२०७३ जेठ २४ गते सोमवार

CMYK

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ljut !* jif{b] lv ufxssf dfem lr/kl/rt /fKtL OF§f pBf] u ca gofF gfd Go" /fKtL OF§f pBf] usf ;fy gofF alnof] , e/kbf] { OF§f ahf/df cfPsf] ufxsdfem ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ .

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Go" /fKtL OҤf pBf]u

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dw]zsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg b]zleq}af6 u/f}+ M k"j{/fi6«klt q kf08j zdf{ 3f] / fxL, @# h] 7 . k"j{/ fi6«klt 8f= /fdj/0f ofbjn] dw] zdf b] lvPsf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg b] zleq} af6 ug'{kg] { atfpg'ePsf] 5 . ljZj jftfj/0f lbj;sf] cj;/df g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªn] cfof] hgf u/] sf] bfªsf] jftfj/0f ;+/ If0fdf ;/f] sf/jfnfsf] e"ldsf ljifos cGtlq{mof sfo{qmddf af] Nb} pxf“n] d'n'ssdf pTkGg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg b] zleq} af6 ul/g'kg] { atfpg'ePsf] xf] . …oxf“sf] ;d:of b] zleq} af6 ;dfwfg ug'{k5{, o;tkm{ ;a} /fhgLlts bnx? ;r] t x'g h?/L 5Ú– ofbjn] eGg'eof] . pxf“n] ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjogsf nflu kd'v /fhgLlts bnx? ldn] / hfg'sf] ljsNk gePsf] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{eof] . dw] zL / kxf8L ldn] / hfg'kg] { wf/0ff JoQm ub} { ofbjn] kfls:tfg / lxGb": tfgaf6 kf7 l;s] / ;r] t x'g'kg] { atfpg'eof] . sfg"gsf] zf;g / k4ltsf] ljsf; ug] { xf] eg] ;a} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g] pxf“sf] egfO lyof] . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf /fhgLlts bnx?aLr ag] sf] Pstf ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjogdf klg b] lvg'kg] { pxf“sf] egfO lyof] . ofbjn] ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog ubf{ dw] zsf] dfu ;DAff] wg x'g'k5{ eGg] cfkm\gf] b[li6sf] 0f eP klg ;+ljwfgsf] sfg'gL Joj:yf / hgkltlglwsf] lg0f{onfO{ cfkm"n] ;xif{?kdf sfof{Gjog u/] sf] atfpg'eof] . …d} n] ;+ljwfg hf/L ubf{ 9f] u] sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ eGbf ;fj{ef} d hgkltlglwsf] lg0f{onfO{ :jLsf/ u/] sf] ;+s] t xf] Ú– ofbjn] eGg'eof] – …ca ;+ljwfgnfO{ sfof{Gjog ub} { zflGt / ;d[l4tkm{ nfUg' xfdf;fd' bfloTj ylkPsf] 5 .Ú ;+j} wflgs x} l;otn] cfkm"n] /fi6«klt x'“bf / clxn] k"j{/ fi6«klt x'“bf klg w] / } s'/ f af] Ng gldNg] atfp“b} ofbjn] cfkm"n] kbsf] ul/dfnfO{ Vofn u/] sf] :ki6 kfg'{eof] . …;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog u/] / d'n's ;d[4 eof] eg] ;a} nfO{ kmfObf k'U5, b] z g} /x] g eg] xfdf] s] cl:tTj eof] / <Ú– ofbjn] eGg'eof] – …b] z g} /x] g eg] d k"j{/ fi6«klt s;/L /xg ;S5' < /fhgLlts bn s;/L /xg ;S5g\ <Ú cfkm"n] ljutb] lv g} ;xdltsf] kIfdf c8fg /fVb} cfPsf] pNn] v ub} { k"j{/ fi6«klt ofbjn] clxn] klg o; ljifodf lgs} lrlGtt ePsf] atfpg'eof] . /f] huf/Lsf] cefjdf d'n'saf6 #) nfveGbf a9L o'jf ljb] z knfog ePsf] k;+u sf] 6\ofp“b}

nf]8;]l8ª Ps 306f 36\of] 3f] / fxL, @# h] 7 -o';_– g] kfn ljB't kflws/0fn] ljB'tef/ -nf] 8;] l8ª_ s6f} tLsf] ;do Ps 306f 36fPsf] 5 . ef] ln d+njf/b] lv nfu' x'g] u/L kflws/0fn] b} lgs gf} 306f ljB'tef/ s6f} tL ug{ nfu] sf] xf] . o;cl3 kflws/0fn] b} lgs !) 306f ljB'tef/ s6f} tL ub{} cfPsf] lyof] . gbLdf hnkjfxsf] qmd a9] sf sf/0f qmdzM ljB'tef/ s6f} tLsf] ;do 36fp“‘b} nlug] kflws/0f ef/k] if0f s] Gbsf kd'v e'jgs'df/ vqLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ xfn b} lgs ;ft ;o d] ufjf6 ljB't cfk"lt{ x'“b} cfPsf] 5 eg] Ps xhf/ tLg ;o %) d] ufjf6 ljB't dfu /x“b} cfPsf] 5 . kflws/0fn] ljB't r'xfj6 x'g] :yfgdf eg] Go"gtd Ps 306f / clwstd ;ft 306feGbf a9L ljB'tef/ s6f} tL ug{] hgfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] Ps jif{leq nf] 8;] l8ª cGTo x'g] bfjL u/] klg hnljB't pTkfbgdf eg] s'g} kult x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . nuftf/sf] nf] 8;] l8ªsf sf/0f hghLjg si6s/ aGb} cfPsf] 5 eg] b] zsf] cy{tGq w/f;foL ePsf] 5 .

CMYK

pxf“n] b] zdf pTkfbg zlQm 36] sf] df lrGtf JoQm ug'{eof] . …dnfO{ /fdf] ;Demgf 5, d cfkm} wfg laqmL ug{ uf8faf6 ef/t hfg] ub{y+] t/ clxn] ;a} lrh xfdLn] cfoft ul//x] sf 5f} +Ú– ofbjn] eGg'eof] – …xfdLn] pTkfbg a9fpg h?/L 5 .Ú jftfj/0f ;+/ If0fsf] ljifodf cfkm" ljBfyL{sfnb] lv g} lrlGtt ePsf] hfgsf/L lb“b} 8f= ofbjn] eGg'eof] – …d clxn] &# jif{sf] eP“, oxf“sf] jg h+un s;/L km8fgL eof] eg] / d} n] cfkm\g} cf“vfn] b] v] sf] 5', clxn] kfgLsf] ;tx lgs} 36] sf] 5 .Ú ljleGg kb x'“b} /fi6«klt;Dd k'Ubf cfkm"nfO{ jftfj/0f ;+/ If0fsf] ljifodf lrGtf sfod /x] sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . ljutdf Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:o /x“bf cfkm"n] p7fPsf] jftfj/0f ;+/ If0fsf] ljifonfO{ :d/0f ub} { ofbjn] /fi6«klt ePkl5 cem o;tkm{ s] lGbt ePsf] atfpg'eof] . …d] / f] cfuxdf g} tTsfnLg kwfgdGqL dfwjs'df/ g] kfnn] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf /fi6«klt r'/ ] ;+/ If0f sfo{qmd ;dfj] z ug'{ePsf] xf] Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …clxn] ;Dd ;a} ;/sf/n] of] sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf 5g\, o;df dnfO{ lgs} v'zL nfu] sf] 5, ca xfdL xfdf] jftfj/0f / :jf:Yodf lrlGtt x'g h?/L 5 .Ú sfo{qmddf dx] Gb ax'd'vL SofDk; bfªsf kf=8f= w/0fLs'df/ zdf{ / :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L

/d] z uf} tdn] sfo{kq k:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{kqdfly e" tyf kof{j/0f ;+/ If0f cleofg g] kfnsf s] GbLo cWoIf Pj+ k"j{;ef;b\ /ZdL/fh g] kfnL, k"j{ ;ef;b zfGtf rf} w/L, cGt/f{li6«o jg ;~hfnsf cWoIf 3gZofd kf08], dfgj sNof0f tyf jftfj/0f ;+/ If0f s] Gbsf ;+: yfks cWoIf >Ldg Gof} kfg] / dx] Gb ax'd'vL SofDk;sf ;xkfWofks e/t/fh Gof} kfg] n] l6Kk0fL ug'{ePsf] lyof] . kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf cWoIf ;'bLk uf} tdsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf ;ef;bx? bLks lu/L, clgtf b] jsf] 6f, g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf s] GbLo ;b:o lgd{n cfrfo{ …ljdnÚ / ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf] / dsf czf] s ofbjn] dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . km\nf] / cf] kg sfo{qmddf ljleGg JolQmTjx?n] cf–cfkm\gf wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ljifodfly dxf;+3sf k"j{cWoIf k] ; :jtGqtf ;] gfgL ;'zLn uf} tdn] ksfz kfg'{ePsf] lyof] . pkfWoIf nIdL cfrfo{sf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f ;lrj uh] Gb af] x/f / ;x;lrj l8NnL dNnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf kqsf/ dxf;+3sf s] GbLo ;b:o Pj+ dWoklZrd ;x;+of] hs chobLk zdf{n] bfª 3f] if0ffkq k:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

;/sf/Ldf aGWofs/0f, lghLaf6 pN6fpFb} 5f]/fsf] d[To'kl5 of bf] ;f] ljjfxn] ck];gdf vNanL q s'df/ >] i7 af“s] , @# h] 7 . af“s] kmQ] k'/ sL Pshgf dlxnfn] aGWofs/0f pN6fpg s] ug'{k5{ eg] / …cfOl8ofÚ dfUg'eof] .

5f] / f5f] / Lsf] /x/ k"/ f ePkl5 tL dlxnfn] aGWofs/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . b'ef{Uojz 5f] / fsf] d[To' ePkl5 tL dlxnfnfO{ aGWofs/0f pN6fpg dg nfUof] . a+z hf] ufpg 5f] / f g} rflxg] k/Dk/fut ;f] rfOn] dlxnfnfO{ aGWofs/0f pN6fP/ 5f] / f hGdfpg /x/dfq} xf] Og, 3/kl/jf/sf] bafa g} k/] sf] lyof] .

5f] / fsf] d[To' eP klg 5f] / L 3/df /x] sfn] tL dlxnfn] aGWofs/0f u/] sf] ;/sf/L lgsfo lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{noaf6 pN6fpg] ;'ljwf kfpg' ePg . hg:jf:Yo sfof{non] jif{df Psk6s ;~rfng ug] { ck] ;g lzlj/af6 ;] jf lnPsL tL dlxnf kl5 ;Dks{df cfpg'ePg . dlxnfn] lghL c:ktfnx?af6 ck] ;g pN6fPsf] cf“sng ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{non] 5f] / f5f] / L b'a} …u'd] dfÚ ck] ;g pN6fOlbg;S5 . sfof{nosf kmf] snk;{g a;Gt u} / ] n] kmQ] k'/ sL dlxnfsf] 5f] / L /x] sfn] pN6fpg] ;] jf lbg g;lsPsf] atfpg'eof] . ;Gtfgsf] /x/ k'u] sf bDktLnfO{

hg:jf:Yo sfof{non] jif{df Psk6s ufp“d} k'u] / aGWofs/0f ub{5 . o;/L ck] ;g ug] {nfO{ b'O{ ;o %) ?k} of“ lbOG5 . ;/sf/L dfkb08 k'u] / ck] ;g pN6fpg cfpg] nfO{ bz xhf/ ?k} of“ pknAw u/fOG5 . af“s] df ;Gtfgsf] /x/ k'u] / ck] ;g u/] sfx? kl5 lgM;Gtfg eP/ o:tf] ;] jf lng cfPsf 5} gg\ . 5f] / fsf] d[To' ePkl5 of bf] ;f] ljjfx u/] sfx?n] ck] ;g pN6fpg] u/] sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L c:ktfn of lzlj/x?af6 ck] ;g u/] sfx? pN6fpg eg] lghL c:ktfndf hfg] u/] sf 5g\ . j} b] lzs /f] huf/Lsf] ljs[lt ag] sf] kl/jf/ ljv08gn] o;nfO{ a9fjf lbPsf] 5 . aGWofs/0f pN6fp‘“bf ;Gtfg hGdg] ;Defjgf sd} x'G5 . ck] ;g u/] sf] s] xL ;dod} pN6fp“bf aRrf hlGdg] ;Defjgf a9L x'g] lrlsT;sx? atfp“5g\ . hg:jf:Yo sfof{nosf kmf] snk;{g u} / ] sf cg';f/, rf“8} pN6fPdf &) kltzt;Dd ;kmn x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . af“s] df ck] ;g ul/;s] sfn] pN6fpg ;Nnfx dfUg] sf] ;+Vof sd g} /x] sf] u} / ] sf] egfO 5 . af“s] df csf] { crDd t, k'?ifn] ck] ;g g} ub} {gg\ . dlxnfnfO{ eGbf k'?ifnfO{ ck] ;g ubf{ ;xh x'g] eP klg … sfd u/] / kfNg] Ú gfddf k'?ifn] aGWofs/0f u/] sf] kfO“b} g . hg:jf:Yon] jflif{s?kdf ufp“df ug] { lzlj/df bz kltzt klg k'?ifn] aGWofs/0f ub} {gg\ . @)&! df !^

j6f uflj;df lzlj/ ;~rfng ubf{ b'O{ ;o @! hgfn] aGWofs/0f u/] sf lyP .

To;df k'?if hDdf gf} hgf /x] sf lyP . o;nfO{ kltztdf x] bf{ *=% x'g cfp“5 . s] xL uflj;df t lzlj/df Pshgf klg aGWofs/0f ug{ cfp“b} gg\ . g/} gfk'/ uflj;df @)&) / @)&! df ;~rfng ul/Psf] lzlj/df Pshgf klg aGWofs/0f ug{ cfPsf lyPgg\ . dx+uf] vr{ u/] / hDaf] 6f] nL hfg] t/ aGWofs/0f ug{ sf] xL gcfpg' b'ef{Uo g} xf] . of] jif{ tLg ;ohgfnfO{ aGWofs/0f ug] { nIf /flvPsf] lyof] t/ k"/ f x'g ;s] g . cl3Nnf] jif{ tLg ;o *) hgfn] aGWofs/0f u/] sf lyP . aGWofs/0f ug] {df yf? dlxnf w] / } /xg] u/] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . b'O{ ;Gtfg O{Zj/sf] a/bfg eGg] ul/G5 . ;Da4 hfgsf/x?sf cg';f/, Ps 5f] / f / 5f] / L hGdfP/ aGWofs/0f u/] sfx?n] kl5 b'ef{Uojz 5f] / fsf] d[To' ePkl5 ck] ;g pN6fpg] u/] sf 5g\ . bf] ;f] ljjfx u/] sf k'?if of dlxnf klg o:tf] df ;+nUg 5g\ . …aGWofs/0f u/] sf] k'?if 5 / p;n] bf] ;f] ljjfx u/] sf] 5 of dlxnfn] o:t} u/] sL 5g\ eg] gof“ hf] 8Laf6 ;Gtfg;'v kfKt ug{sf nflu ck] ;g pN6fpg] ul/Psf] 5Ú– lrlsT;sx? eG5g\– …gof“ hf] 8Ln] ;Gtfg vf] Hg' :jfefljs klg eof] .Ú

goF“ Joj:yfkgsf ;fy pRr :t/Lo af08 æ;f]dfgLÆ xh'/x?sf] 3/b}nf]df

t'n;Lk'/–^ aflxgLrf]s, bfª xfdLsxfF ljleGg lsl;dsf clt cfsif{s dfj{N; tyf pRr :t/Lo af08 æ;f]dfgLÆ sf ljleGg ;]ud]G6x? h:t} km\nf]/ 6foN;, afy?d jfn 6foN;, afy?d wf/f6'6L, afy6k Hofs'hLnufot cGo ;fdfgx? ;'ky d"Nodf kfOG5 .

k[i7 M ^

d"No M ?= %.–

kwfgdGqL / kr08aLr 5nkmn o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf sf7df8f} +, @# h] 7 . kwfgdGqL s] kL zdf{ cf] nL / g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn …kr08ÚaLr ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/jfxL, g]skf Pdfn] / tTsfnLg Pdfcf]jfbLaLr ePsf] gf}ab“' ] ;xdlt, /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ u7g nufot ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] 5 . kwfgdGqL / kr08aLr zflGt klqmofsf af“sL sfd 6'+Uofpg] ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] kr08sf] ;lrjfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . zxLb kl/jf/nfO{ lbg] elgPsf] yk /fxt ah] 6df gcfPsf] / zxLb ljBfnox?sf nflu sd ah] 6 cfPsf] af/] pxf“x?aLr 5nkmn ePsf] ;lrjfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . pxf“x?aLr ;/sf/sf sfd sf/jfxLsf ljifodf klg 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . kwfgdGqL;“usf] jftf{kl5 kf6L{lgs6 pBf] uL Aofkf/Lx?sf] ;Dd] ng pb\3f6gdf cWoIf kr08n] /fli6«o Pstfdf hf] 8 lbg'eof] . …xfdLn] clxn] eg] sf 5f} + /fli6«o Pstfsf] vf“rf] 5, /fli6«o Pstf geO{ of] ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog x'“b} gÚ– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …k'glg{df{0f cleofgnfO{ ult lbgsf nflu klg /fli6«o Pstf vf“rf] 5 . t] ;f] , dw] znufot h'g ;d:of b] lvPsf 5g\, To;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu klg /fli6«o Pstfsf] vf“rf] 5 / hgtfsf] rfxgfcg';f/ tLa cfly{s ljsf;sf lglDt klg /fli6«o Pstfsf] vf“rf] 5 .Ú kr08n] slDtdf b'O{ c9fO jif{;Dd bnx? ldn] / cl3 a9\g'kg{] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] yKg'eof] – …sd;] sd b'O{ c9fOjif{ xfdL Ps 7fp“df pleP/ uof} + eg] b] znfO{ Pp6f l:y/tfdf nfg ;lsG5 . xfdLn] w] / } cl:y/tf / w] / } c/fhstf ef] u] sf 5f} + . oxL laGb'af6 xfdLn] l:y/tf / cg'zf;g k} bf ug{' 5 .Ú ljutdf klg /fli6«o Pstf gePsf] eP u0ftGq :yfkgf / ;+ljwfg lgd{f0f ;Dej g/x] sf] cf} +Nofp“b} pxf“n]

ca klg ;xdltd} hf] 8 lbg'kg] { atfpg'eof] . xfdLn] h'6fPsf] /sd hyfefjL af“l8of] M b]pjf g] kfnL sf+u] ;sf ;efklt z] / axfb'/ b] pjfn] g] kfnL sf+u] ;n] s/ ;+sng u/] / / ljb] zL ;xof] u h'6fP/ /fHosf] ifdf hDdf u/] sf] /sd clxn] sf] ;/sf/n] hyfefjL af“8\g nfu] sf] cf/f] k nufpg'ePsf] 5 . clxn] ;Qfdf /x] sf bnx?n] cfGtl/s ;f] t kl/rfng u/L cfDbfgL ug{ g;Sg] / pgLx?nfO{ ljb] zLn] klg gkTofpg] cj:yf /x] sf] bfaL klg b] pjfsf] 5 . sfo{stf{ e] nfsf nflu kf] v/f k'Ug'ePsf b] pjfn] ah] 6dfkm{t g} cfkm\gf sfo{st{fnfO{ ;/sf/n] ah] 6 af“8\g nfu] sf] cf/f] k;d] t nufpg'eof] . /fHo k'g;{+/ rgf cfof] usf] kltj] bg kmfu'gdf dfq} cfpg] ePsf] n] kmfu'gcl3 :yfgLo lgsfosf] r'gfj ;Dej gePsf] / ;/sf/n] d+l;/df :yfgLo lgsfosf] r'gfj u5{' eg] / 9f“6] sf] klg b] pjfn] atfpg'eof] . …d+l;/df r'gfj ug{] eP cfof] usf] kltj] bg sflt{sdf Nofpg'k5{Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] – …xf] Og eg] cfof] u vf/] h ug'{k5{ .Ú gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog / r'gfjsf nflu g] kfnL sf+u] ; g] t[Tj lng ;d] t tof/ /x] sf] b] pjfsf] egfO lyof] . pxf“n] clxn] sf] ;/sf/sf] la?4df g] skf Pdfn] sf g] tfx? g} plePsfn] ca ;/sf/ km] g'{sf] ljsNk gePsf] bfaL ug'{eof] . …dfwj g] kfn / emngfy vgfnn] g} cf] nLsf] kfnf] ;lsof] eg] / eGg'ePsf] 5, xfdLn] dfq ca oxL ;/sf/ /xg'k5{ eg] / sxf“ x'G5 <Ú– pxf“n] eGg'eof] .

a+ufnsf] xfjfn] df};d cbnabn sf7df8f} +, @# h] 7 -/f;;_– a+ufnsf] vf8Laf6 cfPsf] hnjfiko'Qm xfjf / :yfgLo jfo'sf] kefjsf sf/0f abnL / jiff{ eO/x] sf] 5. pQm jfo'sf] kefjn] cfOtjf/ b] ze/ abnL x'g'sf ;fy} k"jL{, dWo / klZrd e] udf jiff{t\ ePsf] df} ;d k"jf{g'dfg dxfzfvfn] hgfPsf] 5 . b'a} jfo'sf] ;lDd>0fn] kfgL k/] sf] / of] k0ffnL s] xL lbg hf/L /xg] df} ;dljb\ zflGt s“8] nn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . csf{ df} ;dljb\ j?0f kf} 8] nn] lk–dg;'gsf] k"j{;GWofdf df} ;ddf s] xL v/faL cfPsfn] dg;'g l9nf] x'g] atfpg'eof] . g] kfndf

;fdfGotM h'g !) b] lv dg;'g z'? x'G5 . o; k6s a+ufnsf] vf8Ldf Go"grfkLo /] vf ;lqmo gePsfn] dg;'g s] xL l9nf] x'g] df} ;dlab\ kf} 8] nn] atfpg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ b] zsf] klZrdL e] udf klZrdL jfo'sf] kefj, dWo e] udf Go"grfkLo /] vfsf] ljsf; / k"jL{ e] udf a+ufnsf] vf8Laf6 cfPsf] hnjfiko'Qm xfjfsf] kefjsf sf/0f df} ;ddf v/faL cfPsf] / dWo / k"jL{ e] usf s] xL :yfgdf jiff{t\ eO/x] sf] 5 . dxfzfvfsf] kl5Nnf] ljj/0fcg';f/ ;a} eGbf a9L cf] vn9+ufdf !(=) / ;a} eGbf sd kf] v/fdf !=) lddL jiff{t\ ePsf] 5 . sf7df8f} + pkTosfdf laxfg xNsf jiff{t\ ePsf] lyof] .

xfdL g]kfnLx?df h'g;'s} If]qdf klg sfd u/]/ b]vfpg ;Sg] cj:yf 5 / ;kmn klg x'g ;lsG5 . gof“ kljlw / gof“ If]qx?df xfdL hfg}k5{ . d'VotM xfdLdf klta4tf, nugzLntf, cf“6 / ;fx; rfxG5 .

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ljZj kof{j/0f lbj;n] lbPsf] ;Gb]z jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf h'6f}+ g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+ 3 bfªn] ljZj jftfj/0f lbj;sf] cj;/df k"j{/fi6«klt 8f= /fdj/0f ofbjsf] pkl:yltdf bfªsf] jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e"ldsf ljifos cGtlqm{of sfo{q md cfof]hgf u/]/ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfonfO{ 3R3Rofpg] dxTjk"0f{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . bfªsf] jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu gbLhGo kbfy{sf] ca}w pTvgg\ /f]Sg / jgh+un hf]ufpg kqsf/ dxf;+3n] ljutb]lv g} ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . cfOtjf/ cfof]lht cGtlqm{ofTds sfo{qmd To;sf] lg/Gt/tf dfq geP/ ljlzi6 dxTj /fVg] sfo{ qmd xf] . ljz] iftM o:tf sfo{ qmd ;r]tgfdf dfq ;Lldt geP/ ;Dj4 lgsfo Pj+ gLlt lgdf{0ftxd} bafa lbgsf nflu k|efjsf/L x'g] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 . bfªsf] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug'{ eg]sf] bfª arfpg] cleofg xf] . of] cleofg e"uf]ndf dfq ;Lldt geP/ l;+uf] gful/ssf] hLjg;Fu hf]l8Psf] ljifo xf] . o:tf cleofgx?n] jftfj/0f arfpgsf nflu cfd gful/sx?nfO{ kl/rfng ug{ ;S5g\ . s'g} klg If]qsf] pGglt / ljsf;sf nflu ToxL+sf hgtf cufl8 ;g'{kg]{ ePsf]n] bfªsf] jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu bfªaf;L g} Psh'6 x'g ;Sg'k5{ . x/]s gful/sn] cfkm\gf] 3/cufl8, s/];faf/Ldf @÷$ j6f ?v /f]Kg ;S5g\, vfnL hldgdf a[If/f]k0f ug{ ;S5g\ . olt dfq} x'g ;Sof] eg] klg jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf gful/stxaf6 7"nf] 6]jf k'Ug]5 . ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv r'/] If]qdf jg ljgfz, gbLhGo kbfy{sf] ca}w Pj+ cj}1flgs pTvgg\ /f]lsPsf] 5}g . o; k|sf/sf] sfd r'/] If]qdf dfq ;Lldt 5}g . hyfefjL r'g9'+uf / sf]Onf pTvgg\n] pQ/tkm{sf] dxfef/t >[+vnfnfO{ ;d]t vf]qmf] agfO/x]sf] 5 . gLltut?kd} k|fs[lts ;Dkbf ;dfKt ug]{ sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . bfª lhNnfdf dfq} Ps bh{geGbf a9L l;d]G6 pBf]ux?nfO{ nfO;]G; lbOPsf] 5 . o;/L xr'jfsf] e/df l;d]G6 pBf]u :yfkgf ub}{ hfg] xf] eg] bfª d?e"lddf kl/0ft x'g Ps bzs klg nfUg]5}g . kqsf/ dxf;+3n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] cGtlqm{ofdf oL cfjfhx? p7]sf 5g\ . o;nfO{ ;Dj4 ;a} kIfn] uDeL/tfk"j{s lng h?/L 5 . bfªsf] jftfj/0f lalu|b} uPsf] 5 . vf]nfdf kfgL aUb}gg\, vf]nf au/h:t} b]lvG5g\ . u'xf/vf]nf / aaO{h:tf 7"nf vf]nfx?df ;d]t kfgL aUg 5f]l8;s]sf] 5 . hldgd'lgsf] kfgLsf] ;tx ulx/f] aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . vf]nfx?af6 9'+uf, lu§L, afn'jfnufotsf gbLhGo kbfy{x?sf] cTolws bf]xg ubf{ vf]nfx? ulxl/Psf 5g\ . vf]nfaf6 l;+rfO{sf nflu kfgL k'¥ofpg g;lsg] cj:yf l;h{ gf ePsf] 5 . o;af6 s]xL d'6\7Le/ JolQmx? df]6fP klg cfdhgtf kLl8t / k|tfl8t ag]sf 5g\ . gbLhGo kbfy{sf] cf];f/k;f/ / laqmL ljt/0fdf 7"nf] cfly{s rnv]n ePsf ;dfrf/ cfO/xG5g\ t/ ;Dj4 lgsfo sfgdf t]n xfn]/ a:5 of abdf;LnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ nfluk5{ . ca slDtdf klg cfp‘bf lbgx?df /fHo g} gePsf] h:tf] cg'e"lt cfdhgtfn] ug{ gk/f];\ . kqsf/ dxf;+ 3n] cfof] hgf u/] sf] cGtlqm{ ofn] bfªsf] jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e"ldsf lgM;Gb]x a9fPsf] 5 . t/ /fhgLlts ;+/If0fdf eO/x]sf abdf;Lx?nfO{ ;~rf/ If]qn] g} phfu/ ug{ grfx]sf] jf g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . ca ;fdflhs ;/f]sf/sf d'2fx?nfO{ ;~rf/ If]qn] cfkm\gf] ldzg agfpg h?/L 5 . xfdL ;a} To;tkm{ cufl8 a9f}+ . jftfj/0f ;+/If0f;DjGwL cGtlqm{ofsf] d"n dd{ klg oxL xf] .

s;n]s]eg]< sf+u];;lxtsf] ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ aGg] cj:yf cfof] eg] d of]ubfg ug{ tof/ 5' . t/ ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ gaGg] cj:yfdf ;/sf/ kl/jt{g dfq} ug{' eg]sf] cl:y/tf lgDTofpg] sfd xf] .

– s]kL zdf{ cf]nL -kwfgdGqL_ ;/sf/ kl/jt{gsf] v]neGbf klg clxn] b]zsf nflu ;a} zlQm Pstfa4 eP/ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .

– k'iksdn bfxfn kr08 -g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gbsf cWoIf_ s'g} klg lzIfs bnsf] ;b:o aGg kfpF5 of] p;sf] clwsf/ klg xf] . t/ bnsf] sfo{;ldltdf a:g kfpFb}g .

– lul//fhdl0f kf]v]n -lzIffdGqL_ of] 5 bzssf] pd]/df /x/ nfu]/ hgtfnfO{ em'Sofpg d}n] gofF zlQm vf]n]/ RofFv] yfk]sf] xf]Og . @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] cfjZostf k"/f ub}{ d'n'snfO{ 5f]6f] cjlwdf cfly{s ;d[l4tkm{ n}hfgsf nflu gofF zlQm kf6L{ vf]n]sf] x'F .

– 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{ -gofF zlQmsf ;+of]hs_

kTo]s ;fnem} of] ;fn % h'g cyf{t h]7 @# ut] ;+;f/el/ ljZjkof{j/0fLo lbj; w'dwfdn] dgfOof] . of] lbj; ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L tj/df dgfO‘b} cfO/x]sf] 5 . t}klg kb"if0f / ljgfz lgoGq0f ug{ sfg"gx? cw'/f 5g\ . ToxL cw'/f sfg"g klg nfu' x‘'b}gg\ . sfg"g ljsf;sf gfddf lgliqmo agfOG5 . olt dfq} xf]Og k};fsf] rnv]nn] kof{ j /0f ;DaGwL sfg" g nfO{ lgliqmo agfOG5g\ . t}klg kof{j/0fLo lbj; dgfOG5 . k};f vr{ ul/G5 . ;/sf/L tj/df dgfOg] lbj; 5'6\ofPsf] lbj; vr{sf] nflu dgfOPsf] xf] ls h:tf] b]lvb}5 . jf:tjdf of] lbj; dgfpg' eg]sf] hgr]tgf km}nfpg / o; ;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{ ;lqmo agfpgsf] nflu xf] . ;/sf/L Pj+ u} / ;/sf/Lsf ;fy} cfdhgtfn] kof{j/0f ;+/If0fdf of]ubfg lbg k|lta4tf hgfpgsf] nflu xf] . k|To]s ;fnsf] kof{j/0f lbj;df Pp6f gf/f to ul/G5 / Tof] gf/f k"/f ug{ ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf sfo{qmDfx? agfp‘b} hgtfdf hfu?stf Nofpg eg]/ g} gf/fx? to ul/Psf] x'G5 . h; cg';f/ of] jif{sf] gf/f Go Wild Forlife Zero Tolerance For Illegal Wildlife Trade to ul/Psf] 5 . cyf{t u}/sfg'gL ?kdf jGohGt'sf] lzsf/ Pj+ t:s/LnfO{ k"0f{?kdf aGb ug{ nfluk/f+} eGg] 5 . To;}n] k|To]s b]zsf ;/sf/x?n] jGohGt' cem To;df klg nf] kf]Gd'v / ;+s6df k/]sf jGohGt', hgfj/ / r/f, sL/fsf‘6Lsf] lbuf] ;+/If0f ug{ sfg"g lgdf{0f ub}{ ;+/If0fd'vL sfo{qmd / ah]6 5'6\ofpg eg]sf] 5 eg] hgtfnfO{ klg o;sf] dxTjaf/] hfgsf/L lbb} ;+/If0fd'vL sfddf nfUg k]/0ff lbg] xf] . oxL cGt/f{li6«o gf/fnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ g]kfnn] xfdf] hLjhGt', xfdf] jftfj/0f jg ;+/If0f u/f}+ nufO{ ;Dk"0f{ tg, dg, wg eg]/ to u/]sf] 5 . t/ o; d'tfljs ;+/If0fsf] nflu ah]6 5'6\ofp‘b}g . 5'6\ofP klg ;DalGwt sfof{nox?n] :6fk ldl6ª jf ;fgf]ltgf] sfo{ qmd u/] / l;Wofp‘5g\ . ;+ /If0fd' vL sfddf nufp‘b}gg\ eg] ;/sf/n] of] lbj; dgfpg's f] cf} l rTo g} 5} g . xfdLsxf‘ cf} k rfl/stf dfq lgjf{ x ug{ ] rngn] jGohGt' sf] g ;+ /If0f x'G 5 g t rf]/L lzsf/L g} lgoGq0f x'g;S5 . To;}n] o;

h}ljs ljljwtfsf]dxTj cfgdhgtfnfO{ a'emfpg ;lsof]eg]dfq clxn]sf]gf/fnfO{ k" / f ug{ ;xof] u k' ¥ ofpg] 5 . clxn] s f] gf/fsf];f/ xf]jGohGt'sf] lbuf] ;+/If0f / rf]/ L t:s/LnfO{ z"Godf emfg{ ' . o;sf] lglDt ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?aLr ;xsfo{ ub}{ cufl8 a9\g'kb{5 .

hLjg / hut sfo{nfO{ cfkm\g} hLjg;‘u hf]8]/ sfd ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . bfªsf] ;Gbe{df ;+/If0fsf] ;"rLdf k/]sf / nf]kf]Gd'v x‘'b} uPsf sfnf] u?8 / lu4sf s]xL khflt 5g\ eg] af‘s] /fli6«o lgs'~hdf af3, u+}8f . af‘s] /fli6«o lgs'~hn] bfªsf] s]xL efu ;d]6]sf] 5 . o:t}u/L x'lrnsf s]xL k|hflt klg sd x'‘b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . ;+s6df k/]sf] ;f/; klg df]tLk'/df Ps hf]8L e]l6Psf] lyof] . lu4 ;+/If0f r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf b]vf kb}{5 . cGt/f{li6«o bft[ lgsfon] lu4 /]i6'/]06sf] Joj:yfkg vr{ s6f}tL ul/;s]sf 5g\ . cyf{t /]i6'/]06;DaGwL sfo{qmd km]hcfp6 eO;s]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L lgsfo df}g 5 . ;/sf/L tj/df /]i6'/]06 Joj:yfkgdf vr{ lbO‘b}g . clg of] lbj; ;/sf/L tj/df dgfpg'sf] s] cf}lrTo eof] / < dgfpgsf] nflu dgfpg' eg]sf] cf}krfl/stf lgjf{x ug{' dfq xf] . o;n] ;+/If0fsf] sfd x'g ;Sb}g . kof{j/0f ;+/If0fdf hLjhGt'sf] slt dxTj /x]5 eGg] s'/f g]kfnn] to u/]sf] gf/fn] b]vfO/x]sf] 5 . kof{j/0f kb"if0f / ljgfzd'vL sfo{ /f]Sg'kb{5 jf sd ub}{ hfg'kb{5 . hLjhGt' arfpg jg rflxG5 . jg eg]sf] sfa{g a}+s xf] eg] clS;hgsf] ;|f]t klg xf] . ;a}sf] ;DaGw Ps csf{;‘u hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . xf], /fd|f] jftfj/0f :jR5 agfpg jg / jGohGt'sf] ;+/If0f ug'{kg]{ cToGt cfjZos eO;s]s f] 5 . h}l js ljljwtfsf] dxTj cfdhgtfdf k'¥ ofpg' cToGt cfjZos 5 . ;[li6rqm kfl/l:yltsLo

ug]{ nfossf eP oxL :tDedfkm{t cfd kf7s;fd' k|:t't ug]{ g} 5' . k|yd /fi6«kltsf] kfnfdf r'/] ;+/If0f sfo{qmd z'? ePsf]n] /fdj/0f ofbjnfO{ bfª Nofpg] eg]/ elgPsf] xf] . To;}n] /fi6«kltnfO{ jftfj/0f lbj;sf cj;/df bfª Nofpg' /fd|f] kIf xf] . jftfj/0f lbj;df NofP/ gf/fnfO{ bfªdf s;/L nfu' ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ cjZo klg sfo{kqx? cfpg]5g\ . cGoyf /fhgLlts :jfy{ xf] ls eg]/ eGg'kg]{ cj:yf cfpg]5 . kof{j/0f h:tf] dxTjk"0f{ / ;+j]bgzLn ljifonfO{ xNsf9+un] lnP/ cfkm" slyt 7"nf] aGg vf]Hg' jf s;}sf] ;/x k'Ug] dfWod agfpg'h:tf]  l8NnLaxfb' / /fjt a]7Ls sfd c? s]xL x‘'b}g . xfdLn] @)&# h]7 @# ut] kof{j/0f k0ffnLdf l6s]sf] x'G5 eGg] s'/f cfdhgtfnfO{ lbj; dgfO/x‘bf gf/fnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ a'emfpg'kb{5 . clg dfq clxn]sf] gf/fnfO{ slQsf] nfluk5f{}+ To;}df o;sf] ;kmntf d"t{?k lbg ;lsg]5 / ljZj kof{j/0f lbj; lge{/ ub{5 . xf]Og eg] k"j{/fi6«kltnfO{ k|d'v dgfPsf] ;fy{stf x'g]5 . x'g t of] n]v @@ cltlysf] ?kdf Nofp‘b}df s]xL x'g]jfnf ut] ksfzg ug'{kg]{ xf] t/ ;f]djf/ @$ ut] 5}g . clxn]sf] h:t} /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o k/]sfn] @# ut] k|];df k7fpg'kb{5 . of] n]v gf/fn] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fdf hf]8 lbg] k7fO/x‘bf bfªdf klg ljZj jftfj/0f lbj; eG5 . To;}n] k|s[ltsf] lgMz'Ns s'rLsf/ lu4 dgfO/x]sf 5f+} . t/ s;/L dgfOof] eg]/ n]Vg hf] nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ ltgsf] lbuf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ;lsPg . kqsf/ dxf;+3 / lhlj;n] of] ;fnsf] lhNNff jg sfof{no / lhNnf kz' ;]jf ljZj kof{j/0fLo lbj;sf cj;/df k"j{/fi6«klt sfof{non] /sd ljlgof]lht u5{g\ ls ub}{gg\ /fdj/0f ofbjnfO{ Nofpg] eg]/ lhlj;df x]g{ af‘sL 5 . o:t}u/L rl/ª\u] tfndf /x]sf] ;/sf/L sfof{no / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] a}7s g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;+/lIft ;"rLdf k/]sf] sfnf] a;]sf] lyof] . pQm a}7sdf d klg ;xefuL u?8 ;+/If0fdf sfo{qmd agfp‘5g\ ls ePsf] lyP‘ . pQm cj;/df Pp6f sfo{kq agfp‘b}gg\ x]g{ af‘sL 5 . sfd s]xL gug]{ ;DejtM :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L /d]z uf}td dgfpgsf] nflu nfvf}+ ?k}of vr{ u/]/ / csf]{ d=j= SofDk;sf e"uf]n ljifosf dgfpg' s f] cf} l rTo s] x L 5} g . h} l js k|f Wofksn] n]Vg] 5g\ . x]/ f+} sfo{k qn] bfª ljljwtfsf] dxTj cfdhgtfdf k'¥ ofpg pkTosf r'/]n] ag]sf] xf] ls dxfef/t / r'/]n] Jofks?kdf hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx? ag]sf] xf] eg]/ Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . o:t}u/L ;DalGwt ;/sf/L sfof{non] agfp‘5g\ ls oxf‘sf] ;du kof{j/0fsf] af/]df / clxn]sf] agfp‘b}gg\ x]g{ aF‘sL 5 . h}ljs ljljwtfsf] lbj;sf] gf/fsf] dd{nfO{ slt ;d]6\g] 5 / dxTj cfgdhgtfnfO{ a'emfpg ;lsof] eg] bfªsf] ;du kof{j/0fsf] ;d:of r'gf}tL / dfq clxn]sf] gf/fnfO{ k"/f ug{ ;xof]u ;dfwfgnfO{ s;/L pNn] v ub{ 5 g\ / k' ¥ ofpg] 5 . clxn]s f] gf/fsf] ;f/ xf] l6Kk0fLstf{n] s;/L l6Kk0fL u5{g\ x]g'{ 5 . nueu jGohGt'sf] lbuf] ;+/If0f / rf]/L t:s/LnfO{ tLg nfv vr{ ug]{ to ePsf] 5 . o;sf] z"Godf emfg{' . o;sf] lglDt ;/sf/L / lglDt lhlj;, gu/kflnsf, jg, e";+/If0f, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?aLr ;xsfo{ ub}{ cufl8 vfg]kfgL / s]xL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] nufgL a9\g'kb{5 . oxL g} kof{j/0f lbj;n] lbPsf] nufpg] 5g\ . pknlAw s] eGg] s'/f sfo{kq / ;Gb]z xf] . lbj;nfO{ k"/f ug{ dfq gagfO{ l6Kk0fLn] b]vfpg]5 . pQm sfo{kqx? l6Kk0fL Jojxf/df nfu' ug{ k|0f u/f}+ .

bfªsf] ef}uf]lns agfj6, kfs[lts jftfj/0f / jftfj/0fsf] jt{dfg cj:yf e"ldsf M ef}uf]lns agfj6 tyf xfjfkfgLsf] Pp6f lglZrt kfs[lts cj:yf h;df dfgj, cGo hLj tyf jg:klt ljBdfg 5g\, nfO{ kfs[lts jftfj/0f elgG5 . g] k fnsf] ef} u f] l ns ljljwtfn] oxf‘sf] jftfj/0fnfO{ Pp6f vf; :j?k lbPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] s'g} klg efusf] kfs[lts jftfj/0f cWoog ubf{ w/ftn;‘u cnu u/]/ x]g{ ;lsb}g . g]kfnsf] kxf8L w/ftn, o;n] l;h{gf u/]sf] ljljw xfjfkfgL / hnkjfx k0ffnL oxf‘sf] jftfj/0fsf cfwf/e"t tTjx? x'g\ . oxf‘ x'g] dg;'gL jiff{sf] :jefjnfO{ klg jftfj/0faf6 cnu /fv]/ x]g{ ldNb}g -Shrestha, 1999_ . w/ftn, xfjfkfgL / kfs[lts jg:kltsf] k[i7e"lddf bfªsf] kfs[ l ts ;fwgx?sf] kof] u / Joj:yfkg lgwf{/0f ul/g'kb{5 . bfª lhNnfsf] kfs[lts jftfj/0fsf] s'/f ubf{ oxf‘sf] ef}uf]lns jgfj6, xfjfkfgL / jg:kltsf] cj:yf / kfs[lts ;fwgx?sf] kof]u ubf{ pk/f]Qm tTjx?df kg]{ c;/nfO{ a'em\g'kb{5 . ks[lt cfkm}n] klg jftfj/0fnfO{ s]xL dfqfdf kl/jt{ g ub}{ nu] sf] x' G5 . t/ kfs[lts?kn] jftfj/0f xf; x'g] s'/f la:tf/} x' G5 / o;sf c;/x? nfdf] ;dokl5 b]lvG5 . jftfj/0fsf] x|f; vf;u/L dflg;sf lqmofsnfkx?n] ubf{ tLa?kdf ePsf] s'/fdf b'O{dt 5}g . cfkm\gf cfjZostfx? k"/f ug]{, hLjgnfO{ ;'vL agfpg] / d'gfkmf sdfpg] kof;cg' ? k ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx?n] kfs[lts ;fwgx?sf] clwstd kof]u x'g uO{ kfs[lts jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds c;/x? kl//x]sf 5g\ . k|f s[lts ;|f ]t;fwgx?sf] kof]usf] jt{dfg b/ sfod /x]df ljBdfg ljsf; lbuf] gx'g] dfq xf]Og dflg;n] ef]u ul//x]sf ;'ljwf klg l6sfp gx'g] nIf0fx? b]vf kl/;s]sf 5g\ . s'g} klg 7fp‘sf] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fsf] s'/f ubf{ Toxf‘sf] w/ftn, xfjfkfgL, hnkjfx tyf jg:kltsf] cj:yf cWoog ug'{ cfjZos 5 . bfªsf] ef}uf]lns l:ylt M dWoklZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf] /fKtL c~rnsf] blIf0f efudf kg]{ bfª lhNnf d'VotM leqL dw]z xf] . blIf0fsf] b]pv'/L pkTosf / pQ/sf] bfª pkTosf / r'/] kxf8 o; lhNnfsf k|d'v efux? x'g\ . sf7df8f}+af6 rf/ ;o !) lsld blIf0f klZrddf cjl:yt of] lhNnf *@)@Ú b]lv *@)%$Ú k"jL{ b]zfGt/;Dd / @&)#^Ú pQ/L cIff+zb]lv @*)@(Ú pQ/L cIff+;sf] aLrdf km}lnPsf] 5 . o; lhNnfsf] If]qkmn @(%% ju{ lsld 5 -DDC, Dang 2010_ . o;sf] blIf0fdf ef/tsf] pQ/ kb]z, pQ/df /fKtL c~rnsf] Ko'7fg, /f]Nkf / ;Nofg lhNnfx?, klZrddf ;Nofg / af‘s] lhNnfx?, k"jL{ l;dfgfdf Ko'7fg, c3f{vf‘rL tyf slknj:t' lhNnfx? kb{5g\ . bfª pkTosfsf] pQ/df dxfef/t kj{t / blIf0fdf r'/] kj{tsf] aLrdf /x]sf] 5 eg] b] p v' / L pkTosfnfO{ rf/} l t/ r' / ] kxf8x?n] 3]/]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfsf] prfO @!# ld6/ -dfgk'/, l;;xlgof uflj;_ b]lv @)%* ld= -cv{n], xf‘;Lk'/ uflj;_ ;Dd /x]sf] dfkg ul/Psf] 5 . o; lhNnfsf] cf};t nDafO{ -k"j{–klZrd () lsld 5 eg] cf};t rf}8fO -pQ/–blIf0f_ &@ lsld 5 -DDC, Dang 2010_ . o; lhNnfsf] b'O{ ltxfO If]q -!(@(=%% ju{ lsld_ jgh+unn] 9fs]sf] 5 eg] s[lif If]q, cg'Tkflbt If]q / r/0f If]q qmdzM ^((=% ju{ lsld, @)$=$% ju{lsld / !@(=%

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kft' cflb vf]nfx? blIf0f aUb} aaO{;‘u ldl;P/ aU5g\ . aaO{ bfªsf] klZrddf ;Nofgaf6 cfpg] zf/bf gbL;‘u ldl;P/ klZrd aUb} af‘s] tyf alb{of lhNnf x'‘b} blIf0f aU5 . b]pv'/L pkTosfsf] k"j{pQ/ efn'afªb]lv b]pv'/L kj]z u/]kl5 /fKtL gbL klZrd aUb} af‘s] a f6 ef/t k| j ] z ub{ 5 . Ko' 7 fgsf] dxfef/taf6 pTklQ ePsf] lemd?s / /f]Nkfdf pTklQ ePsf] df8L gbL ldl;P/ /fKtL gbL ag]sf] 5 . o;sf] 7"nf] Sofrd]G6 If]q ePsf]n] o;sf b'a} gbLx? jiff{ Ct'df lgs} 7"nf b]lvG5g\ t/ ;'Vvf df};ddf o; gbLdf kfgLsf] dfqf sd} /xG5 . b]pv'/Lsf] r'/] If]qaf6 pTklQ x'g] vf]nfx? klg /fKtLdf ;d]l6G5g\ . xfjfkfgL g]k fn k" 0f{ ?kn] ;dlztf] i0f d08n -Temperate Zone_ df kb{5 . t/ prfOdf ljljwtf ePsf] x'gfn] xfjfkfgL Ps}gf;sf] 5}g . bfª lhNnf d'Vo?kn] xf]r f] e"–efu ePsf] n] oxf‘sf] xfjfkfgL cGo t/fO{ sf efuh:t} cw{pi0f -Subtropical_ k|sf/sf] 5 . ;fdfGo?kn] xf]r f] d}bfgL efu / r'/]df cw{pi0f / dxfef/t kj{tdf ;dlztf]i0f k|sf/sf] xfjfkfgL kfOG5 . oxf‘ u[idsf] cf}ift tfkqmd @&)C / dxfef/t kj{tdf s/La @))C ePsf] b]lvG5 . lxp‘bdf xf]rf efux?sf] cf}ift tfkqmd !@–!%)C / cUnf efux?df !))C eGbf sd x'G5 . jiff{ d'Vo?kn] udL{ Ct'df dg;'g jfo'af6 x'G5 . udL{df cf}ift jiff{ !%) ;]dL / lxp‘bdf klZrdL jfo'åf/f a9Ldf @% ;]ld;Dd jiff{ x'G5 . u[idsf] jiff{ 5f]6f] cjlwdf w]/} x'g] ePsfn] e"Ifo, klx/f] / af9Lsf] sf/0f x'g;S5 . jg:klt xfjfkfgLsf] ljljwtf jg:kltdf klg emNsG5 . bfª lhNnfdf d'Vo?kn] cwf]{i0f xfjfkfgLdf kfOg] ?vx?sf] jg:klt kfOG5 . oxf‘sf] h+undf ;fn, ;fh tyf l;;f}h:tf ?vx?sf] k|wfgtf /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} l;dn, c;gf, vo/, af‘;h:tf cGo hftsf ?vx? kfOG5g\ . dxfef/t kj{ tdf cf] s , jr{ , lrnfpg], s6';, ;Nnf, af‘; hfltsf ?vx? kfOG5g\ . lhNnf jg sfof{ n o bfªsf] tYof+ scg' ; f/ bfªsf] @,(%,%)) x] S 6/ hldgdWo] !,(@,!%% x]S6/ hldg h+unn] 9flsPsf] 5 . of] s"n If]qkmnsf] s/La ^% k|ltzt x'g cfp‘5 . of] h+un If]qdWo] 7"nf] efu gof‘ ?vx?sf] h+un 5 . u'0f:t/sf] lx;fan] oxf‘sf] h+un lgDgb]lv dWodvfnsf] dfGg ;lsG5 . vf;u/L ?vx?sf] 3gTj / qmfpgse/sf] b[li6n] x]bf{ h+un If]qsf] w]/} efudf ?vx?sf] ;+Vof lgs} kftnf] 5 . kmn:j?k jiff{df kfgLnfO{ /f]Sg] / hldgnfO{ e"–Ifoaf6 arfpg] Ifdtf sd /x]sf] ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . bfªsf] kfs[lts jftfj/0fdf b]vfk/]sf ;d:ofx?

-!_ e"–Ifo, af9Lklx/f] tyf gbL s6fg M kxf8L e"–efu, nfdf] ;'Vvf ;do, ;do– ;dodf x'g] d';nwf/] jiff{sf] sf/0f e"–Ifo, klx/f], af9L tyf gbL s6fg g]kfnsf] e"– w/ftnsf ljz]iftf g} x'g\ . Pp6f cg'dfg cg';f/ g]kfndf kltjif{ kltju{ lsld cf}ift s/La b'O{ xhf/ So'ljs ld6/ df6f]sf] IfoLs/0f eP/ uO/x] s f] 5 - Seddon 1987 _ . t/ IfoLs/0fsf] dfqf hldgsf] le/fnf]kgf, r§fgsf] ksf/, jiff{sf] :jefj tyf kl/0ffd tyf k|fs[lts jg:kltsf] cj:yfdf e/ kb{5 . 3gf h+un / afSnf] qmfpg se/ ePsf] 7fp‘df

 k|f=8f= w/0fLs'd f/ zdf{ e"–Ifo, klx/f] tyf af9Lsf] ;Defjgf sd /xG5 . bfª lhNnfsf] em08} b'O{ ltxfO efu h+unn] 9flsPsf] eP tfklg ?vx? kftnf] / qmfpgse/ sd ePsf]n] jiff{ df};d;‘u IfoLs/0f, klx/f] / af9Lsf] cj:yf b]vf kb{5 . vf]nf tyf gbLx?df kfgLsf] axfj Discharge_ a9\5 / kfgLdf df6f] tyf 9'ª\ufx?sf] dfqf lgs} a9L x'G5 . le/fnf] tyf sdhf]/ r§fgsf] w/ftnnfO{ jiff{sf] kfgLaf6 hf]ufpgdf h+un g} ;aeGbf a9L k| efjsf/L dflgG5 . jiff{ sf] kfgL s'n];fx? -Gullies_ agfP/ aUbf IfoLs/0f tLa| x'G5 . vf;u/L r'/] If]qsf] r§fg lgs} sdhf]/ ePsf]n] o; If]qdf jiff{ Ct'df x'g] IfoLs/0f cToGt Jofks 5 -Seddon 1987_ . w]/} jftfj/0fljb\x?n] g]kfnnfO{ ;+;f/sf] clwstd df6f]sf] IfoLs/0f x'g] b]zsf] ?kdf pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 . le/fnf] tyf sdhf]/ r§fgsf] If]qdf v]tL ubf{ IfoLs/0f tLa x'g] s'/f atfOG5 . pj{/ df6f] au]/ hfg] x'‘bf kTo]s jif{ ls;fgx? tNnf] txsf] sd pAhfp df6f]df v]tL ug{ afWo 5g\ . h;n] ubf{ hnkjfx / hnfwf/ If]q df ;d]t kl/jt{g x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf 5g\ .

9'+uf, afn'jf tyf lu§Lsf] a9\bf] kof]u hg;+Vof a[l4, zx/Ls/0f tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;;‘u} gbL tyf vf]nfx?af6 9'+uf, afn'jf tyf lu§L lgsfNg] qmd tLa?kn] al9/x]sf] 5 . oL lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx? lgsfNbf gbL tyf vf] n fsf] ;tx ulx/f] x' ‘ b} hfG5 . kl/0ffd:j?k gbLsf] d'xfgtkm{sf] efudf klg ulx/fO -Downward cutting_ a9\b} hfG5 . l;4fGttM jiff{sf] kfgL tyf gbLn] cfkm\g f] hnfwf/ If]qnfO{ IfoLs/0f ub}{ sfnfGt/df ;d'bL ;tx;Dd k'¥ofp‘5 / kfs[lts jftfj/0f tyf kof{j/0fnfO{ k"/} kl/jt{g ub{5 . of] lgs} dGb ultdf x'g] klqmof eP klg gbLsf] tNnf] txnfO{ lgdf{0f ;fduL bf]xgn] ulx/fp‘b} nUbf IfoLs/0fsf] klqmof tLa x'G5 / gbL s6fg a9\5 / k|fs[lts jftfj/0f l56f] kl/jt{g x'G5 . of] klqmof bfªsf vf]nfx?sf ;fy} r'/] If]qsf vx/]x?df tLa ePsf] s'/f jif]{lg lgsfNg] lgdf{0f ;fduL / Toxf‘ x'g] lgIf]kaf6 ;xh} cg'dfg x'G5 .

-@_ kfgLsf ;f]tx? ;'Sb} / af9Lsf] hf]lvd a9\b} jiff{sf] kfgL hldgleq kj]z u/]/ g} d"nx?, vf]nfx? / s'jfx?df kfgL pknAw x'g] xf] . bfªdf kfgLsf d"nx? / e"ldut kfgL ;'Sb} uPsf] s'/f pkef]Qmfx?, s[ifsx? / vfg]kfgL sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx?n] cg'ej u/]sf] s'/f :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 . kfgLsf ;f]tx? jiff{sf] kl/df0f, jiff{sf] -afFsL % k]hdf_

CMYK

#

@)&# ;fn h]7 @$ ut] ;f]djf/

(Jun 6, 2016)

www.nayayougbodh.com/E-mail: yougbodh@gmail.com

;dfrf/

t]xa'“b] bfª 3f]if0ffkq hf/L o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf

jftfj/0f lbj;df lzIfs ;+u7gsf] u9jf ahf/ ;/;kmfO cWoIfdf bfxfn

q lzj/fh kGyL

u9jf, @# h] 7 . ljZj jftfj/0f lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df u9jf ahf/df ;/;kmfO ul/Psf] 5 . z'etf/f af] l8{ª :s"n u9jfsf] cfof] hgfdf ljBfyL{, pBf] uL, Joj;foL, jftfj/0fk] dL, ;'/ Iff lgsfo / lzIfsx?n] laxfg xftxftdf s'rf] lnP/ ahf/df ;/;kmfO u/] sf x'g\ . ahf/ ;/;kmfOkl5 u9jf :jf:Yo rf} sL / sf] l6ofdfO{ dlGb/ kl/;/df a[If/f] k0f ul/Psf] lyof] . jg tyf jftfj/0f ;+/ If0f ;dGjo ;ldlt u9jf, ;] G; g] kfn / uLg o'ykmf;{ g] kfnsf] ;xof] udf z'etf/f Osf] Snan] o;cl3 lgdflj:t/Lo xflh/Lhjfkm kltof] lutf u/] sf] lyof] . cfOtjf/ u9jfl:yt ljleGg ljBfnosf lzIfs ljBfyL{ ;xefuL ePsf] ¥ofnLkZrft\ z'etf/f af] l8{ª :s"ndf ;ef cfof] hgf ul/Psf]

lyof] .

Osf] Snasf cWoIf k"hf ofbjsf] cWoIftf / bfªsf ljBfno lg/LIfs a] ud s] ;Lsf] kd'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf jg jftfj/0f ;+: yfsf cWoIf pdfsfGt kGt, ;] G; g] kfnsf s] GbLo sf] iffWoIf af;'b] j kf08] o, uLg o'y g] kfnsf lr/~hLjL vgfn, g] kfnL sf+u] ; u9jf OsfO{ pk;efklt s[i0f/fh kf08] o, Pdfn] u9jfsf cWoIf /fdk;fb u} / ] , dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf /d] z Go} Fkfg] , z'etf/f af] l8{ªsf cWoIf n] vaxfb'/ yfkf, ljBfnosf lklG;kn ljsf; /hf} / ] nufotn] af] Ng'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng lzIfs lxdf] 9 kxf8Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

To;} u/L /fKtL kfl/sf] /fKtL ;fpbg{ af] l8{ª :s"n u+ufk/:k'/ tyf ljleGg ljBfnon] ljZj jftfj/0f lbj; dgfPsf] va/ kfKt ePsf] 5 .

jftfj/0f lbj;df a[If/f]k0f 3f] / fxL, @# h] 7 -o';_– ljZj jftfj/0f lbj;sf] cj;/df 3f] / fxLsf] ;fgL cDafk'/ d'gf6f] ndf a[If/f] k0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;f+;b clgtf b] jsf] 6fsf] pkl:yltdf 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yf / :jR5 g] kfn ;+: yfn] a[If/f] k0f u/] sf x'g\ . czf] s, w'kL / gLdsf la?jf /f] lkPsf] :jR5 g] kfnsf cWoIf ;'zLnf kf} 8] nn] hfgsf/L

lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yfn] ;+/ If0f u/] sf] hldgdf a[If/f] kg ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;xof] udf s/Lj Ps ;o a9L lj?jf /f] lkPsf] xf] . 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yfsf cWoIf x'd{t 3tL{sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng :jR5 g] kfnsf ;lrj laGb' s'“j/n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

/fxbfgL x/fPsf] ;"rgf † d]/f] lgDg Joxf]/fsf] /fxbfgL ldlt @)&# a}zfv !* ut] ndxLaf6 3f]/fxLtkm{ hf“Fb} ubf{ x/fPsf] x'“Fbf km]nf kfg'{x'g] dxfg'efjn] glhssf] kx/L sfof{no jf lgDg 7]ufgfdf ;Dks{ ul/lbg'xf]nf . gfd M c/ljGb rf}w/L /fxbfgL g+= M $^%!&)* 7] ufgf M r}nfxL uf=lj=;=–#, bfª ;Dks{ g+= M (*)(&^^@#^

q dlgif v8\sf ?s'd, @# h] 7 . g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gblgs6 PsLs[t clvn g] kfn lzIfs ;+u7g ?s'dsf] !) cf} + lhNnf ;Dd] ng gof“ g] t[Tj rog ub} { cfOtjf/ ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . cfOtjf/ d';Lsf] 6 vn+uf ax'd'vL SofDk;df rn] sf] aGb;qaf6 z] / jL/ bfxfnsf] cWoIftfdf cf7hgf kl5 dgf] gLt ug] { u/L $! ;b:oLo gof“ lhNnf ;ldlt agfOPsf] ;b/d'sfd vn+ufdf kqsf/ ;Dd] ng u/L hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 . sfo{;ldltsf] pkfWoIfdf zzL/fd ljs / df] xgs'df/ /f] sf, ;lrj l8NnLaxfb'/ dNn, ;x;lrj Clifs] z cfrfo{ / cd/ rGb tyf sf] iffWoIfdf eLdaxfb'/ cf] nL /xg'ePsf] 5 . kqsf/ ;Dd] ngdf af] Nb} gjlgjf{lrt cWoIf z] / jL/ bfxfnn] ;+u7gn] lhNnfsf] z} lIfs cfGbf] ngdf cu0fL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug] { atfpg'eof] .

To:t} lhNnf lzIff sfof{nonufot lzIff ;Da4 lgsfodf x'g] clgoldtfdf va/bf/L ug] {, lhNnfdf 7"nf] z} lIfs ;d:of ag] sf] lzIfs b/aGbL ldnfgdf ;xof] u ug] { tyf cGo lzIfs ;+3;+u7gx?;‘“u ;xsfo{ ub} { cufl8 a9\g] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . vn+ufsf] lzlz/ a;Gt Eo"df ul/Psf] kqsf/ ;Dd] ngdf PsLs[t clvn g] kfn lzIfs ;+u7gsf s] GbLo ;b:o tyf lgjt{dfg lhNnf cWoIf u0f] zk;fb l/hfn, lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf lgjt{dfg kbflwsf/L tyf gjlgjf{lrt kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox?sf] pkl:ylt lyof] . ;Dd] ngsf] ;~rfng gjlgjf{lrt ;lrj l8NnLaxfb'/ dNnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . …/fli6«o :jfwLgtf / gof“ ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjogdf xfdf] cleofg, 6«] 8 o'lgog clwsf/, z} lIfs ljsf; / ;+3Lo lzIff gLltsf kIfdf Pstfsf] !) cf} + lhNnf ;Dd] ngÚ eGg] gf/fsf ;Dd] ng ;DkGg ePsf] xf] .

To;}n] w'dkfg / ;'tL{ ;]jg gu/f}+ :j:y hLjg ofkg u/f}+

cfhsf] /fzLkmn g]kfn Hof]ltif kl/ifb\ @)&#.)@.@$ ut] ;f]djf/ h]i7 z'Sn kIf, ltly kltkbf, gIfq d[ulz/f cfh bfªsf] ;"of]{bo )%M@%M)$, ;"of{:t )&M!!M)$

lhNnf zfvf, bfª Hof] = e'jg]Zj/ a~hf8] df]afOn M (*$&*$!@%!

d]if -r",r] ,rf] ,nf,nL,n",n] ,nf],c_ M s'g} gof“ ksf/sf] sfdaf6 wg nfe x'g]5 . cfkm"n] q'l6 gug'{xf];\ cj;/ u'Dg ;S5 . ;fyLefOaf6 ;xof]u ldNg]5 .

t'nf -/f,/L,?,/] ,/f] ,tf,tL,t",t] _ M wd{, ;+:sf/ Pj+ k/f]ksf/hGo lqmofsnfkaf6 klti7f a9\g ;Sg]5 . d+undo s[To ofqf tLy{ s[ltsf cj;/ cfpnf .

j[if -O{,pm,P,cf],jf,lj,j",j],jf]_ M 7Ls} ;dodf 7Ls} lg0f{o lng ;lsg]5 . cj;/ ldNg]5 . s'g} cj;/ km'lTsg klg ;Sg]5 . ;r]ttf ckgfpg';\ .

j[lZrs -tf] ,gf,gL,g",g] ,gf] ,of,oL,o"_ M :jf:Yodf sdhf]/L cg'e"lt x'g ;Sg]5 . ;fgfltgf ;d:ofx?sf sf/0f lbgrof{ klts'n /xg ;Sg]5 .

ldy'g -sf,sL,s",3,ª,5,s] ,sf],x_ M ljlzi6 JolQmx?;“u e]63f6, kfl/jfl/s hd36 / cfTdljZjf; Pj+ kltli7t sfo{ cj;/sf] ;fy} dL7f] /fdf] vfg kfOg]5 .

wg' -o] ,of] ,ef,eL,e",w,kmf,9f,e] _ M tkfO“sf k]d / ldqtfsf If]qdf cem ;'dw'/tf cfpg]5 . bfDkTo ;'v /fdf] /xg]5 . cfh{g klg /fdf] /xg]5 .

ss{6 -xL,x",x] ,xf] ,8f,8L,8",8] ,8f] _ M r'gf}lt kR5fp“b} /f]lsPsf sfd agfpg ;lsg]5 . vr{ / Joo a9L /xg] 5 . l5d]sL;“u ;dembf/L 36\g ;S5 . ofqf ;Dej 5 .

ds/ -ef] ,hf,hL,h",h] ,hf] ,vf,vL,v",v] ,vf] ,uf,uL_ M /f]lsPsf sfdx? / kltikwf{df ;kmntf kfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . pT;fx / cfly{s nfe kfKt x'g]5 .

l;+x -df,dL,d",d] ,df] ,6f,6L,6",6] _ M tkfO“sf] k'/fgf] /sd xft nfUg ;Sg]5 . t/ cfDbfgL / ;l~rt /sd ;d]t vr{ ug'{kg]{ x'g ;S5 . 7"nf] vf“rf] 7fg{ ;lsg]5 .

s'De -u",u] ,uf] ,;,;L,;',;] ,;f] ,b_ M k9fO{ n]vfO{ / af}l4s kltikwf{df ;kmntf ldNg]5 . ;Gtfg / cg'ofoLaf6 ;Gt'i6 /xg ;Sg'x'g]5 .

sGof -6f] ,k,kL,k",if,0f,7,k] ,kf] _ M tkfO“nfO{ kltli7t sfo{ cj;/ cfpnf . c?nfO{ kefljt kf/]/ sfd ug{ ;lsPnf . klti7f / ;Ddfg Pj+ sfo{df bjfj cfpnf .

dLg -bL,b",y,em,~f,b] ,bf] ,rf,rL_ M :yfoL ;DklQ hf]8\g ;lsg]5 . gof“ sfddf xft xfNg ;do pko'Qm /xg]5 . aGw'afGwj / kl/jf/hg;“u cfTdLo efj a9\g]5 .

* gd:t] † z'e ljxfgL oxf“x? ;a}sf] lbgrof{ ;'vb\ /xf];\ . * dgn] sfdsf nflu cfTdfaf6 :jLs[lt lnG5 .

CMYK

lgj[Q lzIfs ;dfhsf] kl/ifb\ a}7s gdlsg agfpg] tflnd ;DkGg o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf 3f] / fxL, @# h] 7 . g] kfn lgj[Q lzIfs ;dfh bfªsf] lhNnf kl/ifb a} 7s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;dfhsf cWoIf nfndl0f kGtsf] cWoIftf tyf s] GbLo pkfWoIf o1axfb'/ l;+x cf] nLsf] kd'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf ;lrj s[i0fk;fb nD;fnn] kult tyf sf] iffWoIf xl/ ;'j] bLn] cfly{s kltj] bg k:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;+: yfdf dxTjk"0f{ of] ubfg k'¥ofPsf] eGb} u] x] Gb r"8fdl0f /hf} / ] ,

;] js/fd cfrfo{ / ld6\7"k;fb >] i7nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df lzIfs dxf;+3sf df] xg cf] nL, lzIfs ;+3sL b] jf kf} 8] n, lzIfs kl/ifb\sf /fhs'df/ yfkf, df] xg clwsf/L, ;+: yfks pkfWoIf ;] g/fh zfx, lul//fh zdf{, gj/fh /hf} / ] , u] x] Gb r"8fdl0f /hf} / ] , z+s/ lbj; dhu} of“, lji0f'k;fb zdf{ clwsf/L, ;+: yfks cWoIf lji0f'k;fb zdf{ l3ld/] nufotn] af] Ng'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf cfhLjg ;b:ox?nfO{ kdf0fkq ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no >L hghfu[lt df=lj=sf] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg;DaGwL ;"rgf † ;Nofgsf] cg'/f]w w'dkfg tyf ;'tL{ ;]jg ug]{x?df bL3{sfndf kfOg] d'Vo /f]u tyf c;/x? o; ksf/sf 5g\ . w d'6';DaGwL /f]u nfUg] . w dl:tisdf /Qm>fj x'g] . w d'v, kmf]S;f], 3f“F6L, k]6, /ut cflbsf] SofG;/ x'g] . w bd, vf]sL, lgdf]lgof, af]ª\sfOl6; x'g] . w bfFt, cf]7 laug] . w w'dkfg ug]{ cfdfaf6 sd tf}nsf] lzz' hGdg] tyf eu{ktg;Dd x'g ;Sg] . w sfd ug]{ Ifdtfdf sdL cfpg] . o;sf] cnfjf w'dkfg / ;"lt{ ;]jgsf] kfl/jfl/s, ;fdflhs / cfly{s If]qdf ;d]t gsf/fTds c;/ kfb{5 .

bfloTjaf] w u/fp“b} of] sfo{df ;xof] uL aGg] klta4tf hgfp“5f} +Ú– 3f] if0ffkqdf elgPsf] 5– …kfgLsf] ;txnfO{ dfly;Dd Nofpgsf nflu vx/] vf] nfx?df xfO8\ ofdx? agfpgsf nflu ah] 6 ljlgof] hg ug{ ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f ub{5f} + .Ú 3f] if0ffkqdf lgjf{rg If] q ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf ;f+;b If] q ljsf; sf] ifsf] ah] 6 lhNnfsf] kof{j/0fLo ;+/ If0f tyf ka4{gsf] If] qdf kfyldstfsf ;fy vr{ ug{ ;DalGwt kIfsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsf] 5 . …g] kfnL ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] ;femf / ul/dfdo ;+: yf g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfª cfkm\gf] :yfkgfsfnb] lv g} bfªsf ;fdflhs ;/f] sf/sf HjnGt d'2fx?klt ;/f] sf/ /fVb} cfPsf] ;Gbe{df bfªsf] kof{j/0fsf] ljifonfO{ ;+: yfut?kdf cem pRr kfyldstf lbg] s'/ f hgfp“b} ;Dk"0f{ bªfnL ;~rf/sdL{x?n] cf–cfkm\gf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 bfªsf] kof{j/0fsf] kIfdf ;"rgf, lrGtf / clek] / 0ffsf dfWodaf6 cfjfh p7fp‘“b} ;/f] sf/fjfnfx?nfO{ yk lhDd] jf/ agfpg / jftfj/0fsf] kIfdf alnof] hgdt l;h{gf ug] { cleofgdf cem b[9tfk"j{s nfUg] klta4tf hfx] / ub{5f} +Ú– 3f] if0ffkqdf elgPsf] 5 .

Uf0ftGq g] kfnsf kyd /fi6«klt 8f= /fdj/0f ofbjn] d'n'ssf] kof{j/0fsf] kIfdf b] vfPsf] P] ltxfl;s rf;f] sf] ;+: d/0f ub} { bfªsf] kof{j/0faf/] lrGtf / rf;f] ks6 ug{ bfª cfPsf] df cfef/ ks6 ul/Psf] 5 . cGtlqm{ofdf g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf s] GbLo ;b:o chobLk zdf{n] 3f] if0ffkq k:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

>L hg hfu[lt dfWolds ljBfno kft' jgufpF, bfªsf] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] u7gsf nflu lgjf{rg tflnsf lgDg cg';f/ 5 . != cleefjssf] gfdfjnL ksfzg ldlt M @)&#.@.@$ ut] ljxfg !! ah] . @= cleefjsx?sf] gfdfjnL pk/ bfjL lj/f]w ldlt M @)&#.@.@^ ut] lbpF;f] # ah];Dd . #= cleefjsx?sf] clGtd gfdfjnL ksfzg ldlt M @)&#.@.@^ ut] lbpF;f] $ ah];Dd . $= pDd]bjf/x?sf] pDd]bjf/ dgf]gog btf{ ldlt M @)&#.@.@& ut] lbpF;f] $ ah];Dd . %= pDd]bjf/x?sf] pDd]bjf/ dfly bfjL lj/f]w ldlt M @)&#.@.@( ut] lbpF;f] # ah];Dd . ^= pDd]bjf/sf] clGtd gfdfjnL ksfzg ldlt M @)&#.@.@( ut] lbpF;f] $ ah];Dd . &= r'gfj lrGx kbfg ldlt M @)&#.@.#! ut] lbpF;f] ! ah];Dd . *= dtbfg ldlt M @)&#.#.# ut] ljxfg & ah]b]lv lbpF;f] ! ah];Dd . lj=Jo=;=sf] 5gf}6 ;xof]u ;ldlt

o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf 3f] / fxL, @# h] 7 . ;f+;b /] vf zdf{sf] ;f+;b ljsf; sf] ifsf] cfly{s ;xof] u tyf hnhnf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+: yfsf] cfof] hgfdf ;~rfng ePsf] PsxKt] gdlsg agfpg] tflnd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;+: yfsf cWoIf s[ltdfg k'gsf] cWoIftf tyf lhlj;sf !)) Ü glb yfx} O{

s0ff{nLdf /f]kfO M 8f]Nkfsf] lqk'/fsf]6df /x]sf] lqk'/f;'Gb/L b]jLsf] u'7L v]tdf ljleGg ufp“af6 cfP/ ;fd"lxs wfg /f]kfO“ ub}{ dlxnf . vfBfGg cefj x'g] s0ff{nLdf wfg v]tL klg nfUg] ub{5 . tl:a/ M /fdrGb Gof}kfg]÷/f;;

3f] / fxL, @# h] 7 . ljZj jftfj/0f lbj;sf] cj;/df g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªn] cfOtjf/ u/] sf] j[xt\ cGtlqm{ofaf6 !# a'“b] bfª 3f] if0ffkq hf/L u/] sf] 5 . …dfgjhfltnufot ;Dk"0f{ ks[ltsf] eljionfO{ ;d] t uDeL/ vt/f pTkGg x'g] u/L ljZjJofkL?kdf b] lvPsf] uDeL/ jftfj/0fLo ;+s6sf] ;fy} xfdf] d'n'sdf ;d] t lbgkltlbg lalub} u/] sf] kof{j/0fLo ;d:ofklt uDeL/ lrGtf / rf;f] ks6 ub} { jftfj/0fLo ;+/ If0ftkm{ yk uDeL/tfk"j{s sbd rfNg ;DalGwt ;a} kIf;“u dfu ub{5f} +Ú– 3f] if0ffkqdf elgPsf] 5– …o; ;Gbe{df g] kfnLx?sf] hghLjg;“u kToIf hf] l8Psf] r'/ ] sf] ;+/ If0fnfO{ pRr kfyldstf lbg /fHo / ;/f] sf/fjfnfnfO{ xflb{s clkn ub} { o; cleofgdf cf–cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 6] jf lbg] klta4tf hfx] / ub{5f} + .Ú ljzfn / ;'Gb/ pkTosfdf /x] sf] bfª lhNnfdf klg jftfj/0f{Lo ;d:of lbgkltlbg hl6n aGb} uPsf] tkm{ ;hu /x] sf] pNn] v ub} { 3f] if0fkqdf lhNnf / lhNnfaf;Lsf] eljio;“u kToIf hf] l8Psf] of] ;d:ofnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ lhNnfaf;Lx?n] k"0f{Pstf / ;xsfo{sf ;fy u'?of] hgf agfO{ ;dfwfg ug{] tkm{ yk lqmofzLn eP/ nfUg] b[9tf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . …dfgj hLjgsf] dxTjk"0f{ lx:;f kof{j/0f xf] . kof{j/0f ;+/ If0fsf ;Gbe{df x'g] ;a} ultljlwx?df x/] s ;+: yf / JolQmn] ;xof] uL efjn] sfo{ ub} { ;fd"lxs efjgfsf] ljsf; ug{ xfdL ;a}

klta4 5f} +Ú– 3f] if0ffkqdf elgPsf] 5– …xfdf ;a} lqmofsnfkx? kof{j/0fLod} qL x'g] 5g\ / xfdL xfdf l5d] sLx?nfO{ ;d] t of] s'/ fdf hfu?s agfpg koTgzLn /xg] 5f+} .Ú 3f] if0fkqdf bfªsf] kfgLsf] ;f] t ;'Sb} uPsf] ;Gbe{df To;nfO{ k'ghf{u[t u/fpgsf nflu ;DefJotfsf] cWoog ug{sf nflu gLlt lgdf{0f txsf] ;fd"lxs ?kdf Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsf] 5 . …xl/ofnL a9fpgsf nflu ;8ssf lsgf/fx?, vfnL hldgx?df a[If/f] k0fsf nflu ljz] if cleofg ;~rfng ug{ xfdL cu;/ x'g] 5f} +Ú– 3f] if0ffkqdf elgPsf] 5– …jftfj/0fdf klts"n c;/ kfg] { ;a} ksf/sf ultljlwx?nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{] tkm{ xfdL koTgzLn x'g] 5f} + .Ú bfªdf :yfkgf ePsf / x'g] klqmofdf /x] sf l;d] G6 pBf] ux? oxf“sf] jftfj/0fLo :jR5tfsf ;a} eGbf 7"nf r'gf} tL dflgPsf] pNn] v ub} { 3f] if0ffkqdf tL pBf] ux?nfO{ Jojxfl/s?kdf ;Dk"0f{ lgodsfg"g tyf ;d'bfox?;“u ul/Psf ;xdlt, ;Demf} tfx?sf] kfngf ug{ u/fpg] tkm{ ;DalGwt kIfx?sf] uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsf] 5 . ;fy} bfªdf gof“ l;d] 06 pBf] unfO{ cg'dlt glbgsf nflu g] kfn ;/sf/;“u dfu ul/Psf] 5 . bfªdf x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ljsf; lgdf{0fdf kof{j/0fd} qL Pj+ lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffcg's"n x'g] u/L ug{ ;/f] sf/jfnfx?;“u clkn ul/Psf] 5 . …blIf0f Plzofs} 7"nf] pkTosf bfªsf] rf/} lt/ /x] sf] jg -dxfef/t / r'/ ] >[+vnf_ nfO{ ;+/ If0f u/L xl/ofnL a9fpgsf nflu ;/f] sf/jfnfx?sf]

n] vf clws[t d] 3/fh zdf{sf] kd'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] Gbsf n'dfsfGt Gof} kfg] …;fu/Ú, lbns'df/L a'9f, ;'/ ] z kf} 8] n, ;taxfb'/ /f] sf, lji0f' yfkf, hdf k'g, odf 3tL{nufotn] af] Ng'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f g/] Gbaxfb'/ /f] sfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . tflnddf @& hgfsf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

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odnfn e';fn

a'6jn, @# h] 7 . sIff !! / !@ df cWoog/t ljBfyL{df /x] sf] kltefsf ljifodf ljBfyL{ / ;/f] sf/jfnf ;+3;+: yfsf kltlglwaLr a'6jndf cGtlq{mof ul/Psf] 5.

Unf] sn l6g lx/f] gfds ;+: yfsf] cfof] hgfdf ePsf] cGtlq{mofdf o; If] qsf ljleGg pRr dfWolds ljBfnox?df cWoog/t ljBfyL{, lzIfs / cleefjssf] ;xeflutf lyof] . ljz] if u/] / !( jif{d'lgsf ljBfyL{df /x] sf kltefnfO{ s;/L aflx/ Nofpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf cGtlq{mof ul/Psf] lyof] . ljBfyL{df ePsf kltefnfO{ kikm'6g u/fO{ pgLx?df ;r] tgf Nofpgsf nflu Unf] sn l6g lx/f] gfds ;+: yfn] ljutb] lv ljBfyL{, cleefjs, lzIfs, lzlIfsf / lzIff;“u ;DalGwt ;+3;+: yfaLr b] ze/ cGtlq{mof tyf uf] i7L cfof] hgf

lhp“bf] af]On/ s'v'/f

vf]/sfF6f ?= @@).– EofnL km] ; xfp; 3f] / fxL–!) uf}tdgu/ 6f] n lgdfxn /f]8 z+s/ d] l8sn cufl8 kmf] = )*@–%^@#*!

^%)) ln6/sf] b'O{j6f kfgL 6\ofª\s/ ca t'n;Lk'/df nfld5fg] hn ;]jf

lkpg] / 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu 7"nf] 6\of+s/ ePsf] , #%) lkm6 ulx/fOaf6 af]l/ª ul/Psf] z'4 lkpg] kfgL pknAw 5 .

;Dks{ : yfgM )*@–%@@$&& df] = (*%&*@#$(*, (*)(&^$^!(

t'n;Lk'/ –^ /hf}/f, bfª

z'4 kfgL rflxPdf e08f/L jf6/ ;Knfo;{

lkpg] / 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu 7"nf] 6\of+s/ ePsf], #)) lkm6 ulx/fOaf6 af]l/ª ul/Psf] z'4 lkpg] kfgL pknAw 5 . ;Dks{ : yfgM )*@–%^##(#, (*!***%(&#

3f]/fxL–* -gofF a;kfs{b]lv klZrd_ bfª

ub} { cfPsf] 5 . ljBfyL{nfO{ cfkm"df ePsf kltefnfO{ aflx/ Nofpgsf nflu cgnfOgaf6 kmf/fd e/] / ;g\ @)!^ df kltikwf{ u/fOg] Unf] sn l6g lx/f] ;+: yfsL Plnhf khfkltn] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . ;f] xL sfo{qmddf Unf] sn l6g lx/f] ;g\ @)!% sL lx/f] ljkgf zdf{, d] 3f a} +ssf sfo{sf/L clws[t clgns] z/L zfx, ?kGb] xL lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L 6] saxfb'/ yfkf, ltnf] Qdf SofDk; kd'v 8f= /fdrGb cfrfo{, KofA;g ?kGb] xLsf pkfWoIf nfnxl/ kf08] , lx;fg ?kGb] xLsf cWoIf cgGt zdf{, lbj; kf} 8] nnufotn] af] Nb} afnaflnsfdf ePsf kltefnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L afnd} qL /fi6« agfpg'kg] {df hf] 8 lbg'eof] .

Unf] sn l6g lx/f] ;+: yfsf Plnhf khfkltsf] cWoIftf / ljBfyL{ bLks cof{nsf] ;~rfngdf sfo{qmd ePsf] lyof] .

laqmL tyf ef8fdf ljleGg kmf/fdsf] nflu pko'Qm !& s¶f hUufdf $ j6f 3/ 6x/f ePsf] , kfgL lah'nLsf] ;'ljwf ePsf] hUuf ef8f tyf laqmLdf ePsf] Joxf] / f cg'/ f] w ul/G5 .

OR5's JolQmn] t'= ;Dks{ ug'{xf] nf .

q

dlgif v8\sf

?s'd, @# h] 7 . ?s'ddf …bf] ;f] lhlj; sk gscfpg k'?if elnan kltof] lutfÚ z'? ePsf] 5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;xof] u / ;d[4 ;dfh g] kfnsf] cfof] hgfdf ;b/d'sfd vn+ufdf /x] sf] a/fx6fs'/ f 6'“l8v] ndf kltof] lutf z'? ePsf] xf] . kd'v cltly ;fj{hlgs n] vf ;ldltsf ;efklt, k"j{dGqL Pj+ ?s'd If] q g+= @ sf ;f+;b hgfb{g zdf{ … kefs/Ú n] Jofg/ k9] / tyf /] kmLnfO{ v] ns"b ;fduL kbfg u/] / kltof] lutfsf] pb\3f6g ug'{eof] . ;d[4 ;dfh g]kfnsf cWoIf ;'af]w z]kf{nLsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf kd'v lhNnf clwsf/L a+zLs'df/ cfrfo{ / :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L e/ts'df/ zdf{sf] ljz]if cfltYotf lyof] . ;d[4 ;dfh g] kfnsf

sDKo"6/ lzIfssf] cfjZostf

o; eujtL df=lj= xf]8jfª–^, ;}3f bfªdf sDKo"6/ lzIfs kbdf kbk"lt{ ug’k{ g]{ ePsf]n] of]Uotf k'us ] f] OR5's g]kfnL gful/saf6 b/vf:t cfx\jfg ul/G5 .

kb M sDKo"6/ lzIfs ;+Vof M ! -Pshgf_ tx M kf=lj= >]0fL M t[tLo of]Uotf M ±@ jf kjL0ftf kdf0fkq tx pQL0f{ . sDKo"6/ ljifodf l8Knf]df . b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt M @)&# h]7 #) ut];Dd . b/vf:t b:t’/ M ?= %)).– tna ;’ljwf M !),))).– k/LIffsf] lsl;d M kof]ufTds tyf cGtjf{tf{ . k]z ug'{kg]{ sfuhftx? M lgj]bg, gful/stf kdf0fkqsf] kltlnlk, z}lIfs of]Uotfsf kdf0fkqx?sf] kltlnlk .

;Dks{ ldlt M b/vf:t lbg] clGtd lbgsf] ef]lnkN6 .

lhpFbf] vf] / sfF6f klt s] =hL= ?= @!).– lhpFbf] ahf/ sfF6f klt s] =hL= ?= @!%.– k]m; df;' klt s]=hL= ?= #@).– ;Dks{ df] =M (*$&*#^!*&

uLn pBf]u ;/]sf] ;"rgf † 3f]/fxL Go"/f]8af6 ;~rflnt eO/x]sf] df};dL uLn pBf]u ljB't kflws/0f k5fl8sf] /f]8df ;/]sf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ . ;fy} oxfFaf6 kmfOa/ 5fgf ;d]t nufOG5 .

;Dks{ g+= M (*%&*#@$(^

lqk'/, @# h]7 -o';_– lqk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] cfof]hgfdf cfOtjf/ gf/fo0fk'/ ahf/sf] ;/;kmfO ul/Psf] 5 . ljZj jftfj/0f lbj; / /fli6«o ;/;kmfO ;Ktfxsf] cj;/df lqk'/ gu/kflnsfcGtu{t gf/fo0fk'/ ahf/ If] qdf ;/;kmfO ul/Psf]

lg=df=lj=

ul0ft, lj1fg -egf{ rln/x]sf] 5, l56\6} ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf ._ lgoldt sIffx? M PG6«fG; tyf lahsf]if{, English Language, Computer, Soft-Skills Training

lnnfd a9fa9;DaGwL ;"rgf † o; sfof{nosf] lhG;L vftfdf df} Hbft /x] sf b] xfo cg';f/sf dfn;fdfg lnnfd a9fa9åf/f laqmL ug'{kg] { ePsf] n] of] ;"rgf ksflzt ul/Psf] 5 . ;"rgf ksflzt ePsf] ldltn] ;f] x -!^_cf} + lbgsf] lbg o; sfof{nodf lbgsf] !@M)) ah] b] lv lnnfd a9fa9 ul/g] x'Fbf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf ksflzt ul/Psf] 5 . dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f b] xfo cg';f/ sfod ul/Psf] 5 . Go"gtd d"Noaf6 g} a9fa9 ;'? x'g] / ;sf/jfnfn] saf] n c+ssf] % kltzt w/f} 6L tTsfn /fVg'kg] {5 . lnnfd ;sf/ u/] sf] dfn;fdfg ;sf/ u/] sf] d"No r'Qmf u/L & lbgleq p7fO{ n} hfg'kg] {5 . lnnfd ul/g] dfn;fdfgsf] cj:yf x] g{ rfx] df sfof{no ;dodf x] g{ ;lsg] 5 . cGo s'/ f krlnt sfg'g cg';f/ x'g] 5 . o; ;DaGwL yk hfgsf/L cfjZos ePdf sfof{no ;dodf ;Dks{ u/L kfKt ug{ ;lsg] 5 . tkl;n s}lkmot

l;=g+= !# !$ !% !^ !& !* !( @) @! @@ @# @$

;fdgsf] gfd OGe6{/ l;=lk=o' l8; xf]d lkG6/ 3'Dg] s';L{ ;g=6]a'n ;f]kmf l;ª\un /]l8of] Aof6«L lxn6]s dfOqmf] kmf]g nfp8 l:ks/

kl/df0f ! j6f ! j6f ! j6f @ j6f ^ j6f $ j6f $ j6f ! j6f $ j6f ! j6f ! j6f ! j6f

s}lkmot

:yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L

u'0f:t/Lo kfgL / e/kbf]{ ;]jf uf}td hn;]jf t'n;Lk'/ ;Dks{ M s'naxfb'/ e08f/L (*%&*#)($$, )*@–%@@&&* 3f]/fxL ;Dks{ M lvdaxfb'/ b]jsf]6f (*$&*@)@#&, )*@–%^)@!$

xf]d 8]lne/Lsf] ;'ljwf;lxt zfGt tyf :jR5 jftfj/0fdf :jflbi6 kl/sf/sf] ;fydf ljz'4 kfl/jfl/s /]i6'/]G6

:ju{åf/L Pkm=Pd= /f]8, 3f]/fxL–!!

Ph. No. 082-560801, 9847993412

s] z/ /f] sf

Ko'7fg, @# h] 7 . ev{/ } ;?jf eP/ Ko'7fgdf cfpg'ePsf kd'v lhNnf clwsf/L hgs/fh kGtnfO{ Ko'7fg pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3 / xf] 6n Joj;foL ;+3 Ko'7fgn] ;+o'Qm?kdf Ps sfo{qmd cfof] hgf u/L :jfut u/] sf 5g\ . :ofª\hf lhNnf kzf;g sfof{noaf6 ;?jf eP/ cfpg'ePsf klhc kGtnfO{ Joj;foLx?n] :jfut u/] sf x'g\ . z'qmjf/ ;+3sf] ;lrjfnodf cfof] lht sfo{qmddf af] Nb} Ko'7fg pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf 1fd'/ fd Gof} kfg] n] lhNnfsf pBf] uL Joj;foLx?nfO{ 9'Ss;“u Joj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu /fHon] ;'/ Iffsf] Uof/] G6L ug'{kg] { atfpg'eof] . …cem} ;Dd klg lhNnfdf k] 6«f] lnod kbfy{sf] ;xh cfk"lt{ x'g;s] sf] 5} gÚ– Gof} kfg] n] eGg'eof] – …o;klt kzf;gn] cfjZos kxn yfNg'k5{ .Ú nfdf] ;dob] lv lhlj; bfªsf] 7] s] bf/n] p7fp“b} cfO/x] sf] ca} wflgs s/ x6fpg ljut

nfdf] ;dob] lv Joj;foLx?n] ;+3if{ u/] klg cem} ;Dd x6\g g;s] sfn] o;df cfjZos kxn yfNg pxf“n] cfux ug'{eof] . Joj;foL / kzf;gaLr ;'dw'/ ;DaGw agfP/ cl3 a9\g'kg] { xf] 6n Joj;foL ;+3 Ko'7fgsf cWoIf rGbnfn Gof} kfg] n] ;'emfj lbg'eof] . sfo{qmddf af] Nb} ;+3sf lgjt{dfg cWoIf dfwj/fh e08f/L / ;+/ Ifs Pj+ k"j{cWoIf Odfgl;+x ef/tLn] lghL If] qsf] nufgLlagf d'n's ;d[4 aGg g;Sg] ePsfn] /fHon] lghL If] qnfO{ xf} ;nf kbfg ug] {vfnsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug'{kg] { ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] . gjcfuGt's klhc kGtn] ;a} sf] ;xof] u / ;dy{gaf6 dfq} zflGt ;'/ Iff alnof] x'g] ePsf] n] o;df ;3fpg Joj;foLx?nfO{ cfux ug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf xf] 6n Joj;foL, pBf] uL, Joj;foL Pj+ ;+3sf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x] sf] sfo{sf/L lgb] {zs emj] Gb zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

v]ns"b ljsf; ;ldltåf/f ljbfO o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf 3f] / fxL, @# h] 7 . bfªsf kx/L kd'v kx/L pk/LIfs s'a] / s8fotnfO{ bfª lhNNff v] ns"b ljsf; ;ldltn] ljbfO u/] sf] 5 . bfªaf6 ;?jf eP/ hfg nfUg' ePsf kx/L kd'v P;kL s8fotnfO{ v] ns"b ljsf; ;ldltn] cfOtjf/ Ps sfo{qmd cfof] hgf u/L ljbfO u/] sf] xf] . lhNNff v] ns"b ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIf l8NnLaxfb'/ 8f“uLsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf P;kL s8fotnfO{ vfbf cf] 9fP/ / dfofsf] lrgf] lbP/

ljbfO ul/Psf] v] ns"b ljsf; ;ldlt bfªsf sf] iffWoIf s} nfz /f] sf du/n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sfo{qmddf af] Nb} v] ns"b ljsf; ;ldltsf sfof{no ;lrj zflGt ;f] dO{ yfkf, g] kfn alx/f ;+3sf lgb] {zs kltef zdf{, gdR5' af} 4 u'Dafsf ;b:o dlg/fh k'gnufotn] P;kL s8fotn] bfªsf] ;'/ Iff Joj:yfdf k'¥ofPsf] of] ubfgsf] kz+;f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f t] SjfGbf] sf ;xfos klzIfs /fs] z kl/of/n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

emf“qmL9'+uf vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;ldlt t'n;Lk'/ *, ( / !) sf] ;"rgf † o; emfFqmL9'+uf vfg] kfgL pkef] Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;ldlt t'n;Lk'/ *,( / !) cd[tk'/ bfªsf] ldlt @)&# kmfu'g !# ut] sf] !) cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efaf6 o; vfg] kfgLsf] gfd / 7] ufgf ;+zf] wg ug''{kg] { ePsf] n] o; ;ldltsf] lhDd] jf/Ldf /x] sf ef} lts ;+/ rgf, cfly{s sf/f] af/, kfOknfOg / ;a} ksf/sf sf/f] af/ lhDd] jf/L kl/jlt{t gfd / 7] ufgf cd[tk'/ vfg] kfgL pkef] Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;+: yf t'n;Lk'/ – ( gd'gfgu/ af6 cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷@)&$ >fjg ! ut] af6 sf/f] af/ ug] { u/fpg] ePsf] n] ;a} sf nflu of] #% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ksflzt ul/Psf] Joxf] / f hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f} + .

eLdsfGt a:ofn d]3/fh kf08] rGbsfGt v/]n sf]iffWoIf ;lrj cWoIf Pj+ emf“qmL9'+uf vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO ;ldlt t'n;Lk'/ *, ( / !) cd[tk'/, bfª

/fKtL pBd kfOe]6 lnld6]8

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, vn+uf ;Nofg

kl/df0f @ j6f $ j6f ! j6f ! j6f @ j6f ! j6f ! j6f !$ j6f ! j6f ! j6f # j6f $ j6f

lqk'/ gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t sdfgl;+x yfkf du/sf] cu'jfO{ tyf ljleGg /fhgLlts bn, ;dfh;] jL, a'l4hLjL, kx/L, sd{rf/L, Jofkf/L / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ] ;xeflutfdf ;/;kmfO ul/Psf] lyof] .

ljifo M g]kfnL, c+u]hL, ;fdflhs,

;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno

;fdfgsf] gfd Sofd/f vf6 PDklnkmfo/ 8«f]Oª af]8{ XjfO6 af]8{ kfg; 7"nf] kmf]6f]skL d]l;g Knfli6s s';L{ afOgfs'n/ Nofk6k l:6n b/fh a's ;]Nkm ¥ofs

xf] .

lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u M

g]kfn ;/sf/

l;=g+= ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( !) !! !@

;/;kmfO ;ldltsf cWoIf sfzL/fd 8f“uL, lzjnfn dxt/fnufotn] af] Ng'ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df ;fd"lxs bLk kHjng sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g tyf afnaflnsfx?af6 cfWoflTds g[To k:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] qmddf /xg'ePsf ndxL gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIf 3gZofd ;'j] bLn] kmf] gdfkm{t z'esfdgf JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ax\dfs'df/L pdfsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ;fu/n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

gf/fo0fk'/ ahf/df ;/;kmfO

ckm Xo'dg PS;nG; (NIHE)

;Dks{ g+= M (*%&*#$#*@, (*$$((@**!

3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf sfof{no bfªsf] gS;f kf;;DjGwL ;"rgf †

Ko'7fg t'iff/f uf=lj=;= j8f g+= & a:g] jf/]; zlzw/ kf]v]nn] x'dfs'df/L pkfWofosf] gfddf btf{ >] : tf ePsf] ;fljs 3f]/fxL– $s -xfn 3f] / fxL gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !!_ ls=g+= #@#$ a=ld= **=)@ hUufdf 3/ lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu 3/sf] gS;fkf; Ohfht kfpF egL ldlt @)&@.!!.)^ df gS;f;lxt lgj] bg k] z ug'{ePsf] 5 . ;f] cg';f/ 3/ gS;fkf; Ohfht pknAw u/fpg cfjZos klqmof k"/f u/L ldlt @)&#.)@.@# ut]sf lbg :ynut ;/hldg ubf{ klZrdtkm{sf ;Flwof/ pQds'df/ >]i7 t'n;Lk'/ a:g] ePsf] sf/0f gS;fkf; sfo{ /f] lsg uPsf] 5 . olb sf] xL s;} sf] bfaL lj/f] w eP of] ;"rgf ksflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% -kGw_ lbgleq cfk\mgf] ;a't kdf0f;lxt o; sfof{nodf lnlvt lgj] bg lbg'xf] nf . cGoyf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P] g @)%% tyf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL @)%^ adf] lhd lghsf gfddf 3/ gS;fkf; eOhfg] x'Fbf ;DalGwt ;a} sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf ksflzt ul/Psf] 5 .

ndxL, @# h] 7 -o';_– ax\df s'df/L OZj/Lo ljZjljBfno ndxLsf] !# cf} + jflif{sf] T;j ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;+: yfsL /fKtL c~rn kd'v ax\dfs'df/L uLtf Gof} kfg] sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf kd'v cltly ;dfh;] jL b] pv'/ L ax'd'vL SofDk;sf k"j{cWoIf /] zdaxfb'/ v8\ sf, ljlzi6 cltly r} nfxL uflj;sf k"j{cWoIf /] jtL/d0f zdf{, gful/s ;dfhsf ;+of] hs gLdaxfb'/ yfkf, ;flxTosf/ 5ljnfn sf] lknf, b] pv'/ L pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf zf] efs/ l3ld/] , ndxL vfg] kfgL pkef] Qmf tyf

g]zgn OlG:66\o'6

eujtL df=lj= xf]8jfª–^, ;}3f bfª

;Dks{ g+= M (*$&*^*$$$

;'/lIft s'v/' f tyf bfgf Joj;foL ;ldlt 3f] / fxL, bfª cfhsf] s'v/' f / df;s' f] d"No;"rL

sf] iffWoIf bLks af“7fsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ;b:o hLjg s] ;Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cfOtjf/af6 h] 7 @& ut] ;Dd ;~rfng x'g] kltof] lutfdf lhNnfsf ljleGg uflj; tyf gu/kflnsfsf @@ j6f ;d"xn] kltikwf{ ug] {5g\ . kltof] lutfsf] ljh] tfn] %) xhf/, pkljh] tfn] #) xhf/ tyf t] ;f] / rf} yf] x'g] n] qmdzM @) xhf/, kf“r xhf/ gub kfpg] 5g\ . To:t} a] i6 Kn] o/, a] i6 ;6/, a] i6 Ans/ / a] i6 l8km] G8/ nufotnfO{ klg k'/ :s[t ul/g] 5 . v] n gs cfp6sf] cfwf/df v] nfOg] 5 . lhNnfdf /x] sf gof“ v] nf8Lsf] klxrfg tyf k'/ fgf v] nf8LnfO{ kf] T;fxg ug] { p2] Zon] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;xof] udf ;d[4 ;dfh g] kfnn] cl3Nnf] jif{b] lv kltof] lutf ;~rfng ug{ yfn] sf] xf] .

q

lagf ck/]zg aaf;L/ c:ktfn xfO8«fl] ;n, jjf;L/, kfON;, gf;"/, dx]zL, euGb/ /f]usf] ljgf ck/]zg cf}iflwåf/f Uof/]G6Lsf ;fy pkrf/ ul/G5 .

+ 8f= kL= d08n +

7]ufgf M s[i0fgu/ af8{/ ef/tLo eG;f/ ljefub]lv cufl8 df]8sf] 5]pFdf -/fh' zfxLsf] ;6/_ a9gL ;Dks{ M g]=g+= (*!!(*$@&)÷(*^#^%*#))

l8nfO6 sg{/ lb km]ldnL /]i6'/]06 kf=ln=

ndxL–% l6s'nLu9, bfª

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bfªsf] ==== cjlw / jg:kltsf] cj:yfdf lge{/ x'G5 . jg:kltn] jiff{sf] kfgLnfO{ ;txdf aUgaf6 /f]S5 / hldgleq l5g{ d2t ub{5 . kmn:j?k kfgLsf] ;txsf / e"ldut ;f] t a9\g hfG5 / af9L tyf klx/f] sf] ;Defjgf sd x'G5 . pi0f kb] zsf] afSnf] h+unn] jiff{sf] *) kltzt kfgLnfO{ aUgaf6 /f] S5 . h;dWo] #) kltzt jfliks/0f x'G5 / &) kltzt hldg tyf af] 6lj?jfn] ux0f ub{5 . ha ls v] tL u/] sf] hldgn] s]jn jiff{sf] !) kltzt kfgLnfO{ ux0f ug{ ;S5 -WWF, 2011_ . ?vsf] h/fx?n] ;f];]/ hldg d'lg x'g] kfgLsf] axfjnfO{ klg sd ub{5g\ . af9Lsf] ;Defjgf kd'v?kn] h+un ljgfz ePsf] If] qdf a9L x'G5 . To;} u/L zx/Ls/0f a9\b} hf‘bf e"ldut kfgL sd x'g] / af9Lsf] vt/f a9\b} hfG5 . sfnf] kq / l;d] G6 s+lqm6sf] ;+/ rgfaf6 kfgL hldgd'lg l5g{ ;Sb} g . h+un kftnf] x'‘bf / k"/ } ljgfz x'‘bf hldgd'lg kfgL l5g] { -In ltration_ lqmof lgs} sd x'G5 -Strahler, 1961_ . nfdf] ;'Vvf df} ;d / ef/L jiff{ x'g] If] qdf h+un g} af9L, klx/f] af6 arfpg] kefjsf/L pkfo xf] -Menaria, 1987_ . ljut @) b] lv #) jif{sf] cjlwdf 3f] / fxL gu/kflnsfsf w] / } If] qdf ;tx / e"ldut kfgLsf] dfqf 36\b} uPsf] 5 . klxn] lxp‘bdf l;+rfO{ x'g] v] taf/Lx? la:tf/} l;+rfO{ x'g 5f8] sf 5g\ -Sharma, 2003_ . xfjfkfgLdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g klg o;df hf] l8g ;S5 .

3f] / fxL gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= % 3f] 8bf} / f kxf8df Ps ufuf] kfgL lng udL{ ;dodf tLg 306f ;do nufpg'k/] sf] 5 . vf] nf tyf gbLdf a9\bf] kf“uf] df6f] tyf 9'ª\ufsf] lgIf] k bfªsf gbL tyf vf] nfx?sf] dfu{, lsgf/L efu tyf glhssf] v] tx?df jif] {lg lgIf] kLs/0fsf] dfqf a9\b} uPsf] b] Vg ;lsG5 . b] pv'/ L pkTosfsf r'/ ] af6 lg:sg] vx/] x?sf ;fy} /fKtL gbLsf] dfu{ tyf lsgf/L efudf / cf;kf;sf If] qx?df tLa gbL lgIf] k eO/x] sf] 5 . x/] s jif{ lgdf{0f ;fduLx? lgsflnG5 . gbLsf] dfu{ ulx/f] x'G5 . IfoLs/0f tLa x'G5 eg] xf] rf tyf ;dtn efudf lgIf] k a9\5 . of] lgIf] kn] gbL tyf vf] nfsf] dfu{ kl/jt{g x'g] , s[lif If] q s6fg x'g] / v] tLx?df sd;n df6f] tyf afn'jf lgIf] k eO{ pj{/ kgf 36\g] b] lvG5 . klxn] 3gf h+un x'‘bf af9Lsf] kfgL v] tdf pj{/ kgf k'gM a9fpg] Pp6f pkfo lyof] . t/ clxn] af9Lsf] kfgLn] klg pj{/ kgf a9fpg] -Fertility restore_ gePsf] s'/ f :ki6 5 . ;+j]bgzLn r'/] kxf8 IfoLs/0fsf] hf]lvddf bfª lhNnfsf] s'n e"–efusf] s/La %$=#! kltzt efu - GIS kljlwåf/f cg'dflgt_ r'/ ] kxf8x?n] cf] u6] sf 5g\ . gjLg lgIf] k dflylt/ df] l8P/ lgdf{0f ePsf]

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Menaria, Rajendra, (1987), Enviroment Consuvation and Planning, New Delhi; Asian Publication House Sharma Dharani Kumar (2003), Forest Destruction and Depleting water Resources, Submitted to Office of Deam FOHSS, TU (Unpublished Report) Seddon, David. (1987), Nepal A State of Poverty, Sahibabad, Vikash Publishcy House Shrestha Chiranjeevi L. (1999), An Attempt to Trale the tend of Environmental Performance in Nepal, Environment, Kathmandu : MOPE Shrestha, Sharanhari (2001), Economic Geography of Nepal, Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar WWF, (2011) Sharing Bere ts from REDDt in Nepal, Kathmandu : WWF DDC, 2010, District Pro le of Dang

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TYPE MNM <SPACE> ANKITA & SENT TO 33001

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;+: yfks Pj+ ;Nnfxsf/ M gf/fo0fk;fb zdf{, ;Dkfbs–ksfzs M ktfk /] UdL, cltly ;Dkfbs M ;'zLn uf} td, kaGw ;Dkfbs M nIdL cfrfo{, ;x–;Dkfbs M g/]Gb s];L d'bs M kltef ckm;] 6 k] ; 3f] / fxL, bfª kmf] g M )*@–%^))*$÷%^!#)#, km\ofS; M )*@–%^)($*, zfvf sfof{nox? M t'n;Lk'/ – %@)($*, ndxL– %$)@$!, E-mail : yougbodh@gmail.com CMYK