Appendix 2 149
Data Collection The data used to create the indicators in this study was obtained through a process of exhaustive analysis of relevant published materials available on the Internet and produced by a wide array of organizations. Data collection was carried out in Washington, DC, between January and March 2012. The process of data collection followed two iterations. The first one included the initial review of the main sources of data identified by the research team as primary data sources. Once the initial sources were exhausted, the second iteration incorporated additional material from different secondary sources to complete the data gaps in the list of indicators.
Sources of Data Due to the lack of a single or centralized source containing the data for the indicators, this study had to rely on multiple sources of information. Although data at the national level for urban water management are available (for example, WHO-UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program, Table A2.2 Main Data Sources World Bank sources • PADs • AICD • IBNET • CSO AMCOW • Other World Bank publications
UN sources • UN-Habitat • UNDP • UNEP/GRID
Other international agencies • AfDB PADs • European Union • OECD
National public sources
Private and open sources
• International development agencies • Specific government branches (censuses, household surveys, ministries, and regulators) • Water operators (public)
• Dartmouth Flood Observatory, Dartmouth College • IWA Water Wiki • Wikipedia • Water operators (private) • Consultancies • NGOs • Research institutes • Academic journals
Source: World Bank. Note: PADs, project appraisal documents; AICD, Africa infrastructure country diagnostic; CSO, country status overview; AMCOW, African Ministers’ Council on Water; UNDP, United Nations Development Programme, AfDB, African Development Bank; OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; IWA, International Water Association.; NGOs, nongovernmental organizations.