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(Naya Yugbodh National Daily Jun 11, 2021)

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k'u] / laxLaf/ pTvgg\ /f] s] sf lyP . xfdf] 3f6df lsg pTvgg\ ul/of] eg] / xfdL gbLdf k'Uof} + . ca 7] Ssf nfu] sf] 7fp“af6 dfq p7fpg] ;xdlt eof] Ú– :yfgLo ;f} / e rf} w/Ln] eGg'eof] – …lxhf] cfh ul/Psf] pTvgg\sf] Ifltk"lt{ ufp“df lau] sf] ;8sdf ufe] n ug{'kg] { zt{ /fVof} + . of] zt{ ;DalGwt kIfn] dfg] sf] cj:yf 5 . /fKtL gbLdf dfkb08 ljk/Lt hyfefjL gbLhGo a:t' pTvgg\ ul/Psf] la/f] wdf :yfgLon] laxLaf/ sfd /f] lslbP . u9jf ufp“kflnsf–% wd{k'/ / d3/ ufp“sf

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sf7df8f} +, @& h] 7 . ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf] ;+j} wflgs Ohnf;n] gful/stf;DaGwL cWofb] z sfof{Gjog gug{ / oyfl:yltdf /fVg cGtl/d cfb] z lbPsf] 5 . kwfgGofofwLz rf] n] Gbzdz] / ha/f, GofofwLzx¿ bLkss'df/ sfsL{, dL/f v8\sf, xl/s[i0f sfsL{ / O{Zj/k;fb vltj8fsf] ;+j} wflgs Ohfn;n] pQm cWofb] z oyfl:yltdf /fVg cfb] z hf/L u/] sf] xf] . sfg'g agfpg] ;+;bsf] clwsf/If] q /x] sf] df To;nfO{ ldr] / cTofjZos sfdsf] ?kdf cWofb] z hf/L x'g g;Sg] eGb} ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] cWofb] znfO{ oyfl:yltdf /fVg cfb] z lbPsf] xf] . cfb] zdf elgPsf] 5–

gful/stf lbg] ;DaGwdf gLltut Joj:yf ug] { ljifo dxTjk"0f{ / ;+j] bgzLn s'/ f xf] . jf:tljs g] kfnL gful/sn] g] kfnL gful/stfsf] kdf0fkq kfpg' g} kb{5 eg] u} / g] kfnLnfO{ sfg'gadf] lhd klqmof k"/ f u/] / c+lus[t jf dfgfy{ gful/stf lbg] h:tf s'/ fdf afx] s g] kfnL gful/stfsf] kdf0fkq lbg ;lsb} g . u} / g] kfnL JolQmnfO{ g] kfnL gful/stfsf] kdf0fkq lbg ldNb} g .

5j6f l/6 lgj] bgx¿sf] Psd'i6 ;'g'jfO ub} { ;+j} wflgs Ohnf;n] o:tf] cfb] z lbPsf] xf] . /fi6«klt ljBfb] jL e08f/Ln] kltlglw;ef lj36gsf] ef] lnkN6 h] 7 ( ut] kwfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df cWofb] z hf/L ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

:yfgLon] pTvgg\ eO/x] sf] :yfgdf k'u] / hyfefjL pTvgg\ /f] Sg bafa lbPsf x'g\ . u9jf ufp“kflnsfn] 7] Ssf nufPsf] :yfgaf6 7] s] bf/x?n] 7"nf d] l;g/L cf} hf/ kof] u u/] / gbLhGo a:t'sf] hyfefjL pTvgg\ ub} { cfPsf 5g\ . s] xL lbgcl3 klg pTvgg\ ul/Psf] lyof] . la/f] w ePkl5 sfd /f] lsPsf] lyof] . kl5 km] l/ pTvgg\sf] sfd z'? ePsf] lyof] . wd{k'/ sf] 3f6df ufp“kflnsfn] 7] Ssf nufPsf] 5 . kflnsfn] 7] Ssf nufPsf] / cfkm"x?n] /fhZj a'emfPsf] x'gfn] pTvgg\ u/] sf] 7] s] bf/ kltlglwsf] bfaL 5 . hgtfsf] t6aGwn] agfPsf] t6aGw 8\ofd eTsfP/ pTvgg\sf] nflu af6f] agfOPsf] 5 . !&÷!* j6f l6Kk/ / ^–& :Sofe] 6/ gbL If] qdf /f] lsPsf 5g\ . l6Kk/sf] af6f] agfpg nfvf} + /sd vr{ u/] / agfOPsf] t6aGw eTsfOPsf] 5 . o; af/] df ;DalGwt lgsfon] rf;f] lbPsf] 5} g . qm;/ pBf] udf ;xh 8lDkªsf nflu o:tf] ul/Psf] xf] . …gbLdf 7"nf–7"nf vf8n vlgPsf] 5 . laxfg $ ah] b] lv /flt;Dd pTvgg\ u5{g\Ú– :yfgLo ;~hLj rf} w/Ln] eGg'eof] – …lsg o;/L hyfefjL sfd ul/of] . gbL t6aGw ug{ agfOPsf] 8\ofd eTsfPsf 5g\ . ufp“kflnsf cWoIf ;xh/fd ofbj pTvgg\ If] qdf k'u] / :yfgLosf] u'gf;f] ;'Gb} 7] s] bf/ kIfnfO{ dfkb08eGbf aflx/ uP/ pTvgg\ gug{ r] tfjgL lbg'eof] . hxf“ 7] Ssf nfu] sf] 5 .

ToxL{af6 p7fpg] xf] Ú– cWoIf ofbjn] eGg'eof] – …dfkb08 cg';f/ pTvgg ug{'k5{ .Ú kl5Nnf] ;do gbLhGo a:t'sf] pTvgg\ Jofks ePkl5 hg:t/af6 la/f] w z'? ePsf] xf] . /fKtL ufp‘“kflnsf, u9jf ufp“kflnsf, ndxL gu/kflnsf, /fhk'/ ufp“kflnsf If] qleq pTvgg ul/b} cfPsf] 5 .

lgif]wf1fsf] ;dodf @)) n}+lus lx+;f o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf

sf7df8f} +, @& h] 7 . sf] / f] gf ;+qmd0fsf sf/0f ;/sf/n] u/] sf] lgif] wf1fsf] Ps dlxgfsf] ;dodf b] ze/ b'O{ ;o n} +lus lx+;fsf 36gf ePsf 5g\ . ljZjsf ljleGg d'n's;lxt g] kfndf klg gof“ e] l/oG6;lxtsf] bf] ;f] r/0fsf] sf] / f] gf ;+qmd0fsf sf/0f hf/L lgif] wf1fsf] Ps dlxgfsf] cjlwdf dlxnf k'gM:yfkgf s] Gb -cf] / ] s_ g] kfnn] u/] sf] cg';Gwfgdf b'O{ ;o n} +lus lx+;fsf 36gf 36] sf x'g\ . s] Gbsf cg';f/ n} +lus lx+;fsf b'O{ ;o 36gfdWo] @$ kltzt cyf{t -$& hgf_ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfdfly of} lgs lx+;fsf 36gf ePsf 5g\ . s] Gbsf sfo{sf/L lgb] {zs

n'e/fh Gof} kfg] n] l;+uf] d'n's sf] / f] gf dxfdf/Ltkm{ nlIft eO/x“bf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfdfly xTof, of} gzf] if0f / anfTsf/h:tf 36gf eO/x] sf] atfpg'eof] . s] Gbsf cg';f/ o;} ;ftfdfq tLgj6f of} ghGo lx+;fsf 36gf ePsf 5g\ . ;'v] {tsf] u'ef{sf] 6 ufp“kflnsf–( df Ps lszf] / Ldfly d~h'/ Llagf dlb/f ;] jg u/L of} g b'Jo{jxf/ u/] sf] , af“s] sL @@ jifL{of dlxnfsf] bfOhf] df df] 6/;fOsn gkfPsf] lgx'“df kl/jf/s} ;b:oaf6 xTof ePsf] 36gf 5g\ . o:t} ndh'ªsf] /fOgf; gu/kflnsf–( df] xf] l/ofl:yt ljBfnodf cWofkg ug] { lzIfsn] !$ jifL{of Ps lszf] / LnfO{ k6s–k6s anfTsf/ u/] sf] 36gf ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 .

pQm 36gfnfO{ sdhf] / agfpg lszf] / LnfO{ g} ljleGg nf~5gf nufP/ bf] ifL b] vfO{ kx/Ldf ;d] t ph'/ L btf{ ug{ cj/f] w cfPsf] s] Gbn] hgfPsf] 5 . dlxnf / afnaflnsfdfly ljleGg ;dodf n} +lus tyf of} g lx+;f eP klg 36gfnfO{ n'sfpgsf nflu cg] s axfgf b] vfp“bf Gofo kflKtdf ;d:of b] lvPsf] ;f] s] Gbn] hgfPsf] 5. uDeL/ ks[ltsf dfgjclwsf/ xggsf 36gf btf{, cg';Gwfg klqmofnfO{ kefjsf/L agfO{ dlxnfsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / ;+/ If0f ub} { lx+;f kefljtsf] Gofo kflKtsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ cf] / ] sn] ;DalGwt lgsfo;“u cfux u/] sf] 5 .

kx'“Frsf e/df sf]le8 vf]k nlIft ;d"xeGbf aflx/sf JolQmx?nfO{ vf] k nufPkl5 w] / } 7fpFdf lj/f] w o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf 3f] / fxL, @& h] 7 . sf] le8lj?4sf] vf] k nufpg eGb} /fKtL kfb] lzs c:ktfn k'Ug'ePsf t'n;Lk'/ –# sf ^! jifL{o lzjnfn Gof} kfg] a'waf/ cfqmf] lzt b] lvg'x'GYof] . Ho] i7 gful/sx?nfO{ nlIft u/] / NofPsf] vf] k cGo pd] / ;d"xnfO{ nufpg yfn] kl5 pxf“;“u} vf] k nufpg cfPsf Ho] i7 gful/sx?n] c:ktfn kl/;/d} la/f] w u/] . …lbge/ nfOg nfUbf klg kfnf] cfPgÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …cf–cfkm\gf dfG5] NofP/ vf] k nufpg yfn] kl5 xfdLn] lj/f] w u¥of} + .Ú ;/sf/n] Ho] i7 gful/sx?sf nflu eg] / NofPsf] vf] k cGo pd] / ;d"xn] nufPkl5 lj/f] wdf plqPsf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] .

ToxL eL8df pleg'ePsf csf{ Ho] i7 gful/s a'4k;fb Gof} kfg] sf] cfqmf] z klg p:t} lyof] . cfkm" d'6'sf] bL3{/ f] uL ePsf] atfp“b} cGo JolQmx?nfO{ vf] k nufOPsf] eGb} lj/f] w ug'{eof] . bfªdf sf] le8 vf] k cleofg hf/L ePsf] bf] ;f] lbg a'waf/ /fKtL kfb] lzs c:ktfn;lxt lhNnfsf s] xL vf] k CMYK

3f]/fxL–!$ l:yt zx/L :jf:Yo s]Gbdf sf]le8lj?4 vf]k nufpFb} . kmf]6f]M uf]ljGb v8\sf

s] Gbx?df Ho] i7 gful/sx?n] lj/f] w u/] sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] Ho] i7 gful/sx?nfO{ vf] k nufpg] eGb} ;~rfng u/] sf] vf] k cleofgdf cfkm\gf lrg] hfg] sf / kx'“rsf e/df nlIft ;d"xeGbf aflx/sf JolQmx?nfO{ vf] k nufOPsf] eGb} Ho] i7 gful/sx?n] v] fks] Gbdf lj/f] w u/] sf lyP . a'waf/ 3f] / fxL–!$ sf] zx/L :jf:Yo s] Gbdf aflx/sf JolQmx?nfO{ vf] k

nufpg nfu] sf] eGb} Ho] i7 gful/sx?n] lj/f] w u/] kl5 vf] k nufpg] sfd :ylut eof] . ^@ b] lv ^$ jif{eGbf aflx/sfn] nufpg yfn] eGb} ljjfb a9] kl5 vf] ks] Gb tgfju:t /x\of] . sf] le8 ;+qmd0fsf] hf] lvdnfO{ nlIft u/L Ho] i7 ^@ b] lv ^$ jifL{o Ho] i7 gful/sx?nfO{ vf] k nufpg] cleofg bfª;lxt cGo lhNnfdf rln/x] sf] 5 t/ vf] k clxn] nlIft

;d"xeGbf aflx/sfnfO{ nufpg yflnPsf] eGb} :yfgLo:t/af6 lj/f] w / cfnf] rgf eO/x] sf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;~hfnx?df ;d] t nlIft ;d"x eGbf cGon] vf] kn] nufPsf tl:j/x? b] lvPsf 5g\ . To:t} ndxL c:ktfndf klg nlIft ;d"xeGbf aflx/ vf] k nufPsf] eGb} ;fdflhs ;~hfndfkm{t lj/f] w hgfOPsf] 5 . ndxL gu/kflnsf :jf:Yo zfvfsf nfndl0fsf ;'j] bLsf cg';f/ ;tjl/of :jf:Yo rf} sLaf6 ar] sf] !) 8f] h vf] k ndxL c:ktfn k7fOPsf] lyof] . …:jf:Yo rf} sLaf6 ar] sf] vf] k ndxL c:ktfndf NofOPsf] lyof] Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …Tof] ;"rgf aflx/ r'lxPkl5 nlIft ;d"x aflx/sf dflg;x? k'u] / vf] k nufP .Ú s] xL vf] k nlIft ;d"x aflx/sfn] nufP klg clwsf+z eg] nlIft ;d"xnfO{ g} nufOPsf] pxf“sf] egfO 5 . ndxL gu/kflnsfleq ;ft ;o !( hgfnfO{ sf] le8 vf] k nufOPsf] pxf“n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . To; qmddf af“sL a] r] sf] @) 8f] h vf] k eg] :jf:Yo sfof{nodf g} lkmtf{ k7fOPsf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . lhNnf kzf;g sfof{non] nlIft af“sL clGtd k] hdf:

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf sf7df8f} +, @& h] 7 . kwfgdGqL s] kL zdf{ cf] nLsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«klt ljBfb] jL e08f/Ln] ;ft dGqL / Ps /fHodGqL lgo'Qm ug'{ePsf] 5 . h;cg';f/ u[xdGqLdf vu/fh clwsf/L, pBf] u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{dGqLdf /fhlszf] / ofbj, ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf kljlwdGqLdf g} gsnf yfkf, s[lif tyf kz'k+IfL ljsf;dGqLdf Hjfnfs'df/L ;fx, jg tyf jftfj/0fdGqLdf gf/bd'lg /fgf, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo kzf;gdGqLdf u0f] zs'df/ kxf8L / kwfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no x] g] { u/L df] xg aflgof“nfO{ dGqL lgo'Qm ul/Psf] 5 . To;} u/L, cfzfs'df/L ljsnfO{ jg tyf jftfjf/0f /fHodGqLdf lgo'Qm ul/Psf] /fi6«kltsf] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . gjlgo'Qm dGqLx?nfO{ /fi6«klt ljBfb] jL e08f/Ln] zkyux0f u/fpg'ePsf] 5 . dGqLx?n] /fi6«kltsf] sfof{no zLtn lgjf;df kb tyf uf] kgLotfsf] zky lnPsf x'g\ . kb] z @ df dlGqkl/ifb\ lj:tf/, sf+u] ;af6 tLg dGqL o;}aLr kb] z g+= @ sf d'VodGqL nfnafa'

/fptn] dlGqkl/ifb\ lj:tf/ ug{'ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] a'waf/ ;f“em g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf tLg kb] z;ef ;b:onfO{ dGqL lgo'Qm ug{'ePsf] xf] . gjlgo'Qm dGqLdf /fd ;/f] h ofbj ef} lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; dGqfno, cf] dksfz zdf{

vfg] kfgL tyf pmhf{ ljsf; dGqfno / jL/] Gbk;fb l;+x dlxnf, afnaflnsf, o'jf tyf v] ns"b dGqL /xg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“x¿nfO{ a'waf/ g} kb] z kd'v /fh] z emf clx/fhn] kb tyf uf] kgLotfsf] zky u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] .

u08sL kb] zsf d'VodGqLn] kfPgg\ ljZjf;sf] dt kf] v/f, @& h] 7 -o';_– u08sL kb] zsf d'VodGqL k[YjL;'Aaf u'?ªn] ljZjf;sf] dt kfpg c;kmn x'g'ePsf] 5 . laxLaf/ kb] z;efdf ljZjf;sf] dt dfu] sf d'VodGqL u'?ªn] ljZjf;sf] dt kfpg g;Sg' ePsf] xf] . ljZjf;sf] dt gkfPkl5 d'VodGqL u'?ª g] t[Tjsf] ;/sf/ 9n] sf] 5 . pkl:yt %* ;b:o ;+Vofdf d'VodGqL u'?ªn] @& dt kfpg'eof] eg] ljZjf;sf] k:tfjsf] ljkIfdf #) dt k¥of] . /fli6«o hgdf] rf{sf ;f+;b s[i0f yfkf t6:y a:g'eof] eg] u'?ª g] t[Tjs} ;/sf/sf v] ns"bdGqL tyf :jtGq ;f+;b bLks dgfª] -/fhLj u'?ª_ cg'kl:yt x'g'eof] . d'VodGqL u'?ªnfO{

;/sf/ l6sfO/fVg #! dt rflxPsf] lyof] . ^) ;b:oLo u08sL kb] zdf Pdfn] sf @&, sf+u] ;sf !%, dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf !! -;efd'vafx] s_, /fli6«o hgdf] rf{sf tLg, h;kfsf b'O{ / Pshgf :jtGq ;f+;b 5g\ . ljZjf;sf] dtsf] ljkIfdf g] kfnL sf+u] ;, g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gb, h;kf / /fli6«o hgdf] rf{sf ;f+;bx?n] dt lbPsf lyP . @^ j} zfvdf d'VodGqLaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPsf u'¿ª ljkIfL u7aGwgn] ;/sf/ agfpg g;s] kl5 7"nf] bnsf] g] tfsf] x} l;otn] @( j} zfvdf bf] ;f] k6s d'VodGqL aGg'ePsf] lyof] . o;;“u} ca kb] z;efdf ax'dt h'6fpg ;Sg] s'g} klg ;b:on] d'VodGqL aGg] af6f] v'n] sf] 5 .

xfn sf] / f] gf efO/; dxfdf/Lsf] sf/0f aGbfaGbLsf] ;dodf ;~rf/ If] qdf ;+nUg afx] ssf JolQmx?n] ;~rf/ If] qsf] xjfnf lb+b} ;~rf/dfWod tyf ;fdflhs ;~hfndf ckmjfxk"0f{ ljifo ;Dk] if0f ug] {, cglws[t?kdf kl/ro–kq, kf] zfs / ;jf/L ;fwgsf] kof] u ug] { / ;fdflhs dof{bf ljkl/t lqmofsnfk u/] sf] u'gf;f] cfPsf] x'“bf sf] xL s;} n] klg u} / sfg"gL lqmofsnfk gug'{'x'g cg'/ f] w 5 . olb o:tf] ePsf] kfOPdf sfg"gadf] lhd sf/afxL x'g] Joxf] / f ;"lrt ul/G5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/ ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf kljlw dGqfno

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(June 11, 2021)

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lzIffnfO{ >d;F“u hf]8\g] dg / dfG5]x?sf s'/f of] jif{ klg dnsf] cefj gxf];\ of] jif{sf] lkdg;'g z'? eO;s] sf] 5 . c;f/ dlxgfsf] z'?jft;Fu} g] kfndf wfg v] tL z'? ul/G5 . of] l;hg g] kfnL ls;fgsf nflu …dfgf] /f] k] / d'/ L kmnfpg] Ú pT;jsf] ?kdf lrlgG5 . nuftf/ 8] 9 jif{sf] sf] / f] gf ;+s6 / ns8fpgsf sf/0f cfocfh{gsf cGo w] / } ljsNk aGb ePsfn] wfg v] tLdf cfsif{0f a9] sf] 5 . ut jif{ w] / } af“emf] hldg psf;] / wfg v] tLsf] If] qkmn lj:tf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . of] jif{ klg o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b} wfg pTkfbgdf a[l4 ug{ ;/f] sf/jfnfx?n] clxn] b] lv g} Wofgs] lGbt ug'{ h?/L 5 . lap, dn, kljlw / hgzlQm cflbsf] cefj x'g glbg] xf] eg] of] jif{ klg wfg v] tL ug] { If] qkmn a9\g;S5 lsgls sf] / f] gf ;+s6;Fu} wfg v] tL lglj{sNk cfocfh{gsf] af6f] aGb} uPsf] 5 . of] jif{ klg ;dod} jiff{t z'? x'g] b] lvPsf] 5, of] ;sf/fTds ;+s] t xf] . t/ ut jif{h:t} dnsf] cefj x'g] xf] eg] km] l/ klg pTkfbg a[l4df ;d:of l;h{gf x'g;S5, o;df clxn] b] lv g} kxn x'g' cfjZos 5 . g] kfnsf] cy{tGqdf wfgsf] dxTjk"0f{ :yfg 5 . g] kfnsf] s"n ufx{: y pTkfbgdf s[lif If] qsf] em08} @& kltzt of] ubfg 5 eg] s"n s[lif pTkfbgdf wfg v] tLsf] em08} !^ kltzt of] ubfg 5 . ;du cy{tGqdf wfg v] tLn] rf/ kltzt of] ubfg ul//x] sf] 5 . To;f] t d'n'sdf rfdnsf] vkt klg al9/x] sf] 5 . klxn] kxf8L tyf lxdfnL If] qdf ToxLsf] :yfgLo pTkfbg a9L kof] u ul/GYof] t/ ;8s ;~hfnsf] lj:tf/;Fu} b'u{d If] qdf klg rfdn k'Ug yfn] sf] 5 . o;n] rfdn vktnfO{ XjfQ} a9fOlbPsf] 5 . jflif{s sl/a $) nfv d] l6«s 6g rfdn g] kfndf vkt x'g] u/] sf] 5, h;df kfFr÷5 nfv 6g rfdn ck'u eP/ ef/taf6 cfoft ug'{kg] { cj:yf 5 . ;dudf g] kfndf jif] {lg tL; ca{ a9Lsf] rfdn aflx/af6 cfoft ug'{kg] { cj:yf 5 . g] kfn wfg v] tLsf nflu klz4 d'n's g} xf] t/ cGo b] zsf] t'ngfdf pTkfbg b/ klg sd 5 . s[lif oflGqsLs/0f, :t/Lo lap / ;Gt'lnt dnvfbsf] kof] udf Wofg lbg ;s] wfg pTkfbg a9fpg ;lsg] ;Defjgf 5 . Psflt/ em08} cf7 nfv x] S6/ v] tLof] Uo hldgdf l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf k'Ug ;s] sf] 5} g eg] csf] {lt/ dnsf] cefjn] pTkfbgdf r'gf} tL ylk/x] sf] 5 . hldgsf] v08Ls/0fnufotsf ;d:of klg 5Fb} 5g\ . ;dod} dn pknAw gx'Fbf utjif{ pTkfbg kefljt x'g k'Uof] . sl/a %) xhf/ d] l6«s 6g o'l/of Nofpg vf] Hbf klg ;dod} cfpg ;s] g . dn cfk"lt{sf] ;Demf} tf u/] sf b'O{ sDkgLn] ;dod} dn gNofpFbf cefj dfq ePg, wfg pTkfbgdf g} ;d:of l;h{gf x'g k'Uof] . o:tf] la8Dagf 5 ls g] kfnn] lsGg rfx] / klg dn kfO/x] sf] 5} g . ut jif{ a+unfb] zaf6 dn Nofpg ;/sf/ kd'vx?aLr g} ;xdlt x'Fbf klg dn Nofpg ;lsPg . b'O{ b] zsf /fi6« tyf ;/sf/ kd'vn] g} ;xdlt ubf{ klg dn Nofpg g;Sg'sf] cy{ xf] – g] kfndf dnsf] cefj k"lt{ ug'{ ;xh 5} g . of] jif] {lgsf] ;d:of x'g] u/] sf] 5 . b'O{ jif{cl3 ;ft nfv d] l6«s 6g /f;folgs dnsf] dfu ePsfdf g] kfnn] s] jn tLg nfv @% xhf/ d] l6«s 6g dfq} cfoft u/] sf] lyof] . ljb] zaf6 cfoft ug{'kg{] kl/df0fdWo] s] xL ef/t;F+usf] v'nf l;dfgfsf] kmfObf p7fpFb} ca} w ¿kdf lelqG5 . g] kfndf ljz] if u/L ef/taf6} clws kl/df0fdf /f;folgs dn leœofOG5 . ef/t cfkm} n] dnsf] cefj em] ln/x] sf] a] nf g] kfnnfO{ ;xh pknAw u/fpg] cj:yf klg /xFb} g . g] kfndf vfB dnsf nflu lbuf] ;dfwfg eg] sf] b] zleq} dn sf/vfgf :yfkgf xf] t/ of] Tolt ;lhnf] 5} g . b] zleq} dn pBf] u :yfkgf ug{ ;/sf/n] k6s–k6s kof; gu/] sf] xf] Og t/ ;kmn x'g ;ls/x] sf] 5} g . s] xL dlxgfcl3 dfq} kwfgdgqL s] kL zdf{ cf] nLn] g] kfndf dn sf/vfgf klg vf] Ng] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . ljB'taf6 ;~rfng x'g] dn sf/vfgf vf] Ng] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn eO/x] sf] pxfFsf] egfO lyof] t/ of] kxn 5nkmneGbf cl3 a9\g ;s] sf] b] lvb} g . g] kfndf dn pBf] u :yfkgf ug{ Psflt/ b] zleq OR5fzlQm b] lvb} g eg] csf] {lt/ aflx/L bafa y] Ug g;Sg] cj:yf klg p:t} 5 . g] kfndf dn sf/vfgf v'Nbf ef/tLo sf/vfgfsf] ahf/ aGb x'G5 eGg] dgzfon] klg sfd u/] sf] x'g;S5 / To:t} k"FhLkltx?n] g] kfnL sd{rf/LtGqdfkm{t cfkm\gf rfxgf cl3 ;f/] sf x'g;S5g\ . o;sf nflu bL3{sfnLg kxn h?/L g} 5, tTsfnsf nflu dnsf] ;xh cfk"lt{df hf] 8 lbg' h?/L 5 .

s;n] s] eg] < d o;df k"0f{ klta4 5' . kf6L{sf] dxflwj] zg kfljlws jf kzf;lgs ljifo dfq geP/ of] Ps dxTjk"0f{ /fhgLlts cleofg xf] / kf6L{sf] hLjGttfsf nflu dxfo1 xf] eGg] s'/ f d} n] /fd/L a'em] sf] 5' .

– z] / axfb'/ b] pjf -g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf ;efklt_ ;fpg d;fGtleq g} ax'jifL{o 7] Ssfsf nflu tof/L ug'{k5{ .

– j;Gts'df/ g] Djfª -ef} lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoftdGqL_ cf] nL ;Qf / :jfy{sf] nflu h:tf] ;'s} hg3ftL / /fi6«3ftL sbd rfNg klg k5fl8 kb} {gg\ eGg] s'/ f ki6 eO;s] sf] 5 . of] cj:yfdf xfdL ;a} Ps eP/ ;+o'Qm?kdf h'6] / nf] stGqsf] /Iff ug'{k5{ .

– lrqaxfb'/ s] ;L -/fli6«o hgdf] rf{sf cWoIf_ cfktsfnLg cf} iflw kof] u ug{sf nflu g] kfndf klqmof k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . t/ kt~hnL of] ukL7n] pQm cf} iflw klqmof gk'¥ofOsg NofPsf] x'gfn] tTsfn kof] u ub} {gf} + .

– 8f= jf;'b] j pkfWofo -cfo'j] {b ljefusf dxflgb] {zs_ Tolta] nf vf] ksf] ljZjf;} nfu] g . Hj/f] cfp“5 . emg\ la/fdL kl/G5 eGg] nfUof] . ToxL eP/ nufOg . cfh ufp“sf ;a} n] nufof} + .

– k] d ljs -km'ªlnª gu/kflnsf– % tfKn] h'ªsf :yfgLo Ho] i7 gful/s_

af6f] ;f] Wb} ;f] Wb} uof} +, g] kfnu~h pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= !& l:yt cuf{lgs s[lif kmd{df . xfdL s[lif kmd{sf] u] 6df gk'Ub} k"0f{ sfsL{ efO u] 6aflx/ cfP/ xfdL ePlt/ x] l//x] sf lyP . xfdL s[lif kmd{df k'Ugf;fy clejfbgsf] cfbfgkbfg eof] . xfdL kmd{leq kj] z u¥of} + . k"0f{ efOsf] g] t[Tjdf s[lif kmd{df afnL lj1fgdf c7f/ dlxg] sf] ;{ cWoog u/] / cf] h] 6Lsf] qmddf cfPsf cGo efOalxgLx?;“u klg pgLx?n] s] / f v] tL u/] sf] af/Ld} a;] / s'/ f u¥of} + . alb{ofsf] u'/ f“; dfWolds ljBfno, ;fgf] >L / hgHof] lt dfWolds ljBfno, a8\8Lrf} / , ;'v] {taf6 cWoog u/] / cfPsf ;a} efOalxgLsf cg'xf/ k9\bf ;a} df pT;fxsf efjx? b] lvGy] ] . h] 7sf] dlxgf g] kfnu~hsf] rsf] { udL{sf] /fkdf klg xl;nf / pmhf{zLn lhGbuLx? b] Vbf of] kª\ltsf/df ;d] t Tof] d': sfg / Tof] pmhf{ yf] / } eP klg ;/] sf] cfef; eof] . rsf] { udL{n] ubf{ t/sf/L af/Ldf ePsf 6df6/, /fdtf] l/of / s/] nfsf kftx? d'emf{Psf b] lvP tfklg sd{ ug] { o'jfx?leqsf] hf] z, hf“u/ / pT;fx eg] ;lt;fn / Tof] leqsf] klg cufv h:t} kfp“bf v'zLsf] ;Ldf g} /x] g . s] / faf/Ld} kn] 6L s;] / enfs';f/L ul/of] ;a} efOalxgLx?;“u . enfs';f/Lsf] qmddf d} n] efOalxgLx?;“u lh1fzf /fv] sf] lyP“– … xfdL hlt nufgL u5f} {+ oxf“, nufgL ul/Phlt kltkmn kfOG5 t < tkfO“x?n] ug] { v] tL / ;fdfGo gful/sn] u/] sf] v] tLdf s] km/s 5 < k9] kl5 hflu/ vfg'k5{ eGg] clwsf+z lzlIft o'jfx?sf] dl:tisdf v] Ng] s'/ fn] tkfO“x?nfO{ cfsif{0f ug{ ;s] g t < cf] h] 6Lsf] sfo{qmd ;lsPkl5 tkfO“x?sf] of] hgf s] 5 < cflb cflb kZgx? ;f] w] + . kZg ;f] Wbf sf] / f s'/ f xf] Og ls pgLx?leqsf] efjgf 5rlNsof] ;\ eGg] s'/ fnfO{ kwfg 7flgof] . cf] h] 6Ldf vl6Psf efOalxgLx?n] klg t“5f8 d5f8 ub} { hjfkm lbgsf nflu xf} l;P . d] / f] z'?sf] kZgsf] hjfkm lbb} s} nfnL 3/ ePsL alxgL l;h{gf /fjnn] elgg\– …z'?df nufgL ugf{;fy kltkmn cfp“b} g . slDtdf b'O{ jif{ klv{g'kb{5 . z'?df t of] df6f] nfO{ pj{/ agfpgsf nflu cln a9L dnsf] kof] u ug'{kb{5 . ha h} ljs dnsf] sf/0fn] df6f] df pj{/ fzlQm a9\b} hfG5 To;kl5 yf] / } nufgLdf klg pTkfbg a9L x'g yfN5 .Ú d] / f] csf] { kZgsf] hjfkmdf ;'v] {tsf] rf} s'g] 3/ ePsf cd[t uf} tdn] cleJoQm u/] sf ljrf/x? o:tf lyP– …;fdfGo ls;fgx? cuf{lgs v] tLlt/ eGbf klg s] u/] / w] / } pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] lt/

lj/fnf] sfnf] ;] tf] h] eP klg d';f -hgtf_ dfg] { sfd dHh} n] ul//x] sf 5g\ . lzIffnfO{ >d;“u hf] 8] / sfdofjL agfpg] s'/ f To;} n] klg Psfb] zsf] syf eO/x] sf] 5 .

kl/jt{gsf nflu ===== nfu] sf 5g\ . h;sf sf/0fn] /f;folgs dn / ljiffbLsf] kof] u cTolws dfqfdf x'g] ub{5 . df6f] sf] pj{/ fzlQm s] xL jif{d} z"Godf emb{5 . ljiffbLsf] kof] un] xfdL k} ;f lt/] / ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ eGbf klg z/L/nfO{ xfgL k'¥ofpg] cvfB s'/ fx? vfO/x] sf x'G5f} + . efG;fdf s;/L ksfpg] eGbf klg af/Ldf s;/L kmnfpg] eGg] s'/ fn] dxTj /fV5 . To;sf/0f klg kfljlws 1fg ePsf] s[ifsaf6 dfq of] s'/ f ;Dej 5 . To;sf/0f klg xfdL h'l6/x] sf 5f} + .Ú k9] kl5 hflu/ vfg'kb} {g t eGg] d] / f] csf] { kZgsf] hjfkm lbb} ;Nofgsf] afurf} / 3/ ePsL bLkf cf] nLn] elgg\ – …hflu/ vfg' eg] sf] c?sf] cwLgdf a;] / sfd ug'{ xf] . cfkm\gf] k] zfdf sfd ug'{ eg] sf] cfkm" dflns eP/ c?nfO{ sfddf nufpg' xf] .

To;} n] lhGbuLsf] dhf c?sf] sfd ug'{df eGbf klg c?nfO{ ;d] t sfd lbP/ cfkm" dflns x'g'df x'G5 eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .Ú alxgL bLkfsf] egfO dnfO{ klg uha;“u dg k¥of] . cf] h] 6Lsf] of] sfo{qmd ;lsPkl5 tkfO“x?n] s] ug] { xf] t eGg] d] / f] kZgsf] hjfkmdf pkl:yt ;a} n] eGb} lyP– …xfdL w] / } t ls;fgsf 5f] / f5f] / L xf} + . yf] / } eP klg xfdf] 3/df v] tL ug{sf nflu hUuf hldg 5 . xfdL ToxL+af6} ;fgf] kl/0ffddf v] tLkftL z'? u5f} +{ . xfdLnfO{ clxn] klg af] w eof] ls sf] le8nufot s'g} klg ksf/sf] dxfdf/Ldf klg lagf cj/f] w lg/Gt/ rNg] k] zf eg] sf] s[lif g} /x] 5 eGg] kdfl0ft eof] / csf] { klg s] kdfl0ft eof] eg] sf] le8nufotsf dxfdf/Laf6 aRg / arfpgsf nflu klg s[lifn] ug] { pTkfbg g} /x] 5 . h;n] cuf{lgs lrh vfO/x] sf] 5, p;nfO{ xQkQ s'g} dxfdf/Ln] 5'g ;s] sf] 5} g . csf] { s'/ f s[lifdf sfd ubf{ dflg;nfO{ zf/Ll/s >d ug'{kb{5 h;n] ubf{ p;nfO{ :j:y x'gsf nflu 5'6\6} of] u / Jofofd ul//xg'kb} {g .Ú efOalxgLx?sf ljrf/x? pgLx?n] u/] sf] v] tL h:t} cuf{lgs nfUof] . oL cuf{lgs ljrf/x?nfO{ s;} n] klg ljiffQm / kb"lift gu/] df of] b] zdf

u hLtaxfb'/ zfx

s] xL x'G5 ls h:tf] klg nfUof] . ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx?;“u 5'6\ l6Pkl5 a] n'sf sdfp“b} k9\b} cleofgnfO{ hf] / h'n'dsf ;fy cl3 a9fpgsf nflu cfkm\gf] ljBfnoaf6 z'? ug'{ePsf hgHof] lt dfWolds ljBfnosf kwfgfWofks gf/fo0f l;Ub] n;“u enfs';f/L eof] . l;Ub] n ;/ eGb} lyP– …xfdf] s0ff{nL kb] zdf dfq} Psxhf/ ljBfyL{x? cf] h] 6Ldf hfg] ub{5g\ . x/] sn] o;/L g} sfd u/] t s] xL t x'“bf] xf] lg x} ;/<Ú l;Ub] n ;/sf] kZgn] dgleq} 5f] of] . d} n] cf] h] 6Ldf uPsf ljBfyL{x?n] ;DalGwt sfdnfO{ g5f] Osg / ;DalGwt ynf] df guOsg klg cf] h] 6L sf] ;{ k"/ f u/] sf] b] v] sf] 5' . cf] h] 6Lsf] klta] bg a'emfp“bf ;d] t ;DalGwt ;d"xsf ;a} ljBfyL{x?n] Pp6} klta] bg kmf] 6f] slk u/L gfddfq} cfkm\gf] n] v] / k] z u/] sf] klg e] 6] sf] 5' . of] ;a} l;sfpg] / of] ;a} nfO{ a} wtf lbg] pgLx?sf cuh / u'? elgPsf xfdL g} /x] 5f} + . nfU5, xfdf o:t} –o:t} Jojxf/x? b] Vb} / ef] Ub} ubf{ o'jfx?sf cuf{lgs ljrf/x? klg ljiffQm x'“b} hf“bf/x] 5g\, s'lxPsf] k'/ fgf] cfn'n] c?nfO{ klg s'xfPh:t} . ;fj{hlgs lzIff ;'wf/ cleofgn] ;~rfng u/] sf] er'{cn e] nfdf kwfgfWofks gf/fo0f l;Ub] nn] g] =s=kf= dfcf] jfbLsf] kefjzfnL g] tf Pj+ k"j{dGqL hgfb{g zdf{;“u /fv] sf] lh1fzf d} n] cem} la;] {sf 5} g . pgL eGb} lyP– …xfdf] b] zdf aL; nfv lj3f v] tLof] Uo hldg af“emf] 5 . xfdf] *) nfv ljBfyL{x?nfO{ sfd ub} { / k9\b} ug] { jftfj/0f l;h{gf ;/sf/n] ul/b] cf] ;\ . bz jif{df d'n'snfO{ ;d[4 agfp‘“5f} + eGg] ;/sf/sf] cleofgnfO{ xfdL Ps;o krf; lbgdf k"/ f u/] / b] vfp“5f} + . o;sf nflu lzIffdf nufgL a9fpg'kb{5 . lzIffdf ;dlk{t x'g] lzIfsx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] of] jf Tof] gegL ;Ddfg / kf] T;fxg kbfg ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . lzIfsnfO{ cf–cfkm\gf eft[ ;+u7gdf cfj4 ug] { / cfkm\gfnfO{ ;'ljwf / cj;/ lbPem} u/L c?nfO{ cK7\of/f] df kfg] { of] k4ltaf6 ;/sf/ / lzIfs b'a} d'Qm

x'g ;Sg'kb{5 . lzIff / ;'zf;g klxn] eGbf emg clxn] hh{/ eof] . d} n] ;d] t o'4tfsf tkfO“sf] kf6L{sf] lr6\7L Ohf/df n'sfP/ ;b/d'sfd hfg] u/] s} xf] . of] l:ylt b] Vgsf nflu Tof] sfd u/] sf] xf] Og .Ú l;Ub] n ;/sf oL s'/ fx?nfO{ er'{cn e] nfdf pkl:yt ;a} n] dg vf] n] / nfOs / sd] 06 u/] sf] b] lvGYof] . hjfkmdf dfcf] jfbL kf6L{sf g] tf hgfb{g zdf{sf] egfO lyof] – …gf/fo0f ;/, xfdLn] klg of] lbg b] Vgsf nflu HofgnfO{ xTs] nfdf /fvL n8] sf] xf] Og . kl/sNkgf u/] sf] lbg Nofpgsf nflu /fhgLlt eGbf csf] { ljsNk klg 5} g . lzIffdf u/] sf] nufgLaf6 sld;g kfO“b} g, To;sf/0f lzIffdf nufgL ga9] sf] ki6 5 . P] gsfg'gx? agfP/ b] zdf s] xL u/f} + eGbf ;+;b g} gePsf] cj:yf 5 .

To;} n] ufxf] eof] .Ú ;f“RrL g} ufxf] eof] . cf;nfUbf klg sf] xL e] l6Pgg\ . k"j{;f+;b lx/0onfn >] i7n] eg] sf 5g\– …>LdtLnfO{ dx+uf ;f8L / uxgf pkxf/ NofOlbg] , 5f] / f5f] / LnfO{ l;Q} df k9fOlbg] / r'gfj vr{ lbg] larf} lnofsf] kf;f] df Psk6s k/] sf] g] tf slxNo} plDsg ;Sb} g .Ú o:t} /x] 5 oxf“sf] rng . lj/fnf] sfnf] ;] tf] h] eP klg d';f -hgtf_ dfg] { sfd dHh} n] ul//x] sf 5g\ . lzIffnfO{ >d;“u hf] 8] / sfdofjL agfpg] s'/ f To;} n] klg Psfb] zsf] syf eO/x] sf] 5 . jL/] Gbgu/n] :yfgLo kf7\oqmd agfp“b} ubf{ lzIffnfO{ >d;“u hf] 8] / sfdofjL agfpg] ;DaGwdf Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ax; eO/x] sf] 5 . slDtdf cfwf/e"t txsf nflu Pp6f ljBfno Pp6f Joj;fosf] cjwf/0ffaf6 ljBfnodf :yfgLo ljifosf] cWoog cWofkg ug'{kb{5 / o;sf nflu cfjZos k/] sf l;8dgLsf] ?kdf gu/kflnsfn] of] ubfg ug'{kb{5 eGg] s'/ f pl7/x] sf] 5 . ljBfnodf ePsf] Joj;fonfO{ kl/jf/;“u klg hf] 8\g' kb{5 / xf] djs{ / kl/of] hgf sfo{sf] ?kdf n] v] / Nofpg] xf] Og ls sfd u/] / b] vfpg'kb{5 / xf] djs{ / kl/of] hgf sfo{ slkdf r] s ug] { xf] Og ls lkmN8df cjnf] sg u/] / r] s ug'{kb{5 eGg] s'/ f klg pl7/x] sf 5g\ . ;f“RrL o:tf] x'g ;Sof] eg] t xfdf cf] h] 6Ldf vl6Psf ljBfyL{x?sf cuf{lgs ljrf/x?n] klg b] znfO{ ;d'Ggt / ;d[4 agfpg] ;jfndf sfd kfp“y] xf] nf . xfdf gf/fo0f l;Ub] n h:tf s] xL u/f} + eGg] lzIfsx?nfO{ ;d] t b] zsf] pGglt / ;d[l4sf nflu z} lIfs If] qdf kl;gf aufpg k] / 0ff ldNYof] xf] nf . lsgeg] h] s'/ fsf] p7fg / ;'wf/sf nflu klg lzIffnfO{ g;lDemg'sf] csf] { ljsNk g} /x] g5 .

dxfdf/Ldf ePsf lgjf{rg ;QfsAhfsf] cj;/df ablnPsf 5g\ g] kfndf r'gfjL nf] stGqsf] cj:yf gfh's geP klg ;'wf/ ug{'kg] { w] / } s'/ f 5g\ . lgjf{rgnfO{ :jR5 agfpg lgjf{rg cfof] usf] e"ldsf a9fpg'kg] {, lgjf{rgdf ;xeflutf a9fpg kljlwsf] kof] u, dtkqdf …gf] ef] 6Úsf] Joj:yf / lgjf{lrt kltlglwn] ;Gtf] ifhgs sfd gu/] df lkmtf{ af] nfpg] …/fO6 6" l/snÚ cEof;nufotsf ljifo ;dfj] z ub} { r'gfjL nf] stGqnfO{ cem} pGgt agfpg ;lsG5 . xfdf] d'n'sdf r'gfjL nf] stGqsf] s'/ f ubf{ cToGt} sl7g kl/l:yltdf klg lgjf{rgaf6} ;Qfsf] x:tfGt/0f ePsf] cj:yf 5 . lgjf{rgn] ;dfj] zL ;dfg'kflts kltlglwTjnfO{ c+uLsf/ u/] sf] 5 eg] lgjf{rg kl/0ffd ;j{: jLsfo{ x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . d'n'ssf] zf;g lgjf{lrt kltlglwTjaf6} x'g' / lgjf{rgdf ef} lts lx+;f Go"g x'g' g] kfnsf lgjf{rgsf ;'vb\ kIf x'g\ . t/ lgjf{lrt kltlglwx¿n] hgtfsf] :jfy{eGbf bnLo / cfkm\gf gLlxt :jfy{ cg';f/ sfo{;Dkfbg ubf{ Joj:yfklt g} g} / fZotf pTkGg eO/x] sf] cg'ej 5 . cfd hgtfsf] :jfy{eGbf bnsf] :jfy{ xfjL x'“bf nf] stflGqs k0ffnLdf g} kZg p7] sf] cj:yf 5 . bnx¿n] cfkm\gf 3f] if0ffkqnfO{ hgtfnfO{ e'ne'n} ofdf /fVgdfq pkof] u u/] . hgtfn] klg To:tf bnnfO{ va/bf/L ug{ r'Sof} + . lgjf{rg k0ffnLnfO{ klg ljs[t agfpg] sfd bnx¿af6 eof] . ;dfg'kflts kltlglwTjdf bnsf] g] tfsf] gftf kg] {, lgs6 ePsf dflg;nfO{ rog x'g] / k} ;fsf] rn] v] n x'“bf ;+;bdf klg b'O{y/L ;f+;b eP . ;f+;bx¿aLr g} e] befjsf] kl/l:ylt l;h{gf eof] . lgjf{lrt lgsfo ;+;b\ oxL sf/0fn] sdhf] / eof] . ;+;bsf] ;fj{ef} d clwsf/ bnsf s] xL g] tfn] kof] u

ubf{ ;+;b e'Q] eof] . clxn] g] kfnsf] kl/l:ylt ;g\ @)!* df :6] leg n] la:sL / 8] lgon lhafN6nsf] k': ts …xfp 8] df] qm] ;L 8fOhÚem} + ePsf] 5 . lgjf{lrt kltlglwn] cfkm\gf] :jfy{l;4Lsf nflu /fHo sAhf ubf{ nf] stGqdfly g} vt/f k} bf ePsf] cj:yf 5n{Ë 5 . of] kl/l:ylt lsg cfof] / ;'wf/sf nflu s] ug] { < ljs[t kl/l:ylt cfpg'df w] / } kIf lhDd] jf/ 5g\ . zf;sx¿ ljlwsf] zf;gsf] kIfdf nfUg ;s] gg\ . kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb] xLtf, c;n zf;g zAbdf dfq} ;Lldt /x] . ljutsf zf;sn] uNtL ubf{ x'g] xfdLn] lsg gx'g] eGg] kj[lQ xfaL x'“bf cfkm\gfnfO{ kf] : g] sfd eof] . /fHosf lgsfodfly ;Gt'ng / lgoGq0fsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'kg] { ;+;b\, cbfnt, kltkIfL, gful/s ;dfh, ldl8of ljleGg sfn v08df r'Sbf pgLx¿sf] ;fv cf] / fnf] nflu/x] sf] 5 . of] lgs} b'Mvb kIf xf] . lgjf{rg cfof] u lgjf{rgsf] s] GblaGb' xf] . of] ;+: yfnfO{ alnof] agfpg'k5{ . dtbftfn] nf] enfnrn] eGbf klg :j] R5fn] ljj] sk"0f{ dtbfgsf] kof] u ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f x'g'k5{ . bnx¿ r'gfj lhTg] dfgl;stfeGbf dfly p7\g h?/L 5 . /fHon] cfkm\gf] ;f] t, ;fwg zlQm s;} sf] kIf jf ljkIfdf kf/] / lgjf{rg kefljt kfg] { p2] Zo /fVg' x'“b} g . lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Ln] lhDd] jf/Lk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;s] df r'gfjklt cfsif{0f k} bf x'g ;S5 . r'gfjL nf] stGqnfO{ dha't agfpg bn / bnsf g] t[TjnfO{ b08sf] kl/lwdf Nofpg'k5{ . pgLx¿sf ultljlwklt b08xLgtfsf] cj:yf x'“bf c/fhstfn] k>o kfPsf] cj:yf 5 . xfnsf] lgjf{rg

k0ffnLsf] lgd{dtfk"j{s ;dLIff ub} { cfjZos k/] sf] cj:yfdf csf] { lgjf{rg k0ffnL c+uLsf/ ug{ klg tof/ x'g'k5{ . dtbftfsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg dtbfgaf6 s;} nfO{ klg al~rt ug{' x'“b} g . b] zaflx/af6 klg dtbfgsf] Joj:yf ug{'k5{ . OG6/g] 6af6 dtbfgsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg'k5{ . lgjf{rgsf] ;do a9fpg] gLlt klg cjnDag ug{'k5{ . lgjf{rgdf p7\g] JolQmsf] k[i7e"ld / ;DklQ ljj/0f lgjf{rg cfof] un] ;fj{hlgs ug{'k5{ . lgjf{lrt hgkltlglwnfO{ hjfkmb] xL agfpg /fO6 6" l/snsf] Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ . lgjf{rgsf] ldltnfO{ /fhgLlts :jfy{cg';f/ kof] u x'gaf6 /f] Sg, ;+ljwfg / sfg'gd} lgjf{rgsf] ldlt g} tf] Sg'k5{ . lgjf{rg pDd] bjf/ 5gf} 6df kf/bzL{tf gx'“bf cGt/3ftsf] /f] u al9/x] sf] 5 . o;nfO{ /f] Sg pDd] bjf/ 5gf] 6sf] dfkb08 agfpg cfjZos 5 . k} ;f gePsf of] Uo pDd] bjf/x¿ lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x'gaf6 al~rt eO/x] sf 5g\, o:tf] cj:yf cGTo x'g'k5{ . lgjf{rg cfof] unfO{ c+zj08fsf] cfwf/df lgo'lQm ubf{ ;+j} wflgs lgsfosf] :jR5tf / ljZjgLotf dfly g} kZg p7] sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yf /f] Sg :jR5 5lj ePsf dflg;x¿sf] l;kmfl/; ;ldlt agfpg] , pgLx¿n] 5gf] 6 u/] sf JolQmx¿sf] ;fj{hlgs ;'gjfO ug] { / hgtfaf6 ;d] t :jLs[t ePkl5 /f] i6/leqaf6 lgo'Qm ul/g'k5{ . lgjf{rg cfof] usf ultljlwnfO{ ljs] lGbt ub} { hfg'k5{ . clxn] 3f] if0ff ePsf] r'gfj s:tf] xf] nf < ;/sf/n] clxn] 3f] if0ff u/] sf] r'gfjdf u'0ffTds ;'wf/sf] cj:yf d} n] b] v] sf] 5} g . dxfdf/Lsf] aLrdf r'gfj ;Dej klg 5} g . w] / } lgjf{rgdf

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nf] stflGqs cEof; s'l07t ePsf 5g\ . dxfdf/Lsf] cj:yfdf bh{g d'n'sdf r'gfj ePsf 5g\ . g] kfndf o:tf] a] nfdf r'gfj ;Dej xf] nf eGg] akZg 5 . o:tf] a] nf lgjf{rg ubf{ lgjf{rgdf gful/ssf clwsf/ ;+s'rg ePsf 5g\ . lgjf{rg vlr{nf] klg ePsf] 5 eg] ;'/ Iffsf] kTofe"lt klg x'g g;s] sf cj:yf 5g\ . o:t} Toxf“af6 dxfdf/L klg km} lnPsf] cj:yf 5 . dxfdf/L hlQs} hf] lvd csf] { ljifo klg 5 . o:tf] a] nfdf zf;sx¿n] df} sf 7fg] / ;Qf sAhfsf] cj;/sf ¿kdf klg r'gfjnfO{ kof] u u/] sf 5g\ . of] cj:yf cfpg glbg hgtf rgfvf] x'g'k5{ . s'g} klg k0ffnL cfkm} df v/fa x'“b} g . To;nfO{ v/fa agfpg] eg] sf] zf;g ug] { JolQmn] xf] . zf;g Joj:yfsf] l;4fGt /fdf] eP klg zf;g ug] { 8«fOe/ sdhf] / eof] eg] b'3{6gf lglZrt x'G5 . clxn] xfdf] cj:yf eg] sf] xfdLn] zf;gsf nflu sd;n 8«fOe/ rog u¥of} + h;n] d'n's b'3{6gfsf] cj:yftkm{ uO/x] sf] 5 . cfufdL lgjf{rgdf dtbftf rgfvf] x'“b} s'zn 8«fOe/ rog ug{'k5{ .

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(June 11, 2021)

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q uf] ljGb v8\sf 3f] / fxL, @& h] 7 . Ps ;ohgfsf] PlG6h] g 6] i6 ug{ 3f] / fxL–!* lkknvfnL k'u] sf] 6f] nL laxLaf/ tL;hgfd} ;Lldt eof] . To;df !) hgfdf sf] / f] gf kf] h] l6e b] lvPsf] xfQLvs{ :jf:Yo s] Gb kd'v s] zj lwtfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ Ps ltxfO a9Ldf sf] / f] gf b] lvof] . laxfg ;a] / } ;"rgf ul/P klg ca] / dfq} dflg;x? kl/If0f:yn cfwf/e"t ljBfno lu7] kfgL lkknvfnL k'u] sf lyP . To;qmddf w] / } hgf 8/fPsf h:tf b] lvGy] . s] xL dfq} lgMz'Ns hf“r x'G5 eg] / v'zL lyP . ltgLx? l/kf] 6{ h:tf] cfP klg x'G5 eGg] df lgw{Ss b] lvGy] . pgLx?n] cfkmGtnfO{ af] nfpg sf] l;; ul//x] sf lyP . t/ cfpgdf w] / } n] OR5f gb] vfPsf] kltlqmof lbP . cfOk/] Ps xhf/ Ps ;o lt/] / lkl;cf/ u/f} +nf eg] / hjfkm lbP . sf] / f] gf b] vfOxfNof] eg] ;dfhn] ckx] ngf unf{ eGg] 8/n] hf“r u/fpg gdfg] sf] 6f] n cWoIfx?sf] egfO lyof] . pgLx?sf cg';f/ 3/–3/} uP/ hfgsf/L u/fp“bf klg jf:tf u/] gg\ . sf] / f] gf kf] h] l6esf] 3/ PlSng] x'G5 eg] . ;dfhsf] xfdLnfO{ x] g] { gh/ km/s x'G5 eg] . ;/ ;xof] u P] +rf] k+} rf] /f] lsG5 eg] / 8/fP . lj/fdL gePsfnfO{ klg sf] / f] gf b] vfpg;S5 eGg] lk/ lyof] . nIf0f b] lvPsfnfO{ klg kf] h] l6e gb] vfPsf] n] klg ljZjf; u/] gg\ . ufp“sf s] xL k;nn] sf] / f] gf kf] h] l6esf] 3/sfnfO{ ;fdfg lbg gdfg] sf] ldlnh'nL 6f] nsf :yfgLo o'jf dw'afa' kf08] osf] egfO lyof] . …6f] n afg] {, cfjfthfjt aGb u/] sf] b] lvof] Ú– kf08] on] eGg'eof] – …k;ndf ;fdfg lsGg hf“bf lbGgd eg] .Ú pxf“sf cg';f/ ckdflgt u/] sf] dx;'; x'G5 .

To;} n] dflg;x? sf] / f] gf hf“r u/fpg OR5f ub} } {gg\ . lj/fdL eP klg n'sfP/ a:g] vt/f 5 . cln w] / } ;tfof] eg] dfq} lj/fdL ePsf] w] / } lbgkl5 hrfp“5g\ . ut jif{ PshgfnfO{ kf] h] l6e x'“bf k"/ }

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5 . To:tf] a] nfdf vfg'k5{ / af“lrG5 . gvfP /f] un] lhT5 eGg] aflx/sf] dflg; cfP ;lhnf] x'G5 . t/ s;} n] jf:tf ub} {g . kf] h] l6e ePsf] 3/ eg] / kmls{x] b} {gg\ .

To;qmddf lqe'jggu/ h] ;Lhsf sfo{sfl/0fL pkfWoIf s'naxfb'/ cf] nL, pkfWoIf /f] dg clwsf/L / ;b:o k] d Gof} kfg] ;lxtsf] 6f] nL lu7] kfgL k'u] sf] lyof] . To; qmddf 6] i6 ug] { / Toxf“ pkl:yt;lxt #^ hgfnfO{ :jf:Yo ;fduL lbPsf] pkfWoIf cf] nLn] atfpg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ klxnf kf] h] l6e cfPsf] / ;~rf] x“'b} u/] sf;lxt !% hgfnfO{ cf} iflw lbPsf] lyof] . clxn] ;Dd sl/a kf“r ;onfO{ :jf:Yo ;fduL pknAw u/fPsf] h] ;Lhsf cWoIf d's] z zdf{sf] egfO 5 . pxf“sf cg';f/ of] qmd cem} hf/L /xg] 5 . Ps r/0f 3/b} nf] u/] / xf] d cfO;f] n] zg a;] sf b'O{ ;o ;+qmldtnfO{ :jf:Yo ;fduL pknAw u/fPsf] lyof] . olta] nf PlG6h] g 6] i6 u/] sfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] sfo{qmd 5 .

O~rfh{ lwtfn / nIdLk'/ :jf:Yo s] Gbsf Nofj cl;i6] G6 afns[i0f rf} w/Ln] 6] i6 ug'\{ePsf] lyof] . To;qmddf rf/ dlxnf / 5 k'?ifdf kf] h] l6e b] lvPsf] O~rfh{ lwtfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

Ho] i7 gful/s, afnaflnsf ;a} :t/sfnfO{ kf] h] l6e b] lvPsf] 5 .

…8«kcfp6ÚnfO{ ;'ljwf lbP/ l6sfpg] gofF“ /0fgLlt o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf af“s] , @& h] 7 . Ps ;j] {If0fsf cg';f/ vh'/ f ufp“kflnsfdf ;ft kltzt afnaflnsf ljBfno eGbf aflx/ 5g\ . ljBfno aflx/ /x] sf clwsf+z afnaflnsf aLr} df ljBfno 5f] 8] sf] -8«kcfp6_ df k5{g\ . ;ft kltzt cyf{t Ps xhf/ Ps ;o !( hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ k'gM ljBfno kj] z u/fP/ l6sfO/fVg vh'/ f ufp“kflnsfn] gof“ /0fgLlt agfPsf] 5 . …;dtf /0fgLlts sfof{Gjog of] hgfÚ agfP/ ufp“kflnsf 8«kcfp6 ljBfyL{nfO{ :s"ndf leœofP/ l6sfO /fVg] u/L nfluk/] sf] lzIff zfvfsf kd'v vu] Gb dNnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . vh'/ fn] /0fgLlts of] hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu P3f/ nfv ?k} of“ 5'6\ofPsf] 5 . vh'/ fsf] of] /0fgLltnfO{ ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] klg ;kf] 6{ u/] sf] 5 . ;+3n] To;sf nflu !# nfv ?k} of“ k7fOlbPsf] 5 . lzIff zfvf kd'v dNnn] kfl/jfl/s ;j] {If0f u/] / ljBfno aflx/ /x] sf afnaflnsfsf] tYof+s lgsflnPsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sf] / f] gfn] ubf{ 3/b} nf] u/] / egf{ ug] { cleofg kefljt ePsf] 5 . c;f/ ! ut] b] lv j} slNks k0ffnLaf6 k9fpg] tof/L eO/x] sf] 5 . ljBfno aflx/ /x] sf afnaflnsfsf] tYof+s cfO;s] sfn] pgLx?nfO{ ljz] if

;'ljwf lbP/ ljBfno kj] z u/fpg] tof/L ePsf] dNnn] atfpg'eof] . …c?n] rf/ ;o ?k} of“ 5fqa[lQ kfp“5g\, clxn] ljBfno aflx/ /x] sfnfO{ Ps xhf/ ?k} of“;Dd lbg ;lsG5Ú– dNnn] eGg'eof] – …h;/L klg pgLx?nfO{ ljBfno kj] z u/fpg] / l6sfpg] cleofgdf nfu] sf 5f} + .Ú vh'/ fdf ^$ j6f ljBfno 5g\ . !* xhf/ a9L ljBfyL{ 5g\ . o;df ;/sf/L ljBfnodf k9\g] !# xhf/ 5g\ . vh'/ fn] csf] { /fdf] sfd eg] sf] ljBfyL{ cg'kftdf lzIfssf] Joj:yfkg ul//x] sf] 5 . lhNnfd} klxnf] k6s vh'/ f ufp“ lzIff k~rjifL{o of] hgf tof/ u/] sf] ufp“kflnsfn] $) hgf ljBfyL{ a/fa/ Pshgf lzIfs x'g'kg] { dfkb08 agfPsf] 5 . ;+3Lo lx;fjdf %) hgf ljBfyL{ a/fa/ Pshgf lzIfs k5{g\ . k~r jifL{o of] hgfcGtu{t kflnsfn] @% hgf lzIfs s/f/df lnP/ b/aGbL gePsf ljBfnodf k7fPsf] 5 .

Pshgf lzIfs a/fa/ $) hgf eGbfa9L ljBfyL{ ePsf] :s"nnfO{ kflnsfn] cg'bfg lbg] / To;af6 lzIfs lgo'lQm ug] { kjGw ldnfPsf] 5 . db/;f;lxt #$ j6f ljBfnodf #) nfv cg'bfg lgsf;f ul/b} 5 . ufp“kflnsfn] clgjfo{ lgMz'Ns lzIff rnfpg #& nfv ** xhf/ 5'6\ofPsf] 5 . kflnsfn] ljleGg :s"nx?nfO{ ejg, zf} rfno lgdf{0fb] lv cfO6L Nofa, z} lIfs u'0f:t/Lo sfo{qmdcGtu{t

ljleGg ;xof] u u/] sf] 5 . lzIff zfvfsf kd'v dNnsf cg';f/, of] lugL dflj / z'qm dfljdf #^÷#^ nfv ?k} of‘“df ejg ag] sf 5g\ . kfgL 6\ of+sL;lxtsf] tLgj6f :s"n cfbz{ dflj, 8L ufp‘“, cDa] dftf kflj, a'4k'/ / hgsNof0f dflj, p9/fk'/ df zf} rfno ag] sf 5g\ . kb] zn] kz'klt dflj, l3of, cfbz{ dflj, 8Lufp“, hg;] jf dflj, k'/ } gf, b'O{j6f db/;fnfO{ b'O{sf] 7] ejg / zf} rfno agfpg *) nfv ?k} of“ lbPsf] 5 . gd"gf ljBfno ;'wf/ of] hgfcGtu{t 1fgf] bo gd"gf dflj / hgtf gd"gf dfljnfO{ ef} lts lgdf{0fsf nflu Ps÷Ps s/f] 8, gd"gf ljBfno z} lIfs tyf Joj:yfksLo of] hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf nflu %)÷%) nfv cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . dfWolds ljBfno k': tsfno :yfkgf / Ok': tsfno :yfkgf ug{ 1fgf] bo, of] lugL dflj, cd/ dfljnfO{ 5 nfv %) xhf/ lgsf;f, cfO6L Nofa :yfkgfsf nflu hgtf gd"gf dflj, g] / f ltvf{ kfljnfO{ 5 nfv %) xhf/ lgsf;f ul/Psf] 5 . /fi6«klt z} lIfs ;'wf/ sfo{qmddf !# j6f :s"nnfO{ Ps s/f] 8 *$ nfv %) xhf/ k/] sf] 5 . sDKo"6/ Nofasf nflu 1fgf] bo gd"gf dfljnfO{ @% nfv 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 . lzIffdf gjLgtd kljlwsf] kof] u ug{ g] / f ltvf{ kfljnfO{ Ps s/f] 8 *$ nfv %) xhf/ k/] sf] 5 .

cfhsf] /fzLkmn nIdLwf/f Hof]ltif s]Gb @)&*.)@.@* ut] z'qmaf/ ltlyM h]i7 z'Sn kltkbf, gIfqM d[ulz/f

Hof]= k+= 8f= e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8] ;b:o– g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb\ df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%! ef/t )(!–(!@%&^^&)&

d]if -r",r] ,rf] ,nf,nL,n",n] ,nf],c_M ;fyLefOsf] ;xof]u / d]xgtsf] kmn, cfo cfDbfgL sfo{ ;kmntf /fdf];“u kfKt x'g]5 .

t'nf -/f,/L,?,/],/f] ,tf,tL,t",t] _M ;Tsfo{df dfq z'elrGtssf] ;fy kfOg lsg]5 .

j[if -O{,pm,P,cf] ,jf,lj,j",j] ,jf] _M xftdf cfPsf] /sd c?sf nflu vr{g' knf{ .

j[lZrs -tf] ,gf,gL,g",g] ,gf] ,of,oL,o"_M s]xL k'/fgf ;d:ofx?sf] cndn kG5\ofpg] sfo{df nfUg ;lsg]5 . wg' -o] ,of] ,ef,eL,e",w,kmf,9f,e] _M ef}lts ;'ljwfsf sf/0f vr{ a9\g ;Sg]5 . ds/ -ef] ,hf,hL,h",h] ,hf],vf,vL,v",v] ,vf] ,uf,uL_M x/]s r'gf}tL kG5\ofpb} sfo{ ;kmn kfg{ ;lsg]5 . s'De -u",u] ,uf] ,;,;L,;',;] ,;f] ,b_M tkfO“sf] sfo{n] cfzf hufpg]5 . kl/l:ylt cg';f/ rNg'xf];\ . dLg -bL,b",y,em,~f,b] ,bf] ,rf,rL_M sfdsf] cj;/ cfP klg tTsfn kltkmn kfpg ufxf] 5 .

ldy'g -sf,sL,s",3,ª,5,s] ,sf] ,x_M dgkg]{ j:t' Pj+ :jflbi6 ef]hg ;'v /fdf];“u kfKt x'g]5 . ss{6 -xL,x",x] ,xf] ,8f,8L,8",8] ,8f] _M cj;/sf] vf]hLdf bf}8w'k / cfly{s hf]xf] ug'{kg]{ lbg 5 . l;+x -df,dL,d",d],df],6f,6L,6",6] _M ljutsf sd{x?sf] plrt kltkmn kfKt x'g ;Sg]5 . sGof -6f],k,kL,k",if,0f,7,k],kf] _M sfd pNemgd} /x] klg nfef+; eg] kfKt x'g ;Sg]5 .

km] nf kf/] sf] lyof] . 6fpsf] , 5ftL, 3f“6L / u'Ktf+udf wfl/nf] xltof/ kxf/ u/L z/L/sf ljleGg efudf /utn] ntkltPsf] cj:yfdf kx/Ln] zj km] nf kf/] sf] lyof] . pgLx¿af6 xTofdf kof] u ePsf] wfl/nf] xltof/ -kmnfdsf] bfp_ Ps yfg, kfgL tfGg] gnsf] x\of08n Ps yfg, xTofdf kof] u ePsf] xl/of] af“;sf] 3f/f Ps yfg;lxt cGo kdf0f a/fdb ul/Psf] lhNnf kx/L sfof{nosf lgldQ kx/L kjQmf efis/ rGbn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . k'/ fgf] l/l;OaLsf sf/0f abnf lng] ;f] rn] of] hgfa4¿kdf ofbjsf] xTof ul/Psf] kx/Lsf] egfO 5 . d+unaf/ kqmfp ul/Psf cleo'QmnfO{ lhNnf cbfntaf6 !) lbgsf] Dofb yk u/L cg';Gwfg cl3 a9fOPsf] kx/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .

cfTdlge{/ d'vL s[lifdf hf] 8 sf7df8f} +, @& h] 7 -o';_– ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] c+uLsf/ u/] sf] lbuf] ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{ cfTdlge{/ d'vL s[lif k0ffnL cjnDag ug'{kg] { lj1x?n] cf} +NofPsf 5g\ . ;g\ @)#) ;Dd ljZje/af6 ef] sd/Lsf] cGTo ub{} ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu ljZje/sf d'n'saf6 cj:yf ljZn] if0f ug{ /fi6« ;+3n] cfof] hgf ub} { cfPsf] vfB k0ffnL k"j{ ;Dd] ngsf] cjwf/0ffcg';f/ g] kfndf klg 5nkmn sfo{qmd z'?jft ul/Psf] 5 . er'{cn sfo{qmddf /fli6«o of] hgf cfof] usf ;b:o tyf kjQmf dLgaxfb'/ zfxLn] s[lif If] qdf cfTdlge{/ x'g] vfnsf sfo{qmdnfO{ a9L hf] 8 lbg'kg{] cf} +Nofpg'eof] . …;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] cuflwsf/, lbuf] vfB k0ffnL ;'lglZrttfsf] d"n cfwf/Ú gf/fsf ;fy lbuf] vfB k0ffnLdf pTkfbs ;d"x Pj+ ;fgf ls;fgsf] of] ubfg ljifos pQm sfo{qmddf vfB ;Dke'tfsf] ljifodf pxf“n]

gful/s ;+u7gn] p7fPsf ljifonfO{ d"Nof+sg ub} { cufl8 a9] sf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] tNnf] txsf s[ifsnfO{ ljQLo kx“'rsf nflu s[lif ljsf; a} +snfO{ g} ;xhLs/0f ul/lbg cfux ug{'eof] . ;Dd] ngsf] cfof] hsdf /fli6«o e"ld clwsf/ d~r, ;fd'bflos jg pkef] Qmf dxf;+3, vfBsf nflu s[lif cleofg, /fli6«o l;+rfO{ hn pkef] Qmf dxf;+3 g] kfn, Pzf] l;Pzg ckm g] kfnL PlusNr/n hg{ln:6;\ -cgfh_

;dfrf/

…clS;hgsf nflu d]/f] xhf/Ú dfkm{t ;xof]u hfh/sf] 6, @& h] 7 . …clS;hgsf nflu d] / f] xhf/Ú cleofgdfkm{t hfh/sf] 6df Ps ;o %) j6f clS;hg l;ln08/ l/lkmn ul/Psf] 5 . ljZjdf dxfdf/Lsf ¿kdf km} lnPsf] sf] / fgf efO/;sf] ;+qmd0f a9\b} uPsf] / lhNnfdf clS;hgsf] cefj x'g;Sg] s'/ fnfO{ Wofgdf /fv] / clS;hgsf nflu cfly{s ;+sng cleofg z'? ul/Psf] lyof] . kqsf/ e/t zdf{, ;/f] h cf] nL tyf ljBfyL{ g] tf lbg] z uf} tdnufotsf] g] t[Tjdf ;~rflnt cleofgdf ;+sng ePsf] /sdn] lhNnf c:ktfndf /x] sf Ps ;o %) j6f clS;hg l;ln08/ l/lkmn ul/Psf] xf] . o'jf kqsf/;“u} hfh/sf] 6 h'lgrf“b]

3/ eO{ xfn hfkfgdf cWoog/t lvd/fh zfxsf] ;lqmotfdf b'O{ nfv !* xhf/ ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . kqsf/ zdf{ / cf] nLsf] ;+o'Qm b:tvtaf6 Hof] lt ljsf; a} +s, hfh/sf] 6 zfvfdf vf] lnPsf] vftfdf hDdf ePsf] pQm /sddWo] Ps ;o %) j6f clS;hg l;ln08/ l/lkmn ug{ () xhf/ :jf:Yo ;] jf sfof{nosf] vftfdf hDdf ul/Psf] xf] . af“sL Ps nfv @* xhf/sf] :jf:Yo ;fduL vl/b u/L x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sf] / f] gf dxfdf/Laf6 aRg cfjZos df:s, JolQmut ;'/ Iff ;fduL, ;] lg6fOh/, clS;ld6/nufotsf ;fduL vl/b u/L lhNnfsf] e] / L gu/kflnsf / h'lgrfb] ufp“kflnsfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf] .

5g\ . zfxLn] sfo{qmddf p7] sf ljifoj:t' sfof{Gjog ug{ cu;/ x'g] s[lif tyf kz'k+IfL ljsf; dGqfnosf ;lrj 8f= of] u] Gbs'df/ sfsL{n] atfpg'eof] . ;a} ljifoj:t'nfO{ sfof{Gojogdf Nofpg ;lsP s[lifhGo j:t'sf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9\g] pxf“sf] egfO 5 . s[lifsf] ;'wf/lagf cy{tGqsf] ;'wf/ gx'g] eGb} s[lifsf ;a} ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;Dd] ngdf p7fpg] pxf“n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sfo{qmddf cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd] ng ;kmn kfg{ gful/s ;+u7gn] s] s:tf] of] ubfg k'¥ofP eGg] ljifodf 5j6f sfo{kq k:t't ul/Psf lyP .

vfB pTkfbs ls;fgsf] Ifdtf ljsf;, :jR5 pTkfbgdf ;xhLs/0f / cEof;, pTkfbgsf] ;fwg ;–;fgf ls;fgsf] kx'“r :yfkgf, s[lif pBd ljsf;, afnLsf] ;dy{g d"No, ahf/Ls/0f / pTkfbsnfO{ d'gfkmfsf nflu gLltut / k4lt ljsf;df ;xhLs/0f ub} { cfPsf] /fli6«o s[ifs ;d"x dxf;+3, g] kfn sfo{qmd ;+of] hs s] bf/ sf] O/fnfn] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf p7] sf ljifodfly 5 hgf lj1n] ljZn] if0f u/] sf lyP . gfkmfd"ns pTkfbgn] lbuf] v] tL k0ffnL x'g g;s] sf] ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfnosf kfWofks /Iff zdf{n] atfpg'eof] .

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cfof] 6Kk l6Kof] nUof] ldlt k'Uof] 6f/] / 6b} {g Tof] .

OGb} laGtL u?g\ em's] / kbdf Tof] laGtL dfGb} g Tof] ..

/]UdLnfO{ ljBfjfl/wL 3f] / fxL, @& h] 7 -o';_– /fli6«o jfl0fHo a} +saf6 cjsfzkfKt kaGws b] j/fh /] UdLn] d] jf/ ljZjljBfno /fh:yfg ef/taf6 e"uf] n ljifo cGtu{t …A study of socio economic development in relation to geographical perspectiveÚ ljifodf

ljBfjfl/wL ug{'ePsf] 5 . afnldt] / L dfWolds laBfno ef] hk'/ bfªaf6 @)## ;fndf kj] lzsf k/LIff pQL0f{

u/L dx] Gb ax'd'vL SofDk; e/tk'/ bfªaf6 @)#( df :gfts tx pQL0f{ u/L lqe'jg ljZjljBfno sLlt{k'/ sf7df8f} +af6 @)$$ ;fndf :gftsf] Q/ cWoog u/L @)$% df /fli6«o jfl0fHo a} +sdf v'nf k ltof] lutfaf6 clws[t kbdf kj] z ug'{ePsf] lyof] . #) jif{ cljl5Gg¿kdf ;] jf ub} { cfO/xg'ePsf] df @)&$ df :j] lR5s cjsfzdf lg:sg'ePsf /] UdLn] ljBfjfl/lw kfKt ug{'ePsf] xf] .

dLg/fh uf}td ls/0f uf}td o; 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfsf cWoIf dLg/fh uf}tdsf] @)&* h]7 !^ ut] / ;fwf/0f ;b:o ls/0f uf}tdsf] @)&* h]7 !) ut] ePsf] c;fdlos lgwgn] xfdL cToGt ddf{xt Pj+ :tAw ePsf 5f}+ . zf]s / kL8fsf] o; 38Ldf d[tsåoklt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ks6 ug'{sf] ;fy} zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf ulx/f] ;dj]bgf ks6 ub{5f}+ .

/em]gf ufp“ 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf kl/jf/ Pj+ ;Dk"0f{ ufp“jf;L 3f]/fxL p=d=g=kf=–!* /em]gf, bfª

kßf]bo klAns gd'gf dfWolds ljBfno

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-;fd'bflos ljBfnodf kfljlws lzIff_

l;d't', ?s'd -klZrd_ ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf kfljlws lzIff

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k':tsfnosf ef}lts ;fduL vl/b ;DaGwL lznaGbL b/efpkq cfx\jfgsf] ;"rgf Û ;"rgf ksflzt ldlt M @)&*.)@.@* cf=j= @)&&÷&* df ;fdflhs ljsf; l8lehg sfof{no t'n;Lk'/af6 o; ljBfnonfO{ kfKt cg'bfg / ljBfnosf] ;fem]bf/Laf6 lj1fg k':tsfnosf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ¥ofs, b/fh, s';L{, 6]a'n, Dofulhg l8:Kn] ¥ofs cflb ;fduLx? vl/b ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] Eof6;lxt ?= @ nfvdf ga9fO{ ;"rgf ksfzg ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq lznaGbL b/efpkq -sf]6]zg_ cfx\jfg ul/Psf] 5 . lznaGbL b/efpkqsf;fydf kmd{ btf{sf] kdf0fkq, kfg g+ sf] kdf0fkq, kmd{ gjLs/0fsf] kdf0fkq, s/r'Qmfsf] kdf0fkqsf kltlnlkx? ;+nUg x'g'kg]{5 . ;fduLsf] ljj/0f ljBfnoaf6 kfKt ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;Dks{ kmf]g g+= )*@–%^)@!@, (*$&*@^($!

kwfgfWofks

3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf sfof{no bfªsf] gS;f kf;;DjGwL ;"rgf † bfª nfnd6Lof uf=lj=;= j8f g+= * a:g] lalgtf clwsf/Ln] d]/f] gfddf btf{ >]:tf ePsf] ;fljs xl/åf/ ^ v -xfn 3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !&_ ls=g+= @)%% / @)$* a=ld= @)!=^) hUufdf 3/ lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu 3/sf] gS;fkf; u/L kfpF egL ldlt @)&&.!@.!! df gS;f;lxt lgj]bg k]z ug'{ePsf] 5 . ;f] cg';f/ 3/sf] gS;fkf; Ohfht pknAw u/fpg cfjZos klqmof k"/f u/L ldlt @)&*.)@.@& ut]sf lbg :ynut ;/hldg ubf{ k"j{tkm{sf ;lwof/ kljqf /fjt af]x/f, klZrdtkm{sf ;lwof/ l;df la=s= / blIf0ftkm{sf ;lwof/ anaxfb'/ yfkf ;d]tsf ;lwof/x? cg'kl:yt x'g' ePsf] n] gS;fkf; sfo{ /f] lsg uPsf] 5 . olb sf]xL s;} sf] bfaL lj/f] w eP of] ;"rgf ksflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% -kGw_ lbgleq cfk\mgf] ;a't kdf0f;lxt o; sfof{nodf lnlvt lgj]bg lbg'xf]nf .cGoyf lgodfg';f/ lghsf gfddf 3/ gS;fkf; eO hfg] x'Fbf ;DalGwt ;a} sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf ksflzt ul/Psf] 5 .

klqsf dfu]/ xf] Og lsg]/ k9\g] afgL a;fnf} + .

z'4 kfgL rflxPdf

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(Jun 11, 2021)

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