Global Development Finance 2003

Page 186

G L O B A L

D E V E L O P M E N T

F I N A N C E

2 0 0 3

the underlying disequilibrium in the external sector. The Dresdner deposits constituted short-term foreign loans, and therefore the maturity of Turkey’s external indebtedness became increasingly short term as the decade progressed, despite earlier rescheduling intended to spread out debt servicing over time. The scheme was withdrawn for a few years, but reintroduced recently. At the end of 2001, such deposits by Turks living in Europe amounted to $10 billion. See Barth and Hemphill (2000).

References Adams, Richard H., Jr. 1993. “The Economic and Demographic Determinants of International Migration in Rural Egypt.” Journal of Development Studies 30(1): 146–67. ———. 1998. “Remittances, Investment, and Rural Asset Accumulation in Pakistan.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, October: 155–73. ———. 2002. “Precautionary Saving from Different Sources of Income: Evidence from Rural Pakistan.” Policy Research Working Paper 2761. World Bank, Washington, D.C. Adelman, Irma, and J. Edward Taylor. 1990. “Is Structural Adjustment with a Human Face Possible? The Case of Mexico.” Journal of Development Studies. 26: 387–407. Bank of Mexico. 1997. The Mexican Economy. Mexico City. Barth, Richard, and William Hemphill. 2000. “Financial Programming and Policy: The Case of Turkey.” International Monetary Fund Institute, Washington, D.C. Bhagwati, Jagdish. 2003. “Borders Beyond Control.” Foreign Affairs 82(1): 98–104. Birks, J. S., I. J. Seccombe, and C. A. Sinclair. 1986. “Migrant Workers in the Arab Gulf: The Impact of Declining Oil Revenues.” International Migration Review, 20(4): 799–814. Boeri, T. and H. Brucker. 2000. “The Impact of Eastern Enlargement on Employment and Wages in the EU Member States.” Unpublished report to the European Commission. Borjas, George J. 1994. “The Economics of Immigration.” Journal of Economic Literature 32(December): 1667–1717. ———. 1999. “Economic Research on the Determinants of Immigration: Lessons for the European Union.” World Bank Technical Paper 438. Washington, D.C. Borjas, George J., R. B. Freeman, and L. F. Katz. 1997. “How Much Do Immigration and Trade Affect Labor Market Outcomes?” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1, Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. Carrington, William, and Enrica Detragiache. 1998. “How Big is the Brain Drain.” IMF Working Paper WP/98/102. International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C. Clark, Ximena, Timothy J. Hatton, and Jeffrey G. Williamson. 2002. “Where Do U.S. Immigrants Come from, and Why?” NBER Working Paper 8998. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass. www.nber.org/papers/w8998.

174

Coppel, Jonathan, Jean-Christophe Dumont, and Ignazio Visco. 2001. “Trends in Immigration and Economic Consequences.” OECD Economics Department Working Papers 284. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. Cornelius. 2001. “Death at the Border: Efficacy and Unintended Consequences of U.S. Immigration Control Policy.” Population and Development Review 27(4): 661–85. Desai, Mihir A., Devesh Kapur, and John McHale. 2001a. “Sharing the Spoils: Taxing International Human Capital Flows.” Unpublished paper. ———. 2001b. “The Fiscal Impact of the Brain Drain: Indian Emigration to the U.S.” Weekly Political Economy Discussion Paper. Harvard University. www. wcfia.harvard.edu/seminars/pegroup. Drinkwater, Stephen. 2002. “Go West? Assessing the Willingness to Move from Central and Eastern European Countries.” Unpublished paper, Department of Economics, University of Surrey, U.K. Elbadawi, I. A., and R. Rocha. 1992. “Determinants of Expatriate Workers’ Remittances in North Africa and Europe.” Policy Research Working Paper WPS 1038. World Bank, Washington D.C. El-Qorchi, Mohammed. 2002. “Hawala.” Finance and Development 39(4). El-Qorchi, Mohammed, Samuel M. Maimbo, and John F. Wilson. 2002. “The Hawala Informal Funds Transfer System: An Economic and Regulatory Analysis.” Processed. El-Sakka, M. I. T., and Robert McNabb. 1999. “The Macroeconomic Determinants of Emigrant Remittances.” World Development 27(8): 1493–1502. Faini, Ricardo. 2001. “Development, Trade, and Migration.” IMF, Washington, D.C. Processed. Findlay, R., and K. H. O’Rourke. 2002. “Commodity Market Integration 1500–2000.” In M. Bordo, A. M. Taylor, and J. G. Williamson, eds., Globalization in Historical Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Gross, D. M. 1999. “Three Million Foreigners, Three Million Unemployed? Immigration and the French Labor Market.” IMF Working Paper WP/99/124. International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C. Hatton, Timothy J., and Jeffrey G. Williamson. 2002. “What Fundamentals Drive World Migration?” NBER Working Paper 9159. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass. International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments Yearbook. Washington, D.C. various issues. International Organization for Migration. 1999. “Return of Qualified African Nationals Programme.” Fact Sheet. July. Kasekende, Louis A. 2000. “Capital Account Liberalization: The Ugandan Experience.” Paper presented at the Overseas Development Institute, June 21, London. Ketkar, Suhas, and Dilip Ratha. 2001. “Development Financing During a Crisis: Securitization of Future Receivables.” Policy Research Working Paper 2582. World Bank, Washington, D.C.


Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.