Assessing Water Management Challenges and Capacities in African Cities 81
Notes 1. For full report of the index see Naughton, Closas, and Jacobsen, (forthcoming) (http://water.worldbank.org/AfricaIUWM). 2. For a detailed methodology and a full list of indicators, see Appendix 3. Appendix 2 outlines the relevance of these variables for IUWM and gives a detailed methodology. 3. Global databases that provide city-level indicators include UN-Habitat and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. However, for water and sanitation services indicators, confusion can arise from databases such as the International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities, as the utilities surveyed can be national- or city-level, and the Joint Monitoring Program of the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund, which categorizes indicators in urban and rural categories, but does not differentiate between cities. 4. See the website for the Global City Indicators Program: http://www. cityindicators.org. For full details of the cities database see Naughton, Closas, and Jacobsen (forthcoming) (http://water.worldbank.org/AfricaIUWM). 5. Nonrevenue water (as per IBNET definition) is the difference between volume of water supplied and volume of water sold. This difference is expressed as a percentage of net water supplied. 6. Operating ratio (as per IBNET definition) is defined as total annual operating revenues/total annual operating costs. 7. Information on billing (collection ratio) is for one year only, but years reported vary per city. For the cities database, the last reported year is taken. 8. These maps will be available on http://water.worldbank.org/AfricaIUWM, in a forthcoming companion volume to this report. 9. See Appendix 4 for a detailed description of the methodology. For full details and all maps see Duncan, Blankespoor, and Engstrom (forthcoming) (http:// water.worldbank.org/AfricaIUWM). 10. This information is available on the World Bank Climate Change Knowledge portal: http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm. To access the data click on a point on the climate portal map; for example: http://sdwebx. worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm?page=country_impacts_water&This Region=Africa&ThisCcode=TZA. 11. For full details on climate change analysis see McCluskey, Duncan, Blankespoor, and Naughton (forthcoming) (http://water.worldbank.org/AfricaIUWM).