ sfd ug'{k5{ . dnfO{ s] nfU5 eg] g] t[Tj dfq} xf] Og v] ns"b ljsf; ;ldltdf /xg] sd{rf/Lsf] e"ldsf klg dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . /fhZj sfof{nodf Psfp06 k9] sf sd{rf/L k7fOG5 . cbfntdf sfg'g k9] sf sd{rf/L k7fOG5 t/ v] ns"b o:tf] 7fp“ xf] hxf“ sd{rf/L x'g v] ns"b;DaGwL k9] sf] t k/} 5 . v] ns"b a'em\b} ga'em] sf] eP klg x'G5 . clg v] ns"b s;/L rN5 < tkfO“ s;/L rnfpg' x'G5 t ca < lhDd] jf/L cfOk'Uof] < bfªsf] ;jfndf eGg] xf] eg] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;d} xfdf] Wofg x'G5 . To;kl5 lhNnf v] ns"b ljsf; ;ldltsf] cltqmldt hldgsf] vf] hL / To;sf] ;dfwfg vf] Hg] sfd u5f} {+ . csf] { s'/ f oxf“ v] ns"b Ps] 8] dLsf] cfjZostf 5 . ;'ljwf;DkGg Ps] 8] dLsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu kxn ug] { . lsgeg] bfª kb] z /fhwfgL klg ePsfn] oxf“ x'g] ljsf;n] kb] znfO{ g} lrgfp“5 . To;} n] :yfgLo ;/sf/;“u ;dGjo u/] / sfd ug] { of] hgf 5 / n'lDagL kb] zsf] ;jfndf !@ j6} lhNnfx?n] o;} u/L sfd ug{ ;s] eg] n'lDagL kb] znfO{ g} v] ns"bsf] xa agfpg ;lsG5 .

s'ndfglj?4sf] l/6df cGtl/d cfb]z lbg c:jLsf/ ca}w ;fduL cfoft lgoGq0f ug{ dfu

hUuf laqmL÷ef8fdf l9sk'/ j8f g+ ( t] 3/fsf] & la3f @ s6\7f % w'/ v] tL of] Uo hUuf lalqmdf cyjf s[lif kof] hgsf nflu ef8fdf pknAw 5 . la:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu hUuf wgLsf] kmf] g g+= (*!*(^*&!! df ;Dks{ ug'{xf] nf .

egf{ v'Nof] † egf{ v'Nof] †† egf{ v'Nof] †††

sf7df8f} +, * ebf} -o';_– kltlglw;ef, lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;ldltn] :jf:Yo dfkb08 / ef} lts b"/ L sfod u/L oyfzL3 …xf] d ;] G6/Ú df sIff !@ sf] k/LIff ;~rfng ug{ lgb{] z u/] sf] 5 . ;ldltsf] d+unaf/ a;] sf] a} 7sn] k/LIff /f] lsbf afnaflnsfdf dfgl;s c;/ k/] sfn] vf] ksf] Joj:yfkg ub{} k/LIff u/fpg lzIff, lj1fg tyf kljlw dGqfnonfO{ lgb{] z u/] sf] 5 . ;ldltn] sf] le8sf sf/0f sn] hdf c? lqmofsnfk gePsfn] Ol~hlgol/ª sn] hn] k9fO z'Nsafx] s c? z'Ns glng] Joj:yf ldnfpg klg ;/sf/nfO{ lgb{] z u/] sf] 5 . c? txsf k/LIff ;~rfng eO/x] sf] cj:yfdf !@ sIffsf] dfq} k6s–k6s :ylut ePsf] eGb} ;ldltn] ;/f] sf/ /fVg] lgsfosf kltlglwnfO{ af] nfP/ 5nkmn ub{} cfPsf] lyof] . /fli6«o k/LIff af] 8{n] …xf] d ;] G6/Ú df g} k/LIff u/fpg] tof/L u/] klg ;L;LPd;Lsf] lg0f{osf sf/0f :ylut ePsf] lyof] .

bn btf{sf nflu cfh ;gfvt

sf7df8f} +, * ebf} -o';_– lgjf{rg cfof] un] bn btf{sf nflu lgj] bg lbPsf g] skf -PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL_ / nf] stflGqs ;dfhjfbL kf6L{nfO{ ;gfvtsf nflu a'waf/ af] nfPsf] 5 . cfof] un] b'a} bnnfO{ ;gfvtsf nflu c9fO{ 306f ;do lgwf{/ 0f u/] sf] 5 . laxfg !!M#) b] lv lbp“;f] @M)) ah] ;Dd cfof] udf uP/ g] tfx?n] ;gfvt ug'{kg] {5 . cfof] un] tf] s] sf] lgwf{l/t ;doleq ;gfvt ug'{kg] { cfof] usf kjQmf /fhs'df/ >] i7n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . dfwjs'df/ g] kfn g] t[Tjsf] k:tfljt g] skf -PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL_ / dxGy 7fs'/ g] t[Tjsf] nf] stflGqs ;dfhjfbL kf6L{n] gof“ bn btf{sf nflu cfof] udf lgj] bg lbPsf lyP . ;/sf/n] bn ljefhgsf nflu ;xh x'g] u/L cWofb] z NofPkl5 b'a} bnnfO{ gof“ kf6L{ u7gsf nflu af6f] v'n] sf] xf] .

df};ddf ;'wf/ x'g ;do nfUg] sf7df8f} +, * ebf} -o';_– dg;'gL jfo'sf sf/0f df} ;ddf ;'wf/ x'g cem} s] xL lbg nfUg] ePsf] 5 . a+ufnsf] vf8Laf6 cfPsf] hnjfiko'Qm xfjfsf sf/0f dg;'gL ultljlw cem} ;lqmo /x] sf] xf] . …clxn] sf] cj:yfnfO{ x] bf{ df} ;ddf ;'wf/ x'g] b] lvPsf] 5} gÚ– jl/i7 df} ;dljb\ j?0f kf} 8] nn] eGg'eof] – …a'waf/b] lv dg;'g yk ;lqmo x'g] ;Defjgf 5 .Ú hn tyf df} ;d lj1fg ljefusf cg';f/ z'qmaf/;Dd b] zsf w] / } h;f] :yfgdf abnL /xg'sf ;fy} xNsfb] lv dWodvfnsf] jiff{ x'g] / s] xL :yfgdf eg] ef/L jiff{sf] ;Defjgf /x] sf] ] 5 . To; cjlwdf lbp“;f] eGbf /flt / laxfg kfgL w] / } kg{] atfOPsf] 5 .

lqsf]0f Tds l;l/h v]Ng g]kfnL 6f]nL cf]dfg k:yfg

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf sf7df8f} +, * ebf} . cf] dfg / cd] l/sfl;tsf] ljZjsk lnu–@ cGtu{tsf] lqsf] 0ffTds lqms] 6 l;l/h v] Ng g] kfnL 6f] nL cf] dfg k:yfg u/] sf] 5 . ;q v] nf8L;lxt @@ ;b:oLo 6f] nL ;nfd Po/af6 cf] dfg k:yfg u/] sf] xf] . g] kfnL 6f] nLnfO{ /fli6«o v] ns"b kl/ifb\ -/fv] k_ sf ;b:o;lrj /d] zs'df/ l;njfn, g] kfn lqms] 6 ;+3 -Sofg_ sf cWoIf rt'/ axfb'/ rGb, Sofgsf sf] iffWoIf /f] zgs'df/ l;+xnufotn] labfO ug'{ePsf] lyof] . 1fg] Gb dNnsf] sKtfgLdf u'nzg emf, bLk] Gbl;+x P] / L, s'zn e't] {n, cfl;km z] v, cfl/km z] v, s'zn dNn, ljgf] b e08f/L, s/0f s] ;L, ;f] dkfn sfdL, ;GbLk nfld5fg] , kjg ;/f{km, cljgfz af] x/f, /f] lxts'df/ kf} 8] n, ;'zg ef/L, z/b e] ifjfs/ / ljqmd ;f] j l;l/h v] Ng cf] dfg uPsf x'g\ . 6f] nLdf d'Vo klzIfs 8] e jf6df] / , Joj:yfks df] xDdb

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf

sf7df8f} +, * ebf} . cgf} krfl/s If] q ;] jf s] Gb -OG;] s_ n] ut ;fpgdf !$@ dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3g tyf Hofbltsf 36gf ePsf hgfPsf] 5 . OG;] sn] ;f] daf/ ;fj{hlgs u/] sf] dfl;s ljZn] if0f kltj] bgcg'';f/ !)* dlxnf / #$ k'?ifdfly dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gf ePsf x'g\ . OG;] sn] u/] sf] cWoogcg';f/ /fHokIfaf6 rf/ / cGo kIfaf6 !#* kLl8t ePsf hgfPsf] 5 . To;dWo] kb] z

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf sf7df8f} +, * ebf} . dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf] kltlglwd08nn] sfg'g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnfdGqL 1fg] Gbaxfb'/ sfsL{;“u e] 6 u/L ;+qmd0fsfnLg Gofo, dfgjclwsf/, zflGt Pj+ ;d;fdlos ljifodf Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 . dGqfnodf d+unaf/ ePsf] 5nkmndf ;+qmd0fsfnLg

sf]/f]gfaf6 d o;/L hf]luG5' F df:s gnufO{ s;};“u e]63f6 / s'/f ulb{g . ug}{ k/] ef}lts b"/L sfod u/L jf ;~rf/sf ;fwg kof]u u5'{ .

g]zgn OlGhlgol/ª sn]h

g]kfn ;/sf/

Website: nationalengineeringcollege.com Email:collegenationalengineering@gmail.com

kmf]g M )*!–%#%&#^, (*%*)@)$%^, (*$*@%!&##, (*$$*@)((%

em\ofnsf] nflu Knfli6ssf] dR5/ hfnL

lht / b'O{Pdf xf/ Joxf] b} { !^ c+s;lxt zLif{: yfgdf 5 . cd] l/sf !@ v] ndf 5 df lht / 5 df xf/;lxt !@ c+s hf] 8\b} bf] ;f] :yfgdf 5 . :s6Nof08 cf7 v] ndf rf/df lht / tLgdf xf/sf ;fy gf} c+s hf] 8\b} t] ;f] :yfgdf 5 . :s6Nof08n] v] n] sf] Pp6f v] n jiff{sf] sf/0f /2 ePsf] lyof] . gfldlaof ;ft v] ndf rf/df lht / tLgdf xf/ Joxf] b} { cf7 c+s;lxt rf} yf] :yfgdf 5 . o;} u/L o'PO{ ;ft v] ndf tLgdf lht / tLgdf xf/sf ;fy ;ft c+s hf] 8\b} kf“rf} + :yfgdf 5 . o'PO{n] v] n] sf] Pp6f v] n /2 ePsf] lyof] . kk'jf Go"lugL xfn;Dd v] n] sf cf7j6} v] ndf k/flht ePsf] 5 . kk'jf Go"lugL c+sljxLg aGb} lnu–@ sf] k'5f/df 5 . lnu–@ cGtu{t ;g\ @)@# ;Dd kTo] s 6f] nLn] #^ Pslbj;Lo v] n v] Ng] 5g\ . lnu–@ sf zLif{ tLg 6f] nL ;g\ @)@# df ef/tdf cfof] hgf x'g] Pslbj;Lo ljZjsksf nflu Unf] an 5gf] 6df :yfg agfpg] 5g\ eg] k'5f/df /xg] rf/ 6f] nLn] Kn] ckm v] Ng] 5g\ .

g+= ! df @%, kb] z g+= @ df $(, n'lDagL kb] zdf !(, u08sL kb] zdf !&, s0ff{nL kb] zdf !%, afudtL kb] z / ;'b"/ klZrd kb] zdf 5÷5hgf kLl8t ePsf 5g\ . ;fpgdf kTgL xTofsf gf} , kl/jf/hgaf6 xTofsf rf/, anfTsf/kl5 xTofsf] Ps, lx/f;tdf d[To'sf b'O{, Ps dfgjclwsf/ /Ifs;lxt gf} hgfnfO{ s'6lk6 ul/Psf] , hftLo lje] bsf 36gf tLg, k'?ifnfO{ ul/Psf] of} g b'Jo{jxf/sf] 36gfdf Ps / !% 3fOt] ePsf] kltj] bgdf pNn] v 5 . tLdWo] afnclwsf/

pNn+3gsf 36gf %! ePsf] kljt] bgdf 5 . clen] lvt 36gfdWo] anfTsf/ #(, of} g b'Jo{jxf/ !), a] rlavg Ps / a] rlavg kof;sf] 36gf Ps ePsf] OG;] sn] hgfPsf] 5 . o:t} dlxnf clwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gf #( ePsf] cWoogn] b] vfPsf] 5. anfTsf/sf 36gf @), anfTsf/ kof; kf“r, of} g b'Jo{jxf/ tLg, hah{: tL of} g sfo{df nufOPsf] Ps, Pl;8 kxf/ Ps, …af] S;LÚ cf/f] k Ps / 3/] n' lx+;f tLg ePsf] OG;] ssf] pQm kltj] bgdf pNn] v 5 .

;+qmd0fsfnLg GofonfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg Wofgfsif{0f

F leh]sf] jf cf]; nfu]sf] df:s kof]u ulb{g .

g]kfnu~h–!) lztngu/, afFs] -g]kfnu~h cfFvf c:ktfn ;'v]{t/f]8sf] k"j{tkm{_

bfpb cG;f/L, 6] lSgsn Pgfln:6 /dg lzjfsf] 6L, lkmlhof] ljqmd Gof} kfg] / 6«] g/ /fs] z sflzefO uf] lxt /xg'ePsf] 5 . cf] dfg l;l/h ebf} @* b] lv c;f] h $ ut] ;Dd ;~rfng x'g] 5 . lqsf] 0ffTds l;l/hdf g] kfnn] cf] dfg / cd] l/sf;“u b'O{÷b'O{ v] n v] Ng] 5 . cfOl;;L ljZjsk lqms] 6 lnu–@ cGtu{t cf] dfg / cd] l/sfl;tsf] lqsf] 0ffTds Pslbj;Lo l;l/hcl3 g] kfnn] oxL ebf} @) / @# ut] cf] dfgdf kk'jf Go"lugLl;t b'O{ Pslbj;Lo v] n v] Ng] to ePsf] Sofgsf cWoIf rGbn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ljZjsk lnu–@ df g] kfn /x] sf] ;d"xdf kk'jf Go"lugL, cf] dfg, cd] l/sf, :s6Nof08, gfldlaof / o'gfO6] 8 c/a Old/] 6;\ -o'PO{_ /x] sf 5g\ . lnu–@ cGtu{t g] kfnn] xfn;Dd cf] dfg / cd] l/sf;“u rf/ v] n v] ln;s] sf] 5 . g] kfnn] rf/ v] ndWo] b'O{df lht tyf b'O{df xf/ Joxf] b} { rf/ c+s hf] 8] sf] 5 . g] kfn cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] c+s tflnsfsf] 5} 7f+} :yfgdf 5 . o:t} cf] dfg !) v] ndWo] cf7df

;fpgdf !$@ dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gf

kfljlws lzIff If] qdf ljlzi6 klxrfg lbg ;kmn, cg'ejL / bIf klzIfsx?åf/f u'0f:t/Lo lzIff kbfg ub}{ cfPsf] ;fy} CTEVT åf/f lnOg] k/LIffx?df o; If] qd} pTs[i6 glthf Nofpg ;kmn o; g] zgn OlGhlgol/ª sn] h -NEC_ df z}=;= @)&*÷)&( sf] nflu # jif] { l8Knf] df Og l;len OlGhlgol/ª -l;len cf] e/l;o/_ sfo{qmd !# cf}+ Aofrdf / !* dlxg] lk– l8Knf] df l;len -;j–cf] e/l;o/_ df gofF egf{ v'n] sf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . z}lIfs of]Uotf M l;len cf]e/l;o/tkm{ SEE Result df  ul0ft, lj1fgdf C / c+u]hL ljifodf D+ u]8 kfKt x'g'kg]{ .  kmf/fd ljt/0f ldlt M @)&*.)$.#! ut]b]lv  kmf/fd eg]{ clGtd ldlt M @)&*.)%.!* ut];Dd lk–l8Knf]dftkm{ -;fljssf] kfljlws P;=Pn=;L=_ TSLC sfo{qmddf  h'g;'s} u]8df SEE k/LIffdf pQL0f{ zlgjf/ klg  kmf/fd ljt/0f ldlt @)&*.)%.)@ ut]b]lv sfof{ no v'nf  kmf/fd eg]{ clGtd ldlt M @)&*.)%.@# ut];Dd /xg] 5. ;Dks{M

ks {M

sf7df8f} +, * ebf} . g] kfn ljB't kflws/0fsf sfo{sf/L lgb] {zsdf s'ndfg l3l;ªnfO{ lgo'Qm u/] sf] df c;Gt'i6 k"j{sfo{sf/L lgb] {zs lxt] Gbb] j zfSon] ;jf] {Rr cbfntdf bfo/ u/] sf] l/6df ;'g'jfO ub} { kwfgGofofwLz rf] n] Gb zdz] / ha/fsf] Psn Ohnf;n] cGtl/d cfb] z lbg c:jLsf/ u/] sf] 5 . zfSon] cfkm"nfO{ sfo{sf/L lgb] {zssf ?kdf g} sfd ug{ lbg dfu ub} { ;fpg #@ ut] ;jf] {Rrdf l/6 bfo/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . kwfgGofofwLzn] pxf‘“nfO{ k'gj{xfnL ug{ cGtl/d cfb] z lbg c:jLsf/ ub} { l3l;ªnfO{ sfo{sf/L lgb] {zs lgo'Qm ug] { dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o, kflws/0fsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a} 7ssf] lg0f{o / zfSo / kflws/0faLrdf ePsf] ;Demf} tfsf] ;Ssn

kmfOn tLg lbgleq lemsfpg cfb] z lbPsf] 5 . lxt] Gbn] cfkm" labfdf a;] sf] a] nf sfo{sf/L lgb] {zsdf s'ndfg l3l;ªnfO{ ;+ljwfg / sfg'g ljk/Lt lgo'Qm u/] sfn] To;;DaGwL ;a} sfd ab/sf] dfu ub} { l/6 lgj] bg btf{ u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . cfkm"n] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf klg glbPsf] / j} wflgs¿kdf cfkm"nfO{ pQm kbaf6 d'Qm gu/] sf] t/ l3l;ªnfO{ lgo'Qm ul/Psf] eGb} zfSo ;jf] {Rr k'Ug' ePsf] xf] .

;fduLn] a} w?kdf Joj;fo ug] {x?nfO{ ;d:ofdf kfg] { Joj;foLx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . 1fkgkq a'em\b} kd'v lhNnf clwsf/L s'?Djfªn] ca} w?kdf cfpg] ;fduL lgoGq0f ug{ cfkm"n] kxn ug] { atfpg'eof] . s'?Djfªn] eG;f/ 5n] / cfpg] ca} w ;fduL lgoGq0f ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfonfO lgb] {zg ;d] t lbg'ePsf] lyof] . 1fkgkq a'emfpg ;+3sf cWoIf 6+sl;+x a'9fyf] sLsf] g] t[Tjdf jfl0fHo pkfWoIf /fdk;fb kf] v] n, ;b:ox? dfwj vgfn, ljsf; cf] nLsf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf

3f] / fxL, * ebf} -o';_– bfª lhNnf pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3n] lhNnfdf ca} w?kdf lelqg] ;fduL lgoGq0f ug{ dfu ub} { lhNnf kzf;g sfof{no bfªdf 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] 5 . ;+3n] eG;f/ 5n] / Nofpg] ;fduLx? lgoGq0f ug{ dfu ub} kd'v lhNnf clwsf/L /fdaxfb'/ s'?DjfªnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] xf] . eG;f/ 5n] / ;fduL Nofp“bf /fHonfO{ g} 3f6f x'g] ePsfn] o; ksf/sf] sfo{ /f] Sg dfu ul/Psf] ;+3sf cWoIf 6+sl;+x a'9fyf] sLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;fy} ca} w?kdf cfpg]

sIff !@ sf] k/LIff rfF8f] ;~rfng ug{ lgb{]zg

ljljw

F s'g} j:t' 5f]Pkl5 ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'G5' jf :oflg6fOh/ kof]u u5'{ .

F Pp6} df:s nfdf] ;do;Dd nufp“lbg .

GofonfO{ tfls{s lgisif{df k'¥ofpg, o; ;DaGwdf ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] u/] sf] km} ;nf, cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ Pj+ dfgjLo sfg'gsf] dd{cg'?k …a] kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf] 5fglag / ;To lg?k0f tyf d] nldnfk cfof] u P] gÚ nfO{ zL3 ;+zf] wg ug{ zflGt ;dfhn] cfux u/] sf] dxf;lrj /fds[i0f a/fnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . /f] d ljwfg cg'df] bg ug{ cfux o;} u/L g] kfn /fHo kIf

ePsf dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw cg'?k sfg'g lgdf{0f tyf kl/dfh{g tbf?stfsf ;fy ug{ ;dfhn] hf] 8 lbb} cGt/f{li6«o kmf} hbf/L cbfntsf] /f] d ljwfgnfO{ cg'df] bg ug{ cfux u/] sf] 5 . kltlglwd08ndf ;dfhsf ;efklt uf] ljGb vgfn, ;Nnfxsf/ xf] dsfGt rf} nfufO+{, dxf;lrj a/fn, s] GbLo ;b:o s[i0fgf/fo0f >] i7nufot ;+nUg x'g'x'GYof] .

/fKtL Ol~hlgol/ª sn]h 3f]/fxL, bfªsf] egf{;DaGwL ;"rgf Û @)^% ;fnb] lv u'0ffTds kfljlws lzIff kbfg ub} { cfO/x] sf] /fKtL Ol~hlgol/ª sn] h 3f] / fxL, bfªdf z} lIfs ;q @)&*÷)&( sf] nflu lgDg sfo{qmddf egf{ v'n] sf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5f} + . k9\g OR5's ljBfyL{x?n] ;Dks{ ug'{xf] nf . sfo{qmdM F l8Knf]df Og sDKo"6/ Ol~hlgol/ª -# jif]{_ F lk–l8Knf]df Og ;e]{ -cldg_ Ol~hlgol/ª -!* dlxg]_ F lk–l8Knf]df Og On]lS6«sn Ol~hlgol/ª -!* dlxg]_ F lk–l8Knf]df Og l;len Ol~hlgol/ª -!* dlxg]_

kmf/fd a'emfpg] clGtd ldltM

l8Knf]dftkm{ M @)&* ebf} !* ut];Dd lk–l8Knf]dftkm{ M @)&* ebf} @# ut];Dd ;Dks{M

lj1fkg af]8{ kf]= xl/k;fb kf]v]n

uf} d'vL xf]d 8]sf]/

3f]/fxL, bfª -xf]08f zf]?dsf] cufl8_ df]= (*$$(&#!*@, (*)(%(&!(*

/fKtL Ol~hlgol/ª sn]h ;fgLcDafk'/ ;/f{, bfª df]=g+=M (*%&*#!^*$, (*%&*#%((), (*%&*#)@&), (*%&*#&@%%

o;sf ljz]iftfx?M v ! jif{sf] jif{sf] jf/]G6L ePsf], cfsif{0f Pj+ jiff} {+ vkt x'g] v km]d kNnf grflxg] x'Fbf *)Ü ;Dd k} ;fsf] art v lkml6ª ug{ ;lhnf] v lvof tyf wld/f gnfUg] v ;lhn} dd{t ug{ ;lsg] v xfjf tyf 3fd g5]Sg] .

gofF o'uaf]w ksfzg kf=ln= åf/f ksflzt, ;+:yfks Pj+ ;Nnfxsf/ M gf/fo0fk;fb zdf{, cWoIf tyf kaGw lgb]{zs M ktfk /]UdL, ;Dkfbs M nIdL cfrfo{, ;x–;Dkfbs M g/]Gb s];L ;dfrf/ ;Dkfbs M h]=Pg= ;fu/ d'bs M kltef ckm;]6 k];, sfof{noM 3f]/ fxL bfª, n'lDagL kb]z, g]kfn kmf]g M )*@–%^))*$, %^!#)#, )*@–%^)($*, zfvf sfof{nox?M t'n;Lk'/ – %@)($*, ndxL– (*%&*$)@$!, E-mail : yougbodh@gmail.com CMYK