Ar.RAJ REW AL
W e can achi eve al lthe functi onalrequi rements of today,wi thoutl osi ng sense.
BY -YASHAS K PATTANASHETTY
ABOUT-RAJREWAL -Oneoft heI ndi a' sbest knownar chi t ect s,RajRewali sr ecogni zedi nt er nat i onal l yf orbui l di ngst hat r espondsensi t i vi t yt ot hecompl exdemandsofr api dur bani zat i on,cl i mat eandc ul t ur e.I nacount r y t hati sbot hdevel opi ngandi ndust r i al i zed,whosear c hi t ect ur ali nher i t ancei sanci entandr ecentand whosesoci et yi sconser vat i veandpl ur al i st ,Rewal ' swor kcombi nessophi st i cat edt echnol ogyanda senseofhi st or yandcont ext ,i mpar t ednotonl ybydesi gnbutbyl ocalmat er i als uchasochr eand r osesandst one,evoki ngt hegr eatMogulmonument s. -RajRewalhassomet hi ngsi ncommonwi t hhi s cont empor ar i essuchasBVDoshi ,AchyutKanvi nde-br oken upf or ms,opencour t yar ds,soci abl el i vi ngandwor ki ng envi r onment s.
FamousPr oj ec t s Asi anGamesVi l l age Pr agat iMai danExhi bi t i onCompl ex,NewDel hi , TheFr enchEmbassySt af fQuar t er s,NewDel hi TheShi ekhSar ai Housi ngf ort heDel hiDevel opmentAut hor i t y , NewDel hi , TheGr apeci t yAJapaneseSof t war eCent r e,Noi daandt heI smai l i Cent r e,Li sbon,Por t ugal TheNat i onalCent r ef orBi ol ogi calSci ences,Bangal or e,
Model ,Hal l ofNat i ons( 1971–1972) ,NewDel hi , I ndi a
Bi ogr aphy-Ar chi t ectRajRewal -Hecompl et edar chi t ect ur ei n1954f r om Del hiSchoolofAr chi t ect ur eandt henwentt oEngl and. -Af t ercompl et i ngt hepostgr aduat i oni nAr chi t ect ur e;i n19551961,hemovedt oLondonandat t ended t hear chi t ect ur alassoci at i onofar chi t ect ur ef oroneyear .Hecompl et edhi sf or malpr of essi onalt r ai ni ng att heBr i xt onschoolofbui l di ng,London. -RajRewalt ookuphi sf i r stj obasanassi st antst agemanagerf orsever alavant egr adet heat r e pr oduct i oni nLondon.Hebecameanassoci at eoft heRoyalI nst i t ut eofBr i t i shAr chi t ect s,London. -Hesetuphi sownar chi t ect ur alpr act i cei n1962whenher et ur nedbackt oDel hi .I n196372,het aught att heDel hiSchoolofAr chi t ect ur e.Heopenedhi ssecondAr c hi t ect ur alOf f i ceatTehr an,I r ani n1974. Ram Shar mawashi sassoci at ei nt hef oundat i onoft heAr chi t ect ur alResear c hCel li n1985.I n1986, hebecamet hecur at oroft heexhi bi t i on“ Tr adi t i onal Ar chi t ect ur ei nI ndi a”f ort hef est i valofI ndi ai n Par i s. Hehasr ecei vedamongmanyot herhonour s,t heGol dMedalf r om I ndi anI nst i t ut eofAr chi t ect sand t heRober tMat hewAwar df r om t heCommonweal t hAssoci at i onsofAr chi t ect s. RajRewali sr ecogni zedi nt er nat i onal l yf orbui l di ngst hat r espondsensi t i vi t yt ot hecompl exdemands ofr api dur bani zat i on,cl i mat eandcul t ur e Rewal ' swor kcombi nessophi st i cat edt echnol ogyandasenseofhi st or yandcont ext ,i mpar t ednotonl y by desi gnbutbyl ocalmat er i alsuchasochr eandr osesandst one,evoki ngt hegr eatMogulmonument s
Phi l osphy EachofRewal ' sBui l di ngscommuni cat esi ncl eart er mst heessenceofi t sar chi t ec t ur e. Rewal hast r i edt oexpr essanewsenseofvocabul ar yt hatf usesur bani sm andar chi t ect ur e. Hehast r i edt odef i neagr ammarbasedont went i et hcent ur yt echnol ogyt hatwi l l achi evet he r i chness,var i et y ,cl i mat i csensi t i vi t y ,scal eandgeomet r i caldi sci pl i net hat hehasper cei vedi ngr eat ur bancompl exesoft hepastsuchasJai sal mer andJai pur . Ont heext er nalper i met er ,t heupperf l oor sover hangt ocr eat edeepshadows. Thr oughout ,wi ndows ar edeepl yr ecessedt oshi el dt hei nt er i orf r om t hesungl ar eandgi vet hebui l di nganal mostscul pt ur al ar t i cul at i on."
MORPHOLOGYOFOLDTOWNSI NTOA CONTEMPORARYEQUI VALENT .( SHEI KH SARAIMASSHOUSI NG COMPLEX)
BUI LDI NGSSHOULDRESPONDTO COMPLEXDEMANDSOFRAPI DURBANI SATI ON, CLI MATE&CUL TURE.
FEATURES •CLUSTERI NG OFBUI LDI NGS( ASI ANGAMES VI LLAGE) •COURTYARDSPROVI DI NG PUBLI CSPACEWI THI N THEBUI LDI NG.( ASI ANGAMESVI LLAGE) •SCATTEROFTERRACESPERMI TTI NG YET ANOTHERSETOFACTI VI TI ES(SHEI KHSARAI HOUSI NG)
WI NDOW OPENI NGSCONSTI TUTEA MODERNI NTERPRETATI ONOFCARVED J ALI SI NANCI ENTBUI LDI NGS
-Thest at et r adi ngcor por at i ont ower,i nt hehear tofnewdel hibui l ti n1976,us es ast r uct ur alconceptast hebasi sofar chi t ect ur alf or m. -Rewalhast unedt heext er nalwal lofal t er nat ef l oori nt ospeci albeamswi t hhol es i ni t ssi des,cal l edavi er endeelgi r der .Wi ndowsar epl acedi nt hel i t t l ehol est hat t hebeam al l ows. -Al ongwi t hbei ngst r uct ur al l yi nnovat i ve,Rewal shousi ngandi nst i t ut i onal compl exeshaveagr eat eri mpactonI ndi a' smoder ni sm.
St at et r adi ngc or por at i ont ower , NewDel hi
-Hest ackedapar t ment ssot hatt heupperf l oorf oot pr i ntwasashi f t edbyamodul e wi t hr espectt ot hel owerf l oor ,gi vi ngt heupperf l oort hei rownt er r aces. -Al socr eat i nggat ewaysoverpedest r i anspacesf orgat her i ngs.Thi smodelhasbeen r epl i cat edbyDDAi nVasantKunj1980-onwar ds. -Usi ngt hepr i nci pl eoft r adi t i onalar chi t ect ur ei nRaj ast han,suchaspr oj ect i ng upperf l oor s,j al iwal l s,sandst oneandRCCf orcl addi ng.
Br i t i s hhi ghc ommi s s i onhous i ng,NewDel hi
Engi neer ' shous i ng,NewDel hi
ASI AN GAMES VI LLAGE,NEW DELHI Ar.RAJ REW AL
ASI ANGAMESVI LLAGE, NEW DELHI-1982 -Asi angamesvi l l agei samul t i f ami l yhousi ngpr oj ectl ocat edi nDel hidesi gnedbyr enowned ar chi t ectRajRewal .Rewalusedmoder nar chi t ect ur es t yl ei nt heAsi angamesvi l l age.i n Asi angameshousi ng,t heur banpat t er nofJai purandJai sal merhasbeenexpl oi t ed. Pr oj ectname Locat i on Ar chi t ect Bui l di ngt ype no.ofuni t s Si t ear ea Year
-Asi angamesvi l l age -Del hi ,i ndi a -RajRewal -Housi ng -700 -35acr es -198082
-Asi angamesvi l l agei sf i r stofi t ski ndi nt hegameser i est ohouseat hl et esoft heAsi an games.Bui l t sont her emai nsoft he15t hcent ur ykhi l j idynast yofSi r if or t . -Thecompl exi ssi t uat edi nsi r if or tar eanearhauzkhasvi l l age,Del hi. -Thesi t ei ssur r oundedbySi r if or tspor t scompl exont henor t her nsi de,shahpurj atvi l l age ont hesout her nsi de,agr eenbel tont heeast er nsi de. -Thecompl exhasacommonent r yandexi tgat ewhi chconnect st ot hemai nr oad. Si t eI nt r oduc t i on
CONCEPT As i angamesv i l l ager es embl esat r adi t i onal v i l l ageandi ti sc ompar edwi t h c i t ys uc hasj ai s al mer . -Thesequenceofopenspacesi nt er l i nkedwi t hnar r owpedest r i anst r eet sshadedandk eptal i ve t hr oughacar ef ulmi xwi t hr ecr eat i onalandcommunalar eas. -500housi nguni t swer edesi gnedasagr ouphousi ngi n35acr es. -I nt heAsi adHousi ng,t heur banpat t er nofJai purandJai sal merhas beenexpl or ed. wor kofst r eet sandsquar eswi t hvehi cul araccessatei t herendoft hesi t e,i t smor phol ogy -Anet r esembl esat r adi t i onalvi l l age. -Thehi er ar chyofCour t yar dsi spr esentatdi f f er entl evel soft hecompl ex.Thecompl exconsi st sof 700housi nguni t soutofwhi ch200wer ei ndi vi dualhousesand500apar t ment swhi chvar yf r om 2t o 4st or yst r uct ur es. Courtyard Space
Cl uster Pl anni ng
Desi gnf eat ur est hatusedi nAsi angamesvi l l age. . -Cl ust er i ngofbui l di ngs. -Cour t yar dpr ovi di ngpubl i cspacewi t hi nt hebui l di ng. Scat t er i ngoft er r acescr eat i ngani nt er act i vespace. -St r eet sar enar r ow,shadedbr okenupi nt osmal luni t scr eat i ngpauses,poi nt sofr est , andchangi ngpoi nt s. Gr eenar easandCour t yar dsar espr eadal lovert hesi t ewhi chcanbeaccessedf r om al mostal lsi desoft hesi t e. Ter r acest hatar ef or medpr ovi desemi pr i vat espacewhi chobvi ousl yr emi ndst he char act er i st i csofhousesofJai sal mer . Vehi cul arandpedest r i anmovementi ssegr egat edbutc l osel yi nt er l i nkedf or conveni ence Per i pher alr oadsar econnect edt ocul desacpar ki ngar easwher ei tgi vesaccesst o di vi dualgar agesorcarpor chesat t achedt ohousesorapar t mentbl ocks. Thepar ki ngspacei sont hegr oundonl yandhasnobasementorst i l tf ort hesame.
Cl ust er sofAsi angamesvi l l age -Thebasi cuni tof4apar t menti sdesi gnedi nsuchawayt hati ti sl i nkedwi t ht heCour t yar di nbet ween t ocr eat eavar i et yofi nt er l i nki ngspaces. -Thecent r alspi neoft heAsi angamesvi l l agei sr eser vedf ort hepedest r i ancour t sandst r eet sof var i ouscl ust er s. -Each2bhkf l at sf acesani nt er nalCour t yar d -Asmal lcl ust erhas2apar t ment sononel evelser vedbyasi ngl ecor e. -At wosmal lcl ust ershar eaCour t yar d. -3set soft wocl ust er seachmakeabi gcl ust er . -Thi scl ust erf acest heCour t yar dwhi chi nt er nal l yconnect ed -Thecombi nat i onofvar i ousdwel l i ngt ypeI nanur banpat t er nofunusualdi ver si t ymakest heAsi an gamesvi l l agequi t er emar kabl e. -Thepubl i cCour t yar daccommodat esamul t i pl eofact i vi t i esl i kef est i val s,mar r i ages,pl ayi ngar ea. -I t smor phol ogyr esembl esat r adi t i onalvi l l age,t hecubi csol i d,andvoi dt hatar echar act er i st i csofan I ndi anur banf abr i ccompar edwi t ht heci t ysuchasOl dDel hi . hehousesandapar t ment shaveaccesst opedest r i anencl osur es. -About80% oft -Thei nt er l ocki ngcour t yar dsar epr ovi dedt oaccommodat edi f f er entf unct i onscr eat i ngami cr ocl i mat e f r eef r om dustandheat . -Thedensi t yofAsi angamesvi l l agei s15uni t sperhect or .
Cl ust erDevel opment
Uni tPl anni ng -Eachcl ust erofAsi angamesvi l l agei s4st or i edwi t h3apar t ment s. -Thegr oundf l oorhasat t achedgar ageandst or ageuni twi t hasmal lCour t yar dont heent r ance l eadi ngt ot hemai ndwel l i ng. -Aswer i seupwecanseer ecessi nt hef acadewhi chact sasat er r aceorbal conyf ort heuni t .The 2ndf l oorhasamezzani nef l oorwhi chact sast het hi r df l oorandl eadst ot het er r ace. -Mostoft hevi l l asar econnect edt ot hemai nvehi cul arr oaddi r ect l yandhav eat t achedpar ki ngwi t h t hehousef aci ngt owar dst heSi r if or t sspor t scompl ex.
Gr eenspaces -Asi angamesvi l l agei ssur r oundedbyt heLushofgr eenspacescr eat i ngami cr ocl i mat ewhi ch i nt ur nhel pst or educeheatef f ect . -Theconcepti sbasedi nt hesequenceofopenspacesi nt er l i nkedwi t hnar r owpedest r i an st r eet sshadedandkeptal i vet hr oughacar ef ulmi xwi t hr ecr eat i onalandcommunalar eas.
GREENSPACE
OPENSPACE
I nt er l ocki ngCour t yar ds: Cour t yar dwal l ssur r oundadj oi ni nghouses.Thef r ont ,communalc our t yar di sf or med byj oi ni ngcant i l ever edt oi l etar easont hef i r stf l oor s.Thesespacesbel ongsol el yt ot he sur r oundi ngi nhabi t ant ssot heywi l l i ngl yl ookaf t ert hem.I nt heapar t mentcl ust er s, t her ei sacent r alspacewi t hagat eway ,cour t yar dsatvar i ousl evel s,r ooft er r aces ,and bal coni es-al lover l ooki ngt hei nt er nalspacewi t hwhi cht heyar eal i gned. As i angamesv i l l age
j ai s al mer
Thec ent er al s quarf orc ommuni t ys pac ef orhous i nguni t s
RoofTer r aces: Thei ndi vi dualhousesar el i nkedt oget her ,somet i mesast er r acehousi ngandsomet i mesi ncl ust er s.Thel ar geruni t swer edesi gned ver t i cal l y ,wi t hr ooft er r acesatvar i ousl evel sandcour t y ar dsi nbot ht hef r ontandr ear .Theyusedver ysi mpl eel ement s,sl i t s,et c.on r oofpar apet st opr ovi deai rmovementandst i l lr et ai npr i vacybet weenadj acentuni t s.
Sl i t sonRoofpar apet s
Gat eways: Gat ewaysr evealanot herki ndofspacef ur t heri nt ot hesquar e.TheDevel opmentAut hor i t y ,advi sedt hem nott oputt het oi l et sont opoft hel i vi ng r oom ort heki t chenbecauset heywer eboundt ol eak.Theysuggest edt hatt heycant i l evert hem outovert hest r eetsot hatbr eakdownswoul dbe i mmedi at el ynot i ceabl eandaccessi bl e.Thi st r i ckal sopr ovi dedt hegat eways.
Mat er i al : Abr i efwor daboutf i ni shi ngmat er i al s:cr ushedDel hiquar t zi t est one wasappl i edt ot hesur f acesoft hebui l di ngsasaki ndofpl ast er . Theyr espect edt hest r uct ur albeamsandcol umns;i ncaseof bui l di ngmovement ,cr ackswoul dappearonl yar oundt hej oi nt s.
Ot her : Thecent r alf eat ur eoft hepl ani sadi ni nghal lwhi chhasbeenconver t edi nt o acommer ci alandr ecr eat i onalcompl ex. Wher ef ourst r eet sj oi nt of or m aquadr angl e,amaj orel ement ei t hershopsor ar ecr eat i onalf aci l i t y-i spl acedt ogi veaf ocus.I nonehecover edanel ect r i c subst at i onwi t hst epst omakeaspacef orsi t t i ngorpl ayi ngar ound
I nf er ences: -Ar .RajRewalt r i edt oavoi dr epet i t i onasf araspossi bl e byi nt er l i nki nguni t si nvar i ousways. -I nt heAsi angamesvi l l agehousi ngpr oj ect ,t heper i pher alr oadsar econnect ed t opar ki ngsquar eswhi chr est r i ct st het r af f i ct ocent eroft hesi t e. r alspi neoft hel ayouti sr eser vedf ornar r ow,shaded,pedest r i an -Thecent pat hways.Thel ayoutpl ansf ol l owt r adi t i onalmet hodsofcr eat i ngshadeand cr ossvent i l at i onwhi chhel psi nt hepr ot ect i onf r om ext r emet emper at ur es. -Thehousesar ecl ust er edi nsuchawayt hati tf or msencl osur esandsemi publ i c spacesduet owhi chpeopl ecanmeetout si det hehouse. -Thougheachi ndi vi dualuni torbl ockmi ghtbet hesame,t heel ement sar e l i nkedi ndi f f er entwayst ocr eat edi f f er entki ndsofspat i alencl osur eswhi ch def i nesvehi cul arandpedest r i anmovement . -Thecr eat i onoft het r adi t i onalnar r owst r eet ,l i nki ngal lt hehousi nguni t s, pr ovi desf ori nt i mat eencount er sbet weenpeopl eandasenseofbel ongi ngt o t henei ghbor hoodsquar et husi ncr easi ngi nt er act i ons.Thepl anconsi st sofa cent r alcour tandot hercour t yar dsatvar i ousl evel swhi chst epst omakeaspace f orsi t t i ng,pl ayi ngar oundorsoci algat her i ngs. -For malgeomet r yal l owsi nonesyst em al lt hemaj orel ement sofdesi gncent r alspace,pr i vat ecour t yar ds,r ooft er r ace,andagat eway-andbot h semi publ i candpr i vat espaces. -Par apetont her ooft er r aceswer eaddedwi t hel ement s,suchassi l t s,t o pr ovi deai rmovementandst i l lr et ai npr i vacy .
Wher ef ours t r eet sj oi nedt of or m aqua dr a ngl e-ama j orel ementwa s pl a c edt ogi v ef oc usa ndi tf or medas pa c ef ors oc i a l ga t her i ngsorpl a y gr ounds , et c .
Ref r enc e: ht t ps : / / www. s c i enc edi r ec t . c om/ s c i enc e/ a r t i c l e/ pi i / S 2095263519300780 ht t ps : / / a r c hi t ec t opedi a . c om/ a s i a nga mes v i l l a geby r a j r ewa l a r c hi t ec t ur e/ Ra j Rewa l -Howi sModer nAr c hi t ec t ur eI n uenc edbyT r a di t i ona l Ar c hi t ec t ur e-Ar t i c l e
Y AS HASKP ATT ANAS HETTY
Iam,of course,aware of the gl obalcurrents butIfeelwe have to fi nd our own sol uti ons. YASHAS K PARTTANASHETTY
