CMYK
/+uLg kdf0f–kq, lelhl6ª sf8{, kl/ro kq, Aofr lkG6, l:6s/ lkG6sf ;fy} ;a} ksf/sf] sn/ lkG6 ul/G5 .
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3f] / fxL ljB't clkm; g] / ;Dks{ g+ = (*%&*#@(@# -;fy} ljb]z hfg] sfuhkq c+u]hLdf 6«fG;km/ ul/G5 ._
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(Naya Yugbodh National Daily Sept. 1, 2017)
lgjf{rg cfof]un] kfof] kltj]bg lgjf{rg klqmof cl3 a9fpg yk ;xhM kd'v cfo'Qm o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf sf7df8f} +, !% ebf} . ;/sf/n] If] q lgwf{/ 0f cfof] usf] kltj] bg laxLjf/ lgjf{rg cfof] unfO{ k7fPsf] 5 . To;df kb] z / kltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg If] q lgwf{/ 0f ul/Psf] 5 . cfof] usf kjQmf ;x;lrj gj/fh 9sfnsf cg';f/ kwfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb sfof{noaf6 kq;lxt If] q lgwf{/ 0fsf] kltj] bg laxLjf/ cfof] unfO{ kfKt ePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . d+l;/ !) ut] 3f] lift kb] z / kltlglw;ef lgjf{rgsf nflu cfof] un] If] q lgwf{/ 0fsf] kltj] bg oyfzL3 dfu ul//x] sf] lyof] . ;jf] {Rr cbfntsf k"j{GofofwLz sdngf/fo0f bf;sf] ;+of] hsTjdf ul7t If] q lgwf{/ 0f cfof] un] kb] zsf] tLg ;o #) / kltlglw;efsf nflu Ps ;o ^% lgjf{rg If] q lgwf{/ 0f u/L cfkm\gf] kltj] bg a'wjf/ ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfPsf] lyof] . ;+ljwfgcg';f/ cfof] un] lgwf{/ 0f u/] sf] kltj] bgdf s'g} km] / abn jf s'g} cbfntdf kZg p7fpg gkfOg] kfjwfg /x] sfn] klg ;/sf/n] pQm kltj] bgnfO{ cfkm";“u Pslbg klg g/fvL sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfof] udf k7fPsf] xf] . If] q lgwf{/ 0f cfof] usf ;b:o ;lrj a] u] Gb/fh zdf{n]
/] l8of ks[ltdf cfunfuL t'n;LKf'/ , !% ebF} -o';_– t'n;LKf'/ l:yt /] l8of] ks[lt PkmPd a;] sf] 3/sf] ld6/ aS;df laxLJff/ lbp“;f] cfunfuL x'“bf nfvF+} sf] Iflt ePsf] 5 . lbp“;f] ;f9] # ah] ePsf] cfunfuLsf] sf/0f eg] xfn;Dd v'Ng ;s]sf] 5}g . oBlk cf]e/nf]8 jf sdhf]/ tf/ ePsf sf/0f cfunfuL ePsf] x'g;Sg] ljB't kflws/0f t'n;LKf'/sf On]lS6«l;og ;~r' rf}w/Ln] cfz+sf ug'e{ Psf] 5 . 36gf nuQ} cfPsf] kx/Ln] cfuf] lgoGq0f u/]sf] lyof] . /]l8of]sf :6]zg Dofg]h/ cf]kG] b a:g]tn] /]l8of]sf] 6«fG;ld6/, :6]knfOh/ / o'lkP; k6\ss ] f]n] kf“r nfv a/fa/sf] Iflt ePsf] kf/lDes cf“sng ug'e{ Psf] 5 . pxf“n] s]Gbaf6 kfljlws lemsfOPsfn] yk Iflt s] slt ePsf] kl5 dfq eGg ;lsg] atfpg'eof] . :6]zg Dofg]h/ a:g]tn] /]l8of] tTsfnsf nflu aGb x'g] hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] 5 .
lgjf{rg cfof] udf k'u] / clen] vx? a'emfpg'ePsf] lyof] . o;} aLr kd'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm 8f= cof] wLk;fb ofbjn] lgjf{rg If] q lgwf{/ 0f cfof] usf] kltj] bg kfKt eO;s] kl5 lgjf{rg cfof] unfO{ cfufdL d+l;/df x'g] kltlglw;ef tyf kb] z;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg;DaGwL sfd cufl8 a9fpg ;xh ePsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . lgjf{rg If] q lgwf{/ 0f cfof] usf ;b:o;lrj a] u] Gb/fh zdf{ kf} 8] n;lxtsf] ;lrjfnosf] 6f] nLn] a'emfPsf] If] q lgwf{/ 0f;DaGwL clen] v tyf sfuhft ux0f ub{} kd'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm 8f= ofbjn] pQm wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] xf] . g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @*^ sf] pkwf/f (!) adf] lhd u7g ePsf] lgjf{rg If] q lgwf{/ 0f cfof] un] cfufdL kltlglw;ef ;b:o tyf kb] z;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg ug{] kof] hgsf nflu lgjf{rg If] q lgwf{/ 0f u/L a'wjf/ g] kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] kltj] bg a'emfPsf] lyof] . g] kfn ;/sf/af6 ;f] kltj] bg kwfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\ sf] sfof{noaf6 a'wjf/ g} lgjf{rg cfof] udf k7fOPsf] lyof] . kltj] bg kfKt ePkl5 lgjf{rg cfof] un] lgjf{rg If] q lgwf{/ 0f;“u ;DalGwt sfd sf/jfxL z'¿ ul/;s] sf] 5 . cfof] usf] clen] v tyf cGo
o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf t'n;Lk'/ , !% ebf} . kx/L cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfs ldªdf/ nfdfn] cfkm\gf] klxnf] sfd u'08fubL{nfO{ tx nufpg] ePsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . laxLjf/ ;fljssf] c~rn kx/L sfof{no /fKtL t'n;Lk'/ df kqsf/ ;Dd] ng u/] / nfdfn] ljleGg cfj/0f af] s] sf u'08fx?af6 g} clwsf+z cfk/flws 36gfx? x'g] ePsfn] u'08fx?nfO{ tx nufpg'sf] ljsNk gePsf] atfpg'eof] . …d] / f] sfd zflGt ;'/ Iff sfod u/fpg' xf] , hgtfnfO{ kx/L 5 eGg] cg'e"lt u/fpgsf nflu kx/L lbg/ft v6\5,
a] txgL -af“s] _, !% ebf} . 8'8'jf–@ a] txgLsf] afafufp“sf ^) jifL{o /fd;fu/ s'dL{ -adf{_ af9L cfPsf] ef] lnkN6 la/fdL k/] . af9Ln] larNnL agfP/ csf] { 3/sf] 5tdf cf>o lnO/x“bf s'dL{ sdhf] / Ln] ylst lyP . af9Ln] cgfh aufof] , p7Laf; g} nufof] . af9Ln] 3/df s] xL garfPkl5 s'dL{ kl/jf/ To; lbg ef] s} ;'t] . ef] lnkN6 l5d] sLn] kNnf] 5taf6 leh] sf] rgf kmflnlbP . ToxL rgf rkfP/ s'dL{ kl/jf/ a;] . la/fdL /x] sf /fd;fu/ vfgf vfg gkfP/ emg\–emg\ sdhf] / x'“b} uP . >LdtL sf} lznf jdf{ eGg'x'G5– …tLg lbgkl5 :yfgLo b'Mv/fd kl08t / /fdlszf] / jdf{n] vfgf pknAw u/fPkl5 vfPsf lyof} + .Ú To;kl5 klg jdf{ kl/jf/n] /fd/L vfgf CMYK
vfg kfPgg\ . la/fdL To;df klg /fd/L vfgf vfg gkfPkl5 d+unaf/ -!@ ut] _ /fd;fu/sf] d[To' eof] . …la/fdL ePsf lyP, cln–cln cf} iflw v'jfPsf lyof} + . af9Ln] ubf{ k] 6el/ vfgf vfg gkfP/ a'jfsf] d[To' eof] Ú– 5f] / f /f0ffktfk s'dL{n] eGg'eof] . 5f] / f /f0ffktfk dhb'/ L u5{g\ . af9L cfp“bf pgL 3/df lyPgg\ . af9Ln] 3/sf] cgfh aufPsf] , kl/jf/sf] larNnL ePsf] ;'g] sf /f0ffktfknfO{ cfkmGtLn] a'jfsf] d[To' ePsf] atfPkl5 3/df cfPsf lyP . /fd;fu/ klxnfb] lv g} sdhf] / lyP . lhNnf b} jLksf] k p4f/ ;ldlt, ljleGg ;+3 ;+: yf, /fhgLlts bnn] af9LkLl8tsf nflu /fxt ljt/0f u/] klg afafufp“ ljs6 ePsfn] af“sL $ k]hdf:
To;df s'g} ;Gb] x 5} gÚ– cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfs nfdfn] eGg'eof] – … tkfO“x?n] klg ;xof] u ug'{k5{ .Ú bfªdf w] / } k'/ fgf xTofsf 36gfx?df ;+nUg ck/fwLx? clxn] ;Dd kQf gnfu] sf] hfgsf/Ldf
o; /]l8;g km]dnL /]i6''/]G6df ! -Ps_ hgf s''ssf] cfjZostf k/]sf] x''Fbf Ol08og, rfOlgh / g]kfnL bIf s''ssf] cfjZostf ePsf]n] t'=;Dks{ ug''{xf]nf .
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t''n;Lk''/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf !* ;+ufdvf]nf, bfª ;Dks{ g+M (*%!)%#(%@, (*$&*!(&&*
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cfPsf] / To;sf] 5fgaLg u/L bf] ifLnfO{ sfg'gL s73/fdf pEofpg l;cfOjLsf] 6f] nLnfO{ v6fpg] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . g] kfn ;/sf/n] ;+3Lo kx/L OsfO{ sfof{nosf] d'sfd t'n;Lk'/ tf] s] kl5 t'n;Lk'/ cfpg'ePsf nfdfn] d+l;/kl5 ;f+u7lgs ;+/ rgf, :j?k / ;] jf kjfxsf ljifodf yfxf x'g] atfpg'eof] . OsfO{ sfof{no xfnnfO{ 3f] / fxL /f] 8df vfnL /x] sf] s[lif ljsf; a} +ssf] ejgaf6 ;'rf? ul/g] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . kx/L cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfs nfdfn] ck/fw lgoGq0f;“u} ei6frf/ Go"gLs/0fsf nflu klg sfd ug] { atfpg'eof] .
B.Sc. CSIT df gof“ egf{ v'Nof] Û
g]kfne/Ldf ;jf]{Ts[i6 glthf NofpFb} k6s–k6s !))Ü l/hN6;lxt TU 6k x'g ;kmn o; clDas]Zj/L SofDk; 3f]/fxL, bfªdf B.Sc. CSIT kyd jif{df @)&$ Aofrsf] nflu kj]z k/LIff cfj]bg kmf/fd v'Nnf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+. fM ;+Vofq kmf/fd ljt/0f l;ª\un b:t'/M @)&$ efb !$ ut] . 6 L ; hgfd kmf/fd ljt/0f 8an b:t'/M @)&$ efb !( ut] . #^ kj]z k/LIffM @)&$ efb @$ ut] !@M)) ah] . z}lIfs of]UotfM cfO{=P:;L= jf ±@ lj1fg ljifo / sDKo"6/ cf]e/l;o/ pQL0f{ . gf]6M TU n] k'gM kj]z k/LIff lng] 5}g / kj]z k/LIffdf pQL0f{nfO{ dfq egf{ ul/g]5 . k'gZrM zlgjf/ / ;fj{hlgs labfsf] lbgdf klg kmf/fd el/g]5 .
clDas]Zj/L SofDk; 3f]/fxL, bfª kmf]gM )*@–%^#%$%, (*$(&@$##%, (*$$(#@!*!, (*@@(^#@$$
lgz'Ns tflnd ÛÛÛ tkfO{ xfdf] zx/ ahf/df ;} 3fnL 6] «lgª ;] G6/ s] GbLo sfof{no bfª / uf} / Lz+s/ cf] e/l;h kf=ln= afGr bfªsf] ;o'Qm of] hgfdf oxL ldlt @)&$ efb !@ ut] b] lv !% lbg] lgMz'Ns tflnd ;~rfngdf cfPsf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpb5f} + . egf{ v'Nnf ul/Psf] 5 .
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bfªdf o:tf] 5, lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f o'uaf] w ;dfrf/bftf
klxnf] r/0fdf #@ / bf] ;f] df $% lhNnfdf lgjf{rg lgjf{rg cfof] un] kltlglw;ef / kb] z;efsf] lgjf{rg b'O{ r/0fdf ;DkGg ug{] laxLjf/ lg0f{o u/] sf] 5 . !) d+l;/df klxnf] r/0fdf lxdfnL / pRr kxf8L #@ lhNnf tyf @! d+l;/df kxf8L / t/fO{sf $% lhNnfdf b'a} lgjf{rg Ps;fy ;DkGg ul/g] cfof] uåf/f hf/L lj1lKtdf pNn] v 5 . cfof] usf cg';f/ klxnf] r/0fdf kb] z g+= ! sf ;f] n'v'Da', ;+v'jf;ef, ef] hk'/ , cf] vn9'+uf, tfKn] h'ª, kf“ry/ / vf] 6fªdf lgjf{rg x'g] 5 . o:t} , kb] z g+= # sf g'jfsf] 6, /;'jf, wflbª, l;Gw'kfNrf] s, bf] nvf / /fd] 5fk, kb] z g+= $ sf d': tfª, DofUbL, afUn'ª, dgfª, ndh'ª / uf] / vf, kb] z g+= % sf ¿s'd -k"jL{ efu_ / /f] Nkfdf ;f] xL r/0fdf r'gfj x'g] 5 . o;} u/L, kb] z g++= ^ sf ¿s'd -klZrd efu_, hfh/sf] 6, x'Dnf, d'u', h'Dnf, sfnLsf] 6 / 8f] Nkf tyf kb] z af“sL clGtd k] hdf:
u'08fubL{nfO{ tx nufp“5' M PcfOhL nfdf
vfg gkfP/ af9LkLl8tsf] d[To' q s'df/ >] i7
sfuhft cfof] usf ;b:o;lrjn] lgjf{rg cfof] udf a'emfpg' kg{] sfg'gL Joj:yf /x] sf] 5 . ;fy} If] q lgwf{/ 0f cfof] uaf6 kfKt ePsf clen] v tyf sfuhft kd'v cfo'Qm ofbjn] cfjZos sf/jfxLsf nflu cfof] usf ;lrj dx] Zj/ Gof} kfg] nfO{ kbfg ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfg"g agfpg eg] s] xL sl7gM sfg"gdGqL sfg"gdGqL o1axfb'/ yfkfn] kb] z / kltlglw;efsf] r'gfj sfg"g cefjs} sf/0f g/f] lsg] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . oBlk sfg"g agfpg s] xL sl7g /x] sf] pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . sf+u] ; ;f+;bs} sf/0f ;+;bsf] /fHoJoj:yf ;ldltaf6 ljw] os cl3 ga9] sf] u'gf;f] ;fj{hlgs ePsf] a] nf sf+u] ;sf] tkm{af6 ;/sf/df kltlglwTj ug] { dGqL yfkfn] lgjf{rgsf] nflu rflxg] P] g tyf sfg"gsf] cefjn] kb] z / kltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg g/f] lsg] atfpg'eof] . …lgjf{rgnfO{ rflxg] P] g tyf sfg'gx? pknAw u/fpgsf nflu s] xL l9nf;': tL cjZo ePs} xf] t/ lgjf{rg cfof] u k"0f{?kdf cfZj:t /xf] ;\ ls sfg"g cefjsf sf/0f lgjf{rg s'g} klg xfntdf /f] lsb} gÚ– pxf‘“n] eGg'eof] – … sfg"g agfpg] sfd k;ndf uP/ /] l8d] 8 sk8f lsg] h:tf] ;lhnf] 5} g, o;df emd] nfx? cjZo 5g\ .Ú
sd{rf/L cfjZostf
3f] / fxL, !% ebf} . cfufdL lgjf{rgdf bfªdf ;+3Lo kltlglw;ef lgjf{rg tLg / kb] z lgjf{rg If] q 5 sfod ul/Psf] 5 . lgjf{rg If] q lgwf{/ 0f cfof] un] ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfPsf] kltj] bgdf kltlglw;efsf nflu tLg / kb] z;efsf nflu 5j6f lgjf{rg If] qdf ljefhg ul/Psf] xf] . h;cg';f/ ;+3Lo kltlglw;ef lgjf{rgsf nflu If] q g+= ! df u9jf ufp“kflnsf, /fKtL ufp“kflnsf, /fhk'/ ufp“kflnsf, ndxL gu/kflnsf / 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f g+= !, @, # / % k/] sf 5g\ . of] If] qdf b] pv'/ L k"/ } ;fljs /fdk'/ , tNnf] nIdLk'/ / wgf{ If] q g+= ! df k/] sf 5g\ . x/] s Ps ;+3Lo lgjf{rg If] qleq b'O{ kb] z lgjf{rg If] q lgwf{/ 0f ul/Psf] 5 . h;cg';f/ kb] z If] q g+= ! df /fKtL ufp‘“kflnsf, u9jf ufp“kflnsf / /fhk'/ ufp‘kflnsfsf j8f g+= !, @ / # k/] sf 5g\ eg] kb] z If] q g+= @ df ndxL gu/kflnsf, /fhk'/ ufp“kflnsfsf j8f g+= $, %, ^ / & tyf 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f g+= !, @, # / % k/] sf 5g\ . To:t} ;+3Lo kltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu If] q g+= @ df a+unfr'nL ufp“kflnsf, 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f g+= $ / ^ b] lv !( tyf t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f g+= !^, !&, !* / !( k/] sf 5g\ . h;cg';f/ kxf8L ufp“, ;fljs 3f] / fxL, ;fljs dflyNnf] nIdLk'/ , ;fljs lqk'/ x'“b} lahf} / L / dfgk'/ If] q g+= @ df k/] sf 5g\ . If] q g+= @ nfO{ klg b'O{ efudf af“8] / kb] z ;efsf nflu b'O{j6f lgjf{rg If] qx? agfOPsf] 5 . h;cg';f/ kb] z lgjf{rg If] q g+= ! df a+unfr'nL ufp“kflnsf / 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f g+= $, !#, !$, !%, !&, !* / !( /x] sf 5g\ eg] kb] z If] q
g+= @ df 3f] / fxLsf j8f g+= ^, &, *, (, !), !!, !@ / !^, t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f g+= !^, !&, !* / !( /x] sf 5g\ . o;/L x] bf{ 3f] / fxL /tgk'/ ;Dd kb] z lgjf{rg If] q gDa/ ! df /flvPsf] 5 eg] ;/f{b] lv klZrd, ;fljs ;f} l8of/nufotsf If] q kb] z If] q g+= @ df /flvPsf] 5 . ;+3Lo kltlglw;ef lgjf{rg If] q g+= # df t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f g+= !–!%, b+uLz/0f ufp“kflnsf, zflGtgu/ ufp“kflnsf / aaO{ ufp“kflnsf /x] sf 5g\ . If] q g+= # nfO{ klg b'O{ efudf af‘“8] / kb] z ;efsf nflu b'O{ j6f lgjf{rg If] q agfOPsf] 5 . h;cg';f/ If] q g+= ! df t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f g+= #, $, %, ^, &, *, (, !@, !#, !$ / !% /x] sf 5g\ eg] If] q g+= @ df t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f g+= !, @, !), !! / zflGtgu/ ufp“kflnsf, b+uLz/0f ufp“kflnsf / aaO{ ufp“kflnsf /x] sf 5g\ . lhNnfdf /x] sf b'O{ pkdxfgu/kflnsf o;k6ssf] lgjf{rg If] q lgwf{/ 0f cg';f/ 6'lqmPsf 5g\ . 3f] / fxL pkdxfgu/sf rf/j6f j8fx? !, @, # / % If] q g+= ! df k/] sf 5g\ eg] af“sL j8fx? If] q g+= @ df k/] sf 5g\ . To:t} t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/sf j8f g+= !^, !&, !* / !( If] q g+= @ df k/] sf 5g\ eg] af“sL j8fx? If] q g+= # df k/] sf 5g\ . g] kfnu~h klg 6'lqmof] lgjf{rg If] q lgwf{/ 0f cfof] un] g] kfnu~h pkdxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ 6'qm\ofPsf] 5 . af“s] df tLgj6f lgjf{rg If] q to ul/bf g] kfnu~h pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf b'O{j6f j8f cGoq k/] sf 5g\ . g] kfnu~hsf @# j8fdWo] !^ / !& g+= If] q g+= # df k/] sf] 5 . cfof] usf cg';f/, sf] xnk'/ gu/kflnsf, /fKtL;f] gf/L / g/} gfk'/ ufp“kflnsfnfO{ If] q g+= !, g] kfnu~hsf] !^ / !& afx] ssf @! j8f / 8'8'jf ufp“kflnsfnfO{ af“sL clGtd k] hdf: