GROVE PARK
פארק החורשות
YOAV RONAT
GROVE PARK Architecture senior thesis project
Project by Yoav Ronat Supervisor Prof. Arch. Danny Lazar Tel Aviv University July 2016
GROVE PARK Table of contents
Grove Park
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Language & Space
Wood
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Main Material
Parametric Design
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Main Technique
Grove Park
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Site
Program
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Co-Working Space & Innovation Museum
Co-Working Space
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North-Western Corner
The connecting route
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Park Centre
Innovation Museum
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South-Eastern Corner
Grove Park
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Urban Plan
Model photography by Yair Meyuhas
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Co-Working Spaces
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Park Centre
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Innovation Museum
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Grove Park - Urban Plan
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GROVE PARK A DETAIL that creates a language | A SYSTEM that creates a space The visitor's perception of space and the environment of a building, a city or nature itself, is meaningful even for those who experience it subconsciously. Often the development of the architectural detail is what creates the main experience- it controls the visual space, the flow of light and air, the size of the variable spaces and so on. These details give the building its uniqueness and to the architect the ability to create a meaningful space. The 'Grove Park' project deals with the meaning of the 'detail' as an architectural language and explores the possibility of creating holistic structures as in the "Bottom up" concept. Is it actually possible to design a structure backwards? First the detail then space? The heart of this project is the technological research of advanced design and production techniques, side by side with a feasible solution to the 'Grove Park' in TA.
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WOOD Main Material
While the manufacturing of conventional work materials such as concrete and steel make up a significant percentage of the global pollution, wood absorbs pollution and does not threaten the environment. It enables the construction of complex projects and is suitable for digital production, being cheap and easy to process. Furthermore, many of the principles of the assembly techniques encourage recycling and reduce waste. This project explores various types of joints which are produced by a digital cutting machine. This technology enables the production of elements that connect accurately and it is how wood can be used in places which lack highly developed building techniques such as in Israel. The assembling process is planed by the architect and executed the same as the steel works in Israel.
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PARAMETRIC DESIGN Main Technique
Parametric design is a process based on logical thinking using mathematical operations to create geometry. The known platform in use is 'Grasshopper' which is a ‘visual programming language' used to create complex geometric elements based on multiple complex calculations made by the computer. This design technique is very accurate and is suitable for the use of digital cutting machines.
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Experiments in digital joints and constructive systems Each model examine a different joint and system
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Illegal occupation
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Archiological preservation site
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Teva preliminary school
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Herzel
The Russian church
Animal rescue Grove Park phase 1 Gorenstein community center
Court medical institution Illegal occupation Be
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GROVE PARK Site
The "Grove Park" in south TA is in the heart of urban renewal. Thousands of residential units are planned to replace the nearby industrial areas, so that in the future the park will become an important 'green lung' for the city. Phase 1 of the renewal of the park was finished in 2013 by 'Aaronson architects'. The successful design, based on a detailed master-plan, is a high quality base but at this point, it does not fulfill its potential due to the highly industrialized neighborhoods and the too distant residential areas- the park is mostly abandoned.
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Co-Working Spaces
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PROGRAM Co-Working space & Innovation Museum
The project utilizes the unauthorized settled areas as part of the regeneration of the park and proposes communal building in order to renew the activity in the park. The proposal is an attraction locally and nationally, as is appropriate to the size and urban importance of the park. The program focuses on two areas in the high-tech world. Product development and its presentation. Thus the intervention in the park is on three levels- developing a co-work space, exhibiting in the innovative museum and on the centre of the park being the incorporating element. The project refers to future housing programs and the existing master plan of 'Aaronson architects' as a given situation.
Innovation Museum
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CO-WORKING SPACE The North West corner
The reality on site reveals a significant historical layer; ruins of well-houses and the parcelling plan of Abu Kabir, an old village that was abandoned and completely destroyed during the War of Independence in 1948. Ignoring this story is as strong a position as to resurface the story. The project corresponds with the historic routes in the area, while it is divided into separate structural units with inner patios.
A British map from 1918
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Co-Working spaces site plan
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The program of the buildings is based on Co-working principles that permits different users to visit and work on site.
Cross movement diagram
Herzel st. facade offers retail spaces and Kibbutz Galuyot st. facade offers a continuous walkway to the park
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The squares on top of the hill act as a focal point surrounding public buildings such as a library, conference hall, gym and more
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Co-Working spaces - West elevation
Co-Working spaces - South elevation
Co-Working spaces - North elevation
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Office envelope facade detail Design & Assembly
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Double Skin | “Open Source”
In order to reach a uniformed but diverse language, a parametric skin was developed to answer various needs according to the principles of an “open source” - the system is based on parametric modules that are custom made by the users of the space. The design was made with parametric tools and the production with digital cutting machines.
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Double Skin | Section
The system consists of two layers enabling airflow in accordance with the ‘Solar chimney’ principle - a vertical shaft utilizing solar energy to enhance the natural stack ventilation through the building. In order to introduce natural light into the basement, the inside skin moves away from the wall curling in.
Hot air release
Shades Fresh air
Hot air
MEP
Vents
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Double Skin | Systems layers Furniture modules
Main frame
Interior skin
Exterior skin
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Design Process | Parametric environment
The envelope was designed using a parametric design tool called Grasshopper. This works the same way as computer programming language codes, and enables the creation of complex and flexible systems, with all the complicated calculations done by the computer. This design technique is highly accurate so that the best way to manufacture the products is through digital production methods. The envelope is made of parts that are digitally produced by a machine for cutting wood and metals called CNC and is assembled at the construction site. The assembly process is free of adhesive and could easily be disassembled and recycled.
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Design Process | 1. Base surfaces modelling Base plane surfaces Interior skin
The code works so that each system operates between two surfaces, in order to fully control the design of the mass between each layer. Initially, the plane surfaces are being placed to form the centre of the enveloping mass. Henceforth, the remaining surfaces are designed in accordance with the conditions on site - the location and depth of the basement floor, the design of the front for shading, and the design of the work stations according to the interior space.
Exterior skin
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Design Process | 2. Grid design for various modules Standard cells for work stations, open shelves and cabinets Narrow cells for storage and cladding systems Wide cells for double working stations, benches and large storage areas
At this stage, the primary mass is divided into a three-dimensional grid according to the desired uses. The code allows a flexible distribution upon the curved surface and each cell designs itself accordingly.
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Design Process | 3. Choosing the modules for inner cladding
Glass window
The interior skin cladding is made up of four different modules that enable transparency, opacity, shading and air ventilation. Opaque surface
Each module adjusts to the size and shape of the selected cell. The division of the modules is according to the various uses of the interior space and the direction of the various faรงades. The northern facade is more exposed and the rest are shaded as needed.
Horizontal shading
Vertical shading
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Design Process | 4. Choosing the modules for furniture - “Open Source�
Three shelves
The furniture system is also composed of different modules that adapt themselves to the changing cells. Here are some solutions for storage, display, seating and work. Â The system is open to additional designs according to the concept of "open source" - each designer can offer his own unique solutions and replace the old module with new by dismantling and assembling.
Two shelves
Sitting bench
Working station
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Assembly process | 1. A casting of a concrete base
The base functions as a bearing wall that enables underground excavation. In addition, there are holes in the wall that serve as a preparation for steel connectors, and also, a sitting bench.
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Assembly process | 2. Building a wooden floor - basement level
The space under the floor allowing the layout of MEP systems such as electricity, plumbing and air conditioning.
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Assembly process | 3. Fastening steel connectors to the wall
Assembling vertical steel connectors to stabilize the base of the envelope.
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Assembly process | 4. Fastening steel connectors to the floor
Assembling horizontal steel joints to help stabilize the envelope against lateral loads.
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Assembly process | 5. Construction of a layered columns unit
The construction system consists of layered column units to withstand loads and provide the required strength. Each unit is customized in size and shape to its specific location in the grid and contains preparations for the various modules.
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The stages of assembling the unit
The different layers allow the use of hidden joints that connect the various parts and give the unit a whole, continuous look.
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Assembly process | 6. Connecting the column unit
The unit has suitable preparations for the steel joints that stabilize it on two axes.
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Assembly process | 7. Adding horizontal beams
Between the units of the various columns are horizontal beams that create structural frames which are suitably prepared for the various modules.
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Assembly process | 8. Adding additional column unit
Each unit is assembled separately near the site and brought for assembly when ready.
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Assembly process | 9. Completion of the frame
In a similar process, all units are assembled for the completion of the system.
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Assembly process | 10. Preparing the modules for the inner skin
The various modules are assembled near the site. Each module is unique to a specific cell and numbered accordingly. Despite the curvature of the base surfaces, the various units are constructed from planar surfaces only so that they can be easily produced using a digital cutting machine.
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Assembly process | 11. Completion of the interior cladding layer
The whole envelope is based on the principles of dry assembly. The various modules connect without any adhesives, and at any time you can replace an old module with another new same / different module.
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Assembly process | 12. Preparing the furniture modules
Assembling the furniture modules is done near the site. All units can be manufactured using a digital cutting machine.
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Assembly process | 13. Completion of the interior furniture layer
The various modules connect without any adhesives, and at any time you can replace an old module with a new same / different module. The parametric design environment allows the user to design numerous additional modules for various purposes and according to his needs closed cabinets, locked cells, work surfaces for art and more.
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Assembly process | 14. Building a wooden floor - ground level
Once the basement system has been completed, it is possible to build the floor of the next level above it. The stage of assembling the modules can be postponed even after the entire frame has been constructed.
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Assembly process | 15. Assembling the columns of the facade
At this stage, the front columns are assembled using steel joints for concrete and stabilized with temporary scaffolding.
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Assembly process | 16. Steel frames
Connecting steel frames in preparation for the curtain wall of the exterior skin. Including horizontal shading and ventilation openings.
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Assembly process | 17. Steel joints
Add steel joints to connect the structural frame.
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Assembly process | 18. Steel cables
Adding a system of steel cables to strengthen the system against side loads.
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Assembly process | 19. Glass panels
Completing the exterior skin using radiation-proof glass.
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Assembly process | 20. Fastening the steel joints
Assembling horizontal steel joints to the floor to stabilize the envelope against side forces.
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Assembly process | 21. Assembling a column unit
Similar to the process of assembling the basement floor - continue with the various units.
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Assembly process | 22. Adding horizontal beams
Connecting horizontal beams to create structural frames.
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Assembly process | 23. Completion of the frame
Completion of the ground level construction system.
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Assembly process | 24. Completion of the interior cladding
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Assembly process | 25. Completion of the interior furniture systems
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Assembly process | 26. Building a wooden floor - first level
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Assembly process | 27. Completion of the various interior systems
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Developing one office unit
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Retail
Such a structure works as a single unit, exploiting the topography to enable exterior spaces and balconies on different levels
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The interior contains various functions in addition to the general work environment program, for example, meeting rooms separated by glass partitions.
+1 Level plan
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Meeting room
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Open work stations fill the space centres, as well as quiet work areas separated by glass partitions.
Ground Level plan
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Quiet room Circulation core and WC
Entrance
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In addition, this structure contains a conference hall, lectures and a kitchenette for personal use.
-1 Level plan
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Conference hall
Kitchenette
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The various levels allow for mixed uses of various programs, such as a commercial stores on the bottom floor which is separated from the rest of the building and has a separate entrance.
-2 Level plan
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Retail
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In the longitudinal section, you can see how the structure sits within the topography and the views between the large spaces.
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In the cross-section, you can see the connection between the various spaces in the inner courtyards.
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South-west corner - open work stations
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An internal patio and a public courtyard
Meeting room
Entrance hall and open work stations
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Small semi-public balcony
Internal patio
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Work space and balcony exit
Open working space
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South facade
Retail unit
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West facade
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North-East facade
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South facade on night time
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Lavon
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The connecting route Park Centre
In the centre of the park we find the remains of the ‘Well Houses’. The design refers to the structures as pavilions generating action around them. The main intervention was with a small courtyard ‘Well house’. Although the site is abandoned nowadays, it is an important link between the work area and the museum complex. The dome structure on site was the basis for developing a new roof and shading system for the yard.
A structure of cross vaults
A well house for preservation - Cortilla
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This is an example of a flexible system that is capable to create the curved shape of a dome. The shape of the joints allowing a locking system which deals with forces of stretching, shearing and bending in two axes.
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Another system that was tested as an alternative to the dome is a system called Reciprocal. This system is based on the assembly of beams that rest on each other and carry the loads in a circular manner.
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House of the Cortella Well - Roof Plan
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A field of structural trees was found to be the most suitable for the site. A shading design system covers the entire yard and the small building. The arched grid formed in the structure continues outward without competing with the existing structure. This building is a visitors’ centre and cafÊ in the heart of the park.
Section A-A
Section B-B
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Detail of a column from the roof of the courtyard of the well house
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Column detail - close-up
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Innovation museum the south east corner
Examination of documentation and aerial photographs discovered historical ‘Well Houses’ under the shacks and scrap yards. The preservation of these structures was part of the original planning and were designated to become various showrooms.
A British aerial photograph from 1949
A well house for preservation
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Museum of Innovation - view from the south east
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East facade
North facade
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A view at the public path that crosses the complex
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Museum of Innovation - General Plan
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The pedestrians movement on site is based on ramps, bridges and underground passages that allow continuity between the different structures without the need for steps and also enable free public movement through the project via the park to the street.
Internal movement scheme
Public movement scheme
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Museum of Innovation - view from the south
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Museum of Innovation - Level +2 Plan
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The display area is based on an open space plan - the objects are scattered and the visitors wander around them. The slopes are designated for the disabled and pedestrians.
Between the curved areas, there are large levelled areas designated for display. The curved surface enables various uses such as an auditorium, benches, playgrounds and so on.
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Museum of Innovation - Level +1 Plan
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The connections of bridges and underground passages allow continuity between the various structures and the 'Well houses' remain part of the exhibit and the continuous movement.
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Museum of Innovation - Ground Level Plan
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On the ground floor level, one can see through the old 'Well house' the entrance hall, the underground passages and the boulevard of shops leading to Ben Zvi road.
Dining area
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Entrance
Retail units
Museum of history
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The floor detail development As part of the study, various techniques for bending wood were examined by means of a digital cutting machine. Thanks to the pattern the strain created during the bending is distributed among the different pieces and avoid collapse. Each pattern bends in a different way and gives different qualities to the wood.
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The chosen pattern is the one which received the parametric manipulations in the best way possible. Using mapping techniques that calculate the curvature of the surface, the pattern can be folded to allow bending in the curved areas. Mean curvature calculates curvature in one direction, as paper bent. While the Gaussian curvature calculates curvature in two directions and allows greater freedom.
2D Pattern
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Gaussian curverture
Mean curverture
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The detail is based on a Truss principle which creates static width allowing the passage of various systems. The shape is obtained by bonding the surfaces for which two types of joints were examined: Rigid which prevents movement and Pin which enables a circular movement. A Rigid-Rigid joint requires a connection perpendicular to the surface thus creating curved members that weaken the structure. The bearing column is perpendicular to the base but changes direction to adapt to the surface.
Rigid - Rigid Joint
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Rigid to Rigid truss joints
Rigid joint column detail
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A Rigid—Pin joint enables vertical members but adapts to the curvature of the lower surface, therefore become diagonal. The bearing column with a pin joint is unstable without cables.
Rigid - Pin Joint
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Rigid to Pin truss joints
Pin joint column detail
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A Pin-Pin joint enables vertical members but requires cross cables to obtain stability. The bearing column with a triple fitting joint enables an extremely stable structure. This form of the column became a central motif in the structure.
Pin - Pin Joint
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Pin to Pin truss joints
Tri - Pin joint column detail
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Rigid - Rigid truss joint
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Section A-A
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The old well as an indoor patio, and the connections of the structures underground and above allowing cross public movement.
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Section B-B
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The connection to the well house in the centre, the double sized spaces in the right structure and the underground auditorium, while every structure has its own staircase and elevator allowing vertical movement.
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Section C-C
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The office and gallery structure on the left, and a boulevard of shops which is separated from the museum traffic on the right.
The museum of history and the museum of innovation above it
An example of the curved floor used for sitting
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View from the north to the public entrance gate
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The main entrance to the complex through the old well
A view of the well house and the main entrance to the complex
An example of the curved floor used as an auditorium
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View from the inner courtyard to the south
View from the inner courtyard to the north
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View from the north to the inner patio
A view from the space that surrounds the old well
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The interior patio space and the old well
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View from the west
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View from the inner courtyard to the south
View from the inner courtyard to the east
An example of a double space that allows varying sizes of display
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A balcony to the west
A view from the east to the entrance hall
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An example of a connection between the old well house and the museum
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A view to the glass bridge that crosses the compound
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‘Grove Park‘ is about continuous nourishment of activity and the programmatic relation between the creative and its display.
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The project introduces a non linear work flow which is on one hand an outcome of the building detail and on the other hand a part of the local context.
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Innovation Museum Grove Park - Urban Plan
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Herzel
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