glencore everyday commodities
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coal, around half of which is exported. The mine is managed in a joint venture with ARM Coal. Finally, Izimbiwa Coal, 100 per cent owner of five mines near Middelburg and Kendal (Graspan, Townlands, Bankfontein, Leeuwfontein and Lakeside mines). Coal is sold both to the domestic market and exported through the Richards Bay Coal Terminal.
Ferrochrome alloys
Glencore is one of the world’s largest and lowest-cost producers of chrome ore, ferrochrome and vanadium, and also markets manganese ore and alloys. The company’s chromite assets are held through a majority stake in the Glencore–Merafe Chrome Venture, and its vanadium assets via a majority shareholding in the Rhovan-Bakwena Vanadium Venture. Through the Glencore-Merafe Chrome Venture, the company interests include the Helena, Magareng and Thorncliffe chrome mines, situated on the Eastern
Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, the Waterval and Kroondal chrome mines near Rustenburg on the Western Limb of the Complex and the Rietvly silica mine, an open-cast operation, situated near Rustenburg. Rhovan is an opencast mine 30km to the north west of Brits in the North West Province of South Africa. The mine primarily produces ferrovanadium and vanadium pentoxide. It also has a number of ferrochrome smelters, the Boshoek, Wonderkop and Rustenburg smelter complexes near Rustenburg use Outokumpu technology. Located in Lydenburg, Mpumalanga, the Lydenburg plant produces ferrochrome which is marketed to producers of stainless and special steel. Lydenburg was the first of Glencore’s operations to use the energy-efficient Premus technology. Ore for the smelter comes from the Helena and Thorncliffe mines in the eastern limb of the Bushveld Complex. The Lion smelting complex is located
close to the Helena chrome mine. Investment since 2007 has resulted in this becoming Glencore’s largest proprietary Premus smelter, with 720,000tpa ferrochrome capacity. Premus is designed to reduce electrical energy consumption by using waste gas and heat. Lion’s specific energy consumption is 28% less than the South African average smelter’s energy consumption
Copper and cobalt
Glencore is of the world’s largest producers and marketers of copper, producing 1.45 million tonnes in 2018 and selling 4.5 million tonnes through its marketing business. The company mines and processes copper ore in the key mining regions of Africa, Australia and South America, and sources and recycles copper scrap in North America and Asia, as well as smelting and refining copper around the world. As a major by-product of copper World Mining Magazine www.ogsmag.com
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