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Computer sf s'g} klg ® Basic tyf Advance sIffx?df l;ldt l;6sf nflu ljif]; 5'6sf;fy egf{ v'n]sf] COMPUTER EDUCATION ;x;{ hfgsf/L u/fpb5f} .

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(Naya Yugbodh National Daily Dec. 17, 2017)

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ug{ kd b] pjfnfO{ cfux ug{'ePsf] k] ; ;xof] uL ltldlN;gfn] atfpg'eof] . /fi6«klt;“u klg e] 6jftf{ /fi6«klt ljBfb] jL e08f/L;“u g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf cWoIf kr08n] zlgjf/ e] 6jftf{ ug'{ePsf] 5 . kltlglw;ef / kb] z;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePkl5 gof“ ;/sf/ u7g, /fli6«o;ef u7g / bnx?aLrsf] ;xdltsf] kxnsf ljifodf pxf“x?aLr 5nkmn ePsf] 5 . /fi6«kltsf kd'v :jsLo ;lrj e] if/fh clwsf/Ln] /fi6«kltn] kl5Nnf] /fhgLlts 36gfqmd / ;d;fdlos l:yltaf/] kd'v bnsf g] tfx?;“usf] 5nkmnsf qmddf cWoIf kr08;“u e] 6jftf{ u/] sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . cWofb] zdf Pdfn] sf] l6Kk0fL lg/y{sM l;+x g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf g] tf ksfzdfg l;+xn] /fli6«o;ef u7g;DjGwL cWofb] znfO{ lnP/ Pdfn] n] cgfjZos l6sfl6Kk0fL ug{' cfjZos g/x] sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . /fhwfgLdf cfof] lht sfo{qmddf pxf“n] ;+ljwfgdf cWofb] zdfkm{t /fli6«o;efsf] u7g x'g] kfjwfg ePsfn] ;f] xL cg';f/ ;/sf/n] sfd ug{] :ki6 kfg'{eof] . …sf+u] ;nfO{ Psl5g klg ;Qfdf a:g] /x/ 5} g, xfdL ;a} s'/ f ldn] kl5 ;/sf/ 5f8\5f} +Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] . l;+xn] sf+u] ; ;+;bdf lhDd] jf/ kltkIfdf a:g] atfpg'eof] . …xfdL kb] zb] lv s] Gb ;/sf/;Dd kltkIfdf a:5f} +Ú– pxf“n] yKg'eof] . ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjogsf nflu sf+u] ; g] t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg u/fPsf] eGb} l;+xn] ca cfly{s ljsf;df klg sf+u] ;n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug] { atfpg'eof] .

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u/] sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . sf/f] jf/L tyf kof] ustf{x?nfO{ kx/L 5Ng jf efUgdf cK7] / f 7fp“x? /x] sfn] bfªdf nfu"cf} ifwsf] sf/f] jf/ n'sl5kL x'g] u/] sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . kof] ustf{x?n] cfly{s cefjsf sf/0f cfkm} vfg] / laqmL ljt/0fsf nflu bfªdf nfu"cf} ifw leœofpg] u/] sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . h;sf sf/0f nfu"cf} ifwsf] ;d:of bfªdf r/d?kdf a9\b} uO/x] sf] 5 . nfu"cf} ifwsf] ;d:of clxn] ;a} sf] lrGtfsf] ljifo ag] sf] 5 . 3/–3/sf] ;d:of nfu"cf} ifw b'Jo{;g kl5Nnf] ;do ;fdflhs ck/fwsf ?kdf df} nfp“b} hfg yfn] sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . h;sf sf/0f kfl/jfl/s ljv08g, 3/] n' lx+;f, rf] / L, n'6kfth:tf ck/fwx? lgDTofpg] u/] sf] pxf“sf] egfO 5 . lhNnf kx/L sfof{no bfªsf af“sL clGtd k]hdf:

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kLl8tsf] 3/cf“ugd} k'u] / 36gfsf] k'g{k'li6 ubf{ cem jf:tljstf aflx/ cfpg] atfpg'eof] . g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf s] GbLo ;b:o 6] s/fh zfxLn] Psfw dfgjclwsf/sdL{n] dfq} lhNnfsf] dfgjclwsf/sf ;a} 36gfx? aflx/ Nofpg sl7g x'g] ePsfn] ;~rf/ dfWod / ;~rf/sdL{x? klg dfgjclwsf/d} qL x'g'kg] { atfpg'eof] . o:t} ;fd'bflos /] l8of] k;f/s ;+3sf ^ g+= kb] z ;+of] hs /d] zs'df/ uf} tdn] kl5Nnf lbgdf kfl/jfl/s?kdf w] / } lx+;fsf 36gfx? ePsfn] /fHon] To:tf 36gf Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;fdflhs cleofg ;~rfng ug'{kg] { atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf OG;] s lhNnf kltlglw dLgf a'9fyf] sLn] ;g\ @)!& df OG;] sn] ;+sng u/] sf dfgjclwsf/ xgg\sf

36gf;DaGwL kltj] bg k:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . h;cg';f/ ;Nofg lhNnfdf dlxnfdfly x'g] of} g lx+;fsf 36gf bf] Aa/ a[l4 ePsf] b] lvPsf] ] 5 . kltj] bg cg';f/ ;g\ @)!^ sf] t'ngfdf ;Nofg lhNnfdf dlxnf dfly x'g] anfTsf/, anfTsf/ kof; tyf b'Jo{jxf/sf 36gfx? bf] Aa/ a[l4 ePsf x'g\ . ut jif{ lhNnfdf anfTsf/, anfTsf/ kof; tyf b'Jo{jxf/sf cf7j6f 36gfx? ePsf] df of] jif{ bf] Aa/ a9] / !^ k'u] sf] 5 . o:t} afnclwsf/cGtu{t aflnsfdfly anfTsf/, anfTsf/ kof; tyf b'Jo{jxf/sf rf/ 36gf ePsf 5g\ .

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;fn j} zfv ! ut] af6 v/sf] 5fgf lj:yfkg ug{] sfo{sf] z'ef/De x'g] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . rf} w/Ln] kTo] s ;'Ts] / L cfdfnfO{ ;'Ts] / L eQfjfkt !% xhf/ pknAw u/fpg] , /fKtL gbLnfO{ b'a} tkm{ t6aGw u/L ko{6sLo If] q agfpg] klta4tf bf] xf] ¥ofpg'eof] . bfª lgjf{rg If] q g+= ! kb] z;ef @ sf ;b:o /] jtL/d0f zdf{n] gful/snfO{ ;'vL agfpg' g} hgkltlglwsf] lhDd] jf/L ePsf] / Tof] klta4tf k"/ f ug{] ;+sNk ug'{eof] . lasf; / ;d[l4df ;a} gful/ssf] ;xh kx'“r k'¥ofpg ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodaf6 :j/f] huf/sf cj;/ l;h{gf u/L kf“r jif{leq hgtfn] ljsf;sf] dx;'; ug{] atfpg'eof] . …/fhgLlt w] / } eof] , ca ljsf;sf] kfnf] Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …hgtfsf] ck] Iffcg';f/ sfd ug{] 5' .Ú o:t} bfª lgjf{rg If] q g+= ! -!_ kb] z;ef ;b:o OGbhLt yf?n] ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf] clwsf/ sfof{Gjog ub{} hgtfsf] dfemdf ljsf; k¥ofpg] atfpg'eof] . …kb] z:t/df w] / } clwsf/ lbPsf] 5, To;sf] sfof{Gjog ub{} hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ ;'wf/ ug{] kd'v nIf xf] Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …bfª b] pv'/ Lsf] ljsf;sf] nflu 7"nf of] hgf ;~rfng ug{ k"“hLsf] ljsf; ug{] / hgtfnfO{ /f] huf/Ldf ;xefuL u/fO{ k"“hL lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 . xfdf] Wofg otflt/ klg 5 .Ú g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf cWoIf ;ljg lkof;gsf] cWoIftf tyf lgjf{rg If] q g+= ! sf kltlglw;ef ;b:o d] 6dl0f rf} w/Lsf] kd'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf lzIffljb\ hfu] Zj/ zdf{ l3ld/] , ;fd'bflos /] l8of] k;f/s ;3 csf] / fj kb] z g+= kf“rsf cWoIf s] kL l3ld/] n] b] pv'/ Ldf ;~rf/sf] ljsf; eP klg To;sf] Aoj:yfkgdf hgkltlglwx?n] Wofg lbg'kg] { ;'emfj lbg'eof] . g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf pkfWoIf nLnf zfxsf] :jfut dGtAoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmddf kqsf/ /fw] Zofd u'Ktf, gful/s ;dfh b] pv'/ Lsf lgtj{dfg ;+of] hs gLdaxfb'/ yfkf, r'df cfrfo{, b] pv'/ L ;fd'bflos kx/L ;] jf s] Gbsf cWoIf of] udfof zfxLnufotn] ;'emfj /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ;lrj e'k] Gb cf] nLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

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xf/lhtsf] dfgl;stfaf6 dfly p7f} + cf}iflwsf] b'?kof]u /f]s la/fdLnfO{ lbg] cf} iflw cg'dltkq -k] ;lqmK;g_ sf] b'?kof] u ePsf] b] lvPsf] 5 . vf;u/L la/fdLsf] pkrf/sf nflu lbOPsf s] xL cf} iflw nfu"cf} ifwsf] ?kdf kof] u ePsf] b] lvPsf] 5 . lrlsT;ssf] k] ;lqmK;glagf kof] u ug{ gkfOg] gfsf] {l6s cf} iflw la/fdLn] eGbf klg la/fdLsf] axfgfdf nfu"cf} ifw kof] ustf{n] ;] jg ug] { u/] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . la/fdLsf] cf} iflw k"hf{sf cfwf/df Ps xKtfsf nflu cf} iflw nu] klg tLg rf/ lbgd} cf} iflw lng cfpg] u/] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . k] ;lqmK;gsf cfwf/df cfpg] nfO{ cf} iflw lbg' :jfefljs xf] t/ sf] ;fFrf] la/fdL x'g\ / sf] xf] Ogg\, pgLx?n] s;/L cf} iflw kof] u u5{g\ eg] / lgodg ug] { lgsfo gx'Fbf ;d:of b] lvPsf] 5 . dfgl;s /f] uL, clgbf, gzfsf lj/fdL cflbsf nflu kof] u x'g] cf} iflw nfu"kbfy{sf] ?kdf b'?kof] u eO/x] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o:tf cf} iflw hyfefjL laqmL ug{ gkfOg] Joj:yf eP klg d] l8snaf6 ;d] t laqmL eO/x] sf] b] lvPsf] 5 . To;f] t sltko cf} iflw laqm] tfn] nut /fVg] u/] klg cfkmGts} gfddf o'jfx? cf} iflw lng cfpg] ePsfn] /f] Sg g;lsPsf] pgLx?sf] egfO 5 .

To;f] t ;/sf/n] lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx / lgu/fgLafx] s o:tf cf} iflw laqmL ug{ gkfOg] eg] klg d] l8snaf6 cGo cf} iflw;/x laqmL eO/x] sfn] ;d:of b] lvPsf] cf} iflw Joj:yf ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L c:ktfnaf6 o;sf] b'?kof] u gePsf] / d] l8snaf6 b'?kof] u ePsf] klg ljefusf] bfaL 5 . h] eP klg Pp6f kof] hgsf nflu pTkfbg ul/Psf] cf} iflw unt kof] udf nufOg' /fdf] xf] Og . o;n] Psflt/ vf; /f] uL cf} iflw ;] jgaf6 al~rt x'g] / nfu"kbfy{ b'Ao{;gL a9\g] vt/f b] lvPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf g] kfndf nfu"cf} ifw b'Ao{;g 7"nf] ;d:ofsf] ?kdf b] lvPsf] 5 . o;n] o'jf hdftnfO{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / ;fdflhs lx;fan] kyei6 agfO/x] sf] 5 . s] xL ug] { cfzf ul/Psf] ju{ g} unt af6f] df nfu] kl5 ;dfh / /fi6«nfO{ o;n] c;/ ug] { g} eof] . csf] {lt/ o;n] ck/fwhGo 36gf klg a9fO/x] sf] 5 . cWoog / pTkfbgdf nfUg] o'jf hdft nfu"cf} ifw b'Jo{;gLdf nfu] kl5 Psflt/ ;dfh / b] zn] Iflt ef] Ug] cj:yf 5 eg] csf] {lt/ nfu"cf} ifws} nflu 7"nf] wg/fzL vr{ eO/x] sf] 5 . nfu"kbfy{sf] b'Jo{;gn] dflg;sf] zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s b'a{ntf cfpg'sf ;fy} kf0f3fts /f] usf] klg l;h{gf ul/lbG5 . g] kfndf nfu"cf} ifw ;] jg ug] { dfq} a9] sf 5} gg\, cf] ;f/k;f/df klg a[l4 eO/x] sf] 5 . cGt/{fli6«o?kd} ;+ul7t t:s/x?n] g] kfnnfO{ nfu"cf} ifwsf] kf/jxg laGb' agfpFb} cfPsf] w] / } kltj] bgn] atfO/x] sf 5g\ . nfu"cf} ifw lgoGq0f P] g @)## nufotsf sfg'gL Joj:yf eP klg g] kfndf nfu"cf} iflw ;] jg / cf] ;f/k;f/ /f] lsPsf] 5} g . cem x'Fbfx'Fbf dfgj :jf:Yosf nflu kof] u x'g] cf} iflw g} nfu"kbfy{sf] ?kdf kof] u x'g' lgs} vt/fsf] ;+s] t xf] . o;ksf/sf] cj:yfnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ lgodgsf/L ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ kefjsf/L?kdf kl/rfng ug'{ cfjZos 5 . x/] s ;r] t gful/sn] klg o:tf] b'?kof] u /f] Sg cfkm\gf] If] qaf6 e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ h?/L 5 .

s;n] s] eg] < kwfgdGqL kb cfnf] kfnf] rnfpg] eGg] ;xdlt tfnd] n cufl8 g} ul/;s] sf xf} + . t/ 3f] if0ff;efdf Tof] s'/ f ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] lyPg .

– jfdb] j uf} td -g] skf Pdfn] sf pkfWoIf Pj+ jfd Pstfsf ;"qwf/_ r'gfj;“u} ;+j} wflgs ;+qmd0fsfn ;lsPsf] 5 . ca ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf] clwsf/ sfof{Gjog / pkef] usf nflu k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ . d'n's ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjog r/0fdf kj] z u/] sf] 5 .

– afnfgGb kf} 8] n -:yfgLo tx k'g;{+/ rgf cfof] usf cWoIf_ kwfgdGqLHo" rf“8f]eGbf rf“8f] afn'jf6f/ 5f8\g] kIfdf x'gx' G' 5 . pxf“n] ;Qf nDAofpg vf] h] sf] eGg] krf/jfhL ;xL xf] Og .

– uf] ljGb kl/of/ -kwfgdGqL z] / axfb'/ b] pjfsf k] ; ;Nnfxsf/_ tLg} txsf r'gfj ePkl5 /fhgLlts k"jf{wf/ ag] sf] 5 . ca ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cGo k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug] { r/0fdf d'ns ' kj] z u/] sf] 5 – xl/ /f] sf -ljZn] ifs_ r'gfj x'g] lalQs} /fhgLlts ;+qmd0f ;lsg] xf] Og . ;+ljwfgn] kl/sNkgf u/] cg';f/ ;+: yfx?sf] lgdf{0f / ltgn] sfd ug{ yfn] kl5 dfq} ;+qmd0fsfn ;lsG5 .

– kLtfDa/ zdf{ -kfWofks_

gof“ ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog ug{ / ;+qmd0fsfnsf] cGTo ug] { u/L tLg} txsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ca s;} n] s;} nfO{ b] vfP/ cfkm" plDsg] r] i6f ug{ kfpg] 5} gg\ . ;a} sf] Wo] o ca b] z agfpg] hgtf ;'vL agfpg] x'g] 5 . s;} n] ca csf] {nfO{ bf] if yf] kg{ kfpg] 5} g . hgtfn] ;a} bnnfO{ plrt :yfg lbPsf 5g\ . s;} n] lhTof} + eg] / km'?Ë eOxfNg] / s;} n] xf¥of} + eg] / lg/fz eOxfNg'kg] { 5} g . ljutdf pgLx?n] hgtfaLr b] vfPsf] Jojxf/, u/] sf] sfd cflbnfO{ s] Gbdf /fv] / hgtfn] d"Nof+sg u/] sf 5g\ . hgtfn] u/] sf] d"Nof+sgnfO{ s;} n] cfkm"nfO{ cjd"Nog ePsf] 7fGg'kg] { 5} g . s;n] slt k6s cj;/ kfP, s;n] cj;/sf] ;b'kof] u u/] , s;n] cj;/sf] b'?kof] u u/] , oL ;a} sf] d"Nof+sg u/] / hgtfn] cfkm\gf] cledt ks6 u/] sf 5g\ . g] kfnsf] /fhgLlts Oltxf; w] / } nfdf] 5} g . xfdf] b] zdf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] g] kfnsf] PsLs/0fsf] cleofg rnfO/x“bf cd] l/sfdf nf] stGqsf] pRrtd cEof; ub} { lgjf{rg x'“b} lyof] .

To;kl5 g] kfnL hgtf s'g bnbndf km;] , cd] l/sf sxf“ k'Uof] , nf] stGq, hgjfb, khftGq, ;dfhjfb cflb h:tf s'/ fx? cfkm\gf] b] zsf] ;fk] Iftfdf x'G5g\ . s'g} b] zsf] x'ax' gSsn csf] { b] zdf nfu' x'“b} g . l5d] ss} s'/ f ug] { xf] eg] ef/t cem} g] kfn eGbf @)) jif{ kl5 5 eGbf cGoyf gxf] nf lsgls cfhsf] o'udf klg Toxf“ wd{n] /fhgLlt 8f] ¥ofp“b} 5 . dfgj sNof0fsf d'2fx? r'gfj lhTg] d;nf aGb} gg\ wdf{Gwtf Toxf“ r'gfj lhTg] cfwf/ aG5 cem} ef/tdf . ef/t nf] stflGqs b] z xf] t/ nf] stGqsf] cEof; Toxf“ hgtfn] ub} {gg\ s] jn g] tfn] u5{g\ . rLgdf lgjf{rg x'G5 t/ af“sL ljZjn] Toxf“ nf] stGq 5} g eG5 . rLlgof“ hgtf v'zL 5g\ :jtGq / ;'vL klg 5g\ . zAbdf nf] stGq x'g' / gx'g'sf] e] b hgtfsf] hLjg:t/af6 kl/eflift ul/g'k5{ . hgtf ;a} /fhgLltdf cfp“b} gg\, cfpg rfx“b} gg\, pgLx?nfO{ /fhgLltaf/] 1fg / ;"rgf 5 eg] ToxL xf] nf] stGq . lgjf{rgsf qmddf nf] stGq / clwgfosjfb b'a} r'gfjL d;nf aGof] . sDo'lgi6n] lht] eg] nf] stGq /xGg clwgfosjfb cfp“5 . nf] stGq eg] sf] xfdLn] h'g r'gfjsf] cEof; ul//f] vsf 5f} +, ToxL ksf/sf] cEof; ug] {, hgtfnfO{ @÷$ lbg v;L af] sf agfP/ v/Lb

lhTg] n] cfkm" lblUjhoL ag] sf] , xfg] {n] ;a} ;lsPsf] 7fg] klg b] z / /fhgLltsf nflu oL ;fdfGo / lgoldt klqmof x'g\ . cf–cfkm\gf] st{Joaf6 ljrlnt gx'g' b] z / /fhgLltnfO{ a'em] sf] 7xl/g] 5 . lht] ;w} lht e} / xGg, xf/ ;w} xf/ e} / fVb} g . ;dosf] kjfxdf oL km] l/Og} /xG5g\ . b] z lgdf{0fsf vflt/ s] sf+u] ;, s] jfd u7jGwg xfdL ;a} xf/–lhtsf] dfgl;stfaf6 dfly p7f} + / b] znfO{ klg p7fcf} + .

u b] j/fh ljZjsdf{ laqmL ug] { / r'gfj lht] kl5 lhTg] x?n] cf/fd;“u sdfp wGbf rnfpg] , csf] { % jif{kl5 km] l/ p;} u/L hgtfnfO{ lsga] r ug] { u/L cfpg] eg] s} nf] stGq xf] eGg] kl/efiff sf+u] ;n] u¥of] . o;f] sxL+ ljsf;sf] 5] p6'Kkf] 5¥of] eg] lhGbuLe/ ToxL ehfpg] / cfkm\gf] 3/sf] ;DklQ lbP/ hgtfnfO{ bof u/] sf] xf] nf h:tf] ug] { rl/q sf+u] ;sf] aGof] . oxL sfdnfO{ nf] stGqsf] gd"gf 7fGof] . sf+u] ; x'g' nf] stGq, sf+u] ;sf] ehg ufpg' nf] stGq, sDo'lgi6nfO{ bdg ug'{ nf] stGq, ljb] zL;fd' cem ef/t;“u nDk;f/ x'g' nf] stGq, b] zsf 7"nf snsf/vfgf hf] ljb] zL ldqx?n] g] kfnL hgtfsf] pGglt kult xf] ;\ eg] / agfOlbPsf lyP ltgLx?nfO{ lghLs/0fsf gfddf sf} 8Lsf] df] ndf a] Rg' nf] stGq, ei6frf/ ;+: yfut ug'{ nf] stGq, /fHosf] 9's'6L l/Tofpg' nf] stGq, u'08fubL{ ug'{ nf] stGq, l;l08s] 6 nufpg' nf] stGq, kx/L, ;] gf / sd{rf/L cfkm"v'zL kof] u ug'{ nf] stGq, s'g} cj;/ cfP sf+u] ; x'g'–ljkIfLnfO{ cj;/af6 al~rt ug'{ nf] stGq, sf+u] ;n] u/] nf] stGq sDo'lgi6n] u/] cnf] stGq, sf+u] ;n] u/] sf] nf] stGqsf] kl/efiffdf xfdL sxf“g] / c6\5f} + < o;sf] hjfkm ;fob sf+u] ;;“u 5} g . @))& ;fnsf] P] ltxfl;s hgqmflGtsf] g] t[Tj sf+u] ;n] u/] s} xf] . To;} n] t @))& ;fnb] lv @)&$ d+l;/;Dd sf+u] ; s'g} g s'g} ?kdf ^& jif{;Dd sfod /x\of] . ^& jif{ Pp6f JolQmsf] k"/ f cfo' eGbf cgy{ gxf] nf . olt nfdf] ;do;Dd /fhgLltdf 5fpg' ToxL uf} / jzfnL Oltxf;sf] lj/f;t xf] . sf+u] ;n] cfkm\gf] st{Jo ge'n] sf] eP Tof] lgs} qmflGtsf/L lyof] . Oltxf;sf] sf+u] ;;“u :jl0f{d eljiosf] sNkgf

lyof] . ;dfgtfsf] dudu ;'jf; lyof] . :jtGqtfsf] sNkgftLt ;f} Gbo{ lyof] .

Tof] cfh sf+u] ;;“u 5} g . Oltxf;n] cfh;Dd wfGof] . ;'Gb/ eljio, ;dfgtf, :jtGqtf / hLjgsf] ;d[l4 t sf+u] ; ;'Gg} rfxGg . h;/L dxdf lem+ufn] cfkm\ gf] kf0f cfx'lt u5{ To;/L g} sf+u] ;n] ;Qfdf kf0f cfx'lt u/] sf] 5 . sf+u] ;sf sltko ljåfgx?nfO{ nfUbf] / x] 5 sf+u] ;df cfWoflTdstf 5 To;n] s'sd{af6 arfp“5 . sf+u] ; s'grflx“ s'sd{af6 cfWoflTds cf:yfsf sf/0fn] hf] luof] a?

Tof] ;To xf] ls s'sd{ 5f] Kg] /Iffsjr cfWoflTdstfnfO{ agfPs} xf] . hgtfn] w] / } k6s sf+u] ;nfO{ kTofP .

Ps k6s b'O{ ltxfO{, b'O{k6s ax'dt lbPs} x'g\ . Tof] sf+u] ;n] ;b'kof] u ug{ g;s] s} xf] . sf+u] ;n] cj;/sf] ;b'kof] u u/] sf] eP, c? ljsNk /f] Hb} gy] xf] nf ;fob . olt xb;Ddsf] ;dy{g u'dfO;s] kl5 klg cg] s y/L axfgf ub} {5 sf+u] ; . ;fob lgolt o:tf] x'g] 5 ls z] / axfb'/ b] pjfsf] kfnfdf sf+u] ; Oltxf;sf] ljifo aGg] 5 . clnlst g} ltstf ePsf] hf] ;'s} n] klg of] xb;Ddsf] ut{df ;fob ghfnf . sf+u] ; To;/L lub} {5 . ;Qfdf guPsf, ;Qfdf g} ltstf arfpgs} nflu guPsf s} of} + lgi7f / g} ltstfnfO{ ;j{: j 7fGg] g] tfx?n] sf+u] ; ;dfKt ePsf] 6'n'6'n' x] g'{ kl//fv] sf] 5 . b] pjf sf+u] ; dfq xf] Ogg\ b] znfO{ cl3 a9\g glbg] l;+uf] kj[lQsf kltlglw kfq x'g\ . v/fa kj[lQ b] pjfdfkm{t d'vl/t ePsf] 5 . g] kfn / g] kfnLsf] lxt grfxg] b] zleqsf / b] z aflx/sf zq'x?sf] Psu9 koTg 5 ls jfd u7aGwgnfO{ ;Qf ;lhn} lsg lbg] < hgtfn] lbb} df x'G5 < xfdL xf} + cjtf/L . xfdLn] grfx“bf s] xL x'“b} g eGg] b] vfpg klg /fli6«o;ef gaGbf;Dd kwfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf lbg'x'Gg eGg] ts{ ub} {5g\ .

/fli6«o;efsf nflu cfjZos sfg"g ag] sf] 5} g eg] Tof] agfpg] sfd gof“ hgkltlglwx?sf] xf] . kltlglw;efn] gof“ sfg"g agfpg] 5 / /fli6«o ;efsf] u7g x'g] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf Joj:yfx?nfO{ cfwf/ dfg] / gof“ P] g lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 . hgtfn] ;dy{g u/] sfx?sf] bfloTj ca ;a} nfO{ ;d] 6] / b] z lgdf{0fdf nfUg' x'g] 5 . h;nfO{ hgtfn] ;dy{g u/] gg\ pgLx?sf] st{Jo ;sf/fTds sfdsf] ;dy{g / gsf/fTds sfdsf] lj/f] w ug] { x'g] 5 . /rgfTds kltkIfsf] e"ldsfdf hgtfn] sf+u] ;nfO{ k7fPsf 5g\ . Tof] sfd slt s'zntfk"j{s u5{– sf+u] ;n] Tof] hgtfn] x] g] {5g\ . % jif{ Tolt 7"nf] s'/ f xf] Og nf] stGqdf . sf+u] ;nfO{ nfu] sf] xf] nf– jfd u7aGwgn] r'gfj kf] u/fpg] xf] Og ls < To;/L cflQxfNg' kb} {g . rfx] / klg r'gfj s;} n] /f] Sg ;Sb} g . jfd u7jGwgsf] t clUgk/LIff x'g] g} 5 of] % jif{ . h'g–h'g kltj4tf vf; u/L Pdfn] –dfcf] jfbLn] hgtfsf aLr u/] sf 5g\ To;sf] k:yfg ljGb' ;/sf/ u7g / kf6L{ Pstfaf6 z'? x'g] 5 . oL sfd hlt l56f] cl3 a9fof] Tolt g} hgtfn] ljZjf; / e/f] ;f ug] {5g\ . /fli6«o :jfwLgtf / :jfledfgsf] s'/ f klg Tolt g} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . ;d[l4sf] s'/ f s/Lj @ jif{df hgtfn] kl/0ffd vf] Hg] 5g\ . efif0f u/] h:tf] ;lhnf] x'g] 5} gg\ oL ;a} sfdx? . lx+hf] sf+u] ;n] lhTof] eg] s] xf] nf eg] / ;f] Rg] :jfyL{ / cj;/jfbL hdft Pdfn] / dfcf] jfbL b'a} sf] jl/kl/ eL8sf] ?kdf hDdf x'g] 5g\ . lx+hf] ;"o{ / x“l;of xyf} 8f em08f af] Sg nfh dfGg] x?n] kf6L{ c8\ofPsf] l8ª xf“Sg] 5g\ . pgLx?n] g} kf6L{ hf] ufPsf] xf] ls eGg] b] vfpg vf] Hg] 5g\ . oL ;a} r'gf} tLx?af6 kf6L{nfO{ hf] ufpg', lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] cleef/f k"/ f ug'{ kmnfdsf] Ro"/ f rkfpg' h:t} sl7g x'g] 5 . lhTg] n] cfkm" lblUjhoL ag] sf] , xfg] {n] ;a} ;lsPsf] 7fg] klg b] z / /fhgLltsf nflu oL ;fdfGo / lgoldt klqmof x'g\ . cf–cfkm\gf] st{Joaf6 ljrlnt gx'g' b] z / /fhgLltnfO{ a'em] sf] 7xl/g] 5 . lht] ;w} lht e} / xGg, xf/ ;w} xf/ e} / fVb} g . ;dosf] kjfxdf oL km] l/Og} /xG5g\ . b] z lgdf{0fsf vflt/ s] sf+u] ;, s] jfd u7jGwg xfdL ;a} xf/–lhtsf] dfgl;stfaf6 dfly p7f} + / b] znfO{ klg p7fcf} + .

z+s/ kf]v]nsf] gh/df ldl8of / Sof8/ …tkfO“x?sf] e"ldsfnfO{ kz+;f ug{ oxf“ af]nfPsf] x'Ú“ – ;+oQ ' m kqsf/ ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ul/Psf] a]nf % gDa/ kb]zsf] d'VodGqLsf bfj]bf/ z+s/ kf]v]nn] eGg'eof] . d'v ld7\ofp“b} kf]v]n af]Nbf v'zLn] cg'xf/ wKk an]sf] lyof] . xndf ;xefuL w]/} kqsf/ v'zL b]lvP . lbjfef]h;lxtsf] sfo{qmd lyof] . olt dfq} lyPg kqsf/x?nfO{ kz+;f ug]{ zAb . gjlgjf{lrt kb]z ;f+;b kf]v]nn] o; k6ssf] r'gfj Sof8/ a]; / ldl8of a]; krf;– krf; kltzt /x]sf] lx:;]bf/L nufpg'eof] . cem cufl8 a9]/ lgjf{rg lj:tf/} ldl8of a];lt/ uPsf] ;+s]t lbg'eof] . cfkm" ldl8of a]; / Sof8/ a]; hf]8g\ ;kmn ePsf] ;'gfpg'eof] . To;df klg cy{ lyof] . pxf“n] r'gfj krf/sf nflu kb]z :t/Lo ;"rgf s]Gb v8f ug'e { Psf] lyof] . dxTjk"0f{ JolQmx?sf] e]6 / 3/ b}nf]sf qmddf tL JolQmx?sf] ;dy{g ;xof]usf s'/f ;fdflhs ;~hfndf k;f/0f ul/GYof] . r'gfjL sfo{qmdsf ;dfrf/x? t Jofks agfOPsf] lyof] . r'gfjnfO{ sd vlr{nf] agfpg klg ldl8ofnfO{ c“ufNg'kg]{ kb]z;efsf ;b:o kf]v]nsf] egfO lyof] . ;a}eGbf w]/} ldl8of kof]u ug]d{ f kf]v]n kg'e { Psf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . To;f] x'b“ fx“b‘ } klg sfo{stf{;lxtsf] 3/b}nf]n] 5'§} dxTj /fV5 . dtbftfnfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg e/kbf]{ pkfo 3/b}nf] xf] . kf]v]nsf] egfOdf o;n] hgtfsf] dgf]lj1fgnfO{ ;Daf]wg u5{ . s;}sf] ;'gfpg] u'gf;f] x'G5, s;}sf] e]l6g] ;f}v d]l6G5 . PSnfPSn} e]l6P klg dtbftfsf] tfst aGb'seGbf alnof] x'G5 . Pp6f dtn] hlt zlQmzfnL zf;s ePklg 9fNg;S5 . t/ klg ldl8of Sof8/eGbf slDtsf] xf]Og . k]; rf}tf/L / k]; ;]G6/n] ;+oQ ' m?kdf cfof]hgf u/] klg g]tf kf]v]n;“u a;]/ vfgf vfg] sfo{qmd lyof] . 7\6of}nL z}nLdf pxf“n] :jflbnf] vfgfdf 9'u+ f nfu]sf] h:tf] cg'el" t u/fPsf] u'gf;f] klg ug'e { of] . pxf“sf cg';f/ 5ß gfdaf6 vf]lnPsf ldl8ofaf6 5ß gfdwf/L kqsf/n] unt s'/f n]v] . Tof] klqmofsf] z'?jft cfkm}df 3fts /x]sf] ;'gfpg'eof] . To;d} s]xL lhDd]jf/ g]tfx?n] cflwsfl/s kltlqmof lbP/ /fhgLltsf] :t/ 36fPsf] l6Kk0fL ug'e { of]] . kf]v]nn] u/]sf] of] l6Kk0fLnfO{

eg] kqsf/x?n] ;dLIffsf] ljifo agfpg h?/L 5 . b]vfnf] n]Vg] lxDdt geP/ n'sfnf] u/L lgxLt :jfy{ k"/f ug{lt/ nfUg' ultnf] xf]Og . s;}sf] kIf lng / sf]xLsf] dltof/ aGg kqsf/n] ;'xfp“b}g . g t To;sf] eljio g} pHHjn 5 . ;f]t ;'/Iff ug'{ kqsfl/tfsf] wd{ xf] . n]Vg]dfG5] g} kQf gnfUg'df slt ;Totf 5 < p5[v + n, cfklQhgs, tNnf]:t/sf ufnLunf}h ug'{ 7Ls xf]Og . jiff}b+{ ]lv kf6L{sf] sfd ub}{ lx“8]sf] Pp6f Sof8/ r'gfjL cleofgdf b'O{ rf/ lbg v6]sf] kqsf/sf] a/fa/L x}l;otdf g]tfx?n] pEofPsf 5g\ . o;nfO{ kqsf/x?n] v'zLsf] ljifo dfGg'k5{ . d'vn] eGb}df kTofO{ xfNg eg] ;lsGg . g]kfnsf g]tfx?df clxn];Dd eGg] Pp6f / ug]{ csf]{ kl/kf6L 5 . efif0fdf hlt eG5g\ Jojxf/df ub}g{ g\ . sltko cj:yfdf ug{ gldNg] s'/f klg efif0fsf ljifo ag]sf b]lvG5g\ . To;f] t g]tf kf]v]nn] kqsf/x?;“u af]n]sf] s'/f Jojxf/df kl/jt{g ug{ ;Dej 5 . kqsf/nfO{ Toqf] ;Ddfg lbbf sfo{stf{ lg/fzf x'g] s'/f xf]Og . lsgeg] ;a} sfo{stf{ g]tf x'g\ . pgLx? ;a}sf] ;xof]u kqsf/n] ug'k{ 5{ . oBlk kqsf/sf] kz+;f ul//x“bf ;~rf/ dfWodsf] cuk+lQmdf kz+;f ug{ 5'6fpg'xG' g . kqsf/n] n]v]sf] s'/f kf7s;Dd n}hfg] Pj+ Jofks agfpg] zlQm sf] xf] < To;df nufgL / d]xgt s] slt 5 < of] ljifonfO{ cf]em]ndf kfg'x{ G' g . arfpg'kg]{ kqsf/nfO{ xf] . Tof] ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 dfq} ;Dej 5 . ultnf] ;~rf/ dfWod gePsf] kqsf/nfO{ lbg/ft bf}8fP klg pknlAw x'b‘“ }g . JolQmnfO{ af]s]/ lx“8g\ ' p;nfO{ prfn]/ v'zL x'g t cfkm\gf Sof8/ 5“b}5g\ . h;n] kf6L{nfO{ cfjZos k/] /ut aufpg tof/ x'G5g\ . Pp6f kqsf/ s'g} kf6L{ / g]tfsf] nflu Hofg lbg sd} tof/ x'G5 .

To;f] xf] eg] kqsf/ ;“u} ;~rf/ dfWoddf ul/Psf] nufgL / arfpg] koTg vf]tNg}k5{ . clxn];Dd g]tf / kf6L{x?n] ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f ;Gtf]ifhgs 5}g . d'VodGqLsf bfj]bf/ kf]v]n kbdf k'u]kl5 kqsf/nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ 9f“rf abNg'k5{ . olta]nf w]/} ;~rf/ dfWodx? g]tfx? b]v]/ 8/fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . s]xL kf6L{sf sfdx? kf“r ;osf] klg ljZjf; ug{ g;lsg] x}l;ot ag]sf] 5 . xhf/

?k}of“n] kTofpg g;Sg] bn / g]tfn] Psk6s ldl8ofsf] tfstsf af/]df ;f]Rg}k5{ . ;~rf/ dfWoddf klg cf:yf x'G5 . To;nfO{ a9L :yfg ldN5 . To;sf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ 7fp“ / ;do lbg ;lsG5 .

Toltdf g]tfx? v'zL ePsf] kfO“b}g . 7"nf] kmf]6f];lxtsf] cGtjf{tf{, n]v, ;dfrf/df g]tfx?n] v'zL JoQm sd} u5{g\ . To;nfO{ kmf]s6 7fG5g\ . h;sf] jiff}; +{ Dd u'0fufg ufof] To;n] Ps xhf/ ?k}of“sf] lj1fkg lbg xft sdfp“5 . cem xfdf] kf6L{n] oqf] of]ubfg u/]sf] 5 olt ;fgf] ;xof]u klg lbg g;Sg] eg]/ emls{G5g\ . ToxL sf/0fn] klqsf aGb x'G5g\ eGg] a'em\b}gg\ . cfkm\gf] Tolt krf/ ug{ sfo{stf{df nufgL slt ug'k{ 5{ eGg] lx;fa klg 5}g .

Pshgf sfo{stf{nfO{ tL; lbg lx“8fn]kl5 e]6g\ ] eGbf s}of}; + Dd ldl8ofdf kf“r;o ?k}of“sf] lj1fkgn] k'U5 . Tof] sfo{stf{nfO{ eft dfq} v'jfpg] xf] eg] klg !% xhf/ a9L vr{ nfU5 . Ifdtfjfg g]tfsf] ultnf] cGtjf{tf{n] w]/}nfO{ slGeG; ul/;S5 . Pp6f sfo{stf{sf] dtbftfnfO{ a'emfpg] z}nL Tolt k'Ub}g . To;f] xf] eg] ldl8ofnfO{ lr9\ofpg] ls u'Gofpg] < ;f]Rg}k5{ . g]tf kf]v]nn] ldl8ofn] u/]sf] cfnf]rgf xflb{stfk"js { lng] klta4tf hgfpg'eof] . clxn] ;Ddsf] cj:yf x]bf{ g]tfx? u'0fufg dfq} rfxG5g\ . sltkon] cfkm\gf] efif0f gxfn]sf] ;dfrf/ dgk/fp“b}gg\ . sltn] gfd 5'6o\ f] eg] kqsf/nfO{ vf}lsG5g\ . of] kb]z kqsf/ / ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ ;+:sf/ ePsf]df ulgg]5 eGg] cfzf u/f}+ . lj1fkg / e'QmfgLsf qmddf dfUg]nfO{ h:tf] x]k]/ Jojxf/ ug]5 { }g . oxf“sf kf6L{x? /]6cg';f/sf] e'QmfgL u/]/ ;~rf/ dfWod arfpg kxn ug]5 { g\ . k"j; { ~rf/dGqL ;d]t /xg'ePsf kf]v]n d'VodGqL ePkl5 cfzf ug'k{ 5{ . kf6L{ sfof{nox?df k};f emfg{ hfg' h:tf] cK7]/f] c? 5}g . yf]/} kf6L{ / g]tfx? 5g\ h;n] k};f a'emfpg ;~rf/ dfWoddf cfkm} k'U5g\ . ltgn] ;~rf/ dfWodsf] dxTj a'em]sf 5g\ . clwsf+zn] cf]7] kz+;f t u5{g\ t/ dd{ a'em\b}gg\ . ;~rf/ dfWoddf sd{rf/L x'G5g\, ltgn] tnj vfG5g\, kljlw pks/0f Pj+ ;fduL lsGg'k5{ . Joj;fo xf] s/ ltg'k{ 5{ . vr{ cfDbfgLsf] lx;fj x'G5 eGg] yf]/}n] a'em]sf 5g\ . s]xL JolQmx? ;a} s'/f df]kmtdf

u uf]ljGb v8\sf ag]sf] 7fG5g\ . ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ dfu]/ vfg], To;} rNg], sdfpgnfO{ :yfkgf u/]sf] ?kdf Jojxf/ u5{g\ . h;n] ;~rf/ dfWod 8'Ab} uP/ aGb x'g] l:yltdf k'u]sf] x'G5 . efjL d'VodGqLn] kqsf/x?nfO{ u/]sf] klxnf] ;Daf]wg Jojxf/df plqof]] eg] lgs} cy{ /fVg] 5 . slDtdf kb]z sfof{non] ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ plrt ;Ddfg ug]5 { . h;af6 kmfObf x'b“ }g Tof] 5fKg h?/L 5}g . awfO{, ;dj]bgf jf ;"rgfsf] Ps xhf/ sdfpg ;Sg] pkfo gePsfn] 5'§} kf6L{ lsg vf]Ng] < st} c? kf6L{df ld;fP x'G5 . sdfO{ x'Gg eg] lsg c?sf] Joj;fodf kefj kg]{ u/L af]em aGg]] < ldl8ofdf 7"nf] ;dfrf/ / kmf]6f 5fk]/ v'zL x'g]n] To;nfO{ arfpg'kb}g{ < cjZo g} klxnf ;~rf/ dfWod aRg'k5{ . c?nfO{ pkof]u u/]/ cfkm" 7"nf] dfG5] aGg]x? km6fxf x'g h;n] pkof]usf] z'Ns ltb}g{ g\ . ltg'{ klg gkg]{ kmfObf klg lng] xf] eg] cfkm}n] To:tf ;fwg Psnf}6L rnfpg'k5{ . s07 x'g] u/L k6s–k6s hgdfg;df lkmhfpg] dfWod l;Q}df aGb}g . dtu0fgfkl5sf] ljho ¥ofnLs} qmddf k"j{ ;~rf/dGqL;d]t /xg'ePsf kf]v]n d+l;/ @# ut] ;d/]vf Dofulhgsf] ;ftf+} jif{sf] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'ge ' of] . ljlzi6 cltlysf] cf;gaf6 ljhokl5sf] klxnf] dGtJo lyof]– …kqsfl/tfdf jif{ yKg] s'/f klg cfkm}df pknlAwd"ns xf] . To;df klg ld;gdf cfwfl/t ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ clt wf} 5Ú eGg'ePsf] lyof] . o;n] klg kf]v]n ;~rf/ dfWodsf ;d:ofx?klt hfgsf/ /x]sf] a'emfp“5 . ;fj{hlgs cleJolQmn] ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ x]g]{ ;Ddfgsf] b[li6sf]0f abNg} g;lsg] agfPsf] 5 . ;a} g]tfx?n] ldl8of / Sof8/nfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f plrt agfpg}k5{ .

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(Dec. 17, 2017)

www.nayayougbodh.com/ E-mail: yougbodh@gmail.com

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q uf] ljGb v8\sf 3f] / fxL, ! k'; . b'O{ tLg nfOg a;] / sf/f] jf/ ug{ ;lsg] u/L 3/] n' lzNksnfsf] vfnL hldgdf km'6s/ Jofkf/LnfO{ yGsfOof] . To;kl5 d'vdf lem+uf a'emf] nfu] h:tf] t'n;Lk'/ rf] s 3f] / fxLdf laxfg} a:g] ;8s Jofkf/L x6] . pkfP geP/ ;8s sAhf ug'{k/] sf] sf/0f b] vfpg] ;fu;AhL tyf t/sf/L Joj;foL ;bf{ ;f“Rr} kl/jt{g b] lvPsf] lyof] . gjlgjf{lrt hgkltlglwx?n] klg xf} l;g] cj;/ kfPsf lyP . …xfdf] ultnf] kof;nfO{ gh/ nfOlbg'k¥of] Ú– 3f] / fxL–!% sf ;b:o Pj+ ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;+of] hs lbnLks'df/ l8;Ln] To;a] nf eGg'x'GYof] – …ca ahf/df hyfefjL s'g} sf/f] jf/ ug{ kfO“b} g .Ú 3f] / fxL 6fpg Knfg ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIf;d] t /xg'ePsf l8;Ln] ] eg] h:t} laxfgsf] ahf/ t'n;Lk'/ rf] saf6 ;¥of] . cGoq eg] vf;} km/s b] lvPg . olta] nf t'n;Lk'/ rf] s 3f] / fxLaf6 k"j{ hfg] a; cl8g] :yfg, g] kfn a} +ssf] cl3lNt/sf] ;8s k] 6L, zxLb u] 6 glhssf uf8L df] l8g] :yfg / bfdf] b/rf] ssf 3/sf k] l6x?df Jofkf/ eO/x] sf] 5 . To;afx] s ahf/el/ 7] nf u'8fpg] / a] Rb} lx“8\g] x? kz:t 5g\ . pgLx?dWo] w] / } n] abfd, ;'Gtnf / s] / fsf af] qmf /fVg] 8:6ljg ;d] t Joj:yf u/] sf 5} gg\ . …btf{ gePsf 7] nfx?n] lgod pNn+3g u/] sf 5g\Ú– ;+of] hs l8;Ln] eGg'eof] – …w] /}nfO{ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf nu] / hl/jfgf ul/Psf] 5 .Ú pxf“sf cg';f/ ljgfbtf{sfnfO{ kltaGw nufpg'sf] ljsNk 5} g h;n] xfdf] ahf/ s'?k agfP/ efUg] u/] sf 5g\ . ;+of] hs l8;Ln] lgjt{dfg sfo{sf/L clws[t s[i0fk;fb ;fksf] 6fsf] z} nL clxn] sfn] k5\ofpg h?/L /x] sf] atfpg'eof] . ;a} Psh'6 / s8fOsf ;fy guP ;Dej 5} g . pxf“n] eg] h:t} c;Dej b[Zo 3/] n' lzNksnfdf ;DofOPsf] :yfgdf b] Vg ;lsG5 . yf] / } hgf dfq lbp“;f] df a;] / Jofkf/ u5{g\ . c? ;a} ahf/el/ l5tl/Psf x'G5g\ . laxfgafx] s lbp“;f] sf] ;dodf kefj k/] sf] b] lvGg . ahf/ Joj:yfsf] z'?jft laxfg ufp“af6 cfpg] ;f] emfx?af6 u/] klg lbgel/ s/fp“b} lx“8\g] n] d] 6\g] u/] sf 5g\ . cj:yf p:t} b] lvbf hu k'l/g} kfPg . hgkltlglw cfPkl5 klg ahf/df ck] lIft Joj:yfkg x'g ;s] g . ;6{/ cufl8 nu] / 7] nfdf ;fdfg a] Rg] x?klt bfª pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3n] klg s8f cfklQ hgfPsf] 5 . ;+3sf cWoIf gf/fo0f e'';fnn] s'g}

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lgb] {zg, sfg"g gkv] {/ tTsfn x6fpg pkdxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ cfux ug'{ePsf] 5 . …;6/df a;] sf] x] l//xG5 . ;8sdf lkmHg] n] sdfO u/] sf] b] lvG5 . s;/L ef8f lt/] / a:g] <Ú– cWoIf e';fnn] eGg'eof] – …o;/L btf{ u/] sf Joj;foLnfO{ efUg] cj:yf l;h{gf ul/Psf] 5 . t'?Gt pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] kxn u/f] ;\ .Ú To;f] gul/P ;+3n] klg cfjZos sbd rfNg] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . ahf/ Joj:yfkgsf] hu xfn] sf] s] xL ;dod} kltlglw / kb] z;efsf] r'gfj cfof] . hf] / h'n'd u/L ef] 6 sdfpg] l;hg lyof] . hgkltlglwx?n] ahf/ Joj:yfkgaf6 Wofg r'gfjdf df] 8] . Tolt a] nf s;} nfO{ kL8f lbP ef] 6 36\g ;SYof] . To;;“u} Jo:t klg eP . hgkltlglw cfPkl5 sd{rf/Lx?n] ub} { cfPsf aflx/L sfd 5\jfª} 5f] 8] / x'n'sf ePsf 5g\ . sd{rf/Ln] jL; jif{ ;Dd af] s] sf] ef/L la;fPsf] dx;'; u/] sf 5g\ . To;n] ubf{ ahf/df l5q] sf ;8s Jofkf/LnfO{ Pslqt ug] { cleofg 7Kk} /f] lsof] . hgkltlglw gx'“bfsf] cj:yfd} ahf/ kmls{of] . k} bn ofqL lx8\g gldNg] u/L kmnkm"n t/sf/L a] Rg] n] cj/f] w u/] . 7] nf tyf l/S;fx? ;jf/L b'3{6gf kfg] { u/L rf] s–rf] sdf kfls{ª eP . af] qmf v;fn] sf] b] Vof] g} emlD6g cf“6\g] jftfj/0f tyf ljkt Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;+of] hs Pj+ 3f] / fxL–!$ sf cWoIf zlQm/fd 8f“uL lg/Gt/ nfUg] atfpg'x'G5 . j8f gful/s d~rsf] ;+of] hsaf6 z'? ePsf] cWoIf 8f“uLsf] ;/;kmfO cleofg lgjf{lrt j8fcWoIf x“'bf klg 6'6] sf] 5} g . a? df;' ;kmf :jR5 x'g'k5{, lem+uf elGsg] u/L 6+ufPsf] df;' a] Rg kfO“b} g eGbf cbfnt k'u] / Joj;foLn] df;' a] Rg /f] s nufof] eg] / d'2f lbP . cfkm\gf] cleofgdf slxNo} gxfg] { 8f“uL atfpg'x'G5 . t'ngfTds?kdf 3f] / fxL–!$ ;kmf b] lvg yfn] sf] 5 . 7] nf tyf l/S;f Joj;foL klg lyltdf a;] sf 5g\ . abfd

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf ckfª\utf ePsfx?sf nflu ePsf Joj:yfx? sfof{Gjog u/f}+ . g]kfn ;/sf/ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

vf“bf;d] t af] qmf cfuf] df xfNg ;Nnfx lbG5g\ . ;'Gtnf tyf cGo af] qmf / Knfli6ssf vf] n aflx/ km\of“Sg} kfO“b} g . l/S;f tyf 7] nfsf] nflu afndlGb/ glhs Joj:yf u/] sf] 8f“uLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . t/, z'?jft ul/xfNg cWoIf 8f“uLnfO{ klg ;lhnf] 5} g . s8fO ul/Ps} sf/0fn] xf] nf guNg] kmf] xf] / !! lbg;Dd 3/leq} /fv] sf] 3f] / fxL–!$ /fKtL 6f] nsf ljZj/fh Gof} kfg]n] ;'gfpg'eof] ] . ;dodf uf8L gk'Ubf leq /fv] / ;+slnt kmf] xf] / uNnL aflx/ lgsfNg'ePsf] lyPg . pxf“ h:t} ;a} h;f] n] l;QL ;8sdf kmf] xf] / kmfNb} gg\ . a} +s /f] 8 If] qdf tLg lbg ahf/ aGb u/] klg Joj;foLn] Knfli6s Pj+ cGo sr] / f aflx/ kmfNb} gg\ . l5l5 l3gl3g ub} { lx“8\g'kg] { ;8s tyf uNnL nueu 5} gg\ klg .

Jojl:yt zx/ d'Vo Ph] 08f /x] sf] 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf pkkd'v ;Ltf Gof} kfg] n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxf“n] jftfj/0f ;+of] hs zlQm/fd 8f“uLsf] ;+of] hsTjdf sfo{ljlw agfpg nfu] sf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ kmf] xf] / d} nf Joj:yfkg P] g @)^* df 6] s] / sfo{ljlw agfpg nfluPsf] 5 . rf“8} sfo{kflnsfaf6 kfl/t u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 . To;kl5 ultnf] ;“u ahf/ Joj:yfkg x'g] 5 . ahf/ Joj:yfgkg ug{ 3/] n' lzNksnfdf yflnPsf] cleofgn] k"0f{tf kfpg] 5 . ahf/ Jojl:yt / ;'Gb/ x'g] 5 . Gof} kfg] n] elg/x“bf 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf k"j{sfo{sf/L clws[t t'kmfg l;+x s] ;Lsf] lgb] {zgdf Ol~hlgo/ /fdwg >] i7n] g] t[Tj u/] sf] jftfj/0f zfvf clws[t ;'af] w /] UdL, ;"rgf zfvfsf k] d s] ;L, kfljlws jL/axfb'/ cf] nLnufotn] x6fPsf em\ofª 7l8g nfu] sf 5g\ . ahf/df ;6{/ aflx/ uf“;] sf efG;fx? ylkg nfu] sf 5g\ . p:t} u/L 8f]h/ l6Kk/ nu]/ lgod ljk/Ltsf ;+/rgf eTsfpg] xf] ls s'/f dfq} < x]g{ af“sL 5 .

cfjZostf cfjZostf cfjZostf ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv ;~rflnt /fKtL zfvf >Lv08 OG6/kfOh]h zfvfnfO{ sd{rf/L cfjZostf k/]sf] x'Fbf OR5's JolQmx?n] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ug'{xf]]nf .

Psn dlxnf, lk5l8Psf ;+VofM % hgf -dlxnf, k'?if_ blnt ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ljz]if ;+VofM @ hgf -u[lx0fL ;fwf/0f kfyldstf lbOg]5 . n]vk9_ ;Dks{ 3f]/fxL zxLbu]6 /f]8 nfO{g t'n;Lk'/ gu/kflnsf cufl8 df]= g+= (*@@((^(^% df]= g+= (*@@*^$)$% (*!@$#%%$%, (*^**@$))!, (*)(%&)@^) gf]6M ghfGg]nfO{ lgMz'Ns tflndsf] Joj:yf, tna sDkgLsf] lgodfg';f/ x'g]5 .

cfhsf] /fzLkmn g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb\ @)&$.)(.)@ ut] cfOtjf/ kf}if s[i0fkIf, ltly rt'b{zL, gIfq h]i7f cfh bfªsf] ;"of]{bo )&M)$M)$, ;"of{:t %M@%M)$

lhNnf zfvf, bfª Hof] = e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8] df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%!

d]if -r",r] ,rf] ,nf,nL,n",n] ,nf] ,c_M vr{ ubf{ xf]; k'¥ofP/ ug'{ /fdf] x'g5] . ckh;, Jojwfg / Jofj;flos 3f6f x'g ;Sg]5 . ofqf cz'e /xg ;S5 .

t'nf -/f,/L,?,/],/f] ,tf,tL,t",t] _M cfkm'n] u/]sf sfo{af6 nfe x'g]5 . k'/fgf] /sd p7\g]5 . >dsf] plrt d"Nofª\sg x'g]5 . lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfo ;jn /xg]5 .

j[if -O{,pm,P,cf] ,jf,lj,j",j] ,jf] _M cfo, cfDbfgL /fdf] /xg]5 . bfDkTo hLjg ;'vb\ /xg]5 . Jofj;flos ofqf ;Dej 5 . cWoog cWofkgdf ?lr 36\g5] .

j[lZrs -tf] ,gf,gL,g",g] ,gf] ,of,oL,o"_M /dfOnf] xf“;v]no'Qm lbgrof{ /xg]5, t/ klg dgdf stf–stf låljwf /xg]5 . b}lgs sfdx? ;'rf? /xg]5g\ .

ldy'g -sf,sL,s",3,ª,5,s] ,sf] ,x_M clwsf/ kflKtsf nflu ;+3if{ /x] klg kltikwf{df ljhoL eOg]5 . cfly{s, Joj;flos ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg x'g]5g\ .

wg' -o] ,of] ,ef,eL,e",w,kmf,9f,e] _M cfly{s ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsg]5 . 6f9fsf If]qaf6 v'zLsf] ;dfrf/ cfpg ;Sg]5 . n]gb]g ljjfb cfpg ;S5 .

ss{6 -xL,x",x] ,xf] ,8f,8L,8",8] ,8f] _M af}l4s If]qdf ?lr a9\g5] . ;Gtfgaf6 v'zL / ;Gtf]if ldNg]5 . kfl/jfl/s hLjgz}nL ;Gt'lnt /xg]5 . Jofj;flos nfe x'g5] .

ds/ -ef] ,hf,hL,h",h] ,hf] ,vf,vL,v",v] ,vf] ,uf,uL_M zq' ljho ug{ ;lsg]5 . cfTdansf ;fy k/fqmd ug{ ;lsg]5 . hflu/bf/sf] nflu dfg ;Ddfgdf a[l4 x'g ;Sg]5 .

l;+x -df,dL,d",d] ,df] ,6f,6L,6",6] _M g;f]+r]sf] wg kfKt x'g ;Sg]5 . r'gf}lt kG5fp“b} sfd agfpg ;lsg]5 . kfl/jfl/s ;xof]u / ljkl/t lnª\uLaf6 ;fy kfpg ;lsg]5 .

s'De -u",u] ,uf] ,;,;L,;',;] ,;f] ,b_M ;/sf/L / /f]lsPsf sfdsfhdf ;kmntf kfpg ;lsg]5 . ;dfhsf] g]t[Tj jxg ug{ ;lsg]5 . ldq e]6 x'g]5 .

sGof -6f] ,k,kL,k",if,0f,7,k] ,kf] _ M /f]lsPsf sfd k'gM ;'rf? x'g]5g\ . Jofj;flos nfe /fdf] x'g]5 . gof“ sfd ug]{ ;do 5 . kl/jf/hgsf] cfzf k'¥ofOPnf .

dLg -bL,b",y,em,~f,b] ,bf] ,rf,rL_ M k/f]ksf/df dg hfg]]5 . bz{g cWoflTdstfsf] ?lr a9\g]5 . dfGohgsf] cflzjf{b / efUosf] ;fy /xg]5 .

* gd:t] z'e laxfgL oxf“x?sf] lbgrof{ ;'vb\ /xf];\. * ;sn kbfy{ hudfxL sd{ ljg' kfjyfgxL– slj/ -;Gt_ .

CMYK

;dfrf/

b}lgs p7\b}g kmf]xf]/ af“s] , ! k'; . g] kfnu~h pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f sfof{nox? cfkm\gf] 7fp“sf] kmf] xf] / cfkm} Joj:yfkg ug] { tof/Ldf h'6] sf 5g\ . pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] lghL ;+: yf;“u ldn] / kmf] xf] / Joj:yfkg ul//x“bf hgu'gf;f] a9L cfPkl5 j8fWoIfx? cfkm} n] 6\ofS6/ lsg] / kmf] xf] / kmfNg] tof/Ldf h'6] sf x'g\ . j8f g+= ! sf j8fWoIf kdf] b l/hfnn] cu;/tf lnPsf] of] cleofgdf #, !@ / !* gDa/sf j8fWoIfn] rf;f] b] vfPsf 5g\ . pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf ;ftj6f / lghL ;+: yfsf cfwf bh{g 6\ofS6/n] b} lgs kmf] xf] / p7fO/x] klg ahf/af6 b} lgs kmf] xf] / Joj:yfkg x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . 3/, k;n, c:ktfn, xf] 6nx?af6 lg:s] sf] kmf] xf] / pxL lbg Joj:yfkg ePsf] 5} g . …gu/kflnsfn] b} lgs kmf] xf] / p7fp“b} g, 6f] naf;Ln] xfdLnfO{ ufnL u5{g\Ú– Ps gDa/sf j8fWoIf l/hfnn] eGg'eof] – …cfkm\g} 6\ofS6/ eof] eg] t kmf] xf] / klg p7fp“5, c? a] nf ufe] n Nofpg] –k'¥ofpg] sfd u5{ . o;n] bf] xf] / f] kmfObf x'G5 .Ú j8fs} of] hgfcGtu{t 6\ofS6/ lsGg] tof/L ePsf] 5 . j8f g+= ! sf cWoIfsf] …cfOl8ofÚklt c? j8fWoIfx?n] rf;f] b] vfO/x] sf 5g\ . gu/kflnsfn] clxn] ;a} j8fdf rf/÷rf/hgf :jLk/ k7fPsf] 5 .

6\ofS6/ lsg] kl5 oLafx] s b'O{hgf sd{rf/L kl/rfng ug'{kg] { j8fWoIfx? atfp“5g\ . g] kfnu~h gu/df clxn] #@ 6g;Dd b} lgs kmf] xf] / lgl:sg] u/] sf] 5 . To;df pkdxfgu/kflnsf / lghL ;+: yfn]

@% 6ghlt p7fpg] u/] sf 5g\ . c? kmf] xf] / ahf/df 5/k:6 x'G5 . ahf/df gu/kflnsfn] …/f] 6] ;gÚ sf cfwf/df kmf] xf] / p7fpg] u/] sf] 5 . g] kfnu~h ahf/ kmf] xf] / sf] zx/sf ?kdf kl/lrt 5 . :yfgLo lgsfosf] d"Nof+sg x'“bf g] kfnu~h kmf] xf] / n] ubf{ g} ;w} +h;f] k5fl8 kg] { ub{5 . r'gfjdf a] nf kmf] xf] / Joj:yfkg oxf“sf x/] s pDd] bjf/sf gf/f aGg] ub{5g\ . gu/kflnsfsf ;/;kmfO zfvfsf kd'v czf] s s] ;Ln] b} lgs ;+sng x'g] kmf] xf] / pxL lbg ;a} p7fpg g;s] klg klxnfsf] eGbf clxn] w] / } /fdf] ePsf] atfpg'eof] . gu/kflnsfn] 6f] n–6f] ndf 8:6lag klg /fv] sf] 5 . :yfgLon] To;df kmf] xf] / kmfn] sf] kfO“b} g . cfkm\gf] 3/, k;naf6 lgl:sg] kmf] xf] / Ps 7fp‘“df y'kf/] / gu/kflnsfsf] 6\ofS6/ cfp“bf xflnlbg] :yfgLosf] afgL g} 5} g . 3/leqaf6} kf] lnlygdf /fv] / ;8sdf kmf] xf] / kmfNg] ul/G5 . tL kmf] xf] / nfO{ gu/kflnsfn]

pxL lbg p7fpg ;Sb} g eg] 5f8f kz'n] vf] tn] / cf;kf;df lx“8\g g;Sg] u/L uGxfpg] ub{5 . g] kfnu~h pkdxfgu/kflnsf;“u kmf] xf] / kmfNg] 7fp“ klg 5} g . s] xL lbgotf gu/kflnsfn] km'N6] qmfdf kmf] xf] / kmfln/x] sf] 5 . lghL ;+: yfn] 9f] 8] ufp“df kmf] xf] / kmfln/x] sf] 5 . lx/ldlgofdf agfpg yfn] sf] 8lDkª;fO6sf] sfd ljjfbn] /f] lsPsf] 5 . kmf] xf] / Joj:yfkg hgkltlglw cfO;s] kl5 klg ;xh ePsf] 5} g . gu/kflnsfn] kl5Nnf] lbgdf :jLk/x?nfO{ j8f sfof{nosf] lhDdfdf k7fPsf] 5 . :yfoL sd{rf/L :jLk/n] j8fWoIfsf] lgb] {zgnfO{ a] jf:tf ug] { u/] sf 5g\ . ;f] tsf cg';f/, s] xL j8fn] :jLk/nfO{ kl/rfng ug{ g;s] sf] u'gf;f] ul/;s] sf 5g\ . …a'9fa'9L 5g\, eg] sf] dfGb} gg\, ;w} + sfd ug{ klg cfp“b} gg\Ú– ;f] tn] eGof] – …:yfoL sd{rf/L ePsf] bDe 5 . /fd/L sfd ub} {gg\ .Ú

kn]; bfªsf] :yfkgf lbj; k'; # ut] km"naf/Ldf sf+u];sf] sf/jfxL 3f] / fxL, ! k'; -o';_– kultzLn n] vs ;+3 g] kfn bfªn] cfkm\gf] @% cf} + :yfkgf lbj; 3f] / fxLdf dgfpg] ePsf] 5 . oxL k'; # ut] 3f] / fxLl:yt /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\sf] ;efxndf sfo{qmd cfof] hgf u/L @% cf} + :yfkgf lbj; dgfpg] ePsf] xf] . ljleGg ;i6fx?nfO{ ;Ddfg tyf k'/ :sf/ ljt/0f ub} { :yfkgf lbj; dgfpg] ePsf] xf] . To;sf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ tof/L tLa kfl/Psf] kultzLn n] vs ;+3 bfªsf cWoIf z/b clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;fy} sfo{qmd tof/Lsf nflu zlgjf/ 3f] / fxLdf kn] ;sf] a} 7s a;] sf] 5 . cWoIf clwsf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf a;] sf] a} 7sn] d~r Joj:yfkgdf ;x;lrj

gjLg clenfifL, kdf0fkq tyf ;Ddfgkqsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;lrj vu] Zj/ e08f/L / cfly{s Joj:yfkgsf nflu sf] iffWoIf 5ljnfn sf] lknfnfO{ lhDd] jf/L tf] s] sf] 5 . a} 7sn] /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\sf cWoIf k'?iff] Qd vgfnnfO{ :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df ;Ddfg ug] { lg0f{o u/] sf] 5 . ;fy} o;cufl8 kltef 5gf] 6 ;ldltn] u/] sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ljleGg ;i6fx?nfO{ k'/ :s[t ug] { / jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ gf/fo0fk;fb zdf{sf] kd'v cfltYotfdf sfo{qmd ug] { lg0f{o u/] sf] 5. ;fy} sfo{qmddf pkl:yltsf nflu cWoIf z/b clwsf/Ln] ;Dk"0f{ ;flxTosf/, ;flxTocg'/ fuLx?nfO{ cg'/ f] w ug'{ePsf] 5 .

kfON;, lkm:6'nf / lkm;/sf] pkrf/ bfªd} ==== s] tkfOF u'båf/;DaGwL ;d:ofx? h:t} – kfON;, lkm:6'nf, lkm;/, lb;f ubf{ /ut cfpg] , u'båf/df 3fp x'g] , lg/Gt/ lkk aUg] , df;' lgl:sPsf] h:tf] x'g] cflb ;d:ofx? 5g\ < cfo'j] b{ sf] ljlzi6 lrlsT;f k4lt /x] sf] Iff/;"q ljlwaf6 ;kmn lrlsT;f ub} { cfpg'ePsf cfo'j] b{ lrlsT;sx?åf/f pkrf/ ul/G5 . ;fy} bfª lhNnfd} klxnf] k6s xft, v'§f, 9f8 b'Vg] , o'l/s Pl;8, cfdjft, Kof/fnfOl;;, xft, v'§f n'nf] x'g] cflb /f] ux?sf] nflu k~rsd{ ljlwåf/f pkrf/ u/fOG5 .

Analizer ;lxtsf] Nofa tyf Kofyf] nf] hL kl/If0f ;] jf klg pknAw 5 . la/fdL r] shf“r x'g] ;do M laxfg & ah] b] lv ;fFem % ah] ;Dd ;Dks{ Mg] r/ s] o/ ;fd'bflos c:ktfn h] ;L; /f] 8 3f] / fxL, bfª -o'uaf] w a;] sf] 3/ bf] ;f] tnf_ ;Dks{ g+= )*@–%^)^!% gf] 6 M h] i7 gful/ s ;] jf cGtu{t ^) jif{eGbf dflysf a[4a[4fx?sf nflu c:ktfsf] ;] jfdf %)Ü 5'6 .

5fnf tyf of}g /f]u ljz]if1 8f= 3f]/fxL bfªdf -oxL kf}if & ut]sf lbg_

wgjGt/L cfo'j]{b xl:k6n P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ sf7df8f} +sf jl/i7 5fnf tyf of} g /f]u ljz]if1 8fS6/åf/f oxL kf}if & ut]sf lbg :jf:Yo kl/If0f ul/g] x'“Fbf ljz]if1 ;]jfsf] nfe lng'xf];\ .

8fS6/åf/f lbg] pkrf/ ;]jfx? M

5fnf M cg'xf/df ePsf bfu, 8l08kmf]/, rfof, sfnf]kf]tf] , sf]7L, kmf]sf, b'jL, d';f, lhp lrnfpg] , PnhL{ tyf ;Dk"0f{ 5fnfhGo /f]ux?sf] ;kmn pkrf/ ;]jf .  zL3 ktg, wft' v:g] , of}g ;Gt'li6 gx'g] , pd]/cg';f/ of}g c+usf] ljsf; gePsf], ln+u pQ]hgf gx'g] cflb ;d:ofx?sf] ;kmn pkrf/ .  dlxgfjf/L u8a8L, tNnf] k]6 b'Vg], ;]tf] kfgL aUg], of}gL lrnfpg], ;?jf of}ghGo /f]ux?, of}g c+usf] ljsf; gePsf] .  l;kmln;, ugf]l/of tyf cGo ;?jf of}g/f]ux? / xdf]g{ n ;d:ofx?sf] ;kmn pkrf/ . cg'xf/df ePsf sf]7L, 8l08kmf]/ / kmf]sfsf] cTofw'lgs d]lzgsf] kof]uåf/f pkrf/ ul/g] ePsfn] To:tf lj/fdLn] oyfzL3 ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf .

lj/fdL hf“Rg] ldlt tyf ;do M oxL kf}if & ut]sf lbg

kmf]gaf6 klg gfd btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

dftf dgsfdgf cf/f]Uo lSnlgs kf= ln=

km"naf/L, ! k'; -o';_– g] kfnL sf+u] ; t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !# km"naf/L j8f OsfO{ ;ldltn] kf6L{nfO{ cGt3f{t ug{] sfo{st{fnfO{ sf/jfxL u/]sf] 5 .

OsfO{ ;efklt 8Da/axfb'/ Gof} kfg] sf] cWoIftfdf zlgjf/ k"mnaf/Lsf] luwlgofdf a;] sf] a} 7sn] o; k6ssf] kltlglw;ef / kb] z ;ef r'gfjdf cGt3f{t ug{]

lqmofzLn ;b:onfO{ sf/jfxL u/] sf] OsfO{ pk;efklt ljgf] b kf08] n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . a} 7sn] kf6L{sf lqmofzLn ;b:o s'naxfb'/ kf08] , uf] ljGb ;'j] bL, sd/fh rf} w/L / b'uf{ ljsnfO{ ;fwf/0f ;b:o;d] t g/xg] u/L sf/jfxL u/] sf] 5 . a} 7sn] :j=hnjL/ rf} w/L, rGbjL/ rf} w/L / l8NnLaxfb'/ vqLsf] lgwgklt zf] s k:tfj kfl/t u/] sf] 5 .

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8f= lk=Pg= emf= åf/f ;~rflnt lzjd\ cf/f]Uo s]Gbdf c? yk pTs[i6 ;] jf ;'ljwfsf ;fy kTo]s lbg lj/fdL r] shf“rF eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .

8f= åf/f lbOg] ;] jfx? M k'?if M k'?ifsf] of} g;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;d:ofx?sf] ;kmn pkrf/, l;kmln;, ugf] l/of, of} gf+uaf6 lkk aUg] , lk;fa kf] Ng] , of} g zlQmdf sdL, zL3 :vng, wft' /f] u, of} g rfxgfdf sdL . dlxnf M dlxnfdf x'g] ;Dk"0f{ of} ghGo ;d:ofsf] ;kmn pkrf/, wft' /f] u, lk;fa kf] Ng] , ;+qmldt of} ghGo ;d:of, 3fp, vl6/f, kfgL aUg] , dlxgfjf/Ldf ;d:of, tNnf] k] 6 b'Vg] , 9f8 b'Vg] cflb .

5fnf M 5fnf;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;d:ofsf] ;kmn pkrf/ . 8l08kmf] / , sfnf] rfofFkf] tf] , ;] tf] b'aL, PnhL{, 3fp, vl6/f cflb . lgM;Gtfgkg M dlxnf k'?ifdf x'g] lg;Gtfgkg ;DaGwL ;d:ofsf] ;kmn pkrf/ tyf k/fdz{ . cGo /f] ux? M Uofli6«s, cN;/, kfoN;, lkm;/, lkm:6'nf, hl08;, tyf ljleGg ksf/sf dfgl;s ;d:ofsf] ;kmn pkrf/ .

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;Dks{ M 3f]/fxL, bfª -t'n;Lk'/ rf]sb]lv !)) ld= klZrd b]p/fnL bf] xf]/L ;fFemsf] bf];f] tNnfdf_ gf] 6 M zlgjf/ tyf ljbfsf] lbg klg lSnlgs v'Nnf x'g] 5 .

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;+/ If0f, ;+j4{g / ljsf;sf lglDt ;/sf/L tyf lghL If] qx?;“u xft] dfnf] u/] / cufl8 a9\g] , o;sf nflu :jb] zL pTkfbgnfO{ pkef] Qmf;“u ;f] emf] ;Dks{ :yfkgf u/fp“b} gof“ pBf] u :yfkgfsf nflu kf] T;fxg / cf} Bf] lus ;Defjgfsf] vf] hLdf of] kbz{gLn] 6] jf k'Ug] ljZjf; cfof] hsn] u/] sf 5g . kbz{gLsf d'Vo p2] Zox¿ kljlwaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg] , pBf] uL / pkef] Qmfx¿aLr ;f] emf] ;Dks{ :yfkgf ug] {, pTkflbt j:t'x¿sf] ahf/ kj4{g / u'0ffTds klt:kwf{sf] ljsf; ug] { /x] sf 5g\ .

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b08kfl0f l3ld/] nufott] /rgf jfrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cfufdL @)^ cf} + >[+vnf df3 ^ ut] ubfw/ kf} 8] nsf] ;+of] hsTjdf lql;4] Zj/L dlGb/ t'n;Lk'/ df x'g] lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 .

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ug] { d'Vo p2] Zo /x] sf 5g\ . kbz{gL cjlwdf kljlw kbz{gL, ;"rgf s] Gbsf] :yfkgf / k;f/0f, cf} Bf] lus uf] i7L, sfo{zfnf / cGtlq{mofsf] cfof] hgf, ;f+: s[lts sfo{qmd, ko{6g ;"rgf s] Gb, n'lDagL bz{g ofqf sfo{qmd, pTkfbgsf] ks[ltcg';f/ ufdsf] Aoj:yf, elnjn kltof] lutf ;~rfng ul/g] ePsf] 5 . kbz{gLdf cf} Bf] lus kljlw, ;"rgf kljlw, /] i6'/ ] G6, c6f] , s[lif, x:tsnf, km\nf] l/sNr/, ufd] {G6, a] s/L tyf sGkm] S;g/L, 5fnfh'Qf, vfBfGg, cfO6Lnufotsf s/Lj kf“r ;o :6n /xg] 5g\ . kbz{gL ;DkGg ug{sf nflu ;+3sf cWoIf lbg] z/fh /] UdLsf] ;+of] hsTjdf !)! ;b:oLo d"n ;ldlt, %! ;b:oLo ljz] if ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt, @%! ;b:oLo ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt, k"j{ cWoIfx? /x] sf] ljz] if d"Nof+sg ;ldlt, @& j6f ljleGg pk;ldltx? u7g u/L sfd clGtd r/0fdf k'u] sf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 . kbz{gLsf] s/Lj ^ nfv bz{sn] cjnf] sg ug] { / @) s/f] 8sf] sf/f] jf/ x'g] cg'dfg cfof] hsn] u/] sf 5g\ .

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Nepal Bank Limited, Ghorahi branch Of ce Account no : 027030000000004001044 (for bid document cost) ef} r/sf] O:Soflgª u/L /fVg'kg] {5 .

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7]Ssf g+=

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NCB/GOODS/GS MC/2074-075/04

Refuse Compactor Vehicle (As per Approved Technical Specification)

af]nkq kmf/d b:t'/ ?=

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bpun.magar@gmail.com

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t'n;Lk'/ 3f]/fxL /f]8df rfn'' cj:yfdf /x]sf] a''l6s k;n ljqmLdf ePsf]n] t' ;Dks{ ug'{x]fnf .

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jflif{sf] T;jsf] cj;/df ljBfnodf cWog/t 5fq5fqfx?n] ljleGg ;f+: s[lts g[To, ufog / gf6s k:t't u/] sf lyP . To;sf ;fy} pgLx?n] cfkm\ gf] ljleGg snf / k:t'ltx? klg kbz{g u/] sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ljBfnon] 5fq5fqfx?nfO{ ljleGg ljwfdf k'/ :s[t u/] sf] lyof] . ljBfnosf] jflif{s k/LIffdf ;a} eGbf w] / } c+s kfKt ug{] 5fq dlgif of] uL, ;a} eGbf a9L pkl:yt ePsf 5fq /d] z rf} w/L, 5fqf ;:jtL nD;fn, To:t} cg'zfl;t tkm{ ?ks rf} w/LnfO{ k'/ :s[t ul/Psf] lyof] . ljBfnodf :yfkgf ul/Psf !% j6f cIfosf] ifaf6 cGo ljleGg ljwfdf / cltl/Qm lqmofsnfkx?df kyd, låtLo / t[tLo

;Gt'lnt ljsf; gLlt agfpg kxn u5f{} +M ;f+;bx¿ o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf Ko'7fg, ! k'; .

Ko'7fgaf6 kltlglw / kb] z ;ef ;b:odf lgjf{lrt ;f+;bx¿n] ;du Ko'7fgsf] ljsf;sf nflu ;Gt'lnt ljsf; gLltcg'¿k sfd ug{] klta4tf JoQm u/] sf 5g\ . zlgjf/ g] kfn kqsf/ dxf+;3 ;"rgf s] Gb ljh'jf/df ePsf] gjlgjf{lrt hgkltlglwnfO{ clegGbg tyf awfO{ sfo{qmddf kltlglw / kb] z ;f+;bx¿n] cfd Ko'7fgL dtbftfnfO wGojfb lbb} ;du ljsf;df

;xof] u ug{ clkn u/] sf 5g\ . k] ; rf} tf/L, k] ; ;] G6/ / kultzLn kqsf/ ;3n] ;+o'Qm¿kdf cfof] hgf u/] sf] sfo{qmddf pgLx¿n] jfd u7aGwgnfO{ Pstfa4 / Ko'7fgL hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df kl/jt{g u/fpg ldl8ofsf] ljsf;df nflukg{] atfP . /fli6«o hgdf] rf{, dfcf] jfbL s] Gb / Pdfn] af6 lgjf{lrt eP klg ;+o'Qm¿kdf ljsf; ug{] pgLx¿sf] egfO lyof] . kltlglw;ef ;b:o b'uf{ kf} 8] nn] Ko'7fgL hgtfn] cfkm"x¿nfO{ ljsf;sf] cfzfn] lhtfPsf] atfpg'eof] .

sf]7/Ldf df3L ljz]if ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd x'g] o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf 3f]/fxL, ! k'; . sf]7/Ldf df3L ljz]if ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd x'g] ePsf] 5 . ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ljsf;sf] cfwf/, :yfgLo kltef, snf, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] phfu/ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy oxL k'; ^ b]lv !! ut];Dd df3L ljz]if ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd x'g] ePsf] xf] . t'n;Lk'/ pk– dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !% l:yt sf] 7/Ldf df3L kj{nfO{ nlIft u/L ;f+: s[lts sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ yflnPsf] sfo{qmd ;+of] hs ;'lgn lj;Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . af08?6 OG6/6] Gd] G6 bfªsf] cfof] hgfdf 5 lbg;Dd ;~rfng x'g] ;f+: s[lts sfo{qmddf :yfgLo / k/fDk/fut ;f+: s[lts g[To, nf] suLt, nf] sg[Tonufot ljleGg kltof] lutfx?

;~rfng ul/g] lj;Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;f+: s[lts sfo{qmddf ljleGg afn pBfgsf ;fduLx? df} tsf s'jf, lkª, hfb"u/Lb] lv :yfgLo pTkfbgsf :6nx?;d] t /xg] sfo{qmd ;+of] hs lj;Ln] atfpg'eof] . %) eGbf a9L Jofkfl/s :6nx? /xg] sfo{qmddf kj] z z'Ns Ps ;o ?k} of“ tf] lsPsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf bz{sx?nfO{ /dfOnf] ug{sf nflu :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o:t/df VofltkfKt snfsf/x?sf] k:t'lt /xg] atfOPsf] 5.

To;sf] nflu bfªdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] klxnf] ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmddf /fh]z xdfn ;xefuL x'g] sfo{qmd /x]sf] cfof]hsn] atfPsf] 5 eg] Hof]lt du/, v'dg clwsf/L, /fdhL vf“8nufotsf snfsf/x?sf] k:t'lt /xg] cfof]hsn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

k': tsfnoåf/f s[ifsnfO{ tflnd u9jf, ! k'; -o';_– b] pv'/ L ;fd'bflos k': tsfno tyf ;f] ts] Gbsf] cfof] hgf tyf l/8 g] kfnsf] ;xof] udf z'qmjf/b] lv ;fgf Aoj;fosf nflu b'Uw pTkfbs ls;fgx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ;DaGwL tLglbg] tflnd z'? ePsf] 5 . ;f] ts] Gbsf cWoIf xl/ kf] v] nsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] tflnd pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf kz' ;] jfs] Gb u9jfsf

j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] cfsif{0f 36]g

kz'lrlsT;s l8NnLaxfb'/ 8f“uL / kz'kfljlws v] d rf} w/Ln] klzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf u9jf ufp“kflnsf j8f g+= ^ sf ;b:o >L/fd ofbj / ;xefuL hn] vf vft'g nufotn] af] Ng'ePsf] lyof] . tflnddf #$ hgf s[ifsx?sf] ;xeflutf 5 . pb\3f6g sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng tflndsf ;+of] hs k6jf/L ofbjn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

ePsf 5fq5fqfx?nfO{ k'/ :s[t ul/Psf] lyof] . To:t} ljdn :d[lt k'/ :sf/af6 ljBfnodf cWoog /t ckfË / c;Qm 5fq5fqfx?nfO{ 5fqa[lQ kbfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ljBfnosf lzIfs ch{'gs'df/ rf} w/Lsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmddf ljlzi6 cltly gf/fo0fk;fb zdf{, j8f g+= !& sf cWoIf v'zL/fd rf} w/L, /em] gf ;f] ts] Gbsf ;f] tJolQm /fdk;fb h} zL, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf k"j{cWoIf bfdf] b/ ;'j] bL, g] skf Pdfn] sf odk;fb cfrfo{, t'nk;fb l3ld/] nufotn] af] Ng'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f ljBfnosf pkkwfgfWofks ;gd kf} 8] n / lzIfs ch'{g rf} w/Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

af“s], ! k';, . lhNnf kzf;g sfof{no af“s] af6 cf} ;tdf dfl;s cf7 ;ohgfn] /fxbfgL agfpg] u/] sf 5g\ . gful/stf agfPsf] ef] lnkN6} /fxbfgL agfpg] dfq} xf] Og, tTsfn rflxof] eg] / b'tultsf] l;kmfl/; af] s] / sf7df8f} + hfg] sf] ;+Vof klg sd 5} g . r'gfjsf a] nfdf /fhgLlts bn Pj+ pDd] bjf/n] lhNnfd} /f] huf/ l;h{gf ug] { lrNnf klta4tf ug{ eg] 5f] 8] gg\ . ;fpgb] lv sflt{s d;fGt;Dddf af“s] af6 Ps xhf/ b'O{ ;o *) hgfn] /fxbfgL lnPsf 5g\ . of] cjlwdf kf“r ;o tLghgfn] b't / Ps xhf/ rf/ ;o (* hgfn] ;fdfGo l;kmfl/; lnP/ uPsf 5g\ . j} b] lzs /f] huf/df hfgsf nflu l56f] /fxbfgL vf] Hg] x? w] / } g} cfpg] lhNnf kzf;g sfof{nosf kmf“6jfnfx? atfp“5g\ . bz} +, ltxf/ / r'gfjsf] /f} gsn] of] cjlwdf /fxbfgL agfpg] sf]

;+Vof cln sd ePsf] sd{rf/Lx?sf] egfO 5 . lhNnf kzf;g sfof{nosf /fdrGb >] i7sf cg';f/ rf/ xhf/ b'O{ ;o %# hgfn] gful/stf agfp“bf tLg xhf/ b'O{ ;o *! hgfn] /fxbfgL lnPsf 5g\ . of] cjlwdf Ps xhf/ cf7 ;o $^ hgfn] gful/stfsf] kltlnlk lnPsf 5g\ .

Psflt/ t] ;f] d'n's t csf] {lt/ ef/tdf sfd ug{ hfg] g] kfnLsf] ;+Vof lbgfg'lbg a9\b} uPsf] 5 . bz} +, ltxf/ / r'gfj ;lsPkl5 olta] nf g] kfnu~h gfsfaf6 ef/tsf ljleGg zx/df sfd ug{ hfg] g] kfnLsf] nsf] { g} nfu] sf] 5 . hd'gfxf gfsfaf6 b} lgs Ps xhf/ a9L g] kfnLx? ef/tlt/ uO/x] sf 5g\ . ef/t tyf t] ;f] d'n'sdf j} b] lzs /f] huf/sf nflu b} lgs xhf/f} + g] kfnLx? uO/x] sf 5g\ . vf8Ldf uP/ ;:tf] df sfd ug{' k/] klg Ps} k6s cfpg] ePsfn] b] lvg] u/] sf] ;Da4x? atfp“5g\ .

;dfrf/

df;' Joj;foLåf/f cfkm}n] u/]sf] ;xdlt pNn+3g

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf ! k'; .

3f] / fxL, 3f] / fxL ahf/df /x] sf df;' Joj;foLx?n] cfkm} n] u/] sf] ;xdlt pNn+3g u/] / df;' laqmL ul//x] sf 5g\ . uPsf] c;f] h @$ ut] 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ePsf] 5nkmndf df;' Joj;foLx?n] l8lkmhdf /fv] / df;' laqmL ug] { ;xdlt u/] sf lyP . c;f] h @* ut] b] lv df;' k;n ;a} n] btf{ ug] {, ;kmf /fVg] , cs+'zdf gem'08\ofpg] , l8 lkmhdf /fVg] , hfnL tyf l;;fsf] kof] u gug] {, d"No ;"rL clgjfo{ /fVg] , v;L, af] sf / afvfsf] df;' 5'6\6f 5'6\6} /fVg] nufotsf ljifodf Joj;foLx?n] ;xdlt hgfPsf lyP . t/ pgLx?n] pQm

;xdlt sfof{Gjog eg] gu/] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . gu/ kd'v g?nfn rf} w/L;lxtsf] 6f] nLn] zlgjf/ ahf/ ;/;kmfOsf qmddf df;' k;nx?sf] ;d] t lg/LIf0f u/] sf] xf] . Joj;foLx?n] cfkm} n] u/] sf ;xdlt kfngf gu/] sf] b] lvPsf] / l5§} pgLx?nfO{ 5nkmnsf nflu af] nfpg] gu/ kd'v rf} w/Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . cg'udgs} qmddf o;cl3 klg pgLx?n] c6] / L u/] sf] km] nf k/] kl5 @$ lsnf] df;' hkmt ul/Psf] lyof] . df;' Joj;foLx?n] clxn] klg kz'x?sf] :jf:Yo hf“rlag} aw ug] {, v'nf?kdf lvof nfu] sf c+s'zdf em'08\ ofP/ a] Rg] , lkmhsf] kof] u gug] { / ;/;kmfOdf Wofg glbPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

lahf} / L pjf;+3df lgdf{0f ;ldlt u7g

e] l6Psf] h/fof] lgs'~hdf 5f] l8of] t'n;Lk'/ , ! k'; -o';_– bfªsf] b+uLz/0f ufp“kflnsf–$ lah'nLk'/ df e] l6Psf] h/fof] nfO{ af“s] /fli6«o lgs'~hdf 5f] l8Psf] 5. b'O{ ;o lsnf] sf] ^ l;ª] h/fof] nfO{ 6] S6/df /fv] / af“s] /fli6«o lgs'~hdf nu] / 5f] l8Psf] ;] S6/ jg sfof{no t'n;Lk'/ sf km/] i6/ w'j uf} tdn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . zlgjf/ laxfg aaO{sf] l9sdf h/fof] b] vf k/] kl5 lah'nLk'/ sf :yfgLon] lgoGq0fdf lnP/ kx/LnfO{ va/ u/] sf lyP .

lahf} / L, ! k'; -o';_– lahf} / L pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu ;ft ;b:oLo lgdf{0f ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . lahf} / L pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf d'Qmaxfb'/ cf] nL -d's] z_ sf] cWoIftfdf ;ft ;b:oLo ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] xf] . ;ldltsf ;b:ox?df b'uf{axfb'/ vqL, df] xg 3tL{, cfgGb uf} td, Zofds'df/ /] UdL, bfdf] b/ a:g] t -/fs] z_, cgf] bs'df/ b] jsf] 6f x'g'x'G5 . To;} u/L sdfgl;x+ v8sfsf] ;+of] hsTjdf cg'udg ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ;ldltsf ;b:ox?df uf] s0f{ kf} 8] n,

5f] / fnfO{ sfvf 5f] / LnfO{ kfvf gu/f} +

k] dgfy of] uL, /] ZdL/fh v8\sf, bLkss'df/ a:g] t, k'ikf 8f“uL, lzj/fh s] ;L, ksfz /] UdL / afns[i0f /] UdL x'g'x'G5 . pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf d'Qmaxfb'/ cf] nLsf] cWoIftfdf a} 7s a;] sf] lyof] .

To;} u/L kTo] s dlxgfsf] clGtd z'qmjf/ ub} { cfPsf] ;/;kmfO sfo{qmd ul/Psf] lyof] . z'qmjf/ ePsf] sfo{qmddf Jofkf/L, pBf] uL, kx/Lsf] ;xeflutf lyof] . ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu jfl0fHo ;+3sf pkfWoIf n] vgfy vqLsf] ;+of] hsTjdf cfly{s ;ldlt o;cl3 g} u7g ul/Psf] 5 .

xflb{s >4f~hnL tyf s[t1tf cfof] 6Kk l6Kof] nUof] ldlt k'Uof] 6f/] / 6b} {g Tof] .

OGb} laGtL u?g\ em's] / kbdf Tof] laGtL dfGb} g Tof] ..

hGd M @)@@ ;fn

d[To' M @)&$.)*.!(

d]/f >Ldfg÷ xfdf efO, b]j/, bfh', h]7fh', a'jf, ;;'/f, h]7fg wd{axfb'/ dx/fsf] oxL @)&$ d+l;/ !( ut]sf lbg %@ jif{sf] pd] / df ePsf] c;fdlos lgwgn] xfdL ddf{xt ePsf 5f} + . cfh !# cf} + lbgsf] k'0oltlydf lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/zflGtsf] sfdgf ub{} xflb{s >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5f} + . o; b'Mvb\ 38Ldf xfdLklt ;xfg'e"lt, ;dj] bgf ks6 ug'{x'g] ;d:t O{i6ldq aGw'afGwj, 5/l5d] sklt xflb{s s[t1tf 1fkg ub{5f} + .

>LdtL M lgdf dx/f 5f]/f÷a'xf/L M

lul//fh dx/f÷lzjf dx/f lxdfn dx/f 5f]/L÷HjfO“ M

ljgf dx/f÷cfsfz k'g 5fof dx/f÷kbLk s]=;L= ljGb' dx/f Pj+

bfh'÷efph' M

ydaxfb'/ dx/f÷k"0ff{b]jL dx/f sfn'/fd dx/f÷ SjfF/L dx/f efO÷a'xf/L M

jnaxfb'/ dx/f÷lu/f dx/f lbbL M l6sf jnL alxgL÷HjfO“ M

e'df vqL÷odaxfb'/ vqL

;d:t dx/f kl/jf/ a+unfr'nL–^ l/efg, bfª

;lsg]5 . /2

CMYK

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@)&$ ;fn k'; @ ut] cfOtjf/

(Dec. 17, 2017)

;dfrf/

www.nayayougbodh.com/ E-mail: yougbodh@gmail.com

l;h{gzLn / Jojxfl/s kx/L / gful/saLr ndxLdf gf6\ozfnf lzIffsf] ljsf; u/f+} M Gof}kfg] o'uaf] w ;dfrf/ bftf

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf 3f] / fxL, ! k'; . lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf ;xk/LIff lgoGqs tLy{/ fh Gof} kfg] n] casf] k0ffnLnfO{ l;h{gfTds / hLjgf] kof] uL lzIffsf ?kdf ljsf; ug{'kg{] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . kßf] bo SofDk; 3f] / fxLn] zlgjf/ 3f] / fxLdf cfof] hgf u/] sf] ljljP; kyd jif{df cWoog/t ljBfyL{x?sf] :jfut sfo{qmddf af] Nb} Gof} kfg] n] o:tf] atfpg'ePsf] xf] . kßf] bo SofDk; lzIfs–ljBfyL{ ;dGjo ;ldltsf cWoIf cd/ 3tL{ du/sf] cWoIftf Pj+ lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf ;xk/LIff lgoGqs tLy{/ fh Gof} kfg] sf] kd'v cfltYotf tyf SofDk; Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:o /d] zs'df/ kf08] sf] ljlzi6 cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf kd'v cltly Gof} kfg] n] kl5Nnf] ;dosf] lzIff 3f] sGt] ljBfdf cfwfl/t /x] sfn] ca Tof] 3f] sGt] ;+: sf/sf] cGTo u/L l;h{gzLn / Jojxfl/s lzIffsf] ljsf; ug{'kg{] atfpg'eof] . g] kfndf

of}glx+;fsf=======

lhNnfdf dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3g tyf xgg\sf $@ j6f 36gf ;fj{hlgs u/ ] sf] 5 . h;cg';f/ dlxnf lx+;fsf !! j6f / ax'ljjfxsf tLgj6f 36gf 5g\ . o: t} ;DklQ tyf ;+/ rgfsf] Ifltsf b'O{, lu/ km\tf/ Lsf kf“r, wDsL tyf s'6lk6sf Ps / xTofsf] Pp6f 36gf OG;] sn] ;fj{hlgs u/ ] sf] 5 . dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ / Ifs ;~hfnsL cWoIf ;f] ljtf a: g] tsf] cWoIftf tyf kqsf/ k'?iff] Qd lu/ Lsf] ;~rfngdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf OG;] s kltlglw dLgf a'9fyf] sLn] ;g\ @)!& df OG;] sn] ;+sng

u/ ] sf dfgjclwsf/ xgg\sf 36gf ;DaGwL kltj] bg k: t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf lhNnfsf ;/ sf/ L sfof{nosf kltlglw, kzf;s, lhNnf cbfnt tyf lhNnfdf lqmofzLn dfgjclwsf/ jfbL ;+: yfsf kltlglw, kqsf/ , u} / ;/ sf/ L lgsfosf kltlglwnufot @% hgfsf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

/ht=======

laxfg !) ah] ;+3sf] ;efxndf / ht dxf] T;j, ;+3sf ultljlw / tof/ Lsf af/ ] df kqsf/ e] 63f6 sfo{qmd cfof] hgf ug{ nfu] sf] ;+3sf k] ; ;Nnfxsf/ z/ b / ] UdLn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] .

ch]{G6 hj != Nofj cl;:6]g 3f]/fxL km'n6fOd– ! hgf @= lkmlhof] y]/fkL k;{g ,, –! hgf #= j]6/– !) km'n6fOd÷kf6{ 6fOd 3f]/fxL $= s's– ^ hgf 3f]/fxL km'n 6fOd %= Light 8«fOe/ @ hgf 3f]/fxL km'n 6fOd ^= l/;]K;g– % hgf 3f]/fxL, bfª &=clkm; js{/ s]6L km'n 6fOd– ! hgf d];÷:sfg hfg]sf] *= ;]N;Dofg– # hgf 3f]/fxL km'n6fOd -Eofgdf lx8\g]_

(= 5fkfvfgf js{/– ! hgf 3f]/fxL km'n6fOd

;Dks{M hgzlQm s]Gb

e/tk'/ SofDk;u]6, bfª df]= (*$%!(***# -g]; Sofkm] lkm jfOkmfO{ xf]6n glhs+_

3/ ef8fdf 3f]/fxL ldngrf]s l:yt, lsrgdf kfgL cfpg] Joj:yf ePsf] sf]7fx? jf kmNof6 lng rfxg]n] ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf . ;Dks{

(*$&(&^*%^

egf{ v'Nof] Û egf{ v'Nof] ÛÛ egf{ lnOg] xfdf sfo{qmd tyf ljifox? :gfts tx B.ed. Science df l;6 l;ldt ePsf]n] l56f] eGbf l56f] ug{'xf]; . ;Dks{ g+= )**–$))!!$ -laxfg dfq _ (*%&*$$))%,(*$&*$$^%! -h'g;'s} ;dodf_ l Account ljifo cWofkgsf nflu k"0f{sfnLg ;xfos kfWofkssf] cfjZos ePsf]n] O{R5's of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQmn] ;Dk{s ug{'xf]nf . l

lzjhg SofDk; zLtnkf6L ;Nofg

egfO lyof] . sfo{qmddf SofDk;sf ;+: yfks kd'v uf] ljGbk;fb Gof} kfg] , SofDk; kd'v lgZrn cfrfo{, lzIfs lgzfGt cfrfo{, g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf cWoIf ;ljg lkof;g, lzIfs z/b/fh cfrfo{, ;'dg l3ld/] nufotn] egfO /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . lzIfs ljBfyL{ ;dGjo ;ldlt ;b:o ljBfyL{ rf‘“bgL s] ;Lsf] :jfut dGtJoAfF6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f cfzf cf] nL / /d] z dx/fn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

a9\bf] z} lIfs j] / f] huf/Lsf] b/ klg ToxL tYoleq n's] sfn] casf] g] kfnsf] lzIff l;h{gzLn Jojxfl/s x'g clt cfjZos /x] sf] atfpg'eof] .

To:t} ljlzi6 cltly SofDk; Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:o /d] zs'df/ kf08] n] ;f+: sfl/s / g} ltsjfg lzIffsf] ljsf; klg cfjZos /x] sf] df hf] 8 lbg'eof] . lzlIft ;d'bfosf gfddf g} lts ;+: sf/ x/fp“b} hfg yfn] sfn] casf] lzIffdf g} lts lzIffsf] ljsf; x'g'kg{] pxf“sf]

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