treatment. In addition, profiling can guide the resource allocation process within PES and assigning of appropriate packages of benefits, employment services and ALMPs. Legal framework (in social protection). A legislative or legal framework that sheds light on the use and governance of laws—as well as decrees, regulations, and other legal or policy documents—and provides a foundation for the implementation of policies and programs undertaken to achieve strategic plans and outcomes. Long-term care services (LTC). Refers to the range of services designed to support people who are unable to perform physical and cognitive functions, measured through ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Individuals may need LTC due to limited functional ability, chronic conditions, trauma, or illness that limit their ability to carry out basic self-care or personal tasks that must be performed each day. LTC refers to f amily-based care in the home and community, as well as institutional care. It is quite distinct from health care, in that while health care services seek to change the health condition (from unwell to well), LTC services seek to make the current condition (unwell) more bearable. Long-term unemployment. Refers to those who have been unemployed for more than a certain time period, such as 52 weeks (1 year, International Labour Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) or 27 weeks (US Bureau of Labor Statistics). Means testing (MT). A methodology that determines potential eligibility or computes benefit levels based upon some assessment of the incomes and assets of a family or household. Migrant worker. A person who is to be engaged, is engaged, or has been engaged in remunerated activity in a state or country of which he or she is not a citizen.11 Notification and onboarding. Notification involves informing applicants of their enrollment decisions (in, wait-listed, or out), and onboarding involves finalizing the enrollment process for those who have been selected (conducting orientation, collecting additional information, providing option to opt-out, etc.).
G lossary
On-demand approach for intake and registration. Approach that allows anyone to apply and register their information to be considered for potential inclusion in one or more programs. Three key features characterize on-demand approaches: (1) the impetus for initiating the engagement is driven by the clients (not the “state”), who take the initiative to apply; (2) specific clients engage on their own; and (3) timing: with the on-demand approach, specific clients engage in intake and registration on their own timing. While on-demand approaches are driven largely by the way intake and registration is carried out, they also influence other phases of the delivery chain. See also administrator-driven approach. One-stop shops/service centers. One form of “integrated service provision” whereby all services are co-located, so the client needs to go to only one place for support. In some cases, these may be for both labor and social benefits and services together. In other cases, they may be for labor services separately (e.g., job centers). Other modalities combine social and health benefits and services (such as the “department of health and human services” that is common in the United States and Australia). Outreach. Deliberate efforts to reach and inform intended populations and vulnerable groups about social protection programs and delivery systems so that they are aware, informed, able, and encouraged to engage. Outsourcing. An arrangement where an entity decides to contract out the supply of services (sometimes goods) necessary to its operation to another entity, which then carries out the work using its own staff and equipment. Oversight and controls. Measures, tools, and systems to prevent, detect, deter, and monitor error, fraud, and corruption (EFC). Passive labor market programs. Programs that provide income replacement to unemployed workers without requiring any job-search or work-related activation efforts. Payments administration. The required steps to transfer cash to beneficiaries or into the beneficiaries’ accounts. Payments administration includes establishing and verifying the payroll and setting up the payment schedule, requesting the inter-account transfer (by the overseeing
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