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(Naya Yugbodh National Daily Dec 22, 2021)

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8fS6/åf/f lbOg] ;]jfx?M != 5ftL b'Vg' -b]a] s'dsf] ;fO8tkm{ b'vfO{ x'g'_ lx8\bf rNbf b'vfO a9\g], cf/fd ubf{ a:bf b'vfO sd x'G5 eg] d'6' jf k];/sf] b'vfO x'g ;S5 . @= d'6'sf] w8\sg a9\g' . #= ysfg dx;'z x'g' -;fdfGo lx+88'n ubf{ ;d]t :jfF–:jfF x'g' ._ $= a]xf]; x'g' . %= v'§f ;'lGgg' . ^= cg'xf/ ;'lGgg' . &= lk;fa sd x'g' . *= l/+uf6f nfUg' . (= lr;f] kl;gf cfpg' . !)= pN6L -af]ld6_ xf]nf h:tf] e}/xg' . !!= z/L/sf c+ux?df c;lhnf] dx;'; x'g' . !@= z/L/sf hf]gL{x? b'Vg', ufF7fu'7L cfpg', kfgL ;ª\lng'nufotsf ;d:ofx?sf] lgbfgsf nflu Ecg d]l;gaf6 r]shfFr -Eco eg]sf] d'6'sf] lel8of] PS;/]_ af6 /f]usf] lgbfg tyf pkrf/ ul/G5 . ;fy} Kofyf]nf]hL ;]jf Pj+ kmfd]{;L ;]jf klg pknAw 5 . r]s u/fpg cfpFbf la/fdL vfnL k]6 kNnjL :jf:Yo lSnlgs t'n;Lk'/rf]s Go"/f]8 3f]/fxL, bfª kmf]gM )*@–%^!^*#, (*$&(@%&)) cfpg'xf]nf .

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(Dec. 22, 2021)

www.nayayougbodh.com

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kltudgsf] vt/f / u7aGwgsf] lg/Gt/tf lje]b cGTosf nflu /fHosf] kefjsf/L e"ldsf cfjZos xfdL PSsfO;f} + ztfAbLdf 5f} + . lj1fg tyf kljlwsf] ljsf; csNkgLo?kdf eO/x] sf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf ePsf] ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ kljlwsf] ljsf;kl5 ljZj c3f] lift ;fOa/ jf/sf] cj:yfdf k'u] sf] lyof] .

To;nfO{ klg dfy ub} { cGtl/If sAhf ug] { …:k] ; jf/Úsf] cj:yf b] lvg k'u] sf] 5 . vf;u/L zlQm /fi6«x?n] clxn] d+unuxdf cg';Gwfg s] lGbt u/] sf 5g\ eg] lj1fg kljlws} pTs[i6 cfljisf/sf] ?kdf /f] af] 6df cfwfl/t cfl6{lkml;on OG6] lnh] G;sf] cjwf/0ff klg z'? eO;s] sf] 5 . /f] af] 6af6 h} ljs klqmof;d] t ;'rf? ug] { cgf} 7f] cfljisf/sf] tof/Ldf j} 1flgsx? h'6] sf 5g\ . ef} lts lj1fgsf] of] 5nfªdo kultn] ljZj gofF 7fpFdf k'u] sf] 5 t/ ;dfh ljsf;sf] sf] 0faf6 eg] ljZj ;d'bfo lgs} k5fl8 5 . To;df ;a} eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of xfd} g] kfndf b] vfkl//x] sf 5g\ . vf;u/L g] kfndf dfG5] n] dfG5] dfly ug] { cTofrf/ /f] lsg ;s] sf] 5} g . g] kfndf hflt / ln+usf cfwf/df x'g] lje] b x6] sf] 5} g, a? cem a] nf–a] nfdf o:tf 36gf qm"/ ?kdf ks6 x'g] u/] sf 5g\ . To;s} kl5Nnf] >[+vnfsf] ?kdf x'Dnfdf qm"/ 36gf ePsf] 5 . slyt pkNnf] hftsL o'jtL ljjfx u/] sf x'Dnf ;s] {uf8 ufpFkflnsf–! h} / ufpFsf o'js rGb sfdLnfO{ s] 6L kIfn] ckx/0f u/L Ps ;ftfb] lv ufoa kf/] sf] 5 . ut d+l;/ @( ut] /flt sl/a @) hgfsf] ;d"x 3/d} cfP/ lg3f{t s'6lk6 ub} { nluPsf rGbsf] cj:yf clxn] ;Dd kQf nfUg ;s] sf] 5} g . rGbn] % d+l;/df d'u'sf] ;f] ? ufpFkflnsf– $ lnK? ufpFsL ;'GtnL dNn;Fu efuLljjfx u/] sf lyP . :yfgLox¿sf cg';f/ z'?b] lv g} ;'GtnLsf] dfOtL kIfaf6 wDsL cfPkl5 c;'/ Iffsf sf/0f pgLx¿ ;s] {uf8– @ sf] l/k ufpFdf a:b} cfPsf lyP . t/ kl5 3/d} cfP/ a:g yfn] sf] yfxf kfPkl5 s] 6L kIfn] rGbnfO{ ckx/0f u/] / a] kQf agfPsf] 5 . g] kfnL ;dfhdf slyt pkNnf] hfltsf JolQmx?n] cem} cGt/hftLo ljjfx :jLsf/ ug{ ;ls/x] sf 5} gg\ . ut jif{ ?s'dklZrddf Ps 7fpFdf 5hgfsf] Hofg hfg] u/L qm"/ 36gf ePsf] lyof] . ;f] 36gfsf] ks[lt h] h:tf] eP klg d"n sf/0f cGt/hftLo ljjfx :jLsf/ ug{ g;Sg'sf] kl/0ffd g} lyof] . klxn] sf] t'ngfdf hftLo lje] b s] xL sd ePsf] ;fFrf] xf] t/ lje] bsf 36gf /f] ls;s] sf 5} gg\ . o:tf qm"/ 36gf aflx/ cfpg] eP klg lje] bsf s} of} + 36gfx? ;fj{hlgs x'Fb} gg\ . lje] bsf 36gf kfOnf–kfOnfdf eO/x] sf x'G5g\ . ljZj ;d'bfo cGtl/If sAhf ug] { klt:kwf{df bf} l8/x] sf] a] nf xfdf] b] zdf eg] dfG5] n] dfG5] dfly ug] { cTofrf/ g/f] lsg' la8Dagf dfq} xf] Og, of] cfw'lgs o'udflys} Jo+Uo xf] . g] kfndf 7"nf–7"nf /fhgLlts kl/jt{g eP klg hgtfsf] ;f] r / r] tgfdf kl/jt{g Nofpg] pNn] Vo sfo{qmd Nofpg g;Sbf cfhsf] k': tfn] klg dWoo'uLg aa{/ tf ef] Ug'kl//x] sf] 5 . ljjfx d"ntM s] 6f / s] 6Lsf] ;xdltdf ul/g] ;fdflhs klqmof xf] . s] 6fs] 6Ln] cfkm\gf] hLjgdf km} ;nf u/] kl5 To;df x:tIf] k ug'{ ;dfhsf] k5f} 6] kgsf] pkh dfq} xf] . kl5Nnf] ;dodf gofF k': tf lje] baf6 dfly p7\g vf] lh/x] sf] 5 t/ k'/ ftg ;f] r / ;+: sf/ af] s] sf] ;dfhn] o;nfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ ;ls/x] sf] 5} g . of] cfh 7"nf] cGt/la/f] wsf] ?kdf b] vfkl//x] sf] 5 . o;df /fHon] x:tIf] kk"0f{ cleefjsLo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kg] { xf] , Tof] sfd x'g ;ls/x] sf] 5} g . cGt/hftLo ljjfx ug] { hf] 8Lsf] ;+/ If0fsf nflu ;/sf/n] ljZj;gLo sfo{qmd agfpg;Sg'k5{ . To;f] gubf{;Dd ?s'dklZrd / x'Dnfsf h:tf 36gf bf] xf] l//xg] vt/f 5 . olb cfkm\gf] 3/kl/jf/sf cleefjsn] ;fFrf] cleefjsLo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sb} gg\ eg] /fHon] cleefjsLo e"ldsf lgjf{x u/] / hftLo lje] b v8f ug] {x?dfly s8f sf/jfxL ug] { / kLl8tnfO{ ;+/ If0f ug] { bL3{sfnLg sfo{qmd agfpg'k5{ . o;sf ;fy} :yfgLo txx?n] x/] s j8f tx;Dd hftLo lje] blj?4sf ;r] tgf cleofg / cGt/hftLo ljjfxnfO{ kf] T;fxg ug] { sfo{qmd agfP/ nfu' ug'{k5{ . cGoyf ljZj ;d'bfo ;fOa/, :k] ; / PcfOsf] klt:kwf{df bf} l8/x] klg g] kfnL ;dfh dWoo'uLg aa{/ tfd} s} b x'g] lglZrt 5 . o:tf ;a} vfn] lje] bsf lj?4 af] nf} +, ;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu x/] s ;r] t gful/sn] cf–cfkm\gf] If] qaf6 kxn yfnf}+ .

s;n] s] eg] < g] kfn ;/sf/ / Pd;L;L kl/of] hgfsf] aLrdf w] / } jif{ cufl8 g} ;Demf} tf ePsf] xf] . Tof] ;Demf} tfnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg' ;/sf/sf] bfloTj xf] .

– afns[i0f vf“0f -u[xdGqL_ lj=;+= @)$^ ;fnkl5 -Tof] eGbf cufl8 klg hfg ;lsG5_ pRr kbdf a;] sf /fhgLltsdL{ / sd{rf/L tyf ;+j} wflgs c+usf kd'v nufotsf] ;DklQ 5fgaLg u/f} + .

– /fh] Gb lnª\b] g -/fli6«o khftGq kf6L{ -/fkkf_ sf cWoIf_ clnslt a'em] sf] / hfg] sf] dfG5] n] t slt lje] b ef] u] sL 5' eg] b'u{dsf lbbLalxgLsf] cj:yf s:tf] xf] nf < tfnL ahfpg] / 6] a'n 76fpg] u/] / } of] sfo{sfn ;lsof] .

– ;+uLtf c5fdL -g] skf Pdfn] nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !$ sf blnt dlxnf ;b:o_ hLjg /2 x'g'eGbf Pp6f sfo{qmd /2 ug{' /fdf] xf] . cf] ldqmf] g, 8] N6f e] l/oG6eGbf lgs} tLj ultdf km} ln/x] sf] tYo kfKt ePsf] 5 .

– 8f= 6] 8«f] ; P8\xfgf] d u] xa] -ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf kd'v_

b'O{ 7"nf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?aLrsf] Pstf / g] skfsf] ;/sf/ u7g dxTjk"0f{ /fhgLlts 36gfx? lyP . o;af6 sfo{stf{x?sf] k+lQm t pT;flxt t aGof] g} hgtfdf klg cfzf / pT;fxsf] ;~rf/ eof] . g] skf -Pdfn] _ / dfcf] jfbL -s] Gb_ sf aLrdf Pstf ePsf] ;do /fhgLlts b[li6n] dxTjk"0f{ lyof] . pknlAwx?nfO{ hf] ufp“b} kl/jt{gsf] dd{cg';f/ cl3 a9\g oL b'O{ kf6L{x?sf aLrdf Pstf cfjZos lyof] . cGttM Pstf eof] / g] skf aGof] . o;af6 kltlglw;efdf p;sf] pkl:ylt em08} b'O{ ltxfO x'g k'Uof] . 5j6f kb] zx?df p;sf] ax'dt /x\of] . s] Gb / kb] zdf p;sf ;/sf/x? ag] . :yfgLo txdf p;sf] cTolws pkl:ylt /x\of] . ;+;bLo /fhgLltdf sDo'lgi6x?sf] of] pkl:ylt ;fdfGo lyPg . /fli6«o /fhgLltdf dfq xf] Og cGt/f{li6«o /fhgLlts If] qdf klg o;nfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s lgoflnof] . vf;u/L cGt/f{li6«o pbf/jfbL zlQmx?sf lglDt of] 5Ss kg] { ljifo lyof] . sDo'lgi6 ;/sf/af6 hgtfn] a9L ck] Iff u/] sf lyP . o:tf] ck] Iff :jfefljs klg lyof] . )$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf] ng / kl/jt{gkl5 ag] sf ;/sf/x? hgtfsf ck] Iff k"/ f ug{ c;kmn ePsf lyP . /fhgLltdf a9] sf] lj;+ult / ljs[ltsf sf/0f lg/fzf a9] sf] lyof] . hgtfdf a9] sf] lg/fzf, d"No lj36g / cfGtl/s åGåsf] lzsf/ ePsf /fhgLlts bnx?, a9\bf] ei6frf/, åGåaf6 lgld{t kl/l:ylt / z+zosf aLraf6 /fhf 1fg] Gbn] cfkm\gf] xftdf ;Qf lnPsf lyP . ;+;bLo /fhgLlts zlQm / dfcf] jfbLaLrsf] ;dembf/L Pj+ ;xsfo{af6 kltudgnfO{ k/flht ub} { ;+3Lo nf] stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ;Dej ePsf] lyof] . of] dxTjk"0f{ P] ltxfl;s kl/jt{g lyof] . jfdkGyL / pbf/jfbL zlQmx?aLrsf] ;Demf} tfsf] kl/0ffdsf ?kdf /x] klg klxnf] k6s ;+ljwfg;efaf6 lgld{t ;+ljwfg ljutsf nf] stflGqs ;+ljwfgx?sf] t'ngfdf ljlzi6 /x] sf] 5 . u0ftGq, ;+3Lotf, wd{lg/k] Iftf, ;dfj] lztf cflb ;+ljwfgsf dxTjk"0f{ ljz] iftfsf ?kdf /x] sf 5g\ . ;fdflhs Gofodf cfwfl/t, ;Dk"0f{ lje] b / pTkL8gsf] cGTo ePsf] ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug] { ;+sNk ;+ljwfgdf ul/Psf] 5 . t/ ;+ljwfg cfkm} sfof{Gjog x'Gg, ug'{k5{ . ;+ljwfgsf kfjwfgx? d'n's / hgtfklt klta4, ;': ki6 b[li6sf] 0f / d"No cfwfl/t kf6L{sf] ;/sf/af6 dfq sfof{Gjog x'G5g\ / hgtfn] Jojxf/d} kl/jt{gsf] cg'e"lt u5{g\ . g] skfsf] ;/sf/af6 ;+ljwfgsf dd{x?sf] sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 / d'n's cfly{s, /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs–;f+: s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] lbzftkm{ cl3 a9\g] 5 eGg] ck] Iff hgtfsf] lyof] . 7"nf] alnbfgkl5 kfKt pknlAwx?nfO{ hgtf Jojxf/df x] g{ rfxGy] . g] skfsf] lgdf{0f / p;sf] ;/sf/nfO{ hgtfn] :jfut ug'{sf] sf/0f klg oxL lyof] . kf6L{ Pstfkl5 b'a} cWoIf cf] nL / kr08n] PstfnfO{ P] ltxfl;s dfq eGg'ePg, ca sDo'lgi6x?n] bzsf} + d'n's rnfpg] 5g\ / d'n'ssf] sfofkn6 x'g] 5 klg eGg'eof] . ;dfhjfbnfO{ s] Gbdf /fv] / bh{gf} + efif0f ul/P . g] kfnL ;dfhsf] cfly{s, /fhgLlts,

;+ljwfg / nf] stGqsf] /Iffsf lglDt sf+u] ;;“u Pp6} 7fp“df pleg ;lsG5, lxhf] klg plePs} xf] . cf] nLn] /fhgLlts?kdf d'n'snfO{ kl5lNt/ kmsf{pg vf] Hg'ePs} xf] . ;+;b lj36g To;sf] Pp6f s8L xf] . pxf“;“u cfh klg Tof] ld;g oyfjt 5 . ;+3Lotf, u0ftGq, ;dfj] lztf, wd{lg/k] Iftf pxf“sf ?lrsf ljifo xf] Ogg\ .

b[li6sf]0f

u 8f= cd/ lu/L

;fdflhs–;f+: s[lts ?kfGt/0fnfO{ dxTj lbP/ p7fOof] . t/ of] l:ylt w] / } lbg /x] g . lj:tf/} –lj:tf/} kf6L{leq cGtlj{/ f] w a9\g z'? u¥of] . cGtlj{/ f] wsf sf/0f ;/sf/ dfq uPg kf6L{;d] t ljeflht eof] . dfcf] jfbL cnu ePkl5 Pdfn] klg ;Unf] /x] g . dfwj g] kfnx?n] kf6L{af6 ljbf] x ug'{eof] / g] skf -PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL_ lgdf{0f ug'{eof] . /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf] cf/De eof] . hgtfsf ck] Iffx? t'lxP .

Pstfsf] d;L g;'Sb} kf6L{ lsg 6'lqmof] < cfkm} n] u/] sf jfrfx?nfO{ lsg tf] l8of] < kl/jt{gsf dd{x?;“u lsg v] nf“rL ul/of] < o;sf lglDt lhDd] jf/ sf] < cflb h:tf kZgx? lxhf] b] lv xfdf cufl8 5g\ / cg] sg sf] 0faf6 oL kZgx?sf] pQ/ vf] Hg] kof; ul/Psf] 5 . kZgx? cfp“bf lbgx?df klg p7\g] 5g\ . efUg vf] h] / klg kZgx?af6 efUg ;lsg] 5} g . g] skfleqsf] cGtlj{/ f] w, ljefhg / To;kl5 lgdf{0f ePsf] kl/l:ylt g] skfsf] d"n g] t[Tj;“u hf] l8Psf] 5 . d"ntM tTsfnLg kf6L{ cWoIf Pj+ kwfgdGqL cf] nL o;sf lglDt lhDd] jf/ b] lvg'x'G5 . kf6L{leqsf] cGtlj{/ f] wsf] ;dfwfgsf lglDt pxf“ Odfgbf/ x'g g;Sbf g} o:tf] l:ylt lglDtPsf] lyof] . kf6L{ Pstfsf] dd{klt uDeL/ aGg g;Sbf, kf6L{ / ;/sf/aLr ;DaGwsf] s8L 6'6\bf, lhDd] jf/Lsf] ;d'lrt / ;Gt'lnt af“8kmf“8 ug{ g;Sbf, kf6L{nfO{ ljlw / k4lt cg';f/ grnfp“bf, ;/sf/n] kf6L{sf] gLlt / sfo{qmdnfO{ cfTd;ft gubf{ / cWoIf cf] nLsf] unt sfo{z} nLn] ubf{ kf6L{leq cGtlj{/ f] wsf] ljsf; ePsf] lyof] .

Pstfkl5 Pstfsf] dd{ cg';f/ cWoIf cf] nL rNg'kYof] { t/ rNg'ePg . kr08n] dfq xf] Og ;a} dfcf] jfbLn] ckdfg af] w ug{ z'? u/] . kr08sf cleJolQmx? o;sf ;fIfL 5g\ . dfwj g] kfn, emngfy vgfn, jfdb] jx?sf] cg'ej klg lttf] /x\of] . cf] nLsf] k] nfO olt a9\b} uof] ls c?nfO{ kf6L{df xfdL 5f} + ls 5} g h:tf] nfUg yfNof] . kf6L{sf ljlw k4lt kfvf nfu] . pxf“ PSn} kf6L{, ;/sf/, gLlt, sfo{qmd, sfo{lbzf ;a} aGg'eof] . ;/sf/ ;~rfngsf] :jtGqtf;DaGwL cgf} 7f b[li6sf] 0f pxf“af6 JoQm x'g yfn] . log} s'/ fx?n] cGttM kf6L{nfO{ Ps l9Ssf /xg lbPgg\ . cf/De ePsf] k+z;gLo ofqf x] bf{ x] b} { ;dfKt eof] . d"n g] t[Tjdf emf+lub} uPsf] sdhf] / LnfO{ kf6L{n] ;Rofpg koTg gu/] sf] xf] Og . )&^ df ePsf] s] GbLo sld6Lsf] a} 7sdf sdhf] / Lx?sf ljifodf uDeL/ ;dLIff ul/of] . cf] nLdf /x] sf sdhf] / Lx?sf]

cfnf] rgf ub} { ;lRrg elgof] t/ pxf“ ;lRrg tof/ x'g'ePg . JolQmjfb pxf“df cem emf+lub} uof] . o;n] cGtlj{/ f] wnfO{ cem a9fof] . )&& j} zfv, h] 7 / c;f/ cGtlj{/ f] w hl6n df] 8df k'u] sf dlxgfx? x'g\ . )&& ;fpg #) df kf6L{leqsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug] { b[li6n] sfo{bn agfOof] . @^ ebf} df o;n] ;xdltsf] vfsf k:t't u¥of] . k:t't vfsfdf zLif{ g] tfx? ;xdt x'g'eof] . o;n] leqaflx/ b'a} lt/ cfzfsf] ;~rf/ u¥of] . t/ of] cfzf w] / } lbg l6s] g . c;f] haf6 km] l/ cGtlj{/ f] w a9\g z'? u¥of] . ;+j} wflgs / /fhgLlts lgo'lQm o;sf sf/s lyP . cf] nLn] ;a} cfkm\gf] rfxgf cg';f/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . kf6L{;“u s'g} ;dGjo lyPg . c;f] hb] lv ef/t;“usf] ;DaGwdf ;'wf/ cfpg z'? u¥of] . cf] nL o;sf lglDt ljz] if9+un] nfUg'ePsf] lyof] . )&& sflt{s $ sf] dWo/ftdf ef/tLo u'Ktr/ ;+: yf -/c_ sf kd'v ;fdGt uf] onn] afn'jf6f/df cf] nLnfO{ e] 6] . o;kl5 cf] nLsf] Jojxf/df cem kl/jt{g cfof] . pxf“ cem cfkm\g} 9+un] lx8\g yfNg'eof] . kf6L{leq cGtlj{/ f] w cem a9\of] . oxL k[i7e"ldsf aLraf6 )&& sflt{s @& df cWoIf kr08n] kf6L{ ;lrjfnodf !( k[i7sf] /fhgLlts k:tfj k] z ug'{eof] . o; k:tfjdf cf] nLdf /x] sf sdhf] / Lx?sf] uDeL/ cfnf] rgf ul/Psf] 5 . cf] nLn] o;nfO{ cf/f] kqsf] ;+1f lbg'eof] . o;n] kf6L{leqsf] cGtlj{/ f] wnfO{ uDeL/ df] 8df k'¥ofof] . kf6L{df cfkm" sdhf] / aGb} uPkl5 cf] nLn] ;+;b lj36g / dWofjlw lgjf{rgsf ljifodf ljrf/ ug{ yfNg'ePsf] lyof] . kr08;“u cGtlj{/ f] w a9\g z'? u/] kl5 pxf“nfO{ of] ljsNkdf hfg'kg] { x'g ;S5 eGg] nfUg yfn] sf] lyof] . cfkm"nfO{ ;Rofpg tof/ gx'g] cf] nLn] of] eGbf csf] { ljsNk b] Vg] s'/ f klg ePg . t} klg cGtlj{/ f] w ;dfwfgsf lglDt w] / } kof;x? eP . t/ kof;x?nfO{ dxTj lbOPg . cf] nLn] )&& d+l;/ #) df ;+j} wflgs kl/ifb\;DaGwL cWofb] z Nofpg'eof] . o;nfO{ ljkmn u/fpg] p2] Zo;lxt eLd /fjn / kDkmf e';fn k'; ! df ;+;bsf] ljz] if clwj] zgsf] dfu ub} { /fi6«klt ejg hfg'eof] . )&& j} zfv * df NofOPsf] bn ljefhg;DaGwL cWofb] z lkmtf{ ug{ cf] nL d'l:snn] /fhL x'g'ePsf] lyof] . ;+j} wflgs kl/ifb\;DaGwL cWofb] zn] a9fPsf] cGtlj{/ f] wn] kf6L{nfO{ cK7\of/f] df k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . cf] nLsf] Wofg cf/f] kkqdfly s] lGbt

lyof] . k'; $ df cf] nL cf/f] kkq lkmtf{sf lglDt cfux ug{ kr08 lgjf;df hfg'eof] . kr08 To;sf lglDt tof/ x'g'ePg . k'; % df cf] nLn] kltlglw;ef lj36g ug'{eof] . kltlglw;ef lj36g kf6L{ cGtlj{/ f] wnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ g;Sbfsf] kl/0ffd lyof] / o;sf lglDt d"ntM cf] nL lhDd] jf/ x'g'x'G5 eGg] oyfy{ ;Dk"0f{ 36gfqmdx?af6 emNsG5 . kltlglw;ef lj36gnfO{ ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] ab/ ul/lbPkl5 kltlglw;ef k'gM :yflkt t eof] t/ cf] nLåf/f ;+ljwfgdflysf] kxf/ /f] lsPg . kltlglw;ef lj36g ;+ljwfgsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g lyof] . kltlglw;ef o;/L lj36g ug] { clwsf/ kwfgdGqLnfO{ jt{dfg ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf] 5} g . pxf“n] ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf kltlglw;efsf] lj36g kwfgdGqLn] ug{ ;S5 / ug{ kfpg'k5{ eg] / JofVof ug'{eof] t/ lxhf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ubf{ /fhgLlts l:y/tfsf lglDt ul/Psf] Joj:yfnfO{ la;{g'eof] . ;+;b lj36gkl5 kf6L{leqsf] åGå cem a9\of] . cGttM )&& kmfu'gdf ;jf] {Rrn] g] skfnfO{ k"j{jt cj:yfdf kmsf{pg] lg0f{o u¥of] . kf6L{ ljeflht eof] . cf] nLn] Ps k6s xf] Og b'O{ b'O{ k6s kltlglw;ef lj36g ug'{eof] . o; sbdn] jfdkGyL Pj+ nf] stflGqs zlQmx?nfO{ Pp6} 7fp“df Nofof] . ;+ljwfgsf] /Iffsf lglDt of] cfjZos lyof] . bf] ;f] k6ssf] kltlglw;ef lj36gnfO{ ab/ ub} { ;jf] {Rrn] b] pjfsf] kwfgdlGqTjdf j} slNks ;/sf/ u7gsf lglDt k/dfb] z hf/L u¥of] . kltlglw;efsf] klxnf] lj36gb] lv bf] ;f] lj36g;Dd cfOk'Ubf cf] nLn] lgjf{x ug'{ePsf] e"ldsf / kbz{g ug'{ePsf] rl/qsf] hlt cfnf] rgf u/] klg sd x'G5 . cf] nL blIf0fkGyL lrGtg;lxt pN6f] lbzflt/ lx8\g'ePsf] lyof] , kf6L{n] To;nfO{ /f] Sg vf] h] sf] lyof] . cGttM pxf“n] kf6L{nfO{ g} l;Wofpg'eof] / ;+ljwfgnfO{ 3fOt] agfpg'eof] . cf] nLsf] kltufdL sbd lj?4sf] ;+3if{ / cbfntsf] km} ;nfn] ;+ljwfgnfO{ sdhf] / agfpg] kof;nfO{ t /f] Sof] t/ /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf] cf/De eg] eof] . /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf sf/s cf] nLn] k/dfb] zsf] ;/sf/ / blIf0fkGyL u7aGwg eg] / ug] { cfnf] rgf xf:of:kb l;jfo c? s] xL nfUb} g . PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL / dfcf] jfbLnfO{ blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbL eg] / ul/g] cfnf] rgfsf] t emg s'g} cy{ g} 5} g . ;+ljwfg / nf] stGqsf] /Iffsf lglDt sf+u] ;;“u Pp6} 7fp“df pleg ;lsG5, lxhf] klg plePs} xf] . cf] nLn] /fhgLlts?kdf d'n'snfO{ kl5lNt/ kmsf{pg vf] Hg'ePs} xf] . ;+;b lj36g To;sf] Pp6f s8L xf] . pxf“;“u cfh klg Tof] ld;g oyfjt 5 . ;+3Lotf, u0ftGq, ;dfj] lztf, wd{lg/k] Iftf pxf“sf ?lrsf ljifo xf] Ogg\ . Pdfn] sf] b:tfj] hdf s] n] lvPsf] 5 eGg] s'/ fn] w] / } cy{ /fVb} g . /fhfjfbL / ef/tLo ;f+: s[lts /fi6«jfbLx?;“u pxf“sf] lgs6tf cem a9\b} uPsf] 5 . u7aGwgsf] lg/Gt/tfnfO{ arfO /fVg] s'/ fdf ;DalGwt bnx? cfp“bf lbgx?df cem uDeL/ aGg'k5{ . kltudgsf] ld;g oyfjt 5 / of] cfp“bf lbgx?df …hAa/ /fi6«jfbÚ sf] cfj/0fdf ks6 x'g ;S5 . o;sf] l/x;{n rln g} /x] sf] 5 .

dxfo1, dxf]T;j / dxflwj]zgsf] df};d † bz} + / ltxf/ ;lsbf lalQs} lxGb" wd{sf] em08f prfNg] 7] Ssf lnPsf k08fx?n] dxfo1 nufpg] / bfd sdfpg] d] nf] / v] nf] rnfPsf 5g\ . x/] s ufp“ zx/sf ljleGg 7fp“, d7, dlGb/ / slyt wfddf wfp“b} , To; If] qsf cln 6f7f–af7fsf] hdftnfO{ kmsfp“b} / km'Sof{p“b} 5g\ . ;dfh;] jL algg] , wd{ sldg] , vNtL el/g] , dgf] / ~hg ul/g] , cf} ifwfno, ljBfno, k': tsfno / jfrgfno cflb agfpg klg ;3fpg] eGb} dxfo1 nufpg lg0f{o u/fp“b} 5g\ . To:tf lg0f{o sfof{Gjog eO;s] sltko 7fp“df / af“sL 5g\ c? klg . kmfu'g / r} t;Dd rN5 of] wGbf . ;s] ;Dd w] / } eGbf w] / } bfg lbP/ of] h'gLdf dfg ;Ddfg lnP/ k/nf] s k'u] kl5 ;'v kfpg eg] / clud?kdf nufgL ug{ nufpg] 7] s] bf/x?sf] wGbf kmi6fPs} 5 . dxfo1sf] slyt wfld{s wGbfdf sf] eGbf sf] sd eGg] klt:kwf{ hf/L 5 . kf] xf] / ;fn Tof] ufp“n] nufof] / sdfof] , of] ;fn t xfdLn] klg nufpg'k5{ eGg] sf] dxfdf/L 5 . p;n] u/] sf] dxfo1df dGqL / pk–/fi6«kltnfO{ NofP/ b] vfof] . xfdLn] /fi6«klt / kwfgdGqLnfO{ Nofpg'k5{ eGg] x?sf] ;+VofTds a9f] Q/L x'“b} 5 . s;} n] t xl/åf/af6 :jfdL /fdb] j / cfrfo{ afns[i0f jf c? To:t} rlr{t wfd Pj+ zlQmkL7sf z+s/frfo{nfO{ Nofpg] afrf klg u5{g\ . ;fgf] x} g / sdhf] / klg 5} g o:tf] wGbf ug] {x?sf] nx/f] . t/ x/] s jif{ cfpg] o:tf] kx/f] n] sltko ;HhgnfO{ wfld{s cg'i7fgklt ljt[i0ff k} bf u/fpg e"ldsf v] n] sf] e] l6G5 . cfkm\g} cf:yfklt ljrlnt u/fpg, csf] { wd{sf kl5 nfUg / ckgfpg d2t u/] sf] b] lvG5 . o1 / dxfo1af6 cflh{t wgn] bLg b'MvLsf b'Mv / kL8f d] 6fpg, ljkGgtfaf6 d'lQm lbnfpg, cfTdlge{/ agfP/ dg lhTg ;s] sf] eP To:tf] gx'g klg ;SYof] ls < b'a} h'gLsf] 7] Ssf lng] wfld{s k08fx?s} h:tf] ;'zf;g lbP/ ;d[l4sf] lzv/df k'¥ofpg] lhDdf lnPsf sltko /fhgLlts bnx?n] klg dxflwj] zg u/] / ub} {5g\ o;} a] nfdf . x/] s bnsf 6f] nb] lv lnP/, j8f, kflnsf, lhNnf / kb] z x'“b}

s] GbLo dxflwj] zgsf nflu rflxg] vr{ h'6fpg] d] nf] klg pxL rGbfs} wGbf xf] . dxfo1sf nflu dl/d] 6\g] k08fsf km08f / xys08f eGbf sd x'‘“b} gg\ /fhgLlts bnsf g] tf / pgsf lk5nUu'sf wfs, wDsL / u'•L . hgtfsf] x•L lk;] / t] n lgsfn] / cfkm"n] vfg] dL7f ;] n ksfpg /fd/L hfg] sf x'G5g\ b'a} n] . dxfo1df hfg';\ jf dxflwj] zgdf, tkfO+{ htf uP klg vNtL vfnL kf/] / tfnL ahfP/ kms{g] xf] . otfsf] kjrg ;'Gg';\ jf ptfsf] efif0f, ;a} tkfO{+n] lbg] bfgs} e/df af“r] sf k/hLjLx?sf] ;f] emf hgtfsf] a'l4 e'6] / hLpg] z} nL / snfsf] k:t'lt xf] . >dhLjLs} sfd / bfddf /hfO+{ ug] {x? x'g\ tL b'a} hdft . Pp6fn] /fhgLltsf gfddf wd{sf] jvfg u5{ / csf] {n] wd{sf gfddf /fhgLlt u5{ . b'a} n] tkfO{+ xfdL / b] znfO{ l/Tofp“5g\ / cfkm\gf] esf/L e/] / 8sf/L 8sf/L cfhLjg vfG5g\ . tkfO{+ slt l/lQg' eof] jf ePg, 7lug' eof] ls hf] lug' eof] cfkm} ;f] Rg';\ / ljrfg'{;\ . slt a'em] / kl5 nfUg' ePsf] xf] jf df} s} df ;'em] / aF“Rg' ePsf] 5 < cfTd;dLIff ug{ ;lsG5 cfkm} , dgdg} . dxfo1 / dxflwj] zgsf] /f} gsaf6 g/lËPsf] csf] { hdft d] nf, dxf] T;j / kbz{gLsf] klt:kwf{df nfu] sf] b] lvG5 . hf8f] 5Ng] , lsgd] n / dgf] / ~hg u/fpg] , ufpg] ahfpg] / grfpg] b] lv lnP/ dfg ;Ddfg ;lxt bfd kmnfpg] sfObf hfg] sfx?sf] hdft xf] Tof] klg . oxL df} ;ddf kmfObf lng cft'/ b] lvG5g\ htf uof] pt} . kmnfgf] 7fp“df o:tf] dxf] T;jsf] cfof] hgf ul/Psf] 5, ToxF“ To:tf] kbz{gL x'G5 . o:tf em'nf / lkª 5g\ . lrl8ofvfgf 5 . ;s{; / hfb" x'G5 . gfd'b snfsf/ / cleg] tfx?;“u ;“u} kmf] 6f] lvRg, gfRg / ufpg klg kfOG5 . o:tf / p:tf pks/0f, pBf] usf pTkfbg / ljt/0f, ksjfg / kl/sf/sf] :jfb / ;Gt'li6 lng ;lsG5 eGg] krf/ k;f/ ePs} 5 . tL d] nf, dxf] T;j / kbz{gL klg vNtL e/] / hfg ;Sg] x?sf nflu l/TofP/ kmsf{pg] sfObf x'g\ . lgMz'Ns kj] z kfO“b} g, kfp“b} gg\ ;j{;fwf/0fn] . dg / wg tfGg] x?n] xl/tGgd agfpg] a] nf oxL xf] . hf8f] dfq}

x} g, wGbfjfnf;“u klg hf] lug ;lsPg eg] sl7g x'g] 5 lhGbuL . Psaf/sf] h'gL xf] , s;} sf] aGwsLdf gkg'{ xf] nf x} † of] / Tof] ug{'k5{ eg] / hf] : ofpg] / xf} : ofpg] x?n] tkfO{+ xfdf] /x/leq cfkm" cg's"n agfpg] / dgfpg] dL7f] hx/ 3f] n] / lknfPsf x'G5g\ . /S;Lsf] gzf, uf“hfsf] gzf, hjfgLsf] gzf, efª, wt'/ f] / zlQmsf] gzfeGbf s8f x'G5 /fhgLlt / wd{sf] gzf . ljkgfd} ;kgfsf] kl5 nfu] / bu'bf{ bu'b} { k': tf hfG5 eg] / a'‰b} gg\ ;a} n] . ;f] Rg' k5{ o;} n] . ljleGg bn / ;Dkbfosf s0f{lko kjrg / efif0fn] pTkfbg a9fp“b} gg\ . >d ug{ / cfTdlge{/ x'g klg l;sfp“b} gg\ . ed 55{g\ / df] xhfndf kf5{g\ . clg cb[Zo bfDnf] n] af“w] / slxn] otf / slxn] ptf ntf5{g\ . ntfg] { / ntfl/g] n] dxfg sfd u/] sf] 7fg] sf x'G5g\ cfkm} . c?n] tkfO{+ geg] klg cfkm} dkfO{+ eGg] x?sf] huhuL / rsrsL 5 . cfkm} dxfg ag] / c?nfO{ d"v{ agfpg] v] nf] n] ktglt/ bf} 8fPsf] t xf] nf lg xfdLnfO{ † gq c? psfnf] nfUbf g] kfn / g] kfnL lsg cf] / fnf] nfUg'kYof] { xf] nf / < xfdL eGbf w] / } kl5 :jtGq ePsf / nf] stflGqs k0ffnL ckgfPsf d'n'sn] u/] sf] pGglt / xfdf] b'u{ltn] cfkm} hjfkm lbPs} 5 . d+l;/ ;lsP/ k'; nfUbf ljlQs} ljx] af/Lsf] df} ;dn] lj>fd lnPsf] 5 Ps dlxgfsf nflu . t/ dxfo1, dxf] T;j / dxflwj] zgsf] l/n] bf} 8 hf/L 5 . of] klt:kwf{df ;“u;“u} cfPsf] 5 gof“ / pRr ;+qmd0f b/ ePsf] …cf] ldqmf] gÚ gfds sf] / f] gf efO/;sf] ksf] k klg . sfg'gL s'/ f, pkrf/ / krf/ Psflt/ / Jojxf/ csf] {lt/ ug{ afWo 5 ;/sf/ . hf] cfkm} klg l6Sg / ljSgsf nflu klt:kwf{ ub} {5 r'gfjsf] k"j{;GWofdf . u7aGwg aGg] / eTsg] eon] dGqfno yKb} , dGqLsf] ;+Vof a9fp“b} , b] zsf] 9's'6L l/Tofp“b} hfg] klt:kwf{ 5 kb] z ;/sf/df . ;+3Lo ;/sf/df klg Pd;L;L gfds cd] l/sL ;xof] un] u7aGwg /xnf ls hfnf eGg] bf] wf/ 5 . Joj:yflksf / Gofokflnsflt/sf] c:j:y klt:kwf{n]

u

gf/fo0fk;fb kf} 8] n

cfkm\g} ckdfgsf] ef/L af] sfPsf] 5 . csf] {nfO{ l;Wofpg vf] Hbf cfkm} l;l4Psf] kQ} kfPsf 5} gg\ s;} n] klg . /fhgLlt ;a} n] u/] sf 5g\ / cfkm" cg's"n uf] 6L klg rfn] sf 5g\ . s'g} klt:kwf{ dGb Pj+ ;';'Ktfj:yfdf / s'g} pu Pj+ tLa b] lvG5g\ . o:t} klt:kwf{n] ;dfhnfO{ ult lbG5g\ . ;a} vfn] klt:kwf{ ;dfhsf] hLjGttfsf kdf0f klg x'g\ ;Gt'ng ldnfpg ;s] , ;b'kof] u u/] . b'?kof] u eP b': kefj k5{ g} . ;b'kof] u ug] { gfddf lgof] lht?kdf u/fOPsf klt:kwf{n] pTyfgeGbf cj;fglt/sf] ofqfnfO{ a9fjf lbPsf] 7flgb} 5 olta] nf . dxfo1, dxflwj] zg / dxf] T;j ug] { / u/fpg] x?n] ga'em] sf] t gxf] nf lg † ;] jfsf nflu klt:kwf{ u/] sf eP ;a} n] ;Ddfg uy] {, dfGy] / k'Hy] klg . d] jf, dkfO{+Tj / cx+sf/sf] k:t'ltsf nflu ul/Psf x'gfn] ;DalGwt ;Dkbfo eGbf aflx/sfn] plt ?rL b] vfPsf] kfO“b} g .

PskIfsf] / ;Dkbfosf] x'geGbf ;a} sf] aGg ;s] /fdf] x'GYof] eGg vf] lhPsf] xf] . dxfo1, dxflwj] zg / dxf] T;j ;a} kfof] lht eP . 7] Ssfdf rn] . ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] hghLjg;“u hf] l8Pgg\ . k/hLjLx?sf hLjg wfGg] wGbf ag] . ToxL wGbfn] sf] eGbf sf] sd < eGg] agfof] . :jrflnt x} gg\, 5} gg\, ;a} ;~rflnt x'g\ . csf{n] bd / bfd lbP/ rNg] n] u/] sf] wGbfnfO{ s] eGbf plrt xf] nf x“ < snpaudelg@gmail.com

#

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(Dec. 22, 2021)

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…k"hf{ b]pm, ta ef]6 lbG5f} +Ú t'n;Lk'/ dxf]T;jdf a9\b} bz{s q cf] k] Gb a:g] t

q uf] ljGb v8\sf 3f] / fxL, ^ k'; . …h+unaf6 x6fpg] eGof 5, To;kl5 sxf“ hfg] <Ú– u9jf–$ ;fnem'08Lsf dfgaxfb'/ g] kfnLnfO{ kL/ nfu] sf] 5 . pxf“;“u cfkm\g} gfdsf] hUuf 5} g . …jg If] qdf a;] sf d'Qm sd} of x6fp“b} 5 . x6fp“5f+} eg] / k6s–k6s t;f{p“5g\ . ;'v dgn] a:g lgbfpg kfOPsf] 5} gÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof] . ndxL–$ 3'Dgfsf dga'emfpgf rf} w/Lsf] cfkm\gf] gfddf hldg 5} g . k"hf{ gePsfnfO{ ;/sf/n] aQL, kfgL s'g} klg ;'ljwf lbPsf] 5} g . To;} sf] 56k6L 5 . pxf“sf cg';f/ a;] s} 7fp“df xfdf] ;/sf/n] k"hf{ lbG5 eg] / ef] 6 dfu] . …lht] / uPsf] oltsf jif{;Dd s] xL klg ldn] g . sf/0f Sof xf] <Ú– pxf“n] cfqmf] lzt x'“b} ;f] Wg'x'G5– …ca csf] {k6s s] eGg cfp“5g\ <Ú pxf“n] cl3Nnf] r'gfjs} cfZjf;g k"/ f gePsfn] cfufdL lbgdf ;f] Rg''kg] { jtfpg'eof] . …ef] 6 dfUbf sltk6s gd:sf/ ug{ k'u] Ú– 3f] / fxL–!^ :ofgL cDafk'/ sL ;fjL rf} w/Ln] eGg'eof] – …cfkm" 3'Dg] s';L{df a:g] . hgtfnfO{ gx] g] {, hgtfn] k] 6 eg'{kb} {g <Ú pxf“sf cg';f/ d'Qmsd} ofsf] ;femf dfu 5– …klxnf kl/rokq / k"hf{ b] pm, ta ef] 6 lbG5f} + .Ú pxf“n] e"ldxLgnfO{ hldg lbg] cfkm\gf afa'sf] c+z 5'6\ofP h:t} gug{ r] tfjgL lbg'eof] . cfkm\g} hUuf sf6] / lbg] h:tf] nf] e gb] vfpg cfux ug'{eof] .

To;f] u/] 7"n} ;d:of cfpg]5 . …lbgel/ sfd u/] / h'6fPsf] Ps d'7L klg dfcf] jfbLnfO{ eft v'jfOof] Ú– 3f] / fxL–!& u} / fufp“sf dgjL/ rf} w/Ln] eGg'eof] – …clxn] d'lQm b] eGbf eGbf s} of} + hf] / h'Qf kmfl6;s], ;'Gg] xf] Og .Ú pxf“sf cg';f/ sltkonfO{ kf“r w'/ hUuf lbPsf]

5 Tof] klg vf] nfgfnfn] aufO{ nUof] . xftdf k"hf{ ePsf t/ hldg u'dfPsf w] / } 5g\ . s;} n] k'5fO{ u/] sf] 5} g . d'Qm sd} ofsf a:tLx?df ;xof] u cg'bfg 5} g . b'O{ rf/j6f ;'u'/ a+u'/ kfnf+} eg] 7fp“ 5} g . hUuf lwtf] /fv] / sfd u/f} + eg] a} sn] dfGb} g . cGt} nu] / kfnf} + eg] hUuf ef8fdf lnP/ sfd ug] { nufgL 5} g . zt} { zt{sf] sl7g a;fOn] 3f] / fxL– !^ :ofgL cDafk'/ sL ;Ltf rf} w/LnfO{ lk/f] n] sf] 5 . csf{sf] 3/df sfd u/L u'hf/f rnfpg'kg] { afWotf 5 . Psflt/ ;/sf/n] @)%& ;fpg @ ut] ;f} +sL C0f ldgfx;lxt sd} of d'lQm 3f] if0ff u¥of] , csf{lt/ a:g] hldg glbP/ clxn] klg ;fx's} 3/df sfd u/L af“Rg'kg] { agfof] . …tLg k': tf laTbf;Dd klg xfdf] gfddf hUuf lsg 5} g <Ú 3f] / fxL–!& kr'vf{sf df] xg rf} w/Lsf] kZg 5– …;'s'Djf;L cfof] u vf/] h ug] { sf/0f s] xf] <Ú pxf“sf cg';f/ ef] 6 dfUg 3/3/} cfP . lht] / uPkl5 ;d:of ;'Gg klg rfx] gg\ . d'Qm sd} ofsf sfo{qmddf lgDtf] ubf{ ;d] t pkl:ylt hgfP/ ;'Gg

rfx“b} gg\ . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf kltlglw klg o:t} x'g\, u'gf;f] ul//xG5g\ eg] / a] jf:tf u5{g\ . hats ;'s'Daf;L eOG5 tats ef] 6 lbOGg . …g] kfnL sf+u] ; g] t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n] cfof] u lsg vf/] h u¥of] <Ú pxf“n] yKg'eof] – …nfnk"hf{ gkfP cfGbf] ng u5f} {+ . g] tfx? xfdf 3/–3/df cg'xf/ b] vfpg gcfP x'G5 .Ú nfnk"hf{ gx'“bf 3f] / fxL–^ r} gk'/ sf s?0ff rf} w/Ln] s] xL klg ug{ kfpg'ePsf] 5} g . …Psbd} cfjZostf dx;'; ePsf] 5 . h'g 7fp‘“df hUuf 5 ToxF“ /f] huf/L vf] Ng kfOPsf] 5} g . pkfo gx'“bf afnaRrf k9fpg ;lsPsf] 5} g . ca cfP k"hf{ b] pm, ta ef] 6 lbG5f} + eG5f} + .Ú d'Qm 3f] if0ffkl5 ;/sf/n] cfn6fn u/] sfn] ;/sf/L hUuf sAhf ul/Psf] d'Qm sd} of ;dfhsf s] GbLo cWoIf kz'klt rf} w/Lsf] egfO 5 . pxf“n] ca ;+ul7t eP/ :yfgLo, kb] z / ;+3 h'g ;/sf/sf sfof{no 3] / ] / x'G5 ToxL+ k'Ug] atfpg'eof] . …ca xfdf] 7"nf] r'gf} tL 5Ú– cWoIf rf} w/Ln] eGg'eof] – …a;] s} 7fp“df k"hf{ lbg';\ gq xfdL ef] 6 xfNb} gf} + .Ú

sf]/f]gflj?4sf] vf]k se/]h a9fpg sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf ;Nofg, ^ k'; . ;Nofgsf] sk'/ sf] 6df sf] le8–!( lj?4sf] vf] k se/] h a[l4sf nflu ;dLIff;“u} sfo{of] hgf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] daf/ ;DkGg a} 7sdf vf] ksf] xfn;Ddsf] cj:yf, r'gf} tLsf] ljifodf ;dLIff;“u} vf] k se/] h a[l4sf nflu of] hgf th'{df ul/Psf] sk'/ sf] 6 ufp“kflnsfsf :jf:Yo ;+of] hs c?0f bfxfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sk'/ sf] 6 ufp“kflnsfdf k'; dlxgfleq *) kltzt gful/snfO{ vf] k kbfg ug{] nIo /x] sf] 5 . :jf:Yo zfvfsf cg';f/ xfn;Dd sf] le8 EoflS;gsf] klxnf] dfqf nufpg] %& kltzt / bf] ;f] dfqf nufpg] $! kltzt /x] sf 5g\ . :jf:Yo ;] jf sfof{no

;Nofgsf] cfof] hgf / :jf:Yosf nflu ;Ifd k0ffnLsf] kfljlws ;xof] udf of] hgf th'{df a} 7s cfof] hgf ul/Psf] xf] . a} 7sdf ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf eLdaxfb'/ ;] gn] l;kmfl/; ul/Psf ;a} pd] / ;d"xsf JolQmn] vf] k nufpg h?/L /x] sf] atfpg'eof] . sf] / f] gflj?4sf] vf] kn] sf] / f] gf efO/; /f] u nfUgaf6 arfpg] , /f] u nfluxfn] df klg uDeL/ la/fdL x'gaf6 arfpg] tyf c?nfO{ sf] / f] gf efO/;sf] ;+qmd0f x'gaf6 ;d] t hf] ufpg] ePsfn] ;a} n] vf] k nufpg'kg{] df pxF“sf] hf] 8 lyof] . ;a} nfO{ vf] ksf] kx“'rdf Nofpg r] tgf clej[l4;“u} ;"rgf kjfxdf ;a} n] ;xof] u ug'{kg{] cWoIf ;] gsf] egfO lyof] . a} 7sdf ufp“kflnsfsf pkfWoIf ltnf a'9f du/n] :jf:YosdL{ / hgkltlglwsf]

;dGjonfO{ a9fP/ sf] le8 vf] k cleofgnfO{ kefjsf/L agfpg'kg{] df hf] 8 lbg'eof] . o:t} kd'v kzf;sLo clws[t l8NnL v8\sfn] sf] le8 vf] kaf/] ;a} n] ufp“ j:tLdf hfgsf/L km} nfpg'kg{] atfp“b} kfyldsLs/0fdf k/] sf ;a} nfO{ vf] ksf] kx'“rdf Nofpg'kg{] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmdddf :jf:Yo ;] jf sfof{no ;Nofgsf Joj:yfks bz/y >] i7, :jf:Yosf nflu ;Ifd k0ffnLsf 5q/fh e6\6n] vf] k se/] h a[l4sf nflu s] ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf k:t'lt /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f ub{} l;lgo/ cx] j ;'jf; xdfnn] sk'/ sf] 6df d+unaf/af6 !@ b] lv !& jif{ pd] / ;d"xsf ljBfyL{nfO{ vf] k nufpg] sfo{qmd /x] sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

;km\6j]o/ k0ffnLaf6 /fh:j ;+sng z'? o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf ?s'd -k"j{_, ^ k'; . ?s'd -k"j{_ sf tLgj6} :yfgLo txn] ;km\6j] o/ k0ffnLdfkm{t /fh:j ;+sng z'? u/] sf 5g\ . e"d] , k'yfpQ/u+uf / l;:g] ufp“kflnsfn] ;km\6j] o/ k0ffnLdfkm{t /fh:j ;+sng sfo{ yfn] sf x'g\ . e"d] ufp“kflnsfsf kd'v kzf;sLo clws[t rGbl;+x >] i7n] OG6/g] 6sf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg u/L ;a} j8fdf of] k0ffnL nfu' ug] { cleofgdf ufp“kflnsf nfluk/] sf] atfpg'eof] . ;f] ufp“kflnsfn] rfn' cfly{s jif{df ^! nfv &* xhf/ /fh:j ;+sng ug] { nIo /fv] sf] 5 . o;df ut d+l;/ !% ;Dd !& nfv $$ xhf/ /fh:j ;+sng eO;s] sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .

To:t} k'yfpQ/u+ufn] /fh:j ;+sng k0ffnLnfO{ r': t, b'?:t / cWofjlws agfpg] p2] Zosf ;fy ;km\6j] o/ k0ffnL c“uflnPsf] ufp“kflnsfsf n] vf zfvf kd'v gj/fh v8\sfn] atfpg'eof] . ufp“kflnsfn] rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷&( df %) nfv /fh:j

;+sng ug{] nIo lnPsf] 5 . ;a} j8fdf lgoldt?kdf OG6/g] 6sf] ;'ljwf gx'“bf eg] of] k0ffnL sfof{Gjogdf r'gf} tL b] lvPsf] ufp“kflnsfn] hgfPsf] 5 . l;:g] ufp“kflnsfn] klg oxL k'; ! ut] af6 ;km\6j] o/ k0ffnLdfkm{t /fh:j ;+sng z'? u/] sf] lgldQ kd'v kzf;sLo clws[t lrGtfdl0f bfxfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . /fh:j k0ffnLdf Ps?ktf NofO{ /fh:j ;+sng sfo{nfO{ yk Jojl:yt / kf/bzL{ agfpg ;km\6j] o/dfkm{t /fh:j ;+sng z'? ul/Psf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . ufp“kflnsfn] rfn' cfj @)&*÷&( df Ps s/f] 8 !) nfv /fh:j ;+sng ug{] nIo lnPsf] 5 . ;km\6j] o/af6 /fh:j ;+sng ug{ lhNnfsf #! j6} j8fsf j8f ;lrj, PdcfOP; lkmN8 ;xfos / sDKo'6/ ck/] 6/nfO{ tflnd lbOPsf] 5 . tLgj6} kflnsfdf ufp“kflnsfsf] cfof] hgf / ;km\6] s OGkmf] l;; kfln sf7df8f} +sf] kfljlws ;xof] udf j8f ;lrj / cGo sd{rf/LnfO{ tflnd kbfg

!% jif{ k'/fgf] aaf;L/ c:ktfn

ul/Psf] xf] . o;cl3 x:tlnlvt /l;bsf] kof] u u/L /fh:j ;+sng ub{} cfPsf] df ljB'tLo k0ffnLn] /fh:j ;+sngdf ;xhtf cfpg ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . ca ufp“kflnsf tyf j8f sfof{non] ;+sng ub{} cfPsf ljleGg ;] jf z'Ns, Joj;fo btf{ z'Ns / dfnkf] t s/nufot cGo ;a} /fh:j ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ;+sng x'g] 5g\ . slxn] sfxL+ ljB't\ / OG6/g] 6 gx'“bf s] xL ;d:of eP klg of] k0ffnLn] ;] jf lbg] / lng] b'a} nfO{ ;xh x'g] 5 . o;cl3 x:tlnlvt /l;bsf] dfWodaf6 /fh:j ;+sng ubf{ a] ?h' cfpg] u/] sf] df Tof] ;d:of ca ;dfwfg x'g] ck] Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

df}nfp“b}===

tLg dlxnf u/L $% g] kfnL / b'O{hgf ef/tLo gful//s kqmfp k/] sf 5g\ . To;} u/L gf} lsnf] gf} ;o !) ufd r/] ;;lxt b'O{hgf, b'O{ lsnf] kf“r ;o $) ufd uf“hf;lxt rf/ hgf / b'O{ ;o &) 6\ofAn] 6 gfO6«fe] 6;lxt kf“rhgf kqmfp k/] sf] l/hfnn] hfgsf/L lbg''eof] . sf/fuf/df Ps ;o $* hgf lgoGq0fdf cfpg g;s] sf] nfu"cf} ifw sf/f] af/df d'2f v] k] sfx? sf/fuf/df klg pNn] Vo 5g\ . 3f] / fxL / t''n;Lk'/ sf/fuf/df u/L Ps ;o $* hgf s} bLaGbL /x] sf 5g\ .

3f] / fxL sf/fuf/sf h] n/ o''j/fh kl/of/sf cg';f/ !# hgf s} bL / $& hgf aGbL u/L ^) hgf clxn] h] ndf /x] sf 5g\ . ptf t''n;Lk'/ sf/fuf/df &^ hgf

t'n;Lk'/ , ^ k'; . t'n;Lk'/ dxf] T;jdf bz{sx? a9\b} uPsf 5g\ . dxf] T;jsf] 5} 7f} + lbg d+unaf/ sl/a gf} xhf/ hgfn] dxf] T;j cjnf] sg u/] sf] dxf;lrj k] dksfz lu/Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . dxf] T;jdf snfsf/sf] b} lgs k:t'ltsf sf/0f bz{sx?sf] ;+Vofdf pNn] Vo a[l4 x'“b} uPsf] cfof] hsn] atfPsf] 5 . d+unaf/ rlr{t nf] sbf] xf] / L ufos abL k+u] gLsf] k:t'lt /x] sf] lyof] . k+u] gLn] :6] hb] lv bz{s;Dd k'u] / /ftf] k5\of} / L, cfdf labf kfp“lbg, ;'v] {t a'na'n] hfp“nf, gfrf} nf em\ofp/] sf] tfn} dfnufotsf k:t'lt /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .

To;} u/L nf] sufosL cf?;L du/, ;'lgtf clwsf/L, gjLg cf] nL, xf:oJo+Uo snfsf/ sdn ufp“n] sf] k:t'ltn] klg bz{sx?nfO{ e/k'/ dgf] / ~hg lbnfPsf] lyof] . dxf] T;jdf :yfgLo snfsf/x?n] klg cf–cfkm\gf k:t'lt /fv] sf] ;f+: s[lts pk;ldltsf ;+of] hs ;Gtf] if v8\sfn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . a'waf/ eg] uflos d] lngf /fO{, s[i0f /] pn] , cg' /fgf,

q odnfn e';fn

a'6jn, ^ k'; . g] kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ sf] n'lDagL kb] z sfof{nosf] a'6jndf zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] daf/ a'6jndf kqsf/ ;Dd] ng u/L n'lDagL kb] z OsfO{ sfof{no :yfkgf ul/Psf] kl/ifb\sf sfo{sf/L lgb] {zs kbLk 1jfnLn] atfpg'eof] . cfDbf c:ktfn a'6jn kl/;/df n'lDagL kb] zsf] sfof{no :yfkgf u/] / b'O{hgf sd{rf/L;lxt sfd z'? ul/Psf] 5 . g] kfn s} bL / !@ hgf aGbL u/L ** hgf s} bLaGbL /x] sf] h] ] n/ cd/ cf] nLn] atfpg''eof] . h;df rf/hgf dlxnf s} bL / 5 hgf aGbL dlxnf /x] sf 5g\ . tLg ;o 6\ofAn] 6;lxt lji6 kqmfp Onfsf kx/L sfof{no hd'gfxfn] tLg ;oj6f nfu"cf} ifw gfO6«f] hg 6\ ofAn] 6;lxt PshgfnfO{ kqmfp u/] sf] 5 . ;LdfjtL{ ef/tLo ahf/ ?k} l8xfaf6 gfO6«f] hg 6\ ofAn] 6 af] s] / 5f] 6L gfsf x'“b} g] kfnu~h kj] z u/] sf bfr'{nf z} n] lzv/ gu/kflnsfsf !( jifL{o g/] Gb lji6nfO{ kx/Ln] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf]

g]kfn ;/sf/

e"ld;'wf/ tyf dfnkf] t sfof{no 3f]/fxL, bfªsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf † bfª lhNnf 3f]/fxL p=d=g=kf= j8f g+= !* a:g] /fdnfn yfkf du/ ;d]tn] lgDg lnlvt hUuf gfd;f/L u/L kfpF egL lgj]bg lbg' ePsf] x'bF f ;a} sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf ksflzt ul/Psf] 5 . lgj]bssf] gfddf gfd;f/L x'g' gkg{] sf/0f eP jf c? s;}sf] gfddf;d]t gfd;f/L x'g' kg{] eP jf lgj]bs afx]s c? xsjfnf klg eP sf/0f / kdf0f;lxt of] ;"rgf ksflzt ePsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq lgj] bssf] gfddf gfd;f/L x'g' gkg]{ sf/0f v'nfO{ c?sf] klg xs nfUg] eP kdf0f;lxt / gfd;f/L ug'k{ g]{ jf c? klg xsjfnf eP xsjfnfn] cfkm\gf] lhsL/;lxt lgj]bg ug{ cfpg'xf]nf . ;doleq bfjL lj/f] w ug{ gcfP sfg"g adf]lhd eO hfg] Joxf]/f ;"lrt ul/G5 .

lgj]bsn] >]:tfsfod÷gfd;f/L ug{ dfu u/]sf] hUufsf] ljj/0f uf=lj=;= j8f g+= lsQf g+= If] qkmn lsl;d hUufwgLsf] gfd :o'hf @ª @ !%–@–#–!

– /]vdfg yfkf du/÷vf]b] yfkf :o'hf #s ! #–@–!–!

– /]vdfg yfkf du/÷vf]b] yfkf :o'hf #s !& ^–!–#–# – /]vdfg yfkf du/÷vf]b] yfkf bfª lhNnf 3f]/fxL p=d=g=kf= j8f g+= !* a:g] /fdnfn yfkf du/ ;d]t hgf # n] xfdf a'jf /]vdfg yfkf du/sf] ldlt @)^).)^.)# df d[To' ePsf] lghsL Ps dfq kTgL lji0fL s'df/L yfkf du/sf] klg ldlt @)$*.!@.)$ df d[To' ePsf] xfdf sfG5f a'jf vf]b] yfkf cljjflxt /xL xfdf a'jf /]vdfg yfkf du/;Fu Psf;+uf]ndf a:b} cfPsf] / gful/stf kfKt gu/L ldlt @)%&.)#.)^ df d[To' ePsf] dfOnf a'jf jfb] yfkf du/sf] klg cljjflxt cj:yfdf ldlt @)@# ;fndf d[To' ePsf] xfdf] a'jftkm{sf tLg alxgL 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx eO ;s]sf]n] lgh d[tssf glhssf xsbf/ /]vdfg yfkf du/sf tLg efO 5f]/f /fdnfn yfkf du/ adaxfb'/ yfkf du/ ljzfn yfkf du/sf] ;+o'Qm gfddf pNn]lvt hUuf gfd;f/L u/L kfpF egL o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg dfu u/]sf]n] lghx?sf] dfu cg';f/ x'g'kg]{ xf] jf c? s;}sf] ;d]t pNn]lvt hUufdf xs nfUg] eP cfjZos kdf0f;lxt ksflzt ;"rgfsf] xbDofbleq bfjL lj/f]w ug{ cfpg'xf]nf egL of] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ksfzg ul/Psf] 5 .

;f] 6fOdM !@–# ah], #–^ ah], ^–( ah]

xf] . pgL hd'gfxf ufp“ x'“b} g] kfnu~h kj] z u/] sf lyP . hd'gfsf rf} sLb] lv sl/j Ps lsnf] ld6/ k"j{af6 lji6nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] lyof] . pgnfO{ cfjZos sf/jfxLsf nflu lhNnf kx/L sfof{no g] kfnu~h k7fOPsf] 5 .

oxL k'; dlxgfsf] clGtd xKtfaf6 km\nf] / df lg:sg] u/L sfd tLa eO/x] sf] cleg] tf 9'+ufgfn] atfpg'eof] . /ldtn] …a'4 jg{ Og g] kfnÚ n] bz{s / ;dLIfsaf6 /fdf] kltlqmof kfPkl5 cfkm" afof] lks rnlrq agfpg] lg0f{odf k'u] sf] atfpg'eof] . d': sfg vft'gdf cfwfl/t rnlrqsf] gfd eg] s] xL lbgdf 3f] if0ff ul/g] 9'+ufgfn] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmd rnlrq kqsf/ ;+3 g] kfn bfªsf cWoIf lzj k'gsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] lyof] .

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf t'n;Lk'/ , ^ k'; . cleg] tf /ldt 9'+ufgfn] Pl;8 cfqmd0fdf k/] sL d': sfg vft'gsf] hLjgLdf cfwfl/t rnlrq lgdf{0f ug] { 3f] if0ff ug'{ePsf] 5 . rnlrq kqsf/ ;+3 g] kfn bfª zfvfn] d+unaf/ t'n;Lk'/ df cfof] hgf u/] sf] ;fIffTsf/ sfo{qmddf /ldtn] gof“ rnlrqsf] 3f] if0ff ug'{ ePsf] xf] . clxn] lk– kf] 8S;gdf /x] sf] rnlrq

g]kfn ;/sf/

s[lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfno kwfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf

kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog PsfO ?s'd k"j{ -/f]Nkf_

bf“t] cf]v/sf sndL la?jf vl/bsf nflu lznaGbL b/efpkq cfx\jfgsf] ;"rgf Û ;"rgf g+= !.@)&*.)&( kyd k6s ;"rgf ksflzt ldlt M @)&*.)(.)& o; kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog PsfOsf nflu cf]v/ If]q lj:tf/ ;~rfng ug{ bfFt] cf]v/sf sndL la?jfx? rflxPsf]n] klt PsfO s] slt b/efpdf pNn]lvt la?jf pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] xf] ;f] pNn]v u/L OR5's s[lif;Fu ;DalGwt kmd{, sDkgL, ;+:yf / cfk"lt{stf{x?n] tf]lsPsf] zt{x?sf ;fy cf=j= @)&&.)&* sf] s/r'Qmf kdf0fkq, kmd{ btf{sf] kdf0fkq, d"No clej[l4 s/ btf{ kdf0fkq / g]kfnL gful/stfsf] kdf0fkqsf] kdfl0ft kltlnlkx? ;+nUg u/L ?= !,))).– lt/L -kl5 lkmtf{ gx'g] u/L_ ;"rgf ksflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg;Dd o; PsfOaf6 b/efpkq vl/b u/L !^ cf}+ lbgsf] !@M)) ah]leq o; sfof{nodf btf{ u/fO ;Sg'kg{]5 . btf{ ePsf] lznaGbL b/efpkq ;f]xL lbgsf] @M)) ah] sfof{nosf kltlglw / b/efpkqbftf jf lghsf] kltlglwx?sf] -pkl:yt geP klg_ /f]xa/df vf]lng]5 . lznaGbL b/efpkqdf b//]6 c+s / cIf/df n]v]sf] x'g'kg{]5 . c+s / cIf/df km/s k/]df cIf/df n]lvPsf]nfO{ dfGotf lbOg]5 . b/efpkq k]z ubf{ g]=a}+=ln= ?s'd k"j{, ?s'dsf]6 zfvfdf /x]sf] sf]=n]=lg=sf=sf] vftf g+= !*()!)))))@))#)))))! df af]nkq hdfgt w/f}6L /sd hDdf u/]sf] ;Ssn ef}r/ jf g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 s ju{sf] Ohfht kfKt a}+ssf] a}+s Uof/]G6L ;dfj]z ug{'kg{]5 . cf]v/sf la?jfx? o; kl/of]hgfsf] sfof{no ?s'd k"j{, ?s'dsf]6;Dd k'¥ofpg'kg{]5 . o; ;"rgfdf pNn]v gul/Psf afFsL s'/fx? krlnt P]g lgod cg';f/ x'g]5 . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu o; kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog PsfOdf sfof{no ;doleq ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . l;=g+= !=

vl/b ul/g] la?jfsf] hft / ltgsf laz]iftf Fernor/ fernnet hftsf] &% ;]=dL= b]lv ! dL= prfO{ / df]6fO{ !=% ;]=dL= b]lv @=)) ;]=dL= ePsf] :j:y la?jf .

vl/b ul/g] la?jf ;+Vof %,))) j6f -s[ifssf] dfu cg';f/ yk36 x'g ;Sg]_

cfhsf] /fzLkmn nIdLwf/f Hof]ltif s]Gb @)&*.)(.)& ut] a'waf/ ltlyM kf}if s[i0f rt'yL{, gIfqM ltio

lkpg] / 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu 7"nf] 6\of+s/ ePsf], #)) lkm6 ulx/fOaf6 af]l/ª ul/Psf] z'4 lkpg] kfgL pknAw 5 . ;Dks{ :yfgM )*@–%^##(#, (*!***%(&# 3f]/fxL–* -gofF a;kfs{b]lv klZrd_ bfª

7]ufgf M s[i0fgu/ af]8{/ lbNnL hfg] a;kfs{sf] 5]pFdf -/fh' zfxLsf] ;6/df_ a9gL . a'wjf/ lSnlgs aGb /xg]5 . ;Dks{ M (*!!(*$@&), (*^#^%*#)) gf]6 M 8fS6/ e]6\gsf nflu kmf]g u/]/ cfpg'xf]nf . /f]u lgsf] gePdf k};f lkmtf{ x'g]5 .

:jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf sfo{sf/L lgb] {zs 8f= 1jfnLn] sf] le8 ;+qmd0fkl5 g] kfnsf] :jf:Yo If] qdf l/;r{sf] dxTjdf hf] 8 lbg yflnPsf] atfpg'eof] . cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 Olysn x'g'kg] { eGb} pxf“n] o;sf] cfwf/df gLlt agfpg ;d] t o; ksf/sf] l/;r{sf] cfp6k'6 ;xof] uL x'g] atfpg'eof] . sf] le8– !( ;+qmd0fsf] a] nf KnfHdf 8f] g] ;gsf] sfddf ;kmntf ldn] sf] :d/0f ub} { clxn] gof“ b'O{j6f l/;r{sf] sfd z'? ePsf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] .

lg= jl/i7 s[lif clws[t

e08f/L jf6/ ;Knfo;{

:ju{åf/L rnlrq dlGb/ 3f]/fxL, bfªdf eJo kbz{g eO/x]5 lxGbL syfgs rnlrq k'ikf

cjnf] sg ug] { ck] Iff lnPsf] dxf] T;j d"n cfof] hs ;ldltsf ;+of] hs tyf t'n;Lk'/ r] Da/ ckm sd;{sf cWoIf 6f] kaxfb''/ 3tL{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . k'; ! ut] b] lv z'? ePsf] dxf] T;j !@ ut] ;Dd ;~rfng x'g] 5 eg] sl/a rf/ ;o :6nx? /x] sf 5g\ .

g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf] sfof{no :yfkgf lx+;fkLl8tsf] hLjgLdf rnlrq aGg]

z'4 kfgL rflxPdf

ljgf ck/]zg dx]zL, kfON; -Pails_, gf;"/ (Fistulla_ aaf;L/, xfO8«f];Ln, lkm;/, dnåf/df df;' knfPsf], lb;f ubf{ ut b]lvPsf], k'?if cG8sf]if a9]sf], kfgL eg]{ cflb /f]usf] ljgf ck/]zg cf} iflwåf/f !))Ü Uof/]G6Lsf ;fy pkrf/ul/G5 .

vd a'9f, /d] z lIflth lu/L, dLgf k'g du/nufotn] k:t'lt /fVg] 5g\ . o; If] qsf] pBf] u, Jofkf/, s[lif / ko{6gsf] kj4{g ug] { p2] Zon] t'n;Lk''/ r] Da/ ckm sd;{sf] cfof] hgfdf ePsf] P] ltxfl;s kyd t'n;Lk'/ dxf] T;jdf kf“r s/f] 8sf] sf/f] af/ / tLg nfv bz{sn]

+ 8f=kL= d08n +

sd{rf/L t'?Gt cfjZostf M Lab Assistant -dlxnf ! hgf_

Hof]= k+= 8f= e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8] ;b:o– g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb\ df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%! ef/t )(!–(!@%&^^&)&

d]if -r",r] ,rf] ,nf,nL,n",n] ,nf] ,c_M ljZjf; u/]sf JolQmaf6 ;f]r] h:tf] gxf]nf.

t'nf -/f,/L,?,/],/f] ,tf,tL,t",t] _M 8fx ug]{x?sf] sf/0f ;d:of a9\g ;Sg]5 .

j[if -O{,pm,P,cf] ,jf,lj,j",j] ,jf] _M klxn]sf ;xof]uL klt:kwL{ aGg ;Sg]5g\ .

j[lZrs -tf] ,gf,gL,g",g] ,gf] ,of,oL,o"_M gof“ sfdsf] yfngL x'g ;Sg]5 . wg' -o] ,of] ,ef,eL,e",w,kmf,9f,e] _M uf]kgLotf e+u x'g ;Sg]5 . ds/ -ef] ,hf,hL,h",h] ,hf],vf,vL,v",v] ,vf] ,uf,uL_M wg nfe / ;'–cj;/ kfKt ug{ ;lsg]5 . s'De -u",u] ,uf] ,;,;L,;',;] ,;f] ,b_M /f]u, zq' / klt:kwL{nfO{ k5fl8 kfb}{ cl3 a9\g / wg nfe ug{ ;lsg]5 . dLg -bL,b",y,em,~f,b] ,bf] ,rf,rL_M ;flxlTos Pj+ n]vg sfo{df cle?lr a9\g]5 .

ldy'g -sf,sL,s",3,ª,5,s],sf],x_M tkfO“sf sdL sdhf]/Ldfly l6sf l6Kk0fL x'g ;Sg]5 . ss{6 -xL,x",x] ,xf] ,8f,8L,8",8] ,8f] _M d]xgt u/] kltkmn kfKt x'g ;Sg]5 . l;+x -df,dL,d",d],df],6f,6L,6",6] _M Ps cy{df ;+slnt wg csf]{ cy{df vr{ x'g ;Sg]5 . sGof -6f],k,kL,k",if,0f,7,k],kf] _M cfo cfDbfgL a9\g]5 . k'/fgf] /sd kfKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

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klti7fgnfO{ bfªjf;Lsf] ;femf ;DklQsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug'{k5{

/fKtL :jf:Yo lj1fg klti7fgsf pks'nklt 8f= ;+uLtf e08f/Lsf] sfo{sfn ;lsPkl5 lgldQ pks'nkltsf] lhDd] jf/L 8f= a;Gt nfld5fg] n] kfpg'ePsf] 5 . lrlsT;s pTkfbg ug] { of] hgfsf ;fy :yfkgf ePsf] klti7fgn] cfkm"nfO{ lrlsT;f lzIffdf cl3 a9fpg ;s] sf] 5} g . o:tf] cj:yfdf b} lgs sfo{ ;~rfngsf] lhDd] jf/L kfpg'ePsf 8f= a;Gt nfld5fg] nfO{ klti7fgsf] ;] jfnufot ljljw ljifodf kqsf/ lul//fh g] kfnLn] ug'{ePsf] –;Dkfbs s'/ fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If] k oxf“ k:t't ul/Psf] 5 . klti7fgsf] lzIffWoIf x'“b} lgldQ pks'nkltsf] lhDd] jf/L kfpg'ePsf] 5 . klti7fgnfO{ s;/L ;~rfng ug'{x'G5 < gof“ lhDd] jf/L;“u} gof“ of] hgf to u/] sf] 5' . s] xL of] hgfx? d lzIffWoIfsf] lhDd] jf/Ldf /x“bf/x“b} klg agfPsf lyof} + . klti7fgnfO{ s:tf] agfpg] eGg] ;fd"lxs lhDd] jf/L lyof] . clxn] klg Tof] lhDd] jf/L ;a} df 5 t/ klxn] s] xL u/f+} eGbf klg cg] sf} + cK7\of/fsf sf/0f ug{ ;lsPg ls h:tf] nfU5 . clxn] klg lgldQ pks'nkltsf] x} l;otdf /x“bf d} n] of] hgfut?kdf klti7fgsf] ;+/ rgf, ;] jf, hgzlQm, hUuf kflKt, cWoog cWofkgnufotsf of] hgfx? to u/] sf] 5' . s:tf of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{x'G5 < 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !* l:yt ;f9] @) laufx hUuf kflKtnfO{ kfyldstfdf /fv]sf] 5' . h'g klqmofdf 5 . To:t} rf/;o a] 8sf] c:ktfn ;~rfng ug{ klqmof z'? ug{] tof/Ldf 5f} + . :gfts txsf] gl;{ª / kof] uzfnf cWoog cWofKfg cfp“bf] z} lIfs ;qb] lv z'? ug{] u/L lgdf{0ffwLg ;+/ rgfdf ;~rfng ug{] tof/L klti7fgn] ul//x] sf] 5 . o:t} sf] / f] gf dxfdf/Lsf] gof“ efO/;sf] ksf] k a9\g glbg k"j{;fjwfgL;lxt gof“ ;'/ Iff of] hgf / hgzlQm Joj:yfkgsf] sfdnfO{ kfyldstfsf ;fy ug{] u/L tof/L ul//x] sf 5f} + . oL of] hgfafx] s klti7fgsf] ;] jfnfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] , e/kbf{]

cfOl;6L===

;+: yfaf6 $% kltzt c+s jf ;L u] 8;lxt Kn; 6' pQL0f{n] cfj] bg eg{ kfpg] 5g\ . o;sf nflu Kn; 6' lj1fg, l;l6le6Laf6 l8Knf] df pQL0f{ u/] sf jf cGo ;+sfoaf6 Ps ;o k"0ff{+ssf] sDKo'6/ jf ul0ft cWoog u/] sf] 5fqj[lQdf of] Uo dflgg] 5 . blnt, hghflt, ;fd'bflos ljBfno cWoog u/] sf] , b'u{d If] q, cfly{s cj:yf

agfpg of] hgfx? agfO/x] sf 5f} + . vf;u/L ;'zfgd} qL klti7fg, gful/sd} qL klti7fg, bIf hgzlQm / :t/Lo ;] jsf] pknAwtfnfO{ kfyldstfdf /fv] sf 5f} + . pkrf/ ;] jf cln dx+uf] 5 eGg] u'gf;f 5g\ lg < Tof] x'g;S5 . lsgls klti7fg clxn] z'?jftL r/0fdf 5 . ;/sf/n] klg xfdLnfO{ ;f] r] cg'?ksf] pks/0f, hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ug{ ;s] sf] 5} g . csf{] s'/ f klti7fg cfkm\g} P] g–lgoddf rN5 . xfdLn] ;a} sd{rf/Ln] clgjfo{ cf7 306f sfd ug{'k5{ . sd{rf/Lsf] plrt Joj:yfkg ;/sf/n] ug{ g;Sbf cfGtl/s Joj:yfkg;lxt sd{rf/L /fVg'kg{] afWotf 5 t/ klg cGo If] qsf] t'ngfdf xfdLn] ;:tf] , :t/Lo ;] jf lbg koTg ul//x] sf 5f} + . ;femf ;+:yfklt ;femf efjgf x'g'k5{ . ;+:yfsf] cj:yf klg a'em\g h?/L 5 . clxn] xfdLn] ah] 6, hUUff, ;+/ rgf, hgzlQmsf] kz:t} Joj:yfkg ePsf] eP s] xL gof“kg Nofpg ;SYof} + . ;+:yf cfkm} clxn] cfly{s cefjdf rln/x] sf] 5 t/ klg klti7fg ;~rfng;“u} bfª;lxt ;fljs /fKtLn] :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;] jfdf w] / } kl/jt{g u/] sf] 5 . Tof] s'/ f xfdLn] ljutnfO{ kms{] / x] g{ ;S5f} + . klti7fgdf cfly{s clgoldttf ePsf ;dfrf/ klg cfPsf 5g\ s] xf] < Tof] s'/ f dnfO{ yfxf 5} g . dnfO{ d} n] sfd ug] { xf] eGg] yfxf 5 . d} n] ;+:yfsf] lxtsf af/] df ;f] Rg'k5{ .

sdhf] / ePsf] :yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl/;nufotsf dfkb08 to u/] sf] 5 . …ul/a tyf lk5l8PsfnfO{ cfO6Ldf ;xh kx'“r agfpg Sofg ;“u ;xsfo{ u/L 5fqj[lQ /fv] sf 5f} +Ú– /fKtL OlGhlgol/ª sn] hsf kaGw lgb] {zs eLd;] g lu/Ln] eGg'eof] – …sn] hsf tkm{af6 klg sn] hsf x/] s sfo{qmddf kf“rhgfnfO{ 5fqj[lQ lbb} cfPsf 5f} + .Ú pxf“sf cg';f/ cfOl;6L lzIffsf] nx/ rn] sf]

hg;]jf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= t'n;Lk'/–& vr{jf, bfª

sd{rf/L cfjZostf kyd k6s ksflzt ldltM @)&*.)(.)& ut] o; hg;] jf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+: yf ln= t'n;Lk'/ –& vr{jfsf nflu tkl;ndf pNn] v ePcg';f/sf] sd{rf/L cfjZos ePsf] n] b] xfocg';f/sf] of] Uotf k'u] sf g] kfnL gful/sx?n] ;"rgf ksflzt ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq ;+: yfsf] sfof{nodf cfj] bg k] z ug'{x'g ;"lrt ul/G5 . kfKt lgj] bgdWo] 5f] 6f] ;"rLdf kg{ ;kmn cfj] bsx?nfO{ dfq 5gf} 6 klqmofdf ;xefuL u/fOg] 5 . kbM ;x–n]vfkfn ;+VofM ! hgf z}lIfs of]UotfM ±@ pQL0f{ -Joj:yfkg ;+sfo_ ;fy} sDKo"6/df word / Excel rnfpg ;Sg] . lgj]bg z'NsM ?= @)).– cfjZos sfuhftM g]kfnL gful/stfsf] kltlnkL, z}lIfs of]Uotfsf kdf0fkqsf] kltlnkL, afof]8f6f / x:tlnlvt lgj]bg .

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