Conclusion

Improving Targeting Outcomes through Attention to Delivery Systems | 249

BOX 4.7 (continued)

information that can be collected, its uses, the rights of the data “owners,” and procedural elements—such as delays for applicants to allow them to exercise their rights to review, contest, or update their records. Finally, the technological choices for the two registries incorporate several privacy-by-design principles in the way they handle personal data:

• Data minimization (limited information capture for the purpose of establishing identity, anonymized numbering scheme, and minimal transaction records) • User consent and control (consent-based enrollment and authentication, extensive controls over use of identifications (IDs), and data portability) • Data security (encryption of data in motion and at rest and secure offline authentication) • Transparency (notification and real-time awareness of usage with untamperable data and secure and transparent audit records).

a. See Law 18-72 on the targeting system for social assistance programs and the creation of the National Registries Agency (relative au dispositive de ciblage des bénéficiaires des programmes d’appui social et portant création de l’Agence nationale des registres), published in the Official Gazette 6950, August 8, 2020.

Conclusion

Delivery systems matter for targeting outcomes in normal times and in emergencies. This chapter provided a brief treatment of the topic as an overlapping team has recently produced an extensive companion volume on delivery systems (Lindert et al. 2020) and there are many materials already written or in the works on IDs, social registries, payment mechanisms, and adaptive social protection. Analysis and implementation of social protection programs should take these issues into account and consider how the delivery systems contribute to or solve problems in targeting. There is no phase of the delivery cycle that does not affect targeting outcomes, but the following are particularly common or important places to focus efforts to upgrade systems: • Improving outreach and communication so that people who are meant to be served by programs are aware of them and know how to access them. • Ensuring low transaction costs (in the time, travel, and mental bandwidth of those in pursuit of benefits and in calendar time in queue) and improving the client experience of inclusion and dignity.