114 The Future of Water in African Cities
grant financing for initial stages is likely to be warranted until the concept becomes more generally known and accepted. To make IUWM work in Africa, it will be necessary to address shortterm needs, institutional constraints, and mid- to long-term development objectives. Strategies will need to be adaptable to the diverse conditions in African cities. Furthering IUWM in Africa will be challenging: it will require engaging and exploring new opportunities with city and utility managers; health, water, and other regulatory authorities; planning and engineering communities; and formal and informal service providers in both urban and peri-urban environments. Successful implementation of integrated approaches with a long-term perspective will require early and active involvement of all stakeholders, including the end users, in particular in environments where enforcement of planning and regulation is often less than desired. Although stakeholder involvement might prolong project preparation, the involvement of a wide range of stakeholders could address political-economy barriers to integrated water management solutions. For example, in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, a coalition of commercial and household users and professionals have coalesced around an IUWM approach for the city that promotes good water management solutions and at the same time takes on vested interests. For each specific project, an early decision will have to be made about whether a longer (and possibly even less certain) planning period is acceptable. The knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey conducted for this book illustrates that city leaders in Africa believe that integrated solutions (for example, for solid waste management, flood resilience, and water management) should be included in their future plans. Our case studies in Kenya and Uganda illustrate that city managers are interested in testing how spatial integration within cities and between cities and catchments can contribute to solving urban water management challenges. Investment institutions like the World Bank can proactively promote spatial integration within cities as well as between cities and catchments in its project dialogue with African clients. Some Latin American cities are already working with the World Bank to implement IUWM projects: São Paulo, Brazil, requested spatial integration of water and wastewater planning within the city to protect a key water source and reduce dependency on water transfers from other regions; Bogotá, Colombia, requested drainage, wastewater, and river bank rehabilitation to be integrated to address flooding and pollution issues.