Romania Europe & Central Asia Gross domestic product ($ billions)
Upper middle income 189.8
Population (millions)
21.4
2001 2006 2011
Depth—Financial Institutions Private credit by deposit money banks to GDP (%) Deposit money banks’ assets to GDP (%) Nonbank financial institutions’ assets to GDP (%)
6.7 10.8 ..
21.2 22.6 ..
37.1 48.6 10.6
3.5 0.5 .. .. 2.3
22.0 3.2 .. .. 2.9
15.0 1.3 .. .. 2.8
Access—Financial Institutions Bank accounts per 1,000 adults (age 15+) Bank branches per 100,000 adults (age 15+) Account at a formal financial institution (%, age 15+) Saved at a financial institution in the past year (%, age 15+) Loan from a financial institution in the past year (%, age 15+) Electronic payments used to make payments (%, age 15+) Debit card (%, age 15+) Depositing/withdrawing at least once in a typical month (%, age 15+) Firms with a checking or savings account (%) Firms with bank loan/line of credit (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (%) Small firms with bank loan/line of credit (%)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20.6 26.3 ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 31.4 36.0 ..
.. .. 44.6 8.7 8.4 10.5 27.7 39.2 50.4 42.3 37.3 .. 34.5
Access—Financial Markets Value traded excluding top 10 traded companies to tot. val. traded (%) Mkt. cap. excluding top 10 companies to tot. mkt. cap. (%) Nonfin. corporate bonds to total bonds and notes outstanding (%)
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
Efficiency—Financial Institutions Bank net interest margin (%) Bank lending-deposit spread Bank overhead costs to total assets (%) Bank return on assets (%, after tax) Bank return on equity (%, after tax)
9.8 18.5 6.1 2.8 16.0
5.5 9.2 4.3 1.7 17.2
5.0 5.8 3.3 0.3 2.7
Efficiency—Financial Markets Stock market turnover ratio (%)
18.1
15.8
11.3
Stability—Financial Institutions Bank Z-score Bank nonperforming loans to gross loans (%) Bank regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets (%)
21.1 8.3 28.8
11.4 1.8 18.1
11.4 14.1 13.4
Stability—Financial Markets Stock price volatility
41.0
28.6
26.5
Other Indicators—Financial Institutions Bank concentration (%) Boone indicator Banking crisis dummy
72.0 –0.09 0
75.4 –0.05 0
57.3 0.00 0
Other Indicators—Financial Markets Number of listed firms per 1,000,000 people Stock market return (%, year-on-year)
232.2 20.0
114.8 35.8
59.2 –0.9
Depth—Financial Markets Stock market capitalization to GDP (%) Stock market total value traded to GDP (%) Outstanding domestic private debt securities to GDP (%) Outstanding domestic public debt securities to GDP (%) Outstanding international debt securities to GDP (%)
The Little Data Book on Financial Development
2014
167