Classification of economies For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita (calculated using the World Bank Atlas method). Because GNI per capita changes over time, the country composition of income groups may change from one edition of World Development Indicators to the next. Once the classification is fixed for an edition, based on GNI per capita in the most recent year for which data are available (2011 in this edition), all historical data presented are based on the same country grouping. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,025 or less in 2011. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,025 but less than $12,475. Lower middle-income and upper middleincome economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $4,036. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,476 or more. The 17 participating member countries of the euro area are presented as a subgroup under high income economies.
Environment 3 Deforestation
average annual % 2000–10
Nationally protected areas
Internal renewable freshwater b Terrestrial and resources marine areas Per capita % of total territorial area cubic meters 2011
2011
Access to improved water source
Access to Urban Particulate Carbon improved population matter dioxide sanitation concentration emissions facilities urban-population-
% of total population
% of total population
average annual % growth
2010
2010
1990–2011
Energy use Electricity production
weighted PM10 micrograms per cubic meter
million metric tons
Per capita kilograms of oil equivalent
billion kilowatt hours
2010
2009
2010
2010
Costa Rica
–0.93
17.6
23,780
97
95
2.2
27
Côte d’Ivoire
–0.15
21.8
3,813
80
24
3.5
30
6.6
485
6.0
Croatia
–0.19
9.5
8,562
99
99
0.2
22
21.5
1,932
14.0
Cuba
–1.66
5.3
3,387
94
91
–0.1
15
31.6
975
17.4
Curacao
..
..
..
998
9.6
..
..
..
..
..
Cyprus
–0.09
4.5
699
100
100
1.4
27
8.2
2,215
Czech Republic
–0.08
15.1
1,253
100
98
–0.3
16
108.1
4,193
85.3
Denmark
–1.14
4.1
1,077
100
100
0.6
15
45.7
3,470
38.8
331
88
50
0.00
2.0
28
Dominica
0.58
3.7
..
..
..
0.1
20
0.1
..
..
Dominican Republic
0.00
24.1
2,088
86
83
2.1
14
20.3
840
15.9
Ecuador
1.81
38.0
29,456
94
92
2.2
19
30.1
836
17.7 146.8
–1.73
..
..
22
99
95
2.1
78
216.1
903
1.45
1.4
2,850
88
87
1.3
28
6.3
677
Equatorial Guinea
0.69
14.0
36,100
..
..
3.2
6
4.8
..
Eritrea
0.28
3.8
517
61
14
5.2
61
0.5
142
0.3
Estonia
0.12
22.6
9,486
98
95
0.1
9
16.0
4,155
13.0
Ethiopia
1.08
18.4
1,440
44
21
3.7
47
7.9
400
5.0
El Salvador
Faeroe Islands
0.00
Fiji
–0.34
6.1
0.5
.. 5.4
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
0.0
..
8.3
..
..
..
..
0.8
100
100
0.6
15
53.6
6,787
80.7
3,057
100
100
1.2
12
363.4
4,031
564.3
French Polynesia
–3.97
0.1
..
100
98
1.1
..
0.9
..
..
14.6
106,892
33
2.3
7
87
68
1.6
1,418 ..
..
1.8
1.3
1,689
3.7
60
Georgia
0.09
3.4
12,958
98
95
1.0
49
5.8
700
10.1
Germany
0.00
42.3
1,308
100
100
0.2
16
734.6
4,003
622.1
Ghana
2.08
14.0
1,214
86
14
3.6
22
7.4
382
8.4
Greece
27
57.4
0.3
0.4
..
..
19,858
89
0.8
..
8.5 17.1
0.00
20
0.7
32,876
0.14 –0.39
–0.41
1.7
11
0.2
Finland
Gabon
83
..
France
Gambia, The
98
6.0
–0.81
9.9
5,133
100
98
94.9
2,440
Greenland
0.00
40.1
..
100
100
0.2
..
0.6
..
Grenada
0.00
0.1
..
..
97
1.3
19
0.2
..
..
.. ..
Guam
0.00
3.6
..
100
99
1.3
..
..
..
..
Guatemala
1.40
29.5
7,400
92
78
3.4
51
15.2
713
8.8
Guinea
0.54
6.4
22,110
74
18
3.8
55
1.2
..
..
Guinea-Bissau
0.48
26.9
10,342
64
20
3.6
48
0.3
..
..
4.8
318,766
Guyana
0.00
Haiti
94
0.5
17
3.8
35
77
3.1
34
7.7
601
6.7
0.4
15
48.7
2,567
37.4
16,882
0.1
1,285
13.9
12,371
87
–0.62
5.1
602
100
100
Iceland
–4.99
13.2
532,892
100
100
India
–0.46
Honduras
69
84
0.76 2.06
Hungary
1.6 2.3
.. 229
.. 0.6
18
2.0
4.8
1,165
2.5
52
1,979.4
Indonesia
0.51
6.4
8,332
82
54
2.5
60
451.8
867
169.8
Iran, Islamic Rep.
0.00
6.9
1,718
96
100
1.3
56
602.1
2,817
233.0
73
2.8
88
109.0
1,180
50.2
2.7
13
41.6
Iraq
–0.09
Ireland
–1.53
Isle of Man Israel
Economy
0.1
1,068
1.2
10,707
92
34
79 100
99
0.4
20
566
3,218
17.1 959.9
..
..
..
..
0.5
..
..
..
..
15.1
97
100
100
1.9
21
67.2
3,005
58.6
States and markets
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Statistics
28.4
0.00 –0.07
World Development Indicators 2013
47
Additional information about the data is provided in Primary data documentation, which summarizes national and international efforts to improve basic data collection and gives country-level information on primary sources, census years, fiscal years, statistical methods and concepts used, and other background information. Statistical methods provides technical information on some of the general calculations and formulas used throughout the book.
Symbols
Country notes
..
• Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. • Data for Indonesia include Timor-Leste through 1999. • Data for Mayotte, to which a reference appeared in previous editions, are included in data for France. • Data for Serbia do not include data for Kosovo or Montenegro. • Data for Sudan include South Sudan unless otherwise noted.
means that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data in the years shown.
0 or means zero or small enough that the number would 0.0 round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. /
in dates, as in 2010/11, means that the period of time, usually 12 months, straddles two calendar years and refers to a crop year, a survey year, or a fiscal year.
$
means current U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted.
<
means less than.
Economy
States and markets
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World Development Indicators 2013 xiii