Insect and Hydroponic Farming in Africa

Page 201

are based on 100 ­percent recovery of crop wastes for substrate use. Actual protein totals will scale down according to the recovery level achievable for each crop substrate. Scaling is linear, meaning that if the overall recovery rate is 50 ­percent and all of that is used as substrate, then the resultant available crude protein will fall by 50 ­percent. For example, in table 4.20, the theoretical value (100 ­percent waste recovery) of total crude protein produced is 116,502 tons, assuming a 30 ­percent waste conversion factor. However, if only 50 ­percent of wastes are recovered and used as substrate, the resultant crude protein will be 50 ­percent of 116,502 tons, or 58,251 tons of crude protein, which would cover 8.5 ­percent of total protein demand (see table 4.20). Frass for Biofertilizer BSFL produces an abundant amount of high-quality biofertilizer, which is the BSFL’s excrement (frass), mixed with the spent substrate. The amount of frass produced by BSFL from the various crop substrates is summarized in table 4.22. An individual insect larva can consume between 25 and 500 milligrams of organic matter per day depending on the larva’s size, the type of substrate available, and the feeding conditions, which include air supply, temperature, and moisture levels (Makkar et al. 2014). Through the feeding process, BSFL release the substrate’s nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK). As such, the frass contains essential elements for plant growth and is used as

30% conversion

10% conversion

TABLE 4.22  Black Soldier Fly Larvae Frass Production, by Crop, Zimbabwe Crop

Residue (tons)

Maize

65,678

11,475

2,960

324

80,437

Groundnut

18,131

763

1,645

20,539

Soybean Sugarcane Wheat

PostProcess harvest waste loss (tons) (tons)

Consumption Total waste (tons) (tons)

6,395

322

91

6,808

54,273

3,618

115,700

173,591

3,187

598

360

Total

147,664

16,777

120,756

349

285,545

Maize

197,033

34,425

8,881

971

241,310

54,393

2,290

4,935

61,618

Groundnut Soybean Sugarcane Wheat Total

25

4,170

19,184

967

273

20,424

162,820

10,855

347,099

520,774

9,562

1,793

1,079

442,992

50,330

362,267

74 1,046

12,509 856,635

Source: Original table for this publication. Note: — = not available.

Mainstreaming Insect Farming

161


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Phase 2: Scaling

2min
page 279

Phase 1: Establishing and Piloting

6min
pages 274-276

6. Ways Forward

1min
page 271

References

8min
pages 266-270

Operation in Turkey

1min
page 260

Operation in Turkey

1min
page 259

Comparison with Soil-Based Production

2min
page 264

Pillars

7min
pages 257-258

Limitations

2min
page 256

and Cowpeas

6min
pages 253-255

5.1 Examples of Human Food or Animal Feed from Hydroponic Crops

5min
pages 248-250

Advantages over Soil Agriculture

2min
page 252

Outputs

2min
page 247

Types of Hydroponic Systems

2min
page 237

References

11min
pages 227-232

About Hydroponics

6min
pages 234-236

Fertilizers, Zimbabwe

1min
page 204

Breeding, Zimbabwe

1min
page 203

4.22 Black Soldier Fly Larvae Frass Production, by Crop, Zimbabwe

1min
page 201

Zimbabwe

1min
page 199

Zimbabwe

1min
page 195

Zimbabwe

4min
pages 197-198

Zimbabwe

1min
page 191

Zimbabwe

1min
page 189

4.7 BSF-Related Conversion Factors

4min
pages 186-187

4.4 Productivity of Different African Palm Weevil Farming Systems

2min
page 180

Three African Cities

5min
pages 181-183

Edible Insect Production Systems

7min
pages 171-174

Description of When Consumption Occurs

3min
pages 159-160

Insect Production Systems

10min
pages 163-167

Edible Insect Supply Chains in African FCV-Affected States

3min
pages 156-157

Insect Farming’s Economic Benefits

2min
page 133

3.9 Feed Conversion Rates of Various Insect and Livestock Species

4min
pages 128-129

Insect Farming’s Social Benefits

2min
page 123

Insect Farming’s Environmental Benefits

4min
pages 124-125

3.8 Fat and Protein in Various Edible Insect Species

6min
pages 120-122

Available in 2019

3min
pages 117-118

Insect Sector

5min
pages 114-116

3.2 Most Commonly Farmed Insect Species

3min
pages 102-104

Types of Insects That Can Be Farmed Roles in Insect Farming for Civil Society, Government, and the

2min
page 101

3.1 Diversity and Abundance of Edible Insects in Africa

3min
pages 96-97

Insect Farming’s Nutritional Benefits

2min
page 119

in Kenya’s Kakuma Refugee Camp, 2016

1min
page 100

Context of Insect Farming in Africa

2min
page 95

in 13 African FCV Countries, Various Years

1min
page 76

Conflict, and Violence

1min
page 48

FCV Countries, 2000–19

1min
page 74

Road Map

2min
page 51

Than Five Years

2min
pages 67-68

Food Supply

2min
page 65

References

4min
pages 54-56

Climate Change in FCV Countries

2min
page 82
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