61
Impact Evaluation Results at the Midline
Table 4.3 Effects of CCT on Likelihood of Using Health Insurance to Finance Treatment at the Midline Those sick in past 4 weeks who financed treatment with health insurance (1) All Baseline mean
0.026
(2) (3) (4) (5) Age 0–1 year Age 0–4 years Age 0–18 years Age 60+ years 0.027
Panel A: Effect of treatment on the treated Treatment (ETT) × After 0.18 0.42 (0.06)*** (0.12)*** After 0.04 0.00 (0.02)** (0.00) Panel B: Intention to treat Treatment (ITT) × After After R-squared (ITT) Observations
0.17 (0.15) 0.04 (0.05) 0.88 3,324
0.38 (0.30) −0.00 (.) 0.79 115
0.029
0.032
0.026
0.36 (0.11)*** 0.06 (0.06)
0.34 (0.09)*** 0.03 (0.05)
0.15 (0.05)*** 0.02 (0.01)*
0.35 (0.31) 0.06 (0.17) 0.85 269
0.31 (0.29) 0.03 (0.14) 0.89 907
0.14 (0.11) 0.03 (0.03) 0.84 1,433
Source: World Bank data. Notes: Clustered standard errors in parentheses. CCT = conditional cash transfer; ETT = effect of treatment on the treated; ITT = intention to treat. Significance level: * = 10 percent, ** = 5 percent, *** = 1 percent.
more likely to finance medical care with health insurance. Once again, all of these effects are statistically significant at the 1 percent level. Given the baseline average rates of financing medical care with health insurance among each age group, being in a treatment community is associated with sizeable increases in insurance coverage. As a direct result of receiving treatment, 0–1-year-olds are 16 times more likely to be insured, 0–4-year-olds are 12 times more likely, 0–18-yearolds are 11 times more likely, and those age 60+ years are six times more likely. This is a large change in how medical care is financed.
Health Outcomes We next analyze how participation in the community-based CCT affects health outcomes for members of treated households. One of the goals of this program has been to improve health by incentivizing health-seeking behavior and healthimproving purchases and investments. In table 4.4, we show that treatment is not associated with statistically significantly lower rates of illness during the 4 weeks previous to the interview—either overall or among specific subpopulations (children aged 0–4, children aged 0–18, and those over age 60). Similarly, we do not find any effects of treatment on the number days in the last 4 weeks for which the individual has been too sick to perform their normal daily activities. Community-Based Conditional Cash Transfers in Tanzania • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0141-9