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planning processes: if the city or water utility had an approved master plan, the planning horizon of the master plan, the stakeholders involved in the planning process, and the inclusion of 14 selected features in the current management plan. Section three focused on the attitudes and opinions of the respondents regarding 23 specific planning aspects that could be included in the management plans of their organization. The aim of this section was to grasp the extent to which managers and decision makers in these organizations believed that certain features should be included in the management plans. It also sought to reveal the degree of belief by managers and decision makers in the value of a more integrated approach to urban water management in their planning practices. Section four listed a series of open-ended questions with the purpose of extending the respondents’ reflection on the topics and encouraging them to expand on the following aspects: what can be added to their organization’s management plan, what problems their organization is currently facing with regard to urban water management, what are the constraints to achieve better urban water management, at what political or operational governance level the identified constraints can be resolved, and what kind of partnership can help solve the mentioned problems.
Dissemination and Response Rate The team used the 16th African Water Association (AfWA) Congress in Marrakech in March 2012 to inform the participants about the Africa IUWM economic and sector work and the accompanying survey. The survey was designed and uploaded onto an Internet platform. The survey was also disseminated in paper form as an email attachment for use by respondents who had difficulties accessing the online format. The survey was sent to 80 utilities in Central, Western, Eastern, and Southern Africa and 24 questionnaires were filled out, which represents a response rate of 30 percent. For municipalities, the survey was disseminated to 39 municipalities of which 13 finally responded, which represents a response rate of 33.3 percent.
Survey Responses and Representativeness The selection of the sample for the survey was based on a combination of purposeful and convenience sampling methods. The inclusion of respondents to the sample was structured around their membership to two different organizations: AfWA and the United Cities and Local