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Transport, Mobility, Emissions, and Development
Figure 1A.2 Road Passenger Transport and Average Income, 2006
Road passenger-km per capita
30,000 United States
25,000 20,000 15,000
Lithuania Switzerland
10,000 5,000 0
Korea, Rep. 0
5,000
10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 GDP per capita (constant 2000 US$)
35,000
40,000
Source: World Bank 2010b. Note: GDP = gross domestic product.
Figure 1A.3 Rail Freight Transport and Average Income, 2006 8,000 Railways, ton-km per capita
7,000
Latvia
6,000 Ukraine
5,000 4,000
Lithuania
3,000
Australia Switzerland
2,000 1,000 0
Korea, Rep. 0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
United Kingdom 25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
GDP per capita (constant 2000 US$) Source: World Bank 2010b. Note: GDP = gross domestic product.
Car ownership typically increases dramatically when countries reach an average income of $5,000 in 2000 values (figure 1A.5). Motorization in Mexico shot up at this per capita income point; but Singapore, Korea, and Taiwan, China, which have all had high income growth in recent decades, have kept motorization low. Some countries, such as Switzerland, that have relatively low road passenger transport in relation to incomes nevertheless have high car ownership. Turning the Right Corner • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-9835-7