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Overview
EXHIBIT O.2
Population Trends in Eurasian Cities, 1992–2011 250
500
750
1,000 km ei nis Ye
Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, January 2012
ga
An
Vorkuta
Murmansk
Se v. D
Stockholm Helsinki Tallinn
S
I
A
Ufa
Tula
Kiev r
MOLDOVA
Chisinau
Dnipropetrovsk Donetsk
Odessa
ROMANIA
on
Bucharest
al
Volgograd
Danub
Aktau
Ankara
Bursa
Konya
5
Adana
Van Gaziantep
AZERBAIJAN Tabriz
Baku
I
R
A
Mashhad
N
i
Hotan
TAJIKISTAN
Dushanbe
Bukhara
arya
TURKMENISTAN Ashgabat
Gorgan
Rasht
Teheran
uD
Kashgar
C H I N A
Herat
Mazar-e Sharif
Kabul
AFGHANISTAN
Islamabad
Srinagar INDIA
Peshawar Lahore PAKISTAN Indus
Antalya
1
Yerevan
T U R K E Y
Izmir
Population
Trabzon
Am
Turkmenbashi
KYRGYZSTAN Osh Fergana
Samarkand
Caspian Sea
Tbilissi ARMENIA
UZBEKISTAN
Makhachkala
GEORGIA
Istanbul Samsun
Shymkent
Tashkent Nukus
Grozny
Black Sea
Burgas
Bishkek
Syr Da rya
Aral Sea
Atyrau
Simferopol
e
Almaty Aksu
Krasnodar
BULGARIA
Ili
K A Z A K H S T A N
Astrakhan
Rostov-on-Don
Shihezi
Karaganda
Lake Balkash
Ur
nie pe
Voronezh
D
U K R AD I N E
Kostanay
Aktobe
Saratov
Semipalatinsk
Astana
Orenburg
Penza
Volga
BELARUS
Samara
MONG.
Irty sh
Petropavlovsk
Kazan
Ulyanovsk
Barnaul
Ob
Chelyabinsk
Nizhny Novgorod
Ryazan
Minsk
n Ye
Omsk
Tob ol
S
Yaroslavl
LITHUANIA RUS. Vilnius Kaliningrad
Lviv
U
Yekatarinburg
Moscow
LATVIA
POLAND
R
Lake Onega
Saint Petersburg
Riga
Kemerovo
Novosibirsk v in a
Ishim
ESTONIA
Abakan
Tomsk
ise
FINLAND
Surgut
Ob
Arkhangelsk
e
Umea
Sofia
Krasnoyarsk
hora Pec
SWEDEN
Warsaw
Bratsk
ra
Tromso NORWAY
Ya r ka nt H
0
25
Population density (inhabitants per km2) Population trend increase decrease stagnation 10,000,000
5,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
100,000 500,000
Population in urban centres
growth of informal settlements
Source: World Bank data.
c omplement Moscow—St. Petersburg and Kiev—while exports of the rest of Eurasia remained concentrated on traditional products and trading partners, reinforcing the largest cities’ role as production and transportation hubs.
Eurasian Cities Need Better Planning, Better Connectivity, and Better Greening In the post-Soviet era, the proximity to the EU market and the deeper integration shaped the internal geography of Central and Eastern