२०७४ कार्तिक ७ गते मंगलवार

CMYK

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(Naya Yugbodh National Daily Oct. 24, 2017)

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#@ lhNnfdf cf7 ;o ;fthgfsf] pDd] bjf/L btf{ o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf sf7df8f} +, ^ sflt{s . klxnf] r/0fsf] lgjf{rg x'g] lhNnfx?df r'gfjL ;/udL{ z'? ePsf] 5 . d+l;/ !) ut] lgjf{rg x'g] #@ lhNnfdf pDd] bjf/L btf{ eP;“u} r'gfjL ;/udL{ z'? ePsf] xf] . s"n Ps ;o !! :yfgsf nflu x'g] kltlglw ;ef tyf kb] z;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgsf nflu cf7 ;o ;fthgfsf] pDd] bjf/L btf{ ePsf] lgjf{rg cfof] usf] s] GbLo sfof{nodf /x] sf] ;+o'Qm lgjf{rg ;~rfng s] Gb -h] Ocf] ;L_ n] hgfPsf] 5 . tLdWo] kltlglw;eftkm{ tLg ;o @# / kb] z;eftkm{ rf/ ;o *$ hgfsf] pDd] bjf/L btf{ ePsf] 5 . #& lgjf{rg If] qdf kltlglw;efsf] / &$ lgjf{rg If] qdf kb] z;efsf] lgjf{rg Ps} ;fy x'“b} 5 . ;f] djf/ bfaL la/f] wsf] ;do /x] sfn] cfh d+unjf/ ph'/ Ldfly 5fgaLg u/L pDd] bjf/sf] gfdfjnL ksfzg ug] { sfo{qmd 5 . a'wjf/ pDd] bjf/L lkmtf{ lng] sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 pDd] bjf/nfO{ lgjf{rg lrGx kbfg ug] { sfo{qmd 5 . klxnf] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf #@ nfv @* xhf/ cf7 ;o &( dtbftfn] dtflwsf/sf] kof] u ug] {5g\ . ;a} eGbf a9L pDd] bjf/L bf] nvfdf k/] sf] 5 eg] ;a} eGbf sd dgfªdf k/] sf] 5 . kltlglw ;ef / kb] z;efsf] klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k0ffnLsf nflu cfOtjf/ pDd] bjf/n] dgf] gog btf{ u/] sf 5g\ . lgjf{rg cfof] usf cg';f/ Ps

&) h'jf8] kqmfp 3f] / fxL, ^ sflt{s -o';_– lhNnf kx/L sfof{no bfªn] lxGb"x?sf] dxfg rf8 ltxf/sf] cj;/df lhNnfel/ u/L h'jf v] Ng] &) hgfnfO{ kqmfp u/] sf] 5 . ltxf/df ca} w?kdf h'jf v] Ng] &) hgf h'jf8] x?nfO{ kx/Ln] kqmfp u/] sf] xf] . kx/Ln] b'O{ nfv @* xhf/ ?k} of“;lxt pgLx?nfO{ kqmfp u/] sf] lyof] . tL h'jf8] dWo]

Ps 6f] nLnfO{ Ps nfv $@ xhf/ Ps ;o !^, csf{] 6f] nLnfO{ $% xhf/ kf“r ;o (% / csf{] 6f] nLnfO{ $! xhf/ Ps ;o ^% ?k} of“;lxt kqmfp u/] sf] lhNnf kx/L sfof{no bfªn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . kqmfp k/] sf h'jf8] x?nfO{ tf/] vdf 5f8] / h'jf d'2fcGtu{t sf/jfxL x'g] P;kL b'uf{ l;+xn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

lgjf{rg If] q ePsf] bf] nvfdf kltlglw;efsf nflu ljleGg bnsf !^ hgf / b'O{ lgjf{rg If] q ePsf] kb] z;efsf nflu @$ hgfsf] pDd] bjf/L k/] sf] xf] .

To:t} Ps lgjf{rg If] q ePsf] dgfªdf kltlglw;efsf nflu b'O{hgf / b'O{ lgjf{rg If] q ePsf] kb] z;efsf nflu kf“rhgfsf] pDd] bjf/L k/] sf] 5 . bf] nvfkl5 /fd] 5fkdf a9L pDd] bjf/L k/] sf] 5 . Ps lgjf{rg If] q ePsf] /fd] 5fkdf kltlglw;efsf nflu !$ hgf / b'O{ lgjf{rg If] q ePsf] kb] z;efsf nflu @@ hgfsf] pDd] bjf/L k/] sf] cfof] usf kjQmf gj/fh 9sfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . dgfªkl5 d': tfªdf sd pDd] bjf/L k/] sf] 5 . Ps lgjf{rg If] q ePsf] d': tfªdf kltlglw;efsf nflu b'O{hgf / b'O{ lgjf{rg If] q ePsf] kb] z;efsf nflu 5hgfsf] pDd] bjf/L k/] sf] 5 . cfufdL d+l;/ !) ut] klxnf] r/0fdf lxdfnL / pRr kxf8sf #@ lhNnfdf lgjf{rg x'g] lgjf{rg cfof] un] hgfPsf] 5 . To:t} d+l;/ @! ut] bf] ;f] r/0fdf t/fO{, dw] z / kxf8sf $% lhNnfdf lgjf{rg x'g] 5 . bf] ;f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu eg] pDd] bjf/sf] dgf] gogkq btf{ ug] { ldlt oxL sflt{s !^ ut] /x] sf] 5 . dlxnf pDd] bjf/ $! dfq klxnf] r/0fdf x'g] kltlglw;ef tyf kb] z;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgsf nflu $! hgf dlxnfn]

hftLo lje]b cGTo ug{ hf]8 q bz/y l3ld/] b] pv'/ L, ^ sflt{s . hftLo lje] b tyf 5'jf5't cGTosf nflu u} / blnt ;d'bfosf cu'jfx?sf] ;fy lng'kg{] ;f] djf/ ndxLdf cfof] lht sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?n] hf] 8 lbPsf 5g\ . hftLo lje] b tyf 5'jf5't -s;'/ tyf ;hfo_ P] g @)^* nufotsf cGo lje] b la?4sf sfg"gx?sf] kj4{g / ljlwsf] zf;gsf] ;'b[9Ls/0fåf/f blnt

x/fpF“b} df}lnstf q lul//fh g] kfnL 3f] / fxL, ^ sflt{s . o; jif{sf] ltxf/df klg ;a} sf 3/ lemlnldnL b] lvP, e} nf] v] lnP, b] p;] gflrP / ;a} sf unfdf dfnf ;lhP . t/ ltxf/sf] df} lnstf lemlnldnL, e} nf] , b] p;] / km"nsf dfnfx? ;a} 7fp“ 5f] Pgg\ . 3/el/ laB'tLo lemlnldnL, rsf{] :j/sf] Jof08afhfsf] l8:sf] e} nf] / s[lqd dfnfn] o;kflnsf] ltxf/ ;lsPsf] ] 5 . snf–;+: s[lt, e] ife"iff– efiffefifL / wd{–;+: s[lt klxrfg xf] . snf ;+: s[ltn] ;d'bfosf] lrgf/L v'nfpg] ub{5 . ltg} klxrfgsf ;+: s[ltx? kl5Nnf] ;do nf] kf] Gd'v aGb} uO/x] sf 5g\ . klZrdL ;+: s[ltsf] ljsf;;“u} g] kfnL df} lnstf / klxrfg gflzb} uO/x] sf] ;+: s[ltljb\ 8f= uf] ljGb cfrfo{n] atfpg'eof] . ax'–;f+: s[lts, ax'– hflt / ax'–eflifs /x] sf] g] kfn / g] kfnLn] cfkm\gf k/Dk/fut df} lns ;f+: s[lts rfnrngnfO{ la;{b} hfg yfn] sf 5g\ . bz} df ahfOg] dfn>L w'g, ltxf/ ufOg] b] p;L /] , e} n] / Tof] ;“u} gflrg] gfr / ufOg] 7f8Lefsfx? klg km] l/b} hfg yfn] sf 5g\ . cem CMYK

pDd] bjf/L lbPsf 5g\ . h;dWo] kltlglw;efdf !* / kb] z;efsf nflu @# hgf dlxnf 5g\ . h;dWo] kd'v bnn] bzhgf dfq} dlxnf pDd] bjf/ cl3 ;f/] sf 5g\ . h;cg';f/ kltlglw;efsf] kToIfdf nf] stflGqs u7aGwgaf6 afun'ª ! df rDkfb] jL v8\sf / vf] 6fªdf ;/:jtL alhdo pDd] jf/ aGg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“x¿ b'a} hgf g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf x'g'x'G5 . afd u7aGwgaf6 ?s'ddf g] skf -dfcf] jfbL s] Gb_ af6 sdnf /f] sf kltlglw;efsf] d} bfgdf pqg'ePsf] 5 t/ g] skf -Pdfn] _ af6 kltlglw;efsf] kToIfdf dlxnf pDd] bjf/ lbPsf] 5} g . kb] z;efsf] kToIfdf sf+u] ;af6 tfKn] h'ª -s_ df lnnfb] jL af] lvd / aemfª -s_ df rGbfb] jL hf] zLn] pDd] bjf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 eg] afd u7aGwgdf dfcf] jfbL s] Gbaf6 uf] / vf -s_ df sdnf gxsL{, aemfª -v_ af6 b] jsL dNn, g'jfsf] 6 -s_ af6 /flwsf tfdfª, Pdfn] af6 DofUbL -v_ df g/b] jL k'g / dgfª -v_ df v08f nfdf u'?ªn] pDd] bjf/L btf{ u/fpg'ePsf] 5 . o;/L x] bf{ dfcf] jfbLn] rf/, sf+u] ;n] rf/ / Pdfn] n] b'O{hgf dlxnf pDd] bjf/ cl3 ;f/] sf] 5 . /fHosf x/] s txdf slDtdf ## kltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf x'g'kg{] ;+j} wflgs Joj:yfsf sf/0f kltlglw;ef / kb] z;efdf kToIfaf6 dlxnf ;xeflutf ck'u ePdf ;dfg'kflts k0ffnLaf6 Go"gtd kltzt k"lt{ ul/g] Joj:yf 5 .

vf;u/L cGo kj{x? eGbf ltxf/n] cfkm\gf] df} lnstf x\ jfQ} km] / ] sf] 5 . 3/–3/df aflng] lbof] b] lv bfh'efO k'Hg] km"nx?;Dd ;a} km] l/b} hfg yfn] sfn] g] kfnL df} lnstf klg km] l/b} hfg yfn] sf] ;+: s[ltljb\ 8f= cfrfo{n] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …klZrd] nL ;+: sf/sf] xfjfn] g] kfnL df} lnstf lanfpg yfn] sf 5g\ .Ú ;+: sf/–;+: s[lt e] ife"iff df} lnstf k': tfGt/0f;“u} kl/dflh{t aGb} uO/x] sfn] g] kfnL df} lns k/Dk/fut snf–;+: s[lt nf] kf] Gd'v aGb} uO/x] sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . tLh, bz} + / ltxf/df ufOg] uLt / gflrg] gfrx? km] l/b} uO/x] sf 5g\ . k/Dk/fut df} lns ;+: s[ltdf Jofkf/ / cfly{s df] xsf sf/0f km] l/b} uPsf] 5 . tLh, bz} + / ltxf/sf uLtx?df s'g} df} lnstf e] l6b} g. uLtsf/, snfsf/, ufosx?n] k} ;f sdfpg] p2] Zon] df} lnstfnfO{ …df] l8kmfO{Ú u/L ahf/df Nofpg] ubf{ g] kfnL df} lns k/Dk/f / snf ;+: s[lt km] l/b} hfg yfn] s] f lj1 8f= cfrfo{n] atfpg'x'G5 . bz} df bfªsf] kl;4 yf? gfr …5f] qmf, ;Vof k} of“, asf{ gfrÚ bfª;lxt t/fO{sf w] / } af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

;d'bfosf] Gofodf kx'“r clea[l4 cleofg cGtu{t cfof] lht cGtlq{mofdf hftLo e] befj tyf 5'jf5't s;'/ tyf ;hfo P] g @)^* sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ /fhgLlts bn tyf ;+3;+: yfsf cu'jfx?n] ;sf/fTds kxn ug{] klta4tf hgfPsf x'g\ . s;} n] hftLo e] befj tyf 5'jf5't u/] sf] kfOPdf hftLo e] befj tyf 5'jf5't s;'/ / ;hfo P] g @)^* cg';f/ s;'/ ug{] AolQmnfO{ tLg dlxgfb] lv

tLg jif{;Dd s} b jf Ps xhf/ ?k} of“b] lv @% xhf/ ?k} of“;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'a} ;hfo x'g] Joj:yf 5 . /fhgLlts bnsf] ;+/ If0f / kx/L kzf;gsf] Wofg gk'Ubf hftLo e] befj tyf 5'jf5'tsf 36gf ldnfkqdf 6'+lug] u/] sf] u'gf;f] 5 . t/ /fhgLlts bnsf kltlglwx?n] cab] lv o:tf ljifodf /fhgLlts ;+/ If0f gug{] a? kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbnfpg af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

3f] / fxL, ^ sflt{s -o';_– :yfgLo txsf hgkltlglwx?sf] a} 7sn] bfª ljsf; kl/ifbsf] cjwf/0ff kfl/t u/] sf] 5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] cfof] hgfdf ;f] djf/ 3f] / fxLdf a;] sf] lhNnfsf bz :yfgLo txsf kd'v tyf sfo{sf/L clws[t;lxtsf] a} 7sn] bfªsf] ;du ljsf;sf nflu bfª ljsf; kl/ifb u7g ug{] cjwf/0ff kfl/t u/] sf] xf] . a} 7sn] lhNnfsf] PsLs[t ljsf;sf nflu lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf kd'v lht] Gbdfg g] kfnLsf] ;+of] hs / pkkd'v >Lw/ kf} 8] n pk;+of] hs tyf lhNnfsf !) j6} txsf kd'v / ljifolj1 /xg] u/L bfª ljsf; kl/ifb u7gsf nflu cjwf/0ff kfl/t u/] sf] xf] . k:tfljt bfª ljsf; kl/ifbdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:o, 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf, t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf, ndxL gu/kflnsf, aaO{ ufp“kflnsf, zflGtgu/ ufp“kflnsf, b+uLz/0f ufp“kflnsf, a+unfr'nL ufp“kflnsf, /fKtL ufp“kflnsf, u9jf ufp“kflnsf / /fhk'/ ufp“kflnsfsf kd'vx? ;b:o x'g] 5g\ . o;} u/L ljifolj1x?af6 ;b:ox?df e"ld Joj:yf÷ zx/L ljsf; ljz] if1, lj1fg tyf kljlw;DjGwL ljz] if1, ;"rgf÷;~rf/sf ljz] if1, jg tyf jftfj/0fsf ljz] if1, s[lif tyf kz';DjGwL ljz] if1, :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof ljz] if1, lzIff ljz] if1, pBf] u jfl0fHo÷:j/f] huf/ kj4{g ljz] if1 ;b:o x'g] 5g\ . o;} u/L lj1x?af6} ko{6g, ;+: s[lt tyf snf ;DjGwL ljz] if1, pmhf{ ljz] if1, vfgL tyf e"–ue{;DjGwL ljz] if1, ef} lts k"jf{wf/ tkm{af6 oftfoft;DjGwL ljz] if1, xjfO{÷/] n÷;8s ljz] if1, l;+rfO{;DjGwL ljz] if1 / :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L kl/ifbsf] ;b:o ;lrj x'g] cjwf/0ffdf pNn] v 5 . o;} u/L ljz] if1x?sf] cfwf/df tof/ ul/g] u'?of] hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ 5'§} bfª ljsf; kl/ifbsf] of] hgf agfpg] ;ldlt u7g ul/g] 5 . h;df ;+of] hs, pk;+of] hs, ;b:o ;lrj / tLghgf ;b:o /xg] pNn] v ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf kd'v lht] Gbdfg g] kfnLsf] cWoIftfdf a;] sf]

a} 7sdf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L e/ts'df/ a'9fyf] sLn] bfª ljsf; kl/ifbsf] cjwf/0ffaf/] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] lyof] . bfªsf] lbuf] ljsf; / % gDa/ kb] zsf] /fhwfgL agfpg cfjZos k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf nflu lhNnfsf ;a} :yfgsf] PsLs[t ljsf;sf] vf“rf] cf+} Nofp“b} bfª ljsf; kl/ifb\ u7g ug'{k/] sf] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltn] hgfPsf] 5 . ;f] cj;/df af] Nb} lhNnfsf :yfgLo txsf kd'vx?n] bfªsf] ;du ljsf;sf nflu lh;;n] /fdf] cjwf/0ff NofPsf] eGb} o;nfO{ k"0f{tf lbbf ;a} If] qsf] kltlglwTj cfjZos kg] { ;'emfj lbP . ;f] cj;/df af]Nb} ;dGjo ;ldltsf kd'v lht]Gbdfg g]kfnLn] kl/ifbsf] dfWodaf6 lhNnfsf] lzIff, :jf:Yo, v]ns"b, Jojl:yt a;f]af; / s[lif, ;8s / ljdfg:ynsf nflu kxn ul/g] atfpg'eof] . a}7sdf :yfgLo txsf kd'vx?n] ;+ljwfgn] :yfgLo txnfO{ clwsf/;DkGg u/fP klg To;sf] Jojxfl/s kof]u ug{ gkfPsf] u'gf;f] u/] . gbLhGo j:t'sf] j}1flgs Joj:yfkg gx'b“ f hgtfn] 3/ agfpg;d]t gkfPsf], ljsf;] sfd cnkq u/]sf] eGb} tTsfn s'g} j}slNks Joj:yf u/]/ ;xhtf Nofpg ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{ cfux u/]sf lyP . ;fy} sd{rf/L cefjn] klg sfddf ;d:of k/]sf] u'gf;f] u/] . a} 7sdf 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf kd'v g?nfn rf} w/L, ndxL gu/kflnsfsf kd'v s'naxfb'/ s] ;L, aaO{ ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf e'jg] Zj/ kf} 8] n, b+uLz/0f ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf eflu/fd rf} w/L, zflGtgu/ ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf sdfgl;+x 8f“uL, a+unfr'nL ufp“kflnsfsf cWoIf eQmaxfb'/ cf] nLnufotn] af] Ng'ePsf] lyof] . a} 7sn] vfg] kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sf] if ljsf; ;ldltdfkm{t vfg] kfgL of] hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu ;a} :yfgLo txaf6 cfPsf of] hgfx?nfO{ l;kmfl/; u/L k7fpg] lg0f{o u/] sf] 5 . o:t} lhNnfsf gbL tyf vf] nfhGo kbfy{x?sf] plrt Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfO{O{O{ ug{ ;a} ufkf / gkfnfO{ :yfg klxrfg u/L k7fpg] / cfO{O{O{ ug{ nfUg] ah] 6;d] t lh;;df k7fpg] lg0f{o u/] sf] 5 .

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@)&$ ;fn sflt{s & ut] d+unjf/

(Oct. 24, 2017)

www.nayayougbodh.com

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g]kfndf dfgjsf] pb\ej / ljsf;;DaGwL lrGtg k/Dk/f k"j{/fhfsf] xtf; dfgl;stf cfd g] kfnL hgtf ltxf/sf] /demddf /dfO/x]sf] a]nf k"j{/ fhf 1fg] Gb zfxn] cfkm"n] lhDd] jf/L lng] a] nf cfPsf] bfaL u/] sf 5g\ .

1fg] Gbsf] of] kl5Nnf] egfOnfO{ /fhgLlts a[Qdf Tolt w] / } dxTj lbPsf] kfOPg . k6s–k6s 1fg] Gb zfxn] o;vfnsf cleJolQmx? lbg'sf k5fl8 s] xL sf/0fx? x'g ;S5g\ . o:tf cleJolQmx? pgn] cfkm\gf] a[l4 ljj] sn] eGbf ;Lldt :jb] zL tyf ljb] zL kltlqmofjfbLx? / wfld{s k08fx?sf] pS;fx6df lbPsf] a'em\g ;lsG5 . g] kfndf l5§} u0ftGq cfpg'sf] Pp6f sf/0f pgs} s'a[l4 klg Ps xf] . pgsf] a'l4 Ps bzskl5 klg cem} ;kg ;s] sf] /x] g5 eGg] s'/ fsf] kdf0f g} kl5Nnf] cleJolQm xf] . u0ftGq :yfkgf ePsf] Ps bzsotf d'n'ssf /fhgLlts bn / g] t[Tj ;kmn eof] eg] / bfaL ug] { 7fpF 5} g . t/ hgtfn] yf] / } g} lsg gxf] ;\ cfzfsf ls/0fx? b] v] sf 5g\ . ljutsf] s] lGbs[t /fHok0ffnL ljs] lGbt x'Fb} 5 / ufdL0f tx;Dd hgtfn] clwsf/ kfpg] klqmof z'? eO;s] sf] 5 . ljsf; ah] 6 ufpFtx;Dd k'Ub} 5 / u0ftGqsf h/fx? lj:tfl/t eO/x] sf 5g\ . clxn] x'g uO/x] sf] kb] z / ;+3sf] lgjf{rgn] ;+3Lo nf] stflGqs u0ftGqsf] jf:tljs cEof; u/fpg ;Sg'k5{ . u0ftGq cfP klg g] kfnL /fhgLltdf stf–stf u0ftflGqs r] tgf / ;+: s[ltsf] ljsf; x'g g;s] sf] dx;'; x'G5 . nf] stGqdf s'g} bn c;kmn x'Fb} df l;+uf] k0ffnL g} c;kmn eGg ldNb} g . To;} n] /fhfn] cfkm" ;lqmo x'g] a] nf cfPsf] s'/ f ug'{ ldYof ed dfq xf] . k"j{/ fhf 1fg] Gbn] k'/ fg} j+zf0f'ut /fhtGq k'g:yf{kgf x'g] cfzf u/] sf x'g\ eg] Tof] ;+efjgf k"/ } 6l/;s] sf] 5 . sdn yfkfx?sf] xljut b] v] kl5 pgn] of] s'/ f a'em\g'kg] { xf] . t/ nf] stGqdf hgdtsf] slt dxTj 5 eGg] s'/ fnfO{ pgn] /fd/L a'em\g ;s] sf /x] g5g\ . of] a'em\g ;s] sf] eP o; ksf/sf] p6\k6\ofª s'/ f ug] { lyPgg\ . hgtfsf] af] Ng] , n] Vg] , ;ef, ;+u7g ug] { ;a} clwsf/ l5g] / lxhf] h;/L /fh;+: yfn] Ps5q zf;g u¥of] , pgL ToxL WofpGgdf 5g\ eg] pgLeGbf cNk1fgL JolQm sf] xL x'g ;Sb} g, afns dfq x'g ;Snf . gful/s eO;s] sf k"j{/ fhfn] a] nf–s'a] nf o:tf s'/ f u/] / rrf{df cfpg] sfd aGb ug'{k5{ . o;n] pgsf] lxt ub} {g . k"j{/ fhf 1fg] Gb zfxdf /fhgLlts dxTjfsf+Iff 5 eg] pgL Pp6f gful/ssf] x} l;otdf ;lqmo x'g ;S5g\ . jt{dfg ;+ljwfgn] pgsf] Tof] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt u/] sf] 5 . pgL /fhgLlts bn vf] n] / , r'gfjdf pDd] bjf/ ag] / d'n'ssf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/;DkGg :yfgdf k'Ug ;S5g\ . o;sf nflu pgn] hgtfsf] dt kfpg ;Sg'k5{, ljZjf; cfh{g ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . Tof] af6f] df nfUg pgnfO{ s;} n] lgif] w u/] sf] 5} g . pgn] cfkm"nfO{ r6s] jf hfb"u/sf] ?kdf x} g, lhDd] jf/ gful/ssf] ?kdf k:t't ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . k"jf{/ fhf 1fg] Gbdf /fhgLlts eGbf Jofkfl/s rl/q a9L 5 . pgdf /fhgLlts dxTjfsf+Iff 5 t/ To;vfnsf] ;+: sf/ / b"/ b[li6 laNs'n} b] lvGg . b/jf/ xTofsf08kl5 d'n'sdf u0ftflGqs r] tgf w] / } lj:tfl/t eO;s] sf] lyof] . t/ 1fg] Gb ;+ljwfgsf] ;Ldfleq a:g ;s] sf] eP, u0ftGq s] xL ;do k/ ws] lng ;SYof] . ca Ps bzskl5 lhDd] jf/L lng] s'/ f ug'{ cf} lrToxLg 5 . of] pS;fx6 / aa{/ fx6 dfq xf] . To;} n] xf] nf, ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bn / gful/s ;d'bfon] o;nfO{ vf;} dxTj lbPgg\ . h] xf] ;, pgsf] cleJolQm cfklQhgs 5 . of] xtf; dfgl;stfsf] pkh xf] .

s;n] s] eg] < g] tfx? Joj:yfkgb] lv s] xL ;fgf ;d:ofx? 5nkmnaf6 ;f“3'l/b} uPsfn] kf6L{ PsLs/0f x'G5 . clxn] r'gfjL u7aGwg dfq geP/ kf6L{ PsLs/0fsf] sfd z'? ePsf] 5 .

– kbLk 1jfnL -g] skf Pdfn] sf ;lrj_ pxf“ -afa'/fd e§/fO{_ n]] dfcf] jfbL kf6L{df w]/} ;do /x] / 7"nf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'eof] . To;kl5 gof“ zlQm agfpg'eof] . pk] Gb ofbjsf] kf6L{;“u tfnd] n ug'{eof] . x'“bfx“'bf d;fn;Dd klg k'Ug'eof] . klxn] jfd u7aGwg clxn] km] l/ sf+u] ;;“u tfnd] n ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxf“sf] ka[lQ oxLaf6 ki6 x'G5 – Gff/fo0fsfhL >] i7 -dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf g] tf_ d]/f] 5f] /fsf] /fhgLlt;“u s'g} ;fOgf] lyPg . dw] z clwsf/sf] gfddf ePsf] bzs nfdf] cfGbf] ngdf dfl/Psf w] / } o'jfsf] /fhgLlt;“u ;fOgf] lyPg . dw] zL g] tfx?n] u/] sf] cfGbf] ngn] lgDTofPsf] le8Gtn] d} n] sflan 5f] / f u'dfpg k'u]+ . of] cjlwdf d h:tf s/La 8] 9 ;o lktfn] 5f] / f u'dfPsf 5g\ . h] dfu /fv] / cfGbf] ng ul/Psf] lyof] Tof] k"/ f t ePg . slxn] ;Dd lgbf] {ifsf] aln r9fP/ /fhgLlts bfp ;flw/xg] < alnbfgsf] /fhgLlt w] / } eof] .

– nId0f d] xtf -zxLb ;~hg d] xtfsf a'jf, /fhlj/fh gkf_ RofltPsf sk8f nufPdf 5'btf, b'i6tf, bl/btftkm{ pGd'v u/fp“5 . o:tf JolQmn] hlt sdfp“5g\ plt gf] S;fg ub} { hfG5g\ . Iflt / vtL a9L x'G5 .

– 8f= b08kfl0f pkfWofo cof{n -g] kfn Hof] ltif kl/ifb\sf s] GbLo ;Nnfxsf/_

cl3Nnf] c+sdf j} 1flgsx?n] /fdg/jfg/ (Ramapithecus) / blIf0fL g/jfg/ (Austrolopithecus) aLr x/fPsf] n'Kt >+[vnf kQf nufpg] r] i6f u/] sf 5g\ eg] / pNn] v ul/of] . cfheGbf Ps s/f] 8 $) nfv jif{ cl3 jfg/af6 /fdg/jfg/ ljsf; eof] eg] ^) nfv jif{cl3 /fdg/jfg/af6 blIf0fL g/jfg/sf] ljsf; x'g k'Uof] . of] g/jfg/ eg] s'kf] eP/ lx“8g l;ls;s] sf] lyof] . /fdg/jfg/nfO{ jfg/ / dflg;jLrsf] n'Kt >[+vnf hLj dfgL dfgjsf k'vf{sf ;a} eGbf ;Defljt hLj dflgPsf] 5 . of] jfg/nfO{ cf] l/oG6n khfltsf] dflgG5 . dfgjzf:qLo b[li6n] dfgjsf] zf/Ll/s cfs[lt, >d / pTkfbgsf] ks[ltsf] cfwf/df dfgjfg' u'0f (Homonid) kl/jf/nfO{ d'VotM b'O{ ju{df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf] ju{df dfgjeGbf cl3Nnf] >[+vnfsf blIf0fL g/jfg/nfO{ lnOPsf] 5 eg] bf] ;f] ju{df klxn] s} pk;d"x dfgL dfgjsf ;a} >[+vnfx?nfO{ lnOPsf] 5 . dfgjsf] >[+vnfdf 7f8f] pleP/ lx“8\g] k'8\s] dfgj (Homo Erectus), cfkm\g} xftn] pTkfbg ug{ ;dy{ dfgj (Homo Habilus), lbdfun] dfq} sfd ug] { d] wfjL dfgj (Homo Sapiens) / gof‘ s'/ fsf] vf] h ug{ ;Sg] pRr ljsl;t dfgjnfO{ g} cfhsf] ljsl;t dfgjsf] k'vf{ dfGg ;lsG5 . k[YjL h;/L qmdzM lrl;b} uO/x] sf] 5 ToxL cg'?k ;+;f/df ljleGg ksf/sf hLjx?sf] pTklQ x'“b} uPsf] 5 . o'/ f] kdf &))–^)) O{=k"= O;fO{x?n] dfGg] u/] sf] k/d] Zj/ Oz' hGdg' eGbf cl3b] lv dfgjsf] ;[li6 b} jL rdTsf/ geO{ ks[lts} pkh xf] eGg] wf/0ff ks6 u/] sf] kfOG5 . kl5 hd{gL, ?;nufot ljZj dfglrqsf] k"jL{ efudf ;d] t o;sf] kefj k/] sf] kfOG5 . ef/tdf klg o; lsl;dsf] ef} ltsjfbL lrGtg a[x:kltåf/f z'? ul/of] . kl5 ef/tLo lrGtg wf/fdf cflbd ef} ltsjfbsf] ?kdf hflgg] rfjf{s dt jf nf] sfot dtsf] ?kdf oxL dt kl;¢ x'g uof] . rfjf{s lrGtgwf/f cg';f/ ;Dk"0f{ ljZj– ax\df08 / hLjhut kbfy{s} pkh x'g\ eGg] wf/0ff /x] sf] kfOG5 . o;cl3 cfbz{jfbLx?åf/f /lrPsf] egL dflgg] j] b / k'/ f0fx?df klg ef} ltsjfbL kefj jf cfef; kz:t kfOG5 . ljZjdf vf;u/L c7f/f} + ztfAbLb] lv o'/ f] kdf rn] sf] k'ghf{u/0f cleofgn] ef/tdf wfld{s / ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf ?kdf cfo{ ;dfhsf] cfGbf] ngnfO{ kefj kf/] sf] kfOG5 . ;j{kyd ;f] xf+} ztfAbL;Dd

g] kfndf klxnf] k6s @))^ ;fndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgf ePb] lv dfS;{jfbL lrGtsx?åf/f ef} ltsjfbL b[li6sf] 0faf/] ;fdfGo lrGtgsf] sfo{ kf/De ePsf] dflgG5 . ef} ltsjfbL lrGtgdf dnhn k'¥ofpg] sfd ;g\ !(!& sf] ?;L qmflGt, ;g\ !($& sf] ef/tsf] :jtGqtf cleofg / ;g\ !($( sf] lrlgof qmflGtn] u¥of] . o;af6 g] kfnsf] r] tgzLn ;d'bfodf kg{ uPsf] j} 1flgs lrGtgsf] kefjn] g] kfndf ef} ltsjfbL / dfS;{jfbL lrGtgdfly kz:t kefj kf¥of] / oxf“F dfS;{jfbL ;+u7g :yfkgf x'g k'Uof] .

u dx]z rf}w/L jflggL, xfj] {, PlG8«ofh cflbn] kz' / dfgjaLrsf] ;fd~h:otf / leGgtf 5'6\ofPsf lyP . kl5 o;} cfwf/df Sof/f] n;\ lngfPp;\, hh{ km'l/o/, rfN;{ nfon cflbsf cg';Gwfgaf6 dfgj / kz' ju{ Ps} ju{sf eP klg dfgj g/jfg/ (Anthropoid) eGbf leGg / ljz] if ksf/sf] hLj xf] eGg] wf/0ff kf/De ePsf] kfOG5 . a] nfotsf hLjzf:qL rfN;{ 8fla{g -;g\ !*)(–!**@_ n] cfkm"eGbf cl3sf sfj{hg] e, r] lg{;] e:sL, hf] nfdfs cflbsf cjwf/0ff cWoog u/] . pgn] ;+;f/sf ljleGg s'gfaf6 ;+ux ul/Psf k'/ ftTj, k'/ f;Tj (Palaeonthology), cl:y cjz] ifsf] cg';Gwfg / cWoogaf6 jfg/af6} ljleGg r/0faf6 u'hb} dfgjsf] ljsf; ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/ f 7f] s'jf ul/lbP . cfh oxL ljsf;jfbL wf/0ff ;j{dfGo l;¢fGt ag] sf] 5 . x'g t 8fla{geGbf klxn] ^)) O{=k"= rLgsf hLjzf:qL T;f] T;f] (Tso Tso) sf] ljrf/ ;a} hLjsf] pTklQ Pp6} hfltaf6 lj:tf/} – lj:tf/} lg/Gt/ / ljsf; x'“b} uPsf] xf] eGg] wf/0ff 8fla{geGbf klxn] T;f] T;f] n] ks6 u/] sf] eP klg efiff cyjf cGo sf/0fn] pgsf] ljrf/ cufl8 cfpg ;s] g . wfld{s lrGtg k/Dk/f cg';f/ g] kfndf hLjx?sf] pTklQaf/] ljleGg sfnv08df ljleGg wd{uGydf cleJoQm ePsf] kfOG5 . lxGb"x?sf] :sGb k'/ f0fcGtu{tsf] :j:yfgL atsyf / t} lQ/Lo Affx\d0f, ls/f“tx?sf] j] b dflgg] ls/f“t d'Gw'd, tfdfªx?sf] ufyf elgg] tDaf sOt] g / yf?x?sf] ufyf dflgg] u'?afas hndf} tL / cli6psL uLtdf ;[li6af/] j0f{g u/] sf] kfOG5 . g] kfndf lnR5jL zf;gsfnsf] pQ/f4{sfnsf] kf/Delt/ j} lbs wf/0ffsf] ljz] if krf/k;f/ ePsf] cg'dfg nufOG5 .

To;cl3 cgfo{ d"nsf dflgg] zlQm / z} j dt krlnt /x] sf] lyof] . dft[ b] jtf / lnË Pj+ of] gL k"hf cgfo{x?s} b] g xf] / ef/tdf ;d] t j} lbs afx\

d0fjfb eGbf klxn] o:t} krng /x] sf] kfOG5 . ef/tdf j} lbs afx\d0fjfblj?¢ IfqLx?n] rnfPsf] dflgg] pklgifb\ jf j] bfGtsf] :ki6 emns kfOG5 . uf} td a'¢eGbf cl3 *))–&)) O{=k"= slknsf] ;fª\Vo bz{g krngdf cfof] . g] kfndf pklgifbLo wf/0ff ^)) O{=k"= tfsf ljb] x jf hgsk'/ Onfsfdf kf~rfnaf6 cfPsf dflgg] of1jNSo / uu{ ClifsL 5f] / L ufuL{sf] j] bfGtjfb n] lvPsf] x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf /x] sf] 5 . j} lbs afx\d0fjfbsf lj?¢ nlIft af} ¢ Pj+ h} g bz{gsf] klg g] kfndf kefj k/] sf kdf0fx? kfOPsf 5g\ . g] kfndf dfgjzf:q;DaGwL cWoogsf] yfngL c7f/f} + ztfAbLsf] cGTotfsf g] kfn cfPsf O6flnog kfb/L, ofqL, Jofkf/Lx?åf/f ul/Psf] xf] / kl5 a] nfotL b"tfaf;sf sd{rf/Lx?åf/f of] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOof] . g] kfndf klxnf] k6s /f0ff lg/ª\s'z zf;glj?¢ /fli6«o hfu/0f cleofg oxf“sf r] tgzLn o'jfx?n] ef/tdf afnu+ufw/ ltns cflbn] rnfPsf] cleofgem} hgr] tgf hufpg /fli6«o ufyf uf} / jnfO{ ksfzdf Nofpg] sfd u/] sf lyP . pgLx?sf] p2] Zo lxdfnonfO{ ;[li6sf] d'xfg xf] eGg] s'/ fnfO{ krf/k;f/ ug{ vf] h] sf] cfz+sf JoQm ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf] wf/0ffsf] aLhf/f] k0f ;g\ !(*^ tfsf z'qm/fh zf:qLsf a'jf dfwj/fh hf] zLn] u/] sf lyP . ef/tdf krlnt ;'wf/jfbL cfGbf] ngsf] wfld{s ;'wf/jfbL ;+u7g cfo{ ;dfhsf] :yfkgf ;j{kyd kf] v/fdf :yfkgf ePb] lv g} g] kfndf o:tf] wf/0ff kan?kdf b] vf kg{ yfn] sf] xf] . g] kfnsf] lxdfno >[+vnfx?dWo] Pp6fsf] gfd nË'/ jfg/sf] gfdaf6 dxfnË'/ lxdfnosf] gfd /xg' pk/f] Qm wf/0ffnfO{ yk k'li6 u/] sf] 5 . g] kfndf klxnf] k6s @))^ ;fndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgf ePb] lv dfS;{jfbL lrGtsx?åf/f ef} ltsjfbL b[li6sf] 0faf/] ;fdfGo lrGtgsf] sfo{ kf/De ePsf] dflgG5 . ef} ltsjfbL

lrGtgdf dnhn k'¥ofpg] sfd ;g\ !(!& sf] ?;L qmflGt, ;g\ !($& sf] ef/tsf] :jtGqtf cleofg / ;g\ !($( sf] lrlgof qmflGtn] u¥of] . o;af6 g] kfnsf] r] tgzLn ;d'bfodf kg{ uPsf] j} 1flgs lrGtgsf] kefjn] g] kfndf ef} ltsjfbL / dfS;{jfbL lrGtgdfly kz:t kefj kf¥of] / oxf“ dfS;{jfbL ;+u7g :yfkgf x'g k'Uof] . dfgjzf:qsf] b[li6n] g] kfnsf dfS;{jfbLx?df ;g\ !(&$ ;Dd pNn] vgLo kefj k/] sf] lyPg . k] m8l/s P+u] N;sf] …jfg/ b] lv dfgj;Ddsf] ;ª\qmd0fdf >dsf] e"ldsfÚ / kl/jf/, lghL ;DklQ / /fHo;Qfsf] pTklQÚ sf] cWoog ug] { sfo{ g] kfnsf dfS;{jfbLx?åf/f eP klg dfgjzf:q / g] t[Tjzf:qsf] b[li6n] cWoog eg] x'g ;s] sf] lyPg . kl5 oxf“sf dfS;{jfbLx?n] j} 1flgs åGåfTds ef} ltsjfbnfO{ ;fdflhs w/ftndf ptfg] { sfd u/] . o;/L ;g\ !(^*–^( b] lv g] kfndf j} 1flgs k4lt cg';f/sf] cWoogsf] yfngL eO{ ;g\ !(*) b] lv otf dfq g] kfndf dfgjsf] pb\ej;DaGwL j} 1flgs lrGtgsf cfwf/df cWoogsf] kf/De ePsf] kfOG5 . g] kfndf kl;4 dfS;{jfbL lrGts k'iknfn >] i7 -;g\ !(@%–&*_ åf/f n] lvPsf] j} 1flgs lrGtg cg';f/ kfKt kdf0fsf cfwf/df g] kfnsf] gfd /x] sf] / dft[;QfTds ;dfhaf/] rrf{ ul/Psf] cksflzt k': ts Historical Survey of Nepal sf b'O{j6f c+z ksflzt ePkl5 o; cWoog If] qdf emg} kult ePsf] dflgG5 . To;kl5 ;g\ !(*!–*$ ;Dd g] kfnsf] Oltxf;sf] cg';Gwftf lg/Lz g] kfn, hgsnfn zdf{, /fdlgjf; kf08] , l8NnL/fh zdf{, b] j] Gbgfy ltjf/L, df] bgfy kl>t, cf] d u'?ª\, k/z'/ fd tfdfª, s] bf/ kwfg cflb g] kfnL cg';Gwfgstf{x? / cf/=aL=hf] zL, Pg=cf/= jghL{=, cf/=Pd= j] i6, h] G; d'Gy] , P=jfO=;] t] Gsf] , 6f] gL x] ug, u'8\?g sf] lj{g;cflb ljb] zLx?sf /rgfx? ksfzgdf cfPsf 5g\ . logLx?sf ksflzt /rgfx?n] g] kfndf dfgjsf] pb\ej / ljsf;sf ;DaGwdf j} 1flgs b[li6sf] 0f cufl8 ;fl/Psf] eP klg g] kfnsf] kfuOltxf;sf] yk cWoog ug] { / krf/k;f/ ug] { sfddf sdL sdhf] / L g} b] lvG5 . eljiodf g] kfnL ;dfh, ;+: s[lt, Oltxf; / ;Eotfsf] lgdf{tf o;} e"lddf hGd] sf e"ldk'qx?af6 ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/ fsf] k'li6 x'g af“sL g} 5 / o; sfo{df ;kmntf kfKt ug] { cfzf JoQm ug{ ;lsG5 .

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ag] sf] /f] 6L vfg] u/] sf /x] 5g\ . ef/tLo vfgfdf ;fu;AhLsf] dfqf kz:t kfOG5 . blIf0f ef/ts} s'/ f ubf{ Toxf“ rfdnaf6 ag] sf] O8nL, a8f / 8f] ;f Toxf“sf] d'Vo vfgf /x] 5 . pQ/L l5d] sL d'n's rLg / sf] l/of, leotgfd, hfkfg cflb b] zsf] vfgfdf rfdnsf] lx:;f sd t/ ds} , ux'“, sf] bf] , df5fdf;', kmnk"mn, c08f, ;d'bL hLj cflbsf] ld>0f w] / } kfOG5 . klZrdL d'n'ssf] vfgfdf ux'“af6 ag] sf kl/sf/sf] afx'Notf kfOG5 . t/ pgLx? kmnk"mn, df5fdf;', c08f, cfn', ds} , sf] bf] nufotsf vfBfGgsf] ldl>t kof] u ubf{ /x] 5g\ . ef/tLox?sf] t'ngfdf pQ/L d'n's / klZrdf d'n'sdf ;fu;AhLsf] kof] u ksfP/eGbf ;nfbsf] ?kdf sf“r} vfg] rng w] / } /x] 5 . 8] / L kf] 8S6 b"w, bxL, £o", cfO;lqmdsf] kof] u klZrdf d'n'sdf w] / } / ef/tdf klZrdsf] t'ngfdf cln sd / pQ/L d'n'sdf lgs} sd kof] u u/] sf] kfOG5 . g] kfnd} klg pQ/L efu lxdfnsf] glhs a:g] n] rfdnnfO{ d'Vo cfxf/ agfPgg\ . lsgls Toxf“ o;sf] ;xh pknJwtf lyPg . kxf8df ds} , sf] bf] , wfg ;a} n] plQs} :yfg kfP . t/ t/fO{df ;xh} pknJw x'g] ePsfn] rfdnsf] eftnfO{ dfq} vfgfsf] ?kdf a'lemof] . kxf8 / lxdfndf rfdn ;DkGg dflgg] kl/jf/df dfq} h'g{] ePsfn] ;Ddfgsf ;fy …wfgsf] eftÚ vfg k'Ug] kl/jf/ eg] / ;Demg] ul/of] . ;dudf g] kfnLsf] vfgfdf kf] if0fsf ;a} ;f] tsf] nueu kof] u x'g] u/] sf] eP klg Tof] ;Gt'lnt / cfjZos dfqfdf ePsf] kfO“b} g . ;“u;“u} ePsf] kf] if0fnfO{ klg ;+/ If0f u/] sf] kfO“b} g . To;} n] xfdLn] pd] / / sfd cg';f/ z/L/nfO{ rflxg] kof{Kt dfqfsf] kf] if0f vfgfaf6 kfO/x] sf] 5} gf} + jf w] / } kf] if0fo'Qm vfgf vfP/ clws kf] if0fsf] sf/0f klg c:j:Yo x'g] cj:yf 5f} + . of] ;a} xfdf] vfgfsf] k/Dk/f tyf ;+: sf/, ;fdflhs d"No / kf] if0f af/] sf] /fd/L hfgsf/L geP/ eO/x] sf] 5 .

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(Oct. 24, 2017)

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/f] if ks6 ug'{eof] . awzfnf ;kmf u/] / sfd u/F+} x} g eg] jwzfnf cGoq 6f9f /fv] / To; 7fp“df t/sf/L jhf/ /fVg ;lsg] v8\sfsf] ;'emfj lyof] . v8\sf / u+uf t kltlglw dfq x'g\ t'n;LKf'/ a;kfs{ j/k/ a;] / jf klZRfd hfg] xhf/f} + ofq'x? b} lgs awzfnfaf6 cfpg] uGwsf] lzsf/ x'g] u/] sf 5g . To;f] t awzfnfaf6 #) ld6/ blIf0ftkm{ /x] sf] t'n;LKf'/ sf] a;kfs{df sfd ug] { sd{rf/L;d] t awzfnfaf6 cfpg] uGwaf6 x} / fg ePsf 5g . /fKtL a; Joj;foL ;ldltsf sd{rf/L r] tg k'g a;kfs{ sfpG6/df a;] sf] ;dodf cfpg] uGwn] sd{rf/L dfq geO{ a;kfs{df cfpg] ofq'x? klg x} / fg x'g] u/] sf] atfpg'eof] . otf t'n;LKf'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf kd'v 3gZofd kf08] n] af6f] df /fv] sf 7] nfaf6 6«] S6/ ;ldltn] k} ;f p7fpg' u} / sfg'gL ePsf] atfpg' eof] . hyfefjL?kdf k} ;f p7fpg gkfOg] atfp“b} gu/ kd'v kf08] n] k} : ff a'em] sf] /l;b ePdf pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] lkmtf{

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lyof] . t/ a'6jn n} hf“b} ubf{ afnssf] af6f] d} d[To' ePsf] xf] . k"j{af6 klZrdtkm{ uO/x] sf] e] % k @!$* gDa/sf] df] 6/;fOsn / ;f] xL lbzftkm{ uO/x] sf] /f ! k ^)^ gDa/sf] df] 6/;fOsn Ps cfk;df 7f] lSsbf k} bn lx“l8/x] sf afns 3fOt] ePsf lyP . o;} u/L /fKtL ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= # d;'l/of lgjf;L @) jifL{o czf] s s'dfnsf] kfgLdf 8'a] / d[To' ePsf] 5 . /fKtL gbLsf] kfgLdf 8'a] sf] cj:yfdf s'dfnsf] zj e] l6Psf] lyof] . o;} u/L ;f] xL 7fp“ lgjf;L #& jifL{o nLnfaxfb'/ rf} w/Lsf] 3/sf] 5taf6 v;] / d[To' ePsf] 5 . rf8 kj{sf] ;dodf b] pv'/ Ldf b'O{hgfn] cfTd xTof u/] sf] kx/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . ndxL

gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ! ;'G8j/L lgjf;L #% jifL{of kfj{tL s'dfnn] ljif ;] jg u/] / / ndxL gu/kflnsf j8f g+= # jgufp“ lgjf;L #% jifL{o /fdk;fb rf} w/Ln] em'l08P/ cfTdxTof u/] sf] Onfsf kx/L sfof{no u9jfn] hgfPsf] 5 . u9jf ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= & 3f] / fxfdf em'l08P/ rf} w/Ln] cfTdxTof u/] sf] kx/Ln] atfPsf] 5 . ljutdf eGbf o; jif{sf] ltxf/ kj{df k6fvf k8\sfpg] sfddf sdL cfPsf] , h'jf, tf; / sf} 8f v] Ng] sfo{ Go"g ePsf] tyf dfbskbfy{ ;] jg u/L em} emu8f / xf] xNnf ug] { sfo{df Go"gLs/0fsf ;fy} cfk/flws sfo{df sdL cfPsf] Onfsf kx/L sfof{no efn'afªsf lg/LIfs /ljGb v8\sfn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

u/fOlbg] klta4tf hgfpg'ePsf] 5 . awzfnf ;fg] { ljsNk t'n;LKf'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] ahf/glhs} /x] sf] awzfnf cGoq ;f/] / To; 7fp“df df;' laqmL sIfsf] ?Kfdf cufl8 n} hfg ;lsg] ljsNk ;d] t cufl8 ;f/] sf] 5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf kd'v 3gZofd kf08] n] To; 7fp“df a;] / sfd ug] { afl;Gbfx?n] awzfnfaf6 cfpg] uGwsf sf/0f si6 a] x] f/] sf] cg'ej cfkm"n] ;d] t u/] sf] x'“bf To;sf] ljsNk ;f] lr;s] sf] atfpg'eof] . …xfdLn] klxnf] ljsNksf ?kdf awzfnfsf] ;/;kmfOnfO{ cufl8 ;f/] / b'u{Gw sd ug{ ;lsg] cfzf u/] sf 5f+} . To;af6 klg sfd gePdf awzfnf g} ;fg'{kg] { x'G5 . Tof] 7fp“df df;' laqmL s] Gb /fVg ;lsg] pxf“sf] wf/0ff lyof] . ;/;kmfOdf Wofg glbPsf] x“'bf To:tf] cj:yf cfPsf] atfp“b} tTsfn ;/;kmfOdf Wofg lbg lgb] {zg lbg] gdfg] df To;} cg';f/ sfd ug] { ;f] rdf pkdxfgu/kflnsf /x] sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

g] kfn nf] stflGqs du/ ;+3 u7g 3f] / fxL, ^ sflt{s -o';_– aaO{ ufp“kflnsf:t/Lo g] kfn nf] stflGqs du/ ;+3 u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] djf/ ePsf] e] nfn] aaO{ ufp“kflnsf:t/Lo ;ldlt u7g u/] sf] 5 . h;sf] cWoIfdf k"0f{axfb'/ df:s] du/, pkfWoIfdf OGbnfn vfDrf du/, ;lrjdf OGb axfb'/ af“7f du/ / sf] iffWoIfdf k"hf /f] sf du/ /xg'ePsf] 5 . To:t} ;b:ox?df wd{axfb'/ sf] 6L du/, lgd{n k'g du/, bnaxfb'/ ljZjf du/, d+un 3tL{ du/, ldgfuodf du/, efjgf ufxf du/, v'daxfb'/ df:s] du/, eflu;/ ljZjf, s'naxfb'/ ;'gf/L du/, 6Lsf/fd af7f du/ u/L !% ;b:oLo ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ;+3sf ;+of] hs k"0f{axfb'/ df:s] du/ tyf hghflt cflbaf;Lsf lhNnf O~rfh{ Pj+ g] skf Pdfn] bfªsf ;lrjfno ;b:o k] daxfb'/ yfkf du/sf] kd'v cfltYotfdf sfo{qmd ePsf] lyof] .

cfhsf] /fzLkmn g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb\ @)&$.)&.)& ut] d+unjf/ sflt{s z'Sn kIf, ltly k~rdL, gIfq Ho]i7f cfh bfªsf] ;"of] {bo )^M@%M)$, ;"of{: t ^M$)M)$

lhNnf zfvf, bfª Hof] = e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8] df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%!

d] if -r",r] ,rf] ,nf,nL,n",n] ,nf] ,c_ M wfld{s tyf k/f]ksf/ tkm{ Wofg hfg'sf ;fy} l;h{gfTds sfo{af6 ;Gt'i6L ldNg]5 . ;f“em kl/jf/df /dfOnf] x'g]5 .

t'nf -/f,/L,?,/ ] ,/f] ,tf,tL,t",t] _ M Voflt, s[lt / cfly{s kflKt /fdf] /xg]5 . e]63f6 / d]jf ldi7fGg kflKt x'g ;Sg]5g\ . ljlzi6 JolQm;“u ;Dks{ x'g]5 .

j[if -O{,pm,P,cf] ,jf,lj,j",j] ,jf] _ M cfh tkfO“sf] nflu ofqfsf] ;Defjgf /xg ;Sg]5 . lbg pQ/fw{b]lv klts"n aGg]5 . lrGtf 56\k6L a]r}gL a9\g ;Sg]5 .

j[lZrs -tf] ,gf,gL,g",g] ,gf] ,of,oL,o"_ M kfl/jfl/s ;xof]u / ;b\efj Pj+ :jflbi6 ef]hg ;'v kfKt ul/g]5 . cfly{s kIf / k]zf Joj;fodf ;kmntf /xg]5 .

ldy'g -sf,sL,s",3,ª,5,s] ,sf] ,x_ M k]zf Jofj;fo / pBf]ux?af6 nfe x'g]5 . cfgGb kfKt ug]{ cj;/ h'6\g]5 . sfo{ If]qdf r'gf}lt /x] klg kl/0ffd kfKt ul/g]5 .

wg' -o] ,of] ,ef,eL,e",w,kmf,9f,e] _M cfh tkfO“nfO{ n]gb]g ljjfbsf] ;Defjgf /xg ;Sg]5 . cfly{s ;+s6 6fg{ ;lsg] af6f / pkfox? b]vf kg{ ;Sg]5g\ .

ss{6 -xL,x",x] ,xf] ,8f,8L,8",8] ,8f] _ M af}l4s pGgltsf nflu nufgL a9fp“bf /fdf] x'g5] . ;Gtltx?sf ;d:oftkm{ s]lGbt eOg]5 . ;xof]uLn] xft lemSg]5g\ .

ds/ -ef] ,hf,hL,h",h] ,hf] ,vf,vL,v",v] ,vf] ,uf,uL_ M 3/kl/jf/ / ;Gtfgsf] lhDd]jf/L a9\g ;Sg]5 . /fhg}lts If]qaf6 nfe lng ;lsg]5 . lbgsf] pQ/fw{ klts"n /xg]5 .

l;+x -df,dL,d",d] ,df] ,6f,6L,6",6] _ M cleefjs ju{af6 ;'emfj / cflzjf{b kfOg]5 . ;f]+r]sf sfd ;kmn x'g]5g\ . aGw'ju{ / l5d]sn] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5g\ .

s'De -u",u] ,uf] ,;,;L,;',;] ,;f] ,b_ M 7"nf a8fsf] cflzjf{bn] sfd ;DkGg x'g ;Sg]5 . cfkm\gf] If]qdf ke"Tj hdfpg / ;fdflhs If]qdf jr{:j /fVg ;lsg]5 .

sGof -6f] ,k,kL,k",if,0f,7,k] ,kf] _ M cfo cfDbfgL /fdf] /xg]5 . b}lgs sfo{x? ;xh 9+un] ;"rf? x'g]5g\ . lbgsf] pQ/fw{b]lv kfl/jfl/s ;d:of a9\g ;Sg]5 .

dLg -bL,b",y,em,~f,b] ,bf] ,rf,rL_ M bL3{sflng Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfly{s nufgL a9fp“bf /fdf] kl/0ffd kfKt x'g]5 . bz{g / cWofTddf ?lr a9\g]5 . * gd:t] z'e laxfgL oxf“x?sf] lbgrof{ ;'vb\ /xf];\. * lgGbf ysfO{sf] pQd cf}iflw xf]– ;e]{G6; .

CMYK

klZrd ?s'd, ^ sflt{s . cf;Gg d+l;/ !) ut] x'g] kltlglw;ef / kb] z;efsf nflu klZrd ?s'd / k"jL{ ?s'd b'O{j6} lhNnfdf pT;fxsf ;fy dgf] gog btf{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . klZrd ?s'd / k"jL{ ?s'dsf nflu b'a} lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfddf /x] sf] d'Vo lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{nodf dgf] gog btf{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . d+l;/ !) / @! ut] u/L b'O{ r/0fdf ug] { elgPsf] kltlglw;ef / kb] z;efsf] lgjf{rgdf klxnf] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgsf nfflu dgf] gog btf{ ;DkGg ePsf] d'Vo lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{non] hgfPsf 5g\ . klxnf] r/0fsf nflu to ePsf klZrd ?s'd / k"jL{ ?s'd b'O{j6} lhNnfsf] lgjf{rgdf g] kfnL sf+u] ;, g] skf Pdfn] –dfcf] jfbL s] Gb u7aGwgsf ;femf pDd] bjf/ tyf s] xL ;fgf bnsf pDd] bjf/n] dgf] gog btf{ u/fPsf 5g\ . b'a} lhNnfdf Ps÷Ps hgf kltlglw;efsf nflu w] / } sf] pDd] bjf/L k/] sf] atfOPsf] 5 . klZrd ?s'ddf Pshgf kltlglw;ef ;b:osf nflu 5 hgfn] dgf] gog btf{ u/fPsf 5g\ . h;df g] skf Pdfn] / dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf tkm{af6 ;femf pDd] bjf/sf] ?kdf hgfb{g zdf{n] / g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf tkm{af6 uf] kfnhL h+u zfxn] dgf] gog btf{ u/fpg'ePsf] 5 . To;} u/L /fli6«o hgdf] rf{sf] tkm{af6 v8\ul;+x v8\sf, gof“ zlQm g] kfnsf] tkm{af6 z?0f af“7f du/, ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf] / dsf] tkm{af6 hutaxfb'/ rGb / g] kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfn] _ sf] tkm{af6 snaxfb'/ gfyn] dgf] gog btf{ u/fpg'ePsf] 5 . b'O{hgf kb] z;ef ;b:osf nflu klg cfjZos eGbf a9L g} pDd] bjf/L k/] sf] d'Vo lgjf{rg clws[t sfhLaxfb'/ /fO{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ kb] z;efsf nflu klZrd

lhtdfg k'g, kb]z;efsf nflu lgjf{rg If]q g+= ! af6 /flvdfg 3tL{ / @ af6 k"0f{hu+ l;+xsf] pDd]bjf/L btf{ ePsf] 5 .

Pshgf kltlglw;ef / b'Ohgf kb] z;efsf nflu olt w] / } n] dgf] gog btf{ ug'{ / dgf] gog btf{sf] ;dodf g] tf sfo{stf{sf] o:tf] pT;fxn] hgkltlglw r'Gg ;a} cft'/ 5g\ eGg] k'li6 ePsf] 5 . /fli6«o hgdf] rf{, ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf] / d / gof“ zlQm g] kfnaf6 klg dgf] gog btf{ u/fP klg b'O{j6} lhNnfdf d'Vo bn g] kfnL sf+u] ; / g] skf Pdfn] / dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf] u7aGwgaLr g} klt:kwf{ x'g] b] lvG5 . o;} aLr kltlglw;ef tyf kb] z;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg @)&$ sf] l;nl;nfdf cfufdL d+l;/ !) ut] klxnf] r/0fdf k/] sf] klZrd ?s'dsf] lgjf{rg ;Gbe{df ;f] djf/ ;b/d'sfd d';Lsf] 6df ;j{bnLo tyf ;j{kIfLo a} 7s a;] sf] 5 . a} 7sn] lgjf{+rg :jR5, dof{lbt Pj+ zflGtk"0f{?kdf ;DkGg ug{ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngf ug] { lg0f{o u/] sf] 5 . a} 7sdf kd'v lhNnf clwsf/L a+zLs'df/ cfrfo{, lhNnfdf lqmofzLn ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?, kltlglw;ef ;b:osf pDd] bjf/x?, ;'/ Iff lgsfosf kd'vx?nufotsf] pkl:ylt lyof] . a} 7s d'Vo lgjf{rg clws[t Pj+ klZrd ?s'd lhNnf cbfntsf GofofwLz sfhLaxfb'/ /fO{sf] cWoIftfdf a;] sf] xf] . vfd du/ ;d'bfo c;Gt'i6, afuL pDd] bjf/L btf{

?s'd k"j{df dfcf] jfbLsf g] tfn] afuL pDd] bjf/L btf{ u/fPsf 5g\ . Pdfn] –dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf] u7aGwgcg';f/ ?s'd k"j{ dfcf] jfbLsf] efudf dfq} k/] sf] lyof] . pQm ;xdltcg';f/ Pdfn] g] tf;lxtsf] ¥ofnLkl5 dfcf] jfbLsf tLghgf g] tfn] kltlglw / kb] z;ef ;b:odf btf{ u/fP . pDd] bjf/L dfcf] jfbLaf6 sdnf /f] sfn] kltlglw;ef, t] haxfb'/ cf] nL / k"0f{axfb'/ 3tL{ du/n] qmdzM kb] z;efsf nflu pDd] bjf/L lbPsf 5g\ . tLg} hgf vfd du/ ;d'bfosf] gk/] kl5 dfcf] jfbLsf b'O{ g] tfn] kf6L{sf cflwsfl/s pDd] bjf/la?4 :jtGq pDd] bjf/L btf{ u/fPsf 5g\ . kltlglw;ef / kb] z;ef -s_ If] qsf nflu b'O{n] afuL pDd] bjf/L xfn] sf x'g\ . kltlglw;efdf t] h] Gb vfd du/ / kb] z;efsf nflu k'l0f/fh 3tL{ du/n] pDd] bjf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 . vfd du/ dfcf] jfbLsf] /fli6«o dxflwj] zg cfof] hs ;ldlt ;b:o x'g'x'G5 . kb] zdf pDd] bjf/L lbPsf 3tL{ du/ dfcf] jfbLsf] k'yfpQ/u+uf ufp“kflnsf cWoIf x'g'x'G5 . vfdsf] k:tfjsdf dfcf] jfbL lhNnf ;b:o lji0f' a'9f / ;dy{sdf jfO{l;Pnsf % gDa/ kb] z ;b:o adaxfb'/ a'9f /xg'ePsf] 5 . 3tL{ du/n] dxflwj] zg cfof] hs ;ldlt ;b:o xf] dksfz >] i7nfO{ k:tfjs / csf{ ;b:o ds/l;+x u'?ªnfO{ ;dy{s /fVg'ePsf] 5 .

;~rf/ dfWodn] lgikIf eO{ hgtfnfO{ ;sf/fTds pTk]/0ff lbg] vfnsf] tYok"0f{ ;"rgf / hfgsf/L lbg] vfnsf ;fduL ;Dk]if0f ug'{kb{5 .

An'a's x/fPsf] ;"rgf † d]/f] lgDg Joxf]/fsf] An'a's ldlt @)&$ c;f]h @* ut] n'xfdaf6 t'n;Lk'/tkm{ hf“Fb} ubf{ x/fPsf] x'“Fbf km]nf kfg'{x'g] dxfg'efjn] glhssf] kx/L sfof{no jf lgDg 7]ufgfdf ;Dks{ ul/lbg'xf]nf . gfd M t'n;L/fd ;'gf/ df]=;f= g+= M /f#k @*@) 7] ufgf M t'n;Lk'/– %, bfª ;Dks{ g+= M (*$&()(#&&

g] kfn ;/sf/ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

kfON;, lkm:6'nf / lkm;/sf] pkrf/ bfªd} ====

ljgf ck]zg kfON;, lkm:6'nfsf] pkrf/

s] tkfOF u'båf/;DaGwL ;d:ofx? h:t} – kfON;, lkm:6'nf, lkm;/, lb;f ubf{ /ut cfpg] , u'båf/df 3fp x'g] , lg/Gt/ lkk aUg] , df;' lgl:sPsf] h:tf] x'g] cflb ;d:ofx? 5g\ < cfo'j] b{ sf] ljlzi6 lrlsT;f k4lt /x] sf] Iff/;"q ljlwaf6 ;kmn lrlsT;f ub} { cfpg'ePsf cfo'j] b{ lrlsT;sx?åf/f pkrf/ ul/G5 . ;fy} bfª lhNnfd} klxnf] k6s xft, v'§f, 9f8 b'Vg] , o'l/s Pl;8, cfdjft, Kof/fnfOl;;, xft, v'§f n'nf] x'g] cflb /f] ux?sf] nflu k~rsd{ ljlwåf/f pkrf/ u/fOG5 .

Analizer ;lxtsf] Nofa tyf Kofyf] nf] hL kl/If0f ;] jf klg pknAw 5 . la/fdL r] shf“r x'g] ;do M laxfg & ah] b] lv ;fFem % ah] ;Dd ;Dks{ M g] r/ s] o/ ;fd'bflos c:ktfn h] ;L; /f] 8 3f] / fxL, bfª -o'uaf] w a;] sf] 3/ bf] ;f] tnf_ ;Dks{ g+= )*@–%^)^!%

-oxL c;f]h #) ut] ;f]djf/sf lbg_ wgjGt/L cfo'j] {b xl:k6n sf7df8f} +df nfdf] ;do;Dd sfo{/t / xfn dftf dgsfdgf cf/f]Uo s]Gb 3f]/fxLdf sfo{/t 8f= lk=s]= emfåf/f oxL c;f]h #) ut] sf lbg kfoN;, lkm:6'nf, lkm;/, Uofi6«Ls cN;/, xfO8«f]zLn nufot k]6 ;DaGwL k'/fgf hl6n /f]ux?sf] pkrf/ ul/g] x'Fbf o:tf ;d:of ePsf lj/fdLx?n] cuLd gfd btf{ u/fO{ cfkm\gf] /f] usf] k"0f{ lgbfg ug'{xf] ;\ .

gf] 6 M h] i7 gful/s ;] jf cGtu{t ^) jif{eGbf dflysf a[4a[4fx?sf nflu c:ktfsf] ;] jfdf %)Ü 5'6 .

!)) Ü glb yfx} O{

q kjn /]UdL

?s'd If] q g+= ! df g] skf Pdfn] / dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf tkm{af6 ;femf pDd] bjf/sf] ?kdf /ftf] sfdL, g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf tkm{af6 s[i0faxfb'/ /f] sfo, /fli6«o hgdf] rf{sf] tkm{af6 t'n] vqL / gof“ zlQm g] kfnsf] tkm{af6 8Da/ lai6n] dgf] gog btf{ u/fpg'ePsf] 5 . To;} u/L kb] z ;efsf nflu klZrd ?s'd If] q g+= @ df klg # hgfn] dgf] gog btf{ u/fPsf 5g\ . g] skf Pdfn] / dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf tkm{af6 ;femf pDd] bjf/sf] ?kdf uf] kfn zdf{, g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf tkm{af6 v8\uaxfb'/ 8f“uL / gof“ zlQm g] kfnsf] tkm{af6 k] ds'df/ cfrfo{n] dgf] gog btf{ u/fpg'ePsf] d'Vo lgjf{rg clws[t /fO{sf] egfO 5 . To;} u/L ?s'd k"j{af6 klg kltlglw;ef ;b:o / kb] z;ef ;b:osf nflu !! hgfsf] pDd] bjf/L k/] sf] 5 . kltlglw;efsf] Ps / kb] z;efsf] b'O{ u/L hDdf tLg kbsf nflu !! hgfsf] pDd] bjf/L btf{ ePsf] xf] . ?s'd k"j{af6 g] kfnL sf+u] ;, afd u7aGwg, /fli6«o hgdf] rf{ / gof“ zlQm kf6L{n] pDd] bjf/L btf{ u/fPsf 5g\ . g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf tkm{af6 kltlglw;ef ;b:osf nflu xl/z+s/ 3tL{sf] pDd] bjf/L btf{ ePsf] 5 . sf+u] ;n] kb] z;ef ;b:osf nflu lgjf{rg If] q g+= ! af6 b'ts'df/ k'g / @ af6 bQaxfb'/ a:g] tsf] pDd] bjf/L btf{ u/fPsf] 5 . afd u7aGwgsf tkm{af6 kltlglw;ef ;b:osf nflu dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf sdnf /f] sfsf] pDd] bjf/L dgf] gog btf{ ePsf] 5 . @ lgjf{rg If] q ePsf] ?s'd k"j{af6 kb] z;efsf nflu lgjf{rg If] q g+= ! af6 t] haxfb'/ cf] nL / lgjf{rg If] q g+= @ af6 k"0f{ 3tL{sf] pDd] bjf/L btf{ ePsf] 5 . To:t} /fli6«o hgdf] rf{af6 kltlglw;efsf nflu rGbaxfb'/ zfxL / kb] z;efsf nflu lgjf{rg If] q g+= ! af6 cgf/fd k'gsf] pDd] bjf/L k/] sf] 5 . gof“ zlQmaf6 kltlglw;efsf nflu

hf“8 /S;L

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/f] Nkf, ^ sflt{s . ;'Gb/ /f] Nkf ;d[4 /f] Nkfsf] klxnf] z'?jft hgkltlglwaf6 x'g nfu] sf] 5 . /f] Nkf6sf] klxnf] /f] Nkf gu/kflnsfcGtu{t j8f g+= @ lnafªdf kg] { 6'“l8v] nnfO{ uLgkfs{ agfpg hgkltlglwx?n] cleofg yfn] sf 5g\ . gu/ kd'v k"0f{ s] ;Ln] cfkm"n] 3f] if0ffkqdf klta4tf u/] cg';f/ klxnf] kof; ;'Gb/ gu/ agfpg] pb\3f] if ug'{eof] . /f] Nkf gu/kflnsfsf] of] hgfcg';f/ ca aGg] uLg kfs{sf] :j?k lgs} ;'Gb/ / cfsif{s x'g] 5 . o; jif{ 6'“l8v] n lj:tf/ cleofg yflnPsf] 5 . o; cfly{s jif{df @% nfvsf] nfutdf 6“'l8v] n la:tf/, d~r Joj:yfkg ul/g] /f] Nkf gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t sdfgl;+x yfkf du/n] atfpg'eof] . kTo] s jif{ ah] 6;“u} 6“'l8v] nsf] d'xf/ km] l/b} hfg] pxf“sf] egfO 5 . uLgkfs{leq ax'p2] zLo v] n

d} bfg, jl/kl/ xl/of ?v, a:gsf] nflu kfs{;lxtsf] dgf] / d :ynsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug] { of] hgfsf ;fy nfUg] /f] Nkf gu/ kd'v k"0f{ s] ;Ln] atfpg'eof] . s] ;L eGg'x'G5– …/f] Nkf gu/kflnsfnfO{ ;'Gb/ agfpg xfdLn] ;a} If] qaf6 ljsf;sf kf6fx?df lx“8] sf 5f} + . b] lvg] u/L 6'“l8v] n uLg kfs{sf] of] hgf / gu/kflnsfleq Pp6f Eo"6fj/sf] of] hgf cl3 ;f/] sf 5f} + .Ú s] ;Ln] /f] Nkfsf] ] d'6'sf] ?kdf lrlgg] 6'“l8v] nsf] :j?k km] g{sf nflu ljleGg ;/f] sf/jfnf lgsfox?;“usf] ;xsfo{sf] cfjZostf /x] sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . s/La !) jif{cl3 tTsfnLg lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt /f] Nkfn] 6“'l8v] nnfO{ uLgkfs{ agfpg] eGb} !@ cf} + lhNnf kl/ifb\af6 of] hgf kfl/t u/] sf] eP klg /fhgLlts lvrftfgLsf sf/0f uLgkfs{ lgdf{0fsf] of] hgf clxn] ;Dd klg cnkq aGb} cfPsf] lyof] . uLgkfs{ lgdf{0f of] hgf cl3 ;fb} { tTsfn 6'“l8v] n lj:tf/sf] of] hgf lgdf{0f ug{ u+ufnfn ;'gf/sf] cWoIftfdf /x] sf]

e}nf]sf] /sd ;fdflhs sfo{df vr{ ul/g] o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf t'n;Lk'/ , ^ sflt{s . lqmofzLn kqsf/x?n] v] n] sf] e} nf] af6 ;+sng ePsf] /sd ;fdflhs sfo{df nufOg] ePsf] 5 . t'n;Lk'/ df lqmofzLn kqsf/x?n] nf] k x“'b} uPsf] ltxf/sf] df} lnstf, ;+: s[lt, k/Dk/f / /Lltl/jfhnfO{ hu] gf{ ug{] p2] Zon] …;+: s[ltdf ;~rf/, e} nf] df kqsf/Úsf] gf/f lnP/ ltxf/df e} nf] v] n] sf lyP . tLg lbg;Dd v] lnPsf] e} nf] af6 ;+slnt /sdsf] s] xL kltzt ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf nflu ;fdflhs If] qdf vr{ ug{ nfluPsf] kqsf/ uf] kfn zdf{ e§/fO{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ e} nf] af6 (@ xhf/ ?k} of“ ;+sng ePsf] / o;af6 klxnf] r/0fdf s] xL /sd ;fdflhs If] qdf nufgL ug{ nfluPsf] xf] eg] s] xL /sd kqsf/sf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf nflu ;f+: s[lts tyf ko{6sLo kqsfl/tfsf] ljsf;df nufOg] ePsf] 5 . cfw'lgstfsf] ljsf;;“u} ltxf/df klg km/s ;+: sf/sf] ljsf; x'g yfn] kl5 To;sf]

;+/ If0fsf] nflu kqsf/x?n] ;Gb] z kjfx ug{] nIfn] b] p;L e} nf] sfo{qmd cfof] hgf u/] sf x'g\ . e} nf] df bfªsf lqmofzLn?kdf kqsfl/tf ul//x] sf b'O{ bh{g a9Lsf] ;xeflutf /x] sf] kqsf/ u0f] z cfrfo{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . o;} aLr ;~rf/ e} nf] sf] ;dLIff ul/Psf] 5 . kqsf/ ;'zLn a:g] tsf] cWoIftfdf a;] sf] lqmofzLn kqsf/x?sf] a} 7sn] kqsf/sf] e} nf] nfO{ ;xof] u ug{] ;a} df wGojfb 1fkg u/] sf] 5 . …xfdLnfO{ of] cleofgdf kToIf, ckToIf?kdf ;xof] u ug{] , e} nf] nfO{ k] 0ff lbg] , pT;fx yKg] ;a} df cfef/ JoQm ub{5f+} Ú– lg0f{odf elgPsf] 5 . a} 7sdf e} nf] n] k/Dk/f / ;+: s[ltsf] ;+/ If0fsf nflu e"ldsf lgjf{x u/] sf] / cfufdL lbgdf klg ;+: s[lt, /Lltl/jfh, k/Dk/f / ko{6gsf] ;+/ If0f, ljsf;sf nflu nfUg] lg0f{o u/] sf] 5 . lqmofzLn kqsf/x?n] cfof] hgf u/] sf] ut jif{sf] e} nf] af6 ;+slnt /sd ;fdflhs If] qdf / kqsf/sf] /fxt sf] ifdf hDdf ul/Psf] lyof] .

sfl/tf;n] ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng u/] sf] pNn] v ub} { s[lif pkhsf] ahf/Ls/0fdf klg Wofg lbg'kg] { atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf afnL ;+/ If0f clws[t kLtfDa/ a:g] t, Pdfn] bfªsf pkfWoIf x's'd a:g] t, s[lif SofDk;sf pkkfWofks dgf] h a:g] t, lj;L8Lsf hgs

rf} w/Lnufotn] cfw'lgs v] tL k0ffnLsf] kof] un] ls;fgsf] hLjg:t/ a9fpg] atfpg' eof] . /fdz/0f rf} w/Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf ljleGg s[lif;DaGwL ;Gb] z ;d] l6Psf uLt / g[To klg k:t't ul/Psf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f e'jgl;+x rf} w/Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

Kf;'tL tyf :qL /f]u ljz]if1 ;]jf ca bLkHof]tL c:ktfn bfª kf=ln= df nfdf] ;do b]lv ljleGg laz]if1 ;]jf lbb} cfO{/x]sf] o; bLk Hof]lt c:ktfn bfª kf=ln= df g]kfnu+h d]l8sn sn]hdf ;]jf lbb} cfpg' ePsf jl/i7 k;'tL tyf :qL /f]u ljz]if1 dlxnf 8f= cg'kdf zd{fåf/f b}lgs ?kdf ue{jlt tyf k;'lt r]s hfFr, ue{ t'O{g], cfª v:g], ;]tf] kfgL aUg], tNnf] k]6 b'Vg], 9f8 b'Vg], ;'/lIft ue{ktg, kf7]3/ tyf l8Daf;odf df;' knfPsf], kf7]3/sf] SofG;/, dlxgfjf/L u8a8L cflb ;d:ofsf] r]s hfFr tyf ck/]zg eO/x]sf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .

xfdf cGo ljz]if1 ;]jfx? l al/i7 lkmlhl;og 8f= ldgrGb clwsf/Låf/f dw'd]x tyf yfO/fO8, k]6, 5ftL, d'6' pRr /Qmrfk OTofbLsf] r]shfFr tyf pkrf/ . l al/i7 xf8hf]gL{ tyf gzf /f]u ljz]if1 8f= 3gZofd zdf{åf/f xft v'§f efFlRrPsf], Knfi6/ ug'kg]{, z/L/ emdemdfpg], b'Vg], ;'lGgg], ufF7fu'7L l;lNsg], jfy, o'l/s Pl;8, x8\8L lvOPsf], 9f8 sDd/ b'Vg] ;d:ofx? ePsf lj/fdLx?sf] r]shfFr tyf ck]zg . l al/i7 ;h{g 8f= ;'af]w uf}td / 8f= lbUljho ljqmd v8\sfåf/f b'/ljg ljlwaf6 lk;fj y}nL, lk;fj gnL], lkQy}nLsf] kTy/L / Pk]G8L;fO{l6;, xlg{of, xfO8«f];Ln, kfoN;, OToflbsf] ck]zg ;]jf . l al/i7 /]l8of]nf]lhi6 8f= cdl/z rf}w/L4f/f lel8of] PS;/] -USG_ k]6 3f6L, :tg / c08sf]if cflb ue{df /x]sf] aRrfsf] lj:t[t hfFr, PS;/], USG Doppler,I.V.U. / USG ;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ;Dk"0f{ hfFr . cGo ;]jfx? l rf}lj;} 306f Pd=lj=lj=P;= 8f= afr:klt ;'a]bLåf/f Odh{]G;L ;]jf . l l8nS; Sofljg ;lxtsf] egf{ ;]jf M l rf}lj;} 306f cTofw'lgs Nofa ;]jf M l rf}lj;}} 306f kmfd]{;L ;]jf M l rf}lj;}} 306f lkmlhof]y]/fkL ;]jf M l rf}lj;}} 306f PDa'n]G; ;]jf M gf]6 M kmf]gaf6 klg gfd btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

bLkHof]lt c:ktfn bfª kf=ln 3f]/fxL–!%,bfª

kmf]g g= )*@–%^!@((

pkef] Qmf ;ldltnfO{ lhDdf lbOPsf] 5 . xfn 6“'l8v] n lj:tf/ cleofg wdfwd cl3 al9/x] sf] 5 . :yfgLosf] nfdf] ktLIffkZrft ax'pkof] uL uLg kfs{ lgdf{0f sfo{ tLa?kdf cufl8 a9fOPsf] /f] Nkf gu/kflnsfsf kd'v s] ;Ln] atfpg'eof] . 6'“l8v] n Aojl:yt x'g] ePkl5 /f] Nkfsf ;/f] sf/jfnf lgsfox?, :yfgLox? lgs} xlif{t ePsf 5g\ . …;flxTosf/, kqsf/x?n] luHofpg] ynf] s} ?kdf /x] sf] 6'“l8v] nsf] d'xf/ lj:tf/} km] l/b} uPsf] 5Ú– :yfgLo sdn] z lai6n] eGg'eof] . gjlgjf{lrt hgkltlglwx?n] s] xL unf{g\ eGg] cfef; ePsf] :yfgLox? atfp“5g\ . o;;“u} gu/kflnsfsf] lnafª ahf/sf ljleGg :yfgdf 6'‘“l8v] nb] lv ;fQfn] vf] nf ahf/;Dd !! j6f a] s/ tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . ;jf/L ;fwg cTolws ultdf u'8\g yfn] kl5 x'g ;Sg] b'3{6gf /f] Sg …a] s/Ú lgdf{0f ul/Psf] /f] Nkf gu/kflnsfn] atfPsf] 5 .

zju[xdf c6\b}g zj q

bz/y l3ld/]

b] pv'/ L, ^ sflt{s . ndxL c:ktfnsf] k;"lt u[xglhs} Pssf] 7] ;fgf] ejg 5 . t/ lgs} ;f“3'/ f] 5 . ejgleq Pp6f :6] r/ 5 .

To;df /utsf] 6f6f nfu] sf] 5 . e'O“df Knfli6ssf] ;fgf] a6\6fdf le;] / f /flvPsf] 5 . d[uf} nf, sn] hf]sf] s] xL efu / k] 6leqsf] s] xL efu sf6] / Kofs u/] / /flvPsf] 5 . kx/L l/kf] 6{sf nflu yk k/LIf0f ug{ sf7df8f} + k7fpg] ul/Psf] 5 . zju[xdf uGw eufpg cu/aQL afNg] ul/Psf] 5 . of] sf] 7df b'O{j6f eGbf a9L zj c6\bg} g\ . Tof] eGbf a9L zj eof] eg] aflx/ /fVg'kg{] afWotf 5 . ndxL c:ktfndf /x] sf] zju[x ;f“3'/ f] x“'bf kf] i6df6{d ug{ c;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . kfylds :jf:Yo s] Gb x'“bf lgdf{0f ePsf] Pssf] 7] zju[x clxn] ;f“3'/ f] ePsf] xf] . b} lgsh;f] zj kf] i6 df6{dsf nflu ndxL c:ktfndf cfpg] u/] sf 5g\ . slxn] sfxL+ zjsf] ;+Vof a9L x“'bf /fVg ;d:of k/] sf] ndxL c:ktfnsf d] l8sn ;'kl/G6] 08] G6 8f= OZj/L vgfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

…;fdfGo Pp6f sf] 7f dfq 5, oxL sf] 7faf6 sfd rnfO/x] sf 5f} +Ú– vgfnn] eGg'eof] – …zju[xdf rflxg] cGo k"jf{wf/ / ;fduLsf] cefj 5 .Ú o; jif{ ndxL gu/kflnsfn] zju[x lgdf{0fsf nflu kf“r nfv ah] 6 ljlgof] hg u/] sf] 5 . kfylds :jf:Yo s] Gb x'“bf Pshgf PdljljP; 8fS6/ x'“bf zjsf] k/LIf0f ug{ ;fdfGo?kdf zju[x lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . zju[x ;'ljwfo'Qm x'g'k5{ t/ ndxL c:ktfnsf] zju[x ;'ljwfo'Qm 5} g . c:ktfndf kf] i6df6{d ug{ Nofpg] j] jfl/;] zj s] xL lbg ToxL ejgdf /flvbf ;8] / uGxfpg] u5{ . j/k/sf] jftfj/0f g} kb"lift x'g] u/] sf] 5 . …Pp6f zjeGbf a9L leq c6fp“b} g . kf] i6df6{d ug{ PseGbf a9L zj cfof] eg] kfnf] nufpg' kg{] x'G5Ú– vgfnn] eGg'eof] – …sf] 7fleq ;'ljwf klg w] / } 5} g . o;n] ubf{ w] / } lbg zj /fVg ;lsb} g .Ú Pp6f ;'ljwfo'Qm zju[x x'g lbgsf] ksfz l5g{] x'g'k5{ . kof{Kt j] 8, @$ ;} 306f kfgL cfpg] , cf} hf/x? x'g'kg{] , tflnd kfKt bIf ;xof] uL / lrlsT;s x'g'kg{] x'G5 .

lagf ck/]zg aaf;L/ c:ktfn

dx]zL, kfON; -Pails_, gf;"/ (Fistulla_ aaf;L/, euGb/, xfO8«f;] Ln, lkm;/, dnåf/df df;' knfPsf] , lb;f ubf{ /ut b]lkvPsf] /f]usf] ljgfck/]zg cf}iflwåf/f Uof/]G6Lsf ;fy pkrf/ ul/G5 .

+ 8f=kL= d08n +

7]ufgf M s[i0fgu/ af]8{/ ef/tLo eG;f/ ljefub]lv cufl8 df]8sf] 5]pFdf -/fh' zfxLsf] ;6/_ a9gL ;Dks{ M (*!!(*$@&)÷(*^#^%*#)) gf]6 M /f]u lgsf] geP k};f lkmtf{ .

sf]l/og efiffdf egf{ v'Nof] † b]pv'/L EofnLdf gofF Joj:yfkgsf ;fy cTofw'lgs dfWodaf6 bIf klzIfsx?af6 efiff sIff ;~rfng x'g] s'/f hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ . ljz]iftfx? M u'kdf cfpg]nfO{ != EPS-TOPIK / sf]l/og ljz]if 5'6 .

Jofs/0fsf] ljz]if cg'ej kfKt @= !) jif{ sf]l/ofdf a;]sf klzIfsaf6 efiff l;sfOg] . #= b]pv'/L EofnLdf klxnf] / ljZj;gLo . $= sIff 6]i6 / ;'gfO k9fO k/LIffx? k/LIffs} jftfj/0fdf gd"gf k/LIffx? ;fy} Audio/Video k0ffnLåf/f klg cEof; u/fOg] . %= sIff ;~rfng efb @% ut]b]lv x'g] hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .

hgtf 6]lSgsn OlG:6Ro'6 kf=ln= ndxL, bfª kmf]g g+= (*)(*)@)#^, (*%&*$)^^*

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(Oct. 24, 2017)

www.nayayougbodh.com

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af“emf] hUufdf dfx'/L M af“Femf] /x]sf vfnL hUUffdf dfx'/L /fv]/ l;Q}df sdfO x'g] ePsf] 5 . dfx'/Lsf nflu pko'Qm dflgPsf] 3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf–!* df ljleGg If]qdf dfx'/L /flvPsf 5g\ . Ps 3f/sf] krf; ?k}of“Fsf b/n] dfx'/L kfnsn] hUufwgLnfO{ ef8f lbg] ePkl5 l;Q}df sdfO x'g] ePsf] xf] . tl:j/ M uf]ljGb v8\sf

e}nf]df k+};]? cfsif{0f q

uf] ljGb v8\sf

3f] / fxL, ^ sflt{s . o'jf o'jtL uf] n3] / fdf 9NsL9NsL gflr/x] sf lyP . aLr–aLrdf x/// xf] xf] xf] P eGg] ;fd"lxs cfjfhn] /f} gstf yKYof] . jfBjfbgsf] tfndf cfkm\gf v'§f / z/L/sf] rfn ldnfO/x] sf lyP . of] b[Zo cgf} 7f] dfGg] x? w] / } lyP . ultdf uGtJolt/ x'O“lsPsf ;jf/L ;fwg klg 6Ss /f] lsGy] . s] xL a] / d': s'/ fp“b} x] / / cfkm\gf] af6f] nfUy] . j/k/ plePsfnfO{ of] s] gfr xf] eg] / lh1f;f /fVg] w] / } lyP . To;/L pT;'s agfpg] sf/0f lyof] uLtlagfsf] ;fd"lxs gfr . af“;'/ Lsf] ld7f] w'g, v+} h8Lsf] :j/, 8f} / L dfbnsf] tfn ;a} s'/ fx?df df} lnstf lyof] . :jo+;] jsn] uf] n 3] / fnfO{ Jojl:yt agfO/x] sf lyP . gfRg] x?sf] rfn klg lgs} ;': t Pj+ Pp6} / p:t} nfUg] lyof] . o'jf, o'jtL, kfsf dlxnf k'?if ;a} sf] rfn / tfn Pp6} lyof] . e/fsf] h:t} kmgSs} 3'Dg] , gfRb} a:g] / p7\g] ;dfg z} nLn] pd] / cj:yfdf s'g} km/s Nofp“b} gYof] . du/ kf] zfssf

o;/L x/] s ;fn v] n] sf] e} nf] af6 6f] n eg] ;d[4 eO;s] sf] 5 . vfg] ksfpg] ef“8fat{g h'6fPsf] cWoIf a'9fn] atfpg'eof] . gfrufgsf nflu bdfx, dfbnnufot ;a} afBjfbgsf ;fwg klg sdfO;s] sf] 5 . ksfO{ vfg] 8] SrL, s/fO{, aflN6gb] lv yfkL s6f} / f, vfg] yfnL rDdr h'6fPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ cfjZos kg] { ;a} lsl;dsf ;fdfg h'6fO;lsPsf] 5 . ck'u yKg] 5 .

3/3/} af6 rf/ kf“rhgf;Dd ;xefuL eP klg tflnd lnPsf eg] !% hgf hlt dfq} /x] sf] a'9fn] atfpg'eof] . c?n] gfRb} hf“bf l;s] sf lyP . cl3sf] tfndf kl5sf] gfRg] ePsfn] ;lhnf] 5 . p;sf] ult x] / ] / cfkm\gf] sbd rfNg] ePsfn] klg of] gfr gfRg l;Sg] w] / } eP . cu'jf h;/L ultljlw u5{ p:t} kl5sfn] u/] / Pp6} no agfpg'k5{ . z'?jft ug{ eg] lgs} sl7g ePsf] cWoIf a'9fn] atfpg'eof] . gfRg] / ahfpg] Pp6} JolQm ePkl5 ;d:of l;lh{of] . kljlwn] eg] xn u/] / ;lhnf] agfOlbof] . dfbn ahfPsf] /] s8{ ul/of] . To;nfO{ 8] udf ahfP/ gfRg

pgLx? cem cfsif{s nfUy] . pgLx?n] grfO/x] sf xft uf] 8fsf] rfnn] df] lxt kfb{Yof] . cToGt} df] xs, ld7f] / ;'l/nf] :j/sf afhf;lxtsf] w'gn] cfsif{0f ub{Yof] . o;/L gof“ gfrsf] z'?jft 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf–!$ ;u/dfyf6f] nn] u/] sf] xf] . 6f] n ljsf; ;+: Yffsf cWoIf nfnaxfb'/ a'9f du/sf cg';f/ Ps ;ftf nfdf] tflndkl5 dfq} rfn ldnfpg ;Dej ePsf] xf] . /f] Nkf kf5fjfªsf] /fosf6] sf a'9f pt} a:bfsf gfr / dfbnsf u'? x'g'x'G5 . nfdf] ;do cu'jf -u'?_ sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ePsf a'9f a;fO;/fOkl5 clxn] e"ldsfdf cfpg'eof] . kxf8df gflrg] gfrnfO{ bfªdf NofP/ :yflkt u/fpg ;kmn x'g'eof] . o;/L gflrPsf] gfr;lxtsf] e} nf] n] rf/ lbgdf Ps nfv a9L /sd ;+sng u/] sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .

Tof] /sdaf6 e} nf] v] Ng ;xefuLnfO{ dgf] / ~hg lbgsf nflu s] xL /sd ef] hdf ;lsg] 6f] nn] atfPsf] 5 . af“sL /sdaf6 6f] nnfO{ cfjZos kg] { ;fwg ;+sng ul/g] 5 .

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o; ljBfnosL ;xof] uL sfo{stf{ j;Gtf cfrfo{ s'jF/ sL ;f;'cfdf O{zj/Ls'df/L s'j“/ sf] @)&$ c;f] h @( ut] sf lbg *% jif{sf] pd] / df ePsf] b'Mvb lgwgn] ljBfno kl/jf/ ddf{xt ePsf] 5 . o; b'Mvsf] 38Ldf lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/zflGtsf] sfdgf ub} { zf] s;GtKt kl/jf/hgklt O{Zj/n] w} o{wf/0f ug] { zlQm kbfg u?g\ egL ulx/f] ;dj] bgf ks6 ub{5f} + .

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(Oct. 24, 2017)

www.nayayougbodh.com/ E-mail: yougbodh@gmail.com

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o; ufdL0f dlxnf pTyfg s]Gbsf] nflu s]xL sd{rf/Lx?sf] cfjZostf k/]sf]n] lgDglnlvt of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?af6 b/vf:t cfx\jfg ul/G5 . kbM lkmN8 ;xfos ;]jfM c:yfoL -kl/If0fsfn ^ dlxgf_ cfjZos ;+VofM * hgf z}lIfs of]UotfM dfGotfkfKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 Joj:yfkg ;'ljwfM ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ ;+sfodf ±@ jf ;f] ;/x k/LIffsf] lsl;dM lnlvt, df}lvs / kof]ufTds lgj]bg lbg] clGtd ldltM @)&$.)&.!# ut] sfof{no ;doleq cfj]bg z'NsM !)).– lgj]bgsf ;fy ;+nUg x'g'kg]{ sfuhftx?M –z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] kltlnkL ! klt –g]kfnL gful/stfsf] kltlnkL ! klt –cg'ej kdf0fkqsf] kltlnkL –kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] ! klt gf]6M sfdklt klta4, OdfGbf/, ;fOsn / df]6/;fOsn rnfpg hfGg]nfO{ kfyldstf lbOg]5 . ;Dks{ / lgj]bg a'emfpg] 7fp“M ufdL0f dlxnf pTyfg s]Gbsf] sfof{no, 3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf yf?uNnL, bfª

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b] pv'/ L, ^ sflt{s -o';_– slknj:t'sf] wfgvf] nfdf zlgjf/ /Flt c1ft ;d"xn] :sflk{of] uf8Ldf cfuhgL u/] sf] 5 . t'n;Lk'/ af6 rGbf} 6ftkm{ hf“b} u/] sf] af !) r !($# gDa/sf] :sflk{of] uf8Ldf slknj:t'sf] lzj/fh gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ! wfgvf] nf glhs a]n'sf s/La ;f9] ;ft ah] sf] ;dodf b'O{j6f kN;/ df] 6/;fOsndf cfPsf rf/hgf ckl/lrt

JolQmx¿n] PSsf;L uf8L /f] sL cfuhgL u/] sf] Onfsf kx/L sfof{no rGbf} 6fsf kx/L kd'v emlaGbk;fb e§/fO{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . cfuhgLaf6 t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= % lgjf;L jL/axfb'/ cf] nLsf] uf8L hn] / k"0f{¿kn] v/fgL ePsf] 5 . cfuhgL ug] { rf/} hgf cleo'Qm kxf/ /x] sf] / vf] hL sfo{ tyf cg';Gwfg klqmof tLa agfOPsf] Onfsf kx/L sfof{no rGbf} 6fn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

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la;{b} hfg yfn] kl5 g] kfnL k/Dk/fut df} lnstfnfO{ klZrd] nL ;+: sf/n] x/fp“b} nu] sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . ltxf/df ;} / ] n' / e} nf?n] b] p;L÷e} nf] df e6\ofpg] uLt, ahfOg] afhfx?, 3/–3/df /flvg] lemlnldnL ljB'tLo aQLn] ltxf/sf] df} lnstfnfO{ x/fOlbO;s] sf 5g\ . s] xL ;do klxn] b] p;L÷e} nf] df

lhNnfx?df gflrG5 . ltxf/ bfª;lxt /fKtLsf kxf8L lhNnf /f] Nkf, Ko'7fg, ;Nofg, ?s'ddf gflrg] ;/fof“ gfr …do'/ gfrÚ 6Kkf, k+} ;] / L / :yfgLo nf] sg[To / afhfufhfx? lxhf] cfh la/n} aHg] / la/} n} gflrG5 . kl5Nnf] k': tfdf tL nf] ssnf ;+: s[lt k': tfGt/0f eP;“u} df} lnstfsf] df] x o'jfx?n]

dG6]Zj/L lzIfssf] cfjZostf 1fgHof]lt Ph's]zg kmfp08]zgåf/f ;~rflnt lqj]0fL dG6]Zj/L t'n;Lk'/– !( lahf}/Lsf nflu dG6]Zj/L lzIfssf] cfjZostf k/]sf]n] of]Uotf k'u]sf OR5's JolQmx?n] ;"rgf ksflzt ldltn] & lbgleq ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf . ;+Vof M $ hgf of]UotfM ±@ kf; tna M cfsif{s gf]6M kmf/fd z'Ns nfUg] 5}g .

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l xfdf ;]jfx?M v dG6]Zj/L ljlwsf] # lbg], & lbg], ! dlxg] / # dlxg] tflnd kbfg ul/g] . v dG6]Zj/L :s"n tyf ;'ljwfo'Qm kof]uzfnf tof/ ul/G5 . v cleefjs k/fdz{ tflnd Rhymes/Games !))Ü hflu/ tyf cf6{ P08 sfkm\6 sfkm\6 tflnd lbOG5 . vfg] kfnf] ca v ;fy} sIff sf]7f ;hfj6sf] tflnd kbfg ul/G5 . tkfOFsf] l xfdf ljz]iftfx?M v ljut % jif{bl] v ;~rflnt / cg'ejL klzIfsåf/f tflnd kbfg ul/g] . v xfn;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ klzIffyL{x?nfO{ /f]hufl/sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;kmn . v ;kmf, zfGt / ;'ljwfhgs kof]uzfnfsf] Joj:yf .

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STUDY IN JAPAN

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If] q g+= ! sf] kltlglw;ef ;b:o kbsf] kToIf pDd] bjf/sf] 3f] if0ff ul/Psf] xf] . …kf6L{n] pDd] bjf/sf] ?kdf 3f] if0ff u/] sf] xf] , clxn] klg d a} 7sd} 5'Ú– v8\sfn] eGg'eof] – …s;/L cl3 a9\g] eGg] af/] df 5nkmnaf6} lgisif{df k'Ug]5f}+ .Ú kf6L{ cWoIf xl/af]n e§/fO{n] kf6L{ sfof{nodf vfbf cf]9fP/ pDd]bjf/ 3f]if0ff ug{e ' Psf] xf] .

lbbL–efO, bfh' alxgLsf] dfof, k] d, :g] x, b'Mv j] bgf, xf“;f] /ªsf s'/ f x'Gy] . b] jLb] jtfb] lv cfdfafa';Ddsf cfzLjf{bsf s'/ f ul/GYf] . t/ kl5Nnf] ;do Tof] km] l/b} –km] l/b} cl8of] /] s8{] 6 Jof08afhf l;:6ddf e} nf] ÷b] p;L uLt k'u] sf 5g\ . 3/df aflng] bLkfjnL lbof] klg km] l/Psf] 5. st} –st} , s;} –s;} sf k'/ fgf dfG5] sf 3/df df6fsf kfnfsf] aQL aflnPsf] x'G5 .

cGoyf ;a} sf 3/df /uLlj/+uL laB'tLo lemlnldnL an] sf x'G5g\ . hlt k': tf km] l/b} 5 plt g} k/Dk/fut ;f+: s[lts df} lnstfx? km] l/b} uO/x] sf 5g\ . ;+: s[ltsf] ljrng;“u} ;fdflhs ;Eotf / ;fdflhs dof{bf klg kl5Nnf] k': tfsf o'jfx?n] lal;{b} hfg yfn] sf] dflj ;+qmfdsf lzIfs Pj+ ;fdflhs cleofGtf ljeLifg /f] sf atfpg'x'G5 .

sd{rf/L cfjZostf o; ;'gf}nf] art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] nflu Pshgf Joj:yfkssf] cfjZostf k/]sf]n] of]Uotf k'u]sf OR5's JolQmn] cfj]bg lbg hfgsf/L u/fOG5 . of]Uotf M I.com kf; jf ;f] ;/x cfj]bg b:t'/M #)).– -tLg ;o dfq_ cfj]bg lbg] clGtd ldltM @)&$.&.!) ut]leq 5gf}6sf] lsl;dM cGtjf{tf{ cGtjf{tf{ ldltM @)&$.&.!! ut] lbpF;f] !@ ah]b]lv tnaM ;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ 3f]/fxL– !%, bfª -yL :6f/ xf]6naf6 klZrd hfg] af6f] leq_ kmf]gM (*^^%@^$!!, (*$&*$^&#$

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b] pv'/ L, ^ sflt{s -o';_– ndxL gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ^ dWogu/ lgjf;L czf] s v8\ sfnfO{ g] kfnL sf+u] ; -ljkL_ kf6L{n] bfª If] q g+= ! sf] kltlglw;ef ;b:o kbsf] pDd] bjf/sf] ?kdf 3f] if0ff u/] sf] 5 . s] GbLo kf6L{ sfof{nodf cfof] hgf ul/Psf] sfo{qmddf o'jf g] tf czf] s v8\sfnfO{

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sd{rf/L cfjZostf o; pBdzLn s[lif ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ndxL bfªåf/f ;~rflnt 8]/L k/Lof]hgf -s~rg af08 b'Uw pTkfbs_ sf] nflu ;x n]vfkfnsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] x'Fbf OR5's g]kfnL gful/sx?af6 b/vf:t cfx\jfg ul/G5 .

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zfvf clws[t, gfoa ;'Aaf, vl/bf/ kx/L ;xfos lgl/Ifs s[lif ljsfz a}+s /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s xfdf ljz]iftfx? lgMz'Ns handshet sf] Joj:yf kTo]s xKtf Model Exam u/fOg] k"0f{ kl/0ffdd'vL sIff u/fOg] . clwsf+z klzIfs sf7df8f}+, g]kfnu~h nufot aflx/L lhNnfaf6 kf]lkm;gn klzIfssf] Joj:yf ul/g] . s b]lv flts{ G !! gd K / ut] la "gf IQ xf k/ sf g * LIf ] lg a f x Mz h] 'g] 'Ns

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cfjZostf o; dfp06 Eo" Oª\ln; af]l8{ª :s"n 3f]/fxL, bfªsf] nflu lg=df=lj= txdf sDKo"6/ ljifo cWofkg u/fpgsf] nflu Pshgf lzIfssf] cfjZostf k/]sf] x'Fbf of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?af6 b/vf:t cfx\jfg ul/G5 . kb tx ljifo lzIfs lg=df=lj= sDKo"6/

of]Uotf ±@ kf; u/L # jif]{ sDKo"6/ l8Knf]df jf ±@ sDKo"6/

ev{/ } lj1fkg ePsf] g] kfn kx/Lsf] c=;=O{= tyf hjfgsf] nflu lnlvt k/LIffsf] nflu tof/L sIffx? ;~rfng x'g uO/x] sf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f} + .

cfjZos sfuhftx?M != g]kfnL gful/stfsf] kdf0fkqsf] kltlnkL ! klt . @= xfn;fn} lvr]sf] b'O{ klt kmf]6f] . #= cfkm\gf of]Uotfsf] kdf0fkqsf kltlnkL !÷! klt . $= k/LIff b:t'/M ?=%)).– %= b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldltM @)&$.)&.!# ut] ;fFem $ ah];Dd . ^= k/LIffsf] lsl;dM lnlvt, sIff cjnf]sg / cGtjf{tf{ . &= lnlvt k/LIff @)&$.)&.!$ ut] laxfg & ah] . gf]6M dflyNnf] of]Uotf / cg'ejLnfO{ ljz]if ufx\otf lbOg]5 .

g] kfn gl;{ª sfplG;nn] lng] :6fkm g;{sf] nfO;] G;sf] tof/L sIff klg ;~rfng x'g uO/x] sf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f} + .

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% jif{d} s/f]8klt aGg rfxg'x'G5 < ;Demg'xf];\ a'g sf]l/og efiff ;]G6/nfO{ gofF Joj:yfkgsf ;fy @)!* sf] EPS -sf]l/og_ efiff k/LIffsf] nflu cg'ejL tyf bIf efiff klzIfsåf/f sf]l/og efiffsf] nflu o; a'g sf]l/og efiff ;]G6/df gofF egf{ v'n]sf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ . a'g sf]l/og efiff ;]G6/sf ljz]iftfx?M !_ dfq ?= !),))).– d} sf]l/og efiff l;Sg kfpg] cj;/ . @_ nfdf] ;do sf]l/ofdf a;L cfpg'ePsf bIf tyf cg'ejL efiff klzIfsåf/f cWofkg u/fOg] . #_ ;fdfGo n]vk9 ug{ ;Sg]nfO{ klg k9fpg] Joj:yf . $_ u'k lnP/ cfpg]nfO{ ljz]if 5'6sf] Joj:yf . %_ ljBfyL{n] a'em\g ;Sg] u/L ;/n tl/sfaf6 cWofkg u/fOg] . ^_ kTo]s xKtfdf Class Test u/fOg'sf ;fy} Final Exam h:t} gd"gf Exam sf] Joj:yf .

a'g sf] l/og efiff ;]G6/ 3f]/fxL, bfª -ljkL rf]sb]lv pQ/tkm{_ kmf]g g+= M )*@–%^)()!, (*!)($&!&!, (*$&*@@^)^

sf]l/og efiffdf egf{ v'Nof] † @)^$ ;fnb] lv lg/Gt/ !) cf} + jif{ EPS k0ffnLaf6 efiff cWoog u/fpFb} cfpg'ePsf klzIfsaf6 o; jif{ klg efiff sIff ;~rfng x'g] s'/ f hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f} + .

ljz] iftfx? M != EPS-KLT / sf] l/og Jofs/0fsf] clxn] ;Dd ^&% g ljz] if cg'ej kfKt . hgf pQL0f{ agfp @= ( jif{ sf]l/ofdf a;L @)^$ b]lv ;kmn lg/Gt/ efiff l;sfp“b} cfpg'ePsf . #= /fKtL c~rns} ;a} eGbf k'/ fgf] / ljZj;lgo . $= @)^$ b] lv / o; jif{ klg /fKtL c~rnd} ;a} eGbf w] / } kf; u/fpg ;kmn kdfl0ft ePsf] . %= sIff 6] i6 / ;'gfO{ k9fO{ k/LIffx? k/LIff s} jftfj/0fdf gd"gf k/LIffx? ;fy} Audio/Video k0ffnLåf/f klg cEof; u/fOg] . sIff ;~rfng wdfwd eO/x] sf] 5 .

efiff klzIfs M /] zd s] =;L= (*%&*#!$((

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cfsif{s 38]/L laqmLdf 3f] / fxL Go"/ f] 8af6 ;fem] bf/ L kLr/f] 8df /x] sf] @^ xft df] x8f / @^ xft kL5jf8 ePsf] Jofj;flos kof] hgsf nflu clt pQd 38] / L ljqmLdf .

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